FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Reass, W Bennet, G Bowman, D Lopez, E Monroe, M Parsons, W AF Reass, W Bennet, G Bowman, D Lopez, E Monroe, M Parsons, W BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Performance characteristics of the Atlas 60 kV, 68 kJ plastic capacitors SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB This paper provides the performance data of Atlas plastic capacitors as supplied by Maxwell Technologies and Aerovox Corporation. The fiberglass cases are 13 " high by 29 " wide and 28 " in depth with a 2 " by 18 " bushing on each end. Two styles of the 33.5uF capacitors have been evaluated for Atlas use, a conventional paper-foil and a self-healing metalized-paper and plastic dielectric design. A test program to capacitor failure, is being used to evaluate capacitor lifetime at full voltage (60 kV) and a nominal 15% reversal. With the Atlas parameters, peak currents of similar to 340 kA are realized. In anticipation of faults, capacitors are capable, specified, and tested for 700 kA performance. Accurate methods are also utilized to determine capacitor inductance, less than 20 nH. The results of the various capacitor testing programs will be presented in addition to future directives for our R&D efforts. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reass, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1632 EP 1635 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800259 ER PT B AU Smith, DL Johnson, DL Boyes, JD Pelock, MD Long, FW Maenchen, JE AF Smith, DL Johnson, DL Boyes, JD Pelock, MD Long, FW Maenchen, JE BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Proposed inductive voltage adder based accelerator concepts for the second axis of DARHT SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB As participants in the Technology Options Study for the second axis of the Dual Axis Radiographic HydroTest (DARHT) facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratories, we have considered several accelerator concepts based on the Inductive Voltage Adder (IVA) technology that is being used successfully at Sandia on the SABRE and HERMES-III facilities. The challenging accelerator design requirements for the IVA approach include: greater than or equal to 12-MeV beam energy; similar to 60-ns electrical pulse width; less than or equal to 40-kA electron beam current; similar to 1-mm diameter e-beam; four pulses on the same axis or as close as possible to that axis; and an architecture that fits within the existing building envelope. To satisfy these requirements our IVA concepts take a modular approach. The basic idea is built upon a conservative design for eight ferromagnetically isolated 2-MV cavities that are driven by two 3 to 4-Omega water dielectric pulse forming lines (PFLs) synchronized with laser triggered gas switches. The 100-Omega vacuum magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) would taper to a needle cathode that produces the electron beam(s). After considering many concepts we narrowed our study to the following options: A) Four independent single pulse drivers powering four single pulse diodes; B) Four series adders with interleaved cavities feeding a common MITL and diode; C) Four stages of series PFLs, isolated from each other by triggered spark gap switches, with single-point feeds to a common adder, MITL, and diode; and D) Isolated PFLs with multiple-feeds to a common adder using spark gap switches in combination with saturable magnetic cores to isolate the non-energized lines. We will discuss these options in greater detail identifying the challenges and risks associated with each. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1647 EP 1652 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800262 ER PT B AU Carlson, RL Kang, M Melton, JG Seitz, GJ Trujillo, LT AF Carlson, RL Kang, M Melton, JG Seitz, GJ Trujillo, LT BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI A 600kV double-pulser for the PHERMEX electron gun SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB The PHERMEX Radiographic Facility is a 50-MHz, 3-Cavity, RF-Linac driven by a pulsed, thermionic electron-gun Injector. The PHERMEX is used to take flash radiographs using x-rays at a single time in an explosively driven event. To investigate the time evolution of these events requires two things: (1) a multiple-pulser to drive the electron-gun Injector and (2) a large-format, gamma-ray, camera system to record a scintillator at the different times. We report the recent success of developing a reliable double-pulser that consisting of two Marx generators that independently charge two PFLs which are switched out at about 1.4 MV, The PFLs are connected in series by large diaphragm switches that are independently laser triggered by two quadrupled-YAG lasers. Recent tests of the system into a dummy load, produced two high quality 600 kV pulses separated by 1.0 mu s. Each pulse has a FWHM of 90 ns and a 50-ns flat-top +/- 3 % with rise- and fall-times of 25- and 35-ns, respectively. The interpulse time is variable up to about 275 mu s; the first switch is kept closed by a "keep alive" inductor. The system has produced a 50 shot sequence of two pulses with a 1-sigma jitter <1 ns. The system has been modeled using TOSCA-3D, FLUX-2D, and a transmission line model run with the circuit analysis code Micro-CAP. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlson, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1698 EP 1703 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800271 ER PT B AU Bradley, JT Collins, M AF Bradley, JT Collins, M BE Cooperstein, G Vitkovitsky, I TI Test wire for high voltage power supply crowbar system SO 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL PULSED POWER CONFERENCE - DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS. 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP USN, Naval Res Lab, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Pulsed Powed Sci & Technol Comm AB The klystron microwave amplifier tubes used in the Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) and to be used in the Accelerator Production of Tritium (RPT) plant have a strict upper limit on the amount of energy which can be safely dissipated within the klystron's vacuum envelope during a high voltage ave. One way to prevent damage from occurring to the klystron microwave amplifier tube is through the use of a crowbar circuit which diverts the energy stored in the power supply filter capacitors from the tube arc. The crowbar circuit must be extremely reliable. To test the crowbar circuit, a wire that is designed to fuse when it absorbs a predetermined amount of energy is switched between the high voltage output terminals. The energy required to fuse the wire was investigated for a variety of circuits that simulated the power supply circuit. Techniques for calculating wire length and energy ave presented along with verifying experimental data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 5, MS H827,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4213-5 PY 1997 BP 1719 EP 1724 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK95C UT WOS:000073934800275 ER PT B AU Edwards, EL AF Edwards, EL BE Nixon, C Dengler, H Yersak, J TI Data disaster planning: Information quality in the age of end user searching SO 12TH ANNUAL COMPUTERS IN LIBRARIES '97, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Computers in Libraries Conference (CIL 97) CY MAR 10-12, 1997 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Informat Today Inc AB Librarians' obligations for quality delivery of the right information at the right time means they must be prepared far data disasters, be they in vendor services and products, in-house databases, or on the Internet. This paper discusses practical lessons learned in real data disasters, the concept of a data disaster plan, and key points for reaching the highest possible levels of information quality in the age of end user searching. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,HANFORD TECH LIB,RICHLAND,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 BN 1-57387-040-4 PY 1997 BP 30 EP 39 PG 10 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BJ45V UT WOS:A1997BJ45V00010 ER PT B AU Edwards, EL AF Edwards, EL BE Nixon, C Dengler, H Yersak, J TI Serving up quality for the information starved SO 12TH ANNUAL COMPUTERS IN LIBRARIES '97, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Computers in Libraries Conference (CIL 97) CY MAR 10-12, 1997 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Informat Today Inc C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,HANFORD TECH LIB,RICHLAND,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 BN 1-57387-040-4 PY 1997 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BJ45V UT WOS:A1997BJ45V00011 ER PT B AU Nasstrom, JS Ermak, DL AF Nasstrom, JS Ermak, DL GP AMS TI Comparison of reflection boundary conditions for langevin equation modeling of convective boundary layer dispersion SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nasstrom, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 114 EP 115 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700058 ER PT B AU Whiteman, CD Bian, XD Zhong, SY AF Whiteman, CD Bian, XD Zhong, SY GP AMS TI New observations of the climatology and structure of the Great Plains low-level jet SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whiteman, CD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 132 EP 133 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700067 ER PT B AU ReVelle, DO Nilsson, ED Kulmala, M AF ReVelle, DO Nilsson, ED Kulmala, M GP AMS TI Modeling of the Arctic boundary layer: Comparisons with measurements from the Arctic Ocean Expedition 1996 SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700075 ER PT B AU ReVelle, DO AF ReVelle, DO GP AMS TI On predicting the transition to turbulence in stably stratified fluids SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 150 EP 151 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700076 ER PT B AU Reisner, J Cooper, D Kao, J AF Reisner, J Cooper, D Kao, J GP AMS TI High-resolution numerical simulations of the equatorial Pacific marine atmospheric boundary-layer SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reisner, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700108 ER PT B AU Cederwall, RT Street, RL AF Cederwall, RT Street, RL GP AMS TI Use of a dynamic subgrid-scale model for large-eddy simulation of the planetary boundary layer SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cederwall, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700109 ER PT B AU Fast, JD Shaw, WJ AF Fast, JD Shaw, WJ GP AMS TI Evaluation of boundary layer kinematic back trajectories during the 1995 Southern Oxidant Field Campaign SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700131 ER PT B AU Fast, JD Berkowitz, CM AF Fast, JD Berkowitz, CM GP AMS TI Convective boundary layer growth during the 1995 NARSTO-Northeast Field Experiment SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 265 EP 266 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700134 ER PT B AU Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Ecke, RE Kao, JCY Reisner, JM Tellier, LL AF Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Ecke, RE Kao, JCY Reisner, JM Tellier, LL GP AMS TI Initial investigations of microscale cellular convection in an equatorial marine atmospheric boundary layer revealed by lidar and les models SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooper, DI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C300, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 330 EP 331 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700167 ER PT B AU Brown, MJ Muller, C AF Brown, MJ Muller, C GP AMS TI The effect of microscale urban canyon flow on mesoscale puff dispersion SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, TSA-4,MS F604,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700234 ER PT B AU Doran, JC Coulter, RL King, C Lee, JT Sosa, G AF Doran, JC Coulter, RL King, C Lee, JT Sosa, G GP AMS TI A boundary-layer field experiment in Mexico City SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MSIN K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Sosa, Gustavo/F-3912-2015 OI Sosa, Gustavo/0000-0002-4980-3491 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 496 EP 497 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700251 ER PT B AU Zhong, SY Fast, JD Doran, JC AF Zhong, SY Fast, JD Doran, JC GP AMS TI Boundary layer processes within the Mexico City Basin and their impact on surface ozone patterns. Part 1: Meteorological analyses and simulations SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, SY (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 500 EP 501 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700253 ER PT B AU Costigan, KR Bossert, JE AF Costigan, KR Bossert, JE GP AMS TI Boundary layer circulations and dispersion on New Mexico's Pajarito Plateau SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Costigan, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-8 Mailstop D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 516 EP 517 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700261 ER PT B AU Kurzeja, RJ AF Kurzeja, RJ GP AMS TI An observational study of turbulence in the SPBL SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Kurzeja, RJ (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 518 EP 519 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700262 ER PT B AU Fast, JD Zhong, SY Doran, JC AF Fast, JD Zhong, SY Doran, JC GP AMS TI Boundary layer processes within the Mexico City Basin and their impact on spatial ozone patterns. Part 2: Dispersion simulations SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 534 EP 535 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700270 ER PT B AU Zhong, SYS Doran, JC AF Zhong, SYS Doran, JC GP AMS TI Boundary-layer perturbations induced by spatially varying surface fluxes: An observational and numerical study SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, SYS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 551 EP 552 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700279 ER PT B AU Shaw, WJ Doran, JC Hubbe, JM Liljegren, JC AF Shaw, WJ Doran, JC Hubbe, JM Liljegren, JC GP AMS TI Spatial variations of boundary-layer structure and the absence of non-classical mesoscale circulations SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 579 EP 580 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700293 ER PT S AU Chen, IMA Kosky, A Markowitz, VM Szeto, E AF Chen, IMA Kosky, A Markowitz, VM Szeto, E GP IEEE TI Developing and accessing scientific databases with the OPM data management tools SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING - PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Data Engineering CY APR 07-11, 1997 CL UNIV BIRMINGHAM, BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc HO UNIV BIRMINGHAM RP Chen, IMA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,INFORMAT & COMP SCI DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6382 BN 0-8186-7808-9 J9 PROC INT CONF DATA PY 1997 BP 580 EP 580 DI 10.1109/ICDE.1997.582034 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH55Z UT WOS:A1997BH55Z00065 ER PT S AU Peskin, ME AF Peskin, ME BE Ellis, N Neubert, M TI Beyond the standard model SO 1996 EUROPEAN SCHOOL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 European School of High-Energy Physics CY SEP 01-14, 1996 CL CARRY LE ROUET, FRANCE SP CERN, CEA, CNRS In2P3, JINR, Dubna, Soc Phys AB These lectures constitute a short course in 'Beyond the Standard Model' for students of experimental particle physics. I discuss the general ideas which guide the construction of models of physics beyond the Standard Model. The central principle, the one which most directly motivates the search for new physics, is the search for the mechanism of the spontaneous symmetry breaking observed in the theory of weak interactions. To illustrate models of weak-interaction symmetry breaking, I give a detailed discussion of the idea of supersymmetry and that of new strong interactions at the TeV energy scale. I discuss experiments that will probe the details of these models at future pp and e(+)e(-) colliders. RP Peskin, ME (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-114-6 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 3 BP 49 EP 142 PG 94 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ43G UT WOS:A1997BJ43G00002 ER PT S AU Angstadt, R Baert, M Bagby, L Johnson, M Matulik, M Utes, M Zimmerman, T Clark, A Collins, T Kerth, R Goozen, F Milgrome, O AF Angstadt, R Baert, M Bagby, L Johnson, M Matulik, M Utes, M Zimmerman, T Clark, A Collins, T Kerth, R Goozen, F Milgrome, O BE DelGuerra, A TI Electrical performance of the front end electronics system for the DO silicon upgrade SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The new DO tracking system uses the radiation-hard SVX-IIe integrated circuit as the ADC for all detectors. We report on the performance of the production version of the chip and some of its associated electronics. RP Angstadt, R (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00001 ER PT S AU Britton, CL Bryan, WL Emery, MS Ericson, MN Musrock, MS Simpson, ML Smith, MC Walker, JW Wintenberg, AL Young, GR Allen, MD Clonts, LG Jones, RL Kennedy, EJ Smith, RS Boissevain, J Jacak, BV Jaffe, D Kapustinsky, JS SimonGillo, J Sullivan, JP VanHecke, H Xu, N AF Britton, CL Bryan, WL Emery, MS Ericson, MN Musrock, MS Simpson, ML Smith, MC Walker, JW Wintenberg, AL Young, GR Allen, MD Clonts, LG Jones, RL Kennedy, EJ Smith, RS Boissevain, J Jacak, BV Jaffe, D Kapustinsky, JS SimonGillo, J Sullivan, JP VanHecke, H Xu, N BE DelGuerra, A TI Design and performance of beam test electronics for the PHENIX Multiplicity Vertex Detector SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The system architecture and test results of the custom circuits and beam test system for the Multiplicity-Vertex Detector (MVD) for the PHENIX detector collaboration al the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented in this paper. The final detector per-channel signal processing chain will consist of a preamplifier-gain stage, a current-mode summed multiplicity discriminator, a 64-deep analog memory (simultaneous read-write), a post-memory analog correlator, and a 10-bit 5 mu s ADC. The Heap Manager provides all timing control, data buffering, and data formatting for a single 256-channel multi-chip module (MCM). Each chip set is partitioned into 32-channel sets. Beam test (16-cell deep memory) performance for the various blocks will be presented as well as the ionizing radiation damage performance of the 1.2 mu n-well CMOS process used for preamplifier fabrication. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00002 ER PT S AU Celata, CM Amman, M Donahue, R Leung, K Luke, PN Perkins, LT Zawislanski, PT Greenspan, E Hua, D Karni, Y AF Celata, CM Amman, M Donahue, R Leung, K Luke, PN Perkins, LT Zawislanski, PT Greenspan, E Hua, D Karni, Y BE DelGuerra, A TI A new intense neutron generator and high-resolution detector for well logging applications SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Advances in both ion source and gamma-ray detector technology at LBNL are being used to develop a new high-sensitivity neutron logging instrument. Up to 37 mA of current per 10-20 mu s pulse, 80-95% D+ has been produced by a 2 inch diameter pulsed multicusp ion source. A D-T neutron flux of 10(9)-10(10) n/s is projected from this data. CdZnTe is being developed as a possible gamma-ray detector because of its potential for good energy resolution and efficiency, and ability to operate at room temperature. 3-D time-dependent Monte Carlo calculations show the utility of this system for locating contaminants, especially chlorine-containing solvents, at remediation sites. RP Celata, CM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00007 ER PT S AU Peurrung, AJ Reeder, PL Lepel, EA Stromswold, DC AF Peurrung, AJ Reeder, PL Lepel, EA Stromswold, DC BE DelGuerra, A TI Location of neutron sources using moderator-free directional thermal neutron detectors SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The use of neutron detectors designed to record only those thermalized neutrons coming from a highly specific direction can provide enhanced capability for applications such as locating nuclear weapons material or monitoring storage vaults containing special nuclear materials. Such a detection system should be as free of moderator as possible to assure effective directionality. We provide evidence from computer modeling and experimental tests that this technique allows the identification and localization of neutron sources at greater distances and narrower angular resolution than would be possible with conventional moderating neutron detectors. RP Peurrung, AJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00008 ER PT S AU Arnone, GJ AF Arnone, GJ BE DelGuerra, A TI A new pulse arrival-time recording system SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A new pulse arrival-time recording system is being developed at Los Alamos. This system utilizes the latest advances in electronics and computer technology to provide a system that has increased performance over existing instrumentation at a much lower per channel cost. We describe the design of the primary component, the PATRM/PCI (Pulse Arrival-Time Recording Module/Peripheral Component Interconnect) and its configuration in both small and large systems. We will also describe the added features that promise to greatly enhance our time correlation measurements. RP Arnone, GJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 40 EP 43 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00009 ER PT S AU Mihalczo, JT Pare, VK Valentine, TE AF Mihalczo, JT Pare, VK Valentine, TE BE DelGuerra, A TI Nuclear weapons identification system SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A nuclear weapons identification system (NWIS) has been under development at the Oak Ridge Y-12 plant since 1984. NWIS employs active neutron interrogation to obtain a variety of time and frequency analysis signature to identify nuclear weapons in containers. Advantages of NWIS are (1) high sensitivity {small changes in configurations produce large changes in signatures}; (2) insensitivity of some signatures to background radiation, {useful for storage configurations or for tracking of secondaries through the first stage of dismantlement since the presence of the primary on the assembled system does not affect some signatures for the secondary}; (3) nonintrusive {does not reveal design information, which makes it useful for bilateral treaties or by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)}; and (4) very difficult to deceive. RP Mihalczo, JT (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00010 ER PT S AU Ericson, MN Allen, MD Musrock, MS Walker, JW Britton, CL Wintenberg, AL Young, GR AF Ericson, MN Allen, MD Musrock, MS Walker, JW Britton, CL Wintenberg, AL Young, GR BE DelGuerra, A TI Development of a front end controller/heap manager for PHENIX SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A controller/heap, manager has been designed for applicability to all detector subsystem types of PHENIX. The heap manager performs all functions associated with front end electronics control including ADC and analog memory control, data collection, command interpretation and execution, and data packet forming and communication. Interfaces to the unit consist of a timing and control bus, a serial bus, a parallel data bus, and a trigger interface. The topology developed is modular so that many functional blocks are identical for a number of subsystem types. Programmability is maximized through the use of flexible modular functions and implementation using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Details of unit design and functionality will be discussed with particular detail given to subsystems having analog memory-based front end electronics. In addition, mode control, serial functions, and FPGA implementation details will be presented. RP Ericson, MN (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00014 ER PT S AU Adams, D Baumbaugh, B Borcherding, F Dunnigan, M Marchant, J Potashnik, S Ruchti, R Warchol, J Wayne, M AF Adams, D Baumbaugh, B Borcherding, F Dunnigan, M Marchant, J Potashnik, S Ruchti, R Warchol, J Wayne, M BE DelGuerra, A TI Scintillating pad detectors SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB We have been investigating the performance of scintillating pad detectors, individual small tiles of scintillator that are read out with wavelength-shifting fibers and visible light photon counters, for application in high luminosity colliding beam experiments such as the DO Upgrade. Such structures could provide ''pixel'' type readout over large fiducial volumes for tracking, preshower detection and triggering. RP Adams, D (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00015 ER PT S AU OConnor, P Rehak, P Gramegna, G Corsi, F Marzocca, C AF OConnor, P Rehak, P Gramegna, G Corsi, F Marzocca, C BE DelGuerra, A TI CMOS preamplifier with high linearity and ultra low noise for x-ray spectroscopy SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB We present an ultra low noise charge preamplifier suitable for small capacitance (200fF), low leakage current solid state detectors. A self adaptive bias circuit for the MOS feedback device establishes the static feedback resistance in the G Omega range while tracking the threshold variations and power supply and temperature fluctuations. The linerity of the gain versus input charge has been improved by means of a voltage divider between the output of the charge-sensitive amplifier and the source of the feedback transistor. With the preamplifier alone, we measure a room-temperature equivalent noise charge (ENC) of 9 e(-) rms at 12 usec shaping time. When coupled to a cooled detector a FWHM of 130 eV is obtained at 2.4 usec shaping, corresponding to an ENC of 16 e(-) rms. This is the best reported resolution obtained with a CMOS preamplifier. The circuit has good linearity (< 0.2%) up to 1.8 fC. Since the preamplifier's ENC is limited by flicker noise, we fabricated the circuit in two 1.2um CMOS technologies. Device measurements allow us to compare the 1/f noise behavior of each foundry. In addition to the preamplifiers, a 1 us shaper and a 50 Omega output driver are included on the die. RP OConnor, P (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 98 EP 101 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00022 ER PT S AU Wintenberg, AL Simpson, ML Young, GR Palmer, RL Moscone, CG Jackson, RG AF Wintenberg, AL Simpson, ML Young, GR Palmer, RL Moscone, CG Jackson, RG BE DelGuerra, A TI A CMOS variable gain amplifier for PHENIX electromagnetic calorimeter and RICH energy measurements SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A variable gain amplifier (VGA) has been developed for equalizing the gains of integrating amplifier channels used with multiple photomultiplier tubes operating from common high-voltage supplies. The PHENIX lead-scintillator electromagnetic calorimeter will operate in that manner, and gain equalization is needed to preserve the dynamic range of the analog memory and ADC following the integrating amplifier. The VGA is also needed for matching energy channel gains prior to forming analog sums or trigger purposes. The gain of the VGA is variable over a 3:1 range using a 5-bit digital control, and the risetime is held between 15 and 23 ns using switched compensation in the VGA. An additional feature is gated baseline restoration. Details of the design and results from several prototype devices fabricated in 1.2-mu m Orbit CMOS are presented. RP Wintenberg, AL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00023 ER PT S AU Cremaldi, L Finocchiaro, G Gobbi, B Kwan, S Narain, M Rajagopalan, S Rubinov, P Schamberger, D Selberg, G Yu, Y AF Cremaldi, L Finocchiaro, G Gobbi, B Kwan, S Narain, M Rajagopalan, S Rubinov, P Schamberger, D Selberg, G Yu, Y BE DelGuerra, A TI Performance of MSGCs with cathode readout SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The performance of a telescope of Micro-Strip Gas Chambers (MSGC) has been studied in a beam of minimum ionizing particles. Detectors of two different pitches have been studied. The position resolutions is obtained by reading out the cathodes and interpolating based on the amplitude of the signals. The position of the hit in the chamber is found to differ systematically from the cluster centroid position. A correction method is derived from the data and applied to improve the resolution. After correction, the spatial resolution of chambers with 200 mu m pitch is found to be 42 mu m, and for the 400 mu m pitch detectors the resolution is 42 mu m. The improved interpolation for the 400 mu m pitch chamber can be understood in terms of the better signal to noise observed for the 400 mu m pitch detectors. The degradation in resolution as a function of angle of track incidence is also expected to be less for the larger pitch chambers. RP Cremaldi, L (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00047 ER PT S AU Li, Z Li, CJ Verbitskaya, E AF Li, Z Li, CJ Verbitskaya, E BE DelGuerra, A TI Study of bulk damage in high resistivity silicon detectors irradiated by high dose of Co-60 gamma-radiation SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Displacement damage (or bulk damage) induced by high dose (>200 Mrad) of gamma-radiation in high resistivity (6-10 k Omega-cm) silicon detectors has been studied. It has been found that detector bulk leakage current increases with gamma dose at a rate of 3.3x10(-7) A/cm(3)/Mrad. This damage rate of bulk leakage current originates from the introduction of generation centres and at a dose of 210 Mrad of gamma-radiation is comparable to that induced by 1x10(12) n/cm(2) of neutron radiation. Significant donor removal, about 100%, was found in detectors irradiated to 215 Mrad. Space charge sign inversion (SCSI) (or more conventional term ''type inversion'', which is a term for neutral material and should be considered as equivalent in terms of the net effective concentration) was observed in detectors irradiated to 2 215 Mrad using transient current technique (TCT). As many as six deep levels have been observed by current deep level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS). There was insignificant annealing and no reverse annealing even after elevated temperature treatment for detectors irradiated to 215 Mrad. A small amount of reverse annealing (10 to 15%) during the room temperature storage period of about 11 months for detectors irradiated to 500 Mrad has been observed. RP Li, Z (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00054 ER PT S AU Lee, DM Armijo, V Atencio, L Brooks, ML Clark, D Chen, Z Dinesh, BV Fields, DE Kinnison, WW Hart, G Matousek, H Morris, C Murray, MM Sondheim, W Wang, Y Wang, Z AF Lee, DM Armijo, V Atencio, L Brooks, ML Clark, D Chen, Z Dinesh, BV Fields, DE Kinnison, WW Hart, G Matousek, H Morris, C Murray, MM Sondheim, W Wang, Y Wang, Z BE DelGuerra, A TI Large CSC chamber for the PHENIX Muon detector with ultra thin cathode foils SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The muon tracking system for the PHENIX detector at RHIC uses cathode strip chambers(CSC) for the tracking detectors. These detectors must provide 100 mu m resolution per measurement plane to give satisfactory mass resolution of the vector mesons. The intermediate station (station 2) must have a very small radiation length, and large acceptance. We have prototyped a full scale CSC chamber to test the use of 25 micron metalized mylar foils for the cathode strips at station 2. The full scale prototype detector is a trapezoid 2.3 meters high and 2.3 meters wide. The foil and wire planes are mounted on thin 3.2 mm thick by 7.5 cm wide laminated frames and the tension of the planes is maintained by the two large 7.5 cm wide x 3.0 cm thick aluminum support frames. The total radiation length of the active region is 8.5 x 10(-4). RP Lee, DM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00060 ER PT S AU Abbott, B Angstadt, B Borcherding, F Johnson, M Martin, M AF Abbott, B Angstadt, B Borcherding, F Johnson, M Martin, M BE DelGuerra, A TI A fast, first level, R phi, hardware trigger for the DO central fiber tracker using field programmable gate arrays SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB We have developed an R phi trigger using the eight doubler layers of axial fibers in the new Central Fiber Tracker for the DO Upgrade Detector at Fermilab. This trigger must be formed in less than 500 nsec and distributed to other parts of the detector for a level 1 trigger decision. The high speed is achieved by using massively parallel AND/OR logic instanced in state-or-the-art field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs. The programmability of the FPGAs allows corrections to the track roads for the as-built detector and for dynamically changing the transverse momentum threshold. To reduce the number of fake tracks at high luminosity the narrowest possible roads must be used which pushes the total number of roads into the thousands. Monte Carlo simulations of the track trigger have been run to develop the trigger algorithms and a vendor supplied simulator has been used to develop and test the FPGA programming. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00067 ER PT S AU Baldin, B Hansen, S Los, S Matveev, M Vaniev, V AF Baldin, B Hansen, S Los, S Matveev, M Vaniev, V BE DelGuerra, A TI D0 Muon readout electronics design SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The readout electronics designed for the DO Muon Upgrade are described. These electronics serve three detector subsystems and one trigger system. The front-ends and readout hardware are synchronized by means of timing signals broadcast from the DO Trigger Framework. The front-end electronics have continuously running digitizers and two levels of buffering resulting in nearly deadtimeless operation. The raw data is corrected and formatted by 16-bit fixed point DSP processors. These processors also perform control of the data buffering. The data transfer from the front-end electronics located on the detector platform is performed by serial links running at 160 Mbit/s. The design and test results of the subsystem readout electronics and system interface are discussed. RP Baldin, B (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 341 EP 345 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00074 ER PT S AU Gramegna, G OConnor, P Rehak, P Hart, S AF Gramegna, G OConnor, P Rehak, P Hart, S BE DelGuerra, A TI Low-noise CMOS preamplifier-shaper for silicon drift detectors SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB We have designed a 16-channel preamplifier-shaper for particle tracking using silicon drift detectors (SDD). The preamplifier, which is optimized for a detector capacitance of 0.2 - 0.8 pF, uses two new circuit techniques to achieve a low noise (ENC 120 e- + 62 e-/pF), high linearity (< 0.5% to 50 fC), and good tolerance to process variations and temperature and power supply fluctuations. The circuit is continuously sensitive, has no digital signals on chip, and requires no external components or critical adjustments. The peaking time of the shaper is 50 nsec and the power dissipation, including an off-chip driver, is 6.5 mW/channel. The circuit is fabricated in 1.2 um CMOS and can accomodate detector leakage currents of up to 1.5 uA. Although the circuit was developed for use with particle tracking detectors, these techniques are also well-suited for the design of lower-noise preamplifiers for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy systems. RP Gramegna, G (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 346 EP 350 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00075 ER PT S AU Wieman, H Anderssen, E Banerjee, A Betts, W Bossingham, R Ghazikhanian, V Gong, W Greiner, D Harper, G Huang, H Hjort, E Kotchenda, L Lebedev, A Sakrejda, I Shuman, D Smith, M Sobel, A Stone, N Stringfellow, B Trainer, T Trentalange, S Wells, R AF Wieman, H Anderssen, E Banerjee, A Betts, W Bossingham, R Ghazikhanian, V Gong, W Greiner, D Harper, G Huang, H Hjort, E Kotchenda, L Lebedev, A Sakrejda, I Shuman, D Smith, M Sobel, A Stone, N Stringfellow, B Trainer, T Trentalange, S Wells, R BE DelGuerra, A TI STAR TPC at RHIC SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Design information, construction methods and testing results are given for the STAR TPC which will be installed at the BNL RHIC Collider. RP Wieman, H (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 356 EP 361 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00077 ER PT S AU Walton, JT Hong, WS Luke, PN Wang, NW Ziemba, FP AF Walton, JT Hong, WS Luke, PN Wang, NW Ziemba, FP BE DelGuerra, A TI Amorphous silicon crystalline silicon heterojunctions for nuclear radiation detector applications SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Results on the characterization of the electrical properties of amorphous silicon films for the three different growth methods, RF sputtering, PECVD, and LPCVD are reported. The performance of these a-Si films as heterojunctions on high resistivity p-type and n-type crystalline silicon is examined by measuring the noise, leakage current and the alpha particle response of 5 mm diameter detector structures. It is demonstrated that heterojunction detectors formed by RF sputtered films and PECVD films are comparable in performance with conventional surface barrier detectors. The results indicate that the a-Si/c-Si heterojunctions have the potential to greatly simplify detector fabrication. Directions for future avenues of nuclear particle detector development are indicated. RP Walton, JT (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00084 ER PT S AU Emery, MS Frank, SS Britton, CL Wintenberg, AL Simpson, ML Ericson, MN Young, GR Clonts, LG Allen, MD AF Emery, MS Frank, SS Britton, CL Wintenberg, AL Simpson, ML Ericson, MN Young, GR Clonts, LG Allen, MD BE DelGuerra, A TI A multi-channel ADC for use in the PHENIX detector SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A custom CMOS analog to digital converter was designed and a prototype 8-channel ADC ASIC was fabricated in a 1.2 mu m process. The circuit uses a Wilkinson-type architecture which is suitable for use in multi-channel applications such as the PHENIX detector. The ADC design features include a differential positive-ECL input for the high speed clock and selectable control for 11 or 12-bit conversions making it suitable for use in multiple PHENIX subsystems. Circuit topologies and ASIC layout specifics, including power consumption, maximum clock speed, INL, and DNL are discussed. The ADC performed to 11-bit accuracy. RP Emery, MS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 417 EP 420 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00090 ER PT S AU Brooks, ML Lee, DM Sondheim, W AF Brooks, ML Lee, DM Sondheim, W BE DelGuerra, A TI Alignment systems for the PHENIX muon tracking chambers SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The alignment systems required for the PHENIX muon tracking chamber system will be described. These systems include the system that has been developed to accurately electro-etch cathode strip foils with respect to external fiducial marks to a 25 mu m accuracy, as well as the system that is being developed to measure the relative alignment of three stations of chambers spanning 4.5 meters, to an accuracy of 25 mu m. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 523 EP 526 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00114 ER PT S AU Brooks, ML Lee, DM AF Brooks, ML Lee, DM BE DelGuerra, A TI Simulation of PHENIX muon cathode strip chambers SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The performance of the cathode strip chambers that will be used for the PHENIX muon tracking system has been simulated. The dependence of the chamber resolution on various chamber characteristics and incident particles will be presented along with our choice of chamber parameters. The expected resolution over the full volume will be shown to be on the order of 85 mu m. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 590 EP 594 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00129 ER PT S AU Funsten, HO Suszcynsky, DM Ritzau, SM Korde, R AF Funsten, HO Suszcynsky, DM Ritzau, SM Korde, R BE DelGuerra, A TI Response of 100% internal quantum efficiency silicon photodiodes to 200 eV to 40 keV electrons SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Electron irradiation of 100% internal quantum efficiency silicon photodiodes having a thin (60 Angstrom) SiO2 dead layer results in measured responsivities ranging from 0.056 A/W at an incident electron energy E-0=0.2 keV to 0.24 A/W at E-0=40 keV. A theoretical electron-hole pair creation energy of 3.71 eV, in close agreement with other studies, is derived using a Monte Carlo simulation of electron interactions with the photodiode over an energy range of 1 to 40 keV. Analysis of electron energy lost to processes that do not contribute to electron-hole pair creation shows that the energy lost in the SiO2 dead layer is dominant for E-0 <1.5 keV, whereas the energy removed by backscattered electrons is dominant for E-0 >1.5 keV. At E-0=300 eV, the Monte Carlo simulation results show that the electron projected range is significantly less than the dead layer thickness even though the measured response is 0.082 A/W, indicating that electron-hole pairs generated in the oxide dead layer are collected by the junction. RP Funsten, HO (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 608 EP 613 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00133 ER PT S AU Gruber, GJ Derenzo, SE AF Gruber, GJ Derenzo, SE BE DelGuerra, A TI Conceptual design of a novel instrument for producing intense pulses of 10 ps x-rays for ultra-fast fluorescence measurements SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A novel bench-top device for producing intense, fast pulses of x-rays has been designed with 10 ps fwhm (full-width half-maximum) x-ray pulse width, 120 keV maximum energy, 100 kHz repetition rate, and 1 A peak current onto the x-ray anode. The device includes three sections: (1) an electron gun that generates 5 ns wide pulses of 120 keV electrons at 100 kHz; (2) solenoidal magnetic lenses and deflection plates that focus the electrons onto an aperture plate and sweep the poised beam past the aperture, respectively; and (3) a tungsten anode onto which the post-aperture electrons are focused, producing pulses of x-rays. Using solenoidal magnetic lenses with a current density of 150 A . turns/cm(2) to focus the electron beam, a deflection plate dV/dt of 10(13) Vis is needed to achieve electron pulse widths of about 10 ps. The design process used EGUN (an electron optics and gun design program) electron trajectory simulations, including calculation of important space charge effects. When built, this instrument will be used to excite scintillator samples in crystal or powdered form, allowing fluorescent lifetimes and spectra to be measured with a microchannel PMT. The very narrow 10 ps x-ray pulse width is necessary for accurate measurements of the risetimes of very fast scintillators (e.g., BAF(2)). In addition, the large x-ray flux (1 A peak current) is advantageous when using a reflection grating monochromator to measure decay times at different wavelengths. RP Gruber, GJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 614 EP 618 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00134 ER PT S AU Schieber, M Hermon, H James, RB Lund, J Antolak, A Morse, D Kolesnikov, NN Ivanov, YN Goorsky, MS VanScyoc, JM Yoon, H Toney, J Schlesinger, TE Doty, FP Cozzatti, JPD AF Schieber, M Hermon, H James, RB Lund, J Antolak, A Morse, D Kolesnikov, NN Ivanov, YN Goorsky, MS VanScyoc, JM Yoon, H Toney, J Schlesinger, TE Doty, FP Cozzatti, JPD BE DelGuerra, A TI Mapping high pressure Bridgman Cd0.8Zn0.2Te from Russia SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Mapping of single crystals of Cd(1-x)ZnxTe (x=0.2) grown in Russia by the high pressure vertical Bridgman method, (HPVBM) under argon pressure of 2 to 10 Mpa was performed using, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) and leakage current uniformity. The crystals were more uniform in Zn composition than US produced material but had a poorer crystallinity and in the best case could only count nuclear radiation. Differences in the material properties between Russian and US; material will be described. RP Schieber, M (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 647 EP 650 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00141 ER PT S AU Hong, WS Cho, HS PerezMendez, V Kadyk, J Palaio, N AF Hong, WS Cho, HS PerezMendez, V Kadyk, J Palaio, N BE DelGuerra, A TI Gas avalanche pixel detectors SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB We describe the structure and avalanche gain of microstrip pixel detectors. Each anode is a square 20 mu m x 20 mu m in size connected to an individual pad through a plated center section. The cathodes are plated squares interconnected to a common lead. The anode squares have a pitch of 200 mu m in both x-and y- directions. The anodes and cathodes are aluminum layers deposited on amorphous silicon alloyed with carbon (a-Si:C:H) to produce a bulk resistivity of -1013 acm. Measurements on signals from a group of anodes shows an avalanche gas gain close to 10(4) at a cathode-anode potential of 640 volts using a gas mixture of 50/50 argon-ethane. The avalanche gain is a factor of 3 higher than that of a same pitch microstrip device. For out initial measurements, 16 anodes were connected together to a charge sensitive preamplifier. In a final chamber each anode would be connected to a readout a-Si:H p-i-n diode and signals read out sequentially as in flat screen devices. RP Hong, WS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 662 EP 666 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00145 ER PT S AU Wojcik, R Majewski, S Parker, FR Winfree, WP AF Wojcik, R Majewski, S Parker, FR Winfree, WP BE DelGuerra, A TI Single shot dual energy reverse geometry X-radiography (RGX) SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB High quality inexpensive dual energy X-radiographic imaging has been achieved with a totally digital X-ray system. Using Digiray's unique configuration of X-ray source, object, and X-ray detector, both the high and low energy images are acquired with a single X-ray exposure at real time rates. The images produced are nearly scatter free and are of high resolution (similar to 7 lp/mm). Combining this with the RGX's laminographic ability produces a real-time dual energy computed tomography system. RP Wojcik, R (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,JEFFERSON LAB,12000 JEFFERSON AV,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 811 EP 815 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00179 ER PT S AU Stromswold, DC Peurrung, AJ Reeder, PL Sunberg, DS AF Stromswold, DC Peurrung, AJ Reeder, PL Sunberg, DS BE DelGuerra, A TI Neutron methods for monitoring the blending of enriched UF6 gas SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Blending a highly enriched UF6 gas stream with low-enrichment material reduces the excess supply of highly enriched uranium that must be closely controlled for nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. Computer simulations and feasibility experiments show that inducing fission in U-235 provides means for monitoring the blending process. Detecting delayed fission neutrons or gamma rays after fission products drift downstream in the gas gives a measure of U-235 content and flow velocity. At very low UF6 gas pressures (5 mm Hg) where the downstream signal is too weak for use, an alternative technique based on attenuation of thermal neutrons passing through the UF6 gives a measure of U-235 content. RP Stromswold, DC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,MS P8-01,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 945 EP 949 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00210 ER PT S AU Atac, M Nalcioglu, O Roeck, WW AF Atac, M Nalcioglu, O Roeck, WW BE DelGuerra, A TI Single fiber beta detector for stereotactic biopsy and intraoperative lumpectomy of breast cancer SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB We have developed an intraoperative probe for use in early detection of breast Cancer and aiding lumpectomy. The probe consists of a small plastic scintillator, 0.8mm diameter and 3mm length, coupled to a single clear optical-fiber strand, and solid state photomultiplier. Due to the small size of the probe, it can be placed inside of a small gauge biopsy needle. The scintillator is very efficient in detecting betas and positrons while being very inefficient to energetic gammas due to its small size and law density. High quantum efficiency; 80%, and high gain obtainable, solid state photomultiplier makes the probe very low noise device in detecting beta particles. intrinsic resolution of the probe is expected to be around 1 millimeter. Preliminary results using beta sources and a rat bearing R320 adenocarcinoma tumor were very successful. RP Atac, M (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 1144 EP 1146 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00248 ER PT S AU Weisenberger, AG Bradley, EL Majewski, S Saha, MS AF Weisenberger, AG Bradley, EL Majewski, S Saha, MS BE DelGuerra, A TI Development of a novel radiation imaging detector system for in vivo gene imaging in small animal studies SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Many studies in molecular biology deal with following the expression and regulation of a gene at different stages of an organism's development or under different physiological conditions. Presently in situ hybridization and immunochemical assays are available to follow the gene expression at a single moment in time for one organism. One must sacrifice the organism to make a measurement, essentially taking a snap shot of the state of expression of the gene of interest. We have made progress on a new type of gene imaging technology which takes advantage of the emission properties of the radioisotope iodine 125 (I-125) as the probe and utilizes crystal scintillators and a position sensitive photomultiplier tube. Iodine 125 decays via electron capture emitting a 35 keV gamma-ray with the prompt emission of several 27-32 keV K alpha and K beta shell X-rays. Because of this a coincidence condition can be set to detect the I-125 decays thus reducing background radiation contribution to the image. Mouse imaging studies of iodine uptake by the thyroid and melatonin receptor binding have been done with this detector system using low doses of I-125. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,DETECTOR GRP,NEWPORT NEWS,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 1201 EP 1205 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00260 ER PT S AU Klein, GJ Reutter, BW Huesman, RH AF Klein, GJ Reutter, BW Huesman, RH BE DelGuerra, A TI Non-rigid summing of gated PET via optical flow SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A method for summing together datasets from gated cardiac PET acquisitions is described. Optical flow techniques are used to accurately model non-rigid motion present during the cardiac cycle so that a one-to-one mapping is found between each voxel of two gated volumes. Using this mapping, image summing can take place, producing a composite dataset with improved statistics and reduced motion-induced blur. Results using a data from a gated cardiac study on a dog are presented. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 1339 EP 1342 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00289 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Klein, GJ Brennan, KM Huesman, RH AF Reutter, BW Klein, GJ Brennan, KM Huesman, RH BE DelGuerra, A TI Acquisition and automated 3-D segmentation of respiratory/cardiac-gated PET transmission images SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB To evaluate the impact of respiratory motion on attenuation correction of cardiac PET data, we acquired and automatically segmented gated transmission data for a dog breathing on its own under gas anesthesia. Data were acquired for 20 min on a CTI/Siemens ECAT EXACT HR (47-slice) scanner configured for 12 gates in a static study. Two respiratory gates were obtained using data from a pneumatic bellows placed around the dog's chest, in conjunction with 6 cardiac gates from standard EKG gating. Both signals were directed to a LabVIEW-controlled Macintosh, which translated them into one of 12 gate addresses. The respiratory gating threshold was placed near end-expiration to acquire 6 cardiac-gated datasets at end-expiration and 6 cardiac-gated datasets during breaths. Breaths occurred about once every 10 sec and lasted about 1-1.5 sec. For each respiratory gate, data were summed over cardiac gates and torso and lung surfaces were segmented automatically using a differential 3-D edge detection algorithm. Three-dimensional visualizations showed that lung surfaces adjacent to the heart translated 9 mm inferiorly during breaths. Our results suggest that respiration-compensated attenuation correction is feasible with a modest amount of gated transmission data and is necessary for accurate quantitation of high-resolution gated cardiac PET data. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,A CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 1357 EP 1361 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00293 ER PT S AU Cunningham, GS Hanson, KM AF Cunningham, GS Hanson, KM BE DelGuerra, A TI Uncertainty estimation for Bayesian reconstructions from low-count SPECT data SO 1996 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM - CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference CY NOV 02-09, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB Bayesian analysis is especially useful to apply to low-count medical imaging data, such as gated cardiac SPECT, because it allows one to solve the nonlinear, ill-posed, inverse problems associated with such data. One advantage of the Bayesian approach is that it quantifies the uncertainty in estimated parameters through the posterior probability. We compare various approaches to exploring the uncertainty in Bayesian reconstructions from SPECT data including: 1) the standard estimation of the covariance of an estimator using a frequentist approach, 2) a new technique called the ''hard truth'' in which one applies ''forces'' to the parameters and observes their displacements, and 3) Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior probability distribution, which in principle provides a complete uncertainty characterization. RP Cunningham, GS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS P940,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1082-3654 BN 0-7803-3535-X J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 1997 BP 1728 EP 1732 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH59W UT WOS:A1997BH59W00368 ER PT B AU Goeckner, MJ Bennett, TK Park, J Wang, Z Cohen, SA AF Goeckner, MJ Bennett, TK Park, J Wang, Z Cohen, SA BE Cheung, KP Nakamura, M Gabriel, CT TI Reduction of residual charge in surface-neutralization-based neutral beams SO 1997 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PLASMA PROCESS-INDUCED DAMAGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Plasma Process-Induced Damage (P2ID) CY MAY 13-14, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB Hyperthermal-neutral beams have been proposed as a charge-free alternative to plasmas in select processing steps. Existing prototype sources include three generic types: gas-dynamic, ion-neutral-charge-exchange and ion-surface-neutralization beam sources. We find that in surface-neutralization type sources, which have the highest flux, residual current can still flow to the substrate. However, this charged particle flux is several orders of magnitude smaller than the hyperthermal-neutral flux. Here we discuss the source of this residual current and methods for further reductions. RP Goeckner, MJ (reprint author), PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PLASMA SCI & TECHNOL DEPT,POB 451,JAMES FORRESTAL CAMPUS,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. RI Goeckner, Matthew/A-8217-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER PI SUNNYVALE PA 150 W IOWA AVE SUITE 104, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086 BN 0-9651-5771-7 PY 1997 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BH95H UT WOS:A1997BH95H00040 ER PT S AU Binko, P AF Binko, P BE Vandoni, CE TI Object oriented databases in high energy physics SO 1997 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 CERN School of Computing CY AUG 17-30, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Org Nucl Res, Inst Phys, Prague, Charles Univ, Prague AB High Energy Physics (HEP) community in Large Hadron Collider (LHC) era is in transition phase from FORTRAN to C++ and from data streams to persistent objects. Together with it new data management will be necessary, which would allow to leave filenames and tape numbers and access data in form of objects only selecting their required physical contents. One solution is using Object Database Management Systems (ODBMS). Due to vast volumes of data in HEP, an interface between ODBMS and Mass Storage Systems (MSS) is necessary. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Binko, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-120-5 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 8 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BK34A UT WOS:000071842200002 ER PT S AU Johnston, W Larsen, C AF Johnston, W Larsen, C BE Vandoni, CE TI A use-condition centered approach to authenticated global capabilities: Security architectures for large-scale distributed collaboratory environments SO 1997 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 CERN School of Computing CY AUG 17-30, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Org Nucl Res, Inst Phys, Prague, Charles Univ, Prague AB We are developing a security model and architecture that is intended to provide general, scalable, and effective security services in open and highly distributed network environments. Our objective is to provide, especially for on-line scientific instrument systems, the same level of, and expressiveness of, access control that is available to a local human controller of information and facilities, and the same authority, delegation, individual responsibility and accountability, and expressiveness of policy that one sees in specific environments in scientific organizations. Our model is based on a public-key infrastructure and cryptographically signed certificates that encode use-conditions that are defined by those directly responsible for a resource. Certificates that encode user characteristics that satisfy the use-conditions are supplied by those who can attest to the characteristic. The collection of certificates specifying use-conditions and their satisfaction are combined with on-line (real-time) access control mechanisms to enable remote instrument operation. The real-time mechanisms are intended to provide the level and scope of credential validation commensurate with the consequences of the actions that are enabled / protected by the security system. This general approach is not unlike the directions of the financial information industry is taking to enable global distributed enterprise. One of our proposed uses of the model (supporting real-time construction of distributed computing and storage systems based on use-condition certificates) is similar to the distributed enterprise / electronic commerce capabilities envisioned by the financial industry. We also describe a prototype implementation that we are using to experiment with this model, and that is providing security services for several distributed applications.draft. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Imaging & Distributed Comp Grp, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Imaging & Distributed Comp Grp, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-120-5 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 8 BP 47 EP 71 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BK34A UT WOS:000071842200006 ER PT S AU Parvin, B Taylor, J Crowley, B Wu, L Johnston, W AF Parvin, B Taylor, J Crowley, B Wu, L Johnston, W BE Vandoni, CE TI Telepresence for in-situ experiment control SO 1997 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 CERN School of Computing CY AUG 17-30, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Org Nucl Res, Inst Phys, Prague, Charles Univ, Prague AB We present an approach for remote operation of instruments in the Internet environment. We have applied this approach to in-situ electron microscopy experiments that require dynamic interaction with the specimen under observation, as it is excited with external stimuli, i.e., temperature variation, EM field variation, etc. The dynamic operations include control of the sample's position and orientation under the electron beam, the illumination conditions and focus, etc. Remote control via wide area networks like the Internet that do not offer real time data and command delivery guarantees is not practical for the finely tuned adjustments that dynamic studies require. We suggest that an effective approach to remote operation for this class of dynamic control applications must involve automated control operations performed near the instrument in order to eliminate the wide area network real-time delivery requirement. Our approach to this problem is based on advanced computer vision algorithms that permit instrumentation adjustments to be made in response to information extracted from the video signal generated by the microscope imaging system. We have determined the type of servo loops needed to enable remote operation and collaboration, and have introduced a novel partitioning of the control architecture for implementing this approach. In this partitioning, the low frequency servo loop functions that require direct human interaction are performed over the wide area network, and those functions that require low latency control are performed locally using the automated techniques. This approach hides the latencies in the wide area network and permits effective remote operation. The result is telepresence that provides the illusion of close geographical proximity for in-situ studies. Our testbed is a 1.5 MeV transmission electron microscope, which can now be used on-line via the global Internet. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Imaging & Distributed Comp Grp, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parvin, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Imaging & Distributed Comp Grp, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-120-5 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 8 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BK34A UT WOS:000071842200007 ER PT S AU Johnston, WE Greiman, W Tierney, B Shoshani, A Tull, C AF Johnston, WE Greiman, W Tierney, B Shoshani, A Tull, C BE Vandoni, CE TI High-speed distributed data handling for high-energy and nuclear physics SO 1997 CERN SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 CERN School of Computing CY AUG 17-30, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP European Org Nucl Res, Inst Phys, Prague, Charles Univ, Prague C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnston, WE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-120-5 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 8 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Physics GA BK34A UT WOS:000071842200008 ER PT B AU Boyle, JM Resler, RD Winter, VL AF Boyle, JM Resler, RD Winter, VL GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Do you trust your compiler? Applying formal methods to constructing high-assurance compilers SO 1997 HIGH-ASSURANCE ENGINEERING WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 High-Assurance Engineering Workshop CY AUG 11-12, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Comp Soc AB This paper describes how automatic transformation technology can be used to construct a verified compiler for an imperative language. Our approach is to "transformationally" pass a source program through a series of canonical forms each of which correspond to sonic goal or objective in the compilation process (e.g., introduction of registers, simplification of expressions, etc.). We describe a denotational semantic based framework in which it is possible to verify the correctness of transformations; The correctness of the compiler follows fi om the correctness of the transformations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boyle, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-7971-9 PY 1997 BP 14 EP 24 DI 10.1109/HASE.1997.648033 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK48Z UT WOS:000072316800003 ER PT B AU Carson, RF AF Carson, RF GP IEEE TI Modular photonic power and VCSEL-based data links for aerospace and military applications SO 1997 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL ASPEN, CO SP IEEE Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB If photonic data and power transfer links are constructed in a modular fashion, they can be easily adapted into various forms to meet a wide range of needs for aerospace and military applications. The performance specifications associated with these needs can vary widely according to application. Alignment tolerance needs also tend to vary greatly, as can requirements on power consumption. An example of a modular photonic data and/or power transfer link that can be applied to military and aerospace needs is presented. In this approach, a link is designed for low (<10 kb/s) data rates, ultra-low electrical power consumption, large alignment tolerance, and power transfer to provide complete electrical shielding in a remote module that might be found in a military or aerospace application. RP Carson, RF (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 0874,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3742-5 PY 1997 BP 197 EP 210 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BH30M UT WOS:A1997BH30M00012 ER PT S AU Krumm, J AF Krumm, J GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Object detection with vector quantized binary features SO 1997 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS / CVPR, IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 97) CY JUN 17-19, 1997 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB This paper presents a new algorithm for detecting objects in images, one of the fundamental tasks of computer vision. The algorithm extends the representational efficiency of eigenimage methods to binary features, which are less sensitive to illumination changes than gray-level values normally used with eigenimages. Binary features (square subtemplates) are automatically chosen on each training image. Using features rather than whole templates makes the algorithm more robust to background clutter and partial occlusions. Instead of representing the features with real-valued eigenvector principle components, we use binary vector quantization to avoid floating point computations. The object is defected in the image using a simple geometric hash table and Hough transform. On a rest of 1000 images, the algorithm works on 99.3%. We present a theoretical analysis of the algorithm in terms of the receiver operating characteristic, which consists of the probabilities of detection and false alarm. We verify this analysis with the results of our 1000-image test, and we use the analysis as a principled way to select some of the algorithm's important operating parameters. RP Krumm, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT SYST & ROBOT CTR,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7803-4236-4 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 1997 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1109/CVPR.1997.609317 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ30G UT WOS:A1997BJ30G00028 ER PT S AU Kimmel, R Malladi, R Sochen, N AF Kimmel, R Malladi, R Sochen, N GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Images as embedding maps and minimal surfaces: Movies, color, and volumetric medical images SO 1997 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS / CVPR, IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 97) CY JUN 17-19, 1997 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB A general geometrical framework far image processing is presented. We consider intensity images as surfaces in the (x, I) space. The image is thereby a two dimensional surface in three dimensional space for gray level images. The new formulation unifies many classical schemes, algorithms, and measures via choices of parameters in a ''master'' geometrical measure. More important, it is a simple and efficient tool for the design of natural schemes for image enhancement, segmentation and scale space. Here we give the basic motivation and apply the scheme to enhance images. We present the concept of an image as a surface in dimensions higher than the three dimensional intuitive space. This will help us handle movies, color and volumetric medical images. RP Kimmel, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LBNL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7803-4236-4 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 1997 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1109/CVPR.1997.609348 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ30G UT WOS:A1997BJ30G00055 ER PT S AU Risch, SS Rex, DB Dowson, ST Walters, TB May, RA Moon, BD AF Risch, SS Rex, DB Dowson, ST Walters, TB May, RA Moon, BD GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The STARLIGHT information visualization system SO 1997 IEEE CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION, PROCEEDINGS: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISUALIZATION & GRAPHICS SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Conference on Information Visualization (IV 97) CY AUG 27-29, 1997 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP S Bank Univ, Visualizat & Graph Res Unit, IEEE AB STARLIGHT is an example of a new class of information system expressly designed around a visualization-oriented user-interface. Incorporating more traditional information storage and retrieval technologies into its design, the Starlight system also enables the integrated use of multiple, concurrent visualization techniques to support comparison of content and interrelationship information at several levels of abstraction simultaneously. This approach enables powerful new forms of information analysis, while at the same time easing cognitive workloads by providing a visual context for the information under study. Originally developed for intelligence analysis applications, the Starlight software is intended to support the rapid, concurrent analysis of complex multimedia information, including structured and unstructured text, geographic information, and digital imagery. The system uses novel 3-D visualization techniques that interactively generate easily understandable representations of explicit and implicit relationships contained in information collections of various types. This paper describes the general theory behind our approach, and the design and features of a Windows NT-based operational system. RP Risch, SS (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1093-9547 BN 0-8186-8076-8 J9 IEEE INFOR VIS PY 1997 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1109/IV.1997.626486 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJ48A UT WOS:A1997BJ48A00007 ER PT B AU Warrick, AL Delaney, PA AF Warrick, AL Delaney, PA GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Detection of linear features using a localized radon transform with a wavelet filter SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS I - V: VOL I: PLENARY, EXPERT SUMMARIES, SPECIAL, AUDIO, UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, VLSI; VOL II: SPEECH PROCESSING; VOL III: SPEECH PROCESSING, DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; VOL IV: MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, NEURAL NETWORKS - VOL V: STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 97) CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, DPG, GI, ITG, TUM AB One problem of interest to the oceanic engineering community is the detection and enhancement of internal wakes in open water synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Internal wakes, which occur when a ship travels in a stratified medium, have a ''V'' shape extending from the ship, and a chirp-like feature across each arm. The Radon transform has been applied to the detection and the enhancement problems in internal wake images to account for the linear features while the wavelet transform has been applied to the enhancement problem in internal wake images to account for the chirp-like features. In this paper, a new transform, a localized Radon transform with a wavelet filter (LRTWF), is developed which accounts for both the linear and the chirp-like features of the internal wake. This transform is then incorporated into optimal and sub-optimal detection schemes for images (with these features) which are contaminated by additive Gaussian noise. RP Warrick, AL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,IMAGING & DETECT PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7920-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1997 BP 2769 EP 2772 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BH95E UT WOS:A1997BH95E00694 ER PT B AU Simpson, ML Rochelle, JM Alley, GT Blalock, TV Britton, CL Bouldin, DW Bryan, WL Gonzalez, RC Ericson, MN Paulus, MJ Kennedy, EJ Smith, SF Roberts, MJ Wintenberg, AL AF Simpson, ML Rochelle, JM Alley, GT Blalock, TV Britton, CL Bouldin, DW Bryan, WL Gonzalez, RC Ericson, MN Paulus, MJ Kennedy, EJ Smith, SF Roberts, MJ Wintenberg, AL GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The University of Tennessee Oak Ridge National Laboratory joint program in mixed-signal VLSI and monolithic sensors SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC SYSTEMS EDUCATION - MSE'97, PROCEEDINGS: DOING MORE WITH LESS IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education (MSE 97) - Doing More with Less in a Rapidly Changing Environment CY JUL 21-23, 1997 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Design Automat, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Test Technol, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm VLSI, Assoc Comp Machinery, Amer Soc Engn Educ, Natl Sci Fdn, Semiconductor Res Corp AB The University of Tennessee (UT) and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have formed a cooperative joint program in mixed-signal VLSI and monolithic sensors. The intent of the program is to have a larger research and educational impact jointly than either institution could have alone. The joint program consists of joint facilities, joint research, an undergraduate intern program and a graduate program. In addition, ORNL and UT are sharing research staff and student research assistants. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7996-4 PY 1997 BP 34 EP 35 DI 10.1109/MSE.1997.612536 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BJ30F UT WOS:A1997BJ30F00015 ER PT B AU Kangas, LJ Keller, PE Cadwell, CM Webber, R Pierce, P Edmonds, HL AF Kangas, LJ Keller, PE Cadwell, CM Webber, R Pierce, P Edmonds, HL GP IEEE TI Neurometric assessment of adequacy of intraoperative anesthetic SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN 97) CY JUN 09-12, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB A method is described to assess depth and trend of anesthesia from EEG signals during general anesthesia by using supervised artificial neural networks. An artificial neural network is trained to recognize the spectral differences in the EEG signals between an awake and an anesthetized patient. RP Kangas, LJ (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,K1-87,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4123-6 PY 1997 BP 2475 EP 2479 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ42Y UT WOS:A1997BJ42Y00470 ER PT S AU Love, L Kress, R Bills, K AF Love, L Kress, R Bills, K GP IEEE TI Simulation tools for robotic and teleoperated hazardous waste removal SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB The primary mission of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ONRL) during World War II was the processing of pure plutonium metal in support of the Manhattan Project. Between 1943 and 1951, the Gunite and Associated Tanks (GAAT) at ORNL were built to collect, neutralize, and store the radioactive by-products. Currently, twelve gunite tanks and four stainless steel tanks are located on the ORNL complex. These tanks hold approximately 75,000 gal of radioactive sludge and solids and over 350,000 gal of liquid. Characterization studies of these tanks in 1994 indicated that the structural integrity of some of the tanks is questionable. Subsequently, there is presently an aggressive program directed towards the remediation and relocation of waste stored in the ORNL tanks. A number of factors complicate the remediation process. The material store in these tanks ranges from liquid to sludge and solid and is composed of organic materials, heavy metals, and radionuclides. The tanks, which range from 12 to 50 ft in diameter, are located below ground and in the middle of the ORNL complex. The only access to these tanks is through one of three access ports that are either 12 or 24 in. in diameter.(1) These characteristics provide a daunting challenge: How can material be safely removed from such a confined structure? This paper describes the existing strategy and hardware presently used in the remediation process. This is followed by a description of an integrated hardware system model. This investigation has isolated a few key areas where further work is needed. RP Love, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00011 ER PT S AU Barry, RE Jones, JP Little, CQ Wilson, CW AF Barry, RE Jones, JP Little, CQ Wilson, CW GP IEEE TI Rapid world modelling from a mobile platform SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB The ability to successfully use and interact with a computerized world model is dependent on the ability to create are accurate world model, The goal af this project was to develop a prototype system to remotely deploy sensors into a workspace, collect surface information, and rapidly build an accurate world model of that workspace, A key consideration was that the workspace areas are typically hazardous environments, where it is difficult or impossible for humans to enter, Therefore, the system needed to be fully remote, with no external connections. To accomplish this goal, an electric, mobile platform with battery power sufficient for both the platform. and sensor electronics was procured and 3D range sensors were deployed on the platform to capture surface data within the workspace. A radio Ethernet connection was used to provide communications to the vehicle and all on-board electronics, Video from on-board cameras was also transmitted to the base station and used to teleoperate the vehicle. Range data generated by the on-board 3D sensors was transformed into surface maps, or models. Registering the sensor location to a consistent reference frame as the platform moved through the workspace allowed construction of a detailed 3D world model of the extended workspace. RP Barry, RE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00012 ER PT S AU Kaufman, SG Spletzer, BL Guess, TL AF Kaufman, SG Spletzer, BL Guess, TL GP IEEE TI Freeform fabrication of polymer-matrix composite structures SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB We have developed, prototyped, and demonstrated the feasibility of a novel robotic technique for rapid fabrication of composite structures. Its chief innovation is that, unlike all other available fabrication methods, it does not require a mold. Instead, the structure is built patch by patch, using a rapidly reconfigurable forming surface, and a robot to position the evolving part. Both of these components are programmable, so only the control software needs to be changed to produce a new shape. Hence it should be possible to automatically program the system to produce a shape directly from an electronic model of it. It is therefore likely that the method will enable faster and less expensive fabrication of composites. RP Kaufman, SG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT SYST & ROBOT CTR,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00051 ER PT S AU Drotning, W Kimberly, H Wapman, W Darras, D Homan, D Johnson, P Kast, B Kuhlmann, J Lennox, RC Montoya, C AF Drotning, W Kimberly, H Wapman, W Darras, D Homan, D Johnson, P Kast, B Kuhlmann, J Lennox, RC Montoya, C GP IEEE TI A sensor-based automation system for handling nuclear materials SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB An automated system is being developed for handling large payloads of radioactive nuclear materials in an analytical laboratory. The automation system performs unpacking and repacking of payloads from shipping and storage containers, and delivery of the payloads to the stations in the laboratory, The system uses machine vision and force/torque sensing to provide sensor-based control of the automation system in order to enhance system safety, flexibility, and robustness, and achieve easy remote operation. The automation system also controls the operation of the laboratory measurement systems and the coordination of them with the robotic system. Particular attention has been given to system design features and analytical methods that provide an enhanced level of operational safety. Independent mechanical gripper interlock and tool release mechanisms were designed to prevent payload mishandling. An extensive Failure Modes and Effects Analysis of the automation system was developed as a safety design analysis tool. RP Drotning, W (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT SYST & ROBOT CTR,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 352 EP 358 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00057 ER PT S AU McDonald, MJ Small, DE Graves, CC Cannon, D AF McDonald, MJ Small, DE Graves, CC Cannon, D GP IEEE TI Virtual collaborative control to improve intelligent robotic system efficiency and quality SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Virtual Collaborative Environments allow designers to interact over a network to discuss technical issues and solve problems in shared virtual scenes. This paper describes applications of this concept in Virtual Collaborative Engineering (VCE) and Virtual Collaborative Visualization (VCV). It then introduces Virtual Collaborative Control (VCC), a new systems approach that uses Virtual Collaborative Environments to improve equipment utilization in unstructured and dynamic environments, A working VCC system, developed by Sandia National Laboratories and the Pennsylvania State University that extends the techniques of collaborative design and visualization to accomplish collaborative control of robots and machines, is described, New VCC utilization and quality-improving system design principals are proposed. The new principles are verified through a series of pilot tests conducted on four VCC configurations. A factor of two and better utilization improvements and better decision-making quality are achieved. The new VCC capability will enable geographically dispersed experts to participate more fully in custom operations such as in manufacturing, hazardous waste remediation, and space telerobotics. RP McDonald, MJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT SYST & ROBOT CTR,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 418 EP 424 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00067 ER PT S AU Kress, R Love, L Dubey, R Gizelar, A AF Kress, R Love, L Dubey, R Gizelar, A GP IEEE TI Waste tank cleanup manipulator modelling and control SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Waste tank Cleanup is a current application area for robotics in the United States, As a result of lank access restrictions, (e.g., limited number and size of manholes), designs for several current waste Cleanup manipulator systems have long links with small cross-sections and variable lengths, In addition, as a result of anticipated payload capacity, these manipulator designs are hydraulically actuated. Many robotic manipulators contain links that significantly flexible such that special considerations need be taken for acceptable motion control. Algorithms for control of flexible link manipulators have been under development for many years; however, most past approaches consider the flexible members to be of a fixed length. Variable length flexible links cause the fundamental natural frequency of the link to vary during motion. The addition of hydraulic actuation also complicates the development of high-performance controllers because of the nonlinear behavior of hydraulic systems. This paper takes two approaches to investigating the problem of the control of manipulators having variable-length flexible links and hydraulic actuators. First, a simulation of a hydraulically actuated, 2-Degree-of-Freedom (DOF), polar (r-Theta), manipulates with one flexible link is used to illustrate the problem of applying controllers successfully developed for hydraulically actuated, fixed-length flexible manipulators to hydraulically-actuated, variable-length systems, Second, based upon the simulation results, simple controller modifications are proposed and are shown to work on a full-scale experimental test bed, Motion control of hydraulically actuated, variable-length, flexible-link manipulators is the focus of this paper. RP Kress, R (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 662 EP 668 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00106 ER PT S AU Love, L Kress, R Jansen, J AF Love, L Kress, R Jansen, J GP IEEE TI Modeling and control of a hydraulically actuated flexible-prismatic link robot SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Most of the research related to flexible link manipulators to date has focused on single link, fixed length, single plane of vibration test beds. In addition, actuation has been predominately based upon electromagnetic motors. Ironically, these elements are rarely found in the existing industrial long reach systems. This manuscript describes a new hydraulically actuated, long reach manipulator with a flexible prismatic link at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Focus is directed towards both modeling and control of hydraulic actuators as well as flexible link that have variable natural frequencies. RP Love, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 669 EP 675 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00107 ER PT S AU Jones, RE Wilson, RH Calton, TL AF Jones, RE Wilson, RH Calton, TL GP IEEE TI Constraint-based interactive assembly planning SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Constraints on assembly plans vary depending on product, assembly facility, assembly volume, and many other factors. This paper describes the principles and implementation of a framework that supports a wide variety of user-specified constraints for interactive assembly planning. Constraints from many sources can be expressed on a sequencing level, specifying orders and conditions on part mating operations in a number of ways. All constraints are implemented as filters that either accept or reject assembly operations proposed by the planner. For efficiency, some constraints are supplemented with special-purpose modifications to the planner's algorithms. Fast replanning enables a natural plan-view-constrain-replan cycle that aids in constraint discovery and documentation. We describe an implementation of the framework in a computer-aided assembly planning system and experiments applying the system to several complex assemblies. RP Jones, RE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT SYST & ROBOT CTR,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 913 EP 920 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00144 ER PT S AU Anderson, RJ AF Anderson, RJ GP IEEE TI A modular approach to redundant robot control SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB This paper describes a modular approach for computing redundant robot kinematics. First some conventional redundant control methods are presented and shown to be ''passive control laws'', i.e. they can be represented by a network consisting of passive elements. These networks are then put into modular form by applying scattering operator techniques. Additional subnetwork modules can then be added to further shape the motion. Modules for obstacle detection, joint limit avoidance, proximity sensing, and for imposing nonlinear velocity constraints are presented, The resulting redundant robot control system is modular, flexible and robust. RP Anderson, RJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 1176,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 1060 EP 1066 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00168 ER PT S AU Xavier, PG AF Xavier, PG GP IEEE TI Fast swept-volume distance for robust collision detection SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB The need for collision detection arises in several. robotics areas, including motion-planning, online collision avoidance, and simulation. At the heart of most current methods are algorithms for interference detection and/or distance computation. A few recent. algorithms and implementations are very fast, but to use them for accurate collision detection, very small step sizes can be necessary, reducing their effective efficiency. We present a fast, implemented technique for doing exact distance computation and interference detection for translationally-swept bodies. For rotationally swept bodies, we adapt fbis technique to improve accuracy, for any given step size, in distance computation and interference detection. We present preliminary experiments that show that the combination of basic and swept-body calculations holds much promise for faster accurate collision detection. RP Xavier, PG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 1162 EP 1169 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00184 ER PT S AU Watterberg, P Xavier, P Hwang, Y AF Watterberg, P Xavier, P Hwang, Y GP IEEE TI Path planning for everyday robotics with SANDROS SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB We discuss the integration of the SANDROS path planner into a general robot simulation and control package with the inclusion of a fast geometry engine for distance calculations. This creates a single system that allows the path to be computed, simulated, and then executed on the physical robot. The architecture and usage procedures are presented. Also, we present examples of its usage in typical environments found in our organization. The resulting system is as easy to use as the general simulation system (which is in common use here) and is fast enough (example problems are solved in seconds) to be used interactively on an everyday basis. RP Watterberg, P (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 1170 EP 1175 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00185 ER PT S AU Kwok, KS Loucks, CS Driessen, BJ AF Kwok, KS Loucks, CS Driessen, BJ GP IEEE TI Automatic tool path generation for finish machining SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB A system for automatic tool path generation was developed at Sandia National Laboratories for finish machining operations. The system consists of a commercially available 5-axis milling machine controlled by Sandia developed software. This system was used to remove overspray on cast turbine blades. A laser-based, structured-light sensor, mounted on a tool holder, is used to collect 3D data points around the surface of the turbine blade. Using the digitized model of the blade, a tool path is generated which will drive a 0.375 '' CBN grinding pin around the tip of the blade. A fuzzified digital filter was developed to properly eliminate false sensor readings caused by burrs, holes and overspray. The digital filter was found to successfully generate the correct tool path for a blade with intentionally scanned holes and defects. The fuzzified filter improved the computation efficiency by a factor of 25. For application to general parts, an adaptive scanning algorithm was developed and presented with simulation results. A right pyramid and an ellipsoid were scanned successfully with the adaptive algorithm. RP Kwok, KS (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 1229 EP 1234 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00194 ER PT S AU Krumm, J AF Krumm, J GP IEEE TI Vector quantized binary features for visual pose measurement SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Visual pose measurement computes the translation and orientation of an object based on an image. The problem is made difficult by background clutter, partial occlusions, and illumination variations. This paper presents a solution to these problems with a new algorithm for planar, visual pose measurement based on compressed, binary subtemplates. For a given object, we take a sequence of training images as the object rotates. On each training image, we detect binary edges and pick binary edge subtemplates as features to model the object. These features are compressed using the Lloyd algorithm, a conventional image compression technique. We detect the object in an image using a Hough transform. We demonstrate the algorithm on images with background clutter, partial occlusions, and illumination variations. RP Krumm, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT SYST & ROBOT CTR,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 1645 EP 1650 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00261 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV GP IEEE TI Nadaraya-Watson estimator for sensor fusion problems SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB In a system of N sensors, the sensor S-j, j = 1, 2 ..., N, outputs Y-(j) is an element of [0, 1], according to an unknown probability density p(j)(Y-(j)\X), corresponding to input X is an element of [0, 1]. A training n-sample (X-1,Y-1), (X-2,Y-2), ..., (X-n,Y-n) is given where Y-i = (Y-i((1)), Y-i((2)), ..., Y-i((N))) such that Y-i((j)) is the output of S-j in response to input X-i. The problem is to estimate a fusion rule f : [0,1](N) --> [0,1], based on the sample, such that the expected square error, I(f), is minimized over a family of functions F with uniformly bounded modulus of smoothness. Let f* minimize I(.) over F; f* cannot be computed since the underlying densities are unknown. We estimate the sample size sufficient to ensure that Nadaraya-Watson estimator (f) over cap satisfies P[I((f) over cap) - I(f*) > epsilon] < delta for epsilon > 0 and delta, 0 < delta < 1. We apply this method to the problem of detecting a door by a mobile robot equipped with arrays of ultrasonic and infrared sensors. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENGN SYST ADV RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2069 EP 2074 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00329 ER PT S AU Parker, LE Emmons, BA AF Parker, LE Emmons, BA GP IEEE TI Cooperative multi-robot observation of multiple moving targets SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB An important issue that arises in the automation of many security, surveillance, and reconnaissance tasks is that of monitoring, or observing, the movements of targets navigating in a bounded area of interest, A key research issue in these problems is that of sensor placement - determining where sensors should be located to maintain the targets in view, In complex applications of this type, the use of multiple sensors dynamically moving over time is required. In this paper, we investigate the use of a, cooperative team of autonomous sensor-based robots for multi-robot observation of multiple moving targets. We focus primarily on developing the distributed control strategies that allow the robot team to attempt to maximize the collective time during which each object is being observed by at least one robot in the area of interest. Our initial efforts in this problem address the aspects of distributed control in homogeneous robot teams with equivalent sensing and movement capabilities working in an uncluttered, bounded area. This paper first formalizes the problem, discusses related work, and then shows that this problem is NP-hard. We then present a distributed approximate approach to solving this problem that combines low-level multi-robot control with higher-level control, The low-level control is described in terms of force fields emanating from the targets and the robots. The higher level control is presented in the ALLIANCE formalism, which provides mechanisms for fault tolerant cooperative control, and allows robot team members to adjust, their low-level actions based upon the actions of their teammates. We then present the results of the implementation of portions of our approach, both in simulation and on physical robots. RP Parker, LE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENGN SYST ADV RES,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2082 EP 2089 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00331 ER PT S AU Brown, RG Brost, RC AF Brown, RG Brost, RC GP IEEE TI A 3-d modular gripper design tool SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Modular fixturing kits are sets of components used for flexible, rapid construction of fixtures. A modular wise is a parallel-jaw vise, each jaw of which is a modular fixture plate with a regular grid of precisely positioned holes. To fixture a part, one places pins in some of the holes so that when the vise is closed, the part is reliably located and completely constrained. The modular vise concept can be adapted easily to the design of modular parallel-jaw grippers for robots. By attaching a grid-plate to each jaw of a parallel-jaw gripper, we gain the ability to easily construct high-quality grasps for a wide variety of parts from a standard set of hardware. Wallack and Canny [16] developed an algorithm for planning planar grasp configurations for the modular vise. In this paper, we expand this work to produce a 3-d fixture/gripper design tool. We describe several analyses we have added to the planar algorithm, including a 3-d grasp quality metric based on force information, 3-d geometric loading analysis, and inter-gripper interference analysis. Finally, we describe two applications of our code. One of these is an internal application at Sandia, while the other shows a potential use of our code for designing pert of an agile assembly line. RP Brown, RG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2332 EP 2339 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00370 ER PT S AU Feddema, JT Little, CQ AF Feddema, JT Little, CQ GP IEEE TI Rapid world modeling: Fitting range data to geometric primitives SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB World modeling is defined as the process of creating a numerical geometric model of a real world environment or workspace. This model is often used in robotics to plan robot motions which perform a task while avoiding obstacles. In many applications where the world model does not exist ahead of time, structured lighting, laser range finders, and even acoustical sensors have been used to create three dimensional maps of the environment. These maps consist of thousands of range points which are difficult to handle and interpret. This paper presents a least squares technique for fitting range data to planar and quadric surfaces, including cylinders and ellipsoids. Once fit to these primitive surfaces, the amount of data associated with a surface is greatly reduced up to three orders of magnitude, thus allowing for more rapid handling and analysis of world data. RP Feddema, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 1003,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2807 EP 2812 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00445 ER PT S AU Lew, JY AF Lew, JY GP IEEE TI Contact control of flexible micro/macro-manipulators SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Contact force control of a long-reach micro/macramanipulator, in which the macro-manipulator is flexible, is discussed in this paper, The proposed contact force control algorithm smooths the manipulator's transition from a Free-space, motion to contact with an unknown environment. Using a force sensor at the wrist and a strain measurement at the flexible link, the micro-manipulator regulates the contact Force to a desired value without causing contact instability, Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in an industrial hydraulic manipulator testbed. RP Lew, JY (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2850 EP 2855 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00452 ER PT S AU Pin, FG Hacker, CJ Gower, KB Morgansen, KA AF Pin, FG Hacker, CJ Gower, KB Morgansen, KA GP IEEE TI Including a non-holonomic constraint in the FSP (Full Space Parametrization) method for mobile manipulators' motion planning SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION - PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA97) - Teaming to Make an Impact CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB The efficient utilization of the motion capabilities of mobile manipulators, i.e., manipulators mounted on mobile platforms, requires the resolution of the kinematically redundant system formed by the addition of the degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the platform to those of the manipulator. At the velocity level, the linearized Jacobian equation for such a redundant system represents an underspecified system of algebraic equations, which can be subject to a set of constraints such as obstacles in the workspace and various limits on the joint motions. A method, which we named the FSP (Full Space Parameterization), has recently been developed to resolve such underspecified systems with constraints that may vary in rime and in number during a single trajectory. The application of the method to motion planning problems with obstacle and joint limit avoidance was discussed in some of our previous work. In this payer, we present the treatment in the FSP of a non-holonomic constraint on the platform motion, and give corresponding analytical solutions for resolving the redundancy with a general optimization criterion. Comparative trajectories involving a 10 d.o.f. mobile manipulator testbed moving with and without a non-holonomic constraint for the platform motion, are presented to illustrate the use and efficiency of the FSP approach in motion planning problems ibr highly kinematically redundant and constrained systems. RP Pin, FG (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,ROBOT & PROC SYST DIV,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-3613-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 1997 BP 2914 EP 2919 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ42X UT WOS:A1997BJ42X00462 ER PT B AU Monroe, DK Swanson, SE AF Monroe, DK Swanson, SE GP IEEE TI Automated analysis of MOS-C relaxation time for WLR testing SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop CY OCT 13-16, 1997 CL STANFORD SIERRA CAMP, LAKE TAHOE, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc HO STANFORD SIERRA CAMP C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Reliabil Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Monroe, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Reliabil Phys Dept, POB 5800,Org 1276,MS-1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4205-4 PY 1997 BP 128 EP 129 DI 10.1109/IRWS.1997.660303 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK65J UT WOS:000072959700029 ER PT B AU Campbell, AN Peterson, KA Fleetwood, DM Soden, JM AF Campbell, AN Peterson, KA Fleetwood, DM Soden, JM GP IEEE TI Effects of focused ion beam irradiation on MOS transistors SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 35TH ANNUAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 08-10, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc AB The effects of irradiation from a focused ion beam (FIB) system on MOS transistors are reported systematically for the first time. Three MOS transistor technologies, with 0.5, 1, and 3 mu m minimum feature sizes and with gate oxide thicknesses ranging from 11 to 50 nm, were analyzed. Significant shifts in transistor parameters (such as threshold voltage, transconductance, and mobility) were observed following irradiation with a 30 keV Ga+ focused ion beam with ion doses varying by over 5 orders of magnitude. The apparent damage mechanism (which involved the creation of interface traps, oxide trapped charge, or both) and extent of damage were different for each of the three technologies investigated. RP Campbell, AN (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,FAILURE ANAL DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3576-7 PY 1997 BP 72 EP 81 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584241 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BH63P UT WOS:A1997BH63P00011 ER PT B AU Barton, DL Osinski, M Perlin, P Helms, CJ Berg, NH AF Barton, DL Osinski, M Perlin, P Helms, CJ Berg, NH GP IEEE TI Life tests and failure mechanisms of GaN/AlGaN/InGaN light emitting diodes SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 35TH ANNUAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 08-10, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc RP Barton, DL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3576-7 PY 1997 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.1997.584273 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BH63P UT WOS:A1997BH63P00043 ER PT B AU Hwang, YK Cho, KR Hong, YS Kim, MS Lee, CW Song, JB AF Hwang, YK Cho, KR Hong, YS Kim, MS Lee, CW Song, JB GP IEEE TI Motion planning of eye, hand and body of humanoid robot SO 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ASSEMBLY AND TASK PLANNING (ISATP'97) - TOWARDS FLEXIBLE AND AGILE ASSEMBLY AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning (ISATP 97) - Towards Flexible and Agile Assembly and Manufacturing CY AUG 07-09, 1997 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc, CIRP, Int Inst Prod Engn Res, LG Ind Syst Co Ltd, Samsung Electr Co Ltd AB This paper presents an algorithm for planning the motions of a sensor and a manipulator that are kinematically connected. Humanoid robots or other service robots have a vision system and one or two arms, and they are usually mounted on a single body. Given a task to be performed, the robot needs to plan a short, collision-free motion for the arm while placing the camera for optimal viewing conditions so the task progress can be monitored. Since they are kinematically connected, motion of the camera affects the motion of the arm, or the arm may block the view of the camera. Our algorithm plans the body posture, camera motion and the manipulator motion that allows occlusion-free viewing of a target point and placement of the hand at a target hand location. It uses robot's kinematic redundancy to avoid collisions and occlusion of the view point. Since the ensemble of the camera actuator and the manipulator has many joints, the search is performed in the world space rather than in the high-dimensional joint space. The global nature of our search algorithm enables finding a solution in most practical cases. RP Hwang, YK (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3820-0 PY 1997 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BJ48X UT WOS:A1997BJ48X00039 ER PT S AU Hietala, VM Lear, KL Armendariz, MG Tigges, CP Hou, HQ Zolper, JC AF Hietala, VM Lear, KL Armendariz, MG Tigges, CP Hou, HQ Zolper, JC BE Koepf, GA Jelks, C Huebner, D Donovan, JJ TI Electrical characterization and application of very high speed Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) SO 1997 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS I-III: HIGH FREQUENCIES IN HIGH PLACES SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual IEEE MTT-Society International Microwave Symposium (IMS) at 1997 Microwave Week CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE MTT Soc AB Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) offer many benefits over conventional edge-emitting lasers including economical microelectronic batch processing, easy extension to 2-D arrays, and of interest here, very large intrinsic bandwidths due to reduced cavity volume. Results of electrical characterization of a 19 GHz bandwidth 850 nm VCSEL are presented. Small-signal characterization and modeling of the frequency response and device impedance is presented. Large signal performance is studied using two-tone RF and high-speed digital measurements. Appropriate drive conditions for high-speed digital applications are demonstrated. RP Hietala, VM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-3814-6 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1997 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BH95V UT WOS:A1997BH95V00081 ER PT S AU Luo, Y AF Luo, Y GP IEEE TI MPI performance study on the SGI Origin 2000 SO 1997 IEEE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1 AND 2: PACRIM 10 YEARS - 1987-1997 SE IEEE PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing CY AUG 20-22, 1997 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP IEEE Canada, Reg 7, IEEE Victoria Sect, Univ Victoria AB The SGI Origin2000 is a MIPS R10000 based distributed shared memory (DSM) multiprocessor machine. This paper presents detailed performance analysis of the MPI implementation on this DSM system. Based on the measured performance data for inter-processor communication (IPC), this paper describes a model for the IPC performance behavior. In addition, the performance for collective communication such as broadcast/reduction and gather/scatter is discussed. The performance impact of data moving distance and network contention on this machine is also addressed in this paper. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CIC-19,MAIL STOP B256,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0893-4266 BN 0-7803-3906-1 J9 IEEE PACIF PY 1997 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ58F UT WOS:A1997BJ58F00064 ER PT B AU Hash, GL Shaneyfelt, MR Sexton, FW Winokur, PS AF Hash, GL Shaneyfelt, MR Sexton, FW Winokur, PS GP IEEE TI Radiation hardness assurance categories for COTS technologies SO 1997 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP, WORKSHOP RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop / IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 24, 1997 CL SNOWMASS VILLAGE, CO SP IEEE Nuclear & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE AB A comparison of the radiation tolerance of three commercial and one radiation hardened SRAM is presented for Total dose, dose rate, and single event effects environments. The devices are categorized according to radiation hardness within each environment and the necessity of considering all applicable environments is enforced. Burn-in effects on radiation hardness are shown for each of the environments. RP Hash, GL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4061-2 PY 1997 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1109/REDW.1997.629794 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK02A UT WOS:A1997BK02A00005 ER PT S AU Ruppel, F Wysor, W AF Ruppel, F Wysor, W GP IEEE TI Potential benefits of using commercial simulators to test equipment control systems SO 1997 IEEE/SEMI ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP - ASMC 97 PROCEEDINGS: THEME - THE QUEST FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EXCELLENCE: LEADING THE CHARGE INTO THE 21ST CENTURY SE ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (ASMC 97) CY SEP 10-12, 1997 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE components Pkg & Mfg Technol Soc AB Motivation is given for a technique to more thoroughly test semiconductor equipment control systems. A description is given of a simulator-based control system testing technique. Potential benefits that could be realized by using this technique in the semiconductor industry as well as benefits documented by using this technique in other industries are described. Specific requirements for using the technique in the semiconductor industry are outlined. A summary of a survey of nine commercial simulation systems is given. Finally, the outcome of the survey is compared with the requirements for using the technique. RP Ruppel, F (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1078-8743 BN 0-7803-4050-7 J9 ASMC PROC PY 1997 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1109/ASMC.1997.630733 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ58G UT WOS:A1997BJ58G00039 ER PT S AU Crawford, MH Choquette, KD Hickman, RJ Geib, KM AF Crawford, MH Choquette, KD Hickman, RJ Geib, KM GP IEEE TI InAlGaP vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs): Processing and performance SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM 97) CY MAY 11-15, 1997 CL HYANNIS, MA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Epichem, AIXTRON, Epitaxial Prod Inc AB (AlyGa(1-y))(1-x)InxP semiconductor alloys lattice-matched to GaAs are widely used in visible optoelectronic devices. One of the most recent developments in this area is the AlGaInP-based red vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) [1,2]. These lasers, which employ AlGaInP active regions and AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), have demonstrated continuous-wave (CW) lasing over the 630-690 nm region of the spectrum [2,3]. Applications for these lasers include plastic fiber data communications, laser printing and bar code scanning. In this paper, we present an overview of recent developments in the processing and performance of AlGaInP based VCSELs. This overview will include a review of the general heterostructure designs that have been employed, as well as the performance of lasers fabricated by both ion implantation and selective oxidation. RP Crawford, MH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-3899-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 1997 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.1997.600021 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH95K UT WOS:A1997BH95K00008 ER PT S AU Wolk, JA Iseler, G Bryant, GG BourretCourchesne, ED Bliss, DF AF Wolk, JA Iseler, G Bryant, GG BourretCourchesne, ED Bliss, DF GP IEEE TI Annealing behavior of the hydrogen-related defect in LEC indium phosphide SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS - INDIUM PHOSPHIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials (IPRM 97) CY MAY 11-15, 1997 CL HYANNIS, MA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Epichem, AIXTRON, Epitaxial Prod Inc AB In the quest for semi-insulating undoped InP material, we have investigated the role of hydrogen in reducing free electron concentrations by the process of high temperature annealing. Hydrogen has previously been shown to form the defect V-In-H-4 in InP, and it has been suggested that this defect acts a donor. In order to elucidate the effect of H on the electrical properties of InP, we have performed annealing experiments on both undoped and Fe doped crystals, Samples were annealed at 900 degrees C for 3 days with a phosphorus overpressure of 5 atmospheres. The samples were studied using infrared absorption spectroscopy, which can be used as a direct measure of the concentration of both the Fe impurities and V-In-H-4 defects, and Hall effect, In the undoped samples, annealing results in a reduction of the electron concentration accompanied by an increase in the 77 K mobility. Due to the observed increase in the mobility of the samples, it is apparent that this decrease is not due simply to a change in the concentration of compensating accepters. In the Fe-doped samples, a decrease in the ratio [Fe2+]/[Fe3+] is observed after annealing, again indicating a reduction in the number of donors in the sample. In all samples, the changes in the donor concentration upon annealing are accompanied by the complete disappearance of the LVM peak due to V-In-H-4. Taken together, these results confirm the role of hydrogen in the reduction of free carriers during the annealing of bulk InP material. RP Wolk, JA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1092-8669 BN 0-7803-3899-5 J9 CONF P INDIUM PHOSPH PY 1997 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1109/ICIPRM.1997.600180 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH95K UT WOS:A1997BH95K00107 ER PT B AU Malba, V Liberman, V Bernhardt, AF AF Malba, V Liberman, V Bernhardt, AF GP IEEE TI Fabrication of a DRAM cube using a novel laser patterned 3-D interconnect process SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTICHIP MODULES - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Multichip Modules CY APR 02-04, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP IEPS, ISHM, IEEE, SEMI, PCMCIA Assoc, IPC DE laser patterning; vapor deposited polyimide; memory stacks; 3D packaging AB A new process is described for producing metal interconnect on three dimensional surfaces. The process makes use of a laser to expose an electrophoretic photoresist which is conformally plated onto a thin metal seed layer that covets the various surfaces. After resist exposure and development, copper, nickel, and gold are plated onto the seed layer through the resist mask. Finally, the residual resist and seed layer are removed leaving conformally plated metal traces. Tile process has been applied to the reroute of the I/O pads of DRAM chips to form new pads on one of the long sidewalls of the bare die. Die are stacked and bonded and pads are arranged so that data lines and some control lines in a stack are staggered while address, power, ground, and some control lines are positioned identically. This architecture permits bonding of the stack to a single sided flex tape using an anisotropically conducting adhesive. The flex is bonded to a circuit board to complete the assembly. The DRAM stack fabrication and attachment process is relatively simple and may be attractive for high density 3D packaging for consumer electronics. RP Malba, V (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,M-S L-271,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3787-5 PY 1997 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1109/ICMCM.1997.581166 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BH58X UT WOS:A1997BH58X00029 ER PT B AU Novack, SD Siu, NO Hill, SG AF Novack, SD Siu, NO Hill, SG GP API TI The use of event trees in oil spill prevention applications SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL CONFERENCE: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Oil Spill Conference - Improving Environmental Protection CY APR 07-10, 1997 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP US Coast Guard, US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, Int Petr Ind Environm Conservat Assoc, Int Maritime Org AB This paper investigates the applicability of event tree analysis, a method for identifying and analyzing potential accident scenarios, to the problem of oil spill prevention. It is shown that when a generic set of safety functions (identified from an analysis of 10 oil spill case studies) is used, event trees do provide an accurate and useful representation of the sequences of events leading Icp to and following an oil spill. Possible insights resulting from an event tree analysis and particular insights from the case studies are discussed. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Novack, SD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PETROLEUM INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 L STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 527 EP 534 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK72X UT WOS:000073241400079 ER PT B AU Hernandez, CL Hosking, FM Vianco, PT AF Hernandez, CL Hosking, FM Vianco, PT GP INT MICROELECTR & PKG SOC TI Development of a hybrid microcircuit test vehicle for surface mount applications SO 1997 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Symposium on Microelectronics CY OCT 14-16, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Int Microelectr & Pkg Soc DE surface mount technology; hybrids; test vehicle; solder reflow AB The technology drivers of the electronics industry continue to be systems miniaturization and reliability, in addition to addressing a variety of important environmental concerns. Surface mount technology (SMT) has evolved in response to these issues. Prototype hybrid test vehicles have been developed at Sandia National Laboratories to evaluate three lead-free solders for Au-Pt-Pd thick film soldering. The alloys are based on the Sn-Ag,Sn-Ag-Bi and Sn-Ag-Bi-Au systems. Populated test vehicles with surface mount devices were designed and fabricated to evaluate actual solder joints. Pastes were screen printed on the test substrates and reflowed with the components in place. The test components consist of a variety of dummy chip capacitors and leadless ceramic chip carriers (LCC's). The development of the reflow profiles will be discussed. Comprehensive defect analysis will also be presented.(1). RP Hernandez, CL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS1411,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3235 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ79A UT WOS:A1997BJ79A00115 ER PT S AU Kuusinen, T Barker, R Alexander, D AF Kuusinen, T Barker, R Alexander, D GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Experience with life cycle assessment in woven textiles SO 1997 NONWOVENS CONFERENCE SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Nonwovens Conference CY MAR 17-19, 1997 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Life cycle assessment (LCA) has taken prominence over the last several years as a tool for evaluating system-wide effects of product and process design options. As part of the American Textile Partnership (AMTEX), LCA software applications are being developed to help streamline and reduce the cost of conducting LCAs in the US integrated textile industry. The Textile Resource Integration Model (TRIM) software is a leading example of an environmental decision support tool developed by the AMTEX Partnership. Applications of TRIM build off of experience gained to date with LCAs of textile products, such as the inventory analysis of a woman's 100% polyester blouse conducted in 1993 by the American Fiber Manufacturers' Association. The types of product evaluations envisioned for TRIM include analysis of proposed eco-labeling systems being considered overseas that may pose trade barriers to the import of US textiles. Other uses of TRIM include analysis of the cost of resource losses and opportunities for improving the system-wide cost-effectiveness of the integrated US textile industry. RP Kuusinen, T (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-686-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BH44R UT WOS:A1997BH44R00009 ER PT S AU Wright, LL Tuskan, GA AF Wright, LL Tuskan, GA GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Strategy, results and directions for woody crop research funded by the US department of energy SO 1997 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Pulping Conference CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB The Department of Energy has been involved in the development of suitable plant materials and techniques for short-rotation woody crops since 1979 for energy and wood products. As program managers for the energy program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists developed a regionally and nationally integrated approach to improving, testing and deploying woody crop plant materials. This has involved integration among universities, the USDA Forest Service, private and state nurseries and many pulp and paper companies. The most integrated regional program and the best progress has occurred in the Pacific Northwest where over 20 new hybrid poplar clones are in commercial use for fiber production, over 65,000 acres are in commercial production, and two industry research cooperatives have formed. In the North-central region, only 6-8 clones are currently suitable for commercial use but over 60 new hybrid poplar clones are in their 3(rd) year of clone/site testing and over 200 are in early selection phases. Disease and pest resistance is a major selection criteria. In the South, a new breeding effort for poplars is building on a few selections released by the USDA Forest Service in the 70's plus new germplasm being collected several major river drainages. Other species recently or currently under investigation in the south include sweetgum, sycamore and black locust. The Northeast has the newest crop development program focusing on hybrid willows. All crops are being developed for multiple product use. RP Wright, LL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,BIOENERGY FEEDSTOCK DEV PROGRAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-696-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 791 EP 799 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BJ90M UT WOS:A1997BJ90M00103 ER PT S AU Sholander, P Martinez, L Tolendino, L Mah, BA AF Sholander, P Martinez, L Tolendino, L Mah, BA GP IEEE TI The effects of user mobility on usage parameter control (UPC) in wireless ATM systems SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC 98) CY FEB 16-18, 1998 CL TEMPE PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc AB Wireless Asynchronous Transfer Mode (WATM) networks pose new traffic management problems. One example is the effect of user mobility on Usage Parameter Control (UPC). If the UPC algorithm resets after each handoff between wireless-cells, then users can cheat on their traffic contract. In brief, UPC is analogous to a digital filtering operation, with an associated convergence time. If a user changes wireless-cells before the UPC algorithm converges then UPC can not determine whether that user complied with their traffic contract. This paper derives explicit relationships between a user's traffic parameters (Peak Cell Rate, Sustained Cell Rate and Maximum Burst Size), their transit time per wireless-cell, their maximum sustained cheating-rate and the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm's (GCRA's) Limit (L) parameter. It also shows that the GCRA can still effectively police Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic, but not some types of realistic Variable Bit Rate (VER) traffic. Finally, it discusses three solutions for this new network impairment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sholander, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0449, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 0-7803-4469-3 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 1997 BP 216 EP 221 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK51M UT WOS:000072404200029 ER PT S AU Bassetti, F AF Bassetti, F GP IEEE TI A lower bound for quantifying overlap effects: An empirical approach SO 1998 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC 98) CY FEB 16-18, 1998 CL TEMPE PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc AB Among the many features that are implemented in today's microprocessors there are some that have the capability of reducing the execution time via overlapping of different Overlapping of instructions with other and overlapping of computation with memory activities are the main way in which execution time is reduced. In this paper we will introduce a notion of overlap and its definition, and a few different ways to capture its effects. We will characterize some of the ASCI benchmarks using the overlap and some other quantities related to it. Also, we will present a characterization of the overlap effects using a lower bound derived empirically from measured data. We will conclude by using the lower bound to estimate other components of the overall execution time. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bassetti, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 0-7803-4469-3 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 1997 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK51M UT WOS:000072404200034 ER PT B AU Wilson, RD Paul, BK AF Wilson, RD Paul, BK BE Bains, T MacKenzie, DS TI Rapid solidification joining of non-ferrous materials SO 1ST INTERNATIONAL NON-FERROUS PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Non-Ferrous Processing and Technology Conference CY MAR 10-12, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASM Int, Heat Treating Soc AB Rapid solidification welding processes have several advantages over high heat input welding processes including narrow weld width, small heat affected zones, minimal segregation and, fast cycle times. Unfortunately non-destructive methods to determine weld quality are expensive and ineffective in these very thin welds. As part of an on line weld quality control weld evaluation program, a thermodynamic model was developed to predict the minimum energy required to form welds in various materials including aluminum, copper, brass, silver, titanium and titanium aluminide. Finite element residual weld stress predictions were made for capacitor discharge welded joints. Crack count and flaw content were used as weld quality indicators and compared to predicted values. Among the interesting results observed in this study was the low 9J/mm(2) optimum silver to brass weld energy and the high 2,400 MPa residual stress prediction for titanium aluminide welds. These predictions correlated with observed weld cracking. RP Wilson, RD (reprint author), US DOE,ALBANY,OR, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-592-3 PY 1997 BP 435 EP 443 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ76Z UT WOS:A1997BJ76Z00047 ER PT J AU Kong, J Soong, ST AF Kong, J Soong, ST GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A numerical study of orographic effects on typhoons SO 22ND CONFERENCE ON HURRICANES AND TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP Amer Meteorol Soc RP Kong, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-103,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1997 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK02K UT WOS:A1997BK02K00115 ER PT B AU Brixner, B AF Brixner, B BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI High-speed cameras at Los Alamos SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE cameras for speed; high speed cameras; Los Alamos speedy cameras AB In 1943, there was no camera with the microsecond resolution needed for research in Atomic Bomb development. We had the Mitchell camera (100 fps), the Fastax (10 000), the Marley (100 000), the drum streak (moving slit image) 10(-5) s resolution, and electrooptical shutters for 10(-6) s. Julian Mack invented a rotating-mirror camera for 10(-7) s, which was in use by 1944. Small rotating mirror changes secured a resolution of 10(-8) s. Photography of oscilloscope traces soon recorded 10(-6) resolution, which was later improved to 10(-8) s. Mack also invented two time resolving spectrographs for studying the radiation of the first atomic explosion. Much later, he made a large aperture spectrograph for shock wave spectra. An image dissecting drum camera running at 10(7) frames per second (fps) was used for studying high velocity jets. Brixner invented a simple streak camera which Save 10(-8) s resolution. Using a moving film camera, an interferometer pressure gauge was developed for measuring shock-front pressures up to 100 000 psi. An existing Bowen 76-lens frame camera was speeded up by our turbine driven mirror to make 1 500 000 fps. Several streak cameras were made with writing arms from 4 1/2 to 40 in. and apertures from f/2.5 to f/20. We made framing cameras with top speeds of 50 000, 1 000 000, 3 500 000, and 14 000 000 fps. RP Brixner, B (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00003 ER PT B AU Sorenson, D Malone, R Frogget, B Ciarcia, C Tunnell, T Flurer, R AF Sorenson, D Malone, R Frogget, B Ciarcia, C Tunnell, T Flurer, R BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Particle distribution measurements using in-line Fraunhofer holography SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE holography; in-line Fraunhofer holography; Pegasus; ejecta; particle distributions AB In-line Fraunhofer holography has been developed and implemented at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure particle distributions of fast moving particles. Holography is a unique diagnostic that gives unambiguous information on the size and shapes of particle distributions over a three dimensional volume. Currently, the capability of measuring particles two microns in size which travel many mm/mu sec has been demonstrated in hydrodynamic experiments at the Pegasus Pulsed Power Facility. Usually, for setting up an in-line holography experiment for measuring particles a few microns in size, the holographic film would be placed less than one centimeter from the particles. However, due to the high kinetic energy associated with the dynamic experiment, an optical relay system is used to relay the interference pattern 35 cm so that the glass hologram will survive. After the hologram has been recorded the data must be extracted. A spatially filtered laser is used to reconstruct a real image which is a projection of the particles over a three dimensional volume. Planes of data from this volume are digitized via a CCD camera by moving the hologram with a three axis actuator. After the data has been digitized it is then analyzed with intelligent image processing algorithms. RP Sorenson, D (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 206 EP 213 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00027 ER PT B AU Paisley, DL Stahl, DB AF Paisley, DL Stahl, DB BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Laser interaction with pseudo-blood clots SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE flash-lamp pumped dye laser; medical laser; coronary blood clots; pseudoclot; electronic framing camera; laser backlight; bubble; cavitation AB In recent years lasers have become a common tool for medical procedures. Lasers are typically used to delivery energy/power to a biological specimen to alter its characteristics, fuse tissue or destroy a particular structure. Under a Los Alamos CRADA, we have been working with a medical laser company and a laser medical center to study the laser interaction with pseudo-blood clots that are typical of those found in human coronary arteries. A 577-nm flash lamp pumped dye laser beam is pulsed through a 300-micron optical fiber to deliver the laser energy on the surface of a pseudo-clot material. The fiber and pseudo-clot are surrounded by water or x-ray contrast fluid transparent at 577 and 514 nm. The laser-pulse/clot interaction creates a bubble at the water-clot interface. The bubble expands out and collapses back on the pseudo-clot material. These interactions create a strong compression wave in the pseudo-clot resulting part of the clot being removed. Using a backlight technique with an electronic framing camera we record the bubble growth, expansion, and collapse, and the debris generated by the interaction. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 254 EP 257 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00034 ER PT B AU Rightley, P Benjamin, RF AF Rightley, P Benjamin, RF BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI High-speed flow visualization of fluid instabilities SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE high speed photography; flow visualization; fluid instabilities AB The fluid instability resulting from the impulsive acceleration a thin, heavy gas layer embedded in a lighter gas is characterized through high-speed flow visualization. The shock-accelerated event occurs over the course of 1 ms. A laser sheet illuminates a plane of the gas layer and its evolution is recorded by a camera observing high-angle scattered light. Two sets of diagnostics were evaluated. These derived their time resolution either from gating the camera or pulsing the illumination source; The arbitrary inter-exposure timing associated with the gated camera was found to be significantly advantageous over the fixed intervals of the pulsed laser. The intensified, gated camera also placed more manageable requirements oil the light source and provided sufficient data to measure the instability growth rates. However, the pulsed laser arrangement produced superior spatial resolution and dynamic range primarily due to the lack of an intensifier. RP Rightley, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 327 EP 333 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00045 ER PT B AU Yates, GJ AF Yates, GJ BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Real time pulse width monitor for ICCD electro-optic shutters SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE CCD optical shutter, real-time optical gate control; measurement; encode AB A method is described for controlling and measuring the pulse width of electrical gate pulses used for optical shuttering of image intensifiers. The intensifiers are coupled to high frame rate Charge-Coupled-Devices (CCD) or Focus-Projection Scan (FPS) vidicon TV cameras for readout and telemetry of time resolved image sequences. The shutter duration or gate width of individual shutters is measured in real time and encoded in the video frame corresponding to a given shutter interval. The shutter information is updated once each video frame by strobing new data with each TV camera vertical syne pulse. This circuitry is used in conjunction with commercial video insertion/annotation equipment to provide the shutter width information in alpha numeric text form along with the time resolved video image on a frame-by-frame basis. The measurement technique and circuitry involving a combination of high speed digital counters and analog integrators for measurements in the Ins to 1024 ns range are described. The accuracy obtained is compared with measurements obtained using high speed DSOs. The measured data are provided in 10-bit Binary (Bi) and four decades of Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) and also displayed on four digit seven segment displays. The control circuitry including digital and analog input means for gate width selection are described. The implementation of both measurement and control circuitry into an Intensified Shuttered CCD (ISCCD) radiometric system for recording fast shuttered images at RS-170 to 4 KHz frame rates is presented. RP Yates, GJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 360 EP 373 PG 14 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00049 ER PT B AU Yates, GJ Gallegos, RA McDonald, TE Zutavern, FJ Helgeson, WD Loubriel, GM AF Yates, GJ Gallegos, RA McDonald, TE Zutavern, FJ Helgeson, WD Loubriel, GM BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Range-gated imaging for near-field target identification SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE target detection; image capture; 150 to 200 ps optical exposures; PCSS/LDA; MCPII AB The combination of two complementary technologies developed independently at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) has demonstrated feasibility of target detection and image capture in a highly light-scattering medium. The technique uses a compact SNL developed Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch/Laser Diode Array (PCSS/LDA) for short-range (distances of 8 to 10 m) large Field-Of-View (FOV) target illumination. Generation of a time-correlated echo signal is accomplished using a photodiode. The return image signal is recorded with a high-speed shuttered Micro-Channel-Plate Image Intensifier (MCPII), designed by LANL and manufactured by Philips Photonics. The MCPII is gated using a high-frequency impedance-matching microstrip design to produce 150 to 200 ps duration optical exposures. The ultra fast shuttering produces depth resolution of a few inches along the optic axis between the MCPII and the target, producing enhanced target images effectively deconvolved from noise components from the scattering medium in the FOV. The images from the MCPII are recorded with an RS-170 Charge-Coupled-Device camera and a Big Sky, Beam Code, PC-based digitizer frame grabber and analysis package. Laser pulse data were obtained by the system hut Jitter problems and spectral mismatches between diode spectral emission wavelength and MCPII photocathode spectral sensitivity prevented the capture of fast gating imaging with this demonstration system. Continued development of the system is underway. RP Yates, GJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,P-23,MS H803,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 374 EP 385 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00050 ER PT B AU Zutavern, FJ Helgeson, WD Loubriel, GM Yates, GJ Gallegos, RA McDonald, TE AF Zutavern, FJ Helgeson, WD Loubriel, GM Yates, GJ Gallegos, RA McDonald, TE BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI A compact, short-pulse laser for near-field, range-gated imaging SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE short pulse laser diode; range gated imaging; high gain switching; intensified CCD; sub-nanosecond imaging; photoconductive switching; laser radar; LIDAR; LADAR AB This paper describes a compact laser, which produces high power, wide-angle emission for a near-field, range-gated, imaging system. The optical pulses are produced by a 100 element laser diode array (LDA) which is pulsed with a GaAs, photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS). The LDA generates 100 ps long, gain-switched, optical pulses at 904 nm when it is driven with 3 ns, 400 A, electrical pulses from a high gain PCSS. Gain switching is facilitated with this many lasers by using a low impedance circuit to drive an array of lasers, which are connected electrically in series. The total optical energy produced per pulse is 10 microjoules corresponding to a total peak power of 100 kW. The entire laser system, including prime power (a nine volt battery), pulse charging, PCSS, and LDA, is the size of a small, hand-held flashlight. System lifetime, which is presently limited by the high gain PCSS, is an active area of research and development. Present limitations and potential improvements will be discussed. The complete range-gated imaging system is based on complementary technologies: high speed optical gating with intensified charge coupled devices (ICCD) developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and high gain, PCSS-driven LDAs developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The system is designed for use in highly scattering media such as turbid water or extremely dense fog or smoke. The short optical pulses from the laser and high speed gating of the ICCD are synchronized to eliminate the back-scattered light from outside the depth of the field of view (FOV) which may be as short as a few centimeters. A high speed photodiode can be used to trigger the intensifier gate and set the range-gated FOV precisely on the target. The ICCD and other aspects of the imaging system are discussed in a separate paper(1). RP Zutavern, FJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00062 ER PT B AU Paisley, DL Stahl, DB AF Paisley, DL Stahl, DB BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI One-dimensional plate launch techniques and associated diagnostics SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE plate impact; flyer plate; stereophotography; stereocamera; velocity interferometry; VISAR; electronic streak AB A high-power, high-energy laser is used to accelerate miniature metal plates (3 mm diameter x 50 micron thick, typ.) to high velocities to perform one-dimension (1-D) impacts. Several plate conditions are critical to their performance. The plates must be flat and intact, and traveling at a known velocity and acceleration profile. Because the plates are small only optical diagnostic techniques can be used without perturbing the plate performance. We use pulsed laser stereo-photography to determine plate integrity and flatness, and velocity interferometry (VISAR) to evaluate plate acceleration and terminal velocity. Laser-launched plates can accelerate to over 10(9) m(2)/s(2) and reach terminal velocities over 5 km/s. The high accelerations require temporal resolution of <0.200-ns. The temporal resolution is accomplished by transferring the VISAR optical signals by optical fiber to an electronic streak camera for recording. Near 1-D plate impacts are accomplished by converting the spatial Gaussian laser beam to a Tophat spatial profile. The pulsed laser stereo-photography system consists of a 10X stereo camera and a 5-ns pulsed doubled Nd:YAC laser for the light source. By incorporating these different optical techniques a complete understanding of the dynamic performance of miniature plates in flight is accomplished. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 576 EP 580 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00077 ER PT B AU Paisley, DL Stahl, DB AF Paisley, DL Stahl, DB BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Optical techniques for determining dynamic material properties SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE dynamic material properties; spall; strain rate; gas gun; explosive plane wave; spall strength; EOS; equation-of-state; electronic streak; stress-strain; bond strength AB Miniature plates are laser-launched with a 10-Joule Nd:YAG for one-dimensional (1-D) impacts on to target materials much like gas gun experiments and explosive plane wave plate launch. By making the experiments small, flyer plates (3 mm diameter x 50 micron thick) and targets (10 mm diameter x 200 micron thick), 1-D impact experiments can be performed in a standard laser-optical laboratory with minimum confinement and collateral damage. The laser-launched plates do not require the traditional sabot on gas guns nor the explosives needed for explosive planewave lenses, and as a result are much more amenable to a wide variety of materials and applications. Because of the small size very high pressure gradients can be generated with relative ease. The high pressure gradients result in very high strains and strain rates that are not easily generated by other experimental methods. The small size and short shock duration (1-20 ns) are ideal for dynamically measuring bond strengths of micron-thick coatings. Experimental techniques, equipment, and dynamic material results are reported. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00078 ER PT B AU Frank, AM Gillespie, CH Trott, WM AF Frank, AM Gillespie, CH Trott, WM BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI High speed imaging of Raleigh-Taylor instabilities in laser driven plates SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE high speed microscopy; Raleigh-Taylor instabilities; laser driven plates AB We have previously reported our observations of the dynamic behavior of laser driven plates(2 3) Recent improvements and modifications of the imaging techniques have identified and provided measurements of Raleigh-Taylor (R-T) instabilities that occur in these events. The microscope system in the LLNL Micro Detonics Facility, was converted to an epi-illuminated polarization configuration. A double pulse nanosecond illuminator and a second independently focusable frame camera were also added to the system. A laser driven plate, that is a dense solid driven by a laser heated, lower density plasma, is inherently R-T unstable. The characteristics and growth of the instability determine whether or not the plate remains intact. In earlier reports we correlated the surface patterning of thin plates with the fiber-optical transmission modes. In subsequent experiments we noted that the plasma burn through patterning in thin plates and the surface patterning of thicker plates did not correspond to the thin plate early time patterning. These observations led to the suspicion of R-T instability. A series of experiments correlating plate thickness and pattern spatial frequency has verified the instability. The plates are aluminum, deposited on the ends of optical fibers. They are launched by a YAG Laser pulse traveling down the fiber. Plate velocities are several kilometers per second and characteristic dimensions of the instabilities are a few to tens of microns. Several techniques were used to examine the plates, the most successful being specularly reflecting polarization microscopy looking directly at the plate as it flies toward the camera. These images gave data on the spatial frequencies of the instabilities but could not give the amplitudes. To measure the amplitude of the instability a semi-transparent witness plate was placed a known distance from the plate. As above, the plate was observed using the polarization microscope but using the streak camera as the detector. Both the launch of the plate and its impact into the witness plate are observed on the streak record. Knowing the plate velocity function from earlier velocimetry measurements and observing the variations in the arrival time across the plate, the amplitude of the instability can be calculated. RP Frank, AM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-281,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 585 EP 593 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00079 ER PT B AU Kalantar, DH Bell, PM Costa, RL Hammel, BA Landen, OL Orzechowski, TJ AF Kalantar, DH Bell, PM Costa, RL Hammel, BA Landen, OL Orzechowski, TJ BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Characterization of x-ray streak cameras for use on Nova SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE x-rays; x-ray streak camera; inertial confinement fusion AB There are many different types of measurements that require a continuous time history of x-ray emission that can be provided with an x-ray streak camera. In order to properly analyze the images that are recorded with the x-ray streak cameras operated on Nova, it is important to account for the streak characterization of each camera. We have performed a number of calibrations of the streak cameras both on the bench as well as with Nova disk target shots where we use a time modulated laser intensity profile (self-beating of the laser) on the target to generate an x-ray comb. We have measured the streak camera sweep direction and spatial offset, curvature of the electron optics, sweep rate, and magnification and resolution of the electron optics. RP Kalantar, DH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00093 ER PT B AU Oertel, JA Archuleta, T Peterson, CG Marshall, FJ AF Oertel, JA Archuleta, T Peterson, CG Marshall, FJ BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Dual microchannel plate module for a gated monochromatic x-ray imager SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE MCP; monochromatic; gated X-ray imager; ICF; KB microscope AB Development and testing of a dual microchannel plate (MCP) module to be used in the national Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) program has recently been completed. The MCP module is a key component of a new monochromatic x-ray imaging diagnostic which is designed around a 4 channel Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope and diffraction crystals and is located at University of Rochester's Omega laser system. The MCP module has two separate MCP regions with centers spaced 53 mm apart. Each region contains a 25 mm MCP proximity focused to a P-11 phosphor coated fiberoptic faceplate. The two L/D = 40, MCPs have a 10.2 mm wide, 8 ohm stripline constructed of 500 nm Copper over-coated with 100 nm Gold. A 4 kV, 150 ps electrical pulse provides an optical gatewidth of 80 ps and spatial resolution has been measured at 20 1p/mm. RP Oertel, JA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 709 EP 713 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00098 ER PT B AU Rivera, AT Thomas, S AF Rivera, AT Thomas, S BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI MOSFET solid state switching circuit improves the 0 to 99% rise time for framing camera deflection electronics SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE deflection plate; frame; MOSFET; solid state; high voltage; transformer; rise time; pulser; 51 ohm AB We have improved the 0 to 99% rise time voltage on our 2 frame deflection plates from 160nS to 65nS with the addition of a peaking circuit that works in conjunction with our primary 2 frame deflection circuitry. Our peaking technique has applications to other HV pulsers including those which must drive 51 ohm loads. Generally, rise time voltages are measured between 10 and 90%. To minimize the camera image blur resulting from the dynamic influence of deflection plate potentials acting on photocathode electrons, it was necessary to design a circuit that would rise from 0 to the 99% voltage level in under 100nS. Once this voltage was reached, it was necessary to stay within 1% of the attained voltage level for a duration of 1uS. This was accomplished with the use of MOSFET solid state switching. RP Rivera, AT (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT ELECT ENGN,POB 808,7000 EAST AVE,MS 283,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 714 EP 716 PG 3 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00099 ER PT B AU Patrick, D AF Patrick, D BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Sandia National Lab's precision laser tracking systems SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE portable laser tracking system; single station solution for position and attitude data AB Sandia brought its first laser tracking system on-line in 1968 to replace the fixed camera technique for producing trajectory data on test vehicles. Today, test operations are supported by two mobile self-contained tracking systems. These standalone systems provide accurate time-space-position information and high speed photometric coverage. RP Patrick, D (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 9732,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 822 EP 826 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00116 ER PT B AU Buescher, BJ Bruck, HA Deason, VA Ricks, KL Epstein, JS AF Buescher, BJ Bruck, HA Deason, VA Ricks, KL Epstein, JS BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Dynamic Moire interferometry SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE dynamic moire interferometry; carbon-fiber epoxy composites; Q-switching; fringe fidelity; impact loading AB Dynamic observation of impact phenomena is extremely important for designing automotive and armored structures. A dynamic moire interferometer has been developed at the INEL to image surface dispacement fields generated by dynamic loading events. A pulsed ruby laser is used to provide sufficient intensity to allow the imaging of displacement fields in periods of 20 ns. An electro-optic Q-switching system has been designed using standard electronic and optical components to pulse the ruby laser at rates of up to 1Mhz. In order to capture images, a Cordin high speed framing camera was integrated into the system. The dynamic moire interferometer produces fringe frields of in-plane displacement data, similar to the fringe data captured in dynamic holography or dynamic photoelasticity. Dynamic loading events generate moving fringe fields which reduce the fidelity of acquired fringe fields. A dynamic fringe analysis similar to Neuman's analysis for dynamic holography and Daily's analysis for dynamic photoelasticity has been performed to quantify this effect for a moire interferometer. It has been determined that the contrast of the fringes depends not only on the pulse duration of the laser and transience of the fringe field, but also on the frequency of the fringe field. This analysis has been used to interpret fringe data obtained from short duration stress pulses travelling through laminated carbon-fiber epoxy composites. RP Buescher, BJ (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,MS2218,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 855 EP 864 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00120 ER PT B AU Watson, S Kauppila, T Morrison, L Vecere, C AF Watson, S Kauppila, T Morrison, L Vecere, C BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI The pulsed high-energy radiographic machine emitting X-rays (PHERMEX) flash radiographic camera SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE megavolt imaging; flash radiography; MCP; CCD; scintillator; radiographic camera; non-destructive testing AB Advances in solid state detectors and dense scintillators make radiographic cameras competitive with film in applications where the SNR is dominated by quantum statistics. In addition, these cameras offer the advantage of submicrosecond time-gating required by present and future radiographic facilities (e.g. PHERMEX, and DARHT). We compare theoretical considerations in camera systems incorporating lens, and fiber coupling to MCPs, and CCDs. We also present Monte-Carlo blur calculations for various candidate scintillators and discuss the relative merits of the PHERMEX camera design. RP Watson, S (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MS-P-940,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 920 EP 928 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00129 ER PT B AU Lanoue, J AF Lanoue, J BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Radiographic techniques in the Explosive Component Facility at Sandia National Labs SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE x-ray; LSC; explosives AB The Explosive Component Facility (ECF) at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) is a state of the art facility for the design and testing of energetic materials and components. Two key elements of these capabilities are the flash x-ray machines. One is a six head, 150 KeV and the other is a six head, 300 KeV instrument. One of the more interesting uses of the 150 KeV system has been to study the action and reaction of a linear shaped charge (LSC) while submerged in water. The submerged samples were viewed from the top to capture the interaction of one piece of LSC with another piece near by. Each LSC was covered by separate rubber coverings and affixed to a composite plate. Three heads, delayed by a specified time, were used to capture the time sequence of events in stop action. Side views of the LSC were done with and without the rubber coverings to examine the dampening effects of the cover. An end-on perspective was also captured by x-ray using one head and several time delays. The debris scatter produced from a larger device has also been examined. The explosive used was in a pellet form initiated by a detonator and a timing lead. The x-ray radiographs show the particles from this device as they expand outward Three x-ray source tubes were used in a large horizontal array, apertured to expose individual pieces of film. Another x-ray source was placed overhead and simultaneously exposed a film under the object. RP Lanoue, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,EXPLOS COMPONENTS & DIAGNOST PROJECTS DEPT,POB 5800,MS 1454,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 977 EP 980 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00135 ER PT B AU Goosman, D Avara, G Steinmetz, L Lai, C Perry, S AF Goosman, D Avara, G Steinmetz, L Lai, C Perry, S BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Manybeam velocimeter for fast surfaces SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE velocimetry; double cavity Fabry-Perot; multiplexing many beams AB For the past 5 years, we have conceived, built and successfully used a new 10 beam laser velocimeter for monitoring velocity vs time histories of fast moving surfaces, and will have a 20 beam capability soon. We conceived a method to multiplex 5 to 10 beams through a single Fabry-Perot. interferometer, without losing any light that our equivalently-performing single beam system could use, and with negligible crosstalk. This saves the cost of 16 interferometers, simplifies operation and takes less space than without multiplexing. We devised special efficient light collecting probes, streak cameras that change sweep speed during the course of the record, and a new double cavity interferometer which is better, cheaper and more flexible than our previous versions. With the 10 recorders, we conceived and employ a method of using both a fast and a slow streak camera on each of 5 beams without reducing the light that is available to either camera separately. Five new galvanometrically-driven triggerable CCD streak cameras will be installed soon. RP Goosman, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 1070 EP 1079 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00147 ER PT B AU Erskine, DJ Holmes, NC AF Erskine, DJ Holmes, NC BE Paisley, DL Frank, AM TI Imaging white light VISAR SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HIGH-SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Int Working Grp High Speed Photog Vid, eog & Photon, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn DE velocity; interferometer; VISAR; white light; imaging; velocimetry AB An imaging white light velocimeter consisting of two image superimposing Michelson interferometers in series with the target interposed is demonstrated. Interferometrically measured 2-dimensional velocity maps can be made of moving surfaces using unlimited bandwidth incoherent and extended area sources. Short pulse and broadband chirped pulse lasers can be used to provide temporal resolution not possible with monochromatic illumination. A similar to 20 m/s per fringe imaging velocimeter is demonstrated using an ordinary camera flash for illumination. Radial and transverse velocity components can be measured when the illuminating and viewing beams are non-parallel. RP Erskine, DJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2266-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2869 BP 1080 EP 1083 PG 4 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJ32H UT WOS:A1997BJ32H00148 ER PT S AU Beiu, V AF Beiu, V GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Enhanced lower entropy bounds with application to constructive learning SO 23RD EUROMICRO CONFERENCE - NEW FRONTIERS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE EUROMICRO CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Euromicro Conference on New Frontiers of Information Technology CY SEP 01-04, 1997 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP IEEE Comp Soc AB In this paper we shall prove two new lower bounds for the number-of-bits required by neural networks for classification problems defined by m examples from IRn. They are obtained in a constructive way, and can be used for designing constructive learning algorithms. The results rely on upper bounding the space with an n-dimensional ball [5]. Recently, a better upper bound has been presented in [10] by showing that the volume of the ball can always be replaced by the volume of the intersection of two balls. A lower bound for the case of integer weights in the range [-p, p] has been detailed in [16]; it is based on computing the logarithm of the quotient between the volume of the ball containing all the examples and the maximum volume of a polyhedron. One first improvement will come from a tighter upper bound an the maximum volume of the polyhedron by two n-dimensional cones (instead of the ball used in [16]). A second-even better-bound will be obtained by upper bounding the space by the intersection of two balls. RP Beiu, V (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV NIS 1,MAIL STOP D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Beiu, Valeriu/F-7799-2015 OI Beiu, Valeriu/0000-0001-8185-956X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1089-6503 BN 0-8186-8130-6 J9 EUROMICRO CONF PROC PY 1997 BP 541 EP 548 DI 10.1109/EURMIC.1997.617371 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ48T UT WOS:A1997BJ48T00068 ER PT B AU Suszcynsky, DM Borovsky, JE Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ Belian, RD AF Suszcynsky, DM Borovsky, JE Thomsen, MF McComas, DJ Belian, RD BE Ivchenko, VN TI Coordinated ground-based and geosynchronous satellite-based measurements of auroral pulsations SO 23RD EUROPEAN MEETING ON ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES BY OPTICAL METHODS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods CY SEP 02-06, 1997 CL KIEV, UKRAINE SP Kiev Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ, Ukrainian Phys Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Ukraine Chapter, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine DE aurora; pulsating aurora; geosynchronous orbit; all-sky camera; ionosphere; magnetosphere AB We describe a technique that uses a ground-based all-sky video camera and geosynchronous satellite-based plasma and energetic particle detectors to study ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling as it relates to the aurora. The video camera system was deployed in Eagle, Alaska for a seven month period at the foot of the magnetic field line that threads geosynchronous satellite 1989-046. Since 1989-046 corotates with the earth, its footprint remains nearly fixed in the vicinity of Eagle, allowing for routine continuous monitoring of an auroral field line at its intersections with the ground and with geosynchronous orbit. As an example of the utility of this technique, we present coordinated ground-based and satellite-based observations during periods of auroral pulsations and compare this data to the predictions of both the relaxation oscillator theory and flow cyclotron maser theory for the generation of pulsating aurorae. The observed plasma and energetic particle characteristics at geosynchronous orbit during pulsating aurorae displays are found to be in agreement with the general predictions of both theories, lending further support to the belief that a cyclotron resonance mechanism is responsible for auroral pulsations. RP Suszcynsky, DM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SPACE & ATMOSPHER SCI GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2670-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3237 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.284757 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BJ65A UT WOS:A1997BJ65A00001 ER PT B AU Miller, M Verlinde, J Gilbert, C Tongue, J Lehenbauer, G AF Miller, M Verlinde, J Gilbert, C Tongue, J Lehenbauer, G GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Cloud detection using the WSR-88D: An initial evaluation SO 28TH CONFERENCE ON RADAR METEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Conference on Radar Meteorology CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, DAS,OASD,Bldg 318, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 442 EP 443 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BL61L UT WOS:000076012800211 ER PT S AU Tong, CH Meza, JC Moen, CD AF Tong, CH Meza, JC Moen, CD GP SOC COMP SIMULAT TI Simulation of equipment design optimization in microelectronics manufacturing SO 30TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Simulation Symposium CY APR 07-09, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat AB We explore different mathematical formulations, develop an object-oriented simulation environment, and perform a parametric study in the design of a high-yield, low-cost (raw material), and short-cycle-time chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor for microelectronic manufacturing. We begin with several possible configurations for the reactor and formulate them into their corresponding numerical optimization problems. We then develop a software architecture for solving the optimization problems by integrating the heat conduction and species transport simulation codes and a modern optimization software into an object-oriented optimization environment. Numerical experiments are performed, reported, and discussed. RP Tong, CH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT COMP SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Meza, Juan/B-5601-2012; OI Meza, Juan/0000-0003-4543-0349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1080-241X BN 0-8186-7934-4 J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 1997 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1109/SIMSYM.1997.586498 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH58D UT WOS:A1997BH58D00012 ER PT S AU Lee, SR Cummings, JC Nolen, SD AF Lee, SR Cummings, JC Nolen, SD GP SOC COMP SIMULAT TI MC++: A parallel, portable, Monte Carlo neutron transport code in C++ SO 30TH ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL SIMULATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Simulation Symposium CY APR 07-09, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Comp Simulat AB MC++ is a multi-group Monte Carlo neutron transport code written in C++ and based on the Parallel Object-Oriented Methods and Applications (POOMA) class library. MC++ runs in parallel on and is portable to a wide variety of platforms, including MPPs, SMPs, clustered SMPs, and clusters of UNIX workstations. MC++ is being developed to provide transport capabilities to the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). It is also intended to form the basis of the first transport physics framework (TPF), which is a C++ class library containing appropriate abstractions, objects, and methods for the particle transport problem. The transport problem is briefly described as well as the current status and algorithms in MC++ for solving the transport equation. The alpha version of the POOMA class library is also discussed, along with the implementation of the transport solution algorithms using POOMA. Finally, some simple test problems are defined and performance and physics results on a variety of platforms are discussed. RP Lee, SR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1080-241X BN 0-8186-7934-4 J9 PROC ANNU SIMUL SYMP PY 1997 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1109/SIMSYM.1997.586500 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH58D UT WOS:A1997BH58D00014 ER PT B AU LeGall, CA Qu, J McDowell, DL AF LeGall, CA Qu, J McDowell, DL GP INT MICROELECTR & PACKAGING SOC TI Thermomechanical stresses in an underfilled flip chip DCA SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PACKAGING MATERIALS - PROCESSES, PROPERTIES, AND INTERFACES - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials - Processes, Properties and Interfaces CY MAR 09-12, 1997 CL CHATEAU ELAN, BRASELTON, GA SP Int Microelectr & Packaging Soc, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, Georgia Inst Technol, Packaging Res Ctr HO CHATEAU ELAN AB Flip chip interconnection technology has recently been extended to direct chip attach (DCA) to organic printed wiring boards (PWBs). However, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the PWB is almost an order of magnitude greater than that of the silicon die; under operating conditions, this mismatch subjects the solder joints to cyclic stresses, which may result in mechanical fatigue failure of the solder connections. Such CTE mismatch-induced stresses, manifested by the increasing die site and temperature excursions, have posted a great challenge to the thermomechanical reliability of flip-chip DCA packages. To prevent premature thermomechanical failure and ensure the reliability of a DCA package, the thermomechanical stresses caused by the CTE mismatch, which is the driving force to failure, must be understood. Furthermore, design and processing technologies must be developed to minimize such stresses. In this paper, a general methodology is developed to conduct stress analysis in flip-chip DCA with underfill encapsulation using the finite element method. In particular. two fundamental issues are addressed, namely, effects of die size on the stress fields and the optimization of thermomechanical properties of underfill materials. It is shown in this paper that the nature of stress fields in underfilled flip chips is fundamentally different from that in any other surface mount assemblies. The distance to neutral point (DNP) is no longer a dominant factor in determining the magnitude of the stresses in underfilled flip-chip packages. Consequently, as far as the stresses are concerned. the die size is not a limiting factor. The underfill optimization studies have demonstrated that both stress and strain fields should be considered in the analysis of a flip chip assembly. Some general guidelines have been provided for selecting optimal CTE and modulus values which minimize stress and strain fields in the solder and silicon chip. RP LeGall, CA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Qu, Jianmin/E-3521-2010 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3818-9 PY 1997 BP 128 EP 129 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH39Y UT WOS:A1997BH39Y00035 ER PT S AU Frei, H AF Frei, H BE Grasselli, RK Oyama, ST Gaffney, AM Lyons, JE TI Highly selective photochemical and dark oxidation of hydrocarbons by O-2 in zeolites SO 3RD WORLD CONGRESS ON OXIDATION CATALYSIS SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress on Oxidation Catalysis CY SEP 21-26, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID VISIBLE-LIGHT; RED-LIGHT; CATALYSIS; PHOTOOXIDATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem Biodynam Lab, MS Calvin Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem Biodynam Lab, MS Calvin Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-82772-2 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1997 VL 110 BP 1041 EP 1050 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BK18N UT WOS:000071441200105 ER PT S AU Peterson, DW Sweet, JN Burchett, SN Hsia, A AF Peterson, DW Sweet, JN Burchett, SN Hsia, A GP IEEE TI Stresses from flip-chip assembly and underfill; Measurements with the ATC4.1 assembly test chip and analysis by finite element method SO 47TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 18-21, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP ISSS Components Pkg & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Ind Assoc AB We report the first measurements of in-situ flip-chip assembly mechanical stresses using a CMOS piezoresistive test chip repatterned with a fine pitch full area array. A special printed circuit board substrate was designed at Sandia and fabricated by the Hadco Corp, The flip-chip solder attach (FCA) and underfill was performed by a SEMATECH member company. The measured incremental stresses produced by the underfill are reported and discussed for several underfill materials used in this experiment. A FEM of a one-quarter section of the square assembly has been developed to compare with the measured as-assembled and underfill die surface stresses. The initial model utilized linear elastic constitutive models for the Si, solder, underfill, and PC board components. Detailed comparisons between theory and experiment are presented and discussed. RP Peterson, DW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1333,MS 1082,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-3858-8 J9 P ELECTR C PY 1997 BP 134 EP 143 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ06E UT WOS:A1997BJ06E00021 ER PT S AU Chanchani, R Treece, K Dressendorfer, P AF Chanchani, R Treece, K Dressendorfer, P GP IEEE TI mini ball grid array (mBGA) assembly on MCM-L boards SO 47TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 1997 PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 47th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 18-21, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP ISSS Components Pkg & Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Ind Assoc AB Sandia National Laboratories has developed a chip scale packaging technology called mini Ball Grid Array (mBGA). The mBGA is a flip chip die, obtained by redistributing peripheral pads in existing dies to an area array of pads 10 mils or larger in diameter with a minimum pitch of 20 mils. The peripheral pads are redistributed to area array pads using two polyimide dielectric and two metal conductor layers. mBGA can be closely tiled together on a substrate to yield a very high circuit density. In an earlier report, we presented the results on the reliability and thermal performance of mBGA on silicon and ceramic substrates. In this report, we present an mBGA cost. analysis, improvement in the mBGA bump adhesion, and reliability and thermal performance of mBGA assemblies on FR-4 boards. RP Chanchani, R (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MAIL STOP 1073,DEPT 1277,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0569-5503 BN 0-7803-3858-8 J9 P ELECTR C PY 1997 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1109/ECTC.1997.606241 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ06E UT WOS:A1997BJ06E00104 ER PT B AU Bennett, JP Kwong, KS AF Bennett, JP Kwong, KS GP IRON & STEEL SOC TI Recycling/alternate use of spent refractories SO 54TH ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTRIC FURNACE CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Electric Furnace Conference CY DEC 09-12, 1996 CL DALLAS, TX SP Iron & Steel Soc, Elect Furnace Div RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US DOE,ALBANY RES CTR,1450 QUEEN AVE SW,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IRON & STEEL SOC AIME PI WARRENDALE PA 410 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 1-886362-16-5 J9 ELECT FURN CONF PROC PY 1997 VL 54 BP 457 EP 461 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH99Q UT WOS:A1997BH99Q00057 ER PT B AU Carey, PG Smith, PM Thompson, MO Sigmon, TW AF Carey, PG Smith, PM Thompson, MO Sigmon, TW GP IEEE TI Polysilicon thin film transistors fabricated at 100 degrees C on a flexible plastic substrate SO 55TH ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE, DIGEST - 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Device Research Conference CY JUN 23-25, 1997 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO COLORADO STATE UNIV RP Carey, PG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3911-8 PY 1997 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ45G UT WOS:A1997BJ45G00020 ER PT B AU Lear, KL Blum, O Klem, JF AF Lear, KL Blum, O Klem, JF GP IEEE TI Oxide defined AlAsSb/InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistors with a buried metal extrinsic base SO 55TH ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE, DIGEST - 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Device Research Conference CY JUN 23-25, 1997 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO COLORADO STATE UNIV RP Lear, KL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 0603,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3911-8 PY 1997 BP 66 EP 67 DI 10.1109/DRC.1997.612476 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ45G UT WOS:A1997BJ45G00022 ER PT B AU Chandra, C AF Chandra, C BE Bidanda, B Jagdale, S TI Enterprise architectural framework for supply-chain integration SO 6TH INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS: (IERC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Industrial Engineering Research Conference (IERC6) CY MAY 17-18, 1997 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Council Ind Engn Acad Dept Heads, Inst Ind Engineers DE supply-chain; supply-chain modeling; distributed problem-solving; cooperative system; enterprise integration AB The concept of supply-chain is about managing coordinated information and material flows, plant operations, and logistics. It provides flexibility and agility in responding to consumer demand shifts without cost overlays in resource utilization. The fundamental premise of this philosophy is; synchronization among multiple autonomous business entities represented in it. That is, improved coordination within and between various supply-chain members. The increased coordination can lead to reduction in lead times and costs, alignment of interdependent decision-making processes, and improvement in the overall performance of each member as well as the supply-chain network. This paper describes an architecture to create the appropriate structure, install proper controls, and implement principles of optimization to synchronize the supply-chain. A supply-chain model based on a collaborative system approach is illustrated. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chandra, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop F609, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS PI NORCROSS PA 25 TECHNOLOGY PARK/ATLANTA, NORCROSS, GA 30092 USA BN 0-89806-177-6 PY 1997 BP 873 EP 878 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BK48T UT WOS:000072316100150 ER PT B AU Hwang, YK Cho, KR Lee, S Park, SM Kang, S AF Hwang, YK Cho, KR Lee, S Park, SM Kang, S GP IEEE TI Human computer cooperation in interactive motion planning SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED ROBOTICS, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - ICAR'97 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR 97) CY JUL 07-09, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP ICAR, Permanent Int Comm DE human computer interaction; motion planning; collision avoidance; tele-operation AB This paper presents an interactive motion planning system that generates collision-free motions of robots or objects. The problem of planning collision-free motions has a high complexity, and most motion-planning programs often take a long time to plan motions when the environment is cluttered. Humans on the other use a set of learned heuristics to effortlessly plan collision-free motions, but do not have as good of an accuracy in geometric collision checking as the motion-planning programs. The proposed system provides the user with a facility to utilize the heuristic power of humans along with the algorithmic power and the geometric accuracy of motion-planning programs More specifically, the user performs a global analysis of the environment and specifies robot's configurations (called subgoals) critical to finding a collision-free path, while a motion-planning program performs collision checking and finds a collision-free paths between subgoals. It has resulted in a system that is much more powerful and efficient than either a human or a computer algorithm in motion planning tasks This system is expected to reduce motion planning time drastically for tele-operated robot manipulators and for verification of feasible part motions in mechanical assembly. RP Hwang, YK (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4160-0 PY 1997 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1109/ICAR.1997.620239 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29H UT WOS:A1997BJ29H00087 ER PT B AU Tarter, CB AF Tarter, CB BE Teich, AH Nelson, SD McEnaney, C TI National lab partnerships: What works and what doesn't SO AAAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY YEARBOOK 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd AAAS Science and Technology Policy Colloquium CY APR 23-25, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Assoc Adv Sci C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 0-87168-611-2 PY 1997 BP 265 EP 278 PG 14 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BK65T UT WOS:000072971900022 ER PT B AU Clifford, TS Barton, DS Oerter, BR AF Clifford, TS Barton, DS Oerter, BR BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider control system SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider control system has been used in the commissioning of the AGS to RHIC transfer line and in the first RHIC sextant test. Much of the controls infrastructure for networks and links has been installed throughout the collider. Almost all of the controls hardware modules needed for early RHIC operations have been designed and tested. Many of these VME modules are already being used in normal AGS operations. Over 150 VME based front end computers and device controllers will be installed by the Summer of 1998 in order to be ready for Fall of 1998. A few features are being added to the front end computer core software. The bulk of the Accelerator Device Objects (ADOs) which are instantiated in the FECs, have been written and tested in the early commissioning. A configuration database has been designed. Generic control and display of ADO parameters via a spreadsheet like program on the console level computers was provided early on in the control system development. User interface tools that were developed for the AGS control system have been used in RHIC applications. Some of the basic operations programs, like alarm display and save/restore, that are used in the AGS operations have been or will be expanded to support RHIC operations. A model for application programs which involves a console level manager servicing ADOs have been verified with a few RHIC applications. More applications need to be written for the Fail of 1998 commissioning effort. A sequencer for automatic control of the fill is being written with the expectation that it will be useful in early commissioning. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Clifford, TS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600004 ER PT B AU Hofler, AS Grippo, AC Keesee, MS Song, J AF Hofler, AS Grippo, AC Keesee, MS Song, J BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Overview of control system for Jefferson Lab's high power Free Electron Laser SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB In this paper the current plans for the control system for Jefferson Lab's Infrared Free Electron Laser (FEL) are presented. The goals for the FEL control system are fourfold: 1) to use EPICS and EPICS compatible tools, 2) to use VME and IndustryPack (IPs) interfaces for FEL specific devices such as controls and diagnostics for the drive laser, high power optics, photocathode gun, and electron-beam diagnostics, 3) to migrate Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) technologies to VME when possible, and 4) to use CAMAC solutions for systems that duplicate CEBAF technologies such as RF linacs and DC magnets. This paper will describe the software developed for FEL specific devices and provide an overview of the FEL control system. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hofler, AS (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Natl Accelerator Facil, MS85A,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 47 EP 49 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600015 ER PT B AU Wang, JY Hendricks, B AF Wang, JY Hendricks, B BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI A diagnostic tool for console applications of the Fermilab accelerator control system SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Fermilab accelerator console software consists of console manager programs, console applications, and a library that has more than one thousand entry points which is named GLIB. GLIB provides support for data acquisition, user interface, error handling, memory management, database access, file access, network access, and many other things. The GLIB Peeker is a network capable diagnostic tool that allows programmers to view information about GLIB routines in a running application. GLIB Peeker runs as an application program. It can be used to inspect any application program running on any active console, and it can be set up to automatically update any diagnostic information. GLIB Peeker is an efficient tool that helps users debug and improve programs. C1 Fermilab, Beam Div, Accelerator Controls Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), Fermilab, Beam Div, Accelerator Controls Dept, MS 347,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600025 ER PT B AU White, KS Areti, H Garza, O AF White, KS Areti, H Garza, O BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Control system reliability at Jefferson Lab SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB At Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), the availability of the control system is crucial to the operation of the accelerator for experimental programs. Jefferson Lab's control system, uses 68040 based microprocessors running VxWorks, Unix workstations, and a variety of VME, CAMAC. GPIB. and serial devices. The software consists of control system toolkit software, commercial packages, and over 200 custom and generic applications, some of which are highly complex. The challenge is to keep this highly diverse and still growing system, with over 162,000 control points, operating reliably, while managing changes and upgrades to both the hardware and software. Downtime attributable to the control system includes the time to troubleshoot and repair problems and the time to restore the machine to operation of the scheduled program. This paper describes the availability of the control system during the last year, the heaviest contributors to downtime and the response to problems. Strategies for improving the robustness of the control system are detailed and include changes in hardware, software, procedures and processes. The improvements range from the routine preventive hardware maintenance, to improving our ability to detect, predict and prevent problems. This paper also describes the software tools used to assist in control system troubleshooting, maintenance and failure recovery processes. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP White, KS (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600029 ER PT B AU Jordan, K Cumbia, B Evans, R Hill, R Garza, O Wise, M AF Jordan, K Cumbia, B Evans, R Hill, R Garza, O Wise, M BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Control system for a high average power free electron laser SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A high-average-power infrared free-electron laser [1] (IRFEL) capable of continuous kW-level operation at 3 - 6 mu m, is being commissioned at Jefferson Lab in Newport News Virginia, USA. The IRFEL is located on the site of the CEBAF machine and is capable of being controlled from either the CEBAF Main Control Center (MCC) or from the local Laser Control Center (LCC). The plan is to control all functions of the electron-beam transport from the MCC except the final steering through the wiggler. All high-power-optics control and photon-beam delivery will be done from the LCC. The control system is based on EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) which is used at CEBAF. The IRFEL control system is roughly 1/10 the size of the CEBAF system. This paper will focus on new systems and describe the hardware implementation. Documentation for the systems can found at http://www.jlab.org/FEL A paper devoted to the FEL software is being presented at this conference by A. Hofler et. al. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jordan, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600030 ER PT B AU DeVan, WR Lewis, SA Gurd, DP Hammonds, J Smith, JD AF DeVan, WR Lewis, SA Gurd, DP Hammonds, J Smith, JD BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Distributed implementation plan for a large, distributed accelerator control system SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based 1 - 2 MW pulsed neutron source to be built in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The facility has five major sections a"front end" consisting of a 65 Rev H- ion source followed by a 2.5 MeV RFQ; a 1 GeV linac; a storage ring; a 1 MW spallation neutron target; and the conventional facilities to support these machines. These components will be designed and implemented by five collaborating institutions: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (front end); Los Alamos National Laboratory (linac); Brookhaven National Laboratory (storage ring); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (neutron source and conventional facilities); and Argonne National Laboratory (instruments). It is proposed to implement a fully integrated control system for all aspects of this complex. The integration will be based upon the widely-used EPICS control system toolkit. This paper introduces the SNS project, discusses the technical and organizational issues of planning a large control system to be developed collaboratively at five different institutions, and describes approaches being taken to address those issues. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DeVan, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6338, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 110 EP 112 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600034 ER PT B AU Hill, JO Kasemir, KU AF Hill, JO Kasemir, KU BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Experience using EPICS on PC platforms SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) has been widely adopted in the accelerator community. Although EPICS is available on many platforms, the majority of implementations have used UNIX workstations as clients, and VME- or VXI-based processors for distributed input output controllers. Recently, a significant portion of EPICS has been ported to personal computer (PC) hardware platforms running Microsoft's operating systems, and also Wind River System's real time vxWorks operating system. This development should significantly reduce the cost of deploying EPICS systems, and the prospect of using EPICS together with the many high quality commercial components available for PC platforms is also encouraging. A hybrid system using both PC and traditional platforms is currently being implemented at LANL for LEDA, the low energy demonstration accelerator under construction as part of the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project. To illustrate these developments we compare our recent experience deploying a PC-based EPICS system with experience deploying similar systems based on traditional (UNIX-hosted) EPICS hardware and software platforms. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, JO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600051 ER PT B AU Shea, TJ AF Shea, TJ BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI DSP implementations for accelerator instrumentation SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Digital signal processing is now a fundamental component or many Instrumentation systems. By presenting several example systems, this paper will review the functions provided by digital signal processing and discuss implementations on available hardware. The hardware platforms can be divided into three categories: reconfigurable computing systems based on field programmable gate arrays, programmable Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and general purpose microprocessors, The provided functions include: data rate reduction to decrease network load, local calculations to decrease computational load, and local real-time control. Although several examples will be presented, they all represent similar position monitoring applications that differ primarily in the signal processing implementation. Finally, the relative performance of the three implementations will be compared. Benchmark results and the ease of implementation will be discussed. signal processing is a fundamental. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shea, TJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 214 EP 218 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600068 ER PT B AU Chase, B Mason, A Meisner, K AF Chase, B Mason, A Meisner, K BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Current DSP applications in accelerator instrumentation and RF SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Beams Division at Fermilab is applying Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) to a diverse group of control and measurement systems. This paper presents Fermilab's use of the Analog Devices SHARC DSP on custom VXI and commercial VME cards in a variety of systems. It explores how these systems take advantage of an architecture that allows for software and hardware re-use, flexibility, and evolution in systems with real-time and computationally intensive requirements. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chase, B (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600069 ER PT B AU Constant, TN Zdarko, RW Simmons, RH Bennett, BM AF Constant, TN Zdarko, RW Simmons, RH Bennett, BM BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI LIONs at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The term LION is an acronym for Long Ionization Chamber. This is a distributed ion chamber which is used to monitor secondary ionization along the shield walls of a beam line resulting from incorrectly steered charged particle beams in lieu of the use of many discrete ion chambers. A cone of ionizing radiation emanating from a point source as a result of incorrect steering intercepts a portion of 1-5/8 " Heliax cable (about 100 meters in length) filled with Argon gas at 20 psi and induces a pulsed current which is proportional to the ionizing charge. This signal is transmitted via the cable to an integrator circuit whose output is directed to an electronic comparator, which in turn is used to turn off the accelerated primary beam when preset limits are exceeded. This device is used in the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Beam Containment System (BCS) to prevent potentially hazardous ionizing radiation resulting from incorrectly steered beams in areas that might be occupied by people. This paper describes the design parameters and experience in use in the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB)area of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Constant, TN (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600078 ER PT B AU McDowell, WP Sidorowicz, KV AF McDowell, WP Sidorowicz, KV BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI An accelerator controls network designed for reliability and flexibility SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The APS accelerator control system is a typical modem system based on the standard control system model, which consists of operator interfaces to a network and computer-controlled interfaces to hardware. The network provides a generalized communication path between the host computers, operator workstations, input/output crates, and other hardware that comprise the control system. The network is an integral part of all modern control systems and network performance will determine many characteristics of a control system. This paper describes the methods used to provide redundancy for various network system components as well as methods used to provide comprehensive monitoring of this network. The effect of archiving tens of thousands of data points on a regular basis and the effect on the controls network will be discussed. Metrics are provided on the performance of the system under various conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McDowell, WP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 302 EP 304 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600094 ER PT B AU Cahill, K Hendricks, B Zingelman, T AF Cahill, K Hendricks, B Zingelman, T BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Web utilization in controls at Fermilab SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The World Wide Web is utilized at Fermilab in support of controls development, maintenance and accessibility. This paper will examine the web's utility in support of application program development, application specific help, data acquisition error and statistics reporting, GIF image production including application batch scripting, and a Java front end interface to X-Window console applications. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cahill, K (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 328 EP 329 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600102 ER PT B AU Chen, J Akers, W Bickley, M Wu, DJ Watson, W AF Chen, J Akers, W Bickley, M Wu, DJ Watson, W BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI CMLOG: A common message logging system SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Common Message Logging (CMLOG) system is an object-oriented and distributed system that not only allows applications and systems to log data (messages) of any type into a centralized database but also lets applications view incoming messages in real-time or retrieve stored data from the database according to selection rules. It consists of a concurrent Unix server that handles incoming logging or searching messages, a Motif browser that can view incoming messages in real-time or display stored data in the database, a client daemon that buffers and sends logging messages to the server, and libraries that can be used by applications to send data to or retrieve data from the database via the server. This paper presents the design and implementation of the CMLOG system meanwhile it will also address the issue of integration of CMLOG into existing control systems. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Control Software Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Control Software Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 358 EP 363 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600111 ER PT B AU Morris, JT Abola, AC AF Morris, JT Abola, AC BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI What objects do controls applications need? SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Discussions of object-oriented controls programming often focus on the important interface to accelerator devices. Experience shows that, for most applications, only a small part of the application work involves the accelerator device interface. Much of the work in application programs is dedicated to other areas such as user interface, data management and physics calculations. This paper will consider the software objects beyond the device interface that provide the most assistance to application programmers. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Morris, JT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600113 ER PT B AU Skelly, JF AF Skelly, JF BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI In front end computers SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Front End Computer (FEC) environment imposes special demands on software, beyond real time performance and robustness. FEC software must manage a diverse inventory of devices with individualistic timing requirements and hardware interfaces. It must implement network services which export device access to the control system at large, interpreting a uniform network communications protocol into the specific control requirements of the individual devices. Object oriented languages provide programming techniques which neatly address these challenges, and also offer benefits in terms of maintainability and flexibility. Applications are discussed which exhibit the use of inheritance, multiple inheritance and inheritance trees, and polymorphism to address the needs of FEC software. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Skelly, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 379 EP 381 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600116 ER PT B AU Akers, W Chen, J Watson, C Bowling, B Witherspoon, S Van Zeijts, J Shoaee, H AF Akers, W Chen, J Watson, C Bowling, B Witherspoon, S Van Zeijts, J Shoaee, H BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI An object-oriented framework for client/server applications SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB When developing high-level accelerator applications it is often necessary to perform extensive calculations to generate a data set that will be used as an input for other applications. Depending on the size and complexity of these computations, regenerating the interim data sets can introduce errors or otherwise negatively impact system perform. By generating these computational data sets in advance and updating them from changes in the accelerator, we can substantially reduce the time required to perform subsequent calculations. UNIX server applications are well suited to accommodate this need by providing a centralized repository for data or computational power. Because of the inherent difficulty in writing a robust server application, the development of the network conununications software is often more burdensome than the computational engine. To simplify the task of building a client/server application, we have developed an object-oriented server shell which hides the complexity of the network software development from the programmer. This document will discuss how to implement a complete client/server application using this C++ class library with a minimal understanding of network communications mechanisms. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Akers, W (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 388 EP 390 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600119 ER PT B AU Kraimer, MR Dalesio, LR AF Kraimer, MR Dalesio, LR BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI EPICS: Extensible record and device support SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB An important feature of an Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS)-based input/output controller (IOC) is extensible record and device support. This feature allows each site to add custom record types and device support. This paper discusses the current implementation and also some thoughts for making it more flexible. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kraimer, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 394 EP 396 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600121 ER PT B AU Yacoben, K Carmichael, L AF Yacoben, K Carmichael, L BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Applying the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process to Fermilab accelerator machine data SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB During day to day operations Fermilab collects a substantial amount of accelerator machine data. This repository of data provides;In ideal basis for applying the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process. Knowledge discovery in databases is a new and emerging field that defines a set of techniques and tools for decision support and data analysis [1]. This paper describes our approach for applying the KDD process to accelerator machine data in order to improve machine operation, performance and understanding. In the initial sections of this paper we will describe our motivations and goals, along with a brief description of what the KDD process is, in the last section we will describe our steps in the application of the KDD process. This description will be in the context of a real accelerator controls application shot data analysis (SDA). C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yacoben, K (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 417 EP 419 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600127 ER PT B AU Chan, A Crane, G MacGregor, I Meyer, S Sass, R AF Chan, A Crane, G MacGregor, I Meyer, S Sass, R BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI WWW-based accelerator data warehouse SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB In addition to real time data needed for on-line control of an accelerator, there is a need for prompt access to other data required to support and maintain an operating accelerator complex. This includes data on trouble-reporting, spare parts, fabrication, calibration, drawings, etc. This paper focuses on the latter infrastructure data, which is necessary to maintain an operational facility at peak efficiency. We discuss using the World Wide Web (WWW) interface and data repositories to link these data, which are generally segregated by departments and resides on different computer platforms and software. A cornerstone of this is the collaborative effort across departments to conform to a site-wide Formal Device Name, derived from the real-time control system. The disparate databases are linked through this Formal Device Name field. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chan, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 447 EP 449 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600136 ER PT B AU Hendrickson, L Bes, S Grossberg, P McCormick, D Phinney, N Raimondi, P Ross, M AF Hendrickson, L Bes, S Grossberg, P McCormick, D Phinney, N Raimondi, P Ross, M BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Luminosity optimization feedback in the SLC SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The luminosity optimization at the SLC has been limited by the precision with which one can measure the micron size beams at the Interaction Point. Ten independent tuning parameters must be adjusted. An automated application has been used to scan each parameter over a significant range and set the minimum beam size as measured with a beam-beam deflection scan. Measurement errors limited the accuracy of this procedure and degraded the resulting luminosity. A new luminosity optimization feedback system has been developed using novel dithering techniques to maximize the luminosity with respect to the 10 parameters, which are adjusted one at a time. Control devices are perturbed around nominal setpoints, while the averaged readout of a digitized luminosity monitor measurement is accumulated for each setting. Results are averaged over many pulses to achieve high precision and then fitted to determine the optimal setting. The dithering itself causes a small loss in luminosity, but the improved optimization is expected to significantly enhance the performance of the SLC. Commissioning results are reported. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hendrickson, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 450 EP 452 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600137 ER PT B AU Carmichael, L AF Carmichael, L BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Automated task scheduling using multiple FSMs at Fermilab SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Fermilab will enter a new operational era with the installation of the Main Injector (MI), a circular accelerator and the Recycler (RCYC), a anti-proton storage ring. This transition will induce a significant increase in the complexity of the operational scenarios undertaken and has prompted the design of a more sophisticated task scheduler, one that is capable of providing a level of versatility, efficiency and automation to the process of generating task schedules. Task schedules, which serve to co-ordinate the various Fermilab machines, are currently defined by utilizing a de-centralized repository of heuristics related to how the different machines interact. The proposed task scheduler encapsulates these heuristics by resolving task schedules into sets of task groupings termed modules and then assigning various attributes to these modules. These attributes, which denote heuristics such as how quicky MI resets can be generated, serve to define the relationship of tasks within modules and modules within task schedules. The implementation of this task scheduler involves a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to create schedule specifications, multiple Finite-State Machines (FSMs) to resolve modules and attributes into a task timeline and a hardware module which dispenses the tasks to the various machines. This paper will illustrate a sample task schedule and provide a brief discussion of the implementation of the FSMs. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carmichael, L (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 456 EP 457 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600139 ER PT B AU Carwardine, JA Lenkszus, FR AF Carwardine, JA Lenkszus, FR BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Architecture of the APS real-time orbit feedback system SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The APS Real-Time Orbit Feedback System is designed to stabilize the orbit of the stored positron beam against low-frequency sources such as mechanical vibration and power supply ripple. A distributed array of digital signal processors is used to measure the orbit and compute corrections at a 1kHz rate. The system also provides extensive beam diagnostic tools. This paper describes the architectural aspects of the system and describes how the orbit correction algorithms are implemented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carwardine, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600143 ER PT B AU Ciarlette, D Gerig, R McDowell, W AF Ciarlette, D Gerig, R McDowell, W BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI The APS Intranet as a man-machine interface SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB The Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory has implemented a number of methods for people to interact with the accelerator systems. The accelerator operators use Sun workstations running MEDM and Tk/TCL to interface interactively with the accelerator; however, many people need to view information rather than interact with the machine. One of the most common interfaces for viewing information at the Advanced Photon Source is the World Wide Web. Information such as operations logbook entries, machine status updates, and displays of archived and current data are easily available to APS personnel. This interface between people and the accelerator has proven to be quite useful. Because the Intranet is operating-system independent and inherently unidirectional, ensuring the prevention of unauthorized or accidental control of the accelerators is straightforward. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ciarlette, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 512 EP 515 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600157 ER PT B AU Ahn, SC AF Ahn, SC BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Fermilab Tevatron alarms processing system SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB A new distributed alarms processing software for the Fermilab Tevatron is described. The software consists of 4 components, each with clearly defined roles. They are ALARMS_DRIVER, ALARMS, ALARMS_DB and ALARMS_DAEMON. ALARMS_DRIVER handles all communications with the front-ends via Fermilab developed ACNET protocol. Additional ALARMS applications are being constructed using Java. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ahn, SC (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 588 EP 589 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600180 ER PT B AU Jordan, K Song, J Piot, P Legg, R Kehne, D Li, R Feldl, E Krafft, GA Denard, JC Neil, GR Bohn, CL AF Jordan, K Song, J Piot, P Legg, R Kehne, D Li, R Feldl, E Krafft, GA Denard, JC Neil, GR Bohn, CL BE Zhao, JJ Daneels, A TI Real-time transverse emittance and phase-space monitor SO ACCELERATOR AND LARGE EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS CONTROL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems CY NOV 03-07, 1997 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Phys Soc, Chinese Assoc Automat, Chinese High Energy Phys Soc, Chinese Particle Accelerator Soc, European Phys Soc, Int Federat Automat Control, Assoc Asian Pacific Phys Soc, Asian Comm Future Accelerators, Hewlitt Packard Co, IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Jefferson Lab is developing a 10 MeV injector to provide an electron beam for a high-power free-electron laser (FEL). To characterize the transverse phase space of the space-charged-dominated beam produced by this injector, we designed an interceptive multislit emittance diagnostic. It incorporates an algorithm for phase-space reconstruction and subsequent calculation of the Twiss parameters and emittance for both transverse directions at an update rate exceeding 1Hz, a speed that will facilitate the transverse-phase-space matching between the injector and the FEL's accelerator that is critical for proper operation. This paper describes issues pertaining to the diagnostic's design. It also discusses the acquisition system, as well as the software algorithm and its implementation in the FEL control system. First results obtained from testing this diagnostic in Jefferson Lab's Injector Test Stand are also included. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Jordan, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 1997 BP 617 EP 619 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BN36V UT WOS:000081716600190 ER PT B AU Havener, CC AF Havener, CC BE Shafroth, SM Austin, JC TI Merged beams with multicharged ions SO ACCELERATOR-BASED ATOMIC PHYSICS TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unique Instruments for Accelerator-Based Atomic Physics Experiments, at the 13th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 07-10, 1994 CL DENTON, TX AB The feasibility of using a merged-beams technique to measure interactions at low collision energies was first successfully demonstrated in 1966 and involved measurements of symmetric charge exchange for 5 eV/amu collisions of Ar+ + Ar. Soon after, the technique was expanded to study collisions with a variety of atomic ions and neutrals, molecular ions, and electrons. Merged-beams measurements were found to be technically difficult and were generally limited to ions with low charge states (where beams of sufficient intensity existed) and to collision processes characterized by large cross sections. The recent advent of advanced ion sources, e.g., the ECR source, has allowed the merged-beams technique to be further expanded to study collisions with multicharged ions. At ORNL an ion-atom merged-beams technique has recently been used to study electron capture with multicharged ions to near-thermal collision energies. Details of the apparatus will be used to illustrate the merged-beams technique. Recent electron capture cross section measurements will be presented to illustrate the importance of the merged-beams technique in the study of low energy electron capture. RP Havener, CC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-484-8 PY 1997 BP 117 EP 145 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BH74S UT WOS:A1997BH74S00004 ER PT B AU Hulett, LD Lewis, TA Xu, J AF Hulett, LD Lewis, TA Xu, J BE Shafroth, SM Austin, JC TI Generation of slow positron beams with the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) SO ACCELERATOR-BASED ATOMIC PHYSICS TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unique Instruments for Accelerator-Based Atomic Physics Experiments, at the 13th International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 07-10, 1994 CL DENTON, TX AB This paper describes a practical technique for generating slow positron beams with an electron linac. The linac that has been adapted to this function is the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). The positron converter-moderator has been designed and positioned so as not to impair the ability of the ORELA to supply photoneutrons of defined energies for nuclear cross section measurements. Thus, the accelerator has been upgraded in ability: It can supply particles simultaneously for two independent experiments, with no appreciable increase in operating cost. The moderation technique for converting fast positrons to the monoenergetic state is described, and a practical guide for preparing moderators is given. RP Hulett, LD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-484-8 PY 1997 BP 637 EP 648 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BH74S UT WOS:A1997BH74S00019 ER PT B AU Carr, GL Williams, GP AF Carr, GL Williams, GP BE Williams, GP Dumas, P TI Infrared microspectroscopy with synchrotron radiation SO ACCELERATOR-BASED INFRARED SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Meeting on Accelerator-Based Infrared Sources and Applications CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Schwarzchild objective; diffraction; infrared detector; infrared beamline AB Infrared microspectroscopy with a high brightness synchrotron source can achieve a spatial resolution approaching the diffraction limit. However, in order to realize this intrinsic source brightness at the specimen location, some care must be taken in designing the optical system. Also, when operating in diffraction limited conditions, the effective spatial resolution is no longer controlled by the apertures typically used for a conventional (geometrically defined) measurement. Instead, the spatial resolution depends on the wavelength of light and the effective apertures of the microscope's Schwarzchild objectives. We have modeled the optical system from the synchrotron source up to the sample location and determined the diffraction-limited spatial distribution of light. Effects due to the dependence of the synchrotron source's numerical aperture on wavelength, as well as the difference between transmission and reflection measurement modes, are also addressed. Lastly, we examine the benefits (when using a high brightness source) of an extrinsic germanium photoconductive detector with cone optics as a replacement for the standard MCT detector. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2575-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3153 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86Z UT WOS:A1997BJ86Z00006 ER PT B AU McKinney, WR Hirschmugl, CJ Padmore, HA Lauritzen, T Andresen, N Andronaco, G Patton, R Fong, M AF McKinney, WR Hirschmugl, CJ Padmore, HA Lauritzen, T Andresen, N Andronaco, G Patton, R Fong, M BE Williams, GP Dumas, P TI The first infrared beamline at the ALS: Design, construction, and initial commissioning SO ACCELERATOR-BASED INFRARED SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Meeting on Accelerator-Based Infrared Sources and Applications CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE infrared; beamline; synchrotron AB The first Infrared (IR) Beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), Beamline 1.4, is described. The design of the optical and mechanical systems are discussed, including choices and tradeoffs. The initial commissioning of the beamline is reported. The beamline, while designed primarily for IR microscopy and only initially instrumented for microscopy (with a Nicolet interferometer and microscope), will have the potential for surface science experiments at grazing incidence, and time-resolved visible spectroscopy. RP McKinney, WR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,MS 2-400,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2575-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3153 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86Z UT WOS:A1997BJ86Z00007 ER PT B AU Irick, SC Jung, CR AF Irick, SC Jung, CR BE Williams, GP Dumas, P TI A comparison of three different ray trace programs for X-ray and infrared synchrotron beamline designs SO ACCELERATOR-BASED INFRARED SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Meeting on Accelerator-Based Infrared Sources and Applications CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB There are a number of ray trace programs currently used for the design of synchrotron beamlines. While several of these programs have been written and used mostly within the programmer's institution, many have also been available to the general public. This paper discusses three such programs. One is a commercial product oriented for the general optical designer (not specifically for synchrotron beamlines). One is designed for synchrotron beamlines and is free with restricted availability. Finally, one is designed for synchrotron beamlines and is used primarily in one institution. The wealth of information from general optical materials and components catalogs is readily available in the commercial program for general optical designs. This makes the design of an infrared beamline easier from the standpoint of component selection. However, this program is not easily configured for synchrotron beamline designs, particularly for a bending magnet source. The synchrotron ray trace programs offer a variety of sources, but generally are not as easy to use from the standpoint of the user interface. This paper shows ray traces of the same beamline using Optikwerks, SHADOW, and RAY, and compares the results. RP Irick, SC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2575-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3153 BP 68 EP 77 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86Z UT WOS:A1997BJ86Z00008 ER PT B AU Carr, GL Lobo, RPSM Hirschmugl, CJ LaVeigne, J Reitze, DH Tanner, DB AF Carr, GL Lobo, RPSM Hirschmugl, CJ LaVeigne, J Reitze, DH Tanner, DB BE Williams, GP Dumas, P TI Time resolved spectroscopy using synchrotron infrared pulses SO ACCELERATOR-BASED INFRARED SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Meeting on Accelerator-Based Infrared Sources and Applications CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE pump probe spectroscopy; picosecond spectroscopy; photocarrier decay; Ti, sapphire laser; far infrared AB Electron synchrotron storage rings, such as the VUV ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), produce short pulses of infrared (IR) radiation suitable for investigating time-dependent phenomena in a variety of interesting experimental systems. In contrast to other pulsed sources of IR, the synchrotron produces a continuum spectral output over the entire IR (and beyond), though at power levels typically below those obtained from laser systems. The infrared synchrotron radiation (IRSR) source is therefore well-suited as a probe using standard FTIR spectroscopic techniques. Here we describe the pump-probe spectroscopy facility being established at the NSLS and demonstrate the technique by measuring the photocarrier decay in a semiconductor. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. OI Lobo, Ricardo/0000-0003-2355-6856 NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2575-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3153 BP 80 EP 86 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86Z UT WOS:A1997BJ86Z00009 ER PT B AU Fry, RJM AF Fry, RJM GP NATL COUNCIL RALDIAT PROTECT & MEASUREMENTS TI Biology relevant to space radiation SO ACCEPTABILITY OF RISK FROM RADIATION - APPLICATION TO HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT SE NCRP SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NCRP Symposium on Acceptability of Risk Radiation - Application to Human Space Flight CY MAY 29, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements AB There are only very limited data on the health effects to humans from the two major components of the radiations in space, namely protons and heavy ions. As a result, predictions of the accompanying effects must be based either on (1) data generated through studies of experimental systems exposed on earth at rates and fluences higher than those in space, or. (2) extrapolations from studies of gamma and x rays. Better information is needed about the doses, dose rates, and the energy and LET spectra of the radiations at the organ level that are anticipated to be encountered during extended space missions. In particular, there is a need for better estimates of the relationship between radiation quality and biological effects. In the case of deterministic effects, it is the threshold that is important. The possibility of the occurrence of a large solar particle event (SPE) requires that such effects be considered during extended space missions. Analyses suggest, however, that it is feasible to provide sufficient shielding so as to reduce such effects to acceptable levels, particularly if the dose rates can be limited. If these analyses prove correct, the primary biological risks will be the stochastic effects (latent cancer induction). The contribution of one large SPE to the risk of stochastic effects while undesirable will not be large in comparison to the potential total dose on a mission of long duration. RP Fry, RJM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL RADIATION PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, SUITE 1016, BETHESDA, MD 20814 BN 0-929600-56-8 J9 NCRP SYMP PROC PY 1997 IS 3 BP 33 EP 50 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BJ28L UT WOS:A1997BJ28L00002 ER PT B AU Mauche, CW AF Mauche, CW BE Wickramasinghe, DT Bicknell, GV Ferrario, L TI The quasi-coherent oscillations of SS Cygni SO ACCRETION PHENOMENA AND RELATED OUTFLOWS: IAU COLLOQUIUM 163 SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 163 on Accretion Phenomena and Related Outflows CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL PORT DOUGLAS, AUSTRALIA SP IAU AB Properties of the quasi-coherent oscillations in the extreme ultraviolet flux of the dwarf nova SS Cygni are described. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-41,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-41-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 121 BP 251 EP 255 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK80B UT WOS:000073442600027 ER PT B AU Sparks, WM Howell, SB Huang, M AF Sparks, WM Howell, SB Huang, M BE Wickramasinghe, DT Bicknell, GV Ferrario, L TI Magnetic torque induced high/low accretion states in AM Herculis binaries SO ACCRETION PHENOMENA AND RELATED OUTFLOWS: IAU COLLOQUIUM 163 SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAU Colloquium 163 on Accretion Phenomena and Related Outflows CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL PORT DOUGLAS, AUSTRALIA SP IAU AB The AM Herculis binaries (AM Hers) have high and low accretion states. A model is proposed in which the white dwarf's rotation acts like an angular momentum storage battery for the binary orbit. The accreted material from the Roche lobe-overflowing secondary charges up this battery, whereas the magnetic torque of the white dwarf on the secondary discharges it back into the binary's orbit. The Roche lobe's volume becomes alternately larger and smaller than the secondary's volume. This alternation causes the mass flow to vary between a high and low rate. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sparks, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-41-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 121 BP 803 EP 804 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK80B UT WOS:000073442600162 ER PT B AU Feeley, TJ AF Feeley, TJ BE PrabhuDayal, PE TI An overview of the US Department of Energy's electric-utility mercury emissions R & D activities SO ACID RAIN & ELECTRIC UTILITIES II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT II Acid Rain & Electric Utilities Conference CY JAN 21-22, 1997 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP US EPA, Elect Power Res Inst, Edison Elect Inst, Air & Waste Management Assoc AB Section 112(n) (1) (A) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments requires that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) evaluate the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from fossil-fuel fired electric-utility steam generating units. The Act also mandates that EPA. conduct a separate study on the health and environmental effects, emission sources, and control of mercury. These requirements have prompted a significant lever of Federal and private-sector research and development (R&D) over the last several years, particularly related to the emission of mercury from coal-fired power plants. As part of a program directed at hazardous air pollutants, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring a broad spectrum of research on coal-fired electric-utility mercury emissions. This research initially focused on the characterization of coal-based power systems emissions. The current R&D program involves 1) the testing and evaluation of methods to measure (speciate) mercury and 2) the development of mercury control technology. The results of DOE's program, in concert with similar efforts being carried out by the Electric Power Research Institute and others, will be used to support EPA's assessment of the environmental and human hearth risks associated with the emission of mercury from coal-fired utility boilers. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Feeley, TJ (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA PY 1997 BP 859 EP 866 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BL49Z UT WOS:000075703500066 ER PT J AU Bergstrom, PM Kissel, L Pratt, RH Costescu, A AF Bergstrom, PM Kissel, L Pratt, RH Costescu, A TI Investigation of the angle dependence of the photon-atom anomalous scattering factors SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; GAMMA-RAYS; RETARDATION; ENERGIES AB The angle dependence of the elastic photon-atom scattering amplitude is investigated using full relativistic S-matrix calculations for guidance. A simple quantitative approach is developed based on the full nonrelativistic amplitude for Rayleigh scattering from the ground state of a hydrogenic ion and it is successfully applied to neutral atoms of low and intermediate nuclear charge. This framework is useful for scattering of X-rays with energies above the K-shell ionization threshold but below energies where major relativistic corrections are necessary. The generalized anomalous scattering factors presented here go beyond the usual angle-independent anomalous-scattering-factor approximation, permitting a discussion of the full angular dependence of the anomalous scattering factors. Simple formulas, expressed in terms of elementary functions and a lookup table, are presented for these generalized anomalous scattering factors. Numerical examples illustrate that the angle dependence can be substantial. A fairly good representation of full numerical results is achieved. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV BUCHAREST,DEPT PHYS,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. RP Bergstrom, PM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PHYS & SPACE TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,DIV 5,ATOM PROC GRP,L-41,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1107/S0108767396009609 PN 1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA WG946 UT WOS:A1997WG94600001 ER PT J AU Crane, BR Bellamy, H Getzoff, ED AF Crane, BR Bellamy, H Getzoff, ED TI Multiwavelength anomalous diffraction of sulfite reductase hemoprotein: Making the most of MAD data SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID AREA-DETECTOR DIFFRACTOMETER; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; DISPERSION; PROTEIN; INFORMATION; BINDING; SYSTEM AB The structure of the 60 kDa E-coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein (SiRHP) was determined by using multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) to exploit the relatively small anomalous signals produced near the Fe K absorption edge from the protein's native Fe4S4 cluster and siroheme Fe atom. Because of systematic measurement error, generation of useful MAD data required rejection of outlying intensity observations that were only identified by careful manual scrutiny of the observed intensities and single parameter scaling among wedges of diffraction data. The key steps for obtaining effective phases were local anisotropic scaling between Bijvoet pairs and among wavelengths, extraction of phase information from unmerged observations, and refinement of the anomalous scattering model. Important factors for positioning the anomalous scattering model included removal of aberrant coefficients from Patterson syntheses, positional refinement of the Fe positions against MAD-derived normal-scattering amplitudes, and systematic searches of cluster orientation that attempted to optimize agreement between observed and calculated MAD intensities. To obtain MAD phases for reflections that were underdetermined for least-squares methods, parameters necessary for defining phase-probability distributions had to be estimated from the anomalous scattering model. The MAD phase distributions, when combined probabilistically with otherwise insufficient MIR phase information, led to the determination of the SiRHP structure. The techniques developed and lessons learned from the SiRHP MAD experiment should be applicable to the design of MAD experiments on other macromolecules. C1 STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. RP Crane, BR (reprint author), SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOL BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 8 EP 22 DI 10.1107/S0907444996007251 PN 1 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA WJ221 UT WOS:A1997WJ22100001 PM 15299968 ER PT J AU Leos, SH Bigbee, WL Jensen, RH Grant, SG AF Leos, SH Bigbee, WL Jensen, RH Grant, SG TI SfaNI polymorphism distinguishes the alleles of the glycophorin A locus that determine the MN blood group SO ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA LA English DT Article ID GROUP-SPECIFIC SEQUENCES; CDNA CLONES; HUMAN GENOME; RESTRICTION; RFLP; DNA C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,CTR ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH & TOXICOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15238. UNIV PITTSBURGH,INST CANC,MOL CARCINOGENESIS PROGRAM,PITTSBURGH,PA 15238. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RI Grant, Stephen/D-6984-2014 OI Grant, Stephen/0000-0002-9236-0913 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5792 J9 ACTA HAEMATOL-BASEL JI Acta Haematol. PY 1997 VL 98 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XF747 UT WOS:A1997XF74700011 PM 9210916 ER PT J AU Hughes, DA Liu, Q Chrzan, DC Hansen, N AF Hughes, DA Liu, Q Chrzan, DC Hansen, N TI Scaling of microstructural parameters: Misorientations of deformation induced boundaries SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES; ISLAND GROWTH; EVOLUTION; CRYSTALS AB A scaling hypothesis was developed and applied to parameters describing the evolving deformation microstructure based on a physics analogy with nucleation and aggregation during thin film growth. These parameters included the spacing and misorientation angles associated with dislocation boundaries. Detailed distributions of the misorientation angles that developed with increasing strain were measured using the transmission electron microscope and Kikuchi pattern analysis. These widely varying distributions collapse into a single distribution when scaled by the average angle for a wide strain range from 0.06 to 0.8. Within this scaling regime, only one parameter governs the evolution of these structures: the average angle. Furthermore, the average angle was found to be simply related to the strain, providing a direct link between the microstructural parameters and the deformation. Copyright (C) 1996 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 RISO NATL LAB,DEPT MAT,DK-4000 ROSKILDE,DENMARK. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CTR MAT & APPL MECH,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 20 TC 245 Z9 248 U1 4 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00153-X PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WB869 UT WOS:A1997WB86900009 ER PT J AU Albert, DE Gray, GT AF Albert, DE Gray, GT TI Mechanical and microstructural response of Ti-24Al-11Nb as a function of temperature and strain rate SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TI3AL; DISLOCATIONS; SAMPLES; ALLOY; SLIP AB The effect of temperature and strain rate on the substructure evolution and mechanical response of Ti-24Al-11Nb has been investigated. Deformation in compression at both dynamic (10(3)/s) and quasi-static strain rates (10(-1)/s and 10(-3)/s) was studied. Quasi-static tests were performed at room temperature (RT) and -196 degrees C (LN2). Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar tests were conducted at RT, 200 and 700 degrees C. The true stress/true strain response of Ti-24Al-11Nb depended on both the applied strain rate and, to a lesser extent, the test temperature; the rate of strain hardening increased with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of Ti-24Al-11Nb at 3% strain increased with decreasing temperature at both quasi-static and dynamic strain rates. The strain rate sensitivity was determined to be 0.014, a moderate value. TEM indicated that heterogeneous planar slip was predominant under all deformation conditions. Copyright (C) 1996 Acta Metallurgica Inc. RP Albert, DE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,MAIL STOP G755,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(96)00089-4 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WB869 UT WOS:A1997WB86900029 ER PT J AU Blum, H Hendrey, G Nosberger, J AF Blum, H Hendrey, G Nosberger, J TI Effects of elevated CO2, N fertilization, and cutting regime on the production and quality of Lolium perenne L. shoot necromass SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agroecosystem; managed grassland; litter; nitrogen; FACE; CO2 enrichment AB In the Swiss grassland FACE experiment, we measured the effect of elevated CO2 on the shoot necromass production and quality of Lolium perenne in 1995. Dead stubble of reproductive tillers and dead leaf sheaths were the main components of necromass. Elevated CO2 did not significantly change the amount and the nitrogen concentration of necromass. Significantly more necromass was produced and the N concentration was lower in the low N supply treatments. Total necromass amounted to 250-500 g m(-2). Necromass N content was in the order of 5-6 g m(-2) This underscores the importance of the carbon and nitrogen fluxes included in necromass and their importance for soil biology and fertility. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Blum, H (reprint author), ETH ZURICH,INST PLANT SCI,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 3 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S1146-609X(97)80017-3 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YA143 UT WOS:A1997YA14300017 ER PT J AU Csoto, A AF Csoto, A TI Be-7(rho,gamma)B-8 and the high-energy solar neutrino flux SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Shapes CY MAY 12-17, 1997 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID BE-7(P,GAMMA)B-8 AB The importance of the Be-7(p, gamma)B-8 reaction in predicting the high-energy solar neutrino flux is discussed. I present a microscopic eight-body model and a potential model for the calculation of the Be-7(p, gamma)B-8 cross section. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Csoto, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112DA UT WOS:000075477800012 ER PT J AU Nazarewicz, W AF Nazarewicz, W TI Physics of radioactive nuclear beams: Theoretical perspective SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Shapes CY MAY 12-17, 1997 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; SHELL STRUCTURE; MASS FORMULA; DRIP-LINE; R-PROCESS; STABILITY AB One of the main frontiers of nuclear structure today is the physics of radioactive nuclear beams. Thanks to developments in experimental technology, we are on the verge of invading new territory of extreme N/Z ratios in an unprecedented way. Experiments with radioactive beams will make it possible to look closely into many aspects of the nuclear many-body problem. What makes this subject both exciting and difficult is: (i) the weak binding and corresponding closeness of the particle continuum, implying a large diffuseness of the nuclear surface and extreme spatial dimensions characterizing the outermost nucleons, and (ii) access to the exotic combinations of proton and neutron numbers which offers prospects for completely new structural phenomena. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Nazarewicz, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112DA UT WOS:000075477800015 ER PT J AU Macchiavelli, AO AF Macchiavelli, AO TI Highlights of experimental results from gammasphere SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Shapes CY MAY 12-17, 1997 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID SUPERDEFORMED BAND; MASS REGION; NUCLEI AB The large improvement in the resolving power of the new generation of gamma-ray arrays is providing new insights in the understanding of the interplay between collective and single-particle motion at extreme conditions. In this paper I will review some of the technical aspects of GAMMASPHERE and discuss a few examples among the broad range of nuclear physics topics that can be addressed with such a detector system. These will include: (i) Superdeformation in the Mass 60 and 80 regions and (ii) Lifetime measurements of magnetic rotational bands. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Macchiavelli, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 219 EP 228 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112DA UT WOS:000075477800024 ER PT J AU Lauritsen, T Hackman, G Khoo, TL Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lopez-Martens, A Ackermann, D Ahmad, I Amro, H Blumenthal, DJ Fischer, SM Nisius, DT Hannachi, F Korichi, A Moore, EF AF Lauritsen, T Hackman, G Khoo, TL Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Lopez-Martens, A Ackermann, D Ahmad, I Amro, H Blumenthal, DJ Fischer, SM Nisius, DT Hannachi, F Korichi, A Moore, EF TI The decay-out of superdeformed bands in the A=190 region: What have we learned? SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Shapes CY MAY 12-17, 1997 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID GAMMA-RAYS; ENERGIES; STATES; SPIN AB One-step decay transitions linking the superdeformed (SD) bands 1 and 3 in Hg-194 to yrast levels are discussed. Inter-band transitions between bands 1 and 3 have also been identified. For the first time, the spin, parity and excitation energy have been determined for two SD bands in the same nucleus. The low excitation energy of the excited band supports the view that it is based on an octupole excitation. It is believed that Porter-Thomas fluctuations play a major role in determining the strength of the one-step transitions as suggested by the fact that only one other SD band has been linked in the A = 190 mass region (Pb-194) at th, present time. When Porter-Thomas fluctuations prevent the observation of one-step or two-step linking transitions, as e.g. in the case of Hg-192, the analysis of the quasi-continuous part of the decay-out spectrum provides an alternative method for the determination of the excitation energy and spin of an SD band. This method is discussed in detail. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lauritsen, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 229 EP 240 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112DA UT WOS:000075477800025 ER PT J AU Beausang, CW Wilson, AN Amzal, N Appelbe, DE Asztalos, S Butler, PA Clark, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO AF Beausang, CW Wilson, AN Amzal, N Appelbe, DE Asztalos, S Butler, PA Clark, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO TI High-spin states following multi-nucleon transfer SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Shapes CY MAY 12-17, 1997 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID SUPERDEFORMATION AB High-spin states following deep-inelastic multi-nucleon transfer have been studied using the Gammasphere array at LBNL. A Ni-64 beam was incident upon a thick Pb-208 target, leading to the population of more than 130 different nuclei. The strongest channels correspond to nuclei close to the projectile and target, although transfer of up to 50 nucleons has been observed. New high-spin states in neutron-rich Fe, Ni and Zn have been observed, indicating that this type of reaction provides a means of exploring neutron-rich nuclei which cannot normally be reached by heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. The data has been searched for superdeformed (SD) states in the A = 190 - 200 region, but as yet no evidence for their presence has been found. C1 Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beausang, CW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112DA UT WOS:000075477800034 ER PT J AU Smith, MB Appelbe, DE Beausang, CW Twin, PJ Asztalos, S Bentley, MA Clark, RM Cullen, DM Dagnall, PJ Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Erturk, S Fallon, P Finck, C Haas, B Macchiavelli, AO Rigollet, C Savayols, H Stezowski, O AF Smith, MB Appelbe, DE Beausang, CW Twin, PJ Asztalos, S Bentley, MA Clark, RM Cullen, DM Dagnall, PJ Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Erturk, S Fallon, P Finck, C Haas, B Macchiavelli, AO Rigollet, C Savayols, H Stezowski, O TI The search for hyperdeformation in Dy-152 SO ACTA PHYSICA HUNGARICA NEW SERIES-HEAVY ION PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Shapes CY MAY 12-17, 1997 CL DEBRECEN, HUNGARY ID SPECTRA AB Three experiments have been carried out to search for the existence of Hyperdeformed states (HD) in the nucleus Dy-152. These three experiments were designed to test different properties of the expected HD structures. As a result of these experiments no clear evidence for HD states in Dy-152 has been observed. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Staffordshire Univ, Sch Sci, Stoke On Trent ST4 2DE, Staffs, England. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Smith, MB (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 1219-7580 J9 ACTA PHYS HUNG NS-H JI Acta Phys. Hung. New Ser.-Heavy Ion Phys. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 306 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 112DA UT WOS:000075477800036 ER PT J AU Johnston, DC AF Johnston, DC TI Magnetic susceptibility of Sr2CuO3 and SrCu2O3 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the European Conference Physics of Magnetism 96 CY JUN 24-28, 1996 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, Inst Molec Phys, Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Phys ID SPIN GAP; LADDER; CHAIN; (VO)2P2O7; 2-LEG AB The observed magnetic susceptibility chi(obs)(T) data of Ami et al. for the linear-chain cuprate Sr2CuO3 are re-analyzed in terms of recent theory of Eggert et al. for the spin susceptibility chi(T) of the spin S = 1/2 linear-chain Heisenberg antiferromagnet, which yielded the Cu-Cu exchange constant J/k(B) = 2150 K. Values for J', the exchange constant in the rungs, and J, that in the legs, were estimated for the S = 1/2 two-leg ladder compound SrCu2O3, using the,chi(T) data of Azuma et al. The analyses suggest that J'/J approximate to 0.5, contrary to the expectation that J'/J approximate to I, and that J/k(B) is very large (approximate to 2000 K), similar to that in Sr2CuO3. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP Johnston, DC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,US DOE,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 91 IS 1 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WG935 UT WOS:A1997WG93500016 ER PT J AU Myers, WD Swiatecki, WJ AF Myers, WD Swiatecki, WJ TI The nuclear Thomas-Fermi model with angular momentum: Fission barriers, superdeformations, moments of inertia SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res AB We added a rotational energy to our Thomas-Fermi nuclear model of W.D. Myers, W.J. Swiatecki, Acta Phys. Pol. B27, 99 (1996) and W.D. Myers, W.J. Swiatecki, Nucl. Phys. A601, 141 (1996) and present here a survey of fission barriers, deformation energies, gamma-ray rotational cascades and moments of inertia. We explore a hypothesis according to which the moment of inertia of a deformed nucleus can be estimated by subtracting from the rigid-body value the moment of inertia of an inscribed sphere. RP Myers, WD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800002 ER PT J AU Ormand, WE AF Ormand, WE TI Shell-model studies of nuclei at the proton drip-line SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res AB Binding energies for nuclei with A less than or equal to 70 can be predicted by exploiting analog symmetry. This is accomplished by computing the Coulomb energy difference between mirror nuclei and adding the Coulomb shift to the experimental binding energy of the neutron-rich mirror. The location of the proton drip-line is investigated and candidates for the detection of the exotic decay mode known as di-proton emission are identified. The consequences of analog-symmetry breaking on the calibration of solar neutrino detectors are discussed. C1 IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ MILANO,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 90 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800010 ER PT J AU Diamond, RM AF Diamond, RM TI Two recent experiments at Gammasphere SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res ID SUPERDEFORMED STATES; DIPOLE BANDS; SHAPE ISOMER; DECAY; COLLECTIVITY; REGION; PB-194 AB Two Gammasphere experiments of the past year are described to illustrate the new capabilities possible. One involves lifetime measurements on M1 bands in Pb-198,Pb-199 to see if the predictions of the TAC model of Frauendorf for B(M1) values of the ''shears bands'' hold experimentally. The other is a search for discrete linking transitions between the superdeformed and normal deformed bands in Pb-194 in order to determine the spins, parity, and excitation energy of the superdeformed band. RP Diamond, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 120 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800014 ER PT J AU Kharraja, B Garg, U Ghugre, SS Carpenter, M Crowell, B Fisher, S Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Lauristen, T Nissius, D Mueller, W Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Kaczarowski, R Ruchowska, E Govil, IM AF Kharraja, B Garg, U Ghugre, SS Carpenter, M Crowell, B Fisher, S Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Lauristen, T Nissius, D Mueller, W Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Kaczarowski, R Ruchowska, E Govil, IM TI Spectroscopy of Ru-96-98 and neighboring nuclei: Shell model calculations and lifetime measurements SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res ID HIGH-SPIN; STATES AB High Spin states in Mo-94,Mo-95, Tc94-96, Ru96-98 and Rh-97,Rh-98 were populated via the Cu-65(S-36,xpyn) reactions at 142 MeV. Level schemes of these nuclei have been extended up to a spill of J approximate to 20HBAR and an excitation energy of E(x) approximate to 12-14 MeV. Information on the high spin structure for Tc-96 and Rh-95 has been obtained for the first time. Spherical shell model calculations have been performed and compared with the experimental excitation energies. The level structures of the N = 51, 52 isotones exhibit single-particle nature even at the highest spins and excitation energies. A fragmentation of intensity into several branches after breaking of the N = 50 core has been observed. There are indications for the onset of collectivity around neutron number N = 53 in this mass region. A sequence of E2 transitions, reminiscent of vibrational degree of freedom, were observed in Ru-98 at spins just above the observed N = 50 core breaking. RDM lifetime measurements have been performed to ascertain the intrinsic structures of these level sequences. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. SOLTAN INST NUCL STUDIES,PL-05400 OTWOCK,POLAND. PANJAB UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHANDIGARH 160014,INDIA. RP Kharraja, B (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800025 ER PT J AU Zhang, CT Bhattacharyya, P Daly, PJ Broda, R Grabowski, ZW Nisius, D Ahmad, I Ishii, T Carpenter, MP Morss, LR Phillips, WR Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Smith, AG Urban, W Varley, BJ Schulz, N Lubkiewicz, E Bentaleb, M Blomqvist, J AF Zhang, CT Bhattacharyya, P Daly, PJ Broda, R Grabowski, ZW Nisius, D Ahmad, I Ishii, T Carpenter, MP Morss, LR Phillips, WR Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Smith, AG Urban, W Varley, BJ Schulz, N Lubkiewicz, E Bentaleb, M Blomqvist, J TI Shell-model high-spin yrast states of fission product nuclei above doubly magic Sn-132 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res AB Prompt gamma-ray cascades in neutron-rich nuclei around doubly-magic Sn-132 have been studied at Eurogam 2 array using a Cm-248 fission source. Yrast states to above 5.5 MeV in the two- and three-proton N = 82 isotones Te-134 and I-135 are reported. They are interpreted in terms of valence proton and particle-hole core excitations with the help of shell model calculations employing empirical nucleon-nucleon interactions from both Sn-132 and Pb-208 regions. A serious inconsistency in the accepted masses of N = 82 isotones near Sn-132 is discovered but not resolved. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. UNIV STRASBOURG 1,CTR RECH NUCL,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS FRESCATI,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP Zhang, CT (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800032 ER PT J AU Lee, IY AF Lee, IY TI Production of neutron-rich nuclei using deep-inelastic reactions SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; COLLISIONS AB We have used the reactions Ca-48 + Yb-176, Sm-154 + Yb-176 and Sm-154 + Pb-208 to study the feasibility of populating high spin states in neutron-rich nuclei by deep-inelastic reactions. Using Gammasphere, we observed gamma transitions from nuclei with several neutrons richer than the target. Yrast states with spin up to 20 were populated in these reactions. High spin states in Yb-175,Yb-177,Yb-178 were observed for the first time. Back bending behavior in Yb nuclei was studied and compared with cranked shell model calculations. Yields of neutron rich nuclei and high spin states are higher in the Sm induced reactions, But larger Doppler broadening limits the observation of the high spin states. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800034 ER PT J AU Gorska, M Lipoglavsek, M Grawe, H Nyberg, J Atac, A Axelsson, A Bark, R Blomqvist, J Cederkall, J Cederwall, B DeAngelis, G Fahlander, C Johnson, A Leoni, S Likar, A Matiuzzi, M Mitarai, S Norlin, LO Palacz, M Persson, J Roth, HA Schubart, R Seweryniak, D Shizuma, T Skeppstedt, O Sletten, G Walters, WB Weiszflog, M AF Gorska, M Lipoglavsek, M Grawe, H Nyberg, J Atac, A Axelsson, A Bark, R Blomqvist, J Cederkall, J Cederwall, B DeAngelis, G Fahlander, C Johnson, A Leoni, S Likar, A Matiuzzi, M Mitarai, S Norlin, LO Palacz, M Persson, J Roth, HA Schubart, R Seweryniak, D Shizuma, T Skeppstedt, O Sletten, G Walters, WB Weiszflog, M TI Spectroscopy of the T-z=1 nuclei close to Sn-100 SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res ID MODEL AB The two nuclei Cd-98 and Sn-102, closest neighbours of Sn-100, have been studied with a recoil catcher setup, following the reactions: Ni-58(Ti-46, alpha 2n)Cd-98 and Ni-58(Cr-50, alpha 2n)Sn-102. Long lived isomeric states were measured in Cd-98 I-pi = (8+), t(1/2) = 0.48(8) mu s and in Sn-102 I-pi = (6(+)) with t(1/2) = 1.0(6) mu s. The proposed experimental level schemes of the isomeric decay are presented and compared to the shell model predictions. C1 UNIV WARSAW, INST EXPT PHYS, WARSAW, POLAND. UPPSALA UNIV, SVEDBERG LAB, UPPSALA, SWEDEN. UPPSALA UNIV, DEPT RADIAT SCI, UPPSALA, SWEDEN. JOZEF STEFAN INST, LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA. HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN GMBH, D-1000 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV COPENHAGEN, NIELS BOHR INST, DK-2100 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. ROYAL INST TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, S-10044 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, LAB NAZL LEGNARO, I-35020 LEGNARO, PADOVA, ITALY. KYUSHU UNIV, FAC SCI, DEPT PHYS, FUKUOKA 812, JAPAN. SOLTAN INST NUCL STUDIES, OTWOCK, POLAND. CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL, S-41296 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH MBH, D-64291 DARMSTADT, GERMANY. RI Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; Palacz, Marcin/H-3713-2012 OI Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800039 ER PT J AU Aumann, T Boretzky, K Stroth, J Wajda, E Blaich, T Cub, J Dostal, W Eberlein, B Elze, TW Grunschloss, A Henning, W Holeczek, J Holzmann, R Klingler, H Kozhuharov, C Kulessa, R Lambrecht, D Leifels, Y Leistenschneider, A Lubkiewicz, E Ohtsuki, T Reiter, P Stelzer, K Summerer, K Surowiec, A Walus, W Zinser, M Zude, E AF Aumann, T Boretzky, K Stroth, J Wajda, E Blaich, T Cub, J Dostal, W Eberlein, B Elze, TW Grunschloss, A Henning, W Holeczek, J Holzmann, R Klingler, H Kozhuharov, C Kulessa, R Lambrecht, D Leifels, Y Leistenschneider, A Lubkiewicz, E Ohtsuki, T Reiter, P Stelzer, K Summerer, K Surowiec, A Walus, W Zinser, M Zude, E TI Coulomb fragmentation and coulomb fission of relativistic heavy-ions and related nuclear structure aspects SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXI Zakopane School of Physics CY SEP 03-11, 1996 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND SP Polish State Comm Sci Res ID GIANT-DIPOLE RESONANCE; ELECTROMAGNETIC DISSOCIATION; INCLUSIVE MEASUREMENTS; EXCITATION; PB-208; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; REMOVAL; DECAY; U-238 AB The Coulomb excitation of Pb-208 projectiles has been studied at an energy of 640 A MeV. Cross sections for the excitation of the two-phonon giant dipole resonance were measured for different targets, and show clear evidence for a two-step electromagnetic excitation mechanism. The experimental cross sections exceed those calculated in the harmonic oscillator approximation by a factor of 1.33 +/- 0.16. The deduced 2 gamma-decay probability is consistent with the expectation in the harmonic limit. Finally, the excitation of the two-phonon giant dipole resonance in the deformed and fissile nucleus U-238 is discussed. C1 UNIV FRANKFURT,INST KERNPHYS,D-60489 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH MBH,D-64291 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. JAGIELLONIAN UNIV,INST PHYS,PL-30059 KRAKOW,POLAND. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. SILESIAN UNIV,INST PHYS,PL-40007 KATOWICE,POLAND. TOHOKU UNIV,NUCL SCI LAB,SENDAI,MIYAGI 982,JAPAN. RP Aumann, T (reprint author), UNIV MAINZ,INST KERNCHEM,D-55029 MAINZ,GERMANY. RI Aumann, Thomas/B-1455-2012 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 375 EP 385 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WN798 UT WOS:A1997WN79800048 ER PT B AU Gavel, D AF Gavel, D BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI The effect of the Keck telescope's segmented primary on the performance of the Keck adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The 349 degree of freedom Keek adaptive optics system will be mapped on to the 36 segment Keek primary mirror. Each telescope segment is independently controlled in piston and tilt by an active control system and each segment also has its own set of aberrations. This presents a unique set of problems for the Keek: adaptive optics system, not encountered with continuous primaries. To a certain extent the low order segment aberrations, beginning with focus, can be corrected statically by the adaptive optic system. However, the discontinuous surface at the segment edges present special problems in sensing and correcting wavefront with laser guide stars or natural guide stars. RP Gavel, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.279037 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00015 ER PT B AU Olivier, SS Max, CE Friedman, HW An, J Avicola, K Beeman, BV Bissinger, HD Brase, JM Erbert, GV Gavel, DT Kanz, K Macintosh, B Neeb, KP Waltjen, KE AF Olivier, SS Max, CE Friedman, HW An, J Avicola, K Beeman, BV Bissinger, HD Brase, JM Erbert, GV Gavel, DT Kanz, K Macintosh, B Neeb, KP Waltjen, KE BE Tyson, RK Fugate, RQ TI First significant image improvement from a sodium-layer laser guide star adaptive optics system at Lick Observatory SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive optics; laser guide star; sodium layer; imaging AB Atmospheric turbulence severely limits the resolution of ground-based telescopes. Adaptive optics can correct for the aberrations caused by the atmosphere, but requires a bright wavefront reference source in close angular proximity to the object being imaged. Since natural reference stars of the necessary brightness are relatively rare, methods of generating artificial reference beacons have been under active investigation for more than a decade. In this paper, we report the first significant image improvement achieved using a sodium-layer laser guide star as a wavefront reference for a high-order adaptive optics system. An artificial beacon was created by resonant scattering from atomic sodium in the mesosphere, at an altitude of 95 km. Using this laser guide star, an adaptive optics system on the 3 m Shane Telescope at Lick Observatory produced a factor of 2.4 increase in peak intensity and a factor of 2 decrease in full width at half maximum of a stellar image, compared with image motion compensation alone. The Strehl ratio when using the laser guide star as the reference was 65% of that obtained with a natural guide star, and the image full widths at half maximum were identical, 0.3 are sec, using either the laser or the natural guide star. This sodium-layer laser guide star technique holds great promise for the world's largest telescopes. RP Olivier, SS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2548-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3126 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.290151 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ86X UT WOS:A1997BJ86X00026 ER PT S AU Bell, CE Eisenberg, D AF Bell, CE Eisenberg, D BE Haag, F KochNolte, F TI Crystal structure of diphtheria toxin bound to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide SO ADP-RIBOSYLATION IN ANIMAL TISSUES: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND BIOLOGY OF MONO (ADP-RIBOSYL) TRANSFERASES AND RELATED ENZYMES SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Biological Significance of Mono-ADP-Ribosylation in Animal Tissues CY MAY 19-23, 1996 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Forschungsgemeinsch ID ACTIVE-SITE MUTATIONS; ADP-RIBOSYLATING TOXINS; AERUGINOSA EXOTOXIN-A; NAD BINDING-SITE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; REFINED STRUCTURE; ELONGATION FACTOR-2; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; RESOLUTION AB The crystal structure of diphtheria toxin (DT) in complex with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has been determined by x-ray crystallography to 2.3 Angstrom resolution. NAD binds to a cleft on the surface of the catalytic (C) domain of DT, interacting closely with the side chains of Tyr54, Tyr65, His21, Thr23, and Glu 48. The carboxylate group of Glu148 of DT lies approximately 4 Angstrom from the scissile, N-glycosidic bond of NAD, suggesting a possible catalytic role for Glu148 in stabilizing a positively charged oxocarbonium intermediate. Residues 39-46 of the active-site loop of the C-domain become disordered upon NAD-binding, suggesting a potential role for these residues in binding to elongation facor-2 (EF-2). Structural alignments of the DT-NAD complex with the structures of other ADP-ribosylating toxins suggest how NAD may bind to these other enzymes. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095 USA. RP Bell, CE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, US DOE, LAB STRUCT BIOL & MOL MED, INST MOL BIOL, BOX 951569, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31299, GM07185] NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45510-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 419 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BH84G UT WOS:A1997BH84G00004 PM 9193634 ER PT S AU Siemann, RH AF Siemann, RH BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Status and future directions for advanced accelerator research - Conventional and non-conventional collider concepts SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The relationship between advanced accelerator research and future directions for particle physics is discussed. Comments are made about accelerator research trends in hadron colliders, muon colliders, and e(+)e(-) linear colliders. RP Siemann, RH (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00001 ER PT S AU Leemans, WP AF Leemans, WP BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Electron beam monitoring at high frequencies and ultra-fast time scales SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Radiation based methods for electron beam monitoring that are capable of providing information on ultra-fast time and micron spatial scales are discussed. The radiation is produced through interaction of the electron beam with a medium (transition and Cerenkov radiation), or through interaction with fields from a bending magnet or a high intensity laser pulse. Examples of techniques based on optical transition radiation (OTR) as well as on laser Thomson scattering are presented, which allow measurement of both transverse and longitudinal phase space distributions. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 23 EP 39 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00003 ER PT S AU BenZvi, I AF BenZvi, I BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Recent progress in photoinjectors SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys RP BenZvi, I (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 40 EP 54 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00004 ER PT S AU Gai, W Conde, M Cox, G Konecny, R Power, J Schoessow, P Simpson, J Barov, N AF Gai, W Conde, M Cox, G Konecny, R Power, J Schoessow, P Simpson, J Barov, N BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Performance of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility and initial experimental results SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility has begun its experimental program. This unique facility is designed to address advanced acceleration research which requires very short, intense electron bunches. The facility incorporates two photo-cathode based electron sources. One produces up to 100 nC, multi-kiloamp 'drive' bunches which are used to excite wakefields in dielectric loaded structures and in plasma. The second source produces much lower intensity 'witness' pulses which are used to probe the fields produced by the drive. The drive and witness pulses can be precisely timed as well as laterally positioned with respect to each other. We discuss commissioning, initial experiments, and outline plans for a proposed 1 GeV demonstration accelerator. RP Gai, W (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 116 EP 125 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00011 ER PT S AU Carrigan, RA AF Carrigan, RA BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Developments in relativistic channeling SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The possibility of using channeling as a tool for high energy accelerator applications and particle physics has now been extensively investigated. Bent crystals have been used for accelerator extraction and for particle deflection. Applications as accelerating devices have been discussed but have not yet been tried. RP Carrigan, RA (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 146 EP 163 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00013 ER PT S AU Wang, XJ AF Wang, XJ BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Summary report: Working group 4 on ''beam monitoring, conditioning, and control at high frequencies and ultrafast timescales'' SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The highlights of Seventh Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC) working group IV (Beam Monitoring, Conditioning and Control at High Frequencies and Ultrafast Timescales) are presented in this report. The talks given at the working group covered a wide range of beam monitoring subjects. They include a new technique for measuring sub-picosecond electron beam bunch length, an optical stochastic cooling experiment, timing jitter measurement of a photocathode injector, and a proposed experiment to measure micro-bunching of an IFEL accelerator. Working group IV also carried out extensive discussions on the longitudinal and transverse emittance characterization of short (sub-picosecond) low emittance (normalized rms emittance < 1 mm-mrad) electron beams, and beam diagnostic requirements for a Muon collider. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00017 ER PT S AU Westenskow, GA AF Westenskow, GA BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Summary report: Working group 6 on ''microwave SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB This report summarizes the discussions of the Microwave Source Working Group during the Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop held October 13-19, 1996 in the Granlibakken Conference Center at Lake Tahoe, California. Progress on rf sources being developed for linear colliders is reviewed. Possible choices for high-power rf sources at 34 GHz and 94 GHz for future colliders are examined. RP Westenskow, GA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00019 ER PT S AU Xie, M Tajima, T Yokoya, K Chattopadhyay, S AF Xie, M Tajima, T Yokoya, K Chattopadhyay, S BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Studies of laser-driven 5 TeV e(+)e(-) colliders in strong quantum beamstrahlung regime SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB We explore the multidimensional space of beam parameters, looking for preferred regions of operation for a e(+)e(-)linear collider at 5 TeV center of mass energy. Due to several major constraints such a collider is pushed into certain regime of high beamstrahlung parameter, Upsilon, where beamstrahlung can be suppressed by quantum effect. The collider performance at high r regime is examined with IP simulations using the code CAIN. Given the required beam parameters we then discuss the feasibility of laser-driven accelerations. In particular, we will discuss the capabilities of laser wakefield acceleration and comment on the difficulties and uncertainties associated with the approach. It is hoped that such an exercise will offer valuable guidelines for and insights into the current development of advanced accelerator technologies oriented towards future collider applications. RP Xie, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 233 EP 242 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00021 ER PT S AU Kim, KJ AF Kim, KJ BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Emittance in particle and radiation beam techniques SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB We discuss the important and diverse role of the phase space area-the emittance-in the advanced techniques involving interaction of particle and radiation beams. For undulator radiation from unbunched beams, the radiation phase space is diluted from the coherent phase space of the single electron radiation. When the undulator radiation is used as a light source, it is important to minimize the dilution by decreasing the beam emittance and matching the phase space distributions of the particle and the radiation beams. For optical stochastic cooling, on the other hand, the phase space should be maximally mismatched for efficient cooling. In the case particles are bunched to a length much shorter than the radiation wavelength, the emittance appears as an intensity enhancement factor. In the operation of free electron lasers, the phase space matching becomes doubly important, once as the dilution factor in the initial stage of energy modulation and then as the radiation efficiency factor at the end where the beam is density modulated. We then discuss some of the beam cooling techniques producing smaller emittances, especially the recent suggestions for relativistic heavy ions in storage rings or electron beams in linacs. These are based on the radiative cooling that occurs when particle beams backscatter powerful laser beams. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 71-259,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 243 EP 253 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00022 ER PT S AU Huang, ZR Ruth, RD AF Huang, ZR Ruth, RD BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Suppression of radiation excitation in focusing environment SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Radiation damping and quantum excitation in an electron damping ring and a straight focusing channel are reviewed. They are found to be the two limiting cases in the study of a general bending and focusing combined system. In the intermediate regime where the radiation formation length is comparable to the betatron wavelength, quantum excitation can be exponentially suppressed by focusing field. This new regime may have interesting applications in the generation of ultra-low emittance beams. RP Huang, ZR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 254 EP 262 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00023 ER PT S AU Chen, PS Noble, RJ AF Chen, PS Noble, RJ BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Crystal channel collider: Ultra-high energy and luminosity in the next century SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB We assume that, independent of any near-term discoveries, the continuing goal of experimental high-energy physics (HEP) will be to achieve ultra-high center-of-mass energies, possibly approaching the Planck scale (10(28) eV), in the next century. To progress to these energies in such a brief span of time will require a radical change in accelerator and collider technology. High-gradient acceleration of charged particles along crystal channels and the possibility of colliding them in these same strong-focusing atomic channels have been separately investigated in earlier proposals. Here we expand further upon the concepts of emittance damping and plasma wave generation to explore a new paradigm for HEP machines early in the next century: the crystal channel collider. Energy and emittance limitations in natural crystal accelerators are determined. The technologies needed to begin experimental research on this accelerator concept are now emerging. The excitation of 1 to 100 GV/cm plasma waves in semiconductor and metal crystals by either the laser wakefield or side-injected laser techniques appears experimentally feasible with near-term lasers. RP Chen, PS (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 273 EP 285 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00025 ER PT S AU Shvets, G Fisch, NJ AF Shvets, G Fisch, NJ BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Beam-generated plasma channels for laser wakefield acceleration SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB A hybrid of laser-wakefield and plasma wakefield accelerators is proposed, in which an intense laser pulse is optically guided by a plasma channel created by the leading portion of a high-current low-energy electron beam. This accelerator configuration appears to combine to advantage features of both laser wakefield and plasma wakefield accelerators. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 344 EP 356 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00032 ER PT S AU Siders, CW LeBlanc, SP Rau, B Fisher, D Tajima, T Downer, MC Babine, A Stepanov, A Sergeev, A AF Siders, CW LeBlanc, SP Rau, B Fisher, D Tajima, T Downer, MC Babine, A Stepanov, A Sergeev, A BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI First measurement of laser wakefield oscillations by longitudinal interferometry SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys RP Siders, CW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 372 EP 377 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00034 ER PT S AU Kroll, NM Jones, RM Adolphsen, C Bane, KLF Fowkes, WR Ko, K Miller, RH Ruth, RD Seidel, M Wang, JW AF Kroll, NM Jones, RM Adolphsen, C Bane, KLF Fowkes, WR Ko, K Miller, RH Ruth, RD Seidel, M Wang, JW BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Recent results & plans for the future on SLAC damped detuned structures (DDS) SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The cells in the SLAG DDS are designed in such a way that the transverse modes excited by the beam are detuned in a Gaussian fashion so that destructive interference causes the wake function to decrease rapidly and smoothly. Moderate damping provided by four waveguide manifolds running along the outer wall of the accelerator is utilised to suppress the reappearance of the wake function at long ranges where the interference becomes constructive again. The newly developed spectral function method, involving a continuum of frequencies, is applied to analyze the wake function of the DDS 1 design and to study the dependence of the wake function on manifold termination. The wake function obtained with the actually realized manifold terminations is presented and compared to wake function measurements recently carried out at the ASSET facility installed in the SLAG LINAC. RP Kroll, NM (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,M-S 26,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 455 EP 464 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00043 ER PT S AU Jones, RM Kroll, NM Seidel, M Adolphsen, C Bane, KLF Fowkes, WR Ko, K Miller, RH Ruth, RD Wang, JW AF Jones, RM Kroll, NM Seidel, M Adolphsen, C Bane, KLF Fowkes, WR Ko, K Miller, RH Ruth, RD Wang, JW BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Analysis and application of manifold radiation in DDS 1: First experiences SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The frequency spectrum of the manifold radiation resulting from a uniformly displaced drive beam in DDS 1 has been calculated utilising the spectral function theory and compared with observations in the ASSET experiment. They are found to be in good qualitative agreement. The bulk of the radiation, both measured and computed, is found to emerge from the downstream end of the manifolds. This is in conflict with perturbation theory predictions, and is thus one more indication of the unreliability of perturbation theory for estimating manifold effects for DDS 1. Beam centering as a function of frequency is accomplished by minimizing manifold radiation within a narrow frequency band. This procedure provides information on structure misalignment. While misalignments in DDS 1 degraded the precision of beam centering which could be achieved by minimizing manifold radiation, the results obtained are considered to be encouraging. RP Jones, RM (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,M-S 26,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 465 EP 472 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00044 ER PT S AU Chou, PJ Hanna, SM Henke, H Menegat, A Siemann, RH Whittum, D AF Chou, PJ Hanna, SM Henke, H Menegat, A Siemann, RH Whittum, D BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Cold test results of a standing wave muffin-tin structure at X-band SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB A muffin-tin structure is chosen to study high gradient acceleration in the millimeter wavelength range. In order to understand the electromagnetic field characteristics, a standing wave structure operating at a frequency around 11.4 GHz was built. Cold test measurements were performed and results are presented. Comparisions with theoretical predictions based on computer simulation are shown. RP Chou, PJ (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 473 EP 484 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00045 ER PT S AU Chou, PJ Bowden, GB Copeland, MR Farvid, A Kirby, RE Menegat, A Pearson, C Shere, L Siemann, RH Spencer, JE Whittum, DH AF Chou, PJ Bowden, GB Copeland, MR Farvid, A Kirby, RE Menegat, A Pearson, C Shere, L Siemann, RH Spencer, JE Whittum, DH BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI The fabrication of millimeter-wavelength accelerating structures SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB There is a growing interest in the research of high gradient (greater than or equal to 1GeV/m) accelerating structures. The need for high gradient acceleration based on current microwave technology requires the structures to be operated in the millimeter wavelength. Fabrication of accelerating structures at millimeter scale with sub-micron tolerances poses great challenges. The accelerating structures impose strict requirements on surface smoothness and finish to suppress field emission and multipactor effects. Various fabrication techniques based on conventional machining and micromachining have been evaluated and tested. These will be discussed and measurement results presented. RP Chou, PJ (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 501 EP 517 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00047 ER PT S AU Gai, W Simpson, J AF Gai, W Simpson, J BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI An inverse Cherenkov accelerator using a dielectric channelled waveguide SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB A cylindrical dielectric structure based inverse Cherenkov, laser driven accelerator scheme is proposed. The scheme uses the inverse process of a charged particle radiating inside a partially filled dielectric wave guide. Due to the efficient coupling of the laser beam to the accelerating fields, a very modest amount of laser power can produce GV/m scale gradients. Numerical examples are given for several cases. One particular parameter set demonstrates that a net acceleration of 1 GeV can be achieved using a 200 kW, 3 ns, radially polarized 10.6 mu m laser drive beam. A proof of principle prototype experiment is also discussed. RP Gai, W (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60440, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 564 EP 574 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00052 ER PT S AU vanSteenbergen, A Gallardo, J Babzien, M Kusche, K Malone, R Pogorelsky, I Romano, T Sheehan, J Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Sandweiss, J Fang, JM Qiu, X AF vanSteenbergen, A Gallardo, J Babzien, M Kusche, K Malone, R Pogorelsky, I Romano, T Sheehan, J Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Sandweiss, J Fang, JM Qiu, X BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Status of the BNL IFEL accelerator SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB A 40 MeV electron beam, using the inverse free-electron laser interaction, has been accelerated by Delta E/E = 2.5% over a distance of 0.47 m. The electrons interact with a 1-2 GW CO2 laser beam bounded by a 2.8 mm ID sapphire circular waveguide in the presence of a tapered wiggler with B-max approximate to 1T and a period 2.89 cm < lambda(w), < 3.14 cm. The experimental results of Delta E/E as a function of electron energy E, peak magnetic field B-w and laser power W-l compare well with analytical and 1-D numerical simulations and permit scaling to higher laser power and electron energy. The present status of the IFEL accelerator and planned near term development are indicated. RP vanSteenbergen, A (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 591 EP 600 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00054 ER PT S AU Fernow, RC Kirk, HG Robertson, SH Brownell, JH Walsh, JE AF Fernow, RC Kirk, HG Robertson, SH Brownell, JH Walsh, JE BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Observation of 10 mu m Smith-Purcell radiation from 45 MeV/c electrons SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Using the high-brightness, high-energy electron beam at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility Ne observe forward directed Smith-Purcell radiation in the mid-infrared spectral regime. This radiation can prove useful as a source of infrared radiation for other scientific studies as well as a providing a precursor investigation of the inverse process, namely the acceleration of electrons by means of the coupling of laser light with electrons via micro-structures. RP Fernow, RC (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,BLDG 901-A,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 601 EP 607 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00055 ER PT S AU Palmer, DT Wang, XJ Miller, RH Babzien, M BenZvi, I Pellegrini, C Sheehan, J Skaritka, J Winick, H Woodle, M Yakimenko, V AF Palmer, DT Wang, XJ Miller, RH Babzien, M BenZvi, I Pellegrini, C Sheehan, J Skaritka, J Winick, H Woodle, M Yakimenko, V BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Initial commissioning results of the next generation photoinjector SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The BNL/SLAC/UCLA symmetrized 1.6 Cell S-band emittance-compensated photoinjector has been installed at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility(ATF). The commissioning results and performance of the photocathode injector are presented. This emittance-compensated photoinjector consists of the symmetrized BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell S-band photocathode radio-frequency (rf) gun and a single solenoidal magnet for transverse emittance compensation [1]. The highest acceleration field achieved on the cathode is 150 MV/m, and the normal operating field is 130 MV/m. The quantum efficiency of the copper cathode was measured to be 4.5x10(-5). The transverse emittance and bunch length of the photoelectron beam were measured. The optimized rms normalized emittance for a charge of 300 pC is 0.7 pi mm-mrad. The bunch length dependency of photoelectron beam on the rf gun phase and acceleration fields were experimentally investigated. RP Palmer, DT (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 695 EP 704 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00064 ER PT S AU SrinivasanRao, T Smedley, J AF SrinivasanRao, T Smedley, J BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Table top, pulsed, relativistic electron gun with GV/m gradient SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB We present the design and performance characteristics of a compact, high voltage pulser with 150 ps rise time, 0.2 to 2 ns adjustable flat top and up to 1 MV amplitude on a 80 Ohm load or up to 0.5 MV on a 20 Ohm load, at 1 Hz repetition rate. Combination of a laser triggered SF6 and a liquid gap is used to form the fast rising pulse and maintain a low jitter between the laser, external trigger, and the high voltage pulsed output. The dark current and breakdown studies with this pulse applied between the electrodes of a diode indicate that fields up to 1 GV/m could be supported by stainless steel and copper cathodes without breaking down. The dark current from a conditioned cathode in a background pressure of 10(-7) Torr is below the detection limit of 0.5 mA of our system. Photoemission studies had been conducted with 300 kV applied between copper cathode and stainless steel anode seperated by 2 mm. KrF laser of 5 eV photon energy and 20 ns FWHM was used to irradiate the cathode. In these preliminary measuremements, 3 nC charge and corresponding quantum efficiency of 3.5x10(-4) have been obtained. Future plans include increasing the gradient to GV/m range, decreasing the laser pulse duration to ps and subps range and increasing the electron energy to a few MeV. RP SrinivasanRao, T (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 730 EP 738 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00067 ER PT S AU Power, J Chojnacki, E Conde, M Gai, W Konecny, R Schoessow, P Simpson, J AF Power, J Chojnacki, E Conde, M Gai, W Konecny, R Schoessow, P Simpson, J BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Measurements of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator's low charge, 4 MeV RF photocathode witness beam SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator's (AWA) witness RF photocathode gun produced its first electron beam in April of 1996. We have characterized the charge, energy, emittance and bunch length of the witness beam over the last several months, The emittance was measured by both a quad scan that fitted for space charge using an in house developed Mathematica routine and a pepper pot technique. The bunch length was measured by imaging Cherenkov light from a quartz plate to a Hamamatsu streak camera with 2 psec resolution. A beam energy of 3.9 MeV was measured with a 6 inch round pole spectrometer while a beam charge was measured with both an ICT and a Faraday Cup. Although the gun will normally be run at 100 pC it has produced charges from 10 pC to 4 nC. All results of the measurements to date are presented here. RP Power, J (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 757 EP 765 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00070 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG Vlieks, AE Fant, K Lavine, T Loewen, RJ Pearson, C Pope, R Rifkin, J Ruth, RD AF Tantawi, SG Vlieks, AE Fant, K Lavine, T Loewen, RJ Pearson, C Pope, R Rifkin, J Ruth, RD BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI The next linear collider test accelerator's rf pulse compression and transmission systems SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The overmoded rf transmission and pulsed power compression system for SLAC's Next Linear Collider (NLC) program requires a high degree of transmission efficiency and mode purity to be economically feasible. To this end, a number of new, high power components and systems have been developed at X-band, which transmit rf power in the low loss, circular TE01 mode with negligible mode conversion. In addition, a highly efficient SLED-TI [1] pulse compressor has been developed and successfully tested at high power at two accelerator test facilities at SLAG. The systems produced a 200 MW pulse with a near-perfect flat-top with pulse widths ranging from 150-245 ns. In this paper we describe the design and test results of a rectangular-to-circular mode converter and the components/transmission systems based on them, as well as the design and measurements of the high power pulse compression systems using SLED-II. We will also describe how these components are being used to efficiently provide high power rf in the NLC Test Accelerator (NLCTA) program at SLAC. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,2575 SAND HILL RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 805 EP 812 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00074 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG Ruth, RD Vlieks, AE Zolotorev, M AF Tantawi, SG Ruth, RD Vlieks, AE Zolotorev, M BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Active high power rf pulse compression using optically switched resonant delay lines SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB We present the design and a proof of principle experimental results of an optically controlled high power rf pulse compression system. The design should, in principle, handle few hundreds of Megawatts of power at X-band. The system is based on the switched resonant delay line theory (I). It employs resonant delay lines as a means of storing rf energy. The coupling to the lines is optimized for maximum energy storage during the charging phase. To discharge the lines, a high power microwave switch increases the coupling to the lines just before the start of the output pulse. The high power microwave switch, required for this system, is realized using optical excitation of an electron-hole plasma layer on the surface of a pure silicon wafer. The switch is designed to operate in the TE01 mode in a circular waveguide to avoid the edge effects present at the interface between the silicon wafer and the supporting waveguide; thus, enhancing its power handling capability. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 813 EP 821 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00075 ER PT S AU Lidia, S Anderson, D Eylon, S Henestroza, E Houck, T Reginato, L Vanecek, D Westenskow, G Yu, S AF Lidia, S Anderson, D Eylon, S Henestroza, E Houck, T Reginato, L Vanecek, D Westenskow, G Yu, S BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI RK-TBA studies at the RTA test facility SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Construction of a prototype RF power source based on the RK-TBA concept, called the RTA, has commenced at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This prototype will be used to study physics, engineering, and costing issues involved in the application of the RK-TBA concept to linear colliders. The status of the prototype is presented, specifically the 1-MV, 1.2-kA induction electron gun and the pulsed power system that are in assembly. The RTA program theoretical effort, in addition to supporting the development of the prototype, has been studying optimization parameters for the application of the RK-TBA concept to higher-energy linear colliders. An overview of this work is presented. RP Lidia, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 842 EP 851 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00078 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV VanSteenbergen, A Fernow, R Kimura, WD Bulanov, SV AF Pogorelsky, IV VanSteenbergen, A Fernow, R Kimura, WD Bulanov, SV BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Co-2 laser technology for advanced particle accelerators SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB Short-pulse, high-power CO2 lasers open new prospects for development of high-gradient laser-driven electron accelerators. The advantages of lambda=10 mu m CO2 laser radiation over the more widely exploited solid state lasers with lambda approximate to 1 mu m are based on a lambda(2)-proportional ponderomotive potential, lambda-proportional phase slippage distance, and lambda-proportional scaling of the laser accelerator structures. We show how a picosecond terawatt CO2 laser that is under construction at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility may benefit the ATF's experimental program of testing far-field near-field, and plasma accelerator schemes. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR TEST FACIL,725C,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 923 EP 936 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00085 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV BenZvi, I Skaritka, J Segalov, Z Babzien, M Kusche, K Meskovsky, IK Lekomtsev, VA Dublov, AA Boloshin, YA AF Pogorelsky, IV BenZvi, I Skaritka, J Segalov, Z Babzien, M Kusche, K Meskovsky, IK Lekomtsev, VA Dublov, AA Boloshin, YA BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI The first terawatt picosecond CO2 laser for advanced accelerator studies at the Brookhaven ATF SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB The first terawatt picosecond CO2 laser system is under development at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility. Presently operational 1-Joule 100-ps ATF laser will be upgraded with a 10 atm amplifier capable of delivery similar to 15 Joules of laser energy in a 3-ps pulse. We describe the design of the x-ray preionized 10-atm amplifier of a 10-liter active volume energized by a 1-MV, 200 kA transverse electric discharge. The amplifier, equipped with internal optics, permits the accommodation of a regenerative stage and a multi-pass booster in a relatively compact single discharge volume. The ATF terawatt CO2 laser shall become operational in 1997 to serve for laser acceleration, x-ray generation and other strong-field physics experiments. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR TEST FACIL,752C,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 937 EP 950 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00086 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV AF Pogorelsky, IV BE Chattopadhyay, S McCullough, J Dahl, P TI Prospects for compact high-intensity laser synchrotron x-ray and gamma sources SO ADVANCED ACCELERATOR CONCEPTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC 96) CY OCT 12-18, 1996 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP US DOE, High Energy Phys Div, Adv Technol Branch, Univ Calif, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys AB A. laser interacting with a relativistic electron beam behaves like a virtual wiggler of an extremely short period equal to half of the laser wavelength. This approach opens a route to relatively compact, high-brightness x-ray sources alternative or complementary to conventional synchrotron light sources. Although not new, the laser synchrotron source (LSS) concept is still waiting for a convincing demonstration. Available at the BNL Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), a high-brightness electron beam and the high-power CO2 laser may be used for prototype LSS demonstration. In a feasible demonstration experiment, 10-GW, 100-ps CO2 laser beam will be brought to a head-on collision with a 10-ps, 0.5-nC, 50 MeV electron bunch. Flashes of collimated 4.7 keV (2.6 Angstrom) x-rays of 10-ps pulse duration, with a flux of similar to 10(19) photons/sec, will be produced via linear Compton backscattering. The x-ray spectrum is tunable proportionally to the e-beam energy. A rational short-term extension of the proposed experiment would be further enhancement of the x-ray flux to the 10(22) photons/sec level, after the ongoing ATF CO2 laser upgrade to 5 TW peak power and electron bunch shortening to 3 ps is realized. In the future, exploiting the promising approach of a high-gradient laser wake field accelerator, a compact ''table-top'' LSS of monochromatic gamma radiation may become feasible. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR TEST FACIL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-727-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 398 BP 951 EP 965 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69X UT WOS:A1997BJ69X00087 ER PT B AU Hannum, WH McFarlane, HF Wade, DC Hill, RN AF Hannum, WH McFarlane, HF Wade, DC Hill, RN BE Merz, ER Walter, CE TI The benefits of an advanced fast reactor fuel cycle for plutonium management SO ADVANCED NUCLEAR SYSTEMS CONSUMING EXCESS PLUTONIUM SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Systems Consuming Excess Plutonium CY OCT 13-16, 1996 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO, NATO, Disarmament Panel, Russian Acad Sci, Nucl Safety Inst AB The United State has no program to investigate advanced nuclear fuel cycles for the large-scale consumption of plutonium from military and civilian sources. The official U.S. position has been to focus on means to bury spent nuclear fuel from civilian reactors and to achieve the spent fuel standard for excess separated plutonium, which is considered by policy makers to be an urgent international priority. Recently, the National Research Council published a long-awaited report on its study of potential separation and transmutation technologies (STATS), which concluded that in the nuclear energy phase-out scenario that they evaluated, transmutation of plutonium and long-lived radioisotopes would not be worth the cost. However, at the American Nuclear Society Annual Meeting in June, 1996, the STATS panelists endorsed further study of partitioning to achieve superior waste forms for burial, and suggested that any further consideration of transmutation should be in the context of energy production, not of waste management. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has an active program for the short-term disposition of excess fissile material and a "focus area" for safe, secure stabilization, storage and disposition of plutonium, but has no current programs for fast reactor development. Nevertheless, sufficient data exist to identify the potential advantages of an advanced fast reactor metallic fuel cycle for the long-term management of plutonium. Some of the key advantages are: 1. Tens of tonnes of plutonium could be quickly secured in a single reactor system. 2. Use of a metal alloy fuel would allow economic fuel recycling at any scale to match the energy production requirements. 3. All actinides would remain in the fuel cycle, out of the waste stream. 4. Throughout the fuel cycle, the plutonium would remain in a highly radioactive environment equivalent to the spent fuel standard. 5. The net rate of plutonium consumption could be controlled to meet future energy requirements. 6. Because all actinides fission in the fast spectrum, the more radiotoxic transuranic isotopes would not build up as they do in a thermal spectrum. 7. Specific fission products would be partitioned into the waste forms in which they would be most stable for disposal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hannum, WH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4650-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 15 BP 43 EP 63 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK54M UT WOS:000072546400006 ER PT B AU Venneri, F AF Venneri, F BE Merz, ER Walter, CE TI Destruction of Plutonium and other nuclear waste materials using the accelerator-driven transmutation of waste concept SO ADVANCED NUCLEAR SYSTEMS CONSUMING EXCESS PLUTONIUM SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Systems Consuming Excess Plutonium CY OCT 13-16, 1996 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO, NATO, Disarmament Panel, Russian Acad Sci, Nucl Safety Inst C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Venneri, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4650-5 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 15 BP 259 EP 263 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK54M UT WOS:000072546400020 ER PT J AU Parker, LE AF Parker, LE TI L-ALLIANCE: Task-oriented multi-robot learning in behavior-based systems SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems - Robotic Intelligence Interacting with Dynamic Worlds (IROS 96) CY NOV 04-08, 1996 CL SENRI LIFE SCI CTR, OSAKA, JAPAN SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, New Technol Fdn HO SENRI LIFE SCI CTR ID MOBILE AB A large application domain for multi-robot teams involves task-oriented missions, in which potentially heterogeneous robots must solve several distinct tasks. Previous research addressing this problem in multi-robot systems has largely focused on issues of efficiency, while ignoring the real-world situated robot needs of fault tolerance and adaptivity. This paper addresses this problem by developing an architecture called L-ALLIANCE that incorporates task-oriented action selection mechanisms into a behavior-based system, thus increasing the efficiency of robot team performance while maintaining the desirable characteristics of fault tolerance and adaptivity. We present our investigations of several competing control strategies and derive an approach that works well in a wide variety of multi-robot task-oriented mission scenarios. We provide a formal model of this technique to illustrate how it can be incorporated into any behavior-based system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, LE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, POB 2008,Mailstop 6355, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1864 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 305 EP 322 PG 18 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA YP154 UT WOS:000071248100002 ER PT J AU Chen, WYC Louck, JD AF Chen, WYC Louck, JD TI Necklaces, MSS sequences, and DNA sequences SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Based on a unified approach via the classical Burnside Lemma in combinatorics, we deal with some problems arising from symbolic dynamics and biology. The MSS sequences play an important role in symbolic dynamics, and they ale in one-to-one correspondence with necklaces of beads with two colors. This necklace problem was studied by Fine, Gilbert, and Riordan in the 1950s and 1960s. Recently, a problem on the classification of the DNA sequence arose in biology and was studied by Bell, Torney, and others. In this paper, we present a further treatment of the necklace problem which shows a closer connection with MSS sequences and brings more combinatorial insight into the properties of symbolic dynamics. We also give a clear derivation of the formula for the classification of DNA sequences. The techniques used in this paper originate principally from properties of cycle structures, which are related to the fixed points of the n-cube recently studied by Chen and Stanley. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 NANKAI UNIV,NANKAI INST MATH,TIANJIN 300071,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Chen, WYC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,T-7,MAIL STOP B284,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0196-8858 J9 ADV APPL MATH JI Adv. Appl. Math. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 18 EP 32 DI 10.1006/aama.1996.0494 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA WC994 UT WOS:A1997WC99400002 ER PT S AU Bassham, DC Raikhel, NV AF Bassham, DC Raikhel, NV BE Leigh, RA Sanders, D TI Molecular aspects of vacuole biogenesis SO ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH INCORPORATING ADVANCES IN PLANT PATHOLOGY, VOL 25: THE PLANT VACUOLE SE Advances in Botanical Research LA English DT Review ID CARBOXYL-TERMINAL PROPEPTIDE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; BARLEY LECTIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TARGETING SIGNAL; STORAGE PROTEIN; YEAST; TRANSPORT RP Bassham, DC (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, US DOE, PLANT RES LAB, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2296 BN 0-12-005925-8 J9 ADV BOT RES JI Adv. Bot. Res. PY 1997 VL 25 BP 43 EP 58 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BH89Y UT WOS:A1997BH89Y00002 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, RJ Brown, GE Xu, N Cong, XD AF Kirkpatrick, RJ Brown, GE Xu, N Cong, XD TI Ca X-ray absorption spectroscopy of C-S-H and some model compounds SO ADVANCES IN CEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM; EXAFS; SITE AB Calcium K-edge (4038 eV) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of wet and dry Ca-silicate hydrate (C-S-H) samples and model compounds (calcite, xonotlite, 11 Angstrom tobermorite, and 14 Angstrom tobermorite) show that the local structure of single-phase C-S-H as viewed from the Ca-positions is similar to that of tobermorite. The only major effect of wetting and drying observed by Ca-XAS is an increase in the average Ca-Ca distance, probably due to changes in interlayer spacing. The Ca-XAS spectrum of a fully hydrated beta-C2S sample, containing C-S-H and portlandite, is significantly different due to the presence of the portlandite. Ca-XAS provides unique information about the structure of C-S-H and is likely to be a useful tool for investigating the structures of a wide range of phases of importance to cement science. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM SCI, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, RJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT GEOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU ICE PUBL PI LONDON PA 40 MARSH WALL, 2 FL, LONDON E14 9TP, ENGLAND SN 0951-7197 J9 ADV CEM RES JI Adv. Cem. Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 33 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA XD745 UT WOS:A1997XD74500005 ER PT S AU Erber, T Hockney, GM AF Erber, T Hockney, GM BE Prigogine, I Rice, SA TI Complex systems: Equilibrium configurations of N equal charges on a sphere (2<=N<=112) SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS, VOL 98 SE Advances in Chemical Physics LA English DT Review ID CONSTRAINED GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; POINT CHARGES; TRANSFORMATIONS; FULLERENES; STABILITY; PARTICLES; PROTEINS; PACKING; SURFACE; ORIGIN C1 IIT, DEPT MATH, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, DEPT THEORET PHYS, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. RP Erber, T (reprint author), IIT, DEPT PHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA. NR 108 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 0-471-16285-X J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 1997 VL 98 BP 495 EP 594 DI 10.1002/9780470141571.ch5 PG 100 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BH22T UT WOS:A1997BH22T00005 ER PT S AU Frankel, Y Gemmell, P MacKenzie, PD Yung, M AF Frankel, Y Gemmell, P MacKenzie, PD Yung, M BE Kaliski, BS TI Proactive RSA SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - CRYPTO'97, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual International Cryptology Conference CY AUG 17-21, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA SP Int Assoc Cryptolog Res, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Secur & Privacy, Univ Calif, Comp Sci Dept AB Distributed threshold protocols that incorporate proactive maintenance can tolerate a very strong "mobile adversary." This adversary may corrupt all participants throughout the lifetime of the system in a non-monotonic fashion (i.e., recoveries are possible) but the adversary is limited to the number of participants it can corrupt during any short time period. The proactive maintenance assures increased security and availability of the cryptographic primitive. We present a proactive RSA system in which a threshold of servers applies the RSA signature (or decryption) function in a distributed manner. Our protocol enables servers which hold the RSA key distributively to dynamically and cooperatively self-update; it is secure even when a linear number of the servers are corrupted during any time period; it efficiently maintains the security of the function; and it enables continuous function availability (correct efficient function application using the shared key is possible at any time). A major technical difficulty in "proactivizing" RSA was the fact that the servers have to update the "distributed representation" of an RSA key, while not learning the order of the group from which keys are drawn (in order not to compromise the RSA security). We give a distributed threshold RSA method which permits "proactivization". C1 CertCo, New York, NY USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Frankel, Y (reprint author), CertCo, New York, NY USA. NR 24 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-63384-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1294 BP 440 EP 454 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS63C UT WOS:000170638200031 ER PT J AU Burch, JV Martin, HL AF Burch, JV Martin, HL BE Baumann, ER Weisert, L TI Treatment of vitrification off-gas scrubber wastewater (U) SO ADVANCES IN FILTRATION AND SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY, VOL 11 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Technical Conference of the American-Filtration-and-Separations-Society on Advances in Filtration and Separation Technology - Advancing Filtration Solutions CY APR 29-MAY 02, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Amer Filtrat & Separat Soc RP Burch, JV (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER SITE,AIKEN,SC 29808, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN FILTRATION & SEPARATIONS SOCIETY PI NORTHPORT PA PO BOX 1530, NORTHPORT, AL 35476 PY 1997 BP 470 EP 475 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Marine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BJ39T UT WOS:A1997BJ39T00070 ER PT B AU Steinkamp, JA Crissman, HA Lehnert, BE Lehnert, NM Deka, C AF Steinkamp, JA Crissman, HA Lehnert, BE Lehnert, NM Deka, C BE Thompson, RB TI Frequency-domain flow cytometry: Fluorescence lifetime-based sensing technology for analyzing cells and chromosomes labeled with fluorescent probes SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology III CY FEB 09-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Chiron Diag Corp, Ciencia Inc, Coherent Inc Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Jobin Yvon SPEX Instruments SA Inc, LiCONiX, Opt Sensors Inc, Perkin Elmer Corp, PicoQuant, Adv Photon Int, Programmed Test Sources Inc, Spectronics Inc, SpectRx Inc DE flow cytometry; fluorescence lifetime; frequency domain; phase-sensitive detection; lifetime-based sensing AB A flow cytometer has been developed that combines flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique capabilities for making frequency-domain, excited-state lifetime measurements on cells/chromosomes labeled with fluorescent probes, while preserving conventional FCM capabilities. Cells are analyzed as they intersect a high-frequency, intensity-modulated (sine-wave) laser excitation beam. Fluorescence signals are processed by 1) low-pass filtering to obtain conventional FCM de-excited signals and 2) phase-sensitive detection electronics to resolve heterogeneous fluorescence based on differences in lifetimes expressed as phase-shifts and to quantify fluorescence lifetimes in realtime. Processed signals are displayed as frequency distribution histograms and bivariate contour diagrams. Recent examples of biological applications include: 1) lifetime histograms recorded on autofluorescent human lung fibroblasts, murine thymus cells labeled with antibodies conjugated to fluorophores for studying fluorescence quenching as a function of antibody dilution and F/P ratio, and on cultured cells, nuclei, and chromosomes stained with DNA-binding fluorochromes and 2) phase-resolved, fluorescence signal-intensity histograms recorded on autofluorescent HLFs labeled with immunofluorescence markers and on murine thymus cells labeled with Red 613-antiThy 1.2 and propidium iodide (PI positive ''dead'' cells) to demonstrate the resolution of signals from highly overlapping emission spectra. This technology will increase the number of fluorescent markers usable in multilabeling studies and lifetimes can be used as spectroscopic probes to study the interaction of markers with their targets, each other, and the surrounding microenvironment. RP Steinkamp, JA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2391-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2980 BP 96 EP 106 PG 11 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BH84B UT WOS:A1997BH84B00012 ER PT B AU Enderlein, J Robbins, DL Ambrose, WP Goodwin, PM Keller, RA AF Enderlein, J Robbins, DL Ambrose, WP Goodwin, PM Keller, RA BE Thompson, RB TI Modeling single molecule detection statistics SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology III CY FEB 09-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Chiron Diag Corp, Ciencia Inc, Coherent Inc Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Jobin Yvon SPEX Instruments SA Inc, LiCONiX, Opt Sensors Inc, Perkin Elmer Corp, PicoQuant, Adv Photon Int, Programmed Test Sources Inc, Spectronics Inc, SpectRx Inc DE single molecule detection; burst size distribution; path integral; ultrasensitive fluorescence detection AB We present experimental results of single B-phycoerythrin molecule detection in a fluid flow at different sample introduction rates. A new mathematical approach is used for calculating the resulting burst size distributions. The calculations are based upon a complete physical model including absorption, fluorescence and photobleaching characteristics of the fluorophore; its diffusion; the sample stream hydrodynamics; the spatially dependent optical detection efficiency; and the excitation laser beam characteristics. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of ''molecular noise'' - fluctuations in the number of overlapping crossings of molecules through the detection volume. The importance of this study and its connections to experimental applications are discussed. RP Enderlein, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CST-1,MS M888,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2391-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2980 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BH84B UT WOS:A1997BH84B00052 ER PT B AU Keeney, JA AF Keeney, JA BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Fracture assessment of ductile crack growth in weld material from a full-thickness clad RPV shell segment SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture DE reactor pressure vessel; full-thickness clad beam; shallow-crack; compact tension specimen; precleavage tearing; continuum damage models AB Recent studies indicate that the onset of stable ductile tearing leads to crack-tip fields ahead of the growing crack and crack-tip profiles that differ from those of a stationary crack. Stable ductile tearing exposes additional volumes of material to elevated stresses as the crack advances, which alters the sampling of potential cleavage initiation sites on the microstructural level. Also, measured cleavage fracture toughness values for these specimens will be influenced by changes in crack-tip constraint conditions that occur with prior stable crack growth. Fracture analysis techniques for inclusion of ductile crack growth in finite-element analyses were evaluated through applications to a full-thickness clad beam specimen containing a shallow crack in material for which metallurgical conditions are prototypic of those found in reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) at beginning of life. The beam specimen, which experienced a significant amount of precleavage stable ductile tearing, was fabricated from a section of an RPV wall (removed from a canceled nuclear plant) that includes weld, plate, and clad material. Effects of precleavage tearing on estimates of fracture toughness were investigated using continuum damage models. RP Keeney, JA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 539 EP 546 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00059 ER PT B AU Reuter, WG AF Reuter, WG BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Status of research aimed at predicting structural integrity SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture DE surface cracks; fracture toughness; structural integrity AB Considerable research has been performed throughout the world in measuring the fracture toughness of metals. This capability fulfills the need encountered when selecting materials, thermal-mechanical treatments, welding procedures, etc., but needs to be expanded to include the ability to predict the fracture process of structural components containing cracks. The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have been collaborating for a number of years in developing capabilities for using fracture toughness results to predict structural integrity. Because of the high cost of fabricating and testing structural components, these studies have been limited to predicting the fracture process in specimens containing surface cracks. This paper summarizes the present status of the experimental studies of using fracture toughness data to predict crack growth initiation in specimens (structural components) containing surface cracks. These results are limited to homogeneous base materials. RP Reuter, WG (reprint author), LOCKHEED MARTIN IDAHO TECHNOL CO,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 2309 EP 2319 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00262 ER PT B AU Moody, NR Medlin, D Norwood, DP AF Moody, NR Medlin, D Norwood, DP BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Characterizing the fracture of tantalum nitride films on AlN substrates through film thickness effects SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture DE nanoindentation; indentation fracture; nanoscratch fracture; tantalum nitride films; aluminum nitride substrates AB In this study, nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing were combined with transmission electron microscopy to establish the relationship between structure, properties, and fracture resistance of thin tantalum nitride resistor films on aluminum nitride substrates. The films were sputter-deposited to thicknesses of 160, 440, and 500 nm. Nanoindentation was used to determine mechanical properties while indentation fracture and nanoscratch tests were used to measure interfacial fracture energies. These tests showed that the measured elastic moduli of all films were independent of indenter depth and approximately equal to the value measured for the aluminum nitride substrates. They also showed that measured hardness values increased with film thickness. More importantly, the fracture energies measured in indentation fracture and nanoscratch tests were essentially equal and independent of film thickness. These results showed that tantalum nitride films and aluminum nitride substrates behaved in all inherently brittle manner. They further showed that fracture was localized along the interface suggesting that adhesion was controlled by the nature of bonding across the interface plane. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 3075 EP 3082 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00348 ER PT B AU Zhou, SJ Beazley, DM Lomdahl, PS Voter, AF Holian, BL AF Zhou, SJ Beazley, DM Lomdahl, PS Voter, AF Holian, BL BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Dislocation emission from a three-dimensional crack - A large-scale molecular dynamics study SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture DE atomistic simulation; three-dimensional crack; dislocation emission; ductility; embedded atom method AB A series of massively parallel molecular dynamics simulations with up to 35 million atoms is performed to investigate dislocation emission from a three-dimensional crack. We observe dislocation loops emitted from the crack front-the first time this has been seen in computer simulations. The sequence of dislocation emission in the process of crack blunting strongly depends on the crystallographic orientation of the crack front and differs strikingly from anything previously conjectured. This finding is essential to establish a precise dislocation emission criterion (i.e. intrinsic ductility criterion). We also find that boundary conditions and interatomic force laws have a significant effect on jogging or blunting dislocation emission modes. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Zhou, SJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 3085 EP 3094 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00350 ER PT B AU Ritchie, RO Cannon, RM McNaney, JM AF Ritchie, RO Cannon, RM McNaney, JM BE Karihaloo, BL Mai, YW Ripley, MI Ritchie, RO TI Interfacial and near-interfacial fracture in ceramic/metal layered systems SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE RESEARCH, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference in Fracture (ICF9) CY APR 01-05, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Congress Fracture C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042820-7 PY 1997 BP 3119 EP 3119 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ89P UT WOS:A1997BJ89P00356 ER PT S AU Castro, JR AF Castro, JR BE Amaldi, U Larsson, B Lemoigne, Y TI Clinical programmes: a review of past and existing hadron protocols SO ADVANCES IN HADRONTHERAPY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Hadrontherapy, PSI and CERN CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL PAUL SCHERRER INST, VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND SP Paul Scherrer Inst, Switzerland, CERN HO PAUL SCHERRER INST C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Castro, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82782-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1144 BP 79 EP 94 PG 16 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK47B UT WOS:000072295600007 ER PT B AU Nieplocha, J Harrison, R Foster, I AF Nieplocha, J Harrison, R Foster, I BE Grandinetti, L Kowalik, J Vajtersic, M TI Explicit management of memory hierarchy SO ADVANCES IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on High Performance Computing - Technology and Applications CY JUN 24-26, 1996 CL CETRARO, ITALY SP NATO,Sci & Environm Affairs Div, European Union, CNR, European Commiss DGIII, Natl Res Council Italy, Univ Calabria, Alenia Spazio, ENEA, Ctr Italiano Ric Aerosp, Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Environment, Fujitsu, Hewlett Packard Convex, Hitachi, NEC, Oracle, Silicon Graph Cray Res AB All scalable parallel computers feature a memory hierarchy, in which some locations are ''closer'' to a particular processor than others. The hardware in a particular system may support a shared memory or message passing programming model, but these factors effect only the relative costs of local and remote accesses, not the system's fundamental Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) characteristics. Yet while the efficient management of memory hierarchies is fundamental to high performance in scientific computing, existing parallel languages and tools provide only limited support for this management task. Recognizing this deficiency, we propose abstractions and programming tools that can facilitate the explicit management of memory hierarchies by the programmer and hence the efficient programming of scalable parallel computers. The abstractions comprise local arrays, global (distributed) arrays, and disk resident arrays located on secondary storage. The tools comprise the Global Arrays library, which supports the transfer of data between local and global arrays, and the Disk Resident Arrays (DRA) library, for transferring data between global and disk resident arrays. We describe the shared memory NUMA model implemented in the tools, discuss extensions for wide area computing environments, and review major applications of the tools, which currently total over one million lines of code. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4550-9 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1997 VL 30 BP 185 EP 199 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BJ12A UT WOS:A1997BJ12A00011 ER PT S AU Budai, JD White, CW Withrow, SP Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG AF Budai, JD White, CW Withrow, SP Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Synthesis, optical properties, and microstructure of semiconductor nanocrystals formed by ion implantation SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB High-dose ion implantation, followed by annealing, has been shown to provide a versatile technique for creating semiconductor nanocrystals encapsulated in the surface region of a substrate material. We have successfully formed nanocrystalline precipitates from groups IV (Si, Ge, SiGe), III-V (GaAs, InAs, GaP, InP, GaN), and II-VI (CdS, CdSe, CdSxSe1-x, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe) in fused silica, Al2O3 and Si substrates. Representative examples will be presented in order to illustrate the synthesis, microstructure, and optical properties of the nanostructured composite systems. The optical spectra reveal blue-shifts in good agreement with theoretical estimates of size-dependent quantum-confinement energies of electrons and holes. When formed in crystalline substrates, the nanocrystal lattice structure and orientation can be reproducibly controlled by adjusting the implantation conditions. RP Budai, JD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 89 EP 98 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00011 ER PT S AU Ghislotti, G Nielsen, B DiMauro, LF Sheey, B Mutti, P Pifferi, A Taroni, P Valenti, L Corni, F Tonini, R AF Ghislotti, G Nielsen, B DiMauro, LF Sheey, B Mutti, P Pifferi, A Taroni, P Valenti, L Corni, F Tonini, R BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Annealing studies of visible light emission from silicon nanocrystals produced by implantation SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB The annealing behavior of silicon implanted SiO2 layers is studied using continuous and time-gated photoluminescence (PL). Two PL emission bands are observed. A band centered at 560 nm is present in as implanted samples and it is still observed after 1000 degrees C annealing. The emission time is fast (0.2 -2 ns). A second band centered at 780 nm further increases when hydrogen annealing was performed. The emission time is long (1 mu s - 0.3 ms). RP Ghislotti, G (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Taroni, Paola/C-4709-2012; Pifferi, Antonio/C-4688-2012 OI Taroni, Paola/0000-0001-7486-0001; Pifferi, Antonio/0000-0002-2261-2089 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00013 ER PT S AU vanBuuren, T Dinh, LN Chase, LL Siekhaus, WJ Jimenez, I Terminello, JL Grush, M Callcott, TA Carlisle, JA AF vanBuuren, T Dinh, LN Chase, LL Siekhaus, WJ Jimenez, I Terminello, JL Grush, M Callcott, TA Carlisle, JA BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Soft X-ray emission studies of the electronic structure in silicon nanoclusters SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB Density of states changes in the valence and conduction band of silicon nanoclusters were monitored using soft x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy as a function of cluster size. A progressive increase in the valence band edge toward lower energy is found for clusters with decreasing diameters. A similar but smaller shift is observed in the near-edge x-ray absorption data of the silicon nanoclusters. RP vanBuuren, T (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94556, USA. RI Jimenez, Ignacio/F-7422-2010 OI Jimenez, Ignacio/0000-0001-5605-3185 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00024 ER PT S AU Delgado, GR Lee, HWH Kauzlarich, SM Bley, RA AF Delgado, GR Lee, HWH Kauzlarich, SM Bley, RA BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Comparative optical studies of chemically synthesized silicon nanocrystals SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB We studied the optical and electronic properties of silicon nanocrystals derived from two distinct fabrication procedures. One technique uses a controlled chemical reaction. In the other case, silicon nanocrystals are produced by ultrasonic fracturing of porous silicon layers. We report on the photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and absorption spectroscopy of various size distributions derived from these techniques. We compare the different optical properties of silicon nanocrystals made this way and contrast them with that observed in porous silicon. Our results emphasize the dominant role of surface states in these systems as manifested by the different surface passivation layers present in these different fabrication techniques. Experimental absorption measurements are compared to theoretical calculations with good agreement. Our results provide compelling evidence for quantum confinement in both types of Si nanocrystals. Our results also indicate that the blue emission from very small Si nanocrystals corresponds to the bandedge emission, while the red emission arises from traps. RP Delgado, GR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PHOTON GRP,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Kauzlarich, Susan/H-1439-2011 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00025 ER PT S AU Klimov, V McBranch, D AF Klimov, V McBranch, D BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Electron and hole trapping dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals: Femtosecond nonlinear transmission and photoluminescence study SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB Application of two complementary femtosecond techniques (time-resolved nonlinear transmission and photoluminescence up-conversion) allows us to observe separately the electron and the hole relaxation paths in CdS nanocrystals. The obtained data indicate that hole relaxation channels are different at low and high pump fluences which is attributed to an Auger-process-assisted hole trapping at surface/interface states activated at high excitation intensities. RP Klimov, V (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,CST-6,MS-J585,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00046 ER PT S AU Wilcoxon, JP Newcomer, PP Samara, GA AF Wilcoxon, JP Newcomer, PP Samara, GA BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Synthesis and optical properties of MoS2 nanoclusters SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB Highly crystalline nanoclusters of MoS2 were synthesized and their optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra were investigated. Key results include: (1) strong quantum confinement effects with decreasing size; (2) preservation of the quasiparticle (or excitonic) nature of the optical response for clusters down to similar to 2.5 nm in size which are only two unit cells thick; (3) demonstration that 3-D confinement produces energy shifts which are over an order of magnitude larger than those due to 1-D confinement; (4) observation of large increases in the spin-orbit splittings at the top of the valence band at the K and M points of the Brillouin zone with decreasing cluster size; and (5) observation of photoluminescence due to both direct and surface recombination. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00055 ER PT S AU Diener, J Kovalev, DI Ganichev, SD Polisski, G Koch, F AF Diener, J Kovalev, DI Ganichev, SD Polisski, G Koch, F BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI The recombination statistics of the visible photoluminescence of silicon nanocrystals SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB A pulsed, high-power TEA CO2 laser with lines in the region from 9.2 to 10.6 mu m has been used to irradiate luminescent porous Si samples. The IR laser pulses heat the sample on a time scale much shorter than the PL decay time which is at 300 K for the PL at 1.65 eV in the order of tenth of mu s. One IR pulse serves to increase the temperature of the luminescing particles in similar to 2 us up to 100 degrees C. This increase of temperature leads to a efficient reduction of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. However, the PL decay times are almost not affected by the heating pulse. Based on this measurement a picture of the recombination statistics that takes account of the granular nature of the material is developed. RP Diener, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00084 ER PT S AU Wilcoxon, JP Parsapour, F Kelley, DF AF Wilcoxon, JP Parsapour, F Kelley, DF BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Studies of photoredox reactions on nanosize semiconductors SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB Light induced electron transfer (ET) from nanosize semiconductors of MoS2 to organic electron accepters such as 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and methyl substituted 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (tmb) was studied by static and time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The kinetics of ET were varied by changing the nanocluster size (the band gap), the electron acceptor, and the polarity of the solvent. MoS2 is an especially interesting semiconductor material as it is an indirect semiconductor in bulk form, and has a layered covalent bonding arrangement which is highly resistant to photocorrosion. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ORG 1152,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 601 EP 606 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00091 ER PT S AU Delgado, GR Lee, HWH Pakbaz, K AF Delgado, GR Lee, HWH Pakbaz, K BE Collins, RW Fauchet, PM Shimizu, I Vial, JC Shimada, T Alivisatos, AP TI Electroluminescent devices made from silicon nanocrystals embedded in various host matrices SO ADVANCES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium Q on Advances in Microcrystalline and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors - 1996, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Hitachi Europe Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kaneka Corp, Mitsui Toatsu Chem Incorp, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Xerox PARC AB Si nanocrystals produced by ultrasonic fracturing of porous silicon (PSi) were used to fabricate electroluminescent (EL) devices. The active EL material consists of Si nanocrystals embedded in various host matrices such as polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and silica sol-gels. Several device configurations were used to induce EL processes that rely on radiative electron-hole recombination via carrier injection or impact excitation of the nanocrystals. We report on the optical and electrical properties of these devices. We discuss relevant physics pertaining to the Si nanocrystals/host and discuss advantages and disadvantages among the different host matrices. RP Delgado, GR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-174,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-356-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 452 BP 669 EP 673 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BH46M UT WOS:A1997BH46M00102 ER PT S AU Bliss, M Craig, RA Sunberg, DS Harker, YC Hartwell, JR Venhuizen, JR AF Bliss, M Craig, RA Sunberg, DS Harker, YC Hartwell, JR Venhuizen, JR BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Progress towards development of real-time dosimetry for BNCT SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bliss, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A222 EP A228 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500037 ER PT S AU Capala, J Coderre, JA Chanana, AD AF Capala, J Coderre, JA Chanana, AD BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI A treatment planning comparison of BPA- or BSH-based BNCT of malignant gliomas SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Capala, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A133 EP A138 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500021 ER PT S AU Capala, J Chadha, M Coderre, JA Diaz, AZ Liu, HB Wheeler, FJ Wessol, DE Wielopolski, L Chanana, AD AF Capala, J Chadha, M Coderre, JA Diaz, AZ Liu, HB Wheeler, FJ Wessol, DE Wielopolski, L Chanana, AD BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Radiation doses to brain under BNCT protocols at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Capala, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, POB 5000,Blvd 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A51 EP A55 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500006 ER PT S AU Chu, WT Bleuel, DL Donahue, RJ Gough, RA Hoff, MD Kwan, J Leung, KN Ludewigt, BA Peters, C Phillips, TL Reginato, LL Staples, JW Wells, RP Yu, SS AF Chu, WT Bleuel, DL Donahue, RJ Gough, RA Hoff, MD Kwan, J Leung, KN Ludewigt, BA Peters, C Phillips, TL Reginato, LL Staples, JW Wells, RP Yu, SS BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Design of a new BNCT facility based on an ESQ accelerator SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chu, WT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A533 EP A537 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500094 ER PT S AU Ingersoll, DT Slater, CO Williams, LR AF Ingersoll, DT Slater, CO Williams, LR BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI BNCT filter design studies for the ORNL Tower Shielding Facility SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND DE beam filter; filter designs; filter materials; neutron sources; reactor facilities; Tower Shielding Facility; treatment facility C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ingersoll, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A376 EP A380 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500065 ER PT S AU Ingersoll, DT Slater, CO Redmond, EL Zamenhof, RG AF Ingersoll, DT Slater, CO Redmond, EL Zamenhof, RG BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Comparison of TORT and MCNP dose calculations for BNCT treatment planning SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND DE deterministic; dose distributions; MCNP4A; Monte Carlo; NCTPLAN; nuclear data; TORT; treatment planning C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ingersoll, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A95 EP A99 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500014 ER PT S AU Liu, HB Capala, J Joel, DD Brugger, RM Rorer, DC AF Liu, HB Capala, J Joel, DD Brugger, RM Rorer, DC BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI NCT facilities at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, HB (reprint author), SM-ALC-TIR 5335 Price Ave, McClellan AFB, CA 95652 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A311 EP A315 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500052 ER PT S AU Nigg, DW Mitchell, HE Harker, YD Harmon, JF AF Nigg, DW Mitchell, HE Harker, YD Harmon, JF BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Experimental investigation of filtered epithermal photoneutron beams for BNCT SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nigg, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A477 EP A482 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500084 ER PT S AU Nigg, DW Wheeler, FJ Wessol, DE Wemple, CA Babcock, R Capala, J AF Nigg, DW Wheeler, FJ Wessol, DE Wemple, CA Babcock, R Capala, J BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Some recent developments in treatment planning software and methodology for BNCT SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Nigg, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A91 EP A94 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500013 ER PT S AU Wheeler, FJ AF Wheeler, FJ BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Optimization in neutron capture therapy planning SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wheeler, FJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A85 EP A90 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500012 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Capala, J Chadha, M Pendzick, NE Chanana, AD AF Wielopolski, L Capala, J Chadha, M Pendzick, NE Chanana, AD BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Considerations for patient positioning in static beams for BNCT SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP A357 EP A360 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500061 ER PT S AU Chanana, AD Coderre, JA Joel, DD Slatkin, DN AF Chanana, AD Coderre, JA Joel, DD Slatkin, DN BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Protocols for BNCT of glioblastoma multiforme at Brookhaven: Practical considerations SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chanana, AD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B571 EP B574 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500210 ER PT S AU Coderre, JA Capala, J Makar, M Diaz, AZ AF Coderre, JA Capala, J Makar, M Diaz, AZ BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Application of BNCT to other types of tumors SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B649 EP B653 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500224 ER PT S AU Coderre, JA Morris, GM Capala, J Micca, PL Fisher, CD Gavin, PR Blazek, ER AF Coderre, JA Morris, GM Capala, J Micca, PL Fisher, CD Gavin, PR Blazek, ER BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Radiobiology in support of the BNCT clinical trial SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B588 EP B592 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500213 ER PT S AU Joel, DD Chadha, M Chanana, AD Coderre, JA Elowitz, EH Gebbers, JO Liu, HB Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Shady, M Slatkin, DN AF Joel, DD Chadha, M Chanana, AD Coderre, JA Elowitz, EH Gebbers, JO Liu, HB Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Shady, M Slatkin, DN BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Uptake of BPA into glioblastoma multiforme correlates with tumor cellularity SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Joel, DD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B225 EP B228 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500143 ER PT S AU Lorusso, GF De Stasio, G Perret, D Andres, R Mercanti, D Ciotti, MT Milazzo, L Casalbore, P Margaritondo, G AF Lorusso, GF De Stasio, G Perret, D Andres, R Mercanti, D Ciotti, MT Milazzo, L Casalbore, P Margaritondo, G BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Quantitative characterization of the time dependence of boron uptake by brain cells SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lorusso, GF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B330 EP B333 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500163 ER PT S AU Miura, M Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Slatkin, DN AF Miura, M Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Slatkin, DN BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Might iodomethyl-alpha-tyrosine be a surrogate for BPA in BNCT? SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND DE B-10-BPA; I-123-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine (IAMT); I-125-IAMT; boronophenylalanine (BPA); rats C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B302 EP B307 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500158 ER PT S AU Miura, M Joel, DD Nawrocky, MM Micca, PL Fisher, CD Heinrichs, JC Rising, CE Walker, W Slatkin, DN AF Miura, M Joel, DD Nawrocky, MM Micca, PL Fisher, CD Heinrichs, JC Rising, CE Walker, W Slatkin, DN BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Carborane-containing metalloporphyrins for BNCT SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B56 EP B61 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500110 ER PT S AU Slatkin, DN Nawrocky, MM Coderre, JA Fisher, CD Joel, DD Lombardo, DT Micca, PL AF Slatkin, DN Nawrocky, MM Coderre, JA Fisher, CD Joel, DD Lombardo, DT Micca, PL BE Larsson, B Crawford, J Weinreich, R TI Boron concentrations in rat tissues after partial hepatectomy and a single injection of L-BPA/fructose complex SO ADVANCES IN NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY, VOLS I AND II: VOL I: MEDICINE AND PHYSICS, VOL II: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy CY SEP 04-07, 1996 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Slatkin, DN (reprint author), 2415 Long Creek Dr, Southold, NY 11971 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-82781-1 J9 INT CONGR SER PY 1997 VL 1132 BP B229 EP B233 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Oncology; Chemistry; Psychology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK48C UT WOS:000072304500144 ER PT B AU Cooper, G AF Cooper, G BE Bauer, W Mignerey, A TI Strangeness production in Pb+Pb at 158GeV/nucleon SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL FLORIDA KEYS, FL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cooper, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45719-9 PY 1997 BP 123 EP 128 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BK11U UT WOS:000071227000016 ER PT B AU Back, BB Hofman, DJ Nanal, V AF Back, BB Hofman, DJ Nanal, V BE Bauer, W Mignerey, A TI Fission hindrance in hot nuclei SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL FLORIDA KEYS, FL C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45719-9 PY 1997 BP 189 EP 196 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BK11U UT WOS:000071227000024 ER PT B AU Russ, DE Mignerey, AC Garcia-Solis, EJ Madani, H Shea, JY Stanskas, PJ Bjarki, O Gualtieri, EE Hannuschke, SA Pak, R Stone, NTB VanderMolen, AM Westfall, GD Yee, J AF Russ, DE Mignerey, AC Garcia-Solis, EJ Madani, H Shea, JY Stanskas, PJ Bjarki, O Gualtieri, EE Hannuschke, SA Pak, R Stone, NTB VanderMolen, AM Westfall, GD Yee, J BE Bauer, W Mignerey, A TI Projectile like fragments from Xe-129+Cu-nat reactions at E/A=30, 40, 50 MeV SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL FLORIDA KEYS, FL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russ, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45719-9 PY 1997 BP 223 EP 229 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BK11U UT WOS:000071227000028 ER PT B AU Cianciolo, V AF Cianciolo, V BE Bauer, W Mignerey, A TI Recent results from experiment E910 SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL FLORIDA KEYS, FL C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cianciolo, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS 6372, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45719-9 PY 1997 BP 231 EP 238 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BK11U UT WOS:000071227000029 ER PT B AU Phair, L Moretto, LG Rubehn, T Wozniak, GJ Beaulieu, L Colonna, N Ghetti, R Tso, K AF Phair, L Moretto, LG Rubehn, T Wozniak, GJ Beaulieu, L Colonna, N Ghetti, R Tso, K BE Bauer, W Mignerey, A TI Interpreting multiplicity-gated fragment distributions from heavy-ion collisions SO ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR DYNAMICS 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics CY FEB 01-08, 1997 CL FLORIDA KEYS, FL C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Phair, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45719-9 PY 1997 BP 257 EP 265 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BK11U UT WOS:000071227000032 ER PT B AU Mahurin, RK Bittner, AC Heyer, NJ AF Mahurin, RK Bittner, AC Heyer, NJ BE Das, B Karwowski, W TI Brain imaging and human performance: Fatigue and occupational exposure applications SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Int Soc Occupat Ergon & Safety AB Recent advances in brain imaging and computational modeling provide powerful new techniques for human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) investigations. Noninvasive measurement of brain activity in normal subjects can be obtained during the performance of specific cognitive tasks measuring memory, attention, language, skilled movement, and perception. Meta-analysis of brain imaging studies has yielded associations between regional brain activity and performance of specific cognitive activities and psychological states. Taken together, integrated maps of mental function (cognitive space) and regional cerebral metabolism (brain space) can be used to attack specific ergonomics and safety problems. Using brain imaging and performance data, we have begun to establish a pattern of resting-state networks in brain activity. These patterns are associated with specific cognitive capabilities and reflect sleep loss, fatigue, and the influence of environmental variables. RP Mahurin, RK (reprint author), BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,4000 NE 41ST ST,SEATTLE,WA 98015, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-349-8 PY 1997 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BJ61S UT WOS:A1997BJ61S00030 ER PT B AU Bennett, CL AF Bennett, CL BE Das, B Karwowski, W TI Participatory ergonomics for ergonomists SO ADVANCES IN OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS AND SAFETY 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference CY JUN 01-04, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Int Soc Occupat Ergon & Safety AB This paper makes a case for the use of participatory ergonomics by and for ergonomists. A strategy for using participatory ergonomics in a conference workshop format is described. The process could be used as a tool for issues of common concern among ergonomists. It would also offer an experience of the participatory ergonomics process. An example workshop on quantifying costs and benefits of ergonomics is discussed. RP Bennett, CL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-309,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-349-8 PY 1997 BP 439 EP 442 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BJ61S UT WOS:A1997BJ61S00099 ER PT S AU Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW AF Alman, DE Hawk, JA Simmons, JW BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Abrasive wear behavior of P/M titanium metal-matrix composites SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB The abrasive wear behavior of titanium metal-matrix composites produced by powder metallurgical techniques was studied. Titanium powder was mixed with 0, 20 and 40 volume percent (vol%) ZrB2, TiB2, TiC, SiC, B4C, ZrC, TiN, Si3N4, or AlN powder to produce a composite powder blend. The composite powder blends were consolidated by hot-pressing at 1200 degrees C and 20 MPa for 2 hours. Also, a series of Ti-TiB2 composites were consolidated by press and sinter techniques. Two-body abrasive wear of the composites was studied using a 100 mu m garnet abrasive. The wear behavior of the composites was correlated to the physical properties (e.g., microstructure, sinter density, and hardness) of the composites, and compared to the wear behavior of conventionally cast and wrought Ti alloys. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Alman, DE (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 73 EP 717 PG 645 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600038 ER PT S AU Mi, J Ting, J Terpstra, R Anderson, IE Mao, CP Figliola, RS AF Mi, J Ting, J Terpstra, R Anderson, IE Mao, CP Figliola, RS BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Gas dynamics of annular slit convergent-divergent high pressure gas atomization SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB A high pressure gas atomization (HPGA) process using discrete convergent-divergent nozzles operating at its design pressure shows promise in producing high yields of fine alloy powders. The results of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of the gas-only flow field of an annular slit convergent-divergent gas atomizer are reported in this paper. The axisymmetric, turbulent, compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved for the gas flow in the vicinity of the melt tip. Effects of gas operating pressure and melt tip geometry on the gas flow field and the melt aspiration are examined. The numerical results indicate the existence of a strong recirculation region, shear layer, expansion and compression waves in the flow field. For a given melt tip taper angle, an optimum melt tip protrusion length can be reached for desirable melt aspiration. A small tip taper angle encourages a stable aspirating condition. The knowledge gained in this study will help to improve the design of an annular slit convergent-divergent nozzle for high pressure gas atomization of liquid metal and alloy. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mi, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600028 ER PT S AU Anderson, IE Ting, J Pecharsky, VK Witham, C Bowman, RC AF Anderson, IE Ting, J Pecharsky, VK Witham, C Bowman, RC BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Atomization and rapid solidification processing effects on AB(5) alloys for battery applications SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB A high pressure gas atomization approach to rapid solidification has been employed to investigate simplified processing of Sn modified LaNi5 powders that can be used for advanced Ni/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries. The current industrial practice involves casting, annealing and grinding and utilizes a complex and costly alloy design. This investigation is an attempt to produce powder for battery cathode fabrication that can be used in an as-atomized condition without annealing or grinding. In this initial study, Ar atomization gas was used and a high level of Sn was added to ensure subambient pressure hydrogen absorption/desorption behavior at ambient temperature. The resulting fine, spherical powders were subject to microstructural analysis, hydrogen charging/discharging cycles, and electrochemical cell testing to evaluate suitability for Ni/MH battery applications. The results demonstrate that careful solidification microstructure control is required if the benefits of simplified AB(5) alloy design are to be realized with maximum processing efficiency. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 531 EP 544 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600030 ER PT S AU Ting, J Mi, J Anderson, IE Terpstra, R AF Ting, J Mi, J Anderson, IE Terpstra, R BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Optimizing melt tip geometry for high pressure gas atomization SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB Controlling aspiration at the melt tip is essential for gravity-fed, close-coupled, high pressure gas atomization. Aspiration base pressure in the HPGA-II nozzle, strongly influenced by the melt-tip geometry is studied in this paper. Developing an understanding of the gas flow field of an individual discrete convergent-divergent micro-jet used in the HPGA-II nozzle is essential for optimizing the melt-tip design. It is possible to predict an optimum melt tip length using only information about the gas flow features of a single discrete convergent-divergent micro-jet. Subambient aspiration base pressure was observed when a single micro-jet observations had indicated a strong Prandtl-Meyer expansion wave should be located adjacent to the melt tip in a fully assembled atomizer nozzle. C1 Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Dept, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ting, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Dept, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 553 EP 567 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600032 ER PT S AU Flumerfelt, JF Anderson, IE Foley, JC AF Flumerfelt, JF Anderson, IE Foley, JC BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Consolidation of pure aluminum powders SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB Throughout the consolidation sequence of aluminum powders, the oxide and/or hydroxide films on the powder surfaces interfere with densification acid interparticle bonding. While preventing aluminum oxide from forming is nearly impossible, it is possible to modify the oxide coating formed with advanced processing techniques such gas atomization reaction synthesis (CARS). The formation of a modified oxide coating may enable the use of cold degassing techniques before consolidation. An examination of the effects of different vacuum degassing conditions on green compacts of pure aluminum powder, before subsequent hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is presented. Direct comparisons are made of the microstructures and the mechanical properties of HIP samples to evaluate the effectiveness of two different vacuum degassing conditions. For each vacuum degassing condition, two different pure aluminum powders were utilized, an inhouse nitrogen gas atomized aluminum powder (GARS-5) and a commercial purity (CP) air atomized aluminum powder. The results suggest that a consolidation sequence of cold isostatic pressing (CIP), room temperature vacuum degassing, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) can provide full densification, particularly in the case of the CARS aluminum powder. C1 Ames Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Flumerfelt, JF (reprint author), Ames Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 1011 EP 1019 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600053 ER PT S AU Lograsso, BK Foley, JC Anderson, IE Kameda, J Maziasz, P Bulger, M AF Lograsso, BK Foley, JC Anderson, IE Kameda, J Maziasz, P Bulger, M BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Punch testing of powder-processed ferrous alloys SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB The production of metal injection molded (MIM) and conventional powder metallurgy parts often requires manufactures to mechanically test parts to ensure durability and strength requirements are being met. However in the case of MIM or some conventional powder metallurgy parts, the conventional test samples, such as Charpy V-notch and tensile tests, are often much larger than the part being manufactured. The presence of minor defects that are critical to the performance of a smaller powder metallurgy part can often be insignificant in a larger test sample. The development of a mechanical test that uses a test sample that is similar in size to that of a MIM part is needed for a direct correlation of predicted part performance. The small punch test developed at Ames Laboratory has the capability of evaluating the embrittling effect of porosity and other microstructural defects. An analysis of small punch tests performed on 17-4 PH powder processed by MIM and an iron aluminide powder alloy processed by extrusion and ingot metallurgy indicate that the analysis of the punch test resulted in lower measured strengths and fracture energy values. The lower values obtained may be due to greater sensitivity to microstructural features such as porosity and grain boundary phases of the punch test. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lograsso, BK (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 1231 EP 1242 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600065 ER PT S AU Smugeresky, JE Keicher, DM Romero, JA Griffith, ML Harwell, LD AF Smugeresky, JE Keicher, DM Romero, JA Griffith, ML Harwell, LD BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Laser engineered net shaping (LENS (TM)) process: Optimization of surface finish and microstructural properties SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB Rapid prototyping techniques have revolutionized the approach to fabricating geometrically complex hardware from a CAD solid model. These techniques allow component designers to directly fabricate conceptual models in plastics and polymer coated metals; however, each of these techniques requires additional post processing to allow the fabrication of functional metallic hardware. This limitation has provided the impetus for further development of freeform fabrication techniques which enable fabrication of functional metallic hardware directly from the CAD solid model. The Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS(TM)) process holds promise in satisfying this need. This newly emerging technology possesses the capability to fabricate fully dense components with good dimensional accuracy and with unique material properties. Relatively complex geometrical shapes have been fabricated using this technology. In continuing to develop the LENS(TM) process, further advancements are required. The functional dependence of the component surface finish and microstructural characteristics on process parameters including powder size and size distribution are being characterized. A set of statistically designed experiments is being used to sort through the various process parameters and identify significant process variables for improving surface finish and achieving optimum material microstructural properties. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Smugeresky, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 2133 EP 2142 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600156 ER PT S AU Lewis, GK Thoma, DJ Nemec, RB Milewski, JO AF Lewis, GK Thoma, DJ Nemec, RB Milewski, JO BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI Directed Light Fabrication of refractory metals SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB Directed Light Fabrication (DLF) is a metal, rapid fabrication process that fuses metal powders to full density into a solid replica of a computer modeled component. It has been shown feasible for forming nearly any metal and also intermetallics to near net shape with a single process. DLF of refractory pure metals is feasible, bypassing the extensive series of conventional processing steps used for processing these high melting point materials. Tungsten, tantalum, and rhenium were processed and show a continuous resolidified microstructure. Porosity was a problem for the tantalum and rhenium powders produced by chemical reduction processes but not for the tungsten powder spherodized in a plasma are. Chemical analysis of powder compared to the DLF deposit showed reductions in carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, indicating that process parameters may also be optimized for evolution of residual gases in the deposits. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lewis, GK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 2143 EP 2149 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600157 ER PT S AU Prichard, PD Anderson, IE Kameda, J AF Prichard, PD Anderson, IE Kameda, J BE McKotch, RA Webb, R TI The structure property relationship of powder processed Fe-Al-Si alloys SO ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS - 1997 SE ADVANCES IN POWDER METALLURGY & PARTICULATE MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Met Powder Ind Federat, APMI Int AB The potential of iron-aluminum alloys for MIM components in heat resistant automotive applications was the impetus for the investigation. Three powder alloys were produced with a high pressure gas atomization (HPGA) process to obtain a high fraction of MIM quality powder (D-84 < 32 mu m) with nominal compositions of Fe-15Al, Fe-15Al-2.8Si, Fe-15Al-5Si (atomic %). The powders were consolidated either by PIM hot extrusion or by vacuum sintering. Vacuum sintering of tap dense powders was used to simulate the 65% particle packing of a MIM components. The powders were extruded at a 14:1 extrusion ratio at 1000 degrees C. The extrusion was near full density with grain sizes ranging from 30 to 50 mu m, but the sintered material contained approximately 10% porosity with the average grain size of 30 mu m. Samples were heat treated at 600 degrees C to develop equilibrium structures above the maximum test temperature. Punch tests were conducted from 25 degrees C to 550 degrees C to determine the yield strength, and fracture energy for each alloy as a function of processing condition. The ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) was observed to increase with an increasing silicon content. The yield strength was observed to increase with the silicon content, but the Fe-15Al-5Si alloys failed by transgranular cleavage below 150 degrees C before plastic flow was observed. The Fe-15Al-2.8Si alloy had a room temperature yield strength of 514 MPa and a fracture energy of 400 mJ. The yield strength at 550 degrees C was 200 MPa and the fracture energy was 850 mJ. The sintered samples performed well in comparison with the hot extruded samples, which indicated the use of Fe-Al-Si alloys was technically viable with a MIM process that introduces carbon or oxygen contamination less than 100 ppmw. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prichard, PD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FED PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540-6692 USA SN 1065-5824 BN 1-878954-63-6 J9 ADV PM PART PY 1997 BP 13103 EP 13116 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK56D UT WOS:000072572600079 ER PT S AU Schlunegger, MP Bennett, MJ Eisenberg, D AF Schlunegger, MP Bennett, MJ Eisenberg, D BE Wetzel, R TI Oligomer formation by 3D domain swapping: A model for protein assembly and misassembly SO ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY, VOL 50: PROTEIN MISASSEMBLY SE ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1; SECONDARY STRUCTURE FORMATION; BOVINE SEMINAL RIBONUCLEASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION STRUCTURE; FREE-ENERGY DETERMINANTS; ODORANT BINDING-PROTEIN; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; X-RAY-ANALYSIS C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DOE, LAB STRUCT BIOL & MOL MED, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, DIV BIOL 152 29, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RP Schlunegger, MP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, INST MOL BIOL, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095 USA. NR 137 TC 244 Z9 245 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3233 BN 0-12-034250-2 J9 ADV PROTEIN CHEM JI Adv.Protein Chem. PY 1997 VL 50 BP 61 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0065-3233(08)60319-8 PG 62 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BJ93C UT WOS:A1997BJ93C00002 PM 9338079 ER PT J AU Ayisi, KK Putnam, DH Vance, CP Russelle, MP Allan, DL AF Ayisi, KK Putnam, DH Vance, CP Russelle, MP Allan, DL TI Strip intercropping and nitrogen effects on seed, oil, and protein yields of canola and soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUNFLOWER; CORN AB Increased world demand for high-quality edible oil requires agronomic practices that increase oilseed yields with minimal environmental impact. We hypothesized that strip intercrops of canola (Brassica napus L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] would increase seed, oil, and protein yields compared with sole crops. Canola (cv. Global) was grown in 4.5-m wide strips adjacent to 4.5-m strips of later-planted soybean (cv. Chippewa) at Rosemount, MN, in 1991 and 1992, and at St Paul, MN, in 1992. Zero or 134 kg N ha(-1) was applied at planting in the Rosemount studies, and 134 kg N ha(-1) was applied at St. Paul. Seed yield, oil, and crude protein (CP) concentrations were determined for individual rows. Land equivalent ratios (LER) were calculated, using inner rows of the strip to represent sole crop yields. Canola border row yields were 225 to 590% of those of sole crop rows. Without N fertilization, soybean border row yields were similar to sole crop rows, but with added N fertilizer were only 50 to 65% of the sole crop yields. Projected LERs (range: 1.02 to 1.65) were significantly greater than 1.0 for strip widths of 1 to 4 m without N, and 1 to 6 m with fertilizer N. Strip intercrops produced edible oil and CP yields up to 170% of the mean of the two sole crops. Intercropping canola and soybean in strips has the potential to reduce fertilizer applications and enhance oil and protein yields compared with sole crops. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV NORTH,DEPT PLANT PROD,ZA-0727 SOVENGA,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300004 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS Essunger, P Ho, DD AF Perelson, AS Essunger, P Ho, DD TI Dynamics of HIV-1 and CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; viral dynamics; viral toad; CD4 lymphocytes; antiretroviral therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IN-VIVO; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; LIFE-SPAN; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; VIRAL REPLICATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION; PLASMA C1 ROCKEFELLER UNIV,AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,THEORET BIOL & BIOPHYS GRP,MS K710,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 47 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 1997 VL 11 SU A BP S17 EP S24 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA YJ012 UT WOS:A1997YJ01200003 PM 9451962 ER PT S AU Qiao, HZ Rao, NSV Protopopescu, V AF Qiao, HZ Rao, NSV Protopopescu, V BE Li, M Maruoka, A TI PAC learning using Nadaraya-Watson estimator based on orthonormal systems SO ALGORITHMIC LEARNING THEORY SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Algorithmic Learning Theory CY OCT 06-08, 1997 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP Japanese Soc Artif Intelligence, Tohoku Univ ID NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION AB Regression or function classes of Euclidean type with compact support and certain smoothness properties are shown to be PAC learnable by the Nadaraya-Watson estimator based on complete orthonormal systems. While requiring more smoothness properties than typical PAC formulations, this estimator is computationally efficient, easy to implement, and known to perform well in a number of practical applications. The sample sizes necessary for PAC learning of regressions or functions under sup norm cost are derived for a general orthonormal system. The result covers the widely used estimators based on Haar wavelets, trignometric functions, and Daubechies wavelets. C1 Fort Valley State Coll, Dept Math & Phys, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Qiao, HZ (reprint author), Fort Valley State Coll, Dept Math & Phys, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-63577-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 1997 VL 1316 BP 146 EP 160 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BP50L UT WOS:000085344700011 ER PT B AU Theiler, J Gisler, G AF Theiler, J Gisler, G BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI A contiguity-enhanced k-means clustering algorithm for unsupervised multispectral image segmentation SO ALGORITHMS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms, Devices, and Systems for Optical Information Processing CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE algorithm; image segmentation; clustering; k-means AB The recent and continuing construction of multi-and hyper-spectral imagers will provide detailed data cubes with information in both the spatial and spectral domain. This data shows great promise for remote sensing applications ranging from environmental and agricultural to national security interests. The reduction of this voluminous data to useful intermediate forms is necessary both for downlinking all those bits and for interpreting them. Smart on-board hardware is required, as well as sophisticated earth-bound processing. A segmented image (in which the multispectral data in each pixel is classified into one of a small number of categories) is one kind of intermediate form which provides some measure of data compression. Traditional image segmentation algorithms treat pixels independently and cluster the pixels according only to their spectral information. This neglects the implicit spatial information that is available in the image. We will suggest a simple approach-a variant of the standard k-means algorithm-which uses both spatial and spectral properties of the image. The segmented image has the property that pixels which are spatially contiguous are more likely to be in the same class than are random pairs of pixels. This property naturally comes at some cost in terms of the compactness of the clusters in the spectral domain, but we have found that the spatial contiguity and spectral compactness properties are nearly ''orthogonal,'' which means that we can make considerable improvements in the one with minimal loss in the other. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ASTROPHYS & RADIAT MEASUREMENT GRP,MS-D436,NIS-2,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2581-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3159 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.279444 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ95C UT WOS:A1997BJ95C00012 ER PT B AU Rashidi, M Dehmeshki, J Daemi, F Cole, L Dickenson, E AF Rashidi, M Dehmeshki, J Daemi, F Cole, L Dickenson, E BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Color image analysis of contaminants and bacteria transport in porous media SO ALGORITHMS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms, Devices, and Systems for Optical Information Processing CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE color imaging; transport; flow; contaminants; bacteria; porous media; fluorescent techniques AB Transport of contaminants and bacteria in aqueous heterogeneous saturated porous systems have been studied experimentally using a novel fluorescent microscopic imaging (FMI) technique. The approach involves color visualization and quantification of bacterium and contaminant distributions within a transparent porous column. By introducing stained bacteria and an organic dye as a contaminant into the column and illuminating the porous regions with a planar sheet of laser beam, contaminant and bacterial transport processes through the porous medium can be observed and measured microscopically. A computer controlled color CCD camera is used to record the fluorescent images as a function of time. These images are recorded by a frame accurate high resolution VCR and are then analyzed using a color image analysis code written in our laboratories. The color images are digitized this way and simultaneous concentration and velocity distributions of both contaminant and bacterium are evaluated as a function of time and pore characteristics. The approach provides a unique dynamic probe to observe these transport processes microscopically. These results are extremely valuable in in-situ bioremediation problems since microscopic particle-contaminant-bacterium interactions are the key to understanding and optimization of these processes. RP Rashidi, M (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2581-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3159 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1117/12.284200 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ95C UT WOS:A1997BJ95C00031 ER PT B AU Briles, S AF Briles, S BE Iverson, AE Shen, SS TI A real-time, onboard hyperspectral-image compression system for a parallel push-broom sensor SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagery III CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hyperspectral imagery; image compression; wavelets AB For a dispersive hyperspectral imaging sensor, frames are continuously being generated with spatially continuous rows of differing spectral wavelengths. As the sensor advances in the direction of travel, a hyperspectral data cube can be constructed from adjacent frames. A hyperspectral sensor residing an a satellite would require either an extremely large bandwidth for the downlink or onboard data compression to transmit the majority of the data. This paper presents a compression algorithm and the implementation of the algorithm on a real-time computational architecture. The compression algorithm uses wavelet subband coding, and universal trellis code quantization. The full implementation algorithm might include differential pulse code modulation between spectral images, The computational implementation of the algorithm uses a real-time operating system and a single general-propose microprocessor upon a VME backplane. Tradeoffs between algorithm performance and computational burden are discussed. Performance of the algorithm is presented in terms root-mean-squared error and execution time. Quantitative results for the implementation of the algorithm are provided. RP Briles, S (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAIL STOP D440,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2486-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3071 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.280595 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ39C UT WOS:A1997BJ39C00017 ER PT B AU Chalasani, P Motwani, R Rao, AS AF Chalasani, P Motwani, R Rao, AS BE Laumond, JP Overmars, M TI Algorithms for robot grasp and delivery SO ALGORITHMS FOR ROBOTIC MOTION AND MANIPULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics CY JUL, 1996 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP CNRS, Reg Midi Pyrenees, Conseil Gen Haute Garonne AB We consider the following application from industrial automation: parts arrive on a conveyer belt and have to be grasped by a robot arm of finite capacity and then delivered to specified delivery points for packaging or other processing. An intelligent choice of the order of picking up the parts can significantly reduce the total distance traveled by the robot arm and, consequently, its cycle time. We model this application as problems of the form: Given n identical parts initially located on a conveyer belt, and a robot arm of capacity k parts, compute the shortest route for the robot arm to grasp and deliver the n parts, handling at most k at a time. We consider arbitrary finite k as well as unbounded k. We also allow the belt to be either motionless or moving with a known fixed velocity. For the moving belt problem, we require all parts to be delivered to a specified origin point, while for the static cease we allow up to n different destinations for the parts. In either case, since the optimization problems that result are NP-hard, the focus is on devising efficient approximation, algorithms. While the approaches taken. for the static and the moving belt ceases are very different, all our algorithms are simple to implement, efficient, and produce a solution within a small constant factor of the optimum. RP Chalasani, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A K PETERS, LTD PI WELLESLEY PA 289 LINDEN ST, WELLESLEY, MA 02181 BN 1-56881-067-9 PY 1997 BP 347 EP 362 PG 16 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BH42D UT WOS:A1997BH42D00024 ER PT B AU Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Thompson, PA Doren, NE AF Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Thompson, PA Doren, NE BE Zelnio, EG TI Space-variant filtering for correction of wavefront curvature effects in spotlight-mode SAR imagery formed via polar formatting SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IV CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Wavefront curvature defocus effects can occur in spotlight-mode SAR imagery when reconstructed via the well-known polar formatting algorithm (PFA) under certain scenarios that include imaging at close range, use of very low center frequency, and/or imaging of very large scenes. The range migration algorithm (RMA), also known as seismic migration, was developed to accommodate these wavefront curvature effects. However, the along-track upsampling of the phase history data required of the original version of range migration can in certain instances represent a major computational burden. A more recent version of migration processing, the Frequency Domain Replication and Downsampling (FReD) algorithm. obviates the need to up sampler and is accordingly more efficient. In this paper we demonstrate that the combination of traditional polar formatting with appropriate space-variant post-filtering for refocus can be as efficient or even more efficient than FReD under some imaging conditions, as demonstrated by the computer-simulated results in this paper. The post-filter can be pre-calculated from a theoretical derivation of the curvature effect. The conclusion is that the new polar formatting with post filtering algorithm (PF2) should be considered as a viable candidate for a spotight-mode image formation processor when curvature effects are present. RP Jakowatz, CV (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2485-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3070 BP 33 EP 42 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ39B UT WOS:A1997BJ39B00004 ER PT J AU Jakus, P Bevelhimer, M Downing, M Fly, M AF Jakus, P Bevelhimer, M Downing, M Fly, M TI Do fish consumption advisories affect reservoir anglers' site choices? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1705 EP 1705 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300143 ER PT J AU Keeland, BD Sharitz, RR AF Keeland, BD Sharitz, RR TI The effects of water-level fluctuations on weekly tree growth in a southeastern USA swamp SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE flooding; growth response; Nyssa aquatica; Nyssa sylvatica var biflora; swamp; Taxodium distichum; time series analysis ID SYLVATICA VAR-BIFLORA; NYSSA-SYLVATICA; FLOOD TOLERANCE; PLANT-RESPONSES; BALD CYPRESS; ROOT; FOREST; TRANSPIRATION; ADAPTATIONS; FLORIDA AB Annual growth of wetland trees has been shown to be related to variations in hydrologic regimes, however the relationship between water level fluctuations and tree growth throughout the growing season has not been documented. In a study of weekly growth patterns of three wetland tree species in a southeastern forested wetland, transfer function modeling was used to examine relationships between tree growth and the weekly changes in water levels and weekly changes in the atmospheric water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration). An autoregressive-moving average model was fit to each time series of water-level changes (input series), and the selected model was then used to filter the tree-growth (output) time series. Cross-correlations between each input and output time series were examined and significant relationships between weekly changes in water levels and tree diameter were found for Nyssa sylvatica and Taxodium distichum trees growing at sites with periodic shallow flooding. There were no significant relationships between changing water levels and tree growth in areas with permanent flooding or soil saturation. Further, changes in growth of N. sylvatica, N. aquatica, and T. distichum were significantly cross-correlated with weekly changes in the atmospheric water balance at sites with either periodic or permanent flooding. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.2307/2445890 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WD682 UT WOS:A1997WD68200014 ER PT J AU Fowler, WM Abresch, RT Koch, TR Brewer, ML Bowden, RK Wanlass, RL AF Fowler, WM Abresch, RT Koch, TR Brewer, ML Bowden, RK Wanlass, RL TI Employment profiles in neuromuscular diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE employment; neuromuscular diseases; muscular dystrophy AB Consumer and rehabilitation provider factors that might limit employment opportunities for 154 individuals with six slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases (NMD) were investigated. The NMDs were spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (HMSN), Becker's muscular dystrophy (BMD), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD), and limb-girdle syndrome (LCS). Forty percent were employed in the competitive labor market at the time of the study, 50% had been employed in the past, and 10% had never been employed. The major consumer barrier to employment was education. Other important factors were type of occupation, intellectual capacity, psychosocial adjustment, and the belief by most individuals that their physical disability was the only or major barrier to obtaining a job. psychological characteristics were associated with level of unemployment. However, physical impairment and disability were not associated with level of unemployment. There also were differences among the types of NMDs. Compared with the SMA, HMSN, BMD, and FSHD groups, the MMD and LGS groups had significantly higher levels of unemployment, lower educational levels, and fewer employed professional, management, and technical workers. Nonphysical impairment factors such as a low percentage of college graduates, impaired intellectual function in some individuals, and poor psychological adjustment were correlated with higher unemployment levels in the MMD group. Unemployment in the LCS group was correlated with a failure to complete high school. Major provider barriers to employment were the low level of referrals to Department of Rehabilitation by physicians and the low percentage of acceptance into the State Department of Rehabilitation. The low rate of acceptance was primarily attributable to the low number of referrals compounded by a lack of counselor experience with individuals with NMD. Both consumer and provider barriers may contribute to the lack of interest in obtaining a job. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV SACRAMENTO,DEPT VOCAT REHABIL,SACRAMENTO,CA 95819. RP Fowler, WM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS MED & REHABIL,PM&R,TB 191,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1097/00002060-199701000-00006 PG 12 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA WJ616 UT WOS:A1997WJ61600006 PM 9036908 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW AF Milonni, PW TI Answer to question #45: What (if anything) does the photoelectric effect teach us? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Letter RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET T4,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1119/1.18494 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA WA789 UT WOS:A1997WA78900003 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Angrist, B Hitzemann, R Lieberman, J Pappas, N AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Logan, J Angrist, B Hitzemann, R Lieberman, J Pappas, N TI Effects of methylphenidate on regional brain glucose metabolism in humans: Relationship to dopamine D-2 receptors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; THREO-METHYLPHENIDATE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; C-11 RACLOPRIDE; RAT-BRAIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; COCAINE; BINDING; MODEL; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Objective: The authors' goals were to determine whether baseline dopamine activity contributes to response to methylphenidate and to assess the pattern of metabolic responses associated with enhanced dopamine activity. Method: They used positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose to evaluate the effects of two sequential doses of methylphenidate on brain metabolism in 15 healthy subjects. Dopamine D-2 receptor availability was measured with [11C]raclopride to evaluate its relation to methylphenidate-induced metabolic changes. Results: Methylphenidate increased brain metabolism in six subjects, decreased it in two, and did not change it in seven; however, it consistently increased cerebellar metabolism. Methylphenidate significantly increased ''relative'' (region relative to the whole brain) metabolism in the cerebellum and decreased it in the basal ganglia. Regional metabolic changes in the cerebellum and the frontal and temporal cortices were significantly correlated with D-2 availability. Frontal and temporal metabolism were increased in subjects with high D-2 receptors and decreased in subjects with low D-2 receptors. Conclusions: Methylphenidate induced variable changes in brain metabolism, but it consistently increased cerebellar metabolism. It also induced a significant reduction in relative metabolism in the basal ganglia. The significant association between metabolic changes in the frontal and temporal cortices and in the cerebellum and D-2 receptors suggests that methylphenidate's metabolic effects in these brain regions are due in part to dopamine changes and that differences in D-2 receptors may be one of the mechanisms accounting for the variability in response to methylphenidate. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NYU,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10016. HILLSIDE HOSP,GLEN OAKS,NY 11004. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,BLDG 490,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06891] NR 41 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 154 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WA663 UT WOS:A1997WA66300009 PM 8988958 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Hitzemann, R Pappas, N Pascani, K Wong, C AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Hitzemann, R Pappas, N Pascani, K Wong, C TI Gender differences in cerebellar metabolism: Test-retest reproducibility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; NORMAL MALES; RATES AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in baseline measures of regional brain metabolism and to assess their reproducibility. Method: Fifteen male and 13 female healthy subjects, whose mean age was 44 years, were tested with positron emission tomography and [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) under resting conditions; eight of the men and 11 of the women underwent a second FDG scan under the same conditions 4-6 weeks later to assess the reproducibility of the previous results. Results: There were no differences in whole brain metabolism between the women and the men. In the first evaluation the female subjects showed significantly higher metabolism in the temporal poles and cerebellum than the male subjects. During the second evaluation the female subjects had significantly higher metabolism only in the cerebellum. Conclusions: This study documents significant and reproducible gender differences in cerebellar metabolism, their functional significance merits further evaluation. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. VET AFFAIRS HOSP,NORTHPORT,NY. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,BLDG 490,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA-09481] NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 154 IS 1 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA WA663 UT WOS:A1997WA66300023 PM 8988972 ER PT J AU Cross, WH Cross, WM Jackson, PR Dixon, PM Pinder, JE AF Cross, WH Cross, WM Jackson, PR Dixon, PM Pinder, JE TI Corresponding development of plant and phytophagous orthopteran communities during southeastern old-field succession SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RANGELAND AB Data are summarized from several previous studies to show (1) that the median number of phytophagous orthopteran species increases through the early sages of old-field succession in South Carolina, and (2) that this increase is largely due to the addition of orthopterans with mandibular morphologies that indicate feeding on parallel-veined grass leaves. The later addition of graminivorous orthopterans to the community coincides with the later invasion of grasses. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB, AIKEN, SC 29801 USA. ARS, USDA, BOLL WEEVIL RES LAB, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. US DOE, SAVANNAH RIVER OPERAT OFF, AIKEN, SC 29801 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.2307/2426769 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH052 UT WOS:A1997WH05200020 ER PT J AU Stamps, JA Losos, JB Andrews, RM AF Stamps, JA Losos, JB Andrews, RM TI A comparative study of population density and sexual size dimorphism in lizards SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Review ID EXTRA-PAIR COPULATIONS; MATING SYSTEMS; BODY SIZE; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; MICROTINE RODENTS; ECOLOGICAL CAUSES; NICHE WIDTH; SELECTION; EVOLUTION AB Two hypotheses predict a positive relationship between population density and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) among species of Anolis lizards; these hypotheses focus on food competition and male-male competition for breeding territories, respectively. We first tested an underlying assumption of the food competition hypothesis, using data on the prey consumed by Anolis aeneus. This assumption is that SSD reduces intersexual food competition relative to the amount of competition expected if males and females are the same size. Contrary to this assumption, estimates of food competition were lower if males and females were the same size than if males were larger than females or vice versa. Next, we tested the prediction from both hypotheses that SSD should be positively related to female density, using data from 25 taxa (24 species) of anoles. Statistically significant relationships between these two variables were obtained in the vast majority of potentially correct phylogenies for the species in this data set, based on either a gradual or a speciational model of evolution. In addition to documenting a relationship between SSD and density, this study shows how comparative questions can be pursued in taxa that currently lack a definitive phylogeny. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT BIOL, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. RP Stamps, JA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, SECT EVOLUT & ECOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 134 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 EI 1537-5323 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 149 IS 1 BP 64 EP 90 DI 10.1086/285979 PG 27 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA WB901 UT WOS:A1997WB90100004 ER PT J AU Harcourt, AH AF Harcourt, AH TI Sperm competition in primates SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EJACULATE QUALITY; TESTES SIZE; GREAT-APES; BODY SIZE; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; SPERMATOZOA; GENITALIA; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR RP Harcourt, AH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT ANTHROPOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 36 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 149 IS 1 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1086/285986 PG 6 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA WB901 UT WOS:A1997WB90100011 ER PT S AU Vanheusden, K Warren, WL Devine, RAB Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Winokur, PS Lemnios, ZJ AF Vanheusden, K Warren, WL Devine, RAB Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Winokur, PS Lemnios, ZJ BE Warren, WL Devine, RAB Matsumura, M Cristoloveanu, S Homma, Y Kanicki, J TI Direct observation of mobile protons in SiO2 thin films: Potential application in a novel memory device SO AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE INSULATING THIN FILMS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Nippon Elect Co, SOITEC, US, Hitachi Ltd AB In this work we show that annealing of silicon/silicon-dioxide/silicon structures in forming gas (N-2:H-2; 95:5) above 500 degrees C leads to spontaneous incorporation of mobile H+ ions in the buried SiO2 layer. We demonstrate that, unlike the alkali ions feared as killer contaminants in the early days, the space charge distribution of these mobile protons within the buried oxide layer can be very well controlled and easily rearranged with relatively high speed at room temperature. The hysteresis in the flat band voltage shift provides a unique vehicle to study proton kinetics in silicon dioxide thin films. It is further shown how this effect has great potential as the basis for a reliable nonvolatile FET memory device that is expected to be competitive with state-of-the-art Si-based memory technologies. The power of this novel device is its simplicity; it requires few processing steps, all of which are standard in Si integrated-circuit fabrication. RP Vanheusden, K (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-350-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 446 BP 187 EP 192 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH92V UT WOS:A1997BH92V00027 ER PT S AU Beach, DB Vallet, CE Paranthaman, M AF Beach, DB Vallet, CE Paranthaman, M BE Warren, WL Devine, RAB Matsumura, M Cristoloveanu, S Homma, Y Kanicki, J TI Very thin films of high dielectric constant materials SO AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE INSULATING THIN FILMS - 1996 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Crystalline Insulating Thin Films, at the 1996 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 02-04, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Nippon Elect Co, SOITEC, US, Hitachi Ltd AB An all-alkoxide route to SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films and powders was developed. While stoichiometric gels transformed to single-phase SBT, excess bismuth was required to obtain single-phase SBT films on Pt substrates. An annealing temperature of 800 degrees C in O-2 for 2 minutes was required to crystallize the films. Electrical measurements of SBT films produced under these conditions showed that films less than 2000 Angstrom in thickness were shorted, while films of 3000 to 5000 Angstrom had a dielectric constant of similar to 300. RES measurements of a bismuth titanate film on Pt indicated that Pt diffuses into the dielectric layer when annealed at 700 degrees C in O-2 for 1 minute, suggesting that interfacial reaction of these layered bismuth materials may be significant. RP Beach, DB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-350-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 446 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH92V UT WOS:A1997BH92V00045 ER PT S AU Crandall, RS Mahan, AH Iwaniczko, E Jones, KM Liu, X White, BE Pohl, RO AF Crandall, RS Mahan, AH Iwaniczko, E Jones, KM Liu, X White, BE Pohl, RO BE Wagner, S Hack, M Schiff, EA Schropp, R Shimizu, I TI New results on the microstructure of amorphous silicon as observed by internal friction SO AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGY - 1997 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Canon Corp, dpiX, A Xerox Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Fuji Elect Corp Res, Mitsui Toatsu Chem, MV Syst Inc, NAPS France, UNI SOLAR, Sanyo Elect Co, Sharp Ccorp, Solarex Crp, Voltaix Inc AB We have measured the law temperature internal friction (Q(-1)) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) films. Electron-beam evaporation leads to the well-known temperature-independent Q(0)(-1) plateau common to all amorphous solids. For hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) with about 1 at. % B produced by hot wire chemical vapor deposition, however, the value of Q(0)(-1) is over two hundred times smaller than for e-beam a-Si. This is the first observation of an amorphous solid without any significant low energy excitations. This finding offers the opportunity to study amorphous solids containing controlled densities of tunneling defects, and thus to explore their nature. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Crandall, RS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-371-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 467 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK19Q UT WOS:000071462000028 ER PT S AU Heck, S Stradins, P Fritzsche, H AF Heck, S Stradins, P Fritzsche, H BE Wagner, S Hack, M Schiff, EA Schropp, R Shimizu, I TI Space charge memory effect in a-Si : H at low temperatures SO AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGY - 1997 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Canon Corp, dpiX, A Xerox Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Fuji Elect Corp Res, Mitsui Toatsu Chem, MV Syst Inc, NAPS France, UNI SOLAR, Sanyo Elect Co, Sharp Ccorp, Solarex Crp, Voltaix Inc AB Space charges build up near one or both electrodes of a photoconductor unless the thermoionic current balances the photocurrent. Space charges built up also when a voltage U is applied at low T to a semiconductor containing a nonequilibrium distribution of carriers. The presence of a space charge is observed as a relaxation-current transient when the sample is illuminated at zero bias. If one type of carrier is immobile the steady state photocurrent becomes zero. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Heck, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-371-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 467 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK19Q UT WOS:000071462000038 ER PT S AU Yu, KM Wang, L Walukiewicz, W Muto, S McCormick, S Abelson, JR AF Yu, KM Wang, L Walukiewicz, W Muto, S McCormick, S Abelson, JR BE Wagner, S Hack, M Schiff, EA Schropp, R Shimizu, I TI Effects of synchrotron x-rays on PVD deposited and ion implanted alpha-Si SO AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGY - 1997 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Canon Corp, dpiX, A Xerox Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Fuji Elect Corp Res, Mitsui Toatsu Chem, MV Syst Inc, NAPS France, UNI SOLAR, Sanyo Elect Co, Sharp Ccorp, Solarex Crp, Voltaix Inc AB We have studied the effects of intense x-ray irradiation on the stucture of amorphous Si films. The films were obtained by either physical vapor deposition or by implantation of high energy ions into crystalline Si. They were exposed to different total doses of synchrotron x-rays. From the EXAFS and EXELFS measurements we find that an exposure to x-rays increases the Si coordination number. Also in the PVD films a prolonged x-ray exposure enlarges, by about 2 %, the Si-Si bond length. Raman spectroscopy shows that Si amorphized with high energy ions contains small residual amounts of crystalline material. Irradiation of such films with x-rays annihilates those crystallites resulting in homogenously amorphous layer with a close to four-fold coordination of Si atoms. This rearangement of the local structure has a pronounced effect on the crystallization process of the amorphous films. Thermal annealing of x-ray irradiated ion amorphized films leads to nearly defect free solid phase epitaxy at 500 degrees C. Also we observe a delay in the onset of the crystallization process in x-ray irradiated PVD films. We associate this with a reduced concentration of nucleation centers in the x-ray treated materials. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Muto, Shunsuke/G-5741-2012; OI Muto, Shunsuke/0000-0001-6275-0649; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-371-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 467 BP 355 EP 360 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK19Q UT WOS:000071462000053 ER PT S AU Mahan, AH Williamson, DL Furtak, TE AF Mahan, AH Williamson, DL Furtak, TE BE Wagner, S Hack, M Schiff, EA Schropp, R Shimizu, I TI Observation of improved structural ordering in low H content, hot wire deposited a-Si : H SO AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGY - 1997 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Canon Corp, dpiX, A Xerox Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Fuji Elect Corp Res, Mitsui Toatsu Chem, MV Syst Inc, NAPS France, UNI SOLAR, Sanyo Elect Co, Sharp Ccorp, Solarex Crp, Voltaix Inc AB We present the results of X-ray diffraction measurements on a series of device quality hot wire (HW) deposited a-Si:H films in which we vary only the substrate temperature of the growing film, which decreases the bonded from H content in a systematic fashion. By increasing the substrate temperature to similar to 375 degrees C, where we deposit our low H content (C-H) HW films which exhibit a reduced Staebler-Wronski effect, the width of the first peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern narrows noticeably. We interpret this narrowing to be the first indication of improved medium range ordering in our low C-H, device quality HW a-Si:H. We note in addition that measurements of the bond angle deviation, obtained from Raman measurements of the half width of the Si-Si TO phonon mode on the same samples, do not show this same evidence of improved ordering as the substrate temperature is increased. We discuss these differences in the context of sample annealing experiments designed to effuse H from the region of the sample probed by the surface sensitive Raman technique, while leaving the bulk of the material, which is sampled by the X-ray beam, largely unaffected. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-371-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 467 BP 657 EP 662 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK19Q UT WOS:000071462000098 ER PT S AU Wang, Q Crandall, RS Han, DX AF Wang, Q Crandall, RS Han, DX BE Wagner, S Hack, M Schiff, EA Schropp, R Shimizu, I TI The effects of hydrogen dilution on Voc in a-Si : H PIN solar cells SO AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGY - 1997 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Canon Corp, dpiX, A Xerox Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Fuji Elect Corp Res, Mitsui Toatsu Chem, MV Syst Inc, NAPS France, UNI SOLAR, Sanyo Elect Co, Sharp Ccorp, Solarex Crp, Voltaix Inc AB We study the effects of hydrogen dilution on the open circuit voltage of a-Si:H pin solar cells fabricated by rf glow discharge growth. We keep the p and n layers the same and only vary the i layer properties. A normal a-Si:H i layer, an H-diluted i layer, and a thin II-diluted layer inserted between p and normal i layer are selected for this study. We measure the JV characteristics and the internal electric field distribution using a transient-null-current technique both in annealed and light soaked states. We find that hydrogen dilution does stabilize the Voc either in a bulk Ii-diluted i layer or in a thin layer between p and normal i layer after 100 hours AMI sun light soaking. From dark TV measurement, both Ii-diluted cells show little change in current at voltage near Voc before and after light soaking; while the normal a-Si:H cell does show a noticeable change. Also the internal field measurements find a stronger electric field starting from p and i interface for both H-diluted cells compared to the normal a-Si:H cell. Furthermore, there are no measurable changes in the field profiles after 100 hour AM1 light-soaking for both H-diluted and normal a-Si cells. All these suggest that hydrogen dilution increases the field strength near p and i interface, which is the key that leads to a more stable Voc of H-diluted cells. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-371-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 467 BP 753 EP 758 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK19Q UT WOS:000071462000112 ER PT S AU Sopori, BL Madjdpour, J Von Roedern, B Chen, W Hegedus, SS AF Sopori, BL Madjdpour, J Von Roedern, B Chen, W Hegedus, SS BE Wagner, S Hack, M Schiff, EA Schropp, R Shimizu, I TI Optical losses in amorphous silicon solar cells due to back reflectors SO AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON TECHNOLOGY - 1997 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Canon Corp, dpiX, A Xerox Co, Elect Power Res Inst, Fuji Elect Corp Res, Mitsui Toatsu Chem, MV Syst Inc, NAPS France, UNI SOLAR, Sanyo Elect Co, Sharp Ccorp, Solarex Crp, Voltaix Inc AB Nearly all solar cell designs attempt to incorporate light-trapping to increase the optical absorption of the solar spectrum in the cell. Light-trapping is essential for achieving high efficiencies because it allows the use of "thin" cells (i.e., cell thickness less than the absorption depth of the semiconductor) by lowering the volume recombination, concomitantly increasing the cell open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the fill factor (FF). Minimizing the cell thickness is of particular interest for amorphous silicon (a-Si) cells because thinner cells also exhibit less degradation due to the Staebler-Wronski effect. Effective light-trapping necessitates incorporating two features in the cell structure: (i) surface texturing, which may be viewed as a means of scattering the incoming light at oblique angles within the cell, thereby increasing the optical path within the cell, and (ii) optical reflection at the back interface. In some cases, a planar back interface can be an effective reflector if the scattered light is incident on the back side at angles larger than the critical angle for total internal reflection. Because all the light that bounces within the cell is unlikely to be totally reflected, it is preferable to use a metallic reflector. It is generally believed that a metallic back surface will always be able to enhance the light-trapping and, therefore, improve the photocurrent of the cells. These predictions are based on the hypothetical "perfect reflectors" with a reflection coefficient of unity. In practice, the enhancement in the photocurrent due to back reflectors has been much weaker than predicted. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sopori, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-371-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 467 BP 777 EP 782 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BK19Q UT WOS:000071462000116 ER PT J AU Reilly, PTA Gieray, RA Yang, M Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Reilly, PTA Gieray, RA Yang, M Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Tandem mass spectrometry of individual airborne microparticles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; INVERSE FOURIER-TRANSFORM; DAILY MORTALITY; AIR-POLLUTION; IONIZATION; PARTICLES; PHOSPHATE; AEROSOLS AB An apparatus for real-time MS/MS analysis of individual airborne microparticles by laser ablation in an ion trap is described. The performance has been demonstrated by the detection of tributyl phosphate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate on silicon carbide and kaolin microparticles. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 1 BP 36 EP 39 DI 10.1021/ac960564e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WA793 UT WOS:A1997WA79300012 ER PT J AU Brenan, CJH Hunter, IW Brenan, JM AF Brenan, CJH Hunter, IW Brenan, JM TI Noninvasive confocal Raman imaging of immiscible liquids in a porous medium SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER-CONTENT; SPECTROMETER; ULTRAVIOLET; SORPTION; SURFACE; DESIGN AB The physical properties of a porous medium impregnated by a liquid or vapor are dictated in part by the spatial distribution of these phases within the solid host matrix and by physicochemical interactions at the solid-liquid-vapor boundaries. We report on a novel 3-D imaging technique based on the high spatial resolution and chemical specificity of the confocal Raman microscope, which allows for the first time the in situ study and visualization of these processes. Images showing the topology of immiscible liquids (trichloroethylene-water) in a natural porous sandstone demonstrate the potential of the technique and reveal a rich variety of interfacial phenomena. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Brenan, CJH (reprint author), MIT,DEPT MECH ENGN,ROOM 3-147,77 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1021/ac960654j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WA793 UT WOS:A1997WA79300014 ER PT J AU Wise, MB Guerin, MR AF Wise, MB Guerin, MR TI Direct sampling MS for environmental screening SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AMBIENT AIR; ONLINE RP Wise, MB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CHEM & ANALYT SCI DIV,ORGAN CHEM SECT,INSTRUMENTAT GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 1 BP A26 EP A32 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WA793 UT WOS:A1997WA79300003 ER PT B AU Alcaraz, A Hulsey, SS Whipple, RE Andresen, BD AF Alcaraz, A Hulsey, SS Whipple, RE Andresen, BD BE Heyl, M Ncguire, R TI On-site sample work-up procedures to isolate chemical warfare related compounds using solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction technology SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO, Sci Comm RP Alcaraz, A (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,FORENS SCI CTR,POB 808,L-371,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4648-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 13 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJ53R UT WOS:A1997BJ53R00006 ER PT B AU McGuire, RR Martin, WH AF McGuire, RR Martin, WH BE Heyl, M Ncguire, R TI A data analysis routine to protect confidential information during GC-MS analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO, Sci Comm RP McGuire, RR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ACTVP,ARMS CONTROL & TREATY VERIFICAT PROGRAM,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4648-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 13 BP 229 EP 240 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJ53R UT WOS:A1997BJ53R00020 ER PT B AU Hartwell, JK Caffrey, AJ AF Hartwell, JK Caffrey, AJ BE Heyl, M Ncguire, R TI Non-destructive evaluation techniques for chemical weapons destruction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Analytical Chemistry Associated with the Destruction of Chemical Weapons CY MAY 12-15, 1996 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO, Sci Comm RP Hartwell, JK (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4648-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1997 VL 13 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJ53R UT WOS:A1997BJ53R00026 ER PT J AU Tomkins, BA Griest, WH Hearle, DR AF Tomkins, BA Griest, WH Hearle, DR TI Determination of small dialkyl organophosphonates at microgram/L concentrations in contaminated groundwaters using multiple extraction membrane disks SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE di-isopropyl methylphosphonate; dimethyl methylphosphonate; groundwater; extraction disks; gas chromatography ID SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION; ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MICROSENSOR COATINGS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIVES; SIMULANTS; VAPORS AB Di-isopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which are manufacturing by-products of, and surrogate compounds for, the nerve agents Sarin (GB) and VX, respectively, are readily quantitated at microgram per liter concentrations in contaminated groundwaters. Aqueous samples (typically 1 L) are first fortified with triethylphosphate (TEP) as a surrogate, then passed through a ''sandwiched'' set of three preconditioned extraction disks consisting of the following (in filtration order): (a) glass fiber filter, to remove unwanted particulate matter; Cb) C-18-based extraction disk, to collect DIMP; and (c) carbon-based extraction disk, to collect DMMP. The glass fiber filter is discarded; the two extraction disks are dried and extracted with a small volume of methanol. After the extract is fortified with diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) internal standard it is analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). Quantitation of DMMP, DIMP, and TEP is performed using the method of internal standards. The procedure was used to obtain statistically-unbiased reporting limits for a ''regulatory'' criterion of 0.39 mu g/L and a ''pump and treat'' criterion of 2 mu g/L for both analytes. Two standardized protocols were used to validate a detection limit of 0.20 mu g/L for DMMP and 0.48 mu g/L for DIMP when the regulatory criterion was used as the ''target concentration'' When the ''pump and treat'' criterion was used as the ''target concentration'' the detection limits for both DMMP and DIMP were both 2 mu g/L using the same protocols as for the ''regulatory'' criterion. The method recovery is approximately 40-50%, based on synthetic groundwaters containing between 0.2-50 mu g/L of each analyte. DIMP and DMMP are cleanly resolved fl om each other, the internal standard, the surrogate, and the potential interference trimethylphosphate (TMP). C1 PARKDALE HIGH SCH,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Tomkins, BA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,ORGAN CHEM SECT,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Tomkins, Bruce/0000-0001-8520-1415 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1697 EP 1717 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XK866 UT WOS:A1997XK86600009 ER PT J AU Ragan, GE Mihalczo, JT Robinson, RC AF Ragan, GE Mihalczo, JT Robinson, RC TI Prompt neutron decay constants at delayed criticality for the Oak Ridge research reactor with 20 and 93 wt% U-235 enriched fuel SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES ALGORITHM AB Measurements of the prompt neutron decay constant at delayed criticality with water-reflected, unirradiated low- and high-enrichment fuel loadings and a beryllium-reflected low-enrichment fuel loading were performed for the Oak Ridge Research Reactor. The prompt neutron decay constants were obtained from nonlinear least-squares filling of the frequency-dependent cross-power spectral densities measured between two detectors placed adjacent to the core. The fitting function was derived from the point neutron kinetics equations, ignoring delayed neutrons. The measurements with this water-moderated pool-type reactor determined that the prompt neutron decay constant (for the water-reflected cores) is about 15% higher for the low-enrichment fuel loading (194.9 +/- 0.9 s(-1)) than for the high-enrichment fuel loading (169.1 +/- 1.1 s(-1)). Measurements also showed that the prompt neutron decay constant is about 28% less for the Be-reflected low-enrichment fuel loading than for the water-reflected low-enrichment fuel loading. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV INSTRUMENTAT & CONTROLS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/0306-4549(95)00129-8 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA VJ663 UT WOS:A1997VJ66300002 ER PT J AU Valentine, TE Mihalczo, JT AF Valentine, TE Mihalczo, JT TI Validation of the Monte Carlo code MCNP-DSP SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID NOISE-ANALYSIS METHOD; SUBCRITICALITY MEASUREMENTS; CF-252-SOURCE-DRIVEN AB Several calculations were performed to validate MCNP-DSP, which is a Monte Carlo code that calculates all the time and frequency analysis parameters associated with the Cf-252-source-driven time and frequency analysis method. The frequency analysis parameters are obtained in two ways: directly by Fourier transforming the detector responses and indirectly by taking the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions, The direct and indirect Fourier processing methods were shown to produce the same frequency spectra and convergence, thus verifying the way to obtain the frequency analysis parameters from the time sequences of detector pulses MCNP-DSP was verified by calculations of configurations of sources and detectors with accurately known theoretical answers. The calculated value of the ratio of spectral densities, R(omega), was shown to be independent of detection efficiency and in some cases source intensity as theoretically predicted. The neutron and gamma ray time distributions after Cf-252 fission from MCNP-DSP for simple configurations of source and detectors in air and with a small sample of beryllium between the source and detector were compared with measurements. In addition, calculations were performed for measurements using the Cf-252-source-driven noise analysis technique. MCNP-DSP adequately calculated the measured low-frequency values of R(omega) from the detector responses due to neutrons and gamma rays for the unmoderated, unreflected uranium metal cylinders using the ENDF/B-IV cross-sections. These calculations also showed that the frequency dependence of the spectra obtained from the netron detector and from the gamma-ray detector responses, in this case, is the same. The ability to calculate the measured low-frequency value of R(omega) for two tightly coupled uranium metal cylinders separated by a berated plaster disk, using detectors sensitive only to gamma rays, further demonstrated that the code could accurately calculate the detector response due to gamma rays. The results of the calculations were shown to be strongly dependent on the cross-section data sets used in the analysis. The calculated frequency analysis parameters changed significantly when using different cross-section data sets, although the neutron multiplication factor k changed slightly. This demonstrated theknown increased sensitivity in calculating the noise-measured parameters rather than calculating k when validating computational methods and cross-section data. This more general neutron and gamma-ray treatment provides the most comprehensive calculation of the measured parameters from a Cf-252-source-driven time and frequency analysis measurement and is useful for planning experiments, analyzing the results of measurements, and verifying Monte Carlo neutron gamma-ray transport methods. MCNP-DSP can be used in the planning and analysis of measurements by the source-driven time and frequency analysis method for nuclear weapons and/or component identification, subcriticality measurements, nuclear material control and accountability, process monitoring and control, and quality assurance of fissile components, such as reactor fuel elements. In addition, it can be used to obtain the calculational bias in the calculation of the neutron multiplication factor from subcritical experiments, a quantity that is essential to the criticality safety specialist for criticality safety assessments. This general Monte Carlo model eliminates the need for the limited point kinetics models for interpreting subcriticality measurements by this method. RP Valentine, TE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0306-4549(96)00013-8 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA VK695 UT WOS:A1997VK69500001 ER PT J AU Hirst, E Baxter, L Hadley, S AF Hirst, E Baxter, L Hadley, S TI Transition-cost issues for US electricity utilities SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE electricity; regulation; competition; finances; economics AB The US electric-utility industry is in the midst of major changes. These changes include deintegration of the industry and substantial increases in competition. A major consequence of these changes is the exposure of transition costs. These costs, which amount to $100-$200 billion nationwide, reflect the differences between regulated prices for electricity generation and the prices that might occur in fully competitive power markets. The large financial stakes, equivalent to nearly the total value of US electric-utility common stock, guarantee controversy. Debates occur over transition-cost amounts; analytical and market methods to estimate these costs; the assets and liabilities to include in such calculations; the assumptions used in developing these estimates; approaches that can be used to offset some of these costs; the allocation of the remaining costs among utility shareholders, different classes of retail customers, independent power producers and other wholesale suppliers, and taxpayers; and appropriate cost-recovery mechanisms. RP Hirst, E (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hadley, Stanton/O-1465-2015 OI Hadley, Stanton/0000-0002-6514-8802 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 1997 VL 22 BP 119 EP 154 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.22.1.119 PG 36 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YK276 UT WOS:A1997YK27600006 ER PT J AU Martinot, E Sinton, JE Haddad, BM AF Martinot, E Sinton, JE Haddad, BM TI International technology transfer for climate change mitigation and the cases of Russia and China SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE technology diffusion; energy efficiency; renewable energy; capacity building; foreign direct investment ID JOINT VENTURES; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FOREIGN-INVESTMENT; ALTERNATIVE POWER; EASTERN-EUROPE; UNITED-STATES; STRATEGIES; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFUSION AB The environmental agenda for mitigating climate change through international transfers of technology is linked with a diverse literature, reviewed here within a framework that combines technological, agent/agenda, and market/transaction perspectives. Literature that bears on international technology transfer for climate change mitigation is similar in many ways for Russia and China: opportunities for energy efficiency and renewable energy, economic reform and restructuring, the difficulties enterprises face in responding to market conditions, international assistance policies, international joint ventures, market intermediation, and capacity building for market development. In both countries, capacity building means enhancing market-oriented capabilities in addition to technological capabilities. For Russia, institutional development is critical, such as new commercial legal codes and housing-sector changes beyond privatization. For China, technology policies and modernization programs significantly influence technology transfers. C1 STOCKHOLM ENVIRONM INST BOSTON,BOSTON,MA 02116. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,INT ENERGY STUDIES GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Martinot, E (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ENERGY & RESOURCES GRP,310 BARROWS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 229 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 1997 VL 22 BP 357 EP 401 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.22.1.357 PG 45 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YK276 UT WOS:A1997YK27600012 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Wu, F Lagally, MG AF Zhang, ZY Wu, F Lagally, MG TI An atomistic view of Si(001) homoepitaxy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE growth kinetics; atomistic processes; STM; theory ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SI(100) SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPE; VICINAL SI(001); SI DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION-BARRIERS; ISLAND MORPHOLOGY AB Growth of thin firms from atoms deposited from the gas phase is intrinsically a non-equilibrium phenomenon dictated by a competition between kinetics and thermodynamics. Precise control of the growth becomes possible only after achieving an understanding of this competition. In this review, we present an atomistic view of the various kinetic aspects in a model system, the epitaxy of Si on Si(001), as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy and total-energy calculations. Fundamentally important issues investigated include adsorption dynamics and energetics, adatom diffusion, nucleation, sticking, and detachment. We also briefly discuss the inverse process of growth, removal by sputtering or etching. We aim our discussions to an understanding at a quantitative level whenever possible. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 122 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 1997 VL 27 BP 525 EP 553 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.525 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XP626 UT WOS:A1997XP62600018 ER PT J AU Birkmire, RW Eser, E AF Birkmire, RW Eser, E TI Polycrystalline thin film solar cells: Present status and future potential SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE solar cell; photovoltaic device; energy conversion; copper indium diselenide; cadmium telluride; module; manufacturing ID CUINSE2 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; SYSTEM AB Polycrystalline thin film solar cells on copper indium diselenide (CulnSe(2)) and its alloys and cadmium telluride (CdTe) appear to be the most promising candidates for large-scale application of photovoltaic energy conversion because they have shown laboratory-efficiences in excess of 15%. Heterojunction devices with n-type cadmium sulfide (CdS) films show very low minority carrier recombination at the absorber grain boundaries and at the metallurgical interface, which results in high quantum efficiences. Open circuit voltages of these devices are relatively low owing to the recombination in the space charge region in the absorber. Further improvements in efficiency can be achieved by reducing the recombination current, especially in devices based on CulnSe(2) and its alloys. Low-cost manufacturing of modules requires better resolution of a number of other technical issues. For modules based on CulnSe(2) and its alloys, the role of Na and higher deposition rates on device performance need to be better understood. In addition, replacing the chemical bath deposition method for CdS him deposition with an equally effective, but more environmentally acceptable process is needed. For modules based on CdTe, more fundamental understanding of the effect of chloride/oxygen treatment and the development of more reproducible and manufacturable CdTe contacting schemes are necessary. RP Birkmire, RW (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,INST ENERGY CONVERS,US DOE,UNIV CTR EXCELLENCE PHOTOVOLT RES & EDUC,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 49 TC 239 Z9 243 U1 10 U2 82 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6600 J9 ANNU REV MATER SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. PY 1997 VL 27 BP 625 EP 653 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.625 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XP626 UT WOS:A1997XP62600021 ER PT J AU White, B AF White, B TI The World Wide Web and high-energy physics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE WWW; Web; Internet; hypertext; network information systems AB High-energy physics and the World Wide Web (WWW) share a rich history. The Web, developed at CERN as a collaboration tool and quickly adopted by the Internet community, has become a communications phenomenon. This article reviews early WWW development and its basic technology. I also summarize some significant applications of Web technology, past and present, and discuss prospects for future use. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP White, B (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.1 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200003 ER PT J AU Himel, T AF Himel, T TI FEEDBACK: Theory and accelerator applications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE adaptive; control; regulation AB The use of feedback to stabilize the beam and improve the performance of accelerators is becoming more common. The methods used to design the feedback algorithms are introduced and some practical implementation details are described. The design of a PID loop using classical control techniques is covered as is the design of an optimal controller using modem control theory. Some adaptive control techniques are also briefly described. Examples are given of multiple-input-multiple-output loops and of how to handle systems of many interacting feedback loops. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Himel, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 157 EP 192 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.157 PG 36 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200007 ER PT J AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, MS TI High-intensity electron storage rings SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE electron-positron factories; synchrotron light sources; high-luminosity colliders; CP violation ID BEAM AB In recent years a new generation of electron-positron colliders that will have 10-100 times the luminosity of today's machines has started construction. In a similar time frame, a new generation of high-brightness synchrotron light sources has become operational. The scientific goals for these "particle factories" and light sources are explained briefly, and the machine parameters required to achieve them are indicated. Both the accelerator physics and technology issues that result from the required parameters are discussed to show the challenges involved in such significant extensions of accelerator performance, Examples taken from representative projects are used to illustrate the types of solutions adopted to meet these challenges. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zisman, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MSZISMAN@LBL.GOV NR 143 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 315 EP 357 PG 43 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200011 ER PT J AU Koonin, SE Dean, DJ Langanke, K AF Koonin, SE Dean, DJ Langanke, K TI Results from shell-model Monte Carlo studies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE nuclei; shell model; Monte Carlo ID GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH; WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; INTERMEDIATE-MASS NUCLEI; CAPTURE RATES; REGION; FE-54; GE-76; SYSTEMATICS; DEFORMATION AB We review results obtained using Shell-Model Monte Carlo (SMMC) techniques. These methods reduce the imaginary-time many-body evolution operator to a coherent superposition of one-body evolutions in fluctuating one-body fields; the resultant path integral is evaluated stochastically. After a brief review of the methods, we discuss a variety of nuclear-physics applications. These include studies of the ground-state properties of pf-shell nuclei, Gamow-Teller strength distributions, thermal and rotational pairing properties of nuclei near N = Z, gamma-soft nuclei, and beta beta-decay in (76)Ge. Several other illustrative calculations are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects for further progress in SMMC and related calculations. C1 CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Koonin, SE (reprint author), CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, 106-38, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 86 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 463 EP 504 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.463 PG 42 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200015 ER PT J AU Ko, CM Koch, V Li, GQ AF Ko, CM Koch, V Li, GQ TI Properties of hadrons in the nuclear medium SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE chiral symmetry; Goldstone bosons; vector mesons; baryons; hot and dense hadronic matter; heavy-ion collisions ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QCD SUM-RULES; SUBTHRESHOLD KAON PRODUCTION; SUPER PROTON SYNCHROTRON; CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSITION; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; VECTOR-MESON MASSES; J-PSI-SUPPRESSION; DELTA-HOLE MODEL; S-AU COLLISIONS AB This review is devoted to discussion of hadron properties in the nuclear medium and their relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry. Special attention is given to the difference between in-medium effects caused by conventional many-body interactions and those caused by change of the chiral condensate. In particular, we discuss medium effects on the Goldstone bosons (pion, kaon, and eta), the vector mesons (rho, omega, and phi), and the nucleon. Also, for each proposed in-medium effect the experimental consequences and results are reviewed. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Ko, CM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ko@comp.tamu.edu; vkoch@lbl.gov; gqli@nuclear.physics.sunysb.edu NR 194 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 505 EP 539 PG 35 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200016 ER PT J AU Woods, PJ Davids, CN AF Woods, PJ Davids, CN TI Nuclei beyond the proton drip-line SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE proton radioactivity; exotic nuclei ID ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; RP-PROCESS; ALPHA-RADIOACTIVITY; 2-PROTON EMISSION; REACTION-RATES; DECAY; ISOTOPES; STATE; IDENTIFICATION; SN-100 AB The proton drip-line defines the limit at which nuclei become unbound to the emission of a proton from their ground states. Low-Z nuclei lying beyond this limit only exist as short-lived resonances and cannot be detected directly. The location of the drip-line constrains the path of nucleosynthesis in explosive astrophysical scenarios such as novae and X-ray bursters, and consequently controls the rate of energy generation. In higher-Z regions of the drip-line, the potential energy barrier resulting from the mutual electrostatic interaction between the unbound proton and the core can cause nuclei to survive long enough to be detected. This review describes the recent major advances in the study of these exotic nuclei. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the phenomenon of proton radioactivity and the unique insights it offers into the structure of nuclei lying beyond one of nature's fundamental limits to stability. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woods, PJ (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Kings Bldg,Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 124 TC 221 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 541 EP 590 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.541 PG 52 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200017 ER PT J AU Reisdorf, W Ritter, HG AF Reisdorf, W Ritter, HG TI Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM ANALYSIS; AZIMUTHAL CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; QUANTUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; CENTRAL AU+AU COLLISIONS; AU-AU COLLISIONS; FRAGMENT FLOW; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; LIGHT FRAGMENTS AB We provide an overview of collective flow phenomena observed in heavy ion collisions from the Fermi energy range up to CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies. We summarize the experimental data in terms of the various observed aspects of flow, namely directed flow in the reaction plane, elliptic flow in-and out-of-plane, and azimuthally symmetric radial flow originating from the expansion of the hot and compressed reaction zone. Also reviewed are the theoretical concepts developed to simulate the complex reactions with the aim of extracting fundamental properties of hot and compressed nuclear matter. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reisdorf, W (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. EM hgritter@lbl.gov NR 258 TC 257 Z9 261 U1 0 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 1997 VL 47 BP 663 EP 709 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.47.1.663 PG 47 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZH614 UT WOS:000073129200019 ER PT J AU Harris, CB Ge, NH Lingle, RL McNeill, JD Wong, CM AF Harris, CB Ge, NH Lingle, RL McNeill, JD Wong, CM TI Femtosecond dynamics of electrons on surfaces and at interfaces SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE carrier dynamics; metal-dielectric interfaces; two-photon photoemission; interfacial quantum wells; localization; small polarons ID IMAGE-POTENTIAL STATES; QUANTUM-WELL STATES; 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; RYDBERG STATES; BAND-STRUCTURE; ENERGY; DESORPTION; CRYSTALS; AG(111) AB Two-photon photoemission is a promising new technique that has been developed for the study of electron dynamics at interfaces. A femtosecond laser is used to both create an excited electronic distribution at the surface and eject the distribution for subsequent energy analysis. Time-and momentum-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra as a function of layer thickness fully determine the conduction band dynamics at the interface. Earlier clean surface studies showed how excited electron lifetimes are affected by the crystal band structure and vacuum image potential. Recent studies of various insulator/metal interfaces show that the dynamics of excess electrons are largely determined by the electron affinity of the adsorbate. In general, electron dynamics at the interface are influenced by the substrate and adlayer band structures, dielectric screening, and polaron formation in the two-dimensional overlayer lattice. C1 EO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, DIV CHEM SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. AT&T BELL LABS, LUCENT TECHNOL, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT CHEM, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI McNeill, Jason/E-5389-2011 NR 99 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 3 U2 36 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1997 VL 48 BP 711 EP 744 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.48.1.711 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YB989 UT WOS:A1997YB98900023 PM 15012454 ER PT B AU Campbell, IH Heller, CM Davids, PS Smith, DL Barashkov, NN Ferraris, JP AF Campbell, IH Heller, CM Davids, PS Smith, DL Barashkov, NN Ferraris, JP GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Metal/organic Schottky energy barriers, built-in potentials and charge injection in organic LEDs SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1344 EP 1345 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00239 ER PT B AU Partee, J Shinar, J AF Partee, J Shinar, J GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Dynamics of polarons and excitons in pi-conjugated polymers SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers AB X-band photoluminescence (PL)-detected magnetic resonance (PLDMR) studies of polarons and triplet excitons in poly(p-phenylene vinylenes), poly(p-phenylene ethynylenes), poly (3-alkyl thiophenes), and poly(p-phenylene)-type ladder polymers are reviewed. The PL-enhancing polaron resonance, due to interchain or intrachain-interconjugation-segment pairs with lifetimes of 10-3300 mu s, is attributed to the role of polarons in quenching singlet excitons nonradiatively. The triplets, of lifetimes similar to 30 mu s in PPEs, are apparently localized on the phenylene or thiophene rings and stabilized by coupling of these rings to units of adjacent chains. These nonradiative singlet decay channels are suspected to impact the PL yield significantly. RP Partee, J (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1346 EP 1350 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00240 ER PT B AU Mattes, BR Wang, HL Yang, DL AF Mattes, BR Wang, HL Yang, DL GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Electrically conductive polyaniline fibers prepared by dry-wet spinning techniques SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers AB Polyaniline suffers from poor solubility in processing solvents and very rapid gelation times. These features prevent the preparation of the highly concentrated emeraldine base (EB) solutions which are required for continuous fiber spinning. These problems are overcome by adding 2-methyl aziridine (2MA) to the polymer/solvent mixture which serves to inhibit gelation at >20% (w/w) polymer total solids concentrations. The preferred molar ratio of 2MA to EB repeat unit is in the range of 2 to 4. Gel-inhibitory agents such as 2MA dramatically increase gelation times while simultaneously promoting polymer solubility and reducing dope viscosity. Spinning EB fiber from these concentrated solutions was achieved with an industrial scale spin line that had been modified to control and monitor changes in temperature, pressure, extrusion rate, and fiber uptake velocity. RP Mattes, BR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1463 EP 1467 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00266 ER PT B AU Ulibarri, TA Derzon, DK Wang, LC AF Ulibarri, TA Derzon, DK Wang, LC GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Structure-property relationships in silica-siloxane nanocomposite materials SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers AB The simultaneous formation of a filler phase and a polymer matrix via in situ sol-gel techniques provides silica-siloxane nanocomposite materials of high strength. This study concentrates on investigating the effects of temperature and relative humidity (R-H) On a trimodal polymer system in an attempt to accelerate the reaction process as well as evaluate subtle process-structure-property relationships. It was found that successful process acceleration is only viable for high humidity systems when using the tin(IV) catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). Processes involving low humidity were found to be very temperature and time dependent. Bimodal systems were investigated and demonstrated that the presence of a short-chain component led to enhanced material strength. This part of the study also revealed a link between the particle size and population density and the optimization of material properties. RP Ulibarri, TA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 1925 EP 1930 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00352 ER PT B AU Curro, JG AF Curro, JG GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Molecular modeling of amorphous polymers in the condensed phase SO ANTEC'97 - PLASTICS SAVING PLANET EARTH, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 - 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers - Plastics Saving Planet Earth (ANTEC 97) CY APR 27-MAY 02, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Plast Engineers AB We have developed a tractable computational approach, PRISM theory, for modeling the structure and thermodynamics of polymer liquids and alloys. PRISM theory allows one to predict the effect of polymer architecture and monomer structure on the intermolecular packing in the condensed phase, Three applications of this method will be discussed: (1) phase behavior of polymer blends, (2) solubility of gases in polymers, and (3) the structure of polymers near walls and interfaces. In these three applications, nonrandom mixing effects (not included in previous theories) play an important role in the macroscopic properties of importance to the materials scientist. RP Curro, JG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 BN 1-56676-553-6 PY 1997 BP 2238 EP 2240 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BH95X UT WOS:A1997BH95X00410 ER PT S AU LopezUrrutia, JRC Beiersdorfer, P Savin, DW Widmann, K AF LopezUrrutia, JRC Beiersdorfer, P Savin, DW Widmann, K BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Hyperfine transitions in ground state hydrogen-like Ho-165(66+) and Re-185,187(74+) SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Spontaneous line emission due to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of highly charged hydrogen-like ions excited by electron collisions was measured using an Electron Beam Ion Trap. The F=4 to F=3 transition of the 1s S-2(1/2) configuration of Ho-165(66+) was identified at (5726.4 +/- 1.5) Angstrom. The F=3 to F=2 transition for the two isotopes Re-185,187(74+) were found at (4512 +/- 2) Angstrom and (4557 +/- 2) Angstrom. We infer the nuclear dipole magnetic moment of Ho-165 to be 4.1267(11) n.m., with five times higher accuracy than previous measurements. For Re-185,Re-187 we determine 3.153(2) n.m, and 3.184(2) n.m., respectively, in disagreement with a tabulated NMR measurement. RP LopezUrrutia, JRC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ELECTRON BEAM ION TRAP,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012; Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610; Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 87 EP 88 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00021 ER PT S AU Kerr, PL Green, PV Kemper, KW Mendez, AJ Myers, EG Reber, EL Schmidt, BG AF Kerr, PL Green, PV Kemper, KW Mendez, AJ Myers, EG Reber, EL Schmidt, BG BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Interactions obtained from precision polarized Li-6 scattering experiments SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Detailed analyzing power angular distribution measurements allow the contributions from the different interaction terms responsible for producing them to be isolated. The high quality data needed for these studies can now be taken because of the development of an intense laser pumped alkali ion source with close to maximum polarization and greatly improved reliability. RP Kerr, PL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS J561,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 289 EP 291 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00072 ER PT S AU Batchelder, JC Zganjar, EF Toth, KS Bingham, CR Wauters, J Davids, CN Seweryniak, DS Irvine, RJ Walters, WB Conticchio, LF Brown, LT AF Batchelder, JC Zganjar, EF Toth, KS Bingham, CR Wauters, J Davids, CN Seweryniak, DS Irvine, RJ Walters, WB Conticchio, LF Brown, LT BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Behavior of intruder based states in light Bi and Tl isotopes: The study of Bi-187 alpha decay SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Intruder state excitation energies in odd-mass nuclei just outside a closed proton shell plotted versus neutron number generally exhibit parabola-shaped curves with minima near neutron mid-shells. The Bi isotopes, however, do not seem to follow this trend. Recent experiments performed at Argonne National Laboratory have identified the previously unobserved Bi-187 ground state (h(9/2)) to Tl-183 ground state s(1/2) a transition. Its energy when combined with those of two earlier known transitions, namely Bi-187 (h(9/2)) --> Tl-183m (h(9/2)) and Bi-187m (s(1/2)) --> Tl-183(s(1/2)), establishes the excitation energies of the Tl-183m and Bi-187m to be 620(20) keV and 110(20) keV, respectively. This value for Bi-187m is 80 keV lower than the excitation energy of the same intruder level in Bi-189. Implications of this result with respect to intruder-state systematics are discussed. RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV LSU,JIHR ORNL BLDG 6008,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37916, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00088 ER PT S AU Russell, GJ Ferguson, PD Pitcher, EJ Court, JD AF Russell, GJ Ferguson, PD Pitcher, EJ Court, JD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Split-target neutronics and the MLNSC spallation target system SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The Manuel Lujan, Jr., Neutron Scattering Center (MLNSC) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is one of four operating Short-Pulse Spallation Sources worldwide. The MLNSC target system (composed of targets, moderators, and reflectors) was first installed in 1985. The target system employs a split tungsten spallation target with a void space in between (the flux-trap gap); this target system will be upgraded in 1998. The ability to efficiently split a spallation target allowed us to introduce the concept of flux-trap moderators and ultimately the notion of backscattering and upstream moderators. The upgraded MLNSC target system will employ both flux-trap and upstream/backscattering moderators to simultaneously service 16 neutron flight paths with high-intensity neutron beams for materials science research. RP Russell, GJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MANUEL LUJAN JR NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 361 EP 364 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00090 ER PT S AU Welton, RF Alton, GD Cui, B Murray, SN AF Welton, RF Alton, GD Cui, B Murray, SN BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Ionization efficiency and effusive delay time characterization of high temperature target-ion sources for RTB generation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Ion sources for radioactive ion beam (RIB) generation must efficiently ionize short-lived-radioactive nuclei released from on-line targets with minimal delay times. Delay times attributable to interactions between chemically active species and surfaces of the vapor transport system which are long compared to the half-life of the desired radioactive atom and/or low ionization efficiency of the target/ion source (TIS) will result in a severe reduction of the RIB intensity available for research. We have developed complementary off-line techniques for directly measuring both effusive delay times and ionization efficiencies for chemically active species in high temperature TISs using only the stable complements of the radioactive element of interest. Equipment, designed and developed for these measurements, include: a high-temperature Ta valve; a differentially cooled injection nozzle; and a gaseous flow measurement and control system. These techniques are employed in a systematic investigation of fluorine transport and ionization in an electron-beam-plasma target/ion source (EBPTIS) designed for initial use at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF). RP Welton, RF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 389 EP 392 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00096 ER PT S AU Stracener, DW Carter, HK Kormicki, J Breitenbach, JB Blackmon, JC Smith, MS Bardayan, DW AF Stracener, DW Carter, HK Kormicki, J Breitenbach, JB Blackmon, JC Smith, MS Bardayan, DW BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI First on-line results for As and F beams from HRIBF target/ions sources SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The first on-line tests of the ion sources to provide radioactive ion beams of As-69,As-70 and F-17,F-18 for the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) have been performed using the UNISOR facility at HRIBF. The target/ion source is an electron beam plasma (EBP) source similar to the ISOLDE design. The measured efficiencies for As-69 and As-70 were 0.5 +/- 0.2% and 0.8 +/- 0.3%, respectively. The arsenic hold-up time in the tested target/ion source was 3.6 +/- 0.3 hours as measured with As-72 at a target temperature of 1300 degrees C. The measured efficiencies for F-17 and F-18 were 0.0052 +/- 0.0008% and 0.06 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The source hold-up time for fluorine was measured with (AlF)-F-18 since 88% of the observed radioactive fluorine was found in this molecule. The (AlF)-F-18 hold-up time was 16.4 +/- 0.8 minutes at a target temperature of 1470 degrees C. C1 JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Stracener, DW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,MS 6368 BLDG 6000,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00097 ER PT S AU Gross, CJ Ginter, TN Akovali, YA Brinkman, MJ Johnson, JW Mas, J McConnell, JW Milner, WT Shapira, D James, AN AF Gross, CJ Ginter, TN Akovali, YA Brinkman, MJ Johnson, JW Mas, J McConnell, JW Milner, WT Shapira, D James, AN BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Initial results of the commissioning of the HRIBF recoil mass spectrometer SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The recoil mass spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility is currently undergoing commissioning tests. This new spectrometer is designed to transmit ions with rigidities of K = 100 resulting from fusion-evaporation reactions using inverse-kinematics. The device consists of two sections: a momentum separator to provide beam rejection and a mass separator for product identification. Using normal-kinematic and symmetric reactions, the commissioning tests have shown that the A/Q acceptance is almost +/- 5%, the energy acceptance is approximately +/- 12%, and there has been little, if any, primary beam observed on the focal plane, Commissioning tests are presently underway with reactions using inverse-kinematics. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Gross, CJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV ORNL,DIV PHYS,MAILSTOP 6371,OAK RIDGE,TN 37931, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 401 EP 404 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00099 ER PT S AU Toth, KS Batchelder, JC Zganjar, EF Bingham, CR Wauters, J Davinson, T MacKenzie, JA Woods, PJ AF Toth, KS Batchelder, JC Zganjar, EF Bingham, CR Wauters, J Davinson, T MacKenzie, JA Woods, PJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Investigating proton emitters at the limits of stability with radioactive beams from the Oak Ridge facility SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB By using beams from the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory it should be possible to identify many new ground-state proton emitters in the mass region from Sn to Pb. In these investigations nuclei produced in fusion-evaporation reactions will be separated from the incident ions and dispersed in mass/charge with a recoil mass separator and then implanted into a double-sided Si strip detector for the study of proton (and alpha-particle) radioactivity. This paper summarizes data presently extant on proton emitters and then focuses on tests and initial experiments that will be carried out with stable beam and with radioactive ions as they are developed at the Oak Ridge facility. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Toth, KS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,X03 JARDINE TERRACE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 405 EP 408 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00100 ER PT S AU Alton, GD AF Alton, GD BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Advanced target concepts for RIB generation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB In this report, we describe highly permeable composite target matrices that simultaneously incorporate the short diffusion lengths, high permeabilities, and heat removal properties necessary to effect maximum diffusion release rates of short-lived, radioactive species as required for efficient radioactive ion beam (RIB) generation in nuclear physics and astrophysics research programs. The RIB species are generated by either fusion or fission nuclear reactions between high energy H-1, H-2, He-3 or He-4 ion beams and specific nuclei which make up the target material. The target materials may be used directly as small diameter particulates coated or uncoated with Re or Ir to minimize adsorption following diffusion release and eliminate sintering of the particulates at elevated temperatures; plated onto both sides of thin disks of C, fbr example; or plated, in thin layers, onto low density, Ir or Re coated carbon- bonded-carbon-fiber (CBCF) or reticulated-carbon-fiber (RCF) to form sponge-like composite target matrices; or in other cases, where applicable, the target material of interest can be grown in crystalline fibrous form and fabricated in woven mats of the target material to form a highly permeable fibrous structure. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,BLDG 6000,POB 2008 MS-6368,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 429 EP 432 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00106 ER PT S AU Decrock, P AF Decrock, P BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Present and future radioactive nuclear beam developments at Argonne SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB A scheme for building an ISOL-based radioactive nuclear beam facility at the Argonne Physics Division, is currently evaluated. The feasibility and efficiency of the different steps in the proposed production- and acceleration cycles are being tested. At the Dynamitron Facility of the ANL Physics Division, stripping yields of Kr, Xe and Pb beams in a windowless gas cell have been measured and the study of fission of U-238 induced by fast neutrons from the Be-9(d,n) reaction is in progress. Different aspects of the post-acceleration procedure are currently being investigated. In parallel with this work, energetic radioactive beams such as F-17, F-18 and Ni-56 have recently been developed at Argonne using the present ATLAS facility. RP Decrock, P (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,BLDG 3,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00108 ER PT S AU Blackmon, JC AF Blackmon, JC BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Nuclear astrophysics at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Reactions involving radioactive nuclei play an important role in explosive stellar events such as novae, supernovae, and X-ray bursts. The development of accelerated, proton-rich radioactive ion beams provides a tool for directly studying many of the reactions that fuel explosive hydrogen burning. The experimental nuclear astrophysics program at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is centered on absolute cross section measurements of these reactions with radioactive ion beams. Beams of F-17 and F-18, important nuclei in the hot-CNO cycle, are currently under development at HRIBF. Progress in the production of intense radioactive fluorine beams is reported. The Daresbury Recoil Separator (DRS) has been installed at HRIBF as the primary experimental station for nuclear astrophysics experiments. The DRS will be used to measure reactions in inverse kinematics with the techniques of direct recoil detection, delayed-activity recoil detection, and recoil-gamma coincidence measurements. The first astrophysics experiments to be performed at HRIBF, and the application of the recoil separator in these measurements, are discussed. RP Blackmon, JC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,BLDG 6010 MS6354,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 441 EP 444 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00109 ER PT S AU Howell, RH Cowan, TE Hartley, JH Sterne, PA AF Howell, RH Cowan, TE Hartley, JH Sterne, PA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Positron beam lifetime spectroscopy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Defect analysis is needed for samples ranging in thickness from thin films to large engineering parts. We are meeting that need with two positron beam lifetime spectrometers. one on a 3 MeV electrostatic accelerator and the second on our high current linac beam. The high energy beam spectrometer performs positron lifetime analysis on thick sample specimens which can be encapsulated for containment or for in situ measurements in controlled environments. At our high current beam we are developing a low energy, microscopically focused pulsed positron beam to enable positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy for defect specific, 3-dimensional maps with sub-micron location resolution. The data from these instruments is interpreted with the aid of first principles calculations of defect specific positron lifetimes. RP Howell, RH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,MAIL STOP L-280,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 451 EP 454 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00111 ER PT S AU Ruehlicke, C Schneider, D DuBois, R Balhorn, R AF Ruehlicke, C Schneider, D DuBois, R Balhorn, R BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Fragmentation of biomolecules using slow highly charged ions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB We present first results of biomolecular fragmentation studies with slow highly charged ions (HCI). A thin layer of the tripeptide RVA was deposited on gold targets and irradiated with slow (few 100 keV) ions, e.g. Xe50+ and Xe15+, extracted from the LLNL EBIT (electron beam ion trap). The secondary ions released upon ion impact were mass analyzed via 'Time-Of-Flight Secondary-Ion-Mass-Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The results show a strong dependence of the positive and negative ion yields on the charge state of the incident ion. We also found that incident ions with high charge states cause the ejection of fragments with a wide mass range as well as the intact molecule (345 amu). The underlying mechanisms are not yet understood but electron depletion of the target due to the high incident charge is likely to cause a variety of fragmentation processes. RP Ruehlicke, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808 L421,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 519 EP 521 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00127 ER PT S AU Calaway, WF Spiegel, DR Marshall, AH Downey, SW Pellin, MJ AF Calaway, WF Spiegel, DR Marshall, AH Downey, SW Pellin, MJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Resonance ionization of sputtered atoms: Quantitative analysis in the near-surface region of silicon wafers SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The unambiguous identification and quantification of low levels of metallic impurities on Si wafers are difficult problems due to the rapidly changing chemical activity near the surface. Air-exposed Si surfaces typically possess a native oxide layer several atoms thick plus a top monolayer of various silicon-containing molecules. Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) used for postionization in secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) is uniquely suited to this task. The high sensitivity of this technique allows detection of metals at parts per billion levels with monolayer sensitivity. The high selectivity of RIS allows unambiguous identification of elements, while the reduced matrix effects of SNMS allow quantification of the photoionized element. Characterization of Si surfaces using RIS/SNMS has been explored by measuring the concentration profiles of Ca in the near-surface region of Si wafers of varying degrees of cleanliness. Calcium detection can be problematic due to the isobaric interference with SiC, particularly in the near-surface region during fabrication of devices due to the use of organic photoresist. Three different resonance ionization schemes for Ca have been examined and compared for effectiveness by calculating detection limits for Ca in Si in the chemically active near-surface region. RP Calaway, WF (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 739 EP 742 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00181 ER PT S AU Rhodes, E Dickerman, CE AF Rhodes, E Dickerman, CE BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Associated-particle sealed-tube neutron probe for nonintrusive inspection SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The development and investigation of a small associated-particle sealed-tube neutron generator (APSTNG) show potential for the associated-particle method to move out of the laboratory into field applications. This paper is a review of ANL investigations of this technology. Alpha particles associated with 14-MeV neutrons generated from the D-T reaction travel in the opposite direction and are detected inside the sealed tube. Gamma-ray spectra of resulting neutron reactions in the inspected volume encompassed by the alpha-detector solid angle identify many nuclides. Flight-times determined from detection times of the gamma rays and alpha particles separate the prompt and delayed gamma-rays and can yield a separate coarse tomographic image of each identified nuclide, from a single orientation without collimation. A continuous ion beam allows data acquisition by relatively low-bandwidth electronics. When a compact sealed-tube neutron generator is used, a relatively small and easily maintainable inspection system can be developed, that is rugged enough to be transportable. Proof-of-concept laboratory experiments have been performed for simulated explosives, drugs, special nuclear materials, and chemical warfare agents. Efficient collection of maximum information from each detected neutron with low background rates can allow a much lower source intensity than pulsed accelerator methods and yield a preference for an APSTNG system, when it can provide adequate usable source intensity. Based on lessons learned with the present system, an advanced APSTNG system is being designed and built that will be transportable and yield substantial increases in neutron output and target lifetime. RP Rhodes, E (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,REACTOR ENGN DIV,RE BLDG 208,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 833 EP 836 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00203 ER PT S AU Dietrich, F Hall, J Logan, C AF Dietrich, F Hall, J Logan, C BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Conceptual design for a neutron imaging system for thick target analysis operating in the 10-15 MeV energy range SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Fast neutron imaging offers the potential to be a powerful non-destructive inspection tool for evaluating the integrity of thick sealed targets. This is particularly true in cases where one is interested in detecting voids, cracks or other defects in low-Z materials (e.g. plastics, ceramics, salts, etc.) which are shielded by thick, high-Z parts. In this paper we present the conceptual design for a neutron imaging system for use in the 10 - 15 MeV energy range and discuss potential applications in the area of nuclear stockpile stewardship. The background of this project, currently under development at LLNL, will be outlined and computer simulations will be presented which predict system performance. Efforts to assess technical risks involved in the development of the system will be discussed and the results of a recent experiment designed to evaluate background radiation levels will also be presented. RP Dietrich, F (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,M-S L-028,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 837 EP 840 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00204 ER PT S AU Klann, RT AF Klann, RT BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A system for fast neutron radiography SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB A system has been designed and a neutron generator installed to perform fast neutron radiography. With this system, objects as small as a coin and as large as a 19 liter container have been radiographed. The neutron source is an MF Physics A-711 neutron generator which produces 3 x 10(10) neutrons/second with an average energy of 14.5 MeV. The radiography system uses x-ray scintillation screens and film in commercially available light-tight cassettes. The cassettes have been modified to include a thin sheet of plastic to produce protons from the neutron beam through elastic scattering from hydrogen and other low Z materials in the plastic. For film densities from 1.8 to 3.0, exposures range from 1.9 x 10(7) n/cm(2) to 3.8 x 10(8) n/cm(2) depending on the type of screen and film. The optimum source-to-film distance was found to be 150 cm. At this distance, the geometric unsharpness was determined to be approximately 2.2-2.3 mm (or 8.7 - 9.1% of the object size) and the smallest hole that could be resolved in a 1.25 cm thick sample had a diameter of 0.079 cm. RP Klann, RT (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN,POB 2528,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 883 EP 886 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00215 ER PT S AU Wadlinger, EA Lysenko, WP Rusnak, B Saadatmand, K AF Wadlinger, EA Lysenko, WP Rusnak, B Saadatmand, K BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Beam dynamics of a double-gap acceleration cell for ion implantation with multiple atomic species SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB As a result of our work on ion implantation we derived equations for the beam dynamics of a two-gap-resonator cavity for accelerating and bunching various ion species of varying energies with the cavity designed for one particular ion species of a given energy (the design-reference particle). A two gap structure is useful at low resonant frequencies where lumped circuit elements (inductors) can be used and the structure kept small. A single gap structure has the advantage that each gap can be independently phased to produce the desired beam dynamics behavior for various ion species and ion energies. However at low frequencies, single gap resonant structures can be large. We find that the two-gap structure, where the phase difference between gaps, for the design reference particle, is fixed at pi radians can give acceptable performance provided that the individual two gap cells in the entire accelerator are optimized for the ion species having the largest mass to charge ratio and having the maximum required output energy. Our equations show how to adjust the cavity phases and electric fields to obtain equivalent first-order accelerator performance for various ion species and energies. These equations allow for the effective evaluation of various accelerator concepts and can facilitate the tuning of a linac when changing energies and ion species. Extensive simulations have confirmed the efficacy of our equations. RP Wadlinger, EA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 941 EP 944 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00228 ER PT S AU Munson, CP Faehl, RJ Henins, I Nastasi, M Reass, W Rej, DJ Scheuer, JT Tuszewski, M Walter, KC Wood, BP AF Munson, CP Faehl, RJ Henins, I Nastasi, M Reass, W Rej, DJ Scheuer, JT Tuszewski, M Walter, KC Wood, BP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Plasma source ion implantation research and application at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Plasma Source Ion Implantation research at Los Alamos Laboratory includes direct investigation of the plasma and materials science involved in target surface modification, numerical simulations of the implantation process, and supporting hardware engineering. Target materials of Al, Cr, Cu-Zn, Mg, Ni, Si, Ti, W, and various Fe alloys have been processed using plasmas produced from Ar, NH3, N-2, CH4, and C2H2 gases. Individual targets with surface areas as large as similar to 4 m(2), or weighing up to 1200 kg, have been treated in the large LANL facility. In collaboration with General Motors and the University of Wisconsin, a process has been developed for application of hard, low friction, diamond-like-carbon layers on assemblies of automotive pistons. Numerical simulations have been performed using a 2 1/2-D particle-in-cell code, which yields time-dependent implantation energy, dose, and angle of arrival for ions at the target surface for realistic geometries. Plasma source development activities include the investigation of pulsed, inductively coupled sources capable of generating highly dissociated N+ with ion densities n(i) similar to 10(11)/cm(3), at similar to 100 W average input power. Cathodic are sources have also been used to produce filtered metallic and C plasmas for implantation and deposition either in vacuum, or in conjunction with a background gas for production of highly adherent ceramic coatings. RP Munson, CP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MAIL STOP E-526,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 973 EP 976 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00236 ER PT S AU Zolper, JC AF Zolper, JC BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Implantation doping of GaN SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Ion implantation has played an enabling role in the realization of many high performance photonic and electronic devices in mature semiconductor materials systems such as Si and GaAs. This can also be expected to be the case in III-Nitride based devices as the material quality continues to improve. This paper reviews the progress in ion implantation processing of GaN. Details are presented of the successful demonstrations of implant isolation as well as n- sind p-type implantation doping of GaN. Implant doping has required activation annealing at temperatures in excess of 1000 degrees C. The nature of the implantation induced damage and its response to annealing is addressed using Rutherford Backscattering. Finally, results are given for the first demonstration of a GaN device fabricated using ion implantation doping, a GaN junction field effect transistor (JFET). RP Zolper, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS0603 DEPT 1314,POB 5800,1515 EUBANK AVE SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1017 EP 1020 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00247 ER PT S AU Schneider, LX Reed, KW Kaye, RJ AF Schneider, LX Reed, KW Kaye, RJ BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power technology development for industrial applications SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The technology base for Repetitive High Energy Pulsed Power (RHEPP) was originally developed to support defense program applications. As RHEPP technology matures, its potential for use in commercial applications can be explored based on inherent strengths of high average power, high dose rate, cost efficient scaling with power, and potential for long life performance. The 300 kW, 2 MeV RHEPP II accelerator is now in operation as a designated DOE User Facility, exploring applications where high dose-rate (>10(8) Gy/s) may be advantageous, or very high average power is needed to meet throughput requirements. Material surface and bulk property modification, food safety, and large-scale limber disinfestation are applications presently under development. Work is also in progress to generate the reliability database required for the design of 2(nd) generation systems. RP Schneider, LX (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1085 EP 1088 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00263 ER PT S AU Grisham, LR Kamperschroer, JH OConnor, T Oldaker, M Stevenson, T VonHalle, A AF Grisham, LR Kamperschroer, JH OConnor, T Oldaker, M Stevenson, T VonHalle, A BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Experience with deuterium-tritium plasmas heated by high power neutral beams SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor has operated since November of 1993 with a deuterium-tritium fuel mixture for selected discharges. The majority of the tritium has been introduced as energetic neutral atoms of up to 120 keV injected by the neutral beam systems, with some of the twelve ion sources run on pure tritium and some on deuterium to optimize the fuel mixture in the core plasma. A maximum beam power of 39.6 megawatts has been injected, and deuterium-tritium fusion power production has reached 10.7 megawatts, achieving central fusion power densities comparable to or greater than those expected for the International Thermonuclear Reactor, and allowing the first studies of fusion-produced alpha particle behaviour in reactor grade plasmas. Energy confinement in deuterium-tritium plasmas is better than in similar deuterium plasmas for most plasma regimes. Innovative techniques to manipulate the plasma current and pressure profiles are permitting studies of enhanced confinement regimes. RP Grisham, LR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1139 EP 1142 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00275 ER PT S AU Faehl, RJ Keinigs, RK Pogue, EW AF Faehl, RJ Keinigs, RK Pogue, EW BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI New initiatives for producing high current electron accelerators SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB New classes of compact electron accelerators able to deliver multi-kiloamperes of pulsed 10-50 MeV electron beams are being studied. One class is based upon rf linac technology with dielectric-filled cavities. For materials with epsilon/epsilon(0) >> 1, the greatly increased energy storage permits high current operation. The second type is a high energy injected betatron. Circulating current limits scale as beta(2) gamma(3). RP Faehl, RJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1147 EP 1149 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00277 ER PT S AU Schoenberg, KF Moses, RW Wagner, HP AF Schoenberg, KF Moses, RW Wagner, HP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Magnetically nozzled plasma accelerators for advanced manufacturing SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The coaxial plasma accelerator is a simple, efficient, compact, and mechanically robust device that utilizes the Lorentz J x B force to accelerate plasma to high velocity. Originally developed in the 1950s for the purpose of providing energetic plasmas for fusion energy experiments, coaxial plasma accelerators are presently being investigated as an environmentally sound and economical means of materials processing and advanced manufacturing. While commercial applications of this technology are already on line, future commercial applications will likely require improving accelerator reproducibility and better controlling the accelerated plasma flow velocity or energy, and the distribution of directed energy or power on a downstream target. At the Los Alamos National Laboratory, we have investigated the interaction of magnetic nozzles, composed of well-shaped magnetic fields, with accelerated plasma and have shown that these magnetic nozzles hold great promise in enabling the control capabilities necessary for future industrial applications. Conceptually, the magnetic nozzle controls plasma flow analogous to gas-dynamic nozzles, where the nozzle shape affects flow velocity and flow streamline distributions both within and downstream of the accelerator. Ongoing research is exploring the effects of magnetic nozzles on coaxial plasma accelerator operation with a view toward optimizing these devices for large area surface treatment applications. RP Schoenberg, KF (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1155 EP 1158 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00279 ER PT S AU Perkins, LT Celata, C Lee, Y Leung, KN Picard, DS Vilaithong, R Williams, MD Wutte, D AF Perkins, LT Celata, C Lee, Y Leung, KN Picard, DS Vilaithong, R Williams, MD Wutte, D BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Development of a compact, RF-driven, pulsed ion source for neutron generation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is currently developing a compact, sealed-accelerator-tube neutron generator capable of producing a neutron flux in the range of 10(9) to 10(10) D-T neutrons per second. The ion source, a miniaturized variation of earlier radio-frequency (rf)-driven multicusp ion sources, is designed to fit within a similar to 5 cm diameter borehole. Typical operating parameters include repetition rates up to 100 pps, with pulse widths between 10 and 80 mu s (limited only by the available rf power supply) and source pressures as low as similar to 5 mTorr. In this configuration, peak extractable hydrogen current densities exceeding 1180 mA/cm(2) with H-1(+) yields over 94% having been achieved. RP Perkins, LT (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ION BEAM TECHNOL,1 CYCLOTRON RD MS 5-119,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1191 EP 1194 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00288 ER PT S AU Schlapp, M Trassl, R Hathiramani, P McCullough, RW Greenwood, JB Salzborn, E AF Schlapp, M Trassl, R Hathiramani, P McCullough, RW Greenwood, JB Salzborn, E BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI An ultra compact 10 GHz electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) for the production of multiply charged ions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB There is a growing interest in the use of beams of multiply charged ions produced in special environments like high voltage platforms, Dynamitrons, Van-de-Graaff accelerators or on-line production systems for radioactive beam facilities. A compact 10 GHz ECR ion source (200mm long, 170mm diameter) has been developed and tested. The complete magnetic structure made from permanent magnet material is comprised of four ring magnets producing an asymmetric axial magnetic field with a mirror ratio of 2.5 and a 24 piece hexapole magnet with a maximum radial field of 0.94 T inside the plasma chamber of 25mm inner diameter. The coupling of the microwave to the plasma using a resonant transition line from rectangular to circular waveguide shows efficient ECR plasma heating at microwave power levels around 10 watts. Charge state distributions for various elements with intensities up to 320 e mu A and their dependence on operation parameters will be presented as well as VUV spectra in the wavelength region down to 15 nm. RP Schlapp, M (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,9700 S CASS AVE,PHY203,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Greenwood, Jason/L-4799-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1199 EP 1202 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00290 ER PT S AU Leung, KN AF Leung, KN BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Ion sources for high purity ions SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB It has been demonstrated that the multicusp ion source can provide positive hydrogen ion beams with monatomic ion fraction higher than 90%. The use of A radio-frequency induction discharge provides clean, reliable and long-life source operation. The extractable ion current densities from this type of source can meet the injector requirements for accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) projects. RP Leung, KN (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,M-S 5-119,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1203 EP 1205 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00291 ER PT S AU Burns, EJT Bischoff, GC AF Burns, EJT Bischoff, GC BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Ion sources for sealed neutron tubes SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB In this paper, we will compare a number of gas ion sources that can be used in sealed neutron tubes. The characteristics of the most popular ion source, the axial Penning discharge will be discussed as part of the zetatron neutron generator. Other sources to be discussed include the SAMIS source and RF ion source. RP Burns, EJT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,NEUTRON TUBE DEPT,MS 0516,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1207 EP 1210 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00292 ER PT S AU Wong, KL Springer, PT Hammer, JH Iglesias, CA Osterheld, AL Foord, ME Bruns, HC Emig, JA Deeney, C AF Wong, KL Springer, PT Hammer, JH Iglesias, CA Osterheld, AL Foord, ME Bruns, HC Emig, JA Deeney, C BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI One- and two-dimensional density and temperature measurements of an argon-neon Z-pinch plasma at stagnation SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB In order to benchmark and improve current 2D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of Z-pinch plasmas, we have performed experiments which characterize the plasma conditions at stagnation. In the experiments the SATURN pulsed power facility at Sandia National Laboratory was used to create an imploding Ar-Ne plasma. An absolutely calibrated, high resolution space- and time-resolving Johann crystal spectrometer was used to infer the electron temperature T-e from the slope of the hydrogenlike Ne free-bound continuum, and the ion density ni from the Stark broadening of the Ar heliumlike Rydberg series. 2D electron temperature profiles of the plasma are obtained from a set of imaging crystals also focused on the Ne free-bound continuum. We shot two types of gas nozzles in the experiment, annular and uniform fill, which varies the amount of mass in the plasma. 2D local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE MHD models predict a radiating region denser and cooler than measured. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808 L-43 LIVERMORE,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1211 EP 1214 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00293 ER PT S AU Reginato, LL Ayers, J Johnson, R Peters, C Stevenson, R AF Reginato, LL Ayers, J Johnson, R Peters, C Stevenson, R BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Designing power supplies for 2.5 MV, 100 mADC for boron neutron capture therapy SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Renewed interest by several major university medical centers (UCSF, Stanford, U. of Washington, Loma Linda) in conducting Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) led to the investigation of generating a continuous proton beam with 2.5 MeV of energy and up to 100 mA of current. The power supply for the Heavy Ion Injector (Adam) at LBNL operated at lower currents from its completion in 1970 until it was shut down in 1993. This power supply consisted of 64 stages of shunt-fed multipliers (Dynamitron) and seemed to offer an attractive first step for BNCT experiments. The Adam power supply was reactivated in June of 1995 and extensive tests were performed to establish its maximum capability. After the tests were completed, it became clear that 100 mA was well beyond the capability of this power source and that even 10-20 mA would require extensive modifications. After some initial conceptual design studies, it was decided that the air-coupled transformer with multiple secondaries warranted some serious investigations and could offer the best chance for achieving 100 mA. RP Reginato, LL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD MS 47-112,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1305 EP 1308 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00316 ER PT S AU Powell, JR Ludewig, H Todosow, M Reich, M AF Powell, JR Ludewig, H Todosow, M Reich, M BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI New concepts for compact accelerator target for boron neutron capture therapy SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Two new target concepts, NIFTI and DISCOS, that enable a large reduction in the proton beam current needed to produce epithermal neutrons for BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) are described. In the NIFTI concept, high energy neutrons produced by (p, n) reactions of 2.5 MeV protons on Li are down scattered to treatment energies (similar to 20 keV) by relatively thin layers of PbF2 and iron. In the DISCOS concept treatment energy neutrons are produced directly in a succession of thin (similar to 1 micron) liquid Li films on rotating Be foils. These foils interact with a proton beam that operates just above threshold for the (p, n) reaction, with an applied DC field to re-accelerate the proton beam between the target foils. RP Powell, JR (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,12 S UPTON RD,POB 5000,BLDG 475C,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1309 EP 1312 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00317 ER PT S AU Kwan, JW Henestroza, E Peters, C Reginato, LL Yu, SS AF Kwan, JW Henestroza, E Peters, C Reginato, LL Yu, SS BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Designs of a DC ESQ accelerator for BNCT application SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB ESQ accelerators are capable of producing high current, DC megavolt beams, thus they are ideal for BNCT application. In our preliminary design, a 3.6 m long ESQ column with a 6 cm bore diameter will accelerate a proton beam up to 2.5 MeV. The accelerator column is surrounded by an air-core transformer stack which provides DC power to the ESQ electrodes. The assembly is enclosed inside a 6.1 m long 2.4 m diameter high pressure vessel. Computer simulation shows that the beam envelope remains small compare to the bore diameter thus allowing a wide range of operation for beam currents ranging from 25 mA to 125 mA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,FUS ENERGY RES PROGRAM,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 47-112,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1313 EP 1315 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00318 ER PT S AU Mausner, LF Alessi, JG AF Mausner, LF Alessi, JG BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The upgrade of the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP) and the BNL linac SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB An upgrade project was recently completed on the 200 MeV H linac and the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP) in order to improve radioisotope production capacity and reliability. The average beam current has increased from 60 mu A to 150 mu A. The increased average current is the result of increases in peak current from 25 mA to 37 mA, pulse repetition rate from 5 to 7.5 Hz, and pulse width from 500 to 530 mu s. To achieve this performance the 35 keV, 750 keV and 200 MeV beam transport were improved, and the RF transmission lines and RF power supplies replaced. Improvements to the linac control system, and the optics and vacuum system of the 200 MeV transport were implemented. At BLIP the target cooling system was upgraded to 35 kW and automated, the targets and target mechanical systems replaced with a more robust design, and the control system upgraded. With these enhancements BLIP is ready to address the lack of availability of accelerator produced medical and research isotopes. RP Mausner, LF (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,BLDG 801,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1317 EP 1320 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00319 ER PT S AU VanBrocklin, HF ONeil, JP AF VanBrocklin, HF ONeil, JP BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Cyclotron production of [F-18]fluoride ion and [F-18]fluorine gas and their medical applications SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB One of the newest low energy cyclotrons for the production of positron emitting isotopes has been sited at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This prototype CTI RDS-111, proton only, 11 MeV, negative ion machine is capable of producing GBq quantities of fluorine-18 for radiopharmaceutical applications. A CTI designed target changing system developed for this cyclotron can hold up to eight small targets. We have tested two small high pressure CTI silver body target designs for the production of [F-18]fluoride ion and compared them to the CTI RDS-112 style low pressure target. The high pressure target can produce up to 100% more activity for a given time and beam current with improved saturation yields. A high pressure aluminum RDS-112 gas target has been used to produce [F-18]F-2. The fluoride ion produced from this machine has been used to label fluorodeoxyglucose to trace glucose metabolism in patients and the fluorine gas has been used to label fluoro-meta-tyrosine to image therapeutic response to gene therapy in Parkinsonian monkeys. RP VanBrocklin, HF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 55-112,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1329 EP 1332 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00322 ER PT S AU Schlyer, DJ Firouzbakht, ML Garcia, I Ferrieri, RA AF Schlyer, DJ Firouzbakht, ML Garcia, I Ferrieri, RA BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Correlation of hole size in support windows with calculated yield strengths SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The operating parameters of thin metal foils supported by thick aluminum grids in use with low energy, high beam current accelerator targets and a comparison between the calculated yield strength and the experimentally determined yield strength for a series of materials and support grid hole size has been investigated. The correlation between theory and experiment is excellent for foils made of aluminum, titanium and Havar. The experimental tensile stress is modeled well by the theoretical equations describing stress on thin circular membranes stretched to the elastic limit. RP Schlyer, DJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1363 EP 1365 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00330 ER PT S AU Walker, LS Liu, JC AF Walker, LS Liu, JC BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Developing the new ANSI N43.4 accelerator safety standard SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB A committee from across the USA and Canada is currently developing an update of the old ANSI N43.1 Standard titled: ''Radiological Safety in the Design and Operation of Particle Accelerators.'' Prior to starting the update, we composed an outline of the new standard and set forth a basic list of reference documents. The committee's ANSI chatter includes a directive to encompass all industrial and research accelerators regardless of size, intensity or beam power. The committee has adopted the graded approach which is used in NCRP report No. 88 ''Radiation Alarms and Access Control Systems.'' The committee is composed of a nearly equal number of personnel from the research accelerator community, the regulatory community, and the commercial accelerator community. Accelerators from across the world have experienced an unacceptably high incidence of accidents over the past several years'. The committee intends to addressing the problem and attempting to enumerate safe guards which will reduce the incidence of such occurrences. Current estimates of the time required to write the standard are between 12 and 18 months. RP Walker, LS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,OPERAT HLTH PHYS,MS H815,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1393 EP 1396 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00336 ER PT S AU Kase, KR AF Kase, KR BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Radiation safety at accelerator facilities NCRP activities SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has issued 13 reports, dating back to 1949, giving guidance and recommendations for radiation protection at accelerator facilities. There are six current reports on the topics of neutron radiation; facility and shielding design; alarms and access control systems; and equipment design, performance, and use. Scientific Committee 46 (SC 46) is currently overseeing the development of two reports that will provide up-to-date guidance for the design of medical accelerator facilities and shielding. SC 46 has also proposed that a report be written to provide guidance for the design and shielding of industrial accelerator and large irradiator facilities. This paper describes the status and contents of these reports. RP Kase, KR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1397 EP 1400 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00337 ER PT S AU Dunn, T Neil, G Stapleton, G AF Dunn, T Neil, G Stapleton, G BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Radiation control aspects of the civil construction for a high power free electron laser (FEL) facility SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The paper discusses some of the assumptions and methods employed fbr the control of ionizing radiation in the specifications for the civil construction of a planned free electron laser facility based on a 200 MeV, 5 mA superconducting recirculation electron accelerator. Consideration is given firstly to the way in which the underlying building configuration and siting aspects were optimized on the basis of the early assumptions of beam loss and radiation goals. The various design requirements for radiation protection are then considered, and how they were folded into an aesthetically pleasing and functional building. RP Dunn, T (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1405 EP 1408 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00339 ER PT S AU Boyce, JR Prior, S Hanson, E Morgan, B AF Boyce, JR Prior, S Hanson, E Morgan, B BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI The work smart standards process at Jefferson Lab SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) has developed a see of Work Smart Standards for the Lab. The effort incorporated the Lab's performance-based contract into the Necessary and Sufficient (N&S) Standards identification process of the DOE. A rigorous protocol identified hazards in the workplace and standards that provide adequate protection of workers, public, and the environment at reasonable cost. The intensive process was a joint effort between the Lab and DOE and it required trained teams of knowledgeable experts in three fields: 1.) actual required work conditions at Jefferson Lab; 2.) laws, regulations, DOE directives and performance-based contracts; and 3.) Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S), Rad Con, and QA. The criteria for selection of the teams, the database designed and used for the process, and lessons learned are discussed. RP Boyce, JR (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,1200 JEFFERSON AVE,MS 12A1,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1409 EP 1412 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00340 ER PT S AU May, RT Schwahn, SO AF May, RT Schwahn, SO BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI A count rate based contamination control standard for electron accelerators SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Accelerators of sufficient energy and particle fluence can produce radioactivity as an unwanted byproduct. The radioactivity is typically imbedded in structural materials but may also be removable from surfaces. Many of these radionuclides decay by positron emission or electron capture; they often have long half lives and produce photons of low energy and yield making detection by standard devices difficult. The contamination control limit used throughout the United States nuclear industry and the Department of Energy is 1000 disintegrations per minute. This limit is based on the detection threshold of pancake type geiger-mueller probes for radionuclides of relatively high radiotoxicity, such as cobalt-60. Several radionuclides of concern at a high energy electron accelerator are compared in terms of radiotoxicity with radionuclides commonly found in the nuclear industry. Based on this comparison, a count-rate based contamination control limit and associated measurement strategy is proposed which provides adequate detection of contamination at accelerators without an increase in risk. RP May, RT (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,12000 JEFFERSON AVE,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. RI Schwahn, Scott/C-2530-2016 OI Schwahn, Scott/0000-0001-7105-3095 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1413 EP 1415 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00341 ER PT S AU VanDyck, O AF VanDyck, O BE Duggan, JL Morgan, IL TI Trends in prompt radiation risk management at DOE accelerator facilities SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, Natl Sci Fdn, UNT, Amer Phys Soc, Div Nucl Phys HO UNIV N TEXAS, PHYS DEPT AB Development of policy and standards for risk management of radiation from accelerator operation is reviewed. The challenge is to satisfy cost-effectively the growing demand for assurance against high-consequence accidents in our risk-averse regulatory environment. Regulatory directions will be discussed, and considerations developed by the Committee an the [DOE] Accelerator Safety Order and Guidance (CASOG), an ad hoc group formed by the Accelerator Section of the Health Physics Society, will be presented. Possible further constructive actions by the accelerator community will be explored. RP VanDyck, O (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,AOT DO MS H850,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-652-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 392 BP 1416 EP 1419 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BJ23A UT WOS:A1997BJ23A00342 ER PT B AU Kelly, JF Cannon, BD Sharpe, SW Sams, RL Blake, TA AF Kelly, JF Cannon, BD Sharpe, SW Sams, RL Blake, TA BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI Applications of wideband FM spectroscopy to environmental and industrial process monitoring SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE IR diode lasers; Q-branches; high resolution IR spectroscopy; FM-DIAL; FM-DOAS; turbulence AB Progress in understanding and developing methodologies to do low frequency, wideband FM-coding on a variety of laser sources is presented. Several practical FM-coding formats have been studied and compared for use with large, ''slow'' IR detectors. The objective of this work is to establish practical methods of doing long baseline absorbance measurements in the lower troposphere that could be degraded by large integrated effects of optical turbulence. A comparative study of producing high index modulation on laser diodes and other practical laser sources is presented, along with numerical simulations and experimental results of detected signal strength. These results are presented with the intent of illustrating useful laser sources and FM-coding schemes that could allow effective detection of trace atmospherically broadened absorbance signatures. Results of field measurements will be discussed in order to suggest further improvements for this technique. Signal-to-noise issues and effects of phase distortion will be outlined with the view of suggesting correct optimization of laser transmitter and detector/preamp subsystems for these types of FM signal recovery. Finally, efforts at developing thermo-optically stable external electro-optic modulators (EOMs) will also be discussed. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,MAIL STOP K5-25,BATTELLE BLVD,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 64 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.292717 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00007 ER PT B AU Zardecki, A McVey, BD Nelson, DH Schmitt, MJ AF Zardecki, A McVey, BD Nelson, DH Schmitt, MJ BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI Noise contaminated transmittance SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE species detection; species identification; LIDAR simulation AB We compare the efficiency of a classifier based on probabilistic neural networks and the general least squares method. Both methods must accommodate noise due to uncertainty in the measured spectrum. The evaluation of both methods is based on a simulated transmittance spectrum, in which the received signal is supplemented by an additive admixture of noise. To obtain a realistic description of the noise model, we generate several hundred laser pulses for each wavelength under consideration. These pulses have a predetermined correlation matrix for different wavelengths; furthermore, they are composed of three components accounting for the randomness of the observed spectrum. The first component is the correlated 1/f noise; the second component is due to uncorrelated 1/f noise; the third one is the uncorrelated white noise. The probabilistic neural network fails to retrieve the species concentration correctly for large noise levels; on the other hand, its predictions being confined to a fixed number of concentration bins, the network produces relatively small variances. To a large extent, the general least square method avoids the false alarms. It reproduces the average concentrations correctly; however, the concentration variances can be large. RP Zardecki, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS E541,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 146 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.279068 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00012 ER PT B AU MacKerrow, EP McVey, BD Schmitt, MJ Tiee, JJ AF MacKerrow, EP McVey, BD Schmitt, MJ Tiee, JJ BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI Algorithms for the extraction of chemical absorption signatures in lidar time series SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE DIAL; lidar; CO2 laser lidar; covariance; cross-correlation; absorption signature detection; chemical detection; remote sensing AB Chemical absorption signatures in lidar data can be difficult to identify when the signal to noise ratio is small. For lidar interrogation of unknown chemical mixtures it is advantageous to sample with many different wavelengths, covering the largest possible absorption bandwidth. A more effective DIAL measurement can be made if one knows a priori which wavelengths will be absorbed by the unknown chemical(s). An algorithm has been developed which quickly identities the absorbed laser lines by examining the temporal cross-correlation between wavelengths. Once this determination has been made the remote chemical mixture can be re-sampled with fewer wavelengths resulting in higher data rates at the sensitive wavelengths. This algorithm teas shown to be successful with actual DIAL measurements of remote chemical mixtures. A second detection algorithm will also be presented that uses the temporal autocorrelation at a single wavelength to detect the presence of a time dependent chemical absorption, e.g. from a chemical plume, in a noisy time series. The overall DIAL sensitivity using these algorithms will be compared with standard methods. RP MacKerrow, EP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 158 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.279069 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00013 ER PT B AU Quick, CR Fite, CB Foy, BR Jolin, LJ Koskelo, AC Laubscher, BE MacKerrow, EP McVey, BD Mietz, DE Nelson, DH Nemzek, RJ Petrin, RR Quagliano, JR Schafstall, P Sander, RK Tiee, JJ Whitehead, MC AF Quick, CR Fite, CB Foy, BR Jolin, LJ Koskelo, AC Laubscher, BE MacKerrow, EP McVey, BD Mietz, DE Nelson, DH Nemzek, RJ Petrin, RR Quagliano, JR Schafstall, P Sander, RK Tiee, JJ Whitehead, MC BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI Development of frequency-agile high-repetition-rate CO2 DIAL systems for long range chemical remote sensing SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CO2 DIAL; laser remote sensing; chemical detection; lidar; airborne AB Issues related to the development of direct detection, long-range CO2 DIAL systems for chemical detection and identification are presented and discussed including : data handling and display techniques for large, multi-lambda data sets, turbulence effects, slant path propagation, and speckle averaging. Data examples from various field campaigns and CO2 lidar platforms are used to illustrate the issues. RP Quick, CR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-E543,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00016 ER PT B AU Ramponi, AJ Scharlemann, ET Ruggiero, AJ Velsko, SP AF Ramponi, AJ Scharlemann, ET Ruggiero, AJ Velsko, SP BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI MWIR lidar systems and multiline DIAL techniques SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE lidar; MWIR DIAL; multiline DIAL AB This paper reports on recent progress made in developing rapidly tunable MWIR (3-5 mu m) lidar systems for the detection and identification of multiple trace atmospheric molecules. The lidar system and multiline DIAL approach are described in detail. The unique advantages of the lidar system and multiline DIAL measurement technique are demonstrated with results from field measurements. RP Ramponi, AJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 256 EP 267 DI 10.1117/12.292716 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00022 ER PT B AU Magnotta, F Morris, JR Neuman, WA Scharlemann, ET AF Magnotta, F Morris, JR Neuman, WA Scharlemann, ET BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI Mid-wave infrared DIAL noise phenomenology SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE DIAL; remote sensing; speckle; turbulence AB LLNL has utilized optical parametric oscillator technology to develop and field a rapidly-tunable mid-wave infrared (MWIR) DIAL system. The system can be tuned at up to 1 KHz over the 3.3-3.8 micron spectral region, where hydrogen-bond stretching modes provide spectroscopic signatures for a wide variety of chemicals. We have fielded the DIAL system on the LLNL site with targets at horizontal ranges of up to 2 km. We have collected data on noise levels and correlations and their dependences on range, turbulence, and receiver aperture size. In this paper we describe the interplay of turbulence and speckle to produce the observed noise fluctuations at short range (<500 m). RP Magnotta, F (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-183,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1117/12.283912 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00023 ER PT B AU Scharlemann, ET AF Scharlemann, ET BE Sedlacek, AJ Fischer, KW TI Comparison of analysis techniques for multiwavelength DIAL SO APPLICATION OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics II, at the SPIE Annual Meeting on Optical Engineering CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE DIAL; remote sensing AB Differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) with multiple wavelengths provides capabilities for separately identifying and quantifying chemicals in mixtures that are impossible for conventional two-line DIAL. It also permits several choices about how to convert individual laser pulse returns into estimates of gas concentrations. These choices concern both averaging techniques and procedures for fitting averaged data to library spectra of possible gases. The purpose of this paper is to compare several analysis options using real data taken with 8 or 10 mid-wave infrared (MWIR) wavelengths in field tests. The options fall naturally into two groups, as implied above. The first group comprises ways to combine data averaging with ratioing. The second group comprises various maximum-likelihood estimators and least-squares fits of the averaged data (after processing through the first group of options). Several options arise in the second group because data is taken at multiple wavelengths; for two-line DIAL there would be only a single option in this second group. This paper compares the results of held data analysis for these two groups of options. The properties of the data acquired by the multi-line DIAL system are first described. Then the three averaging/ratioing techniques are discussed. The various options for extracting concentration estimates from averaged data are compared. Finally, the implications for remote sensing data analysis are discussed. RP Scharlemann, ET (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-183,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2549-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3127 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1117/12.283913 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90X UT WOS:A1997BJ90X00024 ER PT B AU Krumbugel, MA Trebino, R Searcy, ML Cooley, DH Cheng, HD AF Krumbugel, MA Trebino, R Searcy, ML Cooley, DH Cheng, HD BE Rogers, SK TI Application of artificial neural networks to the measurement of ultrashort laser pulses SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE FROG; ultrashort laser pulse; phase retrieval; neural network; feature extraction; integral moments; wavelets AB Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a technique for measuring the intensity and phase of ultrashort laser pulses. In FROG, a spectrogram of the pulse is produced from which the intensity and phase of the pulse's electric field is then retrieved using an iterative algorithm. This iterative algorithm performs well for all types of pulses, but it sometimes requires more than a minute to converge, and faster retrieval is desired for many applications. As a faster alternative, we therefore employed a neural network to invert the function that relates the pulse intensity and phase to its FROG trace. In previous work, we showed that a neural network can retrieve simple pulses, described by four or six parameters, rapidly and directly. In this contribution, we discuss our latest attempts to train an artificial neural network for more complex pulse shapes. RP Krumbugel, MA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS9057,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3077 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1117/12.271494 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH60Z UT WOS:A1997BH60Z00036 ER PT B AU Glover, CW Oblow, EM Rao, NSV AF Glover, CW Oblow, EM Rao, NSV BE Rogers, SK TI Accuracy estimation for supervised learning algorithms SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications and Science of Artificial Neural Networks III CY APR 21-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE supervised learning; holdout methods; cross validation; PAC learning; neural networks; statistical accuracy estimation AB This paper illustrates and discusses the relative merits of three methods - k-fold Cross Validation, Error Bounds, and Incremental Halting Test - to estimate the accuracy of a supervised learning algorithm. For each of the three methods we point out the problem they address, some of the important assumptions that they are based on, and illustrate them through an example. Finally, we discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of each method. RP Glover, CW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,MS-6355,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2492-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3077 BP 794 EP 802 DI 10.1117/12.271548 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BH60Z UT WOS:A1997BH60Z00083 ER PT B AU Rashidi, M Dehmeshki, J Dickenson, E Daemi, F AF Rashidi, M Dehmeshki, J Dickenson, E Daemi, F BE Tescher, AG TI Automatic vision system for analysis of microscopic behavior of flow and transport in porous media SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XX CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE imaging; flow; transport; vision systems; image processing; porous media; fluorescent techniques AB This paper describes the development of a novel automated and efficient vision system to obtain velocity and concentration measurements within a porous medium. An aqueous fluid laced with a fluorescent dye or microspheres flows through a transparent, refractive-index-matched column packed with transparent crystals. For illumination purposes, a planar sheet of laser passes through the column as a CCD camera records all the laser illuminated planes. Detailed microscopic velocity and concentration fields have been computed within a 3D volume of the column. For measuring velocities, while the aqueous fluid, laced with fluorescent microspheres, flows through the transparent medium, a CCD camera records the motions of the fluorescing particles by a video cassette recorder. The recorded images are acquired automatically frame by frame and transferred to the computer for processing, by using a frame grabber and written relevant algorithms through an RS-232 interface. Since the grabbed image is poor in this stage, some preprocessings are used to enhance particles within images. Finally, these enhanced particles are monitored to calculate velocity vectors in the plane of the beam. For concentration measurements, while the aqueous fluid, laced with a fluorescent organic dye, flows through the transparent medium, a CCD camera sweeps back and forth across the column and records concentration slices on the planes illuminated by the laser beam traveling simultaneously with the camera. Subsequently, these recorded images are transferred to the computer for processing in similar fashion to the velocity measurement. In order to have a fully automatic vision system, several detailed image processing techniques are developed to match exact images (at different times during the experiments) that have different intensities values but the same topological characteristics. This results in normalized interstitial chemical concentrations as a function of time within the porous column. RP Rashidi, M (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2586-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3164 BP 592 EP 604 DI 10.1117/12.292771 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ98B UT WOS:A1997BJ98B00059 ER PT B AU Douglas, EP Langlois, DA Smith, ME Hjelm, RP Benicewicz, BC AF Douglas, EP Langlois, DA Smith, ME Hjelm, RP Benicewicz, BC BE Luise, RR TI Properties of liquid crystalline thermosets and their nanocomposites SO APPLICATIONS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Temperature Polymers - Advances and Applications CY FEB 20-21, 1995 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP Execut Conf Management Inc RP Douglas, EP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POLYMERS & COATINGS GRP,MAIL STOP E549,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-7672-6 PY 1997 BP 79 EP 96 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BJ12C UT WOS:A1997BJ12C00005 ER PT B AU Shepherd, R Booth, R Young, B Price, D More, R Lee, R Stewart, R AF Shepherd, R Booth, R Young, B Price, D More, R Lee, R Stewart, R BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI Sub-picosecond, time resolved x-ray measurements SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 SPIE Conference on Applications of X Ray Generated From Lasers and Other Bright Sources CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE subpicosecond x-ray generation; subpicosecond laser-matter interaction; time resolved x-ray measurements; plasma cooling AB The emission of ultrashort thermal x-ray radiation is shown to be controlled by two factors; peak temperature and the population of 'cold' electrons. Two experiments are used to illustrate these mechanisms. The first measures the time history of 50 Angstrom-130 Angstrom x-rays from ultrashort pulse laser heated solid targets. This experiment is used to illustrate the effect of the peak temperature on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission. The second experimriment measures the dependency of decay time of the 1s(2)(S-0) - 1s(2)p(P-1(1)) transition (He-alpha) emission on target thickness. This is used to infer the effects of unheated material or 'cold' electrons on the time history of the x-ray emission. RP Shepherd, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,MS L-43,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2579-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3157 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.290263 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ87L UT WOS:A1997BJ87L00001 ER PT B AU Hauer, AA Wark, JS Kalantar, D Remington, B Kopp, R Cobble, J Failor, B Kyrala, G Meyers, M Springer, R Boehley, T AF Hauer, AA Wark, JS Kalantar, D Remington, B Kopp, R Cobble, J Failor, B Kyrala, G Meyers, M Springer, R Boehley, T BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI Transient x-ray diffraction and its application to materials science and x-ray optics SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 SPIE Conference on Applications of X Ray Generated From Lasers and Other Bright Sources CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Time resolved x-ray diffraction and scattering have been applied to the measurement of a wide variety of physical phenomena from chemical reactions to shock wave physics. Interest in this method has heightened in recent years with the advent of versatile, high power, pulsed x-ray sources utilizing laser plasmas, electron beams and other methods. In this article, we will describe some of the fundamentals involved in time resolved x-ray diffraction, review some of the history of its development, and describe some recent progress in the field. In this article we will emphasize the use of laser-plasmas as the x-ray source for transient diffraction. RP Hauer, AA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2579-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3157 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.283986 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ87L UT WOS:A1997BJ87L00008 ER PT B AU Back, CA Grun, J Decker, CD Davis, JL Landen, OL Suter, LJ Wallace, R AF Back, CA Grun, J Decker, CD Davis, JL Landen, OL Suter, LJ Wallace, R BE Kyrala, GA Gauthier, JCJ TI Production of multi-kilovolt X-rays from laser-heated targets SO APPLICATIONS OF X RAYS GENERATED FROM LASERS AND OTHER BRIGHT SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 SPIE Conference on Applications of X Ray Generated From Lasers and Other Bright Sources CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE X-ray production; conversion efficiency; laser-produced plasma; backlight; Xe gas; L-shell emission AB Experiments to develop high photon energy x-ray sources were carried out on the Nova laser. Ten laser beams delivered approximately 39 kJ of energy in 2 ns into a Be cylinder filled with Xe gas. The conversion efficiency into x-rays > 4 keV was measured to be 5 - 15 %, which is the highest measured in this photon regime for laser-produced plasmas. The temporal dependence of the x-ray emission indicates that the bulk of the emission is emitted in the first half of the 2 ns pulse. A set of diagnostics were fielded to image the volume in emission as well as provide spectra to measure conversion efficiency. RP Back, CA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2579-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3157 BP 130 EP 137 DI 10.1117/12.283990 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ87L UT WOS:A1997BJ87L00013 ER PT J AU Vinzant, TB Ehrman, CI Adney, WS Thomas, SR Himmel, ME AF Vinzant, TB Ehrman, CI Adney, WS Thomas, SR Himmel, ME TI Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated hardwoods - Effect of native lignin content SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lignin; sawdust; SSF; statistical analysis; hardwoods AB A series of correlations was made between the performance of 15 wood species in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and their respective chemical compositions. A compelling inverse trend (p < 0.001) was demonstrated between the percent conversion of glucan to ethanol during SSF and the Klason lignin content of the wood samples before dilute acid pretreatment. No significant relationships were found between the glucan, xylan, and ash compositions of the native wood samples and ethanol yield. This observation is unique and provides a convenient predictor of biomass conversion efficiency. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,ALTERNAT FUELS DIV,APPL BIOL SCI SECT,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 8 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/BF02787987 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WR627 UT WOS:A1997WR62700009 ER PT J AU van der Est, A Fuechsle, G Stehlik, D Wasielewski, MR AF van der Est, A Fuechsle, G Stehlik, D Wasielewski, MR TI Separation of the exchange and dipolar contributions to the spin-spin coupling in the donor-acceptor complex TAPD-ZnP-NQ SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES R-26; COVALENTLY-LINKED PORPHYRIN; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; RES SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; QUINONE UNITS; RADICAL PAIRS; QUANTUM BEATS AB The donor-acceptor complex, 2-tetraalkylphenylenediamine-zinc porphyrin-2-naphthoquinone (TAPD-ZnP-NQ), is studied using transient EPR at K-band (24 GHz). Spin polarized spectra of the radical pair TAPD(+.)NQ(-.) and of the triplet state TAPD-(ZnP)-Zn-3-NQ are observed simultaneously following light excitation of the complex at 30 K in frozen solutions 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran and the liquid crystal BDH E7. In the liquid crystal, the complex is partially ordered and the spectra depend on the orientation of the sample with respect to the magnetic field. The orientational distribution function is obtained independently by simulating the spectra of the triplet state and assuming that the principal axes of the order matrix coincide with those of the inertia tensor as has been found for solutes in nematic phases. The spectra of TAPD(+.)NQ(-.) are analyzed on the basis of the coupled correlated radical pair (CCRP) model using an estimate of the geometry based on the X-ray crystal structures of the components and the independently obtained orientational distribution function. It is shown that the experimental spectra are consistent with the assumed geometry and that the exchange coupling, J, is approximately 0.1 mT. This value is at least two orders of magnitude larger than that found in the analogous radical pair P(+.)Q(-.) in photosynthetic reaction centres. This difference is rationalized in terms of different mechanisms for the exchange coupling. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. RP van der Est, A (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0937-9347 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 335 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA YL738 UT WOS:000070987900005 ER PT S AU Hasslacher, B Tilden, MW AF Hasslacher, B Tilden, MW BE Kadtke, JB Bulsara, A TI Theoretical foundations for nervous networks SO APPLIED NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS NEAR THE MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochastic Systems near the Millennium CY JUL, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA AB Following three years of study into experimental Nervous Net (Nv) control devices, various successes and several amusing failures have implied some general principles on the nature of capable control systems for autonomous machines and perhaps, we conjecture, even biological organisms. These systems are minimal, elegant, and, depending upon their implementation in a "creature" structure, astonishingly robust. Their only problem seems to be that as they are collections of non-linear asynchronous elements, only complex analysis can adequately extract and explain the emergent competency of their operation. The implications are that so long as Nv non-linear topologies can retain some measure of sub-critically coupled planar stability, the Piexito theorem will guarantee a form of plastic mode-locking necessary for broad-behavior competency. Further experimental evidence also suggests that if Nv topologies are kept in sub-chaotically stable regimes, they can be implemented at any scale and still automatically fall into effective survival strategies in unstructured environments. An explanation for how this is be possible in such minimal structures is presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hasslacher, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-736-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 411 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BK19E UT WOS:000071453600028 ER PT J AU Hielscher, AH Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ AF Hielscher, AH Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ TI Influence of particle size and concentration on the diffuse backscattering of polarized light from tissue phantoms and biological cell suspensions SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE polarization; multiple scattering; optical diagnostics for medicine ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; DEPOLARIZATION; INVIVO; NM AB We present experimental results that show the spatial variations of the diffuse-backscattered intensity when linearly polarized light is incident upon highly scattering media. Experiments on polystyrene-sphere and Intralipid suspensions demonstrate that the radial and azimuthal variations of the observed pattern depend on the concentration, size, and anisotropy factor g of the particles that constitute the scattering medium. Measurements performed on biological-cell suspensions show the potential of this method for cell characterization. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America RP Hielscher, AH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CST-4,MS E535,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 38 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.1364/AO.36.000125 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA WD153 UT WOS:A1997WD15300012 PM 18250653 ER PT J AU Mao, XL Russo, RE AF Mao, XL Russo, RE TI Observation of plasma shielding by measuring transmitted and reflected laser pulse temporal profiles SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID MATERIALS; ABLATION; RADIATION; ALUMINUM; SAMPLES; GLASS; PLUME AB Mass ablation rate increases with laser power density following a power law dependence and a significant change occurs at 0.3 GW/cm(2). A reflected laser temporal profile was measured from a brass sample. When the power density is greater than 0.3 GW/cm(2)+, the temporal profile changes. The transmitted laser-pulse temporal profile through a glass sample also was measured. When the power density is greater than 0.3 GW/cm(2), the later part of laser pulse becomes truncated. The power density at which the laser temporal profile changes for each case is same as the power density that the mass ablation rate coefficient changes. The ablated mass can absorb incoming laser radiation through inverse Bremsstrahlung. The mass becomes thermally ionized and opaque to the incident radiation, preventing laser light from reaching the surface. A model based on thermal evaporation and inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption was developed. Calculations show that plasma shielding occurs at approximately 0.3 GW/cm(2). The experiments and model suggest that the significant change observed in mass ablation rate coefficient is caused by plasma shielding. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 28 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA WH438 UT WOS:A1997WH43800001 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Panjehpour, M Overholt, BF Buckley, P AF Vo-Dinh, T Panjehpour, M Overholt, BF Buckley, P TI Laser-induced differential fluorescence for cancer diagnosis without biopsy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE cancer; esophagus; laser-induced fluorescence; Barrett's esophagus ID SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUE AB An optical diagnostic procedure based on laser-induced fluorescence was developed for direct in vivo cancer diagnosis without requiring biopsy. The methodology was applied in a clinical study involving over 100 patients in order to differentiate normal tissue from malignant tumors of the esophagus. Endogenous fluorescence of normal and malignant tissues was measured directly with the use of a fiber-optic probe inserted through an endoscope. The measurements were performed in vivo during routine endoscopy. Detection of the fluorescence signal from the tissue was performed with the use of laser excitation. This report describes the differential normalized fluorescence (DNF) procedure using the amplified spectral differences between the normalized fluorescence of malignant tissue and normal mucosa. The results of this DNF approach were compared with histopathology results of the biopsy samples and indicated excellent agreement in the classification of normal tissue and malignant tumors for the samples investigated, Data related to various grades of Barrett's esophagus are discussed. The DNF procedure could lead to the development of a rapid and cost-effective technique for cancer diagnosis. C1 THOMPSON CANC SURVIVAL CTR, KNOXVILLE, TN 37916 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1366/0003702971938768 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA WJ128 UT WOS:A1997WJ12800012 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Iyer, AN Goretta, KC Haldar, P AF Balachandran, U Iyer, AN Goretta, KC Haldar, P TI Processing and fabrication of high-T-c superconductors for electric power applications SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium G on High T(c) Superconductors for the 21st-Century Technology, at the 4th IUMRS International Conference CY SEP 17, 1997 CL CHIBA, JAPAN SP Int Union Mat Res Soc ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; FLUX-PINNING CENTERS; AG-SHEATHED TAPES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MECHANICAL DEFORMATION; BI2SR2CACU2O8 CERAMICS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; BI-2223 AB Recent developments in the powder-in-tube fabrication of (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3ON tapes include: identification of high-current-transport regions of the superconductor core; optimization of conductor design and processing to take advantage of these high-current regions; optimization of superconductor powders and heat treatments; and incorporation of flux-pinning defects into the superconductor grains. These developments are briefly discussed and their implications Ire assessed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Intermagnet Gen Corp, Latham, NY 12110 USA. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0964-1807 J9 APPL SUPERCOND JI Appl. Supercond. PD JAN-JUN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1-6 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0964-1807(98)00024-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 101MV UT WOS:000074873500027 ER PT S AU Iavarone, M Andreone, A Aruta, C Cassinese, A Fontana, F Palomba, F Russo, ML Vaglio, R AF Iavarone, M Andreone, A Aruta, C Cassinese, A Fontana, F Palomba, F Russo, ML Vaglio, R BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Growth and characterization of Re-Ni2B2C superconducting thin films SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente ID MAGNETISM; ERNI2B2C; YNI2B2C AB High quality, c-axis oriented thin films of the intermetallic superconductors RE-Ni2B2C (RE = Y, Er) were obtained "in-situ" by planar magnetron sputtering. These compounds have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to their intriguing superconducting and magnetic properties. In this paper we report on the growth, structural and electrical characterization of these films, as well as STM topography and tunneling spectroscopy. These measurements shed light on the nature of the superconducting state as well as on possible employment of these new superconductors in thin film devices. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Molise, SAVA Dept, Campobasso, Italy. RP Iavarone, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Iavarone, Maria/C-3628-2008; Aruta, Carmela/L-2957-2015 OI Aruta, Carmela/0000-0002-6917-6667 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200044 ER PT S AU Ashworth, SP Chudzik, MP Glowacki, BA Lanagan, MT AF Ashworth, SP Chudzik, MP Glowacki, BA Lanagan, MT BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Electrical characteristics of BSCCO-2223kA class conductors in the temperature range 77-110K SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente AB Monoliths capable of carrying very high currents (up to 1kA at liquid nitrogen temperatures) have been produced by cold pressing BSCCO-2223 powders. These conductors have rectangular cross sections of order 1cm(2), are up to 10cm long and have low resistance current injection contacts. In this paper we present data on the transport critical current and V-I characteristics of these conductors as a function of temperature in liquid nitrogen between 77K and 110K and as a function of magnetic field to 0.8T. These measurements utilise transport currents approaching 1kA and consequently require liquid cooling at all temperatures, this is achieved using a pressurised liquid nitrogen cryostat. The critical current dependence on temperature and V-I characteristics are shown to be very different to those of, for example, BSCCO-2223 OPIT tapes. The effect of the production processes of these two conductor forms and the subsequent microstructure are discussed and related to the different electrical characteristics. C1 Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Ashworth, SP (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Glowacki, Bartek/F-5113-2010 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 949 EP 952 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200235 ER PT S AU Dabrowski, B Rogacki, K Chmaissem, O Jorgensen, JD Koenitzer, JW Poeppelmeier, KR AF Dabrowski, B Rogacki, K Chmaissem, O Jorgensen, JD Koenitzer, JW Poeppelmeier, KR BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Optimized T-c, B-irr and J(c) for substituted Y-123 materials SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente ID PRESSURE AB Several Y123 related compounds doped with the transition elements for Cu were synthesized to study the relationship between fundamental properties of the blocking layer and T-c, B-irr and J(c). Synthesis conditions and compositions were optimized to obtain the highest T-c's for YSr2Cu3-xMxOz and YBaSrCu3-xMxOz. For YSr2Cu3-xMxOz compounds, using elevated oxygen pressure annealing at similar to 650 C, the oxygen content was increased to z similar to 7.30 and T-c's were increased to similar to 77 K for M = Re, W and Mo (x = 0.2) by substitution of small amounts of Ca for Y. For the YBaSrCu3-xMxOz compounds, the highest transitions, T-c = 87 K, were obtained for M = Mo with x similar to 0.075 after high oxygen pressure anneal at 600 C. The Mo-substituted material is orthorhombic for x < 0.1 and tetragonal for x > 0.1. Oxygen content is above 7 and Mo substitutes on the Cu-"chain" site. The scaled irreversibility fields are better than far Y123. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Dabrowski, B (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 1117 EP 1120 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200277 ER PT S AU Green, MA AF Green, MA BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Superconducting magnet design issues for a muon collider ring SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente AB Two factors govern the design of the collider ring magnets for a muon collider. These factors are the decay of the muons within the ring and the required luminosity needed to do the physics in a muon collider. The decay of the muons within the ring on deposit up to 2 kW per meter of beam energy into the magnet bore in the form of high energy electrons, positrons and gamma rays. One must keep the muon decay products from depositing their energy into the superconductor of the collider ring magnets. The luminosity at the collision point is inversely proportional to the ring circumference squared and it is inversely proportional to the beam size function squared. In order to get the circumference of the ring as small as possible, dipoles with a high central induction are desirable. The strength of the cell quadrupoles should in some way be proportional to the collider ring dipole central induction. A small beam size means that the beam beta function at the collision point must be very small. As a result, the focusing quadrupoles around the collision point must be strong with a large aperture (The beam beta function in these quadrupoles is often very large in at least one direction.) The final focus quadrupoles around the collision point of the muon storage ring should be treated as one of a kind magnets. The collider standard cell magnets would be mass produced so cost is an issue. This report presents a number of superconducting magnet design issues that would apply to a muon collider storage ring. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 1491 EP 1494 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200369 ER PT S AU Scanlan, RM Benjegerdes, RJ Bish, PA Caspi, S Chow, K Dell'Orco, D Diederich, DR Green, MA Hannaford, R Harnden, W Higley, HC Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Morrison, L Morrison, ME Taylor, CE Van Oort, JM AF Scanlan, RM Benjegerdes, RJ Bish, PA Caspi, S Chow, K Dell'Orco, D Diederich, DR Green, MA Hannaford, R Harnden, W Higley, HC Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Morrison, L Morrison, ME Taylor, CE Van Oort, JM BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Preliminary test results of a 13 tesla niobium tin dipole SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente ID FABRICATION; MAGNET AB During March and April 1997, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) tested its four layer 13 T niobium-tin dipole. The LBNL test dipole has a coil bore of 50 mm and a length of about 1 m. This magnet was trained to a central induction of 13.5 T at a temperature of 1.8 K. The peak central induction reached at 4.5 K was 12.8 T. This report describes the dipole and presents its design parameters. Preliminary training results from the magnet test will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scanlan, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 1503 EP 1506 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200372 ER PT S AU Green, MA Dardin, SM Marrs, RE Magee, E Mukhergee, SK AF Green, MA Dardin, SM Marrs, RE Magee, E Mukhergee, SK BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI The design and fabrication of a 6tesla EBIT solenoid SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente AB An electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) experiment allows one to strip virtually all of the electrons from a heavy element such as uranium in a device that is not much larger than a table top. Key to trapping the highly stripped ions is a superconducting magnet. The 6 T solenoid built for the Livermore EBIT experiment uses a modified Helmholtz coil design. The 6 tesla field region must be about 230 mm long and about 50 mm in diameter with a field uniformity of about one percent. Because the electron beam and the trapped ions are observed from the outside, gaps between the solenoid coils must be provided. The 6 T EBIT was fabricated from a Nb-Ti conductor with a copper to superconductor ratio of 1.8 and a critical current density of 3100 amperes per square mm at 4.2 K and 5 T. The conductor is a 55 filament conductor with a matrix diameter of 0.75 mm. The solenoid consists of four separate coils with holes for trapped ion observation between them. The solenoid will operate at a relative low current in persistent mode cooled by liquid helium in a 50 liter storage dewar. This report describes the design and fabrication of the 6 tesla EBIT solenoid for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 1563 EP 1566 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200387 ER PT S AU Gregory, E Gulko, E Pyon, T Dietderich, D AF Gregory, E Gulko, E Pyon, T Dietderich, D BE Rogalla, H Blank, DHA TI Some factors affecting the use of internal-tin Nb3Sn for high field dipole magnets and fusion applications SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: SMALL SCALE AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS; VOL 2: LARGE SCALE AND POWER APPLICATIONS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 1997) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL VELDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP ASM Lithog BV, The Netherlands, GEC ALSTROM Intermagnet, Philips Med Syst Magnet Resonance, European Commiss, TMR Programme, Esprit Network Superconducting Electr, Dutch Technol Fdn, Dutch Fdn Fundamental Res Matter, Univ Twente AB The internal-tin strands described here were originally developed to meet the HP-1 specifications for The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). More than four tonnes of this material has been delivered to MIT for use in the US portion of ITER Central Solenoid (CS) model coil. Recently modifications have been made to this strand to bring its properties closer to those required for the HP-2 specification for ITER. A different modification was used in the high field section of the D20 dipole magnet at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This recently achieved the world record field for an accelerator dipole - 13.5 T at 1.8 K. The nature of these strand modifications are indicated. While these materials show outstanding performance, more thorough understanding of their behavior is desirable. Much of the complexity of the material results from the reaction between Sn and Cu during heat treatment. Dimensional changes resulting from these interactions are significant and must be taken into account if successful device performance is to be achieved. The importance of some of these effects is discussed. C1 IGC Adv Superconductors, Waterbury, CT 06704 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gregory, E (reprint author), IGC Adv Superconductors, Waterbury, CT 06704 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0487-1 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1997 IS 158 BP 1611 EP 1614 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK38H UT WOS:000071955200399 ER PT J AU Fink, T Korfhage, D AF Fink, T Korfhage, D GP ASSPC QIAL & PARTICIPAT TI Performance measurement for organization excellence SO AQP'S 19TH ANNUAL SPRING CONFERENCE AND RESOURCE MART, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - "THE SPIRIT OF WORKING TOGETHER" LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Spring Conference and Resource Mart of the Association-for-Quality-and-Participation on the Spirit Working Together CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Assoc Qualit & Participat DE organizational alignment; performance tracking; continuous improvement; performance indicators; performance software AB [Note: The terms indicator and measure are used interchangeably in this paper. These terms refer to numerical information that quantifies performance. Performance refers to any measurable dimension of processes, products and services.] Companies today are finding it imperative to have measurements for their leading performance requirements and to be able to quantify improvement results. But managers are experiencing that the information available to them allows them no more than a ''rear-view mirror'' look at their company's performance. Once the data is available to them, it is old information, and mid-course corrections are often made late in the game. Managers need a dashboard rather than a rear-view mirror for their performance measurement system. A dashboard allows managers to view current data to evaluate state of affairs. This paper will demonstrate key elements of a performance measurement system designed to enable an organization to achieve excellence. Organizational excellence can only be achieved by aligning the company's strategic plan (vision and goals) to workgroup and individual performance measures, and to continuous improvement actions. This alignment can be accomplished through a well-designed performance measurement system. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (1997 Award Criteria, page 3) defines ''alignment'' as the consistency of processes, actions, information, and decisions among company units in support of key company-wide goals. Effective alignment requires common understanding of purposes and goals and use of complementary measures and information to enable planning, tracking, analysis, and improvement at three levels, the company level; the key process level; and the work unit level. The key elements that will be presented in this paper are the solutions to problems experienced by manufacturing, health care, and service companies in creating performance measurement systems that align their organizations. The solutions and ideas to these problems can be viewed as a collection of the best of practices, and can be used by other organizations as they design their own measurement tools and systems. This paper will also demonstrate how software can enable performance measures to be successfully deployed throughout an entire company, thus focusing all employees (CEO to frontline employees) on the achievement of the organization's vision and goals. C1 APS,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSOC QUALITY & PARTICIPATION PI CINCINNATI PA 801-B W 8TH ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45203 PY 1997 BP 330 EP 340 PG 11 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BH97M UT WOS:A1997BH97M00033 ER PT J AU Teh, SJ Adams, SM Hinton, DE AF Teh, SJ Adams, SM Hinton, DE TI Histopathologic biomarkers in feral freshwater fish populations exposed to different types of contaminant stress SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; histopathologic biomarker; population; contaminant lesion ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; HEPATIC-LESIONS; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; HEALTH MONITORS; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; RIVER ESTUARY; GREAT-LAKES; LIVER AB Histopathologic alterations of gill, liver, and spleen were studied in feral fish from three freshwater ecosystems that experience different types of contaminant stress. East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC), a third-order stream in East Tennessee, receives point source discharges of mixed contaminants from a nuclear weapons facility located near its headwater. The Pigeon River (PR), a high-gradient fifth order stream, is impacted by bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME). Hartwell Reservoir (HR), a US Army Corp of Engineers impoundment of the Savannah River, contains high levels of PCBs in sediment and biota. Brushy Fork Creek (BFC), the Little River (LR), and the Tugaloo River (TR) are relatively free of contaminants, and served as reference sites for the three respective ecosystems of this study. Certain organ and tissue lesions, detected microscopically, were common to fish from both reference and contaminated sites. These included parasites, inflammation, glycogen deficiency, macrophage aggregates (MA), and diffuse fatty change in the liver; parasites and MA in the spleen; and parasites, secondary lamellar fusion, and variable epithelial cell hyperplasia in the gills. Lesions found only in fish from contaminated sites were: (1) cholangiomas in liver of redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auratus) collected from EFPC; (2) amphophilic and eosinophilic foci of cellular alteration, diffuse biliary preductular and ductular hyperplasia with islands of hyperplastic basophilic hepatocytes, and two metastatic thyroidal carcinomas in spleen of redbreast sun fish from PR; (3) severe lipidosis, vacuolated and basophilic foci in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from HR; (4) splenic lymphoid cell depletion and vascular congestion, with necrosis of reticuloendothelial cells in fish collected from EFPC and HR; (5) hyperplasia of mucous and chloride cells, deformed branchial cartilage, severe and diffuse aneurysms of lamellae, and edema at the base of the secondary lamellae were in gill of fish from all three sites. The finding of specific lesions only in fish from contaminated sites suggests a contaminant etiology. Histopathology biomarker lesions identified in this study are similar to those observed in laboratory exposures of fishes to specific pollutants. Further refinement of these biomarker approaches will be discussed in light of multiple stressors and their effects. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SCH VET MED, DEPT MED & EPIDEMIOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, ENVIRONM TOXICOL SECT, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 59 TC 121 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 51 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(96)00808-9 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA WL880 UT WOS:A1997WL88000005 ER PT S AU Bunker, BC AF Bunker, BC BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Formal charge model for predicting structures, acid-base, and ion exchange properties of mixed oxides SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The range of mixed-oxide materials used in ion exchange and catalytic materials is rapidly expanding from aluminosilicates such as zeolites and clays into materials whose structure and chemical properties are more difficult to predict and understand. A simple model based on local charge has been developed to predict distributions of local bonding configurations of both cations and anions in mixed oxides. The model, illustrated for the case of silicotitanates, provides qualitative predictions regarding both the acid-base and ion exchange properties of such materials as a function of composition. RP Bunker, BC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00003 ER PT S AU Feng, XD Metzger, RB AF Feng, XD Metzger, RB BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI A glass durability model based on understanding glass chemistry and structural configurations of the glass constituents SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB An improved structural bond strength (SBS) model has been developed to quantify the correlation between glass compositions and their chemical durabilities. The SBS model assumes that the strengths of the bonds between cations and oxygens and the structural roles of the individual elements in the glass are the predominant factors controlling the composition dependence of the chemical durability of glasses. The structural roles of oxides in glass are classified as network formers, network breakers, and intermediates. The structural roles of the oxides depend on glass composition and the redox state of oxides. Al2O3, ZrO2, Fe2O3, and B2O3 are assigned as network formers only when there are sufficient alkalis to bind with these oxides. CaO can also improve durability by sharing non-bridging oxygen with alkalis, relieving SiO2 from alkalis. The binding order to alkalis is Al2O3>ZrO2>Fe2O3>B2O3>CaO>SiO2. The percolation phenomenon in glass is also taken into account. The concentration of network formers has to reach a critical value for a glass to become durable; durable glasses are sufficient in network formers and have a complete network structure; poor durability glasses are deficient in network formers and the network is incomplete and discontinuous. The SBS model is capable of correlating the 7-day product consistency test durability of 42 low-level waste glasses with their composition with an R(2) of 0.87, which is better than 0.81 obtained with an eight-coefficient empirical first-order mixture model on the same data set. RP Feng, XD (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LABS,RECLEANED,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00004 ER PT S AU Bunker, BC Peden, CHF Kirkpatrick, RJ Turner, GL AF Bunker, BC Peden, CHF Kirkpatrick, RJ Turner, GL BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI O-17 NMR studies of titanate repolymerization in water SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Local structures of high surface area sodium titanate materials have been examined as a function of pH using solid state O-17 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using O-17 NMR, it is possible to determine the relative populations of nonbridging oxygens as well as oxygens bridging between two, three, and four titanium atoms. Results show that protonation of ion exchange sites in titanate materials is not a simple ion exchange process but involves a repolymerization and restructuring of the titanate network. The observed structural changes are consistent with reported phase stabilities of titanates in water as well as with known hydrolysis and condensation reactions. RP Bunker, BC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00005 ER PT S AU Wang, LQ Skiba, PX Shultz, AN Baer, DR Engelhard, MH AF Wang, LQ Skiba, PX Shultz, AN Baer, DR Engelhard, MH BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI The interaction of liquid and vapor water with nearly defect-free and defective TiO2(100) surfaces SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The interaction of both liquid and vapor water on nearly defect-free and defective TiO2(100) surfaces has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The study has focused on examining electronic or chemical defects as created in vacuum and after exposure to both liquid and vapor water. Defective surfaces were prepared by electron-beam exposure and Ar+ bombardment. For a nearly defect-free (100)1 x 1 surface, water coverage was similar to 0.02 ML (1 ML = 2.9 x 10(15)/cm(2)) at 10(4) L exposure to low vapor pressure water, similar to 0.08 ML at 10(8) L exposure to higher vapor pressure water, and similar to 0.12 ML with liquid water exposure, respectively. Defect intensities were greatly reduced after exposing defective surfaces to similar to 10(2) L low vapor pressure water. More significantly, electron-beam induced defects were completely removed upon higher-pressure vapor exposure (>10(4) L) or liquid water exposure, while defects created by Ar+ bombardment were only partially removed. The adsorption behavior and surface defect reactivity for TiO2(100) 1 x 1 surfaces were compared with those for TiO2(110) surfaces. The adsorption rates for nearly defect-free (100) 1 x 1 and (110) surfaces are comparable. However, the rate of defect ''healing'' for a defective (100) surface is much faster than that for a defective (110) surface. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,MAT & CHEM SCI CTR,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00006 ER PT S AU Brady, PV AF Brady, PV BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Surface-controlled reactivity of metal carbonates SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Metal carbonate surfaces are a common component of soils, sediments, terrestrial organisms, and many engineered structures. The surface-controlled growth and dissolution of metal carbonate minerals (e.g. calcite) often affects fluid flow in pipes (through scaling) as well as the nanoscale assembly of complex biologic structures (similar reactions control Ca levels in the oceans, and ultimately, long-term CO2 levels). Engineering metal carbonate surface chemistry to enhance or inhibit growth, dissolution, or crystal nucleation is therefore an area with obvious economic impact. Metal carbonate superstructures are rapidly altered by dissolution/re-precipitation reactions, necessitating the measurement of surface chemistry near equilibrium. Measurements of metal sorption using limited residence time reactors point to the importance of adsorbed/exchanged metal ions in controlling surface charge and electrokinetic behavior. The same reactions appear to control growth and dissolution rates as well. RP Brady, PV (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00007 ER PT S AU Allen, PG Shuh, DK Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Palmer, CEA Marquez, LN AF Allen, PG Shuh, DK Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Palmer, CEA Marquez, LN BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Exafs spectroscopic studies of uranium (VI) oxide precipitates SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We have investigated the structures of U(VI) oxides precipitated from room temperature aqueous solutions at low ionic strength as a function of pH. Using the uranium L(III) - edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as a probe of the local structure around the uranium, a trend is observed whereby the axial oxygen bond lengths from the uranyl groups increase from 1.80 Angstrom, at pH=7 to 1.86 Angstrom at pH=11. A concomitant decrease in the equatorial oxygen and nearest-neighbor uranium bond lengths also occurs with increasing pH. Expansion of the linear O=U=O group is seen directly at the L(III) absorption edge where multiple scattering resonances systematically shift in energy. EXAFS curve-fitting analysis on these precipitates and a sample of synthetic schoepite indicate that the structure of the species formed at pH=7 is similar to the structure of schoepite. At pH=11, the precipitate structure is similar to that of a uranate. RP Allen, PG (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00018 ER PT S AU Linehan, JC Darab, JG Matson, DW Chen, X Amonette, JE AF Linehan, JC Darab, JG Matson, DW Chen, X Amonette, JE BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Synthesis and characterization of akaganeite-like ferric oxyhydroxides SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Akaganeite, beta-FeOOH, a natural ferric oxyhydroxide mineral, has a structure containing tunnel-like cavities in which chloride ions reside. Analogs of akaganeite in which carbonate or sulfate groups replace the chloride ions have also been synthesized. Both akaganeite and its substituted analogs are known to be precursors for active hydrocracking catalysts. We present powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) data confirming the synthesis of new ferric oxyhydroxides having structures similar to akaganeite, but contain molybdate and tungstate oxy-anions. We also present a new hydrothermal method to prepare this family of materials. RP Linehan, JC (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LABS 1,POB 999,MSIN K2-44,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00021 ER PT S AU Gardner, TJ McLaughlin, LI AF Gardner, TJ McLaughlin, LI BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Ion exchange properties of novel hydrous metal oxide materials SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Hydrous metal oxide (HMO) materials are inorganic ion exchangers which have many desirable characteristics for catalyst support applications, including high cation exchange capacity, anion exchange capability, high surface area, ease of adjustment of acidity and basicity, bulk or thin film preparation, and similar chemistry for preparation of various transition metal oxides. Cation exchange capacity is engineered into these materials through the uniform incorporation of alkali cations via manipulation of alkoxide chemistry. Specific examples of the effects of Na stoichiometry and the addition of SiO2 to hydrous titanium oxide (HTO) on ion exchange behavior will be given. Acid titration and cationic metal precursor complex exchange will be used to characterize the ion exchange behavior of these novel materials. RP Gardner, TJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS0709,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00034 ER PT S AU Buchheit, RG Martinez, MA Cooper, CB AF Buchheit, RG Martinez, MA Cooper, CB BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Corrosion resistant coatings for aluminum by hydrothermal film formation in alkaline Li-salt solutions SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB New methods of forming corrosion resistant inorganic coatings on Al and Al alloys are required due to environment and work safety hazards associated with the currently used Cr-based coatings technologies. In this paper we report on certain specific aspects of Al surface film formation that can be exploited to form highly corrosion resistant coatings. The aspects discussed include: formation of hydrotalcite surface films, Li-2[Al-2(OH)(6)](2) CO(3)nH(2)O, by exposure to Li-salt solutions, elimination of unwanted Cu compounds that accumulate surface films formed on Cu-bearing Al alloys, and generation of high corrosion resistance by precipitating transition metal oxides on to alkaline hydrotalcite coated surfaces. RP Buchheit, RG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00036 ER PT S AU Nenoff, TM Jackson, NB Harrison, WTA Thoma, SG Kohler, SD AF Nenoff, TM Jackson, NB Harrison, WTA Thoma, SG Kohler, SD BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Mixed-metal templated phosphate phases SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB In an effort to direct the structure formation and subsequently the catalytic properties of novel materials, both organic molecules and transition metals have been systematically incorporated into zinc phosphate materials, and various transition metals into zirconium phosphate materials. The resultant phases in the Zn/P experiments are determined not by the organic template, but by the type and stoichiometric amount of metal incorporated and by the organic template's anion. Furthermore, only one of the phases, a Ni/Zn/P, shows any acidic catalytic behavior. Similarly, the transition metals incorporated in stoichiometric amounts into the catalytically active novel zirconium phosphate are highly structure directing. Their presence inhibits the formation of the phosphate phase, instead promoting the formation of tetragonal ZrO2. The catalytic activity of the products are greatly diminished from the baseline material. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS 0709,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00041 ER PT S AU Reynolds, JG Murray, AM Nuxoll, EV Fox, GA Thorsness, CB Khan, MR AF Reynolds, JG Murray, AM Nuxoll, EV Fox, GA Thorsness, CB Khan, MR BE Viogt, JA Wood, TE Bunker, BC Casey, WH Crossey, LJ TI Upgrading of heavy oil from the San Joaquin Valley of California by aqueous pyrolysis SO AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF OXIDES, OXYHYDROXIDES, AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aqueous Chemistry and Geochemistry of Oxides, Oxyhydroxides, and Related Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, 3M Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Midway Sunset crude oil and well-head oil were treated at elevated temperatures in a closed system with the presence of water. Mild to moderate upgrading, as measured by increase in API gravity, was observed at 400 degrees C or above. Reduced pressure operation exhibited upgrading activity comparable to upgrading under normal aqueous pyrolysis conditions. Reduced pressure operation was obtained by the use of specific blending methods, a surfactant, and the proper amount of water. The use of metal complexes provided additional upgrading. The best of the minimum set tested was Co(II) 2-ethylhexanoate. Fe, Zn, Mo, Cu, and Ni complexes also showed some levels of activity. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-335-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 432 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH43B UT WOS:A1997BH43B00043 ER PT J AU MacRae, I Segel, IH AF MacRae, I Segel, IH TI ATP sulfurylase from filamentous fungi: Which sulfonucleotide is the true allosteric effector? SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE allosteric; ATP sulfurylase; adenylylsulfate (APS); sulfurylase; Penicillium; 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS); sulfate activation ID ADENOSINE 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE KINASE; SULFATE-ACTIVATING ENZYMES; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; RAT CHONDROSARCOMA; KINETIC MECHANISM; SULFHYDRYL-GROUP; BINDING; PURIFICATION; METABOLITES; INHIBITION AB Fungal ATP sulfurylase has been reported to be allosterically inhibited by 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the product of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) kinase, the second enzyme in the sulfate activation sequence. However, the affinity of ATP sulfurylase for its immediate product, APS, is 1000 times higher than that for PAPS. Moreover, each sulfurylase subunit contains two sulfonucleotide binding sites (the catalytic site and a C-terminal, APS kinaselike allosteric site). Consequently, the possibility that the cooperative effects were caused solely by trace levels of APS, or by APS acting in concert with PAPS could not be dismissed. To identify the true allosteric effector, the molybdolysis reaction kinetics in the absence and in the presence of APS kinase were compared. The rationale was that in the absence of APS kinase, submicromolar levels of APS would be generated from contaminating SO42- present in the assay components, while in the presence of APS kinase, any APS formed would be converted to PAPS. The results were as follows: In the presence of added APS kinase, the initial velocity versus [MgATP] or versus [MoO42-] plots at 100 mu M PAPS were clearly sigmoidal as was the velocity versus [PAPS] plot at subsaturating substrate levels. Hill coefficients were in the range of 2 to 3. Also, low concentrations of S2O32-, an inhibitor competitive with MoO42-, activated the reaction at high PAPS and low substrate levels. These results are consistent with PAPS serving as a classical allosteric inhibitor. Although APS kinase should be superfluous to the molybdolysis reaction, the omission of this enzyme from assay mixtures resulted in rates that were higher, the same as, or lower than the corresponding ''plus APS kinase'' rates, (depending on the fixed level of substrates and PAPS). Additionally, the ''minus APS kinase'' velocity curves were less sigmoidal and, in some cases, nearly hyperbolic. The effect of APS kinase was shown to be catalytic in nature. If the data are analyzed in terms of the concerted transition (symmetry) model for allosteric enzymes, the cumulative experimental results indicate that PAPS is the true allosteric inhibitor of fungal ATP sulfurylase, binding preferentially to the T-state allosteric site (or to the allosteric site of the R state inducing the R --> T transition), while APS binds preferentially to the R state, probably as a competitive product inhibitor at the catalytic site. If it is assumed that occupancy of the allosteric site by any ligand that fits would induce the R --> T transition, then the results suggest that the allosteric site has evolved to have a higher affinity for PAPS than for APS (in contrast to real APS kinase). Computer-assisted simulations allowing for APS and PAPS binding to both the catalytic and regulatory sites of the hexameric enzyme yielded results that nearly duplicated the experimental curves. (C) 1997 Academic Press, Inc. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,SECT MOL & CELLULAR BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1006/abbi.1996.9751 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WD534 UT WOS:A1997WD53400003 PM 8990263 ER PT J AU Boopathy, R Manning, J Kulpa, CF AF Boopathy, R Manning, J Kulpa, CF TI Optimization of environmental factors for the biological treatment of trinitrotoluene-contaminated soil SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; METABOLISM; STRAIN AB In earlier studies (Boopathy et al. 1994a, 1994b), soil bacteria present in a TNT-contaminated site removed 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this study the optimum conditions for the most efficient removal of TNT is discussed. The results suggest that the soil bacterial consortium has an optimal pH range of 6-7. Maximum growth was observed at pH 7. However, the TNT removal rate was higher at pH 6. Studies of the effects of temperature showed that the bacterial consortium had maximum metabolic activity at 20 to 22 degrees C (ambient temperature). At a higher temperature (37 degrees C) the TNT removal rate dropped significantly. The consortium could not use TNT as a nitrogen source but required the addition of ammonium. Optimal growth occurred with 0.25 g/L of ammonium chloride. Growing cells removed TNT significantly faster rates than resting cells or cell-free extract. The operation of soil slurry reactors with the optimal conditions suggested that TNT can be removed effectively from the contaminated sites. These environmental conditions established as optimal can be used to improve the efficiency of large-scale soil slurry reactors for the treatment of soil contaminated with TNT. C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT BIOL SCI,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP Boopathy, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,BLDG 203,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WF163 UT WOS:A1997WF16300011 PM 9002439 ER PT J AU Mei, VC Chen, FC Bolton, CW AF Mei, VC Chen, FC Bolton, CW GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI A liquid overfeeding military air conditioner with a quench valve SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB A 3.3-ton rated military air-conditioning unit has been studied experimentally for baseline and liquid overfeeding (LOF) operation. The tests before any modification, using the nameplate-specified refrigerant charge, showed the measured cooling capacity to be less than 1% off the rated capacity at 95 degrees F (35 degrees C) ambient temperature. The test results, after modification, indicate that LOF operation outperforms the baseline case over a wide ambient temperature range in terms of cooling capacity, power consumption, and system coefficient of performance (COP). At a 95 degrees F (35 degrees C) test point, LOF operation has a cooling capacity of 51,100 Btu per hour, which is an 18% improvement over the baseline operation capacity of 42,500 Btu per hour. The COP for LOF at 95 degrees F (35 degrees C) is 2.62, which is 29% better than the baseline COP of 2.03. However, an optimal refrigerant charge is essential for LOF to work properly. RP Mei, VC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 107 EP 112 PN 1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00010 ER PT B AU Walker, IS Wilson, DJ Forest, TW AF Walker, IS Wilson, DJ Forest, TW GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Wind shadow model for air infiltration sheltering by upwind obstacles SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 343 EP 343 PN 1 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00034 ER PT J AU Kosny, J Christian, JE Desjarlais, AO AF Kosny, J Christian, JE Desjarlais, AO GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Thermal breaking systems for metal study walls - Can metal study walls perform as well as wood study walls? SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Metal stud wall systems for residential buildings are gaining in popularity. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive metal studs degrade the thermal performance of such walls. Several wall configurations have been developed to improve their thermal performance. The authors tried to evaluate some of these wall systems. The thermal performance of metal stud walls is frequently compared with that of wood stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity It-value caused by the wood studs is about 10% in wood stud walls. In metal stud walls, thermal bridges generated by the metal components reduce their thermal performance by up to 55%. Today, metal stud wails are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar systems made of wood because steel has much higher thermal conductivity than wood Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is now widely recommended as the remedy for weak thermal performance of metal stud walls. A series of promising metal stud wall configurations was analyzed. Some of these walls were designed and rested by the authors, some were tested in other laboratories, and some were developed and forgotten a long rime ago. Several types of thermal breaking systems were used in these walls. Two- and three-dimensional finite-difference computer simulations were used to analyze 20 metal stud wall configurations. Also, a series of hot-box tests were conducted on several of these walls. Test results for 22 additional metal stud walls were analyzed. Most of these walls contained conventional metal studs. Commonly used fiberglass and EPS were used as insulation materials. The most promising metal stud wall configurations have reductions in the center-of-cavity R-values of less than 20%. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,BLDG TECHNOL CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 518 EP 536 PN 1 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00054 ER PT B AU Kosny, J Petrie, TW Christian, JE AF Kosny, J Petrie, TW Christian, JE GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Thermal bridges in roofs made of wood and light-gauge steel profiles SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Experimental measurements and three-dimensional thermal modeling were undertaken for several configurations of wood and metal truss roofs. The main goal of this work was to estimate the real effects of thermal shorts generated by wooden or metal structural components of roofs. The connection between roofs and walls is an important detail that needs to be considered to design thermally efficient roofs. It was found that, even for wooden roof structures, this detail has a significant impact on the overall thermal performance of the building envelope. Experiments were done on half the actual top of a single-wide manufactured home in a large-scale climate simulator. They showed that despite the use of high levels of insulation in the attic, the measured overall thermal performance of the roof system can be significantly lower than that through the center of the cavity. Several configurations with different insulations were examined, including ones using thin, powder-filled evacuated panels (PEPs) with high R-values. Three-dimensional thermal modeling, proven on wood- and metal-framed walls, was used to analyze the effect of thermal bridges and underinsulation. For wooden roof structures, replacement of the traditional roof/wall details by ones that are more thermally efficient can reduce local heat losses by about 10%. The same modeling techniques were used on details specific to roofs with metal infrastructures. For metal roof constructions; where highly conductive metal profiles are used, the reduction of the system R-value below the center-of-cavity R-value for the insulation can be even more extreme than that with wooden structures. Several reasons are apparent the most significant of which is thermal bridges created by the structural elements. Most of these bridges have a complicated thr ee-dimensional character. In metal constructions, local temperature gradients can be enhanced by strong thermal bridges and underinsulation. Thermal bridges generated by metal components of roofs can reduce the effective R-value of the structure by 50% to 75% of the nominal R-value of the insulation material used in the center of the cavity. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,BLDG TECHNOL CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 537 EP 549 PN 1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00055 ER PT B AU Sherman, MH Matson, N AF Sherman, MH Matson, N GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Residential ventilation and energy characteristics SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB The role of ventilation in the housing stock is to provide fresh air and to dilute internally generated pollutants in order to ensure adequate indoor air quality. Energy is required to provide this ventilation service, either directly to move the air or indirectly to condition the outdoor air for thermal comfort. Different kinds of ventilation systems have different energy requirements. Existing dwellings in the United States are ventilated primarily through leaks in the building shell tie., infiltration) rather than by mechanical ventilation systems. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain, from the best available data, the energy liability associated with providing the current levels of ventilation and to estimate the energy savings or penalties associated with tightening or loosening the building envelope while still providing ventilation for adequate indoor air quality. Various ASHRAE standards (e.g., 62, 119, and 136) are used to determine acceptable ventilation levels and energy requirements. Building characteristics, Energy use, and building tightness data are combined to estimate both the energy liabilities of ventilation and its dependence on building stock characteristics. The average annual ventilation energy load for a typical dwelling is about 61 GJ (roughly 50% of total space-conditioning energy load), the cost-effective savings potential is about 38 GJ. The national cost savings potential, by tightening the houses to the ASHRAE Standard 119 levels while still providing adequate ventilation through infiltration or mechanical ventilation, is $2.4 billion. The associated total annual ventilation energy load for the residential stock is about 4.5 EJ (ExaJoules). RP Sherman, MH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,ENERGY PERFORMANCE BLDG GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 717 EP 730 PN 1 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00069 ER PT J AU Butcher, TA Krajewski, R Leigh, R Celebi, Y Fisher, L Kamath, B AF Butcher, TA Krajewski, R Leigh, R Celebi, Y Fisher, L Kamath, B GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Residential oil burners with low input and two-stage firing SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB The residential oil burner market is currently dominated by the pressure-atomized retention head burner. At low firing rates, pressure-atomizing nozzles suffer rapid fouling of the small internal passages, leading to bad spray patterns and poor combustion performance. To overcome the low input limitations of conventional burners, a few-pressure air-atomized burner has been developed that can operate at firing rates, as low as 0.25 gallons of oil per hour (10 kW). In addition, the burner can be operated in a high/low firing rate mode. Field tests with this burner have been conducted at a fixed input rate of 0.35 gph (14 kW) with a sidewall vented boiler/water storage rank combination. At the test home, instrumentation was installed to measure fuel and energy flows and record trends in system temperatures. Laboratory efficiency testing with water heaters and boilers has been completed using standard single-purpose and combined appliance test procedures. The tests quantify benefits due to low firing rates and other burner features. A two-stage oil burner gains a strong advantage in rated efficiency while maintaining capacity for high domestic hot water and space-heating loads. RP Butcher, TA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 928 EP 935 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00089 ER PT B AU Klems, JH Warner, JL AF Klems, JH Warner, JL GP AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING & AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERS INC TI Solar heat gain coefficient of complex fenestrations with a venetian blind for differing slat tilt angles SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 1997, VOL 103, PT I SE ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY FEB 24-28, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Soc Heating Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Measured bidirectional transmittances and reflectances of a buff-colored venetian blind together with a layer calculation scheme developed in previous publications are utilized to produce directional-hemispherical properties for the venetian blind layer and solar heat gain coefficients for the blind in combination with clear double glazing. Results ave presented for three blind slat tilt angles and for the blind mounted either interior to the double glazing or between the glass panes. Implications of the results for solar heat gain calculations are discussed in the context of solar positions for St. Louis, Missouri. RP Klems, JH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 1997 VL 103 BP 1026 EP 1034 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJ30H UT WOS:A1997BJ30H00098 ER PT B AU Raine, DA Brenizer, JS AF Raine, DA Brenizer, JS GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI A scattering effect correction for high resolution neutron imaging techniques SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc AB A method of correcting for the scattering effects present in neutron radiographic and computed tomographic imaging has been developed. Prior work has shown that the beam, object, and imaging system geometry factors are the primary sources contributing to the degradation of neutron images. With objects smaller than two to four centimeters in width, the geometry factors are minimized and the effect of scattered neutrons becomes more important. The scattered neutron contribution to the image data is affected by several factors, including the pixel size of the system, the size of the object, the conversion material, and the beam energy spectrum The Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code, version 4A (MCNP4A) was used to separate and evaluate the relationship between the scattered neutrons and each of these parameters in the formation of neutron images. The simulations were used to develop a scattering correction algorithm which is easy to implement and requires no a priori knowledge of the object. The correction algorithm determines the Object Scatter Function (OSF) using the data outside the object projection and a three parameter Gaussian least squares fit. For objects smaller than one millimeter in width, the correction is well approximated by a constant function. Errors in the determination and correction of the MCNP simulated scattering were limited to less than five percent for most objects. These simulations also indicated that scattering does not play a significant role in blurring neutron radiographic and tomographic images. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Raine, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900019 ER PT B AU Raine, DA Hubbard, CR Whaley, PM Wright, MC Hutchinson, DP AF Raine, DA Hubbard, CR Whaley, PM Wright, MC Hutchinson, DP GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI Neutron radiography and computed tomography at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc AB The capability to perform neutron radiography and computed tomography is being developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The facility will be located at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), which has the highest steady state neutron flux of any reactor in the world. The Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP), versions 4A and 4B, has been used extensively in the design phase of the facility to predict and optimize the operating characteristics, and to ensure the safety of personnel working in and around the blockhouse. Neutrons are quite penetrating in most engineering materials and can be useful to detect internal flaws and features. Hydrogen atoms, such as in a hydrocarbon fuel, lubricant or a metal hydride, are relatively opaque to neutron transmission. Thus, neutron based tomography or radiography is ideal to image their presence. The source flux also provides unparalleled flexibility for future upgrades, including real-time radiography where dynamic processes can be observed. A novel tomography detector has been designed using optical fibers and digital technology to provide a large dynamic range for reconstructions. Film radiography is also available for high resolution imaging applicatons. This paper summarizes the results of the design phase of this facility and the potential benefits to science and industry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Raine, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900020 ER PT B AU Moore, DG Larson, BF AF Moore, DG Larson, BF GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI FAA fluorescent penetrant activities SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc AB The Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validation Center (AANC) and the Center for Aviation Systems Reliability (CASR) are currently working to develop a liquid penetrant inspection (LPI) system that will support the needs of the penetrant manufactures, commercial airline industry and the Federal Aviation Administration Hughes Technical Center. The main focus of this facility is to support the evaluation of penetrant inspection materials, penetrant systems and to apply resources to support industry needs. This paper discusses initial efforts to produce fatigue crack specimens which evaluate Type 1 penetrant sensitivities and create a penetrant inspection facility. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moore, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900028 ER PT B AU Moore, DG Murray, JD AF Moore, DG Murray, JD GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI Low-voltage radiography on aircraft composite doublers SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc AB Composite doubler technology is becoming an increasing tool for aircraft manufacturers designers and commercial users. The promise of cost savings on aircraft structures can lead to a wider use in the repair maintenance cycle. Before the use of composite doubler can be accepted by civil aviation industry, inspection techniques must be developed to verify the integrity of the doubler and the parent material under the doubler. The Federal Aviation Administration Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validation Center (AANC) is currently developing test methods which will inspect aircraft structures under composite doublers using low kilovoltage radiography. This paper will document radiographic techniques developed to give the best contrast in the radiographic image and reduce image distortion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fed Aviat Adm, Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moore, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fed Aviat Adm, Airworthiness Assurance NDI Validat Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 127 EP 129 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900032 ER PT B AU Fry, DA Valdez, JE Johnson, CS Kimerly, HJ Vananne, JR AF Fry, DA Valdez, JE Johnson, CS Kimerly, HJ Vananne, JR GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI A third generation mobile high energy radiography system SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fry, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop C914, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 130 EP 132 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900033 ER PT B AU Greenwood, M Skorpik, J Bamberger, J AF Greenwood, M Skorpik, J Bamberger, J GP AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC AMER SOC NONDESTRUCT TESTING INC TI On-line sensor to measure liquid density using reflection coefficients SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW: PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 20-24, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-068-5 PY 1997 BP 292 EP 294 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM59N UT WOS:000079196900078 ER PT B AU Korfhage, DE AF Korfhage, DE GP AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL TI Performance measurement for organization excellence SO ASQC'S 51ST ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Quality Control Congress of the American-Society-for-Quality-Control CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Qual Control DE continuous improvement; organizational alignment; performance indicators; performance software; performance tracking AB Companies today are finding it imperative to have measurements for their leading performance requirements and to be able to quantify improvement results. But managers are experiencing that the information available to them allows them no more than a "rear-view mirror" look at their company's performance. Once the data is available to them, it is old information, and mid-course corrections are often made late in the game. Managers need a dashboard rather than a rear-view mirror for their performance measurement system. This paper will demonstrate key elements of a performance measurement system designed to enable an organization to achieve excellence. Organizational excellence can only be achieved by aligning the company's strategic plan (vision and goals) to workgroup and individual performance measures, and to continuous improvement actions. This alignment can be accomplished through a well-designed performance measurement system. The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (1997 Award Criteria, page 3) defines "alignment" as the consistency of processes, actions, information, and decisions among company units in support of key companywide goals. Effective alignment requires common understanding of purposes and goals and use of complementary measures and information to enable planning, tracking, analysis, and improvement at three levels: the company level; the key process level; and the work unit level. The key elements that will be presented in this paper are the solutions to problems experienced by manufacturing, health care, and service companies in creating performance measurement systems that align their organizations. The solutions and ideas to these problems can be viewed as a collection of the best of practices, and can be used by other organizations as they design their own measurement tools and systems. This paper will also demonstrate how software can enable performance measures to be successfully deployed throughout an entire company, thus focusing all employees (CEO to front-line employees) on the achievement of the organization's vision and goals. C1 APS, Louisville, KY 40222 USA. RP Korfhage, DE (reprint author), APS, 8016 Vinecrest Ave, Louisville, KY 40222 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 1997 BP 8 EP 16 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BK34H UT WOS:000071845700002 ER PT B AU Gallin, E AF Gallin, E BE Kellogg, SL Kirk, EJ TI US-Russian international collaborative studies on health and radiation SO ASSESSING HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS FROM LONG-TERM RADIATION CONTAMINATION IN CHELYABINSK, RUSSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AAAS Annual Meeting Symposium on Assessing Health and Environmental Risks from Long-Term Radiation Contamination in Chelyabinsk, Russia CY FEB 12, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Assoc Adv Sci C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Gallin, E (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA BN 0-87168-600-7 PY 1997 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BL61K UT WOS:000076011700002 ER PT B AU Theiler, J Bloch, J AF Theiler, J Bloch, J BE Hunt, G Payne, HE TI Heuristic estimates of weighted binomial statistics for use in detecting rare point source transients SO ASTRONOMICAL DATA ANALYSIS SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS VI SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Conference on Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems CY SEP 22-26, 1996 CL OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA SP Natl Radio Astron Observ, Univ Virginia, Dept Astron & Comp Sci, Associated Univ Inc, European So Observ, Gemini 8m Telescopes Project, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, NASA, Natl Ctr Supercomp Appl, Natl Optical Astron Observ, Natl Res Council Canada, Natl Sci Fdn, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, GE Fanuc Automat, Sprint Communicat, Sun Microsyst Inc HO OMNI CHARLOTTESVILLE HOTEL AB The ALEXIS(1) (Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors) (Priedhorsky et al. 1989) satellite scans nearly half the sky every fifty seconds, and downlinks time-tagged photon data twice a day. The standard science quicklook processing produces over a dozen sky maps at each downlink, and these maps are automatically searched for potential transient point sources. We are interested only in highly significant point source detections, and, based on earlier Monte-Carlo studies (Roussel-Dupre et al. 1996), only consider p < 10(-7), which is about 5.2 "sigmas." Our algorithms are therefore required to operate on the far tail of the distribution, where many traditional approximations break down. Although an exact solution is available for the case of unweighted counts (Lampton 1994), the problem is more difficult in the case of weighted counts. We have found that a heuristic modification of a formula derived by Li & Ma (1983) provides reasonably accurate estimates of p-values for point source detections even for very low p-value detections. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Astrophys & Radiat Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Astrophys & Radiat Measurements Grp, MS-D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-45-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 125 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science GA BK80E UT WOS:000073444100035 ER PT J AU Tucker, DL Hasinger, G Lin, H AF Tucker, DL Hasinger, G Lin, H TI ROSAT public PSPC observations in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE catalogs; surveys; galaxies, active; galaxies, starburst; x-rays, galaxies AB The Las Campanas Redshift Survey, an optically selected survey which contains 26 418 galaxy redshifts, has been correlated with ''The First ROSAT Source Catalogue of Pointed Observations with the PSPC,'' which contains 50 408 sources from 2876 ROSAT pointed observations. Ten matches were found. The optical spectra of most of the ten matches show weak narrow emission lines. Due to their high x-ray luminosities, their high x-ray-to-optical flux ratios, and the evidence of rapid x-ray variability in the two brightest matches, we interpret the majority of these objects to be narrow-line Seyfert galaxies or ''hidden'' active galactic nuclei. Of the ten matches, only one galaxy shows the characteristics of a bona fide starburst. C1 ASTROPHYS INST POTSDAM,D-14482 POTSDAM,GERMANY. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT ASTRON,TORONTO,ON M5S 3H8,CANADA. RP Tucker, DL (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,MS 127,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 1997 VL 318 IS 3 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1002/asna.2113180302 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA XF739 UT WOS:A1997XF73900001 ER PT J AU Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Guern, JA Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Petterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Welch, DL AF Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Guern, JA Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Petterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Welch, DL TI Macho project photometry of RR Lyrae stars in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies, distances and redshifts; galaxies, individual (Sgr); galaxies, kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy, halo; Local Group; stars, variables, other (RR Lyrae) ID BAADE-WESSELINK METHOD; GALACTIC BULGE; METALLICITY; POPULATION; DISTANCES; VARIABLES; WINDOW AB We report the discovery of 30 type a, b RR Lyrae (RRab) stars that are likely members of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr). Accurate positions, periods, amplitudes, and magnitudes are presented. Their distances are determined with respect to RRab stars in the Galactic bulge found also in the MACHO 1993 data. For R(circle dot) = 8 kpc, the mean distance to these stars is D = 22 +/- 1 kpc, smaller than previous determinations for this galaxy. This indicates that Sgr has an elongated main body extending for more than 10 kpc, which is inclined along the line of sight, with its northern part (in Galactic coordinates) closer to us. The size and shape of Sgr give clues about the past history of this galaxy. If the shape of Sgr follows the direction of its orbit, the observed spatial orientation suggests that Sgr is moving away from the Galactic plane. Also, Sgr stars may be the sources of some of the microlensing events seen toward the bulge. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,MT STROMLO & SIDING SPRING OBSERV,WESTON,ACT 2611,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HAMILTON,ON L8S 4M1,CANADA. RP Alcock, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 474 IS 1 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1086/303467 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WA682 UT WOS:A1997WA68200017 ER PT J AU Minniti, D Meylan, G Pryor, C Phinney, ES Sams, B Tinney, CG AF Minniti, D Meylan, G Pryor, C Phinney, ES Sams, B Tinney, CG TI An unusual brightening of the eclipsing binary star AKO 9 in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae observed with the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries, eclipsing; globular clusters, individual (47 Tucanae, NGC 104) ID X-RAY SOURCES; 47-TUCANAE; CORE; MASS; PHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY; CATALOG AB Fifteen sequential images of the core of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae taken in ultraviolet light with the Hubble Space Telescope have revealed one star that increased in brightness by more than 2 mag in less than an hour. By the end of our observations, this star was the brightest object in the core of the cluster in our bandpass. Auriere et al. first cataloged this star as a blue object (AKO 9), considering it as a potential visible counterpart of the then still single X-ray source. Edmonds et al. found it to be an eclipsing binary, located in the color-magnitude diagram in the vicinity of the main-sequence turnoff. Possible causes for such a brightening are (1) a very large flare on a magnetically active star (RS CVn), (2) an increase in the brightness due to an accretion disk instability in a cataclysmic variable or (3) in a soft X-ray transient, or (4) a nova. There are arguments against every one of these possibilities, and more observations will be needed to understand this system. C1 EUROPEAN SO OBSERV,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRATERR PHYS,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. ANGLO AUSTRALIAN OBSERV,EPPING LAB,EPPING,NSW 2121,AUSTRALIA. RP Minniti, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,MS L-413,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 474 IS 1 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1086/310425 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA WA684 UT WOS:A1997WA68400007 ER PT J AU Dalgarno, A Stancil, PC Lepp, S AF Dalgarno, A Stancil, PC Lepp, S TI Molecules and dust in supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Dust and Molecules in Evolved Stars CY MAR 24-27, 1997 CL UMIST, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND HO UMIST ID SN 1987A; RADIATIVE ASSOCIATION; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; SILICON MONOXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MU-M; SN-1987A; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; CONTINUUM AB Observations of molecules and dust in supernova SN 1987a and SN 1995ad are summarised and the inferred masses of CO and SiO are presented. The chemistry is used to argue that macroscopic mixing occurred in which the interpenetrating clumps in the ejecta retained their microscopic integrity. An explanation of the anomalous temperature structure is advanced. Molecular candidates for some of the unidentified spectral features are proposed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 1997 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1023/A:1000752015623 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YU829 UT WOS:000071760200079 ER PT B AU Hojvat, C AF Hojvat, C BE Novak, G Landsberg, RH TI The Pierre Auger Observatory SO ASTROPHYSICS FROM ANTARCTICA SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASP Summer Scientific Symposium Conference on Astrophysics from Antarctica CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Astron Soc Pacific, Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Astrophys Res Antarctica AB The Pierre Auger Observatory is an international collaboration for the detailed study of the highest energy cosmic rays. It will operate at two similar sites, one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern hemisphere. The Observatory is designed to collect a statistically significant data set of events with energies greater than 10(20)eV and with equal exposures for the northern and southern skies. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hojvat, C (reprint author), Fermilab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-61-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1997 VL 141 BP 344 EP 348 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL74N UT WOS:000076534200038 ER PT S AU Tall, A Sharp, D Zhong, S Hayek, T MasucciMagoulas, L Rubin, EM Breslow, JL AF Tall, A Sharp, D Zhong, S Hayek, T MasucciMagoulas, L Rubin, EM Breslow, JL BE Numano, F Ross, R TI Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and atherogenesis SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS IV: RECENT ADVANCES IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS RESEARCH: THE FOURTH SARATOGA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atherosclerosis IV - Recent Advances in Atherosclerosis Research, at the 4th Saratoga International Conference on Atherosclerosis CY FEB 06-08, 1996 CL HI SP Tokyo Med & Dental Univ, Japan Arteriosclerosis Soc, Japan Angiol Soc, Japan Heart Fdn, Japan Arteriosclerosis Res Fdn ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; TRANSGENIC MICE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; DEFICIENCY; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; MUTATION; DISEASE; GENE C1 KUAKINI MED CTR, HONOLULU HEART PROGRAM, HONOLULU, HI 96817 USA. FED DRUG ADM, CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES, DIV CELLULAR & GENE THERAPIES, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL, RAMBAM MED CTR, FAC MED, IL-31096 HAIFA, ISRAEL. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV CELL & MOL BIOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. ROCKEFELLER UNIV, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. RP Tall, A (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV, DEPT MED, DIV MOL MED, 630 W 168TH ST, PH 8 101, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. RI Breslow, Jan/B-7544-2008 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-022-0 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 811 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52000.x PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BH93V UT WOS:A1997BH93V00018 PM 9186596 ER PT J AU Keating, GA McKone, TE Gillett, JW AF Keating, GA McKone, TE Gillett, JW TI Measured and estimated air concentrations of chloroform in showers: Effects of water temperature and aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE shower; chloroform; volatilization; indoor air; aerosols; water ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; VOLATILIZATION AB Air concentrations of chloroform (CHCl3) in an experimental shower chamber were compared with estimates predicted by determining CHCl3 loss between the shower nozzle and drain and treating the shower chamber as a single, well-mixed compartment. CHCl3 water-to-air transfer efficiencies for experimental nozzles producing droplets of 1800 and 300 mu m diameters were 0.90 and 0.80, respectively, and 0.65 for a standard domestic shower nozzle. Significant differences were observed in the transfer efficiencies when the experimental nozzles were operated at 35 and 45 degrees C but not when the standard nozzle was operated in either jet or spray flow at 40 degrees C. Aerosol concentrations were measured continuously with a hot-wire probe and ranged between 3000 and 17,000 aerosols/cm(3) for the three nozzles. Measured air concentrations showed variable agreement with predicted values; under certain conditions, air concentrations were between 10 and 50% less than the predicted values. These discrepancies were observed at the highest aerosol concentrations and when peak aerosol concentrations occurred between 2 and 4 min of the 10 min shower. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CORNELL UNIV,INST COMPARAT & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,ITHACA,NY 14850. RP Keating, GA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-396,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00227-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VT413 UT WOS:A1997VT41300001 ER PT J AU Dulin, VA Spriggs, GD AF Dulin, VA Spriggs, GD TI On the Rossi-alpha measurement of beta(eff) in reflected reactors SO ATOMIC ENERGY LA English DT Article C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Dulin, VA (reprint author), INST PHYS & POWER ENGN,BONDARENKO SQ,OBNINSK,KALUGA REGION,RUSSIA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1063-4258 J9 ATOM ENERGY+ JI Atom. Energy PD JAN PY 1997 VL 82 IS 1 BP 68 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF02415464 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XN678 UT WOS:A1997XN67800014 ER PT B AU Howard, AJ Rye, RR Kjoller, K AF Howard, AJ Rye, RR Kjoller, K BE Cohen, SH Lightbody, ML TI Characterization of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces by atomic force microscopy - Results and artifacts SO ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY/SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Natick-Research-Development-and-Engineering-Center of US-Army-Soldier-System-Command Atomic Force Microscopy/Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (AFM/STM) Symposium CY JUN 07-09, 1994 CL NATICK, MA SP USA Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr AB The surfaces of virgin and chemically etched poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in both contact and tapping modes. While attempting to perform AFM in contact mode on this relatively soft polymeric material, tip-induced imaging artifacts (presumably due to blunt tips and tip-to-surface interactions) were identified when the results were compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface images. When subsequent AFM imaging was performed in tapping mode it was apparent that these tip-induced artifacts were eliminated. Comparable tapping mode AFM and SEM images were obtained for even the highly porous, unstable surface that results from sodium naphthalenide etching of PTFE. AFM imaging in tapping mode of virgin and etched PTFE surfaces shows the three-dimensional character of the etched surface necessary for mechanical interlocking and resultant strong adhesion. RP Howard, AJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 0603,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45596-X PY 1997 BP 107 EP 113 PG 3 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA BH52R UT WOS:A1997BH52R00013 ER PT S AU Pennycook, SJ Nellist, PD Chisholm, MF Browning, ND Wallis, DJ Dickey, EC AF Pennycook, SJ Nellist, PD Chisholm, MF Browning, ND Wallis, DJ Dickey, EC BE Smith, DJ TI Determination of atomic structure at surfaces and interfaces by high-resolution stem SO ATOMIC RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Dickey, Elizabeth/A-3368-2011; OI Dickey, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4005-7872; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-370-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 466 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BJ67H UT WOS:A1997BJ67H00001 ER PT S AU Campbell, GH King, WE Cohen, D Carter, CB AF Campbell, GH King, WE Cohen, D Carter, CB BE Smith, DJ TI Quantitative high resolution electron microscopy of grain boundaries SO ATOMIC RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The Sigma 11 (113)/[1(1) over dot 0] symmetric tilt grain boundary has been characterized by high resolution trans mission electron microscopy. The method by which the images are prepared for analysis is described. The statistics of the image data have been found to follow a normal distribution. The electron-optical imaging parameters used to acquire the image have been determined by non-linear least-square image simulation optimization within the perfect crystal region of the micrograph. A similar image simulation optimization procedure is used to determine the atom positions which provide the best match between the experimental image and the image simulation. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CHEM & MAT SCI DIRECTORATE,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-370-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 466 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BJ67H UT WOS:A1997BJ67H00019 ER PT S AU Medlin, DL Foiles, SM Carter, CB AF Medlin, DL Foiles, SM Carter, CB BE Smith, DJ TI Grain boundary dislocation structure and motion in an aluminum Sigma=3 [0(1)over-bar1] bicrystal SO ATOMIC RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations are presented of a/3[111] grain-boundary dislocations in an aluminum Sigma=3[0 (1) over bar 1] bicrystal. These dislocations are present on both (111) (coherent twin) and (2 (1) over bar (1) over bar) (incoherent twin) facets of the bicrystal boundary. The dislocations on the coherent twin facet migrate by a climb process that increases the thickness of the twinned material. These dislocations originate on a Sigma=3 (2 (1) over bar (1) over bar) incoherent twin boundary where they are closely spaced and dissociated in a wide core configuration. Atomistic calculations of the defect structure and interaction of multiple a/3 [111] grain boundary dislocations are discussed. RP Medlin, DL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-370-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 466 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BJ67H UT WOS:A1997BJ67H00020 ER PT S AU Hetherington, CJD Dahmen, U Penisson, JM AF Hetherington, CJD Dahmen, U Penisson, JM BE Smith, DJ TI Atomic structure of interfaces in mazed Au bicrystals SO ATOMIC RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Thin films of (111) Au have been grown on (111) Ge substrates. The film grows epitaxially in two crystallographically equivalent orientations, (111) and ((1) over bar (1) over bar (1) over bar). After annealing, the film is removed from the substrate and the resulting bicrystal appears as a maze of domains with faceted boundaries mainly of type (112). The high density of edge-on interfaces in the films makes them well suited to electron microscopy. In the (111) orientation, the 1.44 Angstrom spacing of the (220) lattice planes tests the high resolution capabilities of the latest microscopes. The nature of the Au (111) film contrasts with that of films grown using different materials or different substrates and was found to have a three-dimensional character with the occurrence of extensive twinning on (111) in the plane of the film. Areas were found to thin considerably in the high voltage electron microscope and interfaces in these regions were analyzed and rigid body translations across the facets measured. The existence of distinct rigid body translations across neighboring facets is of particular interest. RP Hetherington, CJD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-370-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 466 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BJ67H UT WOS:A1997BJ67H00034 ER PT S AU Ross, FM Kilaas, R Snoeck, E Hytch, M Thorel, A Normand, L AF Ross, FM Kilaas, R Snoeck, E Hytch, M Thorel, A Normand, L BE Smith, DJ TI Quantitative analysis of displacement at 90 degrees domain boundaries in BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 SO ATOMIC RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY OF SURFACES AND INTERFACES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Resolution Microscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this paper we discuss the measurement of long range displacement fields associated with 90 degrees domain boundaries in the ferroelectric ceramics BaTiO3 and PbTiO3. We have calculated displacement fields from high resolution lattice images by two techniques: firstly, measuring the positions of peaks in the images, and secondly, using a geometric phase analysis technique to magnify small lattice distortions. We describe the results and consider the complementary use of Fresnel contrast analysis to characterize local strain and electric fields near the boundaries. RP Ross, FM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NATL CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-370-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 466 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BJ67H UT WOS:A1997BJ67H00038 ER PT J AU Bass, DA TenKate, LB AF Bass, DA TenKate, LB TI Stability of low-concentration calibration standards for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) is used for the determination of ultra-trace metals in a wide variety of materials such as alloys, biological fluids and tissues, pure solvents and solutions, organic extracts, and environmental samples. The Statement of Work (SOW) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) requires that low-concentration calibration standards ''be prepared fresh daily or each time an analysis is made and discarded after use.'' This requirement results in significant cost to laboratories for chemicals, labor, and waste management. While EPA SW-846 is less prescriptive than CLP SOW, laboratories often follow the CLP requirements because criteria regarding the stability of GFAAS standards have not been established. The objective of our study was to determine the stability of both single and mixed analyte GFAAS standards for analytes commonly determined in our laboratory. Data were collected over nine months. The results show that GFAAS standards for Sb, Pb, Se, Ag, and Tl are stable for a longer period than currently assumed by the CLP SOW. Reducing the frequency at which these standards are prepared will increase efficiency and reduce the handling of hazardous substances, the quantity of hazardous waste generated, and the quantity of hazardous substances that must be ordered and stocked by the laboratory. These benefits will lead to improved safety, lowered costs, and reduced environmental concerns. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ANALYT CHEM LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI NORWALK PA 761 MAIN AVE, NORWALK, CT 06859-0105 SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA WK853 UT WOS:A1997WK85300001 ER PT S AU Kulander, KC Schafer, KJ AF Kulander, KC Schafer, KJ BE Cederbaum, LS Kulander, KC March, NH TI Time-dependent calculations of electron and photon emission from an atom in an intense laser field SO ATOMS AND MOLECULES IN INTENSE FIELDS SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review ID ORDER HARMONIC-GENERATION; PULSE MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; ENERGY ANALYSIS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; XENON; STATES AB A numerical method for solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for a one-electron atomic system in an intense, short-pulsed laser field is presented. An effective potential formalism is proposed and tested for representing the excitation of the valence electrons in rare gases. Results for ion production yields, photoelectron distributions and harmonic conversion are presented and compared to recent experimental results. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. RP Kulander, KC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, PHYS DIRECTORATE, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 3-540-61015-4 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 1997 VL 86 BP 149 EP 172 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BG91R UT WOS:A1997BG91R00006 ER PT J AU Burden, CJ Qian, L Roberts, CD Tandy, PC Thomson, MJ AF Burden, CJ Qian, L Roberts, CD Tandy, PC Thomson, MJ TI Meson spectrum from the Bethe-Salpeter equation SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Japan/Australia Workshop CY NOV 15-24, 1995 CL UNIV ADELAIDE, ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP Inst Theoret Phys, Univ Adelaide HO UNIV ADELAIDE ID QUARK AB We present details of a model for calculating the mass spectrum of light-quark mesons and decay constants of the pseudoscalar meson octet from a phenomenological model based on Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations. In this model the Bethe-Salpeter kernel is approximated by a separable ansatz obtained from input quark propagators. C1 KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KENT,OH 44242. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV MELBOURNE,SCH PHYS,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. RP Burden, CJ (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH PHYS SCI & ENGN,DEPT THEORET PHYS,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. RI Burden, Conrad/D-5556-2016; OI Burden, Conrad/0000-0003-0015-319X; Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WE325 UT WOS:A1997WE32500011 ER PT J AU Fewell, MP Shore, BW Bergmann, K AF Fewell, MP Shore, BW Bergmann, K TI Coherent population transfer among three states: Full algebraic solutions and the relevance of non adiabatic processes to transfer by delayed pulses SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; 3-LEVEL SYSTEM DRIVEN; 3-STATE MODEL DRIVEN; 2 LASER-BEAMS; MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS; ABSORPTION PROPERTIES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; MAGNETIC SUBLEVELS; ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS; TRANSITIONS AB Ongoing work aimed at developing highly efficient methods of populating a chosen sublevel of an energy level highlights the need to understand off-resonant effects in coherent excitation. This motivated us to re-examine some aspects of the theory of coherent excitation in a three-state system with a view to obtaining algebraic expressions for off-resonant eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Earlier work gives simple closed-form expressions for the eigenvalues this system, expressions applying even when the system is not on two-photon resonance. We present here expressions of similar simplicity for the components of the normalised eigenvectors. The analytic properties of these components explain the observed sensitivity of the stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage process (STIRAP) to the condition of two-photon resonance. None of the eigenstates is 'trapped' or 'dark' unless the system is on two-photon resonance; off resonance, all states have nonzero projections on the unperturbed intermediate state. A simple argument shows that no dressed state can be adiabatically connected to both the unperturbed initial and final states when the system is off two-photon resonance. That is, adiabatic transfer from initial to final state requires that these be degenerate before and after the STIRAP pulse sequence, and this implies zero two-photon detuning. However, substantial transfer probabilities are observed experimentally for very small two-photon detunings. We show that such systems are characterised by very sharp avoided crossings of two eigenvalues, and that the observed population transfer can be understood as an effect of non adiabatic transitions occurring at the avoided crossings. C1 UNIV NEW ENGLAND,DEPT PHYS,ARMIDALE,NSW 2351,AUSTRALIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Fewell, MP (reprint author), UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH PHYS,POSTFACH 3049,D-67653 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. RI BERGMANN, KLAAS/D-5543-2011 NR 65 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 1997 VL 50 IS 2 BP 281 EP 308 PG 28 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WR365 UT WOS:A1997WR36500002 ER PT J AU Campbell, L Brunger, MJ Teubner, PJO Mojarrabi, B Cartwright, DC AF Campbell, L Brunger, MJ Teubner, PJO Mojarrabi, B Cartwright, DC TI Deconvolution of overlapping features in electron energy-loss spectra: Determination of absolute differential cross sections for electron-impact excitation of electronic states of molecules SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Low Energy Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Physics, in Celebration of the 70th Birthday of Professor Robert W Crompton CY JUN 14, 1996 CL AUSTRALIAN ACAD SCI, CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA HO AUSTRALIAN ACAD SCI ID SCATTERING AB A set of three computer programs is reported which allow for the deconvolution of overlapping molecular electronic state structure in electron energy-loss spectra, even in highly perturbed systems. This procedure enables extraction of absolute differential cross sections for electron-impact excitation of electronic states of diatomic molecules from electron energy-loss spectra; The first code in the sequence uses the Rydberg-Klein-Rees procedure to generate potential energy curves from spectroscopic constants, and the second calculates Franck-Condon factors by numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation, given the potential energy curves. The third, given these Franck-Condon factors, the previously calculated relevant energies for the vibrational levels of the respective electronic states (relative to the nu '' = 0 level of the ground electronic state) and the experimental energy-loss spectra, extracts the differential cross sections for each state. Each program can be run independently, or the three can run in sequence to determine these cross sections from the spectroscopic constants and the experimental energy-loss spectra. The application of these programs to the specific case of electron scattering from nitric oxide (NO) is demonstrated. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Campbell, L (reprint author), FLINDERS UNIV S AUSTRALIA,DEPT PHYS,GPO BOX 2100,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9506 J9 AUST J PHYS JI Aust. J. Phys. PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 525 EP 537 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XC107 UT WOS:A1997XC10700006 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Chen, JW Percy, RG Zeiger, E AF Lu, ZM Chen, JW Percy, RG Zeiger, E TI Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area in two cotton species (Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum) and their relation with heat resistance and yield SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN PIMA COTTON; REGISTRATION; TEMPERATURE; LEAVES AB Gossypium barbadense L. (Pima) and Gossypium hirsutum L. (upland) cottons are the two major fibre producing species grown in the south-western United States, where lint yields are adversely affected by high temperatures. In these environments, heat-adapted upland cultivars show higher yields and heat resistance than advanced Pima cultivars. Recent studies with an historical series of commercial Pima cultivars have shown that increases in lint yield and heat resistance are tightly coupled to increases in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and to decreases in leaf area. In the present study, Pima S-6 and Pima S-7 (advanced Pima cultivars) and Deltapine 90 (advanced upland cultivar) were compared under field and laboratory conditions to determine whether the physiological and morphological gradients found in the Pima historical series extrapolate to upland cotton. In the field, Deltapine 90 showed 25-35% higher stomatal conductance, 35-50% higher photosynthetic rate and 45% smaller leaf area than Pima S-6. The higher photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of Deltapine 90 leaves were partially related to their sun-tracking ability. In gas exchange experiments that prevented sun-tracking, the two cultivars had comparable photosynthetic rate as a function of incident radiation, while stomatal conductance was higher in upland cotton. In the 25-35 degrees C range, photosynthetic rate as a function of temperature remained nearly constant in both cultivars, and was higher in upland cotton at all temperatures. Stomatal conductance showed a strong temperature-dependence, and conductance value and the slope of the stomatal response to temperature were higher in Deltapine 90. In progeny from a cross between Deltapine 90 and Pima S-7, the segregation of stomatal conductance in F-1 and F-2 populations showed a clear genetic component. These results indicate that the differences in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area associated with increases in lint yield and heat resistance in the Pima historical series are also evident in a comparison between advanced cultivars of upland and Pima cotton. Upland cotton could je used as a source of genetic variation for high stomatal conductance in Pima breeding programs. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,UCLA DOE LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. ARS,USDA,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1997 VL 24 IS 5 BP 693 EP 700 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YK262 UT WOS:A1997YK26200017 ER PT S AU Codenotti, B Ergun, F Gemmell, P Kumar, SR AF Codenotti, B Ergun, F Gemmell, P Kumar, SR BE Degano, P Gorrieri, R MarchettiSpaccamela, A TI Checking properties of polynomials SO AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Colloquium on Algorithm, Languages and Programming (ICALP 97) CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP UN, Educ Sci & Cultural Org, Venice Off, Italian Natl Council Res, CNR, GNIM, CNR, IEI, Univ Bologna, Univ Pisa, Univ Roma La Sapienza, Regione Emilia Romagna, TELECOM Italia, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev AB In this paper we show how to construct efficient checkers for programs that supposedly compute properties of polynomials. The properties we consider are roots, norms, and other analytic/algebraic functions of polynomials. In our model, both the program II and the polynomial p are available to the checker each as a black box. We show how to check programs that compute a specific root (e.g., the largest) or a subset of roots of the given polynomial. The checkers, in addition to never computing the root(s) themselves, strive to minimize both the running time (preferably o(deg(2) p)) and the number of black box evaluations of p (preferably o(deg p)). We obtain deterministic checkers when a separation bound between the roots is known and probabilistic checkers when the roots can be arbitrarily close. We then extend the checkers to handle the situations when the program II returns an approximation to the root and when the evaluation of the polynomial p is approximate. Our results translate into efficient checkers for matrix spectra computations both in the exact and approximate settings, operating in the library model of [BLR93]. Next we show that the usual characterization of norms using the triangle inequality is not suited for self-testing in the exact case, but surprisingly, could be used in the approximate case. Our results are complementary to most of the existing results on testing polynomials. The testers in the latter have the goal of determining whether a program computes a polynomial of given degree, whereas we are interested in checking the properties of a given polynomial. C1 CNR, IMC, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Codenotti, B (reprint author), CNR, IMC, Via S Maria 46, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. EM codenotti@imc.pi.cnr.it; ergun@cs.cornell.edu; psgemme@cs.sandia.gov; ravi@cs.cornell.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-63165-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1256 BP 203 EP 213 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL41H UT WOS:000075412600020 ER PT S AU Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Ravi, R Ravi, SS Sundaram, R Wirth, HC AF Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Ravi, R Ravi, SS Sundaram, R Wirth, HC BE Degano, P Gorrieri, R MarchettiSpaccamela, A TI Improving spanning trees by upgrading nodes SO AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Colloquium on Algorithm, Languages and Programming (ICALP 97) CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP UN, Educ Sci & Cultural Org, Venice Off, Italian Natl Council Res, CNR, GNIM, CNR, IEI, Univ Bologna, Univ Pisa, Univ Roma La Sapienza, Regione Emilia Romagna, TELECOM Italia, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID NETWORK AB We study budget constrained optimal network upgrading problems. We are given an edge weighted graph G = (V, E) where node v is an element of V can be upgraded at a cost of c(v). This upgrade reduces the delay of each link emanating from v. The goal is to find a minimum cost set of nodes to be upgraded so that the resulting network has a good performance. We consider two performance measures, namely, the weight of a minimum spanning' tree and the bottleneck weight of a minimum bottleneck spanning tree, and present approximation algorithms. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, GSIA, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Krumke, SO (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-63165-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1256 BP 281 EP 291 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BL41H UT WOS:000075412600027 ER PT B AU Stroud, PD Gordon, RC AF Stroud, PD Gordon, RC BE Sadjadi, FA TI Automated military unit identification in battlefield simulation SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automatic Target Recognition VII CY APR 22-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB It is the nature of complex systems, composed of many interacting elements, that unanticipated phenomena develop. Computer simulation, in which the elements of a complex system are implemented as interacting software objects (actors), is an effective tool to study collective and emergent phenomena in complex systems. A new cognitive architecture is described for constructing simulation actors that can, like the intelligent elements they represent, adapt to unanticipated conditions. This cognitive architecture generates trial behaviors, estimates their fitness using an internal representation of the system, and has an internal apparatus for evolving a population of trial behaviors to changing environmental conditions. A specific simulation actor is developed to evaluate surveillance radar images of moving vehicles on battlefields. The vehicle cluster location, characterization and discrimination processes currently performed by intelligent human operators were implemented into a parameterized formation recognition process by using a newly developed family of 2D cluster filters. The mechanics of these cluster filters are described. Preliminary results are presented in which this GSM actor demonstrates the ability not only to recognize military formations under prescribed conditions, but to adapt its behavior to unanticipated conditions that develop in the complex simulated battlefield system. RP Stroud, PD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-F607,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2484-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3069 BP 375 EP 386 DI 10.1117/12.277125 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ16U UT WOS:A1997BJ16U00038 ER PT B AU Chen, HW Aine, C Flynn, E Wood, CC AF Chen, HW Aine, C Flynn, E Wood, CC BE Lakshminarayanan, V TI Modeling magno- and parvo-like contributions from contrast-response functions using neuromagnetic measures SO BASIC AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF VISION SCIENCE: THE PROFESSOR JAY M ENOCH FESTSCHRIFT VOLUME SE DOCUMENTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enoch Vision Science Symposium (EnochFest) CY APR 27-30, 1996 CL BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Berkeley Sch Optometry, Alcon Labs Inc, Allergan Inc, Drs David & Eileen Birch, Family Raymond Eng, Heidelberg Engn Inc, Hoya Corp, Dr Donald Korb, Nidek Corp, Dr Hitoshi Ohzu, Opt Werke g Rodenstock, Pentax Asahi Opt Co, Retina Fdn Southwest, Smith Kettlewell Eye Res Inst, Dr Shinichi Yamade, Dr Tetsushi Yasuma, Welch Allyn Inc, Dr Irvin M Borish, Dr Edward Revelli AB In out recent study [1], we have measured the spatial frequency (SF) tuning functions as well as the contrast-response (CR) functions at different contrast levels (from near threshold to suprathreshold) and different eccentricities of the visual field in humans using noninvasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) techniques. In the current study, the estimated CR functions and SF tuning curves were further fitted by a two-stream (M & P) model for all 4 subjects at 3 different eccentricities. The 5 parameters in equation (2) for each of the M- and P-like systems were also estimated. RP Chen, HW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOPHYS GRP,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4348-4 J9 DOC OPHTH P PY 1997 VL 60 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA BH34E UT WOS:A1997BH34E00022 ER PT S AU Siemann, RH AF Siemann, RH BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Spectral analysis of relativistic bunched beams SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR RP Siemann, RH (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 3 EP 22 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00001 ER PT S AU Spieler, H AF Spieler, H BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Introduction to radiation-resistant semiconductor devices and circuits SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB This tutorial paper provides an overview of design considerations for semiconductor radiation detectors and electronics in high-radiation environments. Problems specific to particle accelerator applications are emphasized and many of the presented results originated in extensive studies of radiation effects in large-scale particle detectors for the SSC and LHC. Basic radiation damage mechanisms in semiconductor devices are described and specifically linked to electronic parameter changes in detectors, transistors, and integrated circuits. Mitigation techniques are discussed and examples presented to illustrate how the choice of system architecture, circuit topology, and device technology, can extend the range of operation to particle fluences >10(14) cm(-2) and ionizing doses >100 Mrad. RP Spieler, H (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV PHYS,MS 50B-6208,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 23 EP 49 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00002 ER PT S AU Smith, SR AF Smith, SR BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Beam position monitor engineering SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The design of beam position monitors often involves challenging system design choices. Position transducers must be robust, accurate, and generate adequate position signal without unduly disturbing the beam. Electronics must be reliable and affordable, usually while meeting tough requirements on precision, accuracy, and dynamic range. These requirements may be difficult to achieve simultaneously, leading the designer into interesting opportunities for optimization or compromise. Some useful techniques and tools are shown. Both finite element analysis and analytic techniques will be used to investigate quasi-static aspects of electromagnetic fields such as the impedance of and the coupling of beam to striplines or buttons. Finite-element tools will be used to understand dynamic aspects of the electromagnetic fields of beams, such as wake fields and transmission-line and cavity effects in vacuum-to-air feedthroughs. Mathematical modeling of electrical signals through a processing chain will be demonstrated, in particular to illuminate areas where neither a pure time-domain nor a pure frequency-domain analysis is obviously advantageous. Emphasis will be on calculational techniques, in particular on using both lime domain and frequency domain approaches to the applicable parts of interesting problems. RP Smith, SR (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,CONTROLS DEPT,POB 4349,MS 50,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 50 EP 65 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00003 ER PT S AU Corlett, JN AF Corlett, JN BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Impedance of accelerator components SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB As demands for high luminosity and low emittance particle beams increase, an understanding of the electromagnetic interaction of these beams with their vacuum chamber environment becomes more important in order to maintain the quality of the beam. This interaction is described in terms of the wake field in time domain, and the beam impedance in frequency domain. These concepts are introduced, and related quantities such as the loss Factor are presented. The broadband Q=1 resonator impedance model is discussed. Perturbation and coaxial wire methods of measurement of real components are reviewed. RP Corlett, JN (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR BEAM PHYS,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 66 EP 86 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00004 ER PT S AU Fessenden, TJ AF Fessenden, TJ BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Diagnostics for induction accelerators SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The induction accelerator was conceived by N. C. Christofilos and first realized as the Astron accelerator that operated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) from the early 1960s to the end of 1975. This accelerator generated electron beams at energies near 6 MeV with typical currents of 600 Amperes. in 400-ns pulses. The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) built at Livermore's Site 300 produced 10,000-Ampere beams with pulse widths of 70 ns at energies approaching 50 MeV. Several other electron and ion induction accelerators have been fabricated at LLNL and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This paper reviews the principal diagnostics developed through efforts by scientists at both laboratories for measuring the current, position, energy, and emittance of beams generated by these high-current, short-pulse accelerators. Many of these diagnostics are closely related to those developed for other accelerators. However, the very fast and intense current pulses often require special diagnostic techniques and considerations. The physics and design of the more unique diagnostics developed for electron induction accelerators are presented and discussed in detail. RP Fessenden, TJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT ACCELERATOR FUS & ENERGY 47 112,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 110 EP 129 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00006 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH AF Lumpkin, AH BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Commissioning results of the APS storage ring diagnostics systems SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Initial commissionings of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) 7-GeV storage ring and its diagnostics systems have been done. Early studies involved single-bunch measurements for beam transverse size (sigma(x) approximate to 150 mu m, sigma(y) approximate to 50 mu m), current, injection losses, and bunch length. The diagnostics have been used in studies related to the detection of an extra contribution to beam jitter at similar to 6.5 Hz frequency; observation of bunch lengthening to (sigma approximate to 30 to 60 ps) with single-bunch current; observation of an induced vertical, head-tail instability; and detection of a small orbit change with insertion device gap position. More recently, operations at 100-mA stored-beam current, the baseline design goal, have been achieved with the support of beam characterizations. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,APS,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 401,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 152 EP 172 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00008 ER PT S AU Barry, W AF Barry, W BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Measurement of subpicosecond bunch profiles using coherent transition radiation SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB A technique for measuring the longitudinal profile of subpicosecond electron bunches based on autocorrelation of coherent transition radiation is reviewed. The technique uses sub-millimeter/far-infrared Michelson interferometry to obtain the autocorrelation of transition radiation emitted from a thin conducting foil placed in the beam path. The theory of coherent radiation from a charged particle beam passing through a thin conducting foil is presented for normal and oblique incidence. Michelson interferometric analysis of this radiation is shown to provide the autocorrelation of longitudinal bunch profile. The details of a noninvasive technique for measuring longitudinal bunch profile using coherent diffraction radiation are discussed. RP Barry, W (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CBP DEPT,MS 71-259,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 173 EP 185 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00009 ER PT S AU Steimel, J Crisp, J Ma, HJ Marriner, J McGinnis, D AF Steimel, J Crisp, J Ma, HJ Marriner, J McGinnis, D BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Overview of coupled-bunch active damper systems at FNAL SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Beam intensities in all of the accelerators at Fermilab will increase significantly when the Main Injector becomes operational and will cause unstable oscillations in transverse position and energy. Places where the coupled bunch oscillations could dilute emittances include the Booster, Main Injector, and Tevatron. This paper provides an overview of the active feedback system upgrades which will be used to counteract the problem. It will explain the similarities between all the systems and will also explain design differences between longitudinal and transverse systems, fast sweeping systems, and systems for partially filled machines. Results from operational systems will also be shown. RP Steimel, J (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,ACCELERATOR DIV PROTON SOURCE,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00011 ER PT S AU Fox, JD Claus, R Hindi, H Linscott, I Prabhakar, S Ross, W Teytelman, D Drago, A Serio, M Byrd, J Corlett, J Stover, G AF Fox, JD Claus, R Hindi, H Linscott, I Prabhakar, S Ross, W Teytelman, D Drago, A Serio, M Byrd, J Corlett, J Stover, G BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Observation, control, and modal analysis of longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities in the ALS via a digital feedback system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The operation of a longitudinal multibunch damping system using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques is shown via measurements from the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) Advanced Light Source (ALS). The feedback system (developed for use by PEP-II, ALS, and DA Phi NE) uses a parallel array of signal processors to implement a bunch-by-bunch feedback system for sampling rates up to 500 MHz. The programmable DSP system allows feedback control as well as accelerator diagnostics. A diagnostic technique is illustrated which uses the DSP system to excite and then damp the beam. The resulting 12-ms time domain transient is Fourier analyzed to provide the simultaneous measurement of growth rates and damping rates of all unstable coupled-bunch beam modes. RP Fox, JD (reprint author), SLAC,DEPT PEP 2,BIN 18,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 207 EP 214 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00012 ER PT S AU Wang, XJ BenZvi, I AF Wang, XJ BenZvi, I BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI High-brightness electron beam diagnostics at the ATF SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) is a dedicated user facility for accelerator physicists. Its design is optimized to explore laser acceleration and coherent radiation production. To characterize the low-emittance, picoseconds-long electron beam produced by the ATF's photocathode rf gun, we have installed electron beam profile monitors for transverse emittance measurement and developed a new technique to measure electron beam pulse length by chirping the electron beam energy. We have also developed a new technique to measure the ps slice emittance of a 10-ps-long electron beam. Stripline beam position monitors were installed along the beam to monitor the electron beam position and intensity. A stripline beam position monitor was also used to monitor the timing jitter between the rf system and laser pulses. Transition radiation was used to measure electron beam energy, beam profile, and electron beam bunch length. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NSLS,ACCELERATOR TEST FACIL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 232 EP 239 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00015 ER PT S AU Keller, R Renner, T Massoletti, DJ AF Keller, R Renner, T Massoletti, DJ BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Electron beam diagnostics using synchrotron radiation at the advanced light source SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Synchrotron light emitted from a bend magnet is being used to diagnose the electron beam stored in the main accelerator of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Berkeley Lab. The radiation has maximum intensity in the soft x-ray region and is imaged by a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair from the source point inside the ring onto a Bismuth/Germanium-Oxide (BGO) crystal, converted into visible light, and magnified by an attached microscope. The final image is captured by a TV camera-tube and digitized by a frame-grabber device to obtain records of parameters such as beam size, center location, and profile. Data obtained from this diagnostic beamline have been very useful in day-to-day operation of the ALS storage ring to assess the quality and repeatability of the stored beam. The line has further been utilized in several dedicated research activities to measure bunch lengths under various conditions and observe transverse beam instabilities. A summary of obtained results is given in this paper, together with a description of the technical features of the diagnostic beamline. RP Keller, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 240 EP 247 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00016 ER PT S AU Fisher, AS Alzofon, D Arnett, D Bong, E Daly, E Gioumousis, A Kulikov, A Kurita, N Langton, J Reuter, E Seeman, JT Wienands, HU Wright, D Chin, M Hinkson, J Hunt, D Kennedy, K AF Fisher, AS Alzofon, D Arnett, D Bong, E Daly, E Gioumousis, A Kulikov, A Kurita, N Langton, J Reuter, E Seeman, JT Wienands, HU Wright, D Chin, M Hinkson, J Hunt, D Kennedy, K BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Diagnostics development for the PEP-II B factory SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB PEP-II is a 2.2-km collider with a 2.1-A, 3.1-GeV positron ring 1 m above a I-A, 9-GeV electron ring; both are designed for a maximum of 3 A. Several diagnostics are now in preparation for commissioning the rings. The beam size and pulse duration are measured using visible synchrotron radiation from are dipoles. Grazing-incidence, water-cooled mirrors that must withstand up to 200 W/cm extract the light. The sum signal from a set of four pickup buttons, normalized to a DC current transformer's measurement of the ring current, is processed to measure the charge in each bunch. This enables us to fill 1658 of the 3492 buckets per ring to a charge that must be equal within +/-2%. For diagnostics and machine protection, 100 photomultiplier-based Cherenkov detectors measure the beam-loss distribution. RP Fisher, AS (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,PEP 2,POB 4349,MS 17,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 248 EP 256 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00017 ER PT S AU Kahana, E Chung, YJ AF Kahana, E Chung, YJ BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Commissioning results of the APS storage ring RF beam position monitors SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The commissioning of the 360 rf beam position monitors (BPMs) in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring (SR) is nearing completion. After using the single-turn capability of the BPM electronics in the early ring commissioning phase, resolution measurements versus current and bandwidth were successfully performed. In the standard SR vacuum chamber geometry, the resolution was measured with beam as 0.16 mu m . mA/root Hz. For the insertion device vacuum chamber geometry, the resolution was measured to be 0.1 mu m . mA/root Hz. Since the photon beam stability requirement for the users is only 4.5 microns rms in the vertical direction, investigations of rf BPM offset versus current and bunch pattern have also been initiated. Both single bunch and multibunch beam patterns with varying intensity were used to determine offset stability for both the global and the local orbit feedback applications. RP Kahana, E (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,BLDG 401,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 266 EP 272 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00019 ER PT S AU Ross, MC Alley, R Arnett, D Bong, E Colocho, W Frisch, J HortonSmith, S Inman, W Jobe, K Kotseroglou, T McCormick, D Nelson, J Scheeff, M Wagner, S AF Ross, MC Alley, R Arnett, D Bong, E Colocho, W Frisch, J HortonSmith, S Inman, W Jobe, K Kotseroglou, T McCormick, D Nelson, J Scheeff, M Wagner, S BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI A laser-based beam profile monitor for the SLC/SLD interaction region SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Beam size estimates made using beam-beam deflections are used for optimization of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) electron-positron beam sizes. Typical beam sizes and inte ensities expected for 1996 operations are 2.1 x 0.6 mu m (x,y) at 4.0 x 10(10) particles per pulse. Conventional profile monitors, such as scanning wires, fail at charge densities well below this. Since the beam-beam deflection does not provide single beam size information, another method is needed for interaction point (IF) beam size optimization. The laser-based profile monitor uses a finely focused, 350-nm, wavelength-tripled yttrium-lithium-fluoride (YLF) laser pulse that traverses the particle beam path about 29 cm away from the e(+)/e(-) IP. Compton scattered photons and degraded e(+)/e(-) are detected as the beam is steered across the laser pulse. The laser pulse has a transverse size of 380 nm and a Rayleigh range of about 5 mu m. This is adequate for present or planned SLC beams. Design and preliminary results will be presented. RP Ross, MC (reprint author), SLAC,ACCELERATOR DEPT,4349 SAND HILL RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00021 ER PT S AU Cameron, PR Luccio, AU Shea, TJ Tsoupas, N Goldberg, DA AF Cameron, PR Luccio, AU Shea, TJ Tsoupas, N Goldberg, DA BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Squids, snakes, and polarimeters: A new technique for measuring the magnetic moments of polarized beams SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Effective polarimetry at high energies in hadron and lepton synchrotons has been a long-standing and difficult problem. In synchrotrons with polarized beams it is possible to cause the direction of the polarization vector of a given bunch to alternate at a frequency which is some subharmonic of the rotation frequency. This can result in the presence of lines in the beam spectrum which are due only to the magnetic moment of the beam and which are well removed from the various lines due to the charge of the beam. The magnitude of these lines can be calculated from first principles. They are many orders of magnitude weaker than the Schottky signals. Measurement of the magnitude of one of these lines would be an absolute measurement of beam polarization. For measuring magnetic field, the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, oh squid, is about five orders of magnitude more sensitive than any other transducer. Using a squid, such a measurement might be accomplished with the proper combination of shielding, pickup loop design, and filtering. The resulting instrument would be fast, nondestructive, and comparatively cheap. In addition, techniques developed in the creation of such an instrument could be used to measure the Schottky spectrum in unprecedented detail. We present specifics of a polarimeter design for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and briefly discuss the possibility of using this technique to measure polarization at high-energy electron machines like LEP and HERA. RP Cameron, PR (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT RHIC,BLDG 1005,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 306 EP 315 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00024 ER PT S AU Sereno, NS Fuja, R AF Sereno, NS Fuja, R BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Positron beam position measurement for a beam containing both positrons and electrons SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Positron beam position measurement for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linac beam is affected by the presence of electrons that are also captured and accelerated along with the positrons. This paper presents a method of measuring positron position in a beam consisting of alternating bunches of positrons and electrons. The method is based on Fourier analysis of a stripline signal at the bunching and first harmonic frequencies. In the presence of a mixed species beam, a certain linear combination of bunching and first harmonic signals depends only on the position and charge of one specie of particle. A formula is derived for the stripline signal at all harmonics of the bunching frequency and is used to compute expected signal power at the bunching and first harmonic frequencies for typical electron and positron bunch charges. The stripline is calibrated by measuring the signal power content at the bunching and first harmonic frequencies for a single species beam. A circuit is presented that will be used with an APS positron linac stripline beam position monitor to detect the bunching and first harmonic signals for a beam of positrons and electrons. RP Sereno, NS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,BLDG 401,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 316 EP 323 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00025 ER PT S AU Aiello, GR Johnson, RG Martin, DJ Mills, MR Olsen, JJ Smith, SR AF Aiello, GR Johnson, RG Martin, DJ Mills, MR Olsen, JJ Smith, SR BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Beam position monitor system for PEP-II SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The beam position monitor (BPM) system for PEP-IB, the B-Factory under construction at SLAG, is described in this paper. The system must measure closed orbit for a 3-A multibunch beam and turn-by-turn position for a low-current single bunch injected in a 200-ns gap in the multibunch beam. A system that combines broadband and narrowband capabilities and provides data at high bandwidth was designed. It includes a filter-isolator box (FIB) that selects a harmonic of the bunch spacing (952 MHz) and absorbs the other frequency components; a CAMAC-based wideband I&Q demodulator, ADC, and signal processor that provides beam position information to the control system; and a calibrator that must work even in presence of beam, correcting for electronic measurement errors. This paper describes the system requirements? the electronics design, and the laboratory tests. RP Aiello, GR (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,CONTROLS DEPT,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00028 ER PT S AU Corbett, WJ Hettel, RO Nuhn, HD AF Corbett, WJ Hettel, RO Nuhn, HD BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Quadrupole shunt experiments at SPEAR SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB As part of a program to align and stabilize the SPEAR storage ring, a switchable shunt resistor was installed on each quadrupole to bypass a small percentage of the magnet current. The impact of a quadrupole shunt is to move the electron beam orbit in proportion to the off-axis beam position at the quadrupole and to shift the betatron tune. Initially, quadrupole shunts in SPEAR were used to position the electron beam in the center of the quadrupoles. This provided readback offsets for nearby beam position monitors and helped to steer the photon beams with low-amplitude corrector currents. The shunt-induced tune shift measurements were then processed in MAD to derive a lattice model. RP Corbett, WJ (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 350 EP 358 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00029 ER PT S AU Barr, D Chung, Y AF Barr, D Chung, Y BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Hardware design and implementation of the closed-orbit feedback system at APS SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring will utilize a closed orbit feedback system in order to produce a more stable beam. The specified orbit measurement resolution is 25 microns for global feedback and 1 micron for local feedback. The system will sample at 4 kHz and provide a correction bandwidth of 100 Hz. At this bandwidth, standard rf BPMs will provide a resolution of 0.7 micron, while specialized miniature BPMs positioned on either side of the insertion devices for local feedback will provide a resolution of 0.2 micron (1). The measured BPM noise floor for standard BPMs is 0.06 micron per root hertz mA. Such a system has been designed, simulated, and tested on a small scale (2). This paper covers the actual hardware design and layout of the entire closed-loop system. This includes commercial hardware components, in addition to many components designed and built in-house. The paper will investigate the large-scale workings of all these devices, as well as an overall view of each piece of hardware used. RP Barr, D (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,BLDG 401,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00031 ER PT S AU Ma, HJ Steimel, J Marriner, J Crisp, J AF Ma, HJ Steimel, J Marriner, J Crisp, J BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI A closed-orbit suppression circuit for a main ring transversal damper SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The signals of a transversal damper pickup usually have a certain number of common-mode components due to the off-center beam at the location. For the limit in the output power and the required minimum dynamic range of the feedback system, this common-mode component must be suppressed as much as possible. An analog front end is being developed for a transversal damper of the Main Ring at Fermilab (1) for this purpose. The front end features a balanced feedforward circuit and a possible single-ended negative feedback loop. Properly set, the time constant of the feedforward circuit ensures that the slowly changing closed-orbit component will be adaptively canceled, while the betatron oscillation components will survive in the output. RP Ma, HJ (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,ACCELERATOR DIV MA,POB 500,MS 340,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00032 ER PT S AU Teytelman, D Claus, R Fox, J Hindi, H Linscott, I Prabhakar, S Drago, A Stover, G AF Teytelman, D Claus, R Fox, J Hindi, H Linscott, I Prabhakar, S Drago, A Stover, G BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Feedback control and beam diagnostic algorithms for is multiprocessor DSP system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The multibunch longitudinal feedback system developed for use by PEP-II, ALS, and DA Phi NE uses a parallel array of digital signal processors (DSPs) to calculate the feedback signals from measurements of beam motion. The system is designed with general-purpose programmable elements which allow many feedback operating modes as well as system diagnostics, calibrations, and accelerator measurements. The overall signal processing architecture of the system is illustrated. The real-time DSP algorithms and offline postprocessing tools are presented. The problems in managing 320k samples of data collected in one beam transient measurement are discussed and our solutions are presented. Example software structures are presented showing the beam feedback process, techniques for modal analysis of beam motion (used to quantify growth and damping rates of instabilities), and diagnostic functions (such as timing adjustment of beam pick-up and kicker components). These operating techniques are illustrated with example results obtained from the system installed al the Advanced Light Source at LBL. RP Teytelman, D (reprint author), SLAC,2575 SAND HILL RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 390 EP 397 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00034 ER PT S AU Vogel, G Fellenz, B Utterback, J AF Vogel, G Fellenz, B Utterback, J BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI A multi-batch fast bunch integrator for the Fermilab main ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB In order to support new multi-batch coalescing scenarios in the Fermilab Main Ring and Main Injector, a new fast bunch integrator system has been developed and installed. This VME-based system provides the capability to measure both the batch and central bunch intensities for up to 12 proton or 4 antiproton batches at a time in the accelerator. The system provides for variable batch lengths of up to 15 bunches and central bunch spacing down to 21 rf buckets (394 ns). A new dual-channel fast integrator circuit has been designed for the system which attains 50 dB of dynamic range with programmable integration windows to 18.8 ns in length with 2-ns rise/fall times. RP Vogel, G (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,ACCELERATOR DIV,RFI,POB 500,MS 308,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 414 EP 421 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00037 ER PT S AU Gallegos, FR AF Gallegos, FR BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI LANSCE beam current limiter SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The Radiation Security System (RSS) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) provides personnel protection from prompt radiation due to accelerated beam, Active instrumentation, such as the beam current limiter, is a component of the RSS. The current limiter is designed to limit the average current in a beamline below a specific level, thus minimizing the maximum current available for a beam spill accident. The beam current limiter is a self-contained, electrically isolated toroidal beam transformer which continuously monitors beam current. It is designed as fail-safe instrumentation The design philosophy, hardware design, operation, and limitations of the device are described. RP Gallegos, FR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DEPT AOT 6,POB 1663,MS H812,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00041 ER PT S AU Fuja, R Berg, W Arnold, N Decker, G Dortwegt, R Ferguson, M Friedman, N Gagliano, J Lumpkin, A Nawrocki, G Wang, X AF Fuja, R Berg, W Arnold, N Decker, G Dortwegt, R Ferguson, M Friedman, N Gagliano, J Lumpkin, A Nawrocki, G Wang, X BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI The APS machine protection system (MPS) SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The machine protection system (MPS) that protects the APS storage ring vacuum chamber from x-ray beams, is active. There are over 650 sensors monitored and networked through the MPS system. About the same number of other process variables are monitored by the much slower EPICS control system, which also has an input to the rf abort chain. The MPS network is still growing with the beam position limits detection system coming on-line. The network configuration, along with a limited description of individual subsystems, is presented. RP Fuja, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,APS,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 401,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 454 EP 459 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00042 ER PT S AU Patterson, DP AF Patterson, DP BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Initial commissioning results from the APS loss monitor system SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB The design of the beam loss monitor system for the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source is based on using a number of air dielectric coaxial cables as long ionization chambers. Results to date shaw that the loss monitor is useful in helping to determine the cause of injection losses and losses large enough to limit circulating currents in the storage ring to short lifetimes. Sensitivities ranging from 13 to 240 pC of charge collected in the injector BTS (booster-to-storage-ring) loss monitor per picocoulomb of loss have been measured, depending on the loss location. These results have been used to predict that the storage ring loss monitor leakage current limit of 10 pA per cable should allow detection of losses resulting in beam lifetimes of 100 hours or less with 100 mA stored beam. Significant DC bias levels associated with the presence of stored beam have been observed. These large bias levels are most likely caused by the loss monitor responding to hard x-ray synchrotron radiation. No such response to synchrotron radiation was observed during earlier tests at SSRL. However, the loss monitor response to average stored beam current in APS has provided a reasonable alternative to the DC current transformer (DCCT) for measuring beam lifetimes. RP Patterson, DP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 401,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 460 EP 467 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00043 ER PT S AU Olson, M Hahn, AA AF Olson, M Hahn, AA BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Position and collision point measurement system for Fermilab's interaction regions SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB A higher resolution beam position monitor (BPM) system has been developed at FNAL to measure the transverse position of the beam at opposite ends of the Collision Hall. A secondary function is to measure the longitudinal location of the collision point. This system is called the Collision Point Monitor (CPM). The transverse positions am determined by software rectification and integration of a BPM signal obtained from a sampling oscilloscope. A difference over sum calculation of the A and B signals yields the position. The longitudinal location is obtained by measuring the difference in time between the proton and antiproton bunches at both ends of the Collision Hall. The downstream difference is then subtracted from the upstream difference and the result is multiplied by half the speed of light to yield the collision point error. RP Olson, M (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,ACCELERATOR DIV,RFI,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 468 EP 475 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00044 ER PT S AU Steimel, J AF Steimel, J BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Trigger delay compensation for beam synchronous sampling SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB One of the problems of providing beam feedback in a large accelerator is the lack of beam synchronous trigger signals far from the rf signal source. Lf single-bucket resolutions are required, a cable extending from the rf source to the other side of the accelerator will not provide a synchronous signal if the rf frequency changes significantly with respect to the cable delay. This paper offers a solution to this problem by locking to the rf, at the remote location, using a digital phase-locked loop. Then, the digitized frequency value is used to calculate the phase shift required to remain synchronized to the beam Results are shown for phase lock to the Fermilab Main Ring rf. RP Steimel, J (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,ACCELERATOR DIV PROTON SOURCE,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00045 ER PT S AU Berg, W Yang, B Lumpkin, A Jones, J AF Berg, W Yang, B Lumpkin, A Jones, J BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Design and commissioning of the photon monitors and optical transport lines for the advanced photon source positron accumulator ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Two photon monitors have been designed and installed in the positron accumulator ring (PAR) of the Advanced Photon Source. The photon monitors characterize the beam's transverse profile, bunch length, emittance, and energy spread in a nonintrusive manner. An optical transport line delivers synchrotron light from the PAR out of a high radiation environment. Both charge-coupled device and fast-gated, intensified cameras are used to measure the transverse beam profile (0.11 to 1 mm for damped beam) with a resolution of 0.06 mm. A streak camera (sigma(tau) = 1 ps) is used to measure the bunch length which is in the range of 0.3 to 1 ns. The design of the various transport components and commissioning results of the photon monitors will be discussed. RP Berg, W (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,APS,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 401,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00046 ER PT S AU Yang, BX Lumpkin, AH AF Yang, BX Lumpkin, AH BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Particle-beam profiling techniques on the APS storage ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB Characterization of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring particle beams includes transverse and longitudinal profile measurements using synchrotron radiation-based techniques. Both optical (OSR) and x-ray synchrotron radiation (XSR) stations are now installed. Spatial resolution of about sigma = 55 mu M was obtained at low current in the visible field initially. This is expected to improve during its commissioning. UV/visible light from the storage ring bending magnet was employed to measure the particle beam with a resolution of sigma similar to 80 mu m and allow operation at 100 mA with the initial x-ray pinhole setup. Early OSR measurements of beam size are consistent with 8.2 nm-rad emittance and 2-3% vertical coupling. Early results with the x-ray pinhole camera are also presented. RP Yang, BX (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ACCELERATOR SYST DIV,APS,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 401,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 491 EP 497 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00047 ER PT S AU Tassotto, G AF Tassotto, G BE Lumpkin, AH Eyberger, CE TI Beam profile monitors for high-intensity proton beams SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Beam Instrumentation Workshop (BIW 96) CY MAY 06-09, 1996 CL ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR, ARGONNE, IL SP Argonne Natl Lab HO ADV PHOTON SOURCE CONF CTR AB A description of a secondary emission electron detector (SEED) is given. This device has been designed and constructed to monitor the beam position and profile of two fixed-target beamlines, namely, KTeV and NuTeV. Bath beams have an energy of 800 GeV. KTeV will take beam at an intensity of 5 x 10(12) protons over a 20-s spill and NuTeV at an intensity of 2 x 10(12) protons over a 2-ms fast spill. RP Tassotto, G (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,DIV RES,EED,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-612-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 390 BP 506 EP 509 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH51R UT WOS:A1997BH51R00049 ER PT S AU Warnock, RL Ellison, JA AF Warnock, RL Ellison, JA BE Parsa, Z TI Convergence of a Fourier-spline representation for the full-turn map generator SO BEAM STABILITY AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beam Stability and Nonlinear Dynamics CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA HO INST THEORET PHYS AB Single-turn data from a symplectic tracking code can be used to construct a canonical generator for a full-turn symplectic map. This construction has been carried out numerically in canonical polar coordinates, the generator being obtained as a Fourier series in angle coordinates with coefficients that are spline functions of action coordinates. Here we provide a mathematical basis for the procedure, finding sufficient conditions for the existence of the generator and convergence of the Fourier-spline expansion. The analysis gives insight concerning analytic properties of the generator, showing that in general there are branch points as a function of angle and inverse square root singularities at the origin as a function of action. RP Warnock, RL (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-731-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 405 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69W UT WOS:A1997BJ69W00003 ER PT S AU Heifets, S AF Heifets, S BE Parsa, Z TI On the mechanism of the saw-tooth instability SO BEAM STABILITY AND NONLINEAR DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beam Stability and Nonlinear Dynamics CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA HO INST THEORET PHYS AB Dynamics of coherent modes of a single bunch above the threshold of microwave instability is discussed. The linear and nonlinear theories of bunch stability are presented and compared. It is shown, that normally the behavior of the system is the same as described by O'Neil [1] in plasma. Possible mechanisms of the saw-tooth instability are outlined. RP Heifets, S (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-731-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 405 BP 117 EP 131 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69W UT WOS:A1997BJ69W00009 ER EF