FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Chen, CH Golovlev, VV Garrett, WR Goedert, RV Whittaker, TA Templeton, DW AF Chen, CH Golovlev, VV Garrett, WR Goedert, RV Whittaker, TA Templeton, DW BE Lawson, CM TI Optical power limiting for eye protection from tunable lasers SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL LIQUIDS AND POWER LIMITERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Liquids and Power Limiters CY JUL 30-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers RP Chen, CH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,BLDG 5500,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2568-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3146 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.284163 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ78Q UT WOS:A1997BJ78Q00019 ER PT B AU Chen, LX Laible, PD Spano, FC Manas, ES AF Chen, LX Laible, PD Spano, FC Manas, ES BE Kuzyk, MG TI Third order nonlinear optical properties of stacked bacteriochlorophylls in bacterial photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins SO NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MATERIALS X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials X CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE phthalocyanine; bacteriochlorophyll; light harvesting protein; third order nonlinear optical response; degenerate four wave mixing AB Enhancement of the nonresonant second order molecular hyperpolarizabilities gamma were observed in stacked macrocyclic molecular systems, previously in a mu-oxo silicon phthalocyanine (SiPcO) monomer, dimer and trimer series, and now bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla) arrays of light harvesting (LH) proteins. Compared to monomeric BChla in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, the for each macrocycle was enhanced in naturally occurring stacked macrocyclic molecular systems in the bacterial photosynthetic LH proteins where BChla's are arranged in tilted face-to-face arrays. In addition, the gamma is more significant in B875 of LH1 than in B850 in LH2. Theoretical modeling of the nonresonant gamma enhancement using simplified molecular orbitals for model SiPcO indicated that the energy level of the two photon state is crucial to the gamma enhancement when a two photon process is involved. Additionally, charge transfer between the monomers may be important if this produces states which are close to one-photon resonance. The calculated results can be extended to gamma enhancement in B875 and B850 arrays, suggesting that BChla in B875 are more strongly coupled than in B850. In addition, a 50-160 fold increase in for the S-1 excited state of relative to S-0 of bacteriochlorophyll in vivo was observed which provides an alternative method for probing excited state dynamics and a potential application for molecular switching. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2569-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3147 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.284247 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ78R UT WOS:A1997BJ78R00019 ER PT S AU Wang, JA AF Wang, JA BE Lucas, GF Stubbs, DA TI Using ultrasonic measurements and a two-phase composite model to assess radiation damage in reactor pressure vessel steels SO NONTRADITIONAL METHODS OF SENSING STRESS, STRAIN, AND DAMAGE IN MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nontraditional Methods of Sensing Stress, Strain, and Damage in Materials and Structures CY MAY 20, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 8 Fatigue & Fracture DE radiation embrittlement; ultrasonic; nondestructive; vacancy cluster; two-phase composite; power reactor; pressure vessel steels AB Ultrasonic methods used in the study of radiation damage and recovery in single crystals appear to also be useful for similar studies on polycrystalline alloys. Ultrasonic methods have demonstrated a sensitivity to radiation damage as affected by neutron fluence, irradiation temperature, large changes in composition, and possibly, as well, by neutron energy spectrum. On the microstructure defect evolution, only the residual defects created through the radiation event will contribute to the final macroscopic material property change. From a microstructure point, it is generally accepted that radiation hardening and embrittlement in metals are caused by clusters of vacancies, interstitial, and solute atoms that impede the motion of slip dislocations. Although vacancy-type defects are a major contributor to the material hardening, they also indicate the presence of other interstitial defects. Thus the total volume change of vacancy-type defects before and after irradiation can serve as a direct index to the final material property changes. The volume change of the vacancy-type defects can be determined by utilizing the two-phase composite model (matrix and void-type inclusion) to interpret wave velocities of baseline and irradiated specimens that are obtained from the ultrasonic wave experiment. This is a relatively economic and straightforward procedure. The correlation of the volume change of the vacancy-type defects with the existing destructive mechanical test results may play an important role in the future for the prediction of the radiation embrittlement and remaining plant life, especially for the older plants on the verge of exhausting all the available mechanical test specimens loaded in the surveillance capsules. The above hypothesis was supported by the limited irradiated data analyzed and presented in this paper. The proposed ultrasonic methodology also has a potential application-to assess creep damage in fossil power plants. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,COMPUTAT PHYS & ENGN DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2403-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1318 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1520/STP11900S PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJ62S UT WOS:A1997BJ62S00013 ER PT S AU vonRoedern, B Zweibel, K Schiff, E Cohen, JD Wagner, S Hegedus, SS Peterson, T AF vonRoedern, B Zweibel, K Schiff, E Cohen, JD Wagner, S Hegedus, SS Peterson, T BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Progress report on the amorphous silicon teaming activities SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We review the progress of the teamed amorphous silicon research activities sponsored by NREL Thin-Film Partnership and by EPRI. We summarize the technical progress made since the last published report and attempt to assess the operational efficiency of the teams and the value of teaming. RP vonRoedern, B (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,NREL,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00001 ER PT S AU Mahan, AH Iwaniczko, E Nelson, BP Reedy, RC Unold, T Crandall, RS Guha, S Yang, J AF Mahan, AH Iwaniczko, E Nelson, BP Reedy, RC Unold, T Crandall, RS Guha, S Yang, J BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Hot wire deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper details the results of a study in which low H content, high deposition rate hot wire (HW) deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been incorporated into a substrate solar cell. We find that the treatment of the top surface of the HW i-layer while it is cooled from its high deposition temperature is crucial to device performance. We present data concerning these surface treatments, and correlate these treatments with Schottky device performance. We also present first generation HW n-i-p solar cell data, where a glow discharge (GD) mu c-Si(p) layer completes the partial devices. No light trapping layer is used to increase the device Jsc. Our preliminary results yield efficiencies of up to 6.8% for a cell with a 4000 Angstrom thick HW i-layer, which degrade less than 10% after a 900h AM1 light soak. We suggest areas for further improvement of our devices. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00003 ER PT S AU Zunger, A Zhang, SB Wei, SH AF Zunger, A Zhang, SB Wei, SH BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Why is CuInSe2 tolerant to defects and what is the origin of ''ordered defect structures'' SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper explains both the (1) remarkable electronic passivity of CuInSe2 to its many structural defects, and (2) the occurance of previously noted but unexplained series of structures CuIn5Se8, CuIn3Se5, Cu2In4Se7, etc. in terms of the unusual stability of the charge-compensated defect pair (2V(Cu)(-)+In-Cu(2+)). RP Zunger, A (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00007 ER PT S AU Ullal, HS AF Ullal, HS BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Team-based thin-film CIS research activities SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper describes the team-based chin-film copper indium diselenide (CIS) research activities. The CIS team was formed in December 1994 in Kona, Hawaii. Originally, the team had two working groups: the ''Junction'' and the ''Absorber'' groups. Currently, there are four working groups the Present Junction, New Junction Substrate/Mo Impact, and Transient Effect groups. We have completed extensive data compilation of CIS-based films and solar cells using various techniques such as Auger, photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, secondary-ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, capacitance voltage, light and dark current-voltage, and quantum efficiency. Studies are under way to understand the fundamental mechanisms that demonstrate a total-area, high efficiency of 17.7% in CuInGaSe2 devices using chemical-bath deposition (CBD) CdS. Alternate buffer layers are also being investigated to replace the CBD CdS. The impact of various Mo substrates from the various industrial partners has been investigated, and the results are reported. A study is under way to investigate the transient effects in encapsulated/laminated thin-film CIS-based devices. RP Ullal, HS (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00008 ER PT S AU Tuttle, JR Contreras, MA Ramanathan, KR Asher, SE Bhattacharya, R Berens, TA Keane, J Noufi, R AF Tuttle, JR Contreras, MA Ramanathan, KR Asher, SE Bhattacharya, R Berens, TA Keane, J Noufi, R BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Materials and processing issues in thin-film Cu (In, Ga) Se-2-based solar cells SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We have fabricated-high efficiency, Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS)-based photovoltaic (PV) devices by four different processes. Each process may be characterized as either sequential or concurrent deposition of the metals with or without an activity of Se. A world-record, total-area efficiency of 17.7% has been achieved by the concurrent delivery of the metals in the presence of Se. Ga has been introduced into the device in a such a manner as to produce homogeneous, normal profiling, and double-profiling graded band gap structures. This has resulted in an open-circuit voltage (V-OC) parameter of 680 mV and a fill-factor over 78%. The quality of CIGS-based films and devices is becoming decoupled from the method of film delivery. This leads to novel, fast, and low-cost methods for abosrber fabrications. Two such deposition techniques, sputtering and electrodeposition, will also be discussed and results to date presented. Finally, a fabrication model has been developed allowing for simple translation of these processes to a manufacturing environment for the large-scale production of modules. RP Tuttle, JR (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 83 EP 105 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00009 ER PT S AU Gee, JM Ciszek, TF AF Gee, JM Ciszek, TF BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI The crystalline-silicon photovoltaic R&D project at NREL and SNL SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper summarizes the U.S. Department of Energy R&D program in crystalline-silicon photovoltaic technology, which is jointly managed by Sandia National Laboratories and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. This program features a balance of basic and applied R&D, and of university, industry, and national laboratory R&D. The goal of the crystalline-silicon R&D program is to accelerate the commercial growth of crystalline-silicon photovoltaic technology, and four strategic objectives were identified to address this program goal. Technical progress towards meeting these objectives is reviewed. RP Gee, JM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 189 EP 197 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00018 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, RK AF Ahrenkiel, RK BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Carrier recombination in silicon materials used for photovoltaic devices SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Recombination and transport parameters are critical to assessing photovoltaic parameters and predicting device performance. Here, I measured a group of silicon wafers of various origins, doping levels and mechanical structure, to demonstrate the range of phenomena that occur in photovoltaic materials. These various wafers had been the subject of a previous round-robin lifetime evaluation. These measurements demonstrate the difficulty and complexity of finding the true recombination rate when the material is incorporated into an operating device. The conclusion also supports the notion that characterizing a defect-dominated semiconductor with a single lifetime number is often inadequate. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 225 EP 243 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00021 ER PT S AU Kurtz, SR Friedman, D AF Kurtz, SR Friedman, D BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Recent developments in terrestrial concentrator photovoltaics SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper describes recent developments for the concentrator photovoltaic industry, including signs that the industry is progressing towards a significant share in traditional concentrator markets, as well as developing products for markets not traditionally thought to be accessible to concentrators. The question of why concentrators haven't developed significant market share is discussed and evidence that the time may be ripe for the growth of the concentrator industry is presented. RP Kurtz, SR (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00022 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B AF Kroposki, B BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Photovoltaic performance and reliability workshop summary SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The objective of the Photovoltaic Performance and Reliability Workshop was to provide a forum where the entire photovoltaic (PV) community (manufacturers, researchers, system designers, and customers) could get together and discuss technical issues relating to PV. The workshop included presentations from twenty-five speakers and had more than one hundred attendees. This workshop also included several open sessions in which the audience and speakers could discuss technical subjects in depth. Several major topics were discussed including: PV characterization and measurements, service lifetimes for PV devices, degradation and failure mechanisms for PV devices, standardization of testing procedures, AC module performance and reliability testing, inverter performance and reliability testing, standardization of utility interconnect requirements, experience from field deployed systems, and system certification. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 285 EP 293 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00025 ER PT S AU Czanderna, AW Jorgensen, GJ AF Czanderna, AW Jorgensen, GJ BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Service lifetime prediction for encapsulated photovoltaic cells/minimodules SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The overall purposes of this paper are to elucidate the crucial importance of predicting the service lifetime (SLP) for photovoltaics (PV) modules and to present an outline for developing a SLP methodology for encapsulated PV cells and minimodules. The specific objectives are (a) to illustrate the generic nature of SLP for several types of solar energy conversion or conservation devices, (b) to summarize the major durability issues concerned with these devices, (c) to justify using SLP in the triad of cost, performance, and durability instead of only durability, (d) to define and explain the seven major elements that comprise a generic SLP methodology, (e) to provide background about implementing the SLP methodology for PV cells and minimodules including the complexity of the encapsulation problems, (f) to summarize briefly the past focus of our task for improving and/or replacing ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as a PV pottant, and (g) to provide an outline of our present and future studies using encapsulated PV cells and minimodules for improving the encapsulation of PV cells and predicting a service lifetime for them using the SLP methodology outlined in objective (d). By using this methodology, our major conclusion is that predicting the service lifetime of PV cells and minimodules is possible. RP Czanderna, AW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR PERFORMANCE ENGN & RELIABIL,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 295 EP 311 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00026 ER PT S AU vonRoedern, B Kroposki, B AF vonRoedern, B Kroposki, B BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Can the Staebler-Wronski effect account for the long-term performance of a-Si PV arrays? SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We suggest a model for the Staebler-Wronski degradation of a-Si-based solar cells that can account for long-term performance observations of deployed a-Si photovoltaic modules. The model suggests that the stabilization of the Staebler-Wronski degradation does not occur because an equilibrium between light-induced degradation and thermal or light-induced recovery is reached. Rather, stabilization occurs because the degradation phenomenon itself is self-limiting, i.e., once enough degradation has been introduced, the degradation process diminishes. This model shows that the module performance and the longterm power output of an a-Si PV array depend not only on the operating conditions, but also, on the temperature history of light exposure. This makes it difficult to accurately predict the exact amount of degradation in the field. RP vonRoedern, B (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 313 EP 322 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00027 ER PT S AU Ginn, JW Bonn, RH Sittler, G AF Ginn, JW Bonn, RH Sittler, G BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Inverter testing at Sandia National Laboratories SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Inverters are key building blocks of photovoltaic (PV) systems that produce ac power. The balance of systems (BOS) portion of a PV system can account for up to 50% of the system cost, and its reliable operation is essential for a successful PV system. As part of its BOS program, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) maintains a laboratory wherein accurate electrical measurements of power systems can be made under a variety of conditions, This paper outlines the work that is done in that laboratory. RP Ginn, JW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,PHOTOVOLTA SYST COMPONENTS DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00029 ER PT S AU King, DL AF King, DL BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Photovoltaic module and array performance characterization methods for all system operating conditions SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper provides new test methods and analytical procedures for characterizing the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules and arrays. The methods use outdoor measurements to provide performance parameters both at standard reporting conditions and for all operating conditions encountered by typical photovoltaic systems. Improvements over previously used test methods are identified, and examples of the successful application of the methodology are provided for crystalline- and amorphous-silicon modules and arrays. This work provides an improved understanding of module and array performance characteristics, and perhaps most importantly, a straight-forward yet rigorous model for predicting array performance at all operating conditions. For the first time, the influences of solar irradiance, operating temperature, solar spectrum, solar angle-of-incidence, and temperature coefficients are all addressed in a practical way that will benefit both designers and users of photovoltaics. RP King, DL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,PHOTOVOLTA SYST DEPT,MS0752,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 347 EP 368 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00030 ER PT S AU DeBlasio, R AF DeBlasio, R BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI PV standards overview SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB A brief historical perspective and current status of the on going evolution of photovoltaic standards development and the use of these standards in promulgating accepted practices used in producing, measuring, and deploying Photovoltaic (PV) components and systems in the field. After nearly 20 years of experience in developing and writing domestic and international consensus PV standards the need and importance of standard methods and practices continues, as in the past, to be essential for a maturing PV industry. Part of this maturity has been in establishing and maintaining a common ground through the development of consensus standards and furthering the use of standards for PV commercialization in support of test facility accreditation, product certification systems deployment, and safety code development to assure PV quality, performance, reliability, and safety. RP DeBlasio, R (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 369 EP 378 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00031 ER PT S AU Hund, T AF Hund, T BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Battery testing for photovoltaic applications SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Battery testing for photovoltaic (PV) applications is funded at Sandia under the Department of Energy's (DOE) Photovoltaic Balance of Systems (BOS) Program. The goal of the PV BOS program is to improve PV system component design, operation, reliability, and to reduce overall life-cycle costs. The Sandia battery testing program consists of: 1) PV battery and charge controller market survey, 2) battery performance and life-cycle testing, 3) PV charge controller development, and 4) system field testing. Test results from this work have identified market size and trends, PV battery test procedures, application guidelines, and needed hardware improvements. RP Hund, T (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,PHOTOVOLTA SYST APPLICAT DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 379 EP 393 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00032 ER PT S AU Myers, DR Cannon, TW AF Myers, DR Cannon, TW BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI PV Solar Radiometric Measurements SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Radiometric measurements performed by the PV Solar Radiometric Measurements Task support NREL's centers for Measurements and Characterization, Performance Engineering and Reliability, and Renewable Energy Resources. The task provides characterization, measurements, testing, designs, and analysis of radiometric instrumentation and data for the performance of PV cells, modules, and systems. We describe recent characterization of the radiometric performance of pyranometers deployed for PV system testing at the NREL Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) and improvements undertaken in NREL broadband radiometer characterization. Typical measurement and calibration issues with diode array spectroradiometers used for absolute spectral measurements applied to PV performance and characterization are discussed. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 395 EP 403 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00033 ER PT S AU Mitchell, RL Witt, CE Thomas, HP AF Mitchell, RL Witt, CE Thomas, HP BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) Project - Latest results SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) Project was initiated in 1990 to help the U.S. photovoltaic (PV) industry extend its world leadership role in manufacturing and the commercial development of PV modules and systems. It is being conducted in several staggered phases to support industry progress. The twelve subcontracts awarded under Phase 4A are now completing their first year of research. The subcontracts initiated in earlier phases are nearing completion, and their progress is summarized in this paper. An additional phase of PVMaT, Phase 4A, has been initiated and emphasizes product-driven manufacturing research and development. The intention of Phase 4A is to emphasize improvement and cost reduction in the manufacture of full-system PV products. The work areas include, but were not limited to, issues such as improving module manufacturing processes; system and system component packaging, integration, manufacturing, and assembly; product manufacturing flexibility; and balance-of-system development with the goal of product manufacturing improvements. RP Mitchell, RL (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 407 EP 413 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00034 ER PT S AU Chapman, RN AF Chapman, RN BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Photovoltaics in the Department of Defense SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper documents the history of photovoltaic use within the Department of Defense leading up to the installation of 2.1 MW of photovoltaics underway today. This history describes the evolution of the Department of Defense's Tri-Service Photovoltaic Review Committee and the committee's strategic plan to realize photovoltaic's full potential through outreach, conditioning of the federal procurement system, and specific project development. The Photovoltaic Review Committee estimates photovoltaic's potential at nearly 4,000 MW, of which about 700 MW are considered to be cost-effective at today's prices. The paper describes photovoltaic's potential within the Department of Defense, the status and features of the 2.1-MW worth of photovoltaic systems under installation, and how these systems are selected and implemented. The paper also documents support provided to the Department of Defense by the Department of Energy dating back to the late 70s. RP Chapman, RN (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 491 EP 511 PG 21 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00043 ER PT S AU Hanley, CJ AF Hanley, CJ BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI The USAID/DOE Mexico Renewable Energy Program: Using technology to build new markets SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Under the Mexico Renewable Energy Program, managed by Sandia National Laboratories, sustainable markets for renewable energy technologies are developed through the implementation of pilot projects. Sandia provides technical assistance to several Mexican rural development organizations so they can gain the technical and institutional capability to appropriately utilize renewables within their ongoing programs. Activities in the area of water pumping have shown great replication potential, where the tremendous rural demand for water represents a potential renewable market of over $2 billion. Thirty-six photovoltaic water pumping projects have been installed thus far in the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California Sur, and Quintana Roo, and 60 more will be implemented this year. The majority of these projects are in partnership with the Mexican Trust for Shared Risk (FIRCO), which has asked Sandia for assistance in extending the program nationwide. This replication is beginning in five new states, and will continue to grow. Sandia is keeping the U.S. renewable energy industry involved in the program through facilitating partnerships between U.S. and Mexican vendors, and through commercialization assistance with new systems technologies. The program is sponsored by the Department of Energy and the U.S. Agency for International Development. RP Hanley, CJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,RENEWABLE ENERGY OFF,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 513 EP 520 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00044 ER PT S AU Stone, JL Ullal, HS AF Stone, JL Ullal, HS BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI The Ramakrishna Mission PV project - a cooperation between India and the United States SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a U. S. Department of Energy laboratory, agreed to cooperate in photovoltaic applications. A number of small-scale applications were identified for which both sides would cost share 50-50. This paper describes the sustainable village electrification project carried out in West Bengal in cooperation with the Ramakrishna Mission, the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency, and Exide Industries Ltd. A number of cost-effective applications have been identified and are in the process of being installed in the Sundarbans region near Calcutta. RP Stone, JL (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00045 ER PT S AU Wallace, WL Tsuo, YS AF Wallace, WL Tsuo, YS BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Sino/American cooperation for rural electrification in China SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Rapid growth in economic development, coupled with the absence of an electric grid in large areas of the rural countryside, have created a need for new energy sources both in urban centers and rural areas in China. There is a very large need for new sources of energy for rural electrification in China as represented by 120 million people in remote regions who do not have access to an electric grid and by over 300 coastal islands in China that are unelectrified. In heavily populated regions in China where there is an electric grid, there are still severe shortages of electric power and limited access to the grid by village populations. In order to meet energy demands in rural China, renewable energy in the form of solar, wind, and biomass resources are being utilized as a cost effective alternative to grid extension and use of diesel and gasoline generators. An Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Protocol Agreement was signed by the U.S. Department of Energy with the Chinese State Science and Technology Commission in Beijing in February, 1995. Under this agreement, projects using photovoltaics for rural electrification are being conducted in Gansu Province in western China and Inner Mongolia in northern China, providing the basis for much wider deployment and use of photovoltaics for meeting the growing rural energy demands of China. RP Wallace, WL (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00046 ER PT S AU Webb, JD Keyes, BM Ramanathan, K Dippo, P Niles, DW Noufi, R AF Webb, JD Keyes, BM Ramanathan, K Dippo, P Niles, DW Noufi, R BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI FT-PL analysis of CIGS/CdS/ZnO interfaces SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB High-quality copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) films were subjected to a variety of surface treatments attendant to and including deposition of CdS and/or ZnO junctions or buffer layers. The resulting devices were analyzed at 87 K using Fourier transform photoluminescence (FT-PL) spectroscopy as part of a battery of analytical procedures, including surface analysis, ellipsometry, and I-V measurements, designed to elucidate the influences of the several interfaces on device performance. Our FT-PL system was upgraded with a miniature Joule-Thomson cryostat and a helium-neon laser excitation source to enable collection of highly-resolved, continuous PL spectra from 950-1750 nm. The PL intensity enhancements measured with the upgraded FT-PL system for devices fabricated using chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS, with or without a ZnO electrode, are much greater than for devices incorporating physical vapor deposited (PVD) CdS or ZnO/CIGS interfaces. Exposure of the CIGS films to components of the CHD solution alone, without deposition of CdS, also increases PL intensity, implying a reduction in the rate of non-radiative recombination in the films. Application of CHD CdS or a CBD background solution to the CIGS shifted its PL spectrum to shorter wavelengths, while application of PVD CdS or ZnO to the CIGS broadened its PL spectrum at longer wavelengths. RP Webb, JD (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00051 ER PT S AU Albin, D Rose, D Dhere, R Niles, D Swartzlander, A Mason, A Levi, D Moutinho, H Sheldon, P AF Albin, D Rose, D Dhere, R Niles, D Swartzlander, A Mason, A Levi, D Moutinho, H Sheldon, P BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Tin oxide stability effects - Their identification, dependence on processing and impacts on CdTe/CdS solar cell performance SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB High efficiency polycrystalline thin film CdTe solar cells involve the growth of CdTe films on CdS/SnO2/glass substrates. The CdS layer in such a structure is commonly reported to benefit from a brief hydrogen anneal prior to the deposition of the CdTe film. In this paper, we show that the SnO2 layer can be susceptible to reduction in H-2 and that the degree of susceptibility is dependent on the type of SnO2 used. Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SnO2/glass substrates (Solarex Corp.) show the most resistance to reduction while room-temperature sputtered SnO2 films show the least resistance. When annealed under reducing conditions, Sn from the SnO2 reacts with S-containing impurities and oxygen in as-grown chemical bath deposited (CBD) CdS films to form SnS. Cd-containing impurities are more volatile resulting in a loss of Cd relative to S in films annealed in H-2. These films appear dark due to the presence of SnS, a grayish-black impurity, in the CdS and possibly SnO in the SnO2. In normal CSS CdTe deposition processes where H-2 annealing is followed by further heating to deposition temperatures in either He or He:O-2 ambient, S loss occurs at temperatures exceeding the H-2 anneal. If oxygen is absent, CdS films undergo loss of both Sn and S due to evaporation of the SnS. When O-2 is present, SnS converts to SnO2 allowing for only the evaporation of sulfur. In this fashion, Sn levels on the CdS surface immediately prior to the deposition of CdTe, can be affected not only by the temperature of the H-2 anneal, but also by the oxygen present during the CdTe deposition step. Modifications to the CdS/CdTe device fabrication process including the use of more stable tin oxide layers (CVD-grown) and lower temperature H-2 anneals yield devices with higher open circuit voltage, fill-factors, and total-area efficiencies. Room-temperature sputtered tin oxide can be strengthened against reduction by annealing at 550 degrees C in 400 torr O-2 prior to the CdS deposition step. RP Albin, D (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 665 EP 681 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00062 ER PT S AU Schulz, DL Curtis, CJ Flitton, RA Wiesner, H Keane, J Matson, RJ Parilla, PA Noufi, R Ginley, DS AF Schulz, DL Curtis, CJ Flitton, RA Wiesner, H Keane, J Matson, RJ Parilla, PA Noufi, R Ginley, DS BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Nanoparticle colloids as spray deposition precursors to CIGS photovoltaic materials SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Cu-In-Ga-Se nanoparticle colloids have been used as precursors in the spray deposition of photovoltaic films. Precursor colloid was prepared by reaction of the metal iodides in pyridine with sodium selenide in methanol at reduced temperature according to one of two routes: synthesis of each of the component binary selenides (Type I) followed by physical mixing of the isolated particles; or a one-pot synthesis with all the metal iodides reacting together in one flask to form a mixed-metal Cu-In-Ga-Se colloid (Type II). The constituent nanoparticles in these colloids were analyzed by TEM and XRD and were determined to be amorphous as-synthesized. Crystalline phase formation of these nanoparticles was observed by XRD after a thermal treatment, These precursor colloids were sprayed onto Mo-coated glass substrates at elevated temperatures. The nanoparticle-derived Cu-In-Ga-Se films were characterized by SEM and XRD prior to being finished into CIGS solar cell devices according to standard NREL protocol. I-V characterization of these CIGS solar cells showed these devices are limited by a large series resistance. RP Schulz, DL (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR PHOTOVOLTA & ELECT MAT,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 683 EP 691 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00063 ER PT S AU Wu, X Sheldon, P Coutts, TJ Rose, DH Mulligan, WP Moutinho, HR AF Wu, X Sheldon, P Coutts, TJ Rose, DH Mulligan, WP Moutinho, HR BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI CdS/CdTe thin-film devices using a Cd2SnO4 transparent conducting oxide SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Transparent conducting oxide films of cadmium stannate (Cd2SnO4) have several significant advantages over conventional transparent conducting oxides. They are more conductive, more transparent, have lower surface roughness, are patternable, and are exceptionally stable, Cd2SnO4-based CdS/CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells with efficiencies of 13.7% have been fabricated for the first time. Preliminary cell results have demonstrated that device performance can be enhanced by replacing the SnO2 layer with a Cd2SnO4 transparent conductive oxide. RP Wu, X (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 693 EP 702 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00064 ER PT S AU Friedman, DJ Kurtz, SR Kibbler, AE AlJassim, M Jones, K Keyes, B Matson, R AF Friedman, DJ Kurtz, SR Kibbler, AE AlJassim, M Jones, K Keyes, B Matson, R BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Polycrystalline MBE-grown GaAs for solar cells SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB This paper will discuss initial studies of thin-film GaAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy for use in developing a thin-film GaAs solar cell. Photocurrent and photoluminescence intensity are related to the material morphology as a function of growth conditions. Growth temperature and V/III ratio have a dramatic effect on the photocurrent However, it seems likely that even after optimizing such growth parameters, it will be necessary to provide substrates that can provide templates to enhance grain size from the start of thin-film growth. RP Friedman, DJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 703 EP 708 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00065 ER PT S AU Niles, DW Herdt, G AlJassim, M AF Niles, DW Herdt, G AlJassim, M BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI O impurity chemistry in CdS thin-films grown by chemical bath deposition: An investigation with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the chemistry of O impurity atoms in CdS thin-films grown for photovoltaic purposes by chemical-bath deposition (CBD). We compared the Cd 3d photoline, O 1s photoline, Cd MNN Auger line, and O KLL Auger line taken from a CBD CdS thin-film, CdS single-crystal reference, Cd metal reference, CdO reference, and Cd(OH)(2) reference. This comparison showed that the O present in thin-film CBD CdS is a manifestation of H2O incorporated into the film during the CBD growth. Ar+ ion sputtering - a technique frequently used in thin-film analyses - preferentially removed S from the CBD CdS thin-film and created CdS1-xOx (x similar to 0.04) in the surface region from the incorporated O impurity. RP Niles, DW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 709 EP 716 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00066 ER PT S AU Ruby, DS Fleddermann, CB Roy, M Narayanan, S AF Ruby, DS Fleddermann, CB Roy, M Narayanan, S BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Plasma processing applied to crystalline-silicon solar cells SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We studied whether plasma-etching techniques can use standard screen-printed gridlines as etch masks to form self-aligned, patterned-emitter profiles on multicrystalline-silicon (me-Si) cells from Solarex. We conducted an investigation of plasma deposition and etching processes on full-size me-Si cells processed in commercial production lines, so that any improvements obtained would be immediately relevant to the PV industry. This investigation determined that reactive ion etching (RIE) is compatible with using standard, commercial, screen-printed gridlines as etch masks to form self-aligned, selectively doped emitter profiles. This process results in reduced gridline contact resistance when followed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) treatments, an undamaged emitter surface easily passivated by plasma-nitride, and a less heavily doped emitter between gridlines for reduced emitter recombination. This allows for heavier doping beneath the gridlines for even lower contact resistance, reduced contact recombination, and better bulk defect gettering. Our initial results found a statistically significant improvement of about half an absolute percentage point in cell efficiency when the self-aligned emitter etchback was combined with a PECVD-nitride surface passivation treatment. Some additional improvement in bulk diffusion length was observed when a hydrogen passivation treatment was used in the process. We attempted to gain additional benefits from using an extra-heavy phosphorus emitter diffusion before the gridlines were deposited. However, this required a higher plasma-etch power to etch back the deeper diffusion and keep the etch time reasonably short The higher power etch may have damaged the surface and the gridlines so that improvement due to surface passivation and reduced gridline contact resistance was inhibited. RP Ruby, DS (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00070 ER PT S AU Tsuo, YS Pitts, JR Menna, P Landry, MD Gee, JM Ciszek, TF AF Tsuo, YS Pitts, JR Menna, P Landry, MD Gee, JM Ciszek, TF BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI High-flux solar furnace processing of crystalline silicon solar cells SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We studied the processing of crystalline-silicon solar cells using a 10-kW, high-flux solar furnace (HFSF). Major findings of this study include: (1) hydrogenated amorphous silicon films deposited on glass substrates can be converted to microcrystalline silicon by solid-phase crystallization in 5 seconds or less in the HFSF; (2) the presence of concentrated sunlight enhances the diffusion of phosphorus into silicon from a spin-on dopant source; (3) the combination of a porous-silicon surface layer and photo-enhanced impurity diffusion is very effective in gettering impurities from a metallurgical-grade silicon wafer or thin-layer silicon deposited using liquid-phase epitaxy; (4) a 14.1%-efficient crystalline-silicon solar cell with an area of 4.6 cm(2) was fabricated using the HFSF for simultaneous diffusion of front n(+)-p and back p-p(+) junctions; and (5) we have shown that the HFSF can be used to texture crystalline-silicon surfaces and to anneal metal contacts printed on a silicon solar cell. RP Tsuo, YS (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 751 EP 757 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00071 ER PT S AU Wang, TH Ciszek, TF AF Wang, TH Ciszek, TF BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Incorporation of Cu and Al in thin layer silicon grown from Cu-Al-Si SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Cu and Al concentrations in silicon thin layers grown from Cu-Al-Si are determined by segregation at the solid-liquid interface, and for the fast diffusing Cu, also at the free silicon surface. Using the multicomponent regular solution model and experimental results, we found that Si-Al and Si-Cu interactions in the liquid solution are repulsive, and Al-Cu interaction is attractive. As a result, Al incorporation as a function of Cu and Al compositions in the growth solution is determined at about 900 degrees C. Up to 0.2 Omega.cm P-type resistivities caused by Al doping are achieved because of suppression of Al incorporation by Cu, yet with a substantial amount of Al still present in the liquid for substrate surface-oxide removal. On the other hand, Cu concentration in the grown layers is reduced by Al in the liquid during growth and by surface segregation after growth. The surface segregation phenomenon can be conveniently used to getter Cu from the bulk of silicon layers so that its concentration (similar to 10(16) cm(-3)) is much lower than its solubility (2.5x10(17) cm(-3)) at the layer growth temperature and the reported 10(17) cm(-3) degradation onset for solar-cell performance. RP Wang, TH (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 771 EP 778 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00073 ER PT S AU Landry, MD Tsuo, YS Ciszek, TF Roze, R Hoegh, D AF Landry, MD Tsuo, YS Ciszek, TF Roze, R Hoegh, D BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Distributed control and process monitoring for photovoltaic applications SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Distributed process control and monitoring in a multitasking personal computer environment improves the ease of use, reproducibility, and safe operation of photovoltaic solar cell processing systems. In this paper, we report the experience learned from our recent upgrading of a Tempress high-temperature furnace system at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), which is used for processing crystalline-silicon solar cells in a clean-room environment. The furnace has eight quartz tubes with three temperature zones per tube, for a total of 24 temperature control loops. Customized programs and hardware interface were installed for automated control of the furnace and to provide extensive safety interlocks. RP Landry, MD (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 787 EP 792 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00075 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ AF Pern, FJ BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Development of new EVA formulations for improved performance at NREL SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We review in chronological order the research stages and fundamental concepts involved in developing modified and new EVA formulations for improved performance against photo-induced degradation and discoloration The new NREL EVA formulations use additives totally different from the present commercial formulations (EVA A9918 and EVA 15295). Validation of their long-term photostability and thermostability is presently under Together with W-absorbing glass superstrates, they may offer better success in achieving a more reliable module performance and longer service life without significant EVA discoloration problems, which are commonly experienced with EVA A9918 and, at a lesser rate, EVA 15295. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR PERFORMANCE ENGN & RELIABIL,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 795 EP 810 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00076 ER PT S AU Pern, FJ Glick, SH AF Pern, FJ Glick, SH BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI A study of various encapsulation schemes for c-Si solar cells with EVA encapsulants SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Several encapsulation schemes for crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells, grouped into three categories of superstrate/encapsulant/Si-cell/encapsulant/substrate, were studied using different superstrates and substrates with extruded EVA films as the main encapsulant materials. A number of technical problems were observed and practical solutions to the problems are presented. The results are useful for designing and fabricating various samples of encapsulated c-Si cells and mini-modules for accelerated weathering tests in our future work. RP Pern, FJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR PERFORMANCE ENGN & RELIABIL,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 811 EP 824 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00077 ER PT S AU Bower, WI Bulawka, A AF Bower, WI Bulawka, A BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Photovoltaic research in the small business innovative research program SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB The Small Business Innovative Research Program (SBIR) is currently authorized to be funded through September 30, 2000. The National Photovoltaics Program is a contributor to the Department of Energy (DOE) SBIR program. The small business photovoltaic industry has been benefiting from the SBIR program through awards that have funded basic research, new processes and products that have PV and other commercial applications. This paper provides information on SBIR opportunities, selected details of the SBIR program, statistics from the 1995 and 1996 DOE SBIR program, and methods for improving PV industry participation and success in the SBIR program. RP Bower, WI (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 893 EP 900 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00086 ER PT S AU Fthenakis, VM Moskowitz, PD AF Fthenakis, VM Moskowitz, PD BE Witt, CE AlJassim, M Gee, JM TI Emerging photovoltaic technologies: Environmental and health issues update SO NREL/SNL PHOTOVOLTAICS PROGRAM REVIEW - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH CONFERENCE: A JOINT MEETING SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th NREL/SNL Joint Conference on Photovoltaics Program Review CY NOV 18-22, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB New photovoltaic (PV) technologies promise low-cost, reliable PV modules and have the potential for significant PV penetration into the energy market. These prospects for commercialization have attracted renewed interest in the advantageous environmental impact of using PV and also in the potential environmental, health and safety (EHS) burdens in PV manufacturing and decommissioning. In this paper, we highlight recent studies on EHS issues: a) An integrated energy-environmental-economic analysis which shows that large-scale use of PV can significantly contribute to alleviating the greenhouse effect; in the United States alone, it could displace 450 million tons of carbon emissions by the year 2030, b) Recycling of the spent modules and scrap is economically feasible; current research centers on improving the efficiency and economics of recycling CdTe and CIS modules, c) Toxicological studies conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) compared the acute toxicity of CdTe, CIS, and CGS; CdTe was the most toxic, and CGS the least toxic of the three. Additional studies are now comparing the systemic toxicity of these compounds with the toxicity of their precursors. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,BIOMED & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT GRP,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-687-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 394 BP 903 EP 914 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BJ23C UT WOS:A1997BJ23C00087 ER PT J AU Masuda, S Kumazawa, R Nishimura, K Mutoh, T Watari, T Simbo, F Seki, T Ido, T Akiyama, R Ando, A Ejiri, A Idei, H Ida, K Iguchi, H Isobe, M Iwase, M Kubo, S Matsuoka, K Morisaki, T Morita, S Mutoh, S Murakami, S Okamura, S Ozaki, T Sakakibara, S Sasao, M Takahashi, C Kawamoto, T Tanaka, K Xu, J Yamada, H Yamada, I Rasmussen, DA Lyon, JF Wilgen, JB Greenwood, DE Hoffman, DJ Jaeger, EF Murakami, M AF Masuda, S Kumazawa, R Nishimura, K Mutoh, T Watari, T Simbo, F Seki, T Ido, T Akiyama, R Ando, A Ejiri, A Idei, H Ida, K Iguchi, H Isobe, M Iwase, M Kubo, S Matsuoka, K Morisaki, T Morita, S Mutoh, S Murakami, S Okamura, S Ozaki, T Sakakibara, S Sasao, M Takahashi, C Kawamoto, T Tanaka, K Xu, J Yamada, H Yamada, I Rasmussen, DA Lyon, JF Wilgen, JB Greenwood, DE Hoffman, DJ Jaeger, EF Murakami, M TI Strong electron heating in CHS ICRF heating experiments SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID COMPACT HELICAL SYSTEM; ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; HELIOTRON-E; PLASMA; WAVE; PROPAGATION; HYDROGEN; PROFILE AB An ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating experiment was performed on the Compact Helical System (CHS) device in order to identify the problems in establishing this as a reliable heating method. Radiofrequency heating was applied to plasmas with two ion species produced by ECH. Stored energy increased up to 2.2 kJ with the application of a 590 kW ICRF heating pulse, giving a heating efficiency comparable to that of NBI heating. More importantly, the 'flat-top' of the stored energy was maintained during the pulse. Good heating was realized with 30% proton and 70% deuteron plasmas at high density (4 X 10(19) m(-3)). It was found that the best discharges are dominated by electron ICRF heating, which seems to be the reason for the successful results. On the contrary, a flat-top in stored energy has never been obtained in discharges where ion heating dominates. The loss of high energy ions with large pitch angles produced by ion heating appears to degrade the performance and limit the duration of the heating. A similar degradation was encountered in previous ICRF heating experiments in helical systems. A newly designed detector was used to study the loss of the helically trapped particles. C1 NATL INST FUS SCI,NAGOYA,AICHI,JAPAN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/37/1/I12 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XP369 UT WOS:A1997XP36900007 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Schmidt, GL Batha, SH Bell, MG Bitter, M Fredrickson, ED Hammett, GW Jassby, DL Jobes, FC Levinton, FM Majeski, R Nazikian, R Owens, DK Park, HK Phillips, CK Ramsey, AI Rogers, JH Sabbagh, SA Schilling, G Stevens, JE Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Wilson, JR AF Baylor, LR Schmidt, GL Batha, SH Bell, MG Bitter, M Fredrickson, ED Hammett, GW Jassby, DL Jobes, FC Levinton, FM Majeski, R Nazikian, R Owens, DK Park, HK Phillips, CK Ramsey, AI Rogers, JH Sabbagh, SA Schilling, G Stevens, JE Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Wilson, JR TI Pellet fuelled enhanced confinement ICRH discharges in TFTR SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; PRESSURE PROFILES; JET DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; PERFORMANCE; INJECTION; STABILITY; MODE AB Discharges with strongly peaked density profiles, density peaking factor >4, have been produced on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) tokamak by deuterium pellet injection. Following the pellet perturbation, these plasmas have been heated using He-3 or hydrogen minority ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) at power levels up to 6 MW. As seen in experiments on other devices, a strong transient enhancement of the central plasma parameters, in particular of the fusion reactivity and central electron pressure, has been observed in these discharges. The transport characteristics of these plasmas during the period of enhanced core confinement have been analysed using the TRANSP time dependent interpretive code. The time evolution of the q profile is calculated and compared with measurements. The influence of plasma current and heating power is examined. The local effective thermal and electron particle diffusivities are inferred and compared with those from similar non-enhanced discharges produced by shallow pellet fuelling. The core diffusivities during the enhanced phase are found to be more than a factor of 2 lower than those in the non-peaked discharges, with improvement localized within the plasma core. Enhancement in global confinement is generally modest but operation at low edge q appears to increase the volume of the enhanced region and the magnitude of global confinement. The enhanced phase is terminated by a magnetohydromagnetic (MHD) mode localized off-axis. Operation at higher central q by earlier injection of the pellet and higher current delays the onset of MHD and extends the duration of the enhanced phase. Operation at low q increases the radial extent of the core region. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN USA. FUS PHYS & TECHNOL, TORRANCE, CA USA. COLUMBIA UNIV, NEW YORK, NY USA. SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. RP PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB, POB 451, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 1997 VL 37 IS 1 BP 127 EP 144 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/37/1/I10 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XP369 UT WOS:A1997XP36900012 ER PT J AU Neuffer, D AF Neuffer, D TI Analyses and simulations of longitudinal motion in mu-recirculating linacs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB We present an analysis of an acceleration scenario for a high-energy mu(+)mu(-) collider. Acceleration from GeV to TeV energies is required, accompanied by bunch compression to collider-scale bunch lengths. The baseline scenario is a cascade of recirculating linacs (RLAs), with each linac increasing the beam energy by an order of magnitude. Bunch compression can occur both in the linacs themselves and in the transports connecting linacs. Constraints on acceleration design are discussed, and possible scenarios are developed. A simulation tool for RLA acceleration is presented and simulations of acceleration are described. Wakefield effects are included. Implications for mu(+)mu(-) collider scenario development are discussed, and directions for further studies are indicated. RP Neuffer, D (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 2-3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)00840-6 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WD099 UT WOS:A1997WD09900001 ER PT J AU Bonifacio, R DeSalvo, L Barletta, WA AF Bonifacio, R DeSalvo, L Barletta, WA TI Relativistic theory of the collective atomic recoil laser SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; GAIN AB We propose a new method for producing coherent, tunable radiation at short wavelength using the collective Compton backscattering of a counter-propagating radiation field from a relativistic two-level particle beam (generically called atoms). Under proper conditions one can have exponential growth of the co-propagating, back-scattered radiation at the Doppler up-shifted frequency at the expense of the recoil energy of the particle beam. This growth arises from self-bunching of the particle beam which generates the coherent back scattering of the incident field. We show that the gain and efficiency of the system, for a given density, scale as the inverse cube root of the beam energy instead of the inverse of the energy as in the free electron laser (FEL). Examples of an ion beam and of electric spins are discussed. C1 IST NAZL FIS NUCL,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. INFM,SERV MILANO,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ERNEST O LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 2-3 BP 337 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)00849-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WD099 UT WOS:A1997WD09900010 ER PT J AU Amos, N Cremaldi, L Finocchiaro, G Gobbi, B Ng, KK Manzella, V Peskov, V Rajagopalan, S Rubinov, P Schamberger, D Sellberg, G Steffens, J Tilden, R Wang, P Yu, Y AF Amos, N Cremaldi, L Finocchiaro, G Gobbi, B Ng, KK Manzella, V Peskov, V Rajagopalan, S Rubinov, P Schamberger, D Sellberg, G Steffens, J Tilden, R Wang, P Yu, Y TI Position resolution of MSGCs with cathode readout SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID DRIFT CHAMBERS; GAS CHAMBER; MICROSTRIP; DETECTOR AB The performance of a telescope of micro-strip gas chambers (MSGC) has been studied in a beam of pions. Detectors with different anode pitch and with different substrates have been operated using several gas mixtures. The position resolutions obtained by reading out the cathodes for the 200 mu m pitch is 42 mu m. For the 400 mu m pitch detectors the resolution is 42 mu m after correcting the centroid positions with a function derived from the data. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. SEOUL NATL UNIV,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Amos, N (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 384 IS 2-3 BP 342 EP 350 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(96)00878-9 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WD099 UT WOS:A1997WD09900011 ER PT J AU Andersen, HH Rehn, L AF Andersen, HH Rehn, L TI Untitled SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Andersen, HH (reprint author), NIELS BOHR INST,ORSTED LAB,UNIV PK 5,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN O,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 1 BP R5 EP R5 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)80018-3 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WD779 UT WOS:A1997WD77900001 ER PT J AU Ruders, F Rehn, LE Baldo, PM Fullerton, EE Bader, SD AF Ruders, F Rehn, LE Baldo, PM Fullerton, EE Bader, SD TI Temperature-dependent study of ion-channeling in Fe/Cr superlattices SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Joint International Symposium of the '96 MRS-J Conference(Symp.N) and the 3rd Ion Engineering Conference CY MAY 23-24, 1996 CL CHIBA, JAPAN ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; PARTICLES AB Giant-Magneto-Resistance (GMR), as large as 150% at 4 K, occurs in Fe/Cr superlattices as a result of antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. We have successfully grown epitaxial single-crystal Fe/Cr multilayers using magnetron sputtering, Ion channeling was employed to study the structural and vibrational properties of the sputter-deposited Fe/Cr superlattices, and of a Cr thin film, between temperatures of 100 and 330 K. Channeling in the latter specimen was used to investigate the importance of depositing a Cr-buffer layer in order to obtain superlattices with large GMR values. Once the buffer layer exceeded a critical thickness, a high quality Cr film was observed, The epitaxial quality of the superlattices grown on such buffer layers by sputtering was found to be excellent. Minimum yields nearly equal to theoretical predictions were found for channeling along the [001] growth direction; slightly higher values were found along the [111] axis, Because of the high structural quality of the sputter-deposited films, it was possible to investigate changes in thermal vibration amplitudes, even though their magnitude is only of the order of a few pm (10(-12) m), No unusual structural changes of this magnitude were observed in angular channeling scans obtained while cooling the Fe/Cr superlattice from 330 down to 100 K. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1997 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00368-0 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WH943 UT WOS:A1997WH94300007 ER PT J AU Haynes, TE Shigesato, Y Yasui, I Taga, N Odaka, H AF Haynes, TE Shigesato, Y Yasui, I Taga, N Odaka, H TI Ion beam modification of transparent conducting indium-tin-oxide thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Joint International Symposium of the '96 MRS-J Conference(Symp.N) and the 3rd Ion Engineering Conference CY MAY 23-24, 1996 CL CHIBA, JAPAN ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; IMPLANTATION; IN2O3 AB We have examined the effects of ion implantation of various chemical species on the electrical properties of transparent, conducting indium-tin-oxide (ITO) polycrystalline films with resistivities less than 200 mu Omega cm and optical transmission greater than 90%. We report on implantations of N+, O+, F+, Ne+ and In+ under a variety of conditions, At low to moderate doses, damage effects dominate and reduce the conductivity slightly before saturating at doses of similar to 10(14)/cm(2). At higher doses, when the implanted concentration becomes comparable to the free-carrier concentration (similar to 10(21)/cm(3)), some species (e.g., In+) can improve the conduction slightly, while other species (e.g., O+) can reduce the conduction, in some cases by several orders of magnitude, We also describe preliminary results of some new experiments begun with single-crystal ITO films to permit better characterization of the damage effects. C1 UNIV TOKYO,INST IND SCI,MINATO KU,TOKYO 106,JAPAN. ASAHI GLASS CO LTD,KANAGAWA KU,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 221,JAPAN. RP Haynes, TE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,BLDG 3003,MS 6048,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1997 VL 121 IS 1-4 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00373-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WH943 UT WOS:A1997WH94300048 ER PT J AU Merritt, W AF Merritt, W TI Searches for supersymmetric particles in p(p)over-bar collisions with the DO detector SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD ID TOP-QUARK; SUPERGRAVITY AB We report on searches for supersymmetric particles with the DO detector at the Fermilab collider at root 3 = 1800 GeV. The four searches are: (1) for squarks and gluinos in the jets + E(T)channel, (2) for a Light top squark in the jets + E(T)channel, (3) for squarks and gluinos in the dielectron channel, and (4) for charginos and neutralinos in the trilepton channel. The first two searches use data from the 1992-93 collider run, end the latter two use data from the 1994-95 collider run. RP Merritt, W (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400004 ER PT J AU Dimopoulos, S Dine, M Raby, S Thomas, S Wells, JD AF Dimopoulos, S Dine, M Raby, S Thomas, S Wells, JD TI Phenomenological implications of low energy supersymmetry breaking SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD ID TECHNICOLOR AB The experimental signatures for low energy supersymmetry breaking are presented. The lightest standard model superpartner is unstable and decays to its partner plus a Goldstino, G. For a supersymmetry breaking scale below a few 1000 TeV this decay can take place within a detector, leading to very distinctive signatures. If a neutralino is the lightest standard model superpartner it decays by chi(1)(0) --> gamma + G, and if kinematically accessible by chi(1)(0) --> (Z(0), h(0), H-0, A(0)) + G. These decays can give rise to displaced vertices. Alternately, if a slepton is the lightest standard model superpartner it decays by (l) over tilde --> l + G. This can be seen as a greater than minimum ionizing charged particle track, possibly with a kink to a minimum ionizing track. C1 CERN,DIV THEORET PHYS,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ INST PARTICLE PHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. RP Dimopoulos, S (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00530-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400008 ER PT J AU Feng, JL AF Feng, JL TI Lepton flavor violation at LEP II and beyond SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD AB If sleptons are produced at LEP II or the Nest Linear Collider, lepton flavor violation can be probed at a level significantly below the current bounds from rare processes, such as mu --> e gamma. Polarizable e(-) beams and the e(-)e(-) mode at the NLC are found to be powerful options. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Feng, JL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 100 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00543-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400021 ER PT J AU Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Romanino, A AF Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Romanino, A TI An SU(5)xU(2) theory of fermion masses and mixings SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD ID GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; TOP-QUARK; SUPERSYMMETRY; UNIFICATION AB A model of fermion masses and mixing parameters is described based on the SU(5) gauge group and on a U(2) flavour group. The model gives a qualitative understanding of the pattern of masses and mixings in terms of U(2) and SU(5) breakings and it reduces in a unique way the 13 physical parameters in the Yukawa sector of the Standard Model to 8 real parameters plus 2 phases, accounting for all observed data so far. Predictions for the B-s - <(B)over bar (s)> mixing parameter, a class of CP asymmetries in neutral B-decays and the branching ratio BR(K+ --> pi(+) ) are made. C1 IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56126 PISA,ITALY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LBNL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Barbieri, R (reprint author), UNIV PISA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,PIAZZA TORRICELLI 2,I-56126 PISA,ITALY. RI Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012 OI Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 141 EP 147 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400028 ER PT J AU Carone, CD AF Carone, CD TI (S-3)(3) theories of flavor SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD ID UNIFIED THEORIES; NUCLEON DECAY; SUPERSYMMETRY; MODELS; SU(5) AB I present a supersymmetric theory of flavor based on the discrete flavor group (S-3)(3). The model can account for the masses and mixing angles of the standard model, while maintaining sufficient sfermion degeneracy to evade the supersymmetric flavor problem. I demonstrate that the model has a viable phenomenology and makes one very striking prediction: the nucleon decays predominantly to Kl where ! is a first generation lepton. I show that the modes n --> K-0 <(nu)over bar (e)>, p --> K+ <(nu)over bar (e)>, and p --> K-0 e(+) occur at comparable rates, and could well be discovered simultaneously at the SuperKamiokande experiment. RP Carone, CD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00557-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400035 ER PT J AU Kamyshkov, Y AF Kamyshkov, Y TI Neutron-antineutron oscillation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD ID SEARCH AB The aim of this talk is to review the current status of and the future prospects for an experimental neutron-antineutron transition search. Traditional and new experimental techniques are discussed. In the n --> (n) over bar search in experiments at existing reactors, it would be possible to increase the discovery potential up to four orders of magnitude for vacuum n --> (n) over bar transitions relative to the existing experimental level or to achieve the limit of tau() greater than or equal to 10(10) s. With dedicated future reactors and ultimate experimental layout, it might be possible to reach the limit of 10(11)s. The progress in an intranuclear transition search expected to be made in the next decade by the SuperKamiokande and Icarus detectors can be matched in an approach where long-lived isotopes in deep-mined ores are searched. RP Kamyshkov, Y (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016 OI Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00575-0 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400053 ER PT J AU Lykken, JD AF Lykken, JD TI String model building in the age of D-branes SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Supersymmetry, SUSY 96 CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 1996 CL UNIV MD, COLLEGE PK, MD HO UNIV MD ID SUPERSTRING DERIVED MODELS; STANDARD-LIKE MODELS; FORMULATION; CONSTRUCTION AB The string duality revolution calls into question virtually all of the working assumptions of string model builders. A number of difficult questions arise. I use fractional charge as an example of a criterion which one would hope is robust beyond the weak coupling heterotic limit. RP Lykken, JD (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,THEORY GRP,MS106,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN PY 1997 SU 52A BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(96)00576-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WE224 UT WOS:A1997WE22400054 ER PT J AU OLeary, HR Jackson, SA AF OLeary, HR Jackson, SA TI NRC, DOE sign new memorandum of understanding SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Chairman Shirley Ann Jackson and former Secretary of Energy Hazel O'Leary have signed a new memorandum of understanding governing joint cooperation on significant projects between their two agencies. The agreement supplements one dating from February 1978 which addressed interagency relationships in the conduct of research programs. It provides a basic framework for the staffs of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy (DOE) to use in developing further agreements on specific projects, such as the NRC-DOE memorandum on tritium production which was signed last May. This agreement does not address issues related to possible external regulation of DOE by NRC. Under the new basic agreement, both NRC and DOE agree to cooperate on long-range planning for activities on which both agencies can work together. It designates the NRC Executive Director for Operations and the DOE Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health as the initial points of contact. One provision calls for use of the NRC ''open meetings'' policy for NRC-DOE staff meetings on joint project activities pertaining to specific regulatory decisions or actions. Under that policy, meetings between the NRC staff and outside persons are open unless proprietary, privacy, safeguards or investigative matters are to be discussed. Another provision holds that, in developing specific memoranda of understanding for particular projects, the parties shall include provisions for handling employee whistleblower issues and other complaints or allegations from private citizens. Edited text of the Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in Support of Significant Projects and Activities is shown below. C1 US NUCL REGULATORY COMMISS,WASHINGTON,DC 20555. RP OLeary, HR (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 32 EP & PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA WK653 UT WOS:A1997WK65300050 ER PT J AU Martz, HF Johnson, JW AF Martz, HF Johnson, JW TI Assessing conformance to safety goals using nonparametric empirical bayes methods: A nuclear reactor application SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORS; CORE MELT AB Nonparametric empirical Bayes methods are used to develop decision criteria for use in deciding whether the risk of a given facility is compatible with a corresponding specified quantitative safety goal. The criteria utilize the uncertain results of a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and are derived from an empirical Bayes point of view in which the results from a set of similar facilities are used to estimate the population variability curve (PVC) for the parameter of interest. The PVC is estimated nonparametrically in the sense that the distributional family to which the PVC belongs is completely unknown and unspecified For the assumed model, the method guarantees that all facilities ultimately accepted as being compatible with the goal have a prespecified exact assurance probability that the goal is not exceeded. The method also accounts for two possible biases in the PRA results. Criteria are developed for use in assessing the compatibility of nuclear power plant PRA-produced severe core damage frequency estimates with a corresponding subsidiary objective. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp TSA1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Grp, Tech Staff, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martz, HF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp TSA1, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 116JJ UT WOS:000075720900002 ER PT J AU Mihalczo, JT Valentine, TE Phillips, LD AF Mihalczo, JT Valentine, TE Phillips, LD TI Subcritical measurements for a HEU storage vault at the Y-12 plant using the Cf-252-source-driven frequency-analysis method SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Article ID MCNP-DSP; PARAMETERS; NEUTRON AB The tube vaults at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant were constructed in 1975 out of massive amounts of concrete to safely store large quantities of highly enriched uranium (HEU) metal. At the time of construction, criticality safety specialists were concerned about the concrete drying out over time. The difference between dry and wet concrete is the absence of unbound water, which results in a change in the hydrogen content of the concrete by a factor of 2. For this system, dry concrete increases the neutron interaction between the uranium metal castings in the array. With the development of the Cf-252-source-driven frequency-analysis method for the determination of subcriticality, it became feasible to perform a more sensitive, meaningful, and relevant subcriticality measurement of this vault configuration with HEU. For this vault loading, the average mass of the castings was 18.75 kg of uranium, and the U-235 enrichment was 93.2 wt %. These measurements are interpreted with a general Monte Carlo model rather than limited-point kinetics models that were used in previous measurements. The Monte Carlo code, MCNP-DSP, is a major modification of MCNP4a that will better calculate the time and frequency-analysis parameters that are related to the second moment of the neutron population. For this loading of Vault 16 at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, the neutron multiplication factor obtained from these measurements was 0.7899 +/- 0.0028. The bias in the calculated neutron multiplication factor for MCNP-DSP and ENDF/B-IV cross section is +0.0002 for the assumption of dry concrete and -0.050 for the assumption of wet concrete. Thus, for the purposes of criticality safety assessments, the best assumption for this vault is that it is composed of dry concrete. This measurement and analysis shows how the Cf-252-source-driven frequency-analysis method with MCNP-DSP can be used to obtain the subcritical neutron multiplication factor and the bias in calculational methods for criticality safety for an in-plant configuration of fissile material. The determination of the neutron multiplication factor from the measured data did not depend on knowing the condition of the vault concrete. The use of a more general Monte Carlo model in place of the limited-point kinetics models extends the application of this method. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci Sect, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mihalczo, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Measurement Sci Sect, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 116JJ UT WOS:000075720900003 ER PT J AU Korsah, K Tanaka, T Wilson, TL Wood, R AF Korsah, K Tanaka, T Wilson, TL Wood, R TI Environmental tests of a digital safety channel: An investigation of stress-related vulnerabilities of computer-based safety systems SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Article AB This article presents the results of environmental stress tests performed on an experimental digital safety channel (EDSC) assembled at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as part of the Qualification of Advanced Instrumentation and Controls Systems Research program, which was sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The program is expected to provide recommendations for environmental qualification of digital safety systems. The purpose of the study was To investigate potential vulnerabilities of distributed computer systems used in safety applications when subjected to environmental stressors. The EDSC assembled for the tests employs technologies and digital subsystems representative of those proposed for use in advanced light-water reactors or as retrofits in existing plants. Subsystems include computers, electrical and optical serial communication links, fiber-optic network links, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and multiplexers. The EDSC was subjected to selected stressors that ave a potential risk to digital equipment in a mild environment. The selected stressors were electromagnetic and radio-frequency interferences (EMI-RFI), temperature, humidity, and smoke exposure. The stressors were applied at levels of intensity considerably higher than the safety channel is likely to experience in a normal nuclear power plant environment. Ranges of stress were selected at a sufficiently high level to induce errors so that failure modes that are characteristic of the technologies employed could be identified. Interfaces were found to be the most vulnerable elements of the EDSC. The majority of effects resulting from the application of the stressors were communication errors, particularly for serial communication links. Many of these errors were intermittent timeout errors or corrupted transmissions, which indicate failure of a microprocessor to receive (correctly) data from an associated multiplexer, optical serial link, or network node. Because of similarities in fabrication and packaging technologies, other digital safety systems are likely to be vulnerable to similar upsets. On the basis of the incidence of functional errors observed during testing, EMI-RFI, smoke exposure, and high temperature coupled with high relative humidity, in that order, were found to have the greatest impact of the stressors investigated. The most prevalent stressor-induced upsets, as well as the most severe, were found to occur during the EMI-RFI tests. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Korsah, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 116JJ UT WOS:000075720900006 ER PT J AU Forsberg, CW AF Forsberg, CW TI Long-term criticality control in radioactive waste disposal facilities SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN HYDROTHERMAL FLOW; YUCCA MOUNTAIN AB Plant photosynthesis has created a unique planet wide geochemistry-an oxidizing atmosphere with oxidizing surface waters on a planetary body with chemically reducing conditions near or at some distance below the surface. Uranium is up to four orders of magnitude more soluble under chemically oxidizing conditions than it is under chemically reducing conditions. Thus uranium tends to leach from surface rock and disposal sites, move with groundwater, and concentrate where chemically reducing conditions appear. The earth's geochemistry concentrates uranium and can separate uranium from all other elements except oxygen, hydrogen (in water), and silicon (silicates, etc.). Fissionable isotopes, isotopes that can form a critical mass, include U-232, U-233, U-234, U-235, and many higher actinides that eventually decay to one of these uranium isotopes. The potential for nuclear criticality exists if the precipitated uranium from disposal sites has a significant fissionable enrichment, mass, and volume. The earth's geochemistry suggests that isotopic dilution of fissionable materials in waste with U-238 is a preferred strategy to prevent long-term nuclear criticality in and beyond the boundaries of waste disposal facilities because the U-238 does not separate from the fissionable uranium isotopes. Geological, laboratory, and theoretical data indicate that the potential for nuclear criticality can be minimized by diluting fissionable materials in each package with U-238 to less than 1 wt % U-235 equivalent, or nearly the 0.71 wt % U-235 found in nature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 116JJ UT WOS:000075720900008 ER PT J AU Muhlheim, MD O'Reilly, PD Belles, RJ Cletcher, JW Copinger, DA Dolan, BW Minarick, JW AF Muhlheim, MD O'Reilly, PD Belles, RJ Cletcher, JW Copinger, DA Dolan, BW Minarick, JW TI 1995 Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) Program results SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Article AB The Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) Program involves the systematic review and evaluation of operational events that have occurred at light-water reactors to identify and categorize precursors to potential severe core damage accident sequences. The results of the ASP Program are published in an annual report. The most recent report, which contains the precursors for 1995, is NUREG/CR-4674, Volume 23, Precursors to Potential Severe Core Damage Accidents: 1995, A Status Report, published in April 1997. This article provides an overview of the ASP review and evaluation process and a summary of the results for 1995. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Muhlheim, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1 BP 74 EP 86 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 116JJ UT WOS:000075720900010 ER PT J AU Azmy, YY AF Azmy, YY TI Post-convergence automatic differentiation of iterative schemes SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB A new approach for performing automatic differentiation (AD) of computer codes that embody an iterative procedure, based on differentiating a single additional iteration upon achieving convergence, is described and implemented. This post-convergence automatic differentiation (PAD) technique results in better accuracy of the computed derivatives, as it eliminates part of the derivatives convergence error, and a large reduction in execution time, especially when many iterations are required to achieve convergence. In addition, it provides a way to compute derivatives of the converged solution without having to repeat the entire iterative process every time new parameters are considered. These advantages are demonstrated and the PAD technique is validated via a set of three linear and nonlinear codes used to solve neutron transport and fluid flow problems. The PAD technique reduces the execution lime over direct AD by a factor of up to 30 and improves the accuracy of the derivatives by up to two orders of magnitude. The PAD technique's biggest disadvantage lies in the necessity to compute the iterative map's Jacobian, which for large problems can be prohibitive. Methods are discussed to alleviate this difficulty. RP Azmy, YY (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, POB 2008, BLDG 6025, MS-6363, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC516 UT WOS:A1997WC51600003 ER PT J AU Kornreich, DE Ganapol, BD AF Kornreich, DE Ganapol, BD TI The suite of analytical benchmarks for neutral particle transport in infinite isotropically scattering media SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The linear Boltzmann equation for the transport of neutral particles is investigated with the objective of generating benchmark-quality evaluations of solutions for homogeneous infinite media. In all cases, the problems are stationary, of one energy group, and the scattering is isotropic. The solutions are generally obtained through the use of Fourier transform methods with the numerical inversions constructed from standard numerical techniques such as Gauss-Legendre quadrature, summation of infinite series, and convergence acceleration. Consideration of the suite of benchmarks in infinite homogeneous media begins with the standard one-dimensional problems: an isotropic point source, an isotropic planar source, and an isotropic infinite line source. The physical and mathematical relationships between these source configurations are investigated. The progression of complexity then leads to multidimensional problems with source configurations that also emit particles isotropically: the finite line source, the disk source, and the rectangular source. The scalar flux from the finite isotropic line and disk sources will have a two-dimensional spatial variation, whereas a finite rectangular source will have a three-dimensional variation in the scalar flux. Ne,ut, sources emitting particles anisotropically are considered. The most basic such source is the point beam giving rise to the Green's function, which is physically the most fundamental transport problem, yet may be constructed from the isotropic point source solution. Finally, the anisotropic plane and anisotropically emitting infinite line sources are considered. Thus, a firm theoretical and numerical base is established for the most fundamental neutral particle benchmarks in infinite homogeneous media. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT NUCL ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Kornreich, DE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TSA-7,MS F609,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1 BP 24 EP 50 PG 27 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC516 UT WOS:A1997WC51600005 ER PT J AU Saleh, HH Parish, TA Raman, S Shinohara, N AF Saleh, HH Parish, TA Raman, S Shinohara, N TI Measurements of delayed neutron decay constants and fission yields from U-235, Np-237, Am-241, and Am-243 SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Delayed neutron yields and decay constants for U-235, Np-237, Am-241, and Am-243 were measured at the Texas A&M University TRIGA reactor using a fast pneumatic transfer system. The detection system consisted of an array of BF3 proportional counters embedded in a polyethylene cylinder. The measured values of the total delayed neutron yield per 100 fissions from thermal neutron-induced fission of U-235, Np-237, Am-241, and Am-243 were determined to be 1.59 +/- 0.04, 1.29 +/- 0.04, 0.49 +/- 0.02, and 0.84 +/- 0.04, respectively. The newly measured values of delayed neutron group parameters and total yields were compared with other values recommended by Keepin; Waldo, Karam, and Meyer; and Tuttle. Very good agreement was obtained, especially for U-235. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST,TOKAI,IBARAKI 31911,JAPAN. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1 BP 51 EP 60 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC516 UT WOS:A1997WC51600006 ER PT J AU Ruggles, AE Vasilev, AD Brown, NW Wendel, MW AF Ruggles, AE Vasilev, AD Brown, NW Wendel, MW TI The role of heater thermal response in reactor thermal limits during oscillatory two-phase flows SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AB Analytical and numerical investigations of critical heat flux (CHF) and reactor thermal limits are conducted for oscillatory two-phase flows often associated with natural circulation conditions. The CHF and associated thermal limits depend on the amplitude of the flow oscillations, the period of the flow oscillations, and the thermal properties and dimensions of the heater. The value of the thermal limit can be much lower in unsteady flow situations than would be expected using time average flow conditions. The properties of the heater strongly influence the thermal limit value in unsteady flow situations, which is very important to the design of experiments to evaluate thermal limits for reactor fuel systems. C1 NUCL SAFETY INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Ruggles, AE (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL ENGN,PASQUA ENGN BLDG,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 125 IS 1 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA WC516 UT WOS:A1997WC51600008 ER PT J AU Selkov, E Galimova, M Goryanin, I Gretchkin, Y Ivanova, N Komarov, Y Maltsev, N Mikhailova, N Nenashev, V Overbeek, R Panyushkina, E Pronevitch, L Selkov, E AF Selkov, E Galimova, M Goryanin, I Gretchkin, Y Ivanova, N Komarov, Y Maltsev, N Mikhailova, N Nenashev, V Overbeek, R Panyushkina, E Pronevitch, L Selkov, E TI The metabolic pathway collection: An update SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Metabolic Pathway Collection from EMP is an extraction of data from the larger Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways database (EMP). This extraction has been made publicly available in the hope that others will find it useful for a variety of purposes, The original release in October 1995 contained 1814 distinct pathways, The current collection contains 2180. Metabolic reconstructions for the first completely sequenced organisms-Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Methanococcus janaschii-are all included in the current release, All of the pathways in the collections are available as ASCII files in the form generated by the main curator, Evgeni Selkov, In addition, we are offering a more structured encoding of a subset of the collection; our initial release of this subcollection includes all of the pathways in Mycoplasma genitalium, and we ultimately intend to offer the entire collection in this form as well. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST THEORET & EXPT BIOPHYS,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 37 EP 38 DI 10.1093/nar/25.1.37 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WD443 UT WOS:A1997WD44300008 PM 9016500 ER PT J AU Maidak, BL Olsen, GJ Larsen, N Overbeek, R McCaughey, MJ Woese, CR AF Maidak, BL Olsen, GJ Larsen, N Overbeek, R McCaughey, MJ Woese, CR TI The RDP (Ribosomal Database Project) SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; DNA-SEQUENCES; TREES AB The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) is a curated database that offers ribosome-related data, analysis services and associated computer programs, The offerings include phylogenetically ordered alignments of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences, derived phylogenetic trees, rRNA secondary structure diagrams, and various software for handling, analyzing and displaying alignments and trees. The data are available via anonymous FTP (rdp.life.uiuc.edu), electronic mail (server@rdp.life.uiuc.edu), gopher (rdpgopher.life. uiuc.edu) and WWW (http://rdpwww.life.uiuc.edu/), The electronic mail and WWW sewers provide ribosomal probe checking, approximate phylogenetic placement of user-submitted sequences, screening for possible chimeric rRNA sequences, automated alignment, and a suggested placement of an unknown sequence on an existing phylogenetic tree. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR MICROBIAL ECOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Maidak, BL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,B103 C&LSL,601 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 5 TC 685 Z9 699 U1 2 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1093/nar/25.1.109 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WD443 UT WOS:A1997WD44300025 PM 9016515 ER PT J AU Goodwin, PM Cai, H Jett, JH IshaugRiley, SL Machara, NP Semin, DJ VanOrden, A Keller, RA AF Goodwin, PM Cai, H Jett, JH IshaugRiley, SL Machara, NP Semin, DJ VanOrden, A Keller, RA TI Application of single molecule detection to DNA sequencing SO NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES LA English DT Article AB A flow cytometric, single molecule approach to DNA sequencing is described. A single, fluorescently labeled DNA fragment is suspended in a flow stream. An exonuclease is added to sequentially cleave the end base into the flow stream where it is detected and identified by laser-induced fluorescence. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Van Orden, Alan/N-4219-2015 NR 14 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8311 J9 NUCLEOS NUCLEOT JI Nucleosides Nucleotides PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1080/07328319708002914 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XP845 UT WOS:A1997XP84500004 ER PT J AU Franchetti, P Cappellacci, L AbuSheikha, G Jayaram, HN Schneider, BP Sint, T Gurudutt, VV Collart, FR Huberman, E Grifantini, M AF Franchetti, P Cappellacci, L AbuSheikha, G Jayaram, HN Schneider, BP Sint, T Gurudutt, VV Collart, FR Huberman, E Grifantini, M TI Synthesis and IMP dehydrogenase (type I and type II) inhibitory activity of isosteric NAD analogs derived from thiophenfurin and furanfurin SO NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XII International Round Table on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and their Biological Applications - Making Drugs Out of Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides CY SEP 15-19, 1996 CL LA JOLLA, CA ID 2-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSYLTHIAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE NSC 286193; INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; HUMAN NORMAL LYMPHOCYTES; CONVERSION; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM AB Thiophene-3-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TFAD), and furan-3-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (FFAD), two NAD analogs, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type I and type II. C1 INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,EXPT ONCOL LAB,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Franchetti, P (reprint author), UNIV CAMERINO,DIPARTIMENTO SCI CHIM,VIA S AGOSTINO 1,I-62032 CAMERINO,ITALY. OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0732-8311 J9 NUCLEOS NUCLEOT JI Nucleosides Nucleotides PY 1997 VL 16 IS 7-9 BP 1415 EP 1418 DI 10.1080/07328319708006195 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YF530 UT WOS:A1997YF53000092 ER PT J AU Verlinden, P Potts, DM Lyness, JN AF Verlinden, P Potts, DM Lyness, JN TI Error expansions for multidimensional trapezoidal rules with Sidi transformations SO NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article DE quadrature; multidimensional integration; cubature; Euler-Maclaurin expansion; vertex singularity; Sidi transformation; extrapolation AB In 1993, Sidi introduced a set of trigonometric transformations x = psi(t) that improve the effectiveness of the one-dimensional trapezoidal quadrature rule for a finite interval. In this paper, we extend Sidi's approach to product multidimensional quadrature over [0, 1](N). We establish the Euler-Maclaurin expansion for this rule, both in the case of a regular integrand function f(x) and in the cases when f(x) has homogeneous singularities confined to vertices. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Comp Wetenschappen, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1017-1398 J9 NUMER ALGORITHMS JI Numer. Algorithms PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 347 DI 10.1023/A:1019155601289 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA ZF159 UT WOS:000072869300005 ER PT J AU Johnson, ME Jolly, MS Kevrekidis, IG AF Johnson, ME Jolly, MS Kevrekidis, IG TI Two-dimensional invariant manifolds and global bifurcations: Some approximation and visualization studies SO NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Dynamical Numerical Analysis CY DEC 14-16, 1995 CL GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH MATH, ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Div Math, Computat Math Program HO GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH MATH DE computational dynamics; global bifurcations; invariant manifolds ID COMPUTATION AB We illustrate and discuss the computer-assisted study (approximation and visualization) of two-dimensional (un)stable manifolds of steady states saddle-type limit cycles fr Rows in R(n). Our investigation highlights a number of computational issues arising in this task, along with our solutions "quick-fixes" for some of these problems. Two examples illustrative uf both successes and shortcomings of our current approach are presented. Representative "snapshots" demonstrate the dependence of two-dimensional invariant manifolds on a bifurcation parameter as well as their interactions. Such approximation and visualization studies are a necessary component of the computer-assisted study and understanding of global bifurcations. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, PROGRAM APPL & COMPUTAT MATH, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. INDIANA UNIV, DEPT MATH, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, DEPT CHEM ENGN, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1017-1398 J9 NUMER ALGORITHMS JI Numer. Algorithms PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1-3 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1023/A:1019104828180 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA XE683 UT WOS:A1997XE68300007 ER PT J AU Barbieri, R Hall, LJ AF Barbieri, R Hall, LJ TI A grand unified supersymmetric theory of flavor SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA A-NUCLEI PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID MASS MATRIX MODELS; FERMION MASSES; QUARK MASSES; SYMMETRIES; PREDICTIONS AB A grand unified SU(5) theory is constructed with a hierarchical breaking of a U(2) flavor symmetry. The small parameters of the squark and slepton mass matrices, necessary to solve the supersymmetric flavor-changing problem, and the intergenerational quark and lepton mass hierarchies are both generated from the U(2) symmetry breaking parameters. The flavor interactions of the theory are tightly constrained, with just 10 free Peal parameters for both the fermion and scalar sectors. All but one of the 8 small fermion mass ratios, and all of the 3 small Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing angles, can be understood without introducing small dimensionless Yukama parameters. Predictions are made for 2 of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa a mixing angles and for 2 of the fermion masses. The six flavor mixing matrices which appeal at the neutralino vel tices, and which in general are arbitrary unitary matrices, are determined in terms of just a single free parameter. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Barbieri, R (reprint author), UNIV PISA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, IST NAZL FIS NUCL, PIAZZA TORRICELLI 2, I-56126 PISA, ITALY. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1861 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO A JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A-Nucl. Part. Fields PD JAN PY 1997 VL 110 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 PG 29 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA WR741 UT WOS:A1997WR74100002 ER PT B AU Gee, T Pepe, K Collier, R Everman, K Freer, E Wetherington, R Tarasek, G AF Gee, T Pepe, K Collier, R Everman, K Freer, E Wetherington, R Tarasek, G GP IEEE TI Compensation for missing sensors in a real-time measurement beamformer system SO OCEANS '97 MTS/IEEE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 97 MTS/IEEE Conference CY OCT 06-09, 1997 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, Marine Technol Soc AB In the system described in this paper, an array of hydrophones with a fixed geometry is used to make accurate underwater acoustic measurements over a large frequency range. The beamforming coefficients used to weight each sensor have been optimized over the full frequency range to provide the desired accuracy for a constant beam width and high noise reduction for the ocean environment. These coefficients must be developed for numerous angular beam widths and for several steering angles, requiring considerable time (several hours) to generate off-line using parallel digital signal processors. To make the number of coefficients manageable, the array symmetry has been utilized. When sensors are missing due to inevitable failures, this symmetry no longer exists, and a new method is required to handle the arbitrary array geometry. Also, failures can occur unexpectedly, making it unreasonable to redesign the coefficients for changes in array geometry. This paper describes a compensation method that has proven successful in regaining the desired amplitude level of the beam response without modifying the existing sensor coefficients. RP Gee, T (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4108-2 PY 1997 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Engineering; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BJ68T UT WOS:A1997BJ68T00061 ER PT J AU Zanetti, S Hartwig, UA vanKessel, C Luscher, A Hebeisen, T Frehner, M Fischer, BU Hendrey, GR Blum, H Nosberger, J AF Zanetti, S Hartwig, UA vanKessel, C Luscher, A Hebeisen, T Frehner, M Fischer, BU Hendrey, GR Blum, H Nosberger, J TI Does nitrogen nutrition restrict the CO2 response of fertile grassland lacking legumes? SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE nitrogen nutrition; elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens; transfer of symbiotically fixed nitrogen ID ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WHITE CLOVER; GROWTH; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT; SWARD AB The extent of the response of plant growth to atmospheric CO2 enrichment depends on the availability of resources other than CO2. An important growth-limiting resource under field conditions is nitrogen (N). N may, therefore, influence the CO2 response of plants. The effect of elevated CO2 (60 Pa) partial pressure (pCO(2)) on the N nutrition of field-grown Lolium perenne swards, cultivated alone or in association with Trifolium repens, was investigated using free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) technology over 3 years. The established grassland ecosystems were treated with two N fertilization levels and were defoliated at two frequencies. Under elevated pCO(2), the above-ground plant material of the L. perenne monoculture showed a consistent and significant decline in N concentration which, in general, led to a lower total annual N yield. Despite the decline in the critical N concentration (minimum N concentration required for non-N-limited biomass production) under elevated pCO(2), the index of N nutrition (ratio of actual N concentration and critical N concentration) was lower under elevated pCO(2) than under ambient pCO(2) in frequently defoliated L. perenne monocultures. Thus, we suggest that reduced N yield under elevated pCO(2) was evoked indirectly by a reduction of plant-available N. For L. perenne grown in association with T. repens and exposed to elevated pCO(2) there was an increase in the contribution of symbiotically fixed N to the total N yield of the grass. This can be explained by an increased apparent transfer of N from the associated N-2-fixing legume species to the non-fixing grass. The total annual N yield of the mixed grass/legume swards increased under elevated pCO(2). All the additional N yielded was due to symbiotically fixed N. Through the presence of an N-2-fixing plant species more symbiotically fixed N was introduced into the system and consequently helped to overcome N limitation under elevated pCO(2). C1 ETH ZURICH,INST PLANT SCI,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 30 TC 103 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 25 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s004420050278 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XW916 UT WOS:A1997XW91600004 PM 28307370 ER PT B AU McCue, HK AF McCue, HK BE Proctor, FM TI Open architecture controller activities in Technology Enabling Agile Manufacturing (TEAM) SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Open Architecture Control Systems and Standards CY NOV 20-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE application programming interface; controller; open architecture controller; API; OAC; TEAM AB As part of its manufacturing initiative, TEAM is actively involved in open architecture controller activities. Within the TEAM community of members, TEAM is developing an open architecture controller requirements document and an open architecture controller application programming interface document. In addition, TEAM is also evaluating early open architecture controllers in a shop floor environment. RP McCue, HK (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2314-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2912 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.263377 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH07J UT WOS:A1997BH07J00005 ER PT B AU Cheng, HH AF Cheng, HH BE Proctor, FM TI Plug-and-play open architecture integration of mechatronic systems for agile manufacturing SO OPEN ARCHITECTURE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Open Architecture Control Systems and Standards CY NOV 20-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE open architecture; system integration; mechatronics; superset of C; network computing AB A plug-and-play open architecture language environment for integration of mechatronic systems for agile manufacturing will be presented in this paper. This new language environment is designed to be computer platform independent, mechatronic device independent, and mechatronic system independent. The language environment is a salient extension and enhancement of Unix/Windows/C computing environment, popularly used by engineers and scientists all over the world. The language environment for realtime operation of mechatronic systems is a superset of interpretive C programming language implemented as a shell. We have designed and implemented this interpretive language environment with security provisions for cross-platform network computing. The mechatronic systems under this new integration paradigm, therefore, can be remotely operated thousands of miles away from the physical site across the network. An experimental rapid prototype system has been developed to verify our principles and algorithms on open architecture integration of mechatronic system. Hardware from different vendors can be easily plugged into the prototype system and the user can readily play it without changing application programs written in the superset of C. The new integration language environment is available for downloading on the WWW at the URL address http://iel.ucdavis.edu/CH/. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT MECH & AERONAUT ENGN,INTEGRAT ENGN LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2314-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2912 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.263363 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH07J UT WOS:A1997BH07J00013 ER PT S AU Mourant, JR AF Mourant, JR BE Bigio, IJ Schneckenburger, H Slavik, J Svanberg, L Viallet, PM TI Monte Carlo investigations of the wavelength dependence of light transport through turbid media SO OPTICAL BIOPSIES AND MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Biopsies and Microscopic Techniques II CY SEP 05-08, 1997 CL SAN REMO, ITALY SP Soc Italiana Laser Chirurg & Med, European Laser Assoc, Int Biomed Opt Soc, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev AB Elastic-scattering spectroscopy examines the wavelength dependence of light that has passed through a small volume of tissue. Measurements are typically made by placing two optical fibers on the surface of the tissue to be examined. The analysis of these measurements to obtain quantitative information about scattering and absorption is important to many biomedical applications such as cancer diagnosis and measurement of bilirubin concentrations. For fiber separations large enough for the diffusion approximation to be valid, this is straight forward. However, for clinical applications such as those listed above, the separation is too small for the diffusion approximation to be applicable. To obtain insight into the question of how scattering and absorption changes affect the wavelength dependence of the elastic-scatter signal Monte Carlo simulations have been used. First, it is shown that the Monte Carlo simulations and elastic-scatter measurements of polystyrene spheres agree quite well. Monte Carlo simulations are then used to investigate how particle size and concentration affect the elastic-scatter signal. It is found that the concentration has very little effect of the wavelength dependence, but that the size of the scattering particles does affect the wavelength dependence. In general, the signal decreases more rapidly as a function of wavelength for smaller particles. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2629-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3197 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.297956 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BK34R UT WOS:000071861300012 ER PT B AU Mariella, R Langlois, R Masquelier, D AF Mariella, R Langlois, R Masquelier, D BE Priezzhev, AV Asakura, T Leif, RC Katzir, A TI Flow cytometers which incorporate light collection via a flow-stream waveguide SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN ANALYTICAL CYTOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Biological Fluids and Advanced Techniques in Analytical Cytology CY FEB 11-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE flow cytometer; flow-stream waveguide; fluorescence detection AB We have built several flow cytometers (FCMs) which incorporate the principle of light collection using a flow-stream waveguide (FSW). The smallest and most rugged version uses a diode laser emitting 820-nm light and collects perpendicular light scatter (PLS) with the FSW technique and collects forward light scatter (FLS) with a simple external lens. Both PLS and FLS detectors are silicon diodes with integral preamps; no fluorescence is collected. Two other units have used argon-ion lasers and a dichroic filter to separate PLS and fluorescence, and our studies have examined the factors which limit the performance of FSW light collection for low-level-fluorescence applications. In one case we have used a main-frame laser with line-tunable output and two cylindrical lenses for focusing onto the flow stream. This arrangement has allowed us to detect 93-nm yellow-green beads from Molecular Probes, Inc. and 140-nm green beads from Duke Scientific, Inc. A more recent ''luggable'' version incorporates an air-cooled ion laser and a simple spherical lens for focusing the laser onto the flow stream. This FCM was able to detect the 93-nm beads from Molecular Probes. In all cases a flow stream in air is used as an optical waveguide that traps and transports light to one or more detectors. RP Mariella, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,MAIL STOP L-452,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2393-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2982 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BH79V UT WOS:A1997BH79V00043 ER PT B AU Steinkamp, JA Lehnert, BE Keij, JF AF Steinkamp, JA Lehnert, BE Keij, JF BE Priezzhev, AV Asakura, T Leif, RC Katzir, A TI Phase-sensitive detection as a means to recover fluorescence signals from interfering backgrounds in analytical cytology measurements SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN ANALYTICAL CYTOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Biological Fluids and Advanced Techniques in Analytical Cytology CY FEB 11-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE analytical cytology; flow cytometry; fluorescence lifetime; phase-sensitive detection; light scatter; cellular autofluorescence AB A phase-sensitive flow cytometer has been developed to measure fluorescence emission signals from particles and cells labelled with fluorophores based on excited-state lifetimes (expressed as phase shifts) (Cytometry 14:210, 1993) and to quantify fluorescence lifetimes directly as a parameter in real time (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64:3440, 1993). This instrument combines flow cytometry (FCM) and frequency-domain, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique features for making analytical cytology measurements in flow, while maintaining conventional FCM measurement capabilities. In this study we present the underlying theory of the phase-sensitive detector, along with the principles of phase-sensitive detection with respect to resolving fluorescence emission signals from background interferences caused by 1) Rayleigh scatter, 2) unbound/free dye, and 3) low-level intrinsic cellular autofluorescence, all based on differences in phase-shifts of the signals input to a phase-sensitive detector with respect to a fixed reference signal. Investigative studies directed at detecting and eliminating particle- and cell-associated and steady-state background interferences in fluorescence measurements are underway. Examples to illustrate the application of this new technology to biological problems encountered in now cytometry applications will be presented. RP Steinkamp, JA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2393-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2982 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1117/12.273642 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BH79V UT WOS:A1997BH79V00052 ER PT J AU Wu, ZL Thomasen, M Kuo, PK Lu, YS Stolz, C Kozlowski, M AF Wu, ZL Thomasen, M Kuo, PK Lu, YS Stolz, C Kozlowski, M TI Photothermal characterization of optical thin film coatings SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Conference on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT, 1996 CL BOULDER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical thin films; laser damage; optical absorption; thermal conductivity; localized defects; photothermal technique; nondestructive evaluation; overview ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; LOCAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEFLECTION TECHNIQUE; ABSORPTION; DISPLACEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; DAMAGE; SOLIDS; PROBE AB Photothermal techniques are widely used in thin film characterizations and are particularly useful in studying laser-induced damage in optical coatings. The specific applications include measuring weak absorption, characterizing thermal conductivity, detecting local defects, and monitoring laser-interaction dynamics and determining laser damage thresholds as well as thermal impedance at boundaries of multilayers. We take an overview of the principle of photothermal techniques, the various detection methods, and the progress made during the last decade in applying these techniques to optical thin films. The further potential and limitations of the techniques will also be discussed, with emphasis on in situ studies of laser interaction with thin films and local defects. (C) 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,DETROIT,MI 48201. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Wu, ZL (reprint author), EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,YPSILANTI,MI 48197, USA. NR 89 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1117/1.601125 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA WD106 UT WOS:A1997WD10600035 ER PT S AU Taylor, JR Chow, R Primdahl, KA Willis, JB Wong, JN AF Taylor, JR Chow, R Primdahl, KA Willis, JB Wong, JN BE Stahl, HP TI Specification of optical components for a high average-power laser environment SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing II CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical specifications; precision optics; subsurface damage; low absorption materials and coatings; microscopic surface and coating defects; laser damage threshold AB Optical component specifications for the high-average-power lasers and transport system used in the Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) plant must address demanding system performance requirements. The need for high performance optics has to be balanced against the practical desire to reduce the supply risks of cost and schedule. This is addressed in optical system design, careful planning with the optical industry, demonstration of plant quality parts, qualification of optical suppliers and processes, comprehensive procedures for evaluation and test, and a plan for corrective action. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Taylor, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2556-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3134 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1117/12.279121 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BK19B UT WOS:000071451800002 ER PT S AU Chow, R Taylor, JR Eickelberg, WK Primdahl, KA AF Chow, R Taylor, JR Eickelberg, WK Primdahl, KA BE Stahl, HP TI Testing of optical components to assure performance in a high average power environment SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing II CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE photothermal deflection; absorption; total internal reflection microscopy; interferometry AB Evaluation and testing of the optical components used in the Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) plant is critical for qualification of suppliers, development of new optical multilayer designs and manufacturing processes, and assurance of performance in the production cycle. The range of specifications requires development of specialized test equipment and methods which are not routine or readily available in industry. Specifications are given on material characteristics such as index homogeneity, subsurface damage left after polishing, microscopic surface defects and contamination, coating absorption, and high average power laser damage. The approach to testing these performance characteristics and assuring the quality throughout the production cycle is described. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2556-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3134 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.279124 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BK19B UT WOS:000071451800003 ER PT S AU Evans, BM Miller, AC Egert, CM AF Evans, BM Miller, AC Egert, CM BE Stahl, HP TI Comparison of materials for use in the precision grinding of optical components SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing II CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ductile grinding; microgrinding; superabrasive grinding; silicon carbide; sapphire; BK7 AB Precision grinding of optical components is becoming an accepted practice for rapidly and deterministically fabrication optical surfaces to final or near-final surface finish and figure. In this paper, a comparison of grinding techniques and materials is performed. Flat and spherical surfaces were ground in three different substrate materials: BK7 glass, chemical vapor deposited (CVD) silicon carbide ceramic, and sapphire. Spherical surfaces were used to determine the contouring capacity of the process, and flat surfaces were used for surface finish measurements. The recently developed Precitech Optimum 2800 diamond turning and grinding platform was used to grind surfaces in 40mm diameter substrates sapphire and silicon carbide substrates and 200 mm BK7 glass substrates using diamond grinding wheels. The results of this study compare the surface finish and figure for the three materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Evans, BM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2556-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3134 BP 190 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.295127 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BK19B UT WOS:000071451800020 ER PT S AU Berggren, RR Schmell, RA AF Berggren, RR Schmell, RA BE Stahl, HP TI Pad polishing for rapid production of large flags SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing II CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical polishing; optical fabrication; rapid fabrication; pad polishing AB Pad polishing is an efficient technique for polishing-out a ground surface and reaching a figure better than one wave, ready for completion with less than an hour on a planetary polisher. Recent work has shown success on 350 mm square parts; current work involves scaling the process to 1.4 meter diameter; For the 350 mm square piece of BK-7, removal was one micrometer every 10 minutes. Polishing-out from a 5 micrometer grind took less than 3 hours, to a surface smoothnes of one nm rms. Other tests verified that the pad leaves no unusual subsurface damage. Following completion on a pitch planetary polisher, surface finish is the same as obtained for conventional processing. Unlike pitch, the pad retains its surface figure, producing a uniform result when used on a production basis. Coupled with the speed of production and low capital cost of overarm machines, it provides a cost-effective approach. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berggren, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2556-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3134 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.295131 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BK19B UT WOS:000071451800027 ER PT S AU Miller, AC Cuttino, JF AF Miller, AC Cuttino, JF BE Stahl, HP TI Performance evaluation and optimization of a fast tool servo for single point diamond turning machines SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing II CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE diamond turning; SPDT; fast tool servo; ultraprecision control system; anamorphic optics AB This payer describes a new, fast tool servo system designed for fabrication of non-rotationally symmetric components using single point diamond turning machines. A prototype device, designed for flexible interfacing to typical machine tool controllers, will be described along with performance testing data of tilted flat and off-axis conic sections. Evaluation data show that servo produced surfaces have an RMS roughness less than 175 angstroms (2-200 mu m spatial filter). Techniques for linearizing the hysteretic effects in the piezoelectric actuator ate also discussed. The nonlinear effects due to hysteresis are reduced using a dynamic compensator module in conjunction with a linear controller. The compensator samples the hysteretic voltage/displacement relationship in real time and modifies the effective gain accordingly. Simulation results indicate Chat errors in the performance of the system caused by hysteresis in the system can be compensated and reduced by 90%. Experimental implementation results in an 80% reduction in the motion error caused by hysteresis, but peak-to-valley errors are limited by side effects from the compensation. The uncompensated servo system demonstrated a peak-to-valley error of less than 0.80 micrometer for an off-axis conic section turned on-axis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2556-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3134 BP 318 EP 328 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA BK19B UT WOS:000071451800034 ER PT S AU Day, RD Armijo, E Gobby, P Hatch, D Rivera, G Salzer, L Townsend, J AF Day, RD Armijo, E Gobby, P Hatch, D Rivera, G Salzer, L Townsend, J BE Stahl, HP TI Rapid fabrication and characterization of sine wave targets SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing II CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE precision machining; controlled fusion AB The effect of surface perturbations on Inertial Confinement Fusion target performance is currently being researched at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). These perturbations can cause hydrodynamic instabilities which in turn reduce the targets' yield. To systematically measure the growth of these instabilities requires targets to be produced which have perturbations of a known amplitude and spatial frequency. We have recently assembled hardware onto one of our diamond turning lathes which enables us to machine and measure these sine waves in about 15 minutes. This is a significant reduction in time from the two and one half hours required by the previous method. This paper discusses the hardware, how it works, and how well the system is working for us to produce these targets. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2556-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3134 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1117/12.279128 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BK19B UT WOS:000071451800036 ER PT B AU vonRottkay, K Richardson, T Rubin, M Slack, J Masetti, E AF vonRottkay, K Richardson, T Rubin, M Slack, J Masetti, E BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Gratzel, M Deb, SK TI Effective medium approximation of the optical properties of electrochromic cerium-titanium oxide compounds SO OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XV CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE electrochromic; cerium titanium oxide; optical constants; effective medium theory AB Cerium titanium oxide samples produced by sol-gel have been compared against sputtered and pulsed laser deposited films over a wide range of different compositions. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the structural properties of the compound material existing in a two-phase mixture MAO2-MBO2. The optical properties were evaluated over the whole solar spectrum by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with spectrophotometry. The spectral complex refractive index was determined for CeO2 and TiO2, as well as for their compounds. To reduce the large number of permutations in composition of multi-component oxides it would be useful to be able to predict the properties of the mixtures from the pure oxide components. Therefore these results were compared to those obtained by effective medium theory utilizing the optical constants of CeO2 and TiO2. In order to investigate the performance as passive counter-electrode in Li+ based electrochromic devices the films were tested by cyclic voltammetry with in-situ transmission control. Chemical composition was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. RP vonRottkay, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2560-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3138 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78M UT WOS:A1997BJ78M00002 ER PT B AU Czanderna, AW Zhang, JG Tracy, CE Benson, DK Deb, SK AF Czanderna, AW Zhang, JG Tracy, CE Benson, DK Deb, SK BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Gratzel, M Deb, SK TI Accelerated life testing of large-area electrochromic devices for window applications SO OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XV CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE electrochromic windows; accelerated life testing; large-component environmental chambers; durability criteria; large-area devices; degradation factors; degradation stresses; energy savings AB Initial accelerated durability testing efforts of approximately 12'' (0.3 m) x 12'' (0.3 m) electrochromic windows (ECWs) suitable for buildings applications are reported. A brief overview is given about using ECWs for saving energy, the concomitant performance criteria, degradative factors that may limit ECW durability, and accelerated life testing (ACLT) methods. The ACLT methods are required because no widely accepted procedures have been established for the real time testing of ECWs and because we cannot wait 20 or more years for the real-lime evaluation for each window design. These methods include (a) the rapid but realistic I-V cyclic tests emphasizing the electrical properties, (b) the ACLT parameters that are typically used in durability tests by standards organizations, (c) the ACLT parameters we have been using to test large-area ECWs, and (d) how the results must be related to real-time testing. We present the quantitative parameters in (a) (c) and include a detailed description of the procedures for using an Atlas XR-260 chamber with a 4' x 6' horizontal test plane on which the ECWs are positioned. The uniformity of the xenon-produced simulated solar irradiance and UV in the test plane, the variation in ECW temperatures during coloring and bleaching cycles, the stability of the chamber temperature, the methods of temperature and UV measurement, and our rationale for not using high relative humidity during testing is described. The procedures used for continuous and cyclic coloring and bleaching of the ECWs and the electro-optical measurement or the transmittance before and after cycling at 60 +/-5 degrees C in the environmental chamber are described. Typical results reported to the manufacturers of the ECWs are illustrated for the trapezoidal voltage waveform for coloring and bleaching, the corresponding luminous transmittance spectra and their changes with cycling, and the decrease in the luminous transmittance ratio resulting from ECW degradation. RP Czanderna, AW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,MS3214,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2560-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3138 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1117/12.609633 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78M UT WOS:A1997BJ78M00009 ER PT B AU Bhattacharya, RN Granata, JE Batchelor, W Hasoon, F Wiesner, H Ramanathan, K Keane, J Noufi, RN Sites, JR AF Bhattacharya, RN Granata, JE Batchelor, W Hasoon, F Wiesner, H Ramanathan, K Keane, J Noufi, RN Sites, JR BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Gratzel, M Deb, SK TI CuIn1-xGaxSe2-based photovoltaic cells from electrodeposited precursor SO OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XV CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE electrodeposition; copper-indium-gallium-selenide; physical vapor deposition; photovoltaic device AB We have fabricated 13.7%-efficient CuIn1-XGaXSe2 (CIGS)-based devices from electrodeposited precursors. As deposited electrodeposited precursors are Cu-rich films. Additional In, Ga, and Se were added to the electrodeposited precursor film by physical evaporation to adjust the final composition to CuIn1-xGaxSe2. Three devices with Ga/(In+Ga) ratio of 0.16, 0.26, and 0.39 were fabricated from electrodeposited precursors. The films/devices have been characterized by inductive-coupled plasma spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, current-voltage characteristics, capacitance-voltage, and spectral response. The electrodeposited device parameters are compared with those of a 17.7% physical vapor deposited device. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2560-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3138 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.279196 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78M UT WOS:A1997BJ78M00011 ER PT B AU Gregg, BA Bechinger, C Pitts, R AF Gregg, BA Bechinger, C Pitts, R BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Gratzel, M Deb, SK TI Photoelectrochromic smart windows SO OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XV CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE electrochromic; photochromic; photoelectrochromic; dye-sensitization; smart windows AB Electrochromic films have been combined with photoelectrochemical electrodes to make a self-powered smart window. These ''photoelectrochromic'' smart windows combine the advantages of photochromic films, namely that they are self-powered by the incident light, with the advantages of electrochromic windows, such as the ability to control the state of coloration externally when desired. When the windows are short-circuited, the observable process is photochromism, but the mechanism is unique and has several potential advantages over conventional photochromic films. The light absorbing process is physically separate from the coloration process, allowing each to be individually optimized. The materials constraints are greatly relaxed compared to single-component photochromic films in which one material must meet all criteria (color change, switching speed, photostability, etc.). Furthermore, since the coloration process in a PEC cell requires an external electrical current between the two electrodes, a particular state (transparent, absorbing, or imaged) can either be stored when the electrodes are at open circuit, or can be changed when the electrodes are connected. The light-absorbing function in the PEC cell is performed by a dye-sensitized semiconductor electrode that produces a photovoltage sufficient to color the electrochromic film deposited on the counterelectrode. We describe the dye sensitization process, its advantages over conventional photovoltaic devices in applications such as smart windows, and recent developments in photoelectrochromic smart windows. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2560-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3138 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.279201 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78M UT WOS:A1997BJ78M00014 ER PT B AU Blake, DM MagriniBair, K Wolfrum, E May, EK AF Blake, DM MagriniBair, K Wolfrum, E May, EK BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Gratzel, M Deb, SK TI Materials issues in solar detoxification of air and water SO OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion XV CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE solar detoxification; solar photoreactors; catalysts; materials of construction AB The technical feasibility of photocatalytic oxidation and reduction technology for the removal of hazardous chemicals or microorganisms from contaminated water and air is well established. The heterogeneous process based on titanium dioxide photocatalysts is the most developed but homogeneous systems are also under development. Treatment equipment using fluorescent lamps as the photon source and supported heterogeneous photocatalysts are commercially available and one-sun and parabolic solar reactor designs have been demonstrated. Cost and performance of the solar processes have not yet reached levels that make them attractive relative to conventional alternatives. Cost reductions and increased performance require improvements in optical materials for reactors, reactor/collector design and materials of construction, durable catalyst materials and support structures, and significant improvement in the utilization of the solar spectrum in the photochemical processes. The current state of the art for solar reactors for treatment of contaminated air and water will be presented and the opportunities for improvement will be identified. RP Blake, DM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011; OI Wolfrum, Edward/0000-0002-7361-8931 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2560-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3138 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.290206 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BJ78M UT WOS:A1997BJ78M00018 ER PT S AU Klimov, V McBranch, D Barashkov, N Ferraris, J AF Klimov, V McBranch, D Barashkov, N Ferraris, J BE Vardeny, ZV Rothberg, LJ TI Exciton and biexciton signatures in femtosecond transient absorption of pi-conjugated oligomers SO OPTICAL PROBES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE pi-conjugated oligomers; transient absorption; excitons; biexcitons AB We report femtosecond transient-absorption studies of a five-ring oligomer of polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) prepared in two different forms: as solid-state films And dilute solutions. Both types of samples exhibit a photoinduced absorption (PA) band with dynamics which closely match those of the stimulated emission (SE), demonstrating unambiguously that these features originate from the same species, namely front intrachain singlet excitons. Photo-chemical degradation of the solid-state samples is demonstrated to dramatically shorten the SE dynamics above a moderate incident pump fluence, whereupon the dynamics of the SE and the long-wavelength PA no longer coincide. In contrast to solutions, solid-state films exhibit an additional short-wavelength PA band with pump-independent dynamics, indicating the efficient formation of non-emissive inter-chain excitons. Correlations in the subpicosecond dynamics of the two PA features, as well as the pump intensity-dependence provide strong evidence that the formation of inter-chain excitons is mediated by intrachain two-exciton states. At high pump levels, we see a clear indication of interaction between excited states also in dilute solutions. This is manifested as a superlinear pump-dependence and shortening of the decay dynamics of the SE. We attribute this behavior to the formation of biexcitons resulting from coherent interaction between two excitons on a single chain. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2567-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3145 BP 58 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.295539 PG 11 WC Optics; Polymer Science SC Optics; Polymer Science GA BK21P UT WOS:000071550000006 ER PT S AU Wei, X Donohoe, RJ Wang, WZ Bishop, AR Gammel, JT AF Wei, X Donohoe, RJ Wang, WZ Bishop, AR Gammel, JT BE Vardeny, ZV Rothberg, LJ TI Quantum spin fluctuations in quasi-one-dimensional chlorine-bridged platinum complexes SO OPTICAL PROBES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE electron spin resonance; spin dynamics; many-body theory; quantum tunneling; M-X materials; nonadiabatic methods AB We report experimental and theoretical studies of spin dynamic process in the quasi-one-dimensional chlorine-bridged platinum complex, [Pt-II(en)(2)][Pt-IV(en)(2)Cl-2](ClO4)(4), where en = ethylenediamine, C2N2H8. The process manifests itself in collapsing of the hyperfine and superhyperfrne structures in the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum and non-statistical distribution of spectral weight of the Pt isotopes. More surprisingly, it is activated only at temperatures below 6 K. We interpret the phenomenon in terms of quantum tunneling of the electronic spin in a strong electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling regime. This is modeled using a non-adiabatic many-body approach, in which polarons and solitons represent local spin-Peierls regions in a strongly disproportional charge-density-wave background and display intriguing spin-charge separation in the form of pinned charge and tunneling spin fluctuations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wei, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2567-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3145 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.279272 PG 10 WC Optics; Polymer Science SC Optics; Polymer Science GA BK21P UT WOS:000071550000010 ER PT S AU Partee, J Shinar, J Graupner, W Leising, G Jessen, SW Epstein, AJ Ding, Y Barton, TJ AF Partee, J Shinar, J Graupner, W Leising, G Jessen, SW Epstein, AJ Ding, Y Barton, TJ BE Vardeny, ZV Rothberg, LJ TI Long-lived polarons and triplet excitons in ladder-type poly(p-phenylenes) and poly(p-phenyleneethynylenes) SO OPTICAL PROBES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE polarons; interchain polaron pairs; triplet excitons; singlet excitons; photoluminescence (PL); optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR); PL-deteced magnetic resonance (PLDMR) AB Recent X-band optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) studies of spin 1/2 polaron and spin 1 triplet exciton dynamics in ladder-type poly(p-phenylene) (LPPP) and poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) films and solutions are described. The results suggest that the polaron resonance is due to interchain polaron pairs with lifetimes 10 mu s less than or equal to tau less than or equal to 4 ms range. The absence of delayed fluorescence at such times as well as other observations lead to the conclusion that the mechanism responsible for this resonance is the nonradiative quenching of singlet excitons by the polarons, whose population decreases at the field-for-resonance. The full-field triplet pattern is 700 - 1200 G wide, consistent with a triplet localized on a phenylene ring. In frozen toluene solutions of PPE, the amplitudes Delta I/I of both the polaron and half-field triplet resonances decrease similarly with concentration, and increase similarly with laser power P as P-alpha, where 1/3 less than or equal to alpha less than or equal to 1/2. Hence, the triplet resonance is believed to be due to triplets intrinsically trapped and stabilized at similar interchain sites. Possible scenarios which link the processes yielding the resonances are also discussed. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Partee, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2567-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3145 BP 118 EP 131 DI 10.1117/12.295527 PG 14 WC Optics; Polymer Science SC Optics; Polymer Science GA BK21P UT WOS:000071550000012 ER PT S AU Yu, ZG Saxena, A Bishop, AR AF Yu, ZG Saxena, A Bishop, AR BE Vardeny, ZV Rothberg, LJ TI Variational studies on charge transfer polymer SO OPTICAL PROBES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE charge transfer; exciton; polymer; dopant AB The photoinduced charge transfer between a conjugated polymer chain and an adjacent dopant molecule is studied by constructing a variational wavefunction for the whole system including the chain and dopant;. The dopant is modeled by assuming it has an acceptor level for the electron and interacts with the polymer chain only via a nearest neighbor hopping. The initial exciton state in the polymer is calculated from a recently developed exciton theory for conjugated polymers. The variational wavefunction contains two terms: the first term describes the exciton as confined to the chain while the other describes the electron, with different electron momenta corresponding to different probability of transfer to the dopant. Minimizing the energy of the variational state we obtain an equation from which the energy of the variation state and associated probability of charge transfer can be calculated. It is shown that a. crossover occurs when the acceptor level approaches the exciton energy. When the energy of the acceptor level is higher than a critical value, the electron mainly remains on the chain, otherwise the electron will transfer to the dopant molecule with high probability. The hopping strength and the dopant concentration influence charge transfer by controlling the width of the crossover energy regime. Our results also indicate that the symmetry of the exciton wavefunction is important to charge transfer. For the A(g) exciton, there exists a threshold for the acceptor level, below this value the electron will transfer to the dopant completely. In contrast: for the B-u exciton there is a long tail below the critical value, implying that the electron can still be found on the polymer chain with some likelihood. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yu, ZG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2567-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3145 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1117/12.279283 PG 11 WC Optics; Polymer Science SC Optics; Polymer Science GA BK21P UT WOS:000071550000030 ER PT B AU Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ Jack, DA Johnson, TM Miller, HD AF Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ Jack, DA Johnson, TM Miller, HD BE Chance, B Alfano, RR TI Measurement of absorption coefficients in small volumes of highly-scattering media SO OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF TISSUE: THEORY, INSTRUMENTATION, MODEL, AND HUMAN STUDIES II, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue - Theory, Instrumentation, Model, and Human Studies II CY FEB 09-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE absorption coefficients; turbid media; scattering media; optical properties AB The measurement of absorption coefficients in small volumes of turbid media using endoscope-compatible probes potentially has many applications including the assessment of concentrations of PDT rind chemotherapy drugs in tissue, Methods for determination of absorption coefficients in small volumes for which the diffusion approximation is invalid have not previously been developed, Our aim is to develop a technique for measuring small changes in absorption based on broad wavelength, cw measurements. Our primary approach is to develop phenomenological algorithms based on the results of Monte Carlo simulations of light transport. The algorithms are tested using tissue phantoms to which known amounts of an absorber have been added, Results indicate that for some light excitation and collection geometries the average pathlength for the collected light does not depend on the scattering properties for the range of scattering parameters expected in tissue. RP Mourant, JR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOSCI & BIOTECHNOL GRP,MS E535,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2390-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2979 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1117/12.280257 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ71N UT WOS:A1997BJ71N00033 ER PT B AU Hielscher, AH Alcouffe, RE Barbour, RL AF Hielscher, AH Alcouffe, RE Barbour, RL BE Chance, B Alfano, RR TI Transport and diffusion calculations on MRI-generated data SO OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF TISSUE: THEORY, INSTRUMENTATION, MODEL, AND HUMAN STUDIES II, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue - Theory, Instrumentation, Model, and Human Studies II CY FEB 09-12, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Int Biomed Opt soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg Inc DE photon propagation in tissues; transport theory; diffusion theory; discrete ordinate; finite difference; brain; magnetic resonance imaging AB In this study we analyze the limits of the diffusion approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation for photon propagation in the human brain. Two dimensional slices through the head are obtained with the method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on these images we assign optical properties to different regions of the brain. A finite-difference transport/diffusion code is then used to calculate the fluence throughout the head. Differences between diffusion and transport calculations occur especially in void-like spaces and regions where the absorption coefficient is comparable to the reduced scattering coefficient. RP Hielscher, AH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2390-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2979 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.1117/12.280284 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ71N UT WOS:A1997BJ71N00056 ER PT J AU Nelson, DV Makino, A Fuchs, EA AF Nelson, DV Makino, A Fuchs, EA TI The holographic-hole drilling method for residual stress determination SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY AB Holographic-hole drilling is a method developed for the rapid determination of residual stresses from an optical interference fringe pattern. A small diameter blind hole is drilled into a part containing residual stresses, and the displacements caused by localized stress relief are registered by real-time holographic interferometry. The resulting fringe pattern is evaluated to calculate residual stresses, using a simple 'fringe counting' method described here. Results of applying the method in laboratory tests to a variety of uniform biaxial states-of-stress from equibiaxial compression to pure shear are shown. Two sample applications of the method, the evaluation of residual stresses at a cold-worked hole and at a weld bead, are also given. Extensions of the method to evaluate stresses non-uniform in depth and/or along the surface are discussed. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,MAT PERFORMANCE DEPT,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Nelson, DV (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT ENGN MECH,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(97)89899-5 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA WE416 UT WOS:A1997WE41600002 ER PT J AU Perry, KE Epstein, JS Clark, DE AF Perry, KE Epstein, JS Clark, DE TI Phase shift moire studies of processing-induced residual strains in Nickel 200 spot welds SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Processing-induced residual strains in solid cylinders of Nickel 200 were investigated using phase shifting moire interferometry. Two different experimental approaches were used to study the strains produced during Tungsten-inert gas spot welding. A comparison of results for a 'hot/fast' and a 'cool/slow' weld demonstrate the capabilities of the general approach. Both experimental methods revealed distinct differences in the residual displacement and strain fields between the two types of welds. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Perry, KE (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB, POB 1625, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PY 1997 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0143-8166(95)00009-7 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA WE416 UT WOS:A1997WE41600008 ER PT B AU LilientalWeber, Z Ruvimov, S Swider, W Washburn, J Li, M Li, GS ChangHasnain, C Weber, ER AF LilientalWeber, Z Ruvimov, S Swider, W Washburn, J Li, M Li, GS ChangHasnain, C Weber, ER BE Park, YS Ramaswamy, RV TI Al-based thermal oxides in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy AB The microstructure of wet oxidized layers for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELS) was studied by transmission electron microscopy. These oxides were formed by reaction of AlxGa1-xAs (x similar to 0-0.2) with H2O vapor at elevated temperatures (similar to 400-450 degrees C). Due to the excellent carrier confinement provided by the oxidized layer, VCSELS have very low threshold currents and high efficiencies. This study revealed the accumulation of excess As at the interfaces with the oxidized layers and occasionally at the sample surface. To avoid this As accumulation on the sample surface, GaInP layers were grown on top of AlGaAs/GaAs layers. In this case no As was found at the layer surface. In addition, substantial shrinkage was found after oxidation, and the formation of large pores at the interface between the oxide and the high Al content layer, which might be detrimental for the device performance. The dependence of the oxide and interface quality on the composition of the oxidized layers, oxidation time and temperature are discussed in relation to the optical quality of VCSELS. RP LilientalWeber, Z (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2417-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3006 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.264224 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH15A UT WOS:A1997BH15A00002 ER PT B AU Carson, RF Hardin, TL Warren, ME Lear, KL Lovejoy, ML Seigal, PK Craft, DC Enquist, PJ AF Carson, RF Hardin, TL Warren, ME Lear, KL Lovejoy, ML Seigal, PK Craft, DC Enquist, PJ BE Chen, RT Guilfoyle, PS TI Low-power multi-chip module and board-level links for data transfer SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTERCONNECTS AND PACKAGING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Interconnects and Packaging IV CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE photonic interconnects; low-power data links; VCSELs; photoreceivers; micro-optics AB Advanced device technologies such as Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) and diffractive micro lenses can be combined with novel packaging techniques to allow low-power interconnection of parallel optical signals. These interconnections can be realized directly on circuit boards, in a multi-chip module format, or in packages that emulate electrical connectors. For applications such as stacking of Multi-Chip Module (MCM) layers, the links may be realized in bi-directionaI form using integrated diffractive microlenses. in the stacked MCM design, consumed electrical power is minimized by use of a relatively high laser output from high efficiency VCSELs, and a receiver design that is optimized for low power, at the expense of dynamic range. Within certain constraints, the design may be extended to other forms such as board-level interconnects. RP Carson, RF (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2416-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3005 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.271077 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BH70F UT WOS:A1997BH70F00012 ER PT B AU Basdogan, I Royston, TJ Shabana, AA Barraza, J Shu, DM Kuzay, TM AF Basdogan, I Royston, TJ Shabana, AA Barraza, J Shu, DM Kuzay, TM BE Hatheway, AE TI Analysis of high-precision optical positioning systems for vibration stability at the Advanced Photon Source SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND PRECISION INSTRUMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Precision Instruments CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multibody systems; positioning stability; optics; vibration isolation; synchrotron radiation AB Optical support systems actuated by multi-degree-of-freedom, high-precision positioning stages are used for beamline components at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. Positioning precision and stability for these components is critical as they interface with a high-brilliance synchrotron radiation beam. Stability may be compromised by seismic and facility-borne vibrations traveling through the ground and/or vibrations from flow/structure interactions in the cooling systems of the mounted optical components. A study was undertaken to develop accurate models that predict support system response to vibratory excitations. The dynamic properties of the complex linkages and joints that comprise the positioning systems are not easily described by simple formulations. In this article, improved models for these devices have been developed via theoretical, computational and experimental techniques. Linkage component models are integrated into a multi-body system model, which is then used to predict the dynamic response of the optical positioning assembly. Predicted mode shapes and natural frequencies compare well with experimental findings. These models can now then be used to facilitate future design improvements for the next-generation beamlines. RP Basdogan, I (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2554-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3132 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.284083 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ78L UT WOS:A1997BJ78L00006 ER PT B AU Duarte, R Howells, MR Hussain, Z Lauritzen, T McGill, R Moler, E Spring, J AF Duarte, R Howells, MR Hussain, Z Lauritzen, T McGill, R Moler, E Spring, J BE Hatheway, AE TI A linear motion machine for soft x-ray interferometry SO OPTOMECHANICAL DESIGN AND PRECISION INSTRUMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optomechanical Design and Precision Instruments CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE flexure; rectilinear; linear; x-ray; interferometer AB A Fourier Transform X-ray Spectrometer has been designed and built for use at the Advanced light source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The design requires a total rectilinear motion of 15 mm with a maximum pitch error of the stage below +/-0.4 mu radians, to achieve this we chose to build the entire machine as a single monolithic flexure. A hydraulic driver with sliding O-ring seals was developed with the intention to provide motion with a stick-slip position error of less than 0.8 nm at a uniform velocity of 20 mu m/sec. The machine is comprised of two pairs of nested linear motion flexures, all of which are articulated by specially designed flexural hinges. The behavior of the machine has been measured and is well explained by means of a theory published earlier by Hathaway. Certain manufacturing errors were successfully corrected by an extra weak-link feature in the monolith frame. The engineering details of all the subsystems of the linear motion machine are described and the measured performance reported. RP Duarte, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2554-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3132 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1117/12.279100 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BJ78L UT WOS:A1997BJ78L00022 ER PT S AU Shinar, J Tang, H Li, F AF Shinar, J Tang, H Li, F BE Kafafi, ZH TI On the electrode organic layer interfaces in organic LEDs SO ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE aluminum oxide (Al2O3) buffer; amino oxadiazole fluorene (AODF); indium tin oxide (ITO); aquaregia treatment of; triphenyl diamine (TPD); 4,4 ',4 ''-tris(N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylamine-triphenylamine); 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq(3)) AB The effects of (i) aquaregia-treatment of the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate anode and (ii) a controlled Al2O3 buffer between the emitting layer (EML and the Al cathode layer on tile behavior of efficient vacuum evaporated multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is described. The organic layers include hole transporting layers (HTLs) such as "3-armed star" 4,4',4 "-tris(N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylamine-triphenylamine) and triphenyl diamine TPD). and the EMLs consist either of green-emitting 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq(3)) or blue-emitting amino oxadiazole fluorene (AODF). While the aquaregia treatment enhances the performance, the optimized treatment depends on the HTL. This observation implies that the enhancement is due not only to contact area effects. Similarly, an Al2O3 layer of suitable thickness also enhances the current injection and EL output significantly. This enhancement is believed to be due to increased charge carrier density near the HTL/EML interface which results from removal of the intrinsic organic/Al interface gap states which trap injected carriers and quench singlet excitons nonradiatively. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2570-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3148 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.295546 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Optics SC Chemistry; Optics GA BK34P UT WOS:000071859600026 ER PT J AU Meffe, GK AF Meffe, GK TI War of the worlds, 1996 SO ORYX LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. RP Meffe, GK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WM867 UT WOS:A1997WM86700002 ER PT B AU Thompson, M Johnston, W Guojun, J Lee, J Tierney, B Terdiman, JF AF Thompson, M Johnston, W Guojun, J Lee, J Tierney, B Terdiman, JF BE Horii, SC Blaine, GJ TI Distributed health care imaging information systems SO PACS DESIGN AND EVALUATION: ENGINEERING AND CLINICAL ISSUES - MEDICAL IMAGING 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on PACS Design and Evaluation - Engineering and Clinical Issues, at the Medical Imaging 1997 Meeting CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE large data-objects; distributed architectures; digital images; medical imaging; Web-based libraries AB We have developed an ATM network-based system to collect and catalogue cardio-angiogram videos from the source at a Kaiser central facility and make them available for viewing by doctors at primary care Kaiser facilities. This an example of the general problem of diagnostic data being generated at tertiary (centralized) facilities, while the images, or other large data objects they produce, need to be used from a variety of other locations such as doctor's offices or local hospitals. We describe the use of a highly distributed computing and storage architecture to provide all aspects of collecting, storing, analyzing, and accessing such large data-objects in a metropolitan area ATM network. Our Large Data-object Management system provides network interface between the object sources, the data management system and the user of the data. As the data is being stored, a cataloguing system automatically creates and stores condensed versions of the data, textual metadata and pointers to the original data. The catalogue system provides a Web-based graphical interface to the data. The user is able the view the low-resolution data with a standard Internet connection and Web browser. If high-resolution is required, a high-speed connection and special application programs can be used to view the high-resolution original data. RP Thompson, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2446-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3035 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.274557 PG 10 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH98D UT WOS:A1997BH98D00012 ER PT J AU Gropp, W Lusk, E AF Gropp, W Lusk, E TI A high-performance MPI implementation on a shared-memory vector supercomputer SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Message-Passing Interface; shared-memory multiprocessor; NEC SX-4; MPICH; performance; implementation AB In this article we recount the sequence of steps by which MPICH, a high-performance, portable implementation of the Message-Passing Interface (MPI) standard, was ported to the NEC SX-4, a high-performance parallel supercomputer. Each step in the sequence raised issues that are important for shared-memory programming in general and shed light on both MPICH and the SX-4. The result is a low-latency, very high bandwidth implementation of MPI for the NEC SX-4, In the process, MPICH was also improved in several general ways. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 11 BP 1513 EP 1526 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(96)00062-2 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA WF556 UT WOS:A1997WF55600006 ER PT J AU Chou, WR AF Chou, WR TI Summary report of the Intensity Limitations Working Group SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE hadron collider; proton synchrotron; intensity; emittance AB This paper summarizes the findings of the Intensity Limitations Working Group at the LHC96 Workshop. Discussions are focused on the three synchrotrons in the injector chain of the LHC, namely, the PSB, the PS and the SPS. Potential bottlenecks for reaching the nominal as well as the ultimate LHC beam intensity are identified and possible solutions are suggested. In addition, a comparison of proton synchrotron performance and a survey of machine impedance and simulation codes for instability studies are presented. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chou, WR (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ZB471 UT WOS:000072475300002 ER PT J AU Lambertson, GR AF Lambertson, GR TI Summary of the working group on emittance control SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE collective effects; damping; emittance; feedback; filamentation; kickers AB The working group on emittance control judged what corrections are needed to prevent unacceptable growth of emittances in the acceleration processes for the beam to be injected into the LHC. Estimates are made of the disburbing effects. Improvements in transport devices and in feedback systems are specified. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lambertson, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ZB471 UT WOS:000072475300004 ER PT J AU Holmes, SD AF Holmes, SD TI Design criteria and performance goals for the Fermilab Main Injector SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE synchrotron; proton; antiproton; collider; upgrade AB Fermilab is in the midst of a major upgrade program aimed at producing al least a factor of five improvement in the luminosity performance of the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. The key element in this program is construction of a new 150 GeV accelerator, the Fermilab Main Injector. Performance goals and design criteria for the Main Injector accelerator are described. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Holmes, SD (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 51 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ZB471 UT WOS:000072475300005 ER PT J AU Moore, C Annala, J AF Moore, C Annala, J TI Emittance dilution in transfers from the main ring to the Tevatron SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE emittance dilution; Tevatron AB This paper delineates the steps taken to understand the sources of an apparent growth in emittance which was observed in proton and antiproton transfers from the Main Ring (MR) to the Tevatron (TEV) in Collider Run I, and which then lead to the discovery of the main source. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Moore, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ZB471 UT WOS:000072475300014 ER PT J AU Fischer, W Mackay, WW Peggs, S Wei, J AF Fischer, W Mackay, WW Peggs, S Wei, J TI Emittance growth in RHIC during injection SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE emittance growth; injection AB Various processes will lead to emittance growth in RHIC during injection. The effects of steering errors, optical mismatch, space charge and intrabeam scattering are estimated. The transverse and longitudinal emittance growths are computed for protons and fully stripped gold ions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 191 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ZB471 UT WOS:000072475300015 ER PT J AU Corbett, WJ Robin, D Safranek, J Ziemann, V AF Corbett, WJ Robin, D Safranek, J Ziemann, V TI Debugging real accelerators SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on High Brightness Beams for Large Hadron Colliders CY OCT 13-18, 1996 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE beam optic; diagnostic AB Particle losses and emittance growth in the injection process can result from mismatched injected beams arising from quadrupole errors in the ring and injection line. We describe a method, based on carefully analyzing the BPM-corrector response matrix, which allows to accurately determine quadrupole errors and, at the same time, determine BPM and corrector calibration errors as well as the BPM resolution. Results from SPEAR, NSLS, ALS, and CELSIUS will briefly be described. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Ziemann, V (reprint author), Svedberg Lab, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 200 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA ZB471 UT WOS:000072475300016 ER PT J AU Murphy, JB Krinsky, S Gluckstern, RL AF Murphy, JB Krinsky, S Gluckstern, RL TI Longitudinal wakefield for an electron moving on a circular orbit SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article DE synchrotron radiation; wakefield; impedance ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB Using a time-domain analysis, we determine the longitudinal wakefield of an electron moving on a circular orbit in both free space, and between a pair of symmetrically placed infinitely conducting plates. Our calculation is restricted to points on the circular orbit. We obtain an analytic expression for the short-range wakefield of a highly relativistic electron in free space. For an electron circulating midway between parallel plates, the method of image charges is used to derive the wakefield, exhibit a scaling property and evaluate the scaling functions. As a complement to the time-domain analysis of the wakefield, we discuss its frequency-domain counterpart, the longitudinal coupling impedance. Beginning with a review of the seminar work of Schott from the early part of the century, our presentation continues to the frontier where many new results are provided. RP Murphy, JB (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 25 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 9 EP 64 PG 56 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA XT666 UT WOS:A1997XT66600002 ER PT J AU Byrd, J AF Byrd, J TI Longitudinal beam transfer function diagnostics in an electron storage ring SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article DE beam diagnostics; electron storage ring; synchrotron oscillations AB We describe the technique of longitudinal beam transfer function (BTF) for measuring several properties of longitudinal oscillations in an electron storage ring such as the synchrotron frequency, radiation damping time, and bunch length. We show how the BTF for center-of-charge oscillations is related to the distribution of synchrotron frequencies within the bunch and present the analytic solution of the BTF for a Gaussian distribution oflongitudinal oscillation amplitudes within the bunch at very low current and the dependence of synchrotron frequency on amplitude. We compare the results with measurements made at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) and the Advanced Light Source (ALS). RP Byrd, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 159 EP 173 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YK154 UT WOS:A1997YK15400002 ER PT J AU Prabhakar, S Claus, R Fox, J Hindi, H Linscott, I Olsen, J Ross, W Teytelman, D AF Prabhakar, S Claus, R Fox, J Hindi, H Linscott, I Olsen, J Ross, W Teytelman, D TI Observation and modal analysis of coupled-bunch longitudinal instabilities via a digital feedback control system SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article DE longitudinal instability; coupled-bunch; feedback AB A modal decomposition is used to study the coupled longitudinal motion of electron bunches in a storage ring. The decomposition allows the simultaneous measurement of growth rates and (feedback induced) damping rates of all unstable beam modes via a time-domain transient technique. The damping rates of naturally stable modes are measured via a related external transient technique. The measured rates are compared to projections based on the estimated cavity impedance. Measurements were made using a high-speed digital signal processing system at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Light Source. RP Prabhakar, S (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,2575 SAND HILL RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 57 IS 3 BP 175 EP 187 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YK154 UT WOS:A1997YK15400003 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Nguyen, DC AF Carlsten, BE Nguyen, DC TI Electron bunch compression due to rf forces in an rf photoinjector for small rf launch phases SO PARTICLE ACCELERATORS LA English DT Article DE beam transport; particle dynamics; radio-frequency devices ID LASER AB The compression of a short, low-charge electron bunch in the first cell of an rf photoinjector is calculated for start phases of the electron bunch well before the peak of the accelerating electric field. This bunch compression results from a larger rf acceleration of the rear of the bunch than that of the front of the bunch due to the sinusoidal rime dependence of the rf fields. The calculation in this paper shows that compressions of 50%, and more, of the initial bunch length are possible for early start phases, if the space-charge forces are negligible. Both a very accurate integral representation and a fairly accurate approximate formula for the compression are presented, which are valid for start phases from zero to about pi/2 radians, and for accelerating gradients ranging from those in on-going experiments to gradients several times larger. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0031-2460 J9 PART ACCEL JI Part. Accel. PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 127 EP 145 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA WU006 UT WOS:A1997WU00600001 ER PT S AU Ramsey, GP AF Ramsey, GP BE Faessler, A TI Probing nucleon spins structure SO PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 39 SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Review DE QCD; spin; nucleon structure; deep-inelastic scattering; polarization experiments ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; TO-LEADING-ORDER; BJORKEN SUM-RULE; DEPENDENT PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROMPT PHOTON PRODUCTION; DRELL-YAN PROCESS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; STRANGENESS CONTENT; GLUON POLARIZATION AB One of the important questions in high energy physics is the relation of quark and gluon spin to that of the nucleons which they comprise. Polarization experiments provide a mechanism to probe the spin properties of elementary particles and provide crucial tests of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The theoretical and experimental status of this fundamental question will be reviewed in this paper. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RP Ramsey, GP (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. NR 206 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-08-043294-8 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1997 VL 39 BP 599 EP 653 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00051-3 PG 55 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ49M UT WOS:A1997BJ49M00010 ER PT B AU Vannoni, MG Duggan, RA AF Vannoni, MG Duggan, RA BE Yonas, G TI The role of unattended ground sensors (UGS) in regional confidence building and arms control SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE cooperative monitoring; confidence building; treaty verification; regional arms control; ground sensors AB Although the Cold War has ended, the world has not become more peaceful. Without the stability provided by an international system dominated by two super-powers, local conflicts are more likely to escalate. Agreements to counter destabilizing pressures in regional conflicts can benefit from the use of cooperative monitoring. Cooperative monitoring is the collecting, analyzing, and sharing of information among parties to an agreement. Ground sensor technologies can contribute to the collection of relevant information. If implemented with consideration for local conditions, cooperative monitoring can build confidence, strengthen existing agreements, and set the stage for continued progress. This presentation describes two examples: the Israeli-Egyptian Sinai agreements of the 1970s and a conceptual example for the contemporary Korean Peninsula The Sinai was a precedent for the successful use of UGS within the context of cooperative monitoring. The Korean Peninsula is the world's largest military confrontation. Future confidence building measures that address the security needs of both countries could decrease the danger of conflict and help create an environment for a peace agreement. RP Vannoni, MG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 1373,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.280649 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00001 ER PT B AU Sleefe, GE Peglow, S Hamrick, R AF Sleefe, GE Peglow, S Hamrick, R BE Yonas, G TI The application of unattended ground sensors to stationary targets SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE sensors; unattended ground sensors; seismology; acoustics; signal processing; electro-magnetics AB The unattended sensing of stationary (i.e. non-mobile) targets is important in applications ranging from counter-proliferation to law enforcement. With stationary targets, sources of seismic, acoustic, and electro-magnetic emissions can potentially be used to detect, identify, and locate the target. Stationary targets have considerably different sensing requirements than the traditional mobile-target unattended ground sensor applications. This paper presents the novel features and requirements of a system for sensing stationary targets. In particular, issues associated with long-listen time signal processing for signal detection, and array processing techniques for signal localization are presented. Example data and signal processing outputs from a stationary target will be used to illustrate these issues. The impact on sensor, electronic signal processing, battery subsystem, and communication requirements will also be discussed. The paper will conclude with a detailed comparison between mobile-target and stationary-target unattended ground sensor architectures. RP Sleefe, GE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS 0843,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.280664 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00003 ER PT B AU Baker, J AF Baker, J BE Yonas, G TI LLNL's acoustic spectrometer SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE sensor; acoustic; micromachined; spectrometer; low-power; unattended; test; portable AB This paper describes the development of a frequency sensitive acoustic transducer that operates in the 10 Hz to 10 kHz regime. This device uses modern silicon microfabrication techniques to form mechanical tines that resonate at specified frequencies. This high-sensitivity device is intended for low-power battery powered applications. RP Baker, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,MS L-183,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 76 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.280641 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00009 ER PT B AU Erteza, IA Elbring, GJ McDonald, TS Claassen, JP Baumgardt, DR Wolford, JK AF Erteza, IA Elbring, GJ McDonald, TS Claassen, JP Baumgardt, DR Wolford, JK BE Yonas, G TI Case study: Unattended ground sensor phenomenology and signal processing SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE sensors; seismology; signal processing; signal propagation; unattended ground sensors AB In the fall of 1995, a unique unattended ground sensor experiment was conducted at the Nevada Test Site. In the experiment, a variety of electro-mechanical equipment was operated, while data were gathered using a number of different types of unattended sensors at different locations. The sensors in this study included seismometers, accelerometers, electric dipole sensors, magnetometers and microphones. The purpose of this experiment was to gather data to explore and understand the performance of unattended ground sensor systems and the physical phenomena that can affect them. In this paper, we explore a few physical phenomena which can affect unattended ground sensor system performance. RP Erteza, IA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS 0843,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.280642 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00010 ER PT B AU Jeppesen, D Trellue, R AF Jeppesen, D Trellue, R BE Yonas, G TI Unattended ground sensor situation assessment workstation SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE unattended ground sensors; UGS; data fusion; situation assessment; expert system; tracking AB Advancements in both sensor hardware technology and in software systems and processing technology have enabled the development of practical realtime situation assessment capabilities based upon information from unattended ground sensors. A decision support workstation that employs rule-based expert system processing of reports from unattended ground sensors is described. The primary goal of this development activity is to produce a suite of software to track vehicles using data from unattended ground sensors. The situational assessment products from this system have stand-alone utility, but are also intended to provide cueing support for overhead sensors and supplementary feeds to all-source fusion centers. The conceptual framework, developmental architecture, and demonstration field tests of the system are described. RP Jeppesen, D (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS-0451,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.280645 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00013 ER PT B AU Wolford, JK AF Wolford, JK BE Yonas, G TI Event identification from seismic/magnetic feature vectors - A comparative study SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE signal processing; neural network; data fusion; event identification AB The event identification problem plays a large role in the application of unattended ground sensors to the monitoring of borders and checkpoints. The choice of features and methods for classifying features affects how accurately these classifications are made. Finding features which reliably distinguish events of interest may require measurements based on separate physical phenomena. Classification methods include neural net versus fuzzy logic approaches, and within the neural category, different architectures and transfer functions for reaching decisions. This study examines ways of optimizing feature sets and surveys common techniques for classifying feature vectors corresponding to physical events. We apply each technique to samples of existing data, and compare discrimination attributes. Specifically, we calculate the confusion matrices for each technique applied to each sample dataset, and reduce them statistically to scalar scores. In addition, we gauge how the accuracy of each method is degraded by reducing the feature vector length by one element. Finally, we gather rough estimates of the relative cpu performance of the forward prediction algorithms. RP Wolford, JK (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,MS L-183,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00014 ER PT B AU Malone, KT Riblett, L Essenmacher, T AF Malone, KT Riblett, L Essenmacher, T BE Yonas, G TI Acoustic/seismic identifications, imaging, and communications in Steel Rattler SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE unattended ground sensor; acoustic sensor; digital signal processing; imaging; satellite communication AB Unattended ground sensors (UGS) utilize data from a variety of sensors (e.g., acoustic, seismic, and imagery) to make a determination about an unknown potential target. The Steel Rattler UGS derives its target identification solution from; acoustic and seismic data. The identification solution and optional still imagery of the target are transmitted to the appropriate operating bases via satellite. This payer describes the various Steel Rattler hardware components used in;the target identification process, the optional imaging system, and the communication system used for testing and demonstration purposes. RP Malone, KT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 0978,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.280648 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00017 ER PT B AU Boyer, WB Burke, LJ Gomez, BJ Livingston, L Nelson, DS Smathers, DC AF Boyer, WB Burke, LJ Gomez, BJ Livingston, L Nelson, DS Smathers, DC BE Yonas, G TI Sensor test facilities and capabilities at the Nevada Test Site SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Sandia National Laboratories has recently developed two major field test capabilities for unattended ground sensor systems at the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site (NTS). The first capability utilizes the NTS large area, varied terrain, and intrasite communications systems for testing sensors for detecting and tracking vehicular traffic. Sensor and ground truth data can be collected at either of two secure control centers. This system also includes an automated ground truth capability that consists of differential Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receivers on test vehicles and live TV coverage of critical road sections. Finally there is a high-speed, secure computer network link between the control centers and the Air Force's Theater Air Command and Control Simulation Facility in Albuquerque NM. The second capability is Bunker 2-300. It is a facility for evaluating advanced sensor systems for monitoring activities in underground cut-and-cover facilities. The main part of the facility consists of an underground bunker with three large rooms for operating various types of equipment. This equipment includes simulated chemical production machinery and controlled seismic and acoustic signal sources. There has been a thorough geologic and electromagnetic characterization of the region around the bunker. Since the facility is in a remote location, it well-isolated from seismic, acoustic, and electromagnetic interference. RP Boyer, WB (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.280653 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00021 ER PT B AU Rondeau, D Palmquist, R AF Rondeau, D Palmquist, R BE Yonas, G TI Mobile unattended ground sensors SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB In this paper, we highlight several robotic and sensor related technologies that will enhance military operations in the 21st century. Aspects of these technologies will have mission impact in both urban environments and rural settings. We describe technologies to aid humans in intelligence, threat warning, surveillance, reconnaissance, and target strike operations. RP Rondeau, D (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 228 EP 247 DI 10.1117/12.280656 PG 20 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00024 ER PT B AU Nakanishi, KK AF Nakanishi, KK BE Yonas, G TI Using seismology for regional confidence building SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE regional seismology; confidence building; seismic calibration AB Confidence building between regional parties can be facilitated through cooperative seismological research activities. Shared data, facilities, technology, and research results can (1) assure participants that nuclear testing is nor taking place, (2) provide information that can be used to characterize the geophysical parameters of a region for earthquake hazard mitigation, and (3) support basic seismic research. RP Nakanishi, KK (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1117/12.280657 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00025 ER PT B AU Followill, FE Wolford, JK Candy, JV AF Followill, FE Wolford, JK Candy, JV BE Yonas, G TI Advanced array techniques for unattended ground sensor applications SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multichannel; time-frequency; signal processing; array; estimation AB Sensor arrays offer opportunities to beamform, and time-frequency analyses offer additional insights to the wavefield data. Data collected while monitoring three different sources with unattended ground sensors in a 16-element, small-aperture: (similar to 5 meters) geophone array are used as examples of model-based seismic signal processing on actual geophone array data. The three sources monitored were: (Source 01). A frequency-modulated chirp of an electromechanical shaker mounted on the Boar of an underground bunker. Three 60-second time-windows corresponding to (a) 50 Hz to 55 Hz sweep, (b) 60 Hz to 70 Hz sweep, and (c) SO Hz to 90 Hz sweep. (Source 02). A single transient impact of a hammer striking the Roar of the bunker. Twenty seconds of data (with the transient event approximately mid-point in the time window. (Source 11). Tile transient event of a diesel generator turning an, including a few seconds before the ''turn-on time'' and a few seconds after the generator reaches ''steady-state conditions''. The high-frequency seismic array was positioned at the surface of the ground at a distance of 150 meters (North) of the underground bunker. Four Y-shaped subarrays (each with 2-meter apertures) in a Y-shaped patient (with a 6-meter aperture) using a total of 16 3-component, high-frequency geophones were deployed. These 48 channels of seismic data were recorded at 6000 and 12000 samples per second on 16-bit data loggers. Representative examples of the data and analyses illustrate the results of this experiment. RP Followill, FE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,7000 E AVE,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 266 EP 280 DI 10.1117/12.280659 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00027 ER PT B AU Molitoris, JD Peglow, SG AF Molitoris, JD Peglow, SG BE Yonas, G TI A pre/post-strike atmospheric assessment system SO PEACE AND WARTIME APPLICATIONS AND TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Peace and Wartime Applications and Technical Issues for Unattended Ground Sensors CY APR 22-23, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The tactical motivation for a compact and easily deployable remote sensing unit for hazardous material releases is described. The most important measurements such a unit could make for accurately determining the extent of a plume from a target or potential target is a range resolved profile of the wind within the vicinity of the strike zone. However, to make such measurements a new type of instrument is required which is inherently robust, compact, and efficient. To demonstrate that such an instrument is feasible, we have designed, built, tested, and performed an initial laboratory evaluation of a compact Doppler lidar system for tactical applications. RP Molitoris, JD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2496-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3081 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1117/12.280661 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ34Y UT WOS:A1997BJ34Y00028 ER PT S AU Bradley, OD Stampfer, JF Sandoval, AN Heath, CA Cooper, MH AF Bradley, OD Stampfer, JF Sandoval, AN Heath, CA Cooper, MH BE Stull, JO Schwope, AD TI Asbestos penetration test system for clothing materials SO PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, 6TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Performance of Protective Clothing - Emerging Protection Technologies CY JUN 18-19, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm F23 Protect Clothing DE asbestos; clothing penetration; new test system; constant pressure differential AB For hazardous work such as asbestos abatement, there is a need to assess protective clothing fabrics and seam constructions to assure an adequate barrier against hazardous material. The penetration of aerosols through fabrics usually is measured by challenging fabric samples with an aerosol stream at a constant specified airflow. To produce the specified airflow, pressure differentials across the samples often are higher than exist in a work environment. This higher airflow results in higher aerosol velocities through the fabric and, possibly, measured penetration values not representative of those actually experienced in the field. The objective of the reported work was to develop a test method that does not require these higher airflows. We have designed and fabricated a new system that tests fabric samples under a low, constant, specified pressure differential across the samples. This differential is adjustable from tenths of a mm Water Gauge(hundredths of an in WG) to over 25-mm WG (1-in WG). The system operates at a pressure slightly lower than its surroundings. Although designed primarily for asbestos, the system is equally applicable to the testing of other aerosols by changing the aerosol generator and detector. Through simple modification of the sample holders, the test apparatus would be capable of evaluating seam and closure constructions. RP Bradley, OD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2402-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1273 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1520/STP19890S PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BJ84B UT WOS:A1997BJ84B00003 ER PT S AU Hermes, RE ValdezBoyle, LS Stampfer, JF Ramsey, DR AF Hermes, RE ValdezBoyle, LS Stampfer, JF Ramsey, DR BE Stull, JO Schwope, AD TI Protective materials with real-time puncture detection capability SO PERFORMANCE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, 6TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Performance of Protective Clothing - Emerging Protection Technologies CY JUN 18-19, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm F23 Protect Clothing DE puncture detection; protective materials; electrical conductivity AB The protection of workers from chemical, biological, or radiological hazards requires the use of protective materials that can maintain their integrity during use. An accidental puncture in the protective material can result in a significant exposure to the worker. A five ply material has been developed that incorporates two layers of an electrically conductive polymer sandwiched between three layers of a nonconductive polymer. A normally open circuit that is connected between the conductive layers will be closed by puncturing the material with either a conductive or nonconductive object. This can be used to activate an audible alarm or visual beacon to warn the worker of a breach in the integrity of the material. The worker is not connected to the circuit, and the puncture can be detected in real-time, even when caused by a nonconductor. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENVIRONM SAFETY & HLTH DIV,GRP ESH5,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2402-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1273 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1520/STP19893S PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BJ84B UT WOS:A1997BJ84B00006 ER PT S AU Peng, FZ Ott, GW Adams, DJ AF Peng, FZ Ott, GW Adams, DJ GP IEEE TI Harmonic and reactive power compensation based on the generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for 3-phase 4-wire systems SO PESC'97: 28TH ANNUAL IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE - RECORD, VOLS I AND II SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 97) CY JUN 22-27, 1997 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP IEEE Power Electr Soc, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, IEEE, St Louis Sect AB This paper presents harmonic and reactive power compensation based on a generalized theory of instantaneous reactive power for three-phase power systems. This new theory gives a generalized definition of instantaneous reactive power, which is valid for sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal, balanced or unbalanced, three-phase power systems with or without zero-sequence currents and/or voltages, The properties and physical meanings of the newly defined instantaneous reactive power are discussed in detail, A harmonic and reactive power compensator based on the new theory for a three-phase harmonic distorted power system with zero-sequence components in the load current and/or source voltage is then used as an example to show harmonic and reactive power measurement and compensation using the new theory. Simulation and experimental results are presented. RP Peng, FZ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,ENGN TECHNOL DIV,POB 2009,BLDG 9104-2,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0275-9306 BN 0-7803-3841-3 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 1997 BP 1089 EP 1095 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ13Z UT WOS:A1997BJ13Z00155 ER PT J AU Polian, A Grimsditch, M Vo-Thanh, D AF Polian, A Grimsditch, M Vo-Thanh, D TI Brillouin scattering at high pressure or high temperature SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the State-of-the-Art of Hard Mode Spectroscopy CY SEP 26-27, 1996 CL LYON, FRANCE DE Brillouin scattering; high pressure; high temperature ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ALPHA-QUARTZ; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; MEMORY-GLASS; ALPO4; 1000-DEGREES-C; MELT AB Brillouin scattering results from the interaction of photons with thermal excitations in a medium. The energy and propagation direction of the photons are modified by the interaction giving rise to a measurable frequency shift, Because the excitations are not related to the order existing in the medium, they can be observed in gases, fluids, or solids, ordered (crystals) as well as disordered (amorphous or glasses). In crystals, the measured frequency shift depends on the propagation direction of the excitations (phonons). Hence, Brillouin scattering is well adapted to study phase transitions, driven either by pressure, temperature, or a combination of them. The use of the technique is illustrated by two examples: berlinites under pressure, and a high temperature study of silicate melts. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, URA 782, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Phys Globe, Lab Geomat, CNRS, URA 734, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Polian, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, URA 782, B77,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RI Polian, Alain/E-1555-2017 OI Polian, Alain/0000-0003-2261-9114 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PY 1997 VL 63 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1080/01411599708228795 PN B PG 14 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA YM153 UT WOS:000071035100008 ER PT J AU Xiao, SQ Dahmen, U Heuer, AH AF Xiao, SQ Dahmen, U Heuer, AH TI Phase transformation of TiO2 precipitates in sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) induced by the loss of coherency SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MORPHOLOGY; TITANIUM; IRON AB The first phase to precipitate in Ti-doped sapphire (Ti:alpha-Al2O3) single crystals annealed at 1300 degrees C in air is a high-pressure form of TiO2 with the alpha-PbO2 structure (alpha-TiO2). The coherent precipitates form as oblate spheroidal plates with habit planes parallel to (0001)(s). Because of a 5% lattice mismatch with sapphire, the small coherent alpha-TiO2 precipitates are under an effective compressive stress, which stabilizes the high-pressure polymorph. During coarsening, the particles lose coherency by emitting a dislocation loop with a 1/3 <[1(1)over bar 01](s)> Burgers vector, which reduces the stress on the particles and allows them to transform to the rutile structure. The orientation relationship between the sapphire matrix, alpha-TiO2 and rutile has been determined and a lattice correspondence for the phase transformations established. Although the transformation from alpha-TiO2 to rutile is purely structural, its rate is controlled by atomic diffusion; the increased atomic volume of rutile compared with alpha-TiO2 is accommodated by expelling extra mass of Al2O3 into nearby interstitial dislocation loops and is associated with a change in the precipitate morphology. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NATL CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 221 EP 238 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA WC791 UT WOS:A1997WC79100015 ER PT J AU Leppert, VJ Risbud, SH Fendorf, MJ AF Leppert, VJ Risbud, SH Fendorf, MJ TI High-resolution electron microscopy and microanalysis of ZnSe quantum dots in glass matrices SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE; CDS; COMPOSITES; CLUSTERS AB Quantum dots of ZnSe, an interesting optical material for blue light lasers, have been prepared by nucleation and growth from a supersaturated glass solution. The average nanoparticle diameter of as-cast ZnSe-in-glass samples was 5.5 +/- 1.7 nm, and an average diameter of 3.7 +/- 1.1 nm was obtained with rapid quenching. The experimentally observed quantum dot sizes are less than the Bohr exciton diameter of 11.4 nm, consistent with an observed blue shift in the absorption edge of about 0.52 eV. HRTEM revealed the ZnSe quantum dots to be single crystal in nature, with a few larger internally twinned particles observed in the larger crystals present in the as-cast sample. EDXS data indicated the majority of particles to be ZnSe, with SAED confirming the cubic structure. A minority of the quantum dots were found to be composed of selenium or selenium oxide, and were redissolvable in the glass matrix under conditions of strong convergence of the electron beam during TEM analysis. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,NATL CTR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Leppert, VJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1080/095008397179886 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA WD215 UT WOS:A1997WD21500005 ER PT S AU Ettedgui, E Razafitrimo, H Hsieh, BR Feld, WA Ruckman, MW Gao, Y AF Ettedgui, E Razafitrimo, H Hsieh, BR Feld, WA Ruckman, MW Gao, Y BE Jenekhe, SA Wynne, KJ TI Near-edge, x-ray-absorption, fine-structure study of poly(2,3-diphenylphenylenevinylene) following the deposition of metal SO PHOTONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Polymers for Advanced Optical Applications, at the Pacific Polymer Conference CY DEC 12-16, 1995 CL KAUAI, HI SP Pacific Polym Federat ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); INTERFACE FORMATION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; BAND; CA; ELECTRODES; EVOLUTION; MOLECULES AB The interaction of Al, Ca and Au with poly(2,3-diphenylphenylene vinylene) during the metal/polymer interface formation is studied by means of near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We found that Al does not create new unoccupied states within the band gap during interface formation. However Cai and Au/polymer interface formation provides clear evidence for the presence of new intra-gap stares as well as a strong resonance at higher photon energies. The new unoccupied states evidenced by NEXAFS strongly suggest the existence of a bipolaron lattice at the Ca/polymer interface that may enhance charge injection through the interface. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. XEROX CORP, WEBSTER CTR RES & TECHNOL, WEBSTER, NY 14580 USA. WRIGHT STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, DAYTON, OH 45435 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Gao, Yongli/N-8392-2015 OI Gao, Yongli/0000-0001-9765-5246 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3519-8 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 672 BP 408 EP 418 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ87B UT WOS:A1997BJ87B00027 ER PT B AU Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Luther, GG Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG Simmons, CM AF Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Luther, GG Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG Simmons, CM BE Hotaling, SP Pirich, AR TI Secure communications using quantum cryptography SO PHOTONIC QUANTUM COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Quantum Computation CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE quantum cryptography; interferometry; optical communications AB The secure distribution of the secret random bit sequences known as ''key'' material, is an essential precursor to their use for the encryption and decryption of confidential communications. Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology for secure key distribution with single-photon transmissions: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle ensures that an adversary can neither successfully tap the key transmissions, nor evade detection (eavesdropping raises the key error rate above a threshold value). We have developed experimental quantum cryptography systems based on the transmission of non-orthogonal single-photon states to generate shared key material over multi-kilometer optical fiber paths and over line-of-sight links. In both cases, key material is built up using the transmission of a single-photon per bit of an initial secret random sequence. A quantum-mechanically random subset of this sequence is identified, becoming the key material after a data reconciliation stage with the sender. In our optical fiber experiment we have performed quantum key distribution over 24-km of underground optical fiber using single-photon interference states, demonstrating that secure, real-time key generation over ''open'' multi-km node-to-node optical fiber communications links is possible. RP Hughes, RJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2491-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3076 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1117/12.277644 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ22B UT WOS:A1997BJ22B00001 ER PT B AU James, DFV Hughes, RJ Knill, EH Laflamme, R Petschek, AG AF James, DFV Hughes, RJ Knill, EH Laflamme, R Petschek, AG BE Hotaling, SP Pirich, AR TI Decoherence bounds on the capabilities of cold trapped ion quantum computers SO PHOTONIC QUANTUM COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st SPIE Conference on Quantum Computation CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE quantum computing; ion traps; decoherence AB Using simple physical arguments we investigate the capabilities of a quantum computer based on cold trapped ions of the type recently proposed by Cirac and Zoller. From the limitations imposed on such a device by decoherence due to spontaneous decay, laser phase coherence times, ion heating and other possible sources of error, we derive bounds on the number of laser interactions and on the number of ions that may be used. As a quantitative measure of the possible performance of these devices, the largest number which may be factored using Shor's quantum factoring algorithm is determined for a variety of species of ion. RP James, DFV (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,THEORET DIV T 4,MS B-268,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2491-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3076 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.277660 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BJ22B UT WOS:A1997BJ22B00004 ER PT B AU Wirtenson, GR White, RH AF Wirtenson, GR White, RH BE Taylor, EW TI Long term bleaching of optical glasses darkened by Co-60 ionizing radiation SO PHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Photonics for Space Environments V Conference CY JUL 30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE radiation darkening; bleaching; optical glasses; space based optical systems AB Typical camera designs include optical glass elements that may be affected by the ionizing radiation present in the natural space environment. Ordinary optical glasses darken at low (10(3) rad) dose levels when exposed to ionizing radiation; This darkening decreases the sensitivity of optical sensors. Optical glass flats of FK 51, LaK 9, PK 51A, and ZK N7 were exposed to a 10.6 krad dose of ionizing radiation. Spectrophotometer traces determined the transmittance of the samples as a function of wavelength in the range 350 to 850 nm before and at various time intervals after the irradiation These measured values were then used to evaluate the rate of recovery or ''bleaching'' of the exposed samples. To prevent accelerated bleaching, the samples were kept at room temperature and away from light, except during measurement. Tables of the measured data and plots of the transmissivity vs. wavelength at various times after irradiation are presented. RP Wirtenson, GR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-17,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2646-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3124 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.279015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ86Y UT WOS:A1997BJ86Y00006 ER PT J AU Campbell, EM Jacobs, RR AF Campbell, EM Jacobs, RR TI Laser fusion: An old dream nears realization SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article RP Campbell, EM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LASER PROGRAMS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA WC799 UT WOS:A1997WC79900055 ER PT B AU SimmonsPotter, K Potter, BG Warren, WL AF SimmonsPotter, K Potter, BG Warren, WL BE Andrews, MP TI Investigation of defects in highly photosensitive germanosilicate thin films SO PHOTOSENSITIVE OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photosensitive Optical Materials and Devices CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE photosensitivity; thin films; glass; germanosilicate; reactive-atmosphere sputtering AB Germanosilicate glasses exhibit a significant photosensitive response which has been linked to the presence of oxygen-deficient germanium point defects in the glass structure. Based on this correlation, highly photosensitive thin films have been engineered which demonstrate the largest reported ultraviolet-induced refractive index perturbations (Delta n) in an as-synthesized material. Our thin-film fabrication process avoids the use of hydrogen sensitizing treatments and, thus, yields stable films which retain their predisposition for large photosensitivity for over one year of storage. Understanding the nature of the defects in such films and their relationship to charge trapping and enhanced photosensitivity is of paramount importance in designing and optimizing the materials. Toward this end, our films have been studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), capacitance-voltage, and optical bleaching and absorption spectroscopies. We find experimental evidence suggesting a model in which a change in spin state and charge state of isolated paramagnetic neutral Ge dangling bonds form either diamagnetic positively or negatively charged Ge sites which are largely responsible for the charge trapping and photosensitivity in these thin films. We present experimental data and theoretical modeling to support our defect model and to show the relevance of the work. RP SimmonsPotter, K (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 1423,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2409-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2998 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.264170 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH14Z UT WOS:A1997BH14Z00010 ER PT B AU Potter, BG SimmonsPotter, K Warren, WL Ruffner, JA Meister, DC AF Potter, BG SimmonsPotter, K Warren, WL Ruffner, JA Meister, DC BE Andrews, MP TI Structural defect control and photosensitivity in reactively sputtered germanosilicate glass films SO PHOTOSENSITIVE OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photosensitive Optical Materials and Devices CY FEB 12-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE photosensitivity; germanosilicate; thin film; glass; point defects; reactive atmosphere sputtering AB The optical performance of refractive index structures induced in photosensitive (PS) glasses ultimately depends on the index modulation depth attainable. In germanosilicate materials, the photosensitive response is linked to the presence of oxygen-deficient germanium point defect centers. Prior efforts to increase PS in these materials, e.g., hydrogen loading, rely on a chemical reduction of the glass structure to enhance the population of oxygen deficient centers and thus increase the saturated refractive index change. We have previously reported the development of highly photosensitive, as deposited germanosilicate glass films through reactive atmosphere (O-2/Ar) sputtering from a Ge/Si alloy target. The present work details our investigation of the effect of substrate temperature during deposition on the material structure and propensity for photosensitivity. Using optical absorption/bleaching, Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and selective charge injection techniques we show that the predominate defect states responsible for the PS response can be varied through substrate temperature control. We find that two regimes of photosensitive behavior can be accessed which exhibit dramatically different uv-bleaching characteristics. Thus, the corresponding dispersion of the refractive index change as well as its magnitude can be controlled using our synthesis technique. Tentative defect models for the photosensitive process in materials deposited at both ambient temperature and at elevated substrate temperatures will be presented. RP Potter, BG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2409-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2998 BP 146 EP 153 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BH14Z UT WOS:A1997BH14Z00016 ER PT J AU Wagner, P Nagel, K Wolf, DE AF Wagner, P Nagel, K Wolf, DE TI Realistic multi-lane traffic rules for cellular automata SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FREEWAY AB A set of lane changing rules for cellular automata simulating multi-lane traffic is proposed, It reproduces qualitatively that the passing lane becomes more crowded than the one for slower cars if the flux is high enough, which is true for motorways in countries like Germany where passing should be done on a specified lane as a rule. The rules have two parameters allowing to adjust the inversion point of the lane-usage distribution and to calibrate the model. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, HLRZ, D-52425 JULICH, GERMANY. UNIV DUISBURG GESAMTHSCH, D-47048 DUISBURG, GERMANY. RP Wagner, P (reprint author), UNIV COLOGNE, INST MATH, ZENTRUM PARALLELES RECHNEN, WEYERTAL 80, D-50931 COLOGNE, GERMANY. OI Wagner, Peter/0000-0001-9097-8026 NR 23 TC 115 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 234 IS 3-4 BP 687 EP 698 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(96)00308-1 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WD149 UT WOS:A1997WD14900008 ER PT J AU Prokes, K Sechovsky, V Bruck, E deBoer, FR Buschow, KHJ Sonntag, R Robinson, RA Maletta, H AF Prokes, K Sechovsky, V Bruck, E deBoer, FR Buschow, KHJ Sonntag, R Robinson, RA Maletta, H TI Magnetism in UPdSi SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article DE magnetism; UPdSi ID GE) SERIES; UT(SI AB We report on bulk electronic properties of UPdSi in conjunction with results of X-ray-and neutron-diffraction studies. Both, diffraction experiments clearly show that UPdSi crystallises in the TiNiSi-type (space group Pnma) structure. Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and electrical resistivity anomalies around 33 and 27 K indicate that UPdSi orders magnetically below 33 K and undergoes an additional magnetic phase transition at 27 K. The antiferromagnetic ground state is decomented by purely magnetic reflections in the neutron-powder-diffraction patterns collected at low temperatures and by metamagnetic transitions at 4 and 7 T observed in the magnetisation curve at 4.2 K. The magnetisation measured on a sample, consisting of powder particles that are free to be oriented by the applied field does not saturate even in fields up to 35 T, where it reaches 1.3 mu(B)/f.u. The magnetic structure determined at low temperatures (T = 3.5 K) is collinear antiferromagnetic with the propagation vector q = (0.25, 0, 0.25). This structure is built-up of eight-layer + + + + - - - - blocks of ferromagnetic planes of U moments (mu(U) = 1.401 (7)mu(B)) piled up along the [101] direction. Between T-N(= 33 K) and 27 K, we observe an incommensurate magnetic structure with the propagation vector q = (0.217, 0, 0.217). It is characterized by a sine-wave profile along [1,0, 1] of b-axis oriented U-moments with an amplitude of 0.65(18)rho(B) at 31 K. C1 CHARLES UNIV,DEPT MET PHYS,PRAGUE 12116 2,CZECH REPUBLIC. BENSC,HAHN MEITNER INST KERNFORSCH BERLIN GMBH,D-14109 BERLIN 39,GERMANY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MANUEL LUJAN JR NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Prokes, K (reprint author), UNIV AMSTERDAM,VAN DER WAALS ZEEMAN INST,KRUISLAAN 403,NL-1018 XE AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014; Sechovsky, Vladimir/A-5256-2008 OI Sechovsky, Vladimir/0000-0003-1298-2120 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN PY 1997 VL 229 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(96)00519-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WF553 UT WOS:A1997WF55300001 ER PT J AU Hettinger, JD Gray, KE Miller, DJ Kim, DH Steel, DG Washburn, BR Sharping, J Moreau, C Eddy, M Tkaczyk, JE DeLuca, J Kang, JH Talvacchio, J AF Hettinger, JD Gray, KE Miller, DJ Kim, DH Steel, DG Washburn, BR Sharping, J Moreau, C Eddy, M Tkaczyk, JE DeLuca, J Kang, JH Talvacchio, J TI Identification of grain boundary effects in current-voltage curves of polycrystalline high-T-c superconductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT CRITICAL-CURRENT; THICK-FILMS; TEXTURE AB Dissipation and critical current densities in high-T-c superconductors can depend on both intragranular flux creep and intergranular weak links. Separating these effects in polycrystals can be a formidable task. We present current-voltage data which can in some cases identify weak-link behavior, and verify it by using ion irradiation to greatly diminish the contribution from flux creep. We conclude that the occurrence of significant weak links in series with so-called strongly-coupled current paths may be more common than previously deduced. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOL INC,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93111. GE CO,CORP RES & DEV,SCHENECTADY,NY 12301. WESTINGHOUSE SCI & TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235. RI Washburn, Brian/A-1308-2013 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 273 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(96)00648-X PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WD873 UT WOS:A1997WD87300014 ER PT J AU Smirnov, BI Orlova, TS Kudymov, AN Lanagan, MT Chudzik, MP Chen, N Goretta, KC AF Smirnov, BI Orlova, TS Kudymov, AN Lanagan, MT Chudzik, MP Chen, N Goretta, KC TI Electric field effect in (BiPb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconductor bars SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BISMUTH-2223; YBA2CU3O7-X; JUNCTIONS; LEAD AB An experimental study has been made of the electric field effect in an electrode/insulator/superconductor system on the critical current (I-c) and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics at 77 K of large, c-axis-textured (BiPb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox superconductor bars. In strong electric fields (120 MV/m), the current and conductivity of bars at current I > I-c increased. The electric field effect was reversible and was observed in various field orientations with respect to the pressing direction of the bars. New peculiarities of the field effect were observed in the presence of current-voltage hysteresis. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENERGY TECHNOL, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AF IOFFE PHYSICOTECH INST, ST PETERSBURG 194021, RUSSIA. RI Orlova, Tatiana/E-5877-2014 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 273 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(96)00655-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WD873 UT WOS:A1997WD87300011 ER PT J AU Haseroth, H Prelec, K AF Haseroth, H Prelec, K TI Possible application of an EBIS in preinjectors for large heavy ion colliders SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Marcus Wallenberg Fdn Int Cooperat Sci, Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab HO STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB AB High energy, heavy ion nuclear physics has so far been limited to experiments with a fixed target. Presently there are two projects that would greatly extend the available collision energy: the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) planned at CERN. While RHIC was from the very beginning designed for collisions of all heavy ions up to gold, LHC was initially considered as a p-p and, perhaps eventually, an e-p collider, with the heavy ion option added at a later stage; this option is now included in the planning right from the beginning. The present RHIC scenario for acceleration of gold ions starts with the BNL Tandem injecting Au14+ ions into the Booster; after acceleration ions are stripped to a charge state of 77+, injected into the AGS, stripped again to 79+ and injected into RHIC, with three bunches per cycle. The LHC scenario for acceleration of lead ions will use as the injector the CERN Heavy Ion Facility: production of ions in a charge state around 27+ in an ECR ion source, followed by an RFQ/linac combination, stripping to Pb53+ at 4.2 MeV/u, acceleration in the PSB and PS, stripping to the slate 82+, and acceleration in the SPS. There would be 144 bunches injected into the LHC per SPS cycle. However, the resulting luminosity would be rather low and several accumulating schemes are being considered as well. In this paper we are considering a next-generation EBIS device as a possible substitution for ion sources in the preinjector stages of the two colliders with the objective of achieving an improved performance. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,AGS DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Haseroth, H (reprint author), CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T71 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T71/004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL908 UT WOS:A1997XL90800005 ER PT J AU Herrmannsfeldt, WB AF Herrmannsfeldt, WB TI Developments in electron gun simulation SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Marcus Wallenberg Fdn Int Cooperat Sci, Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab HO STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB AB This paper will discuss the developments in the electron gun simulation programs that are based on EGUN and its derivatives and supporting programs. Much of the code development has been inspired by technology changes in computer hardware; the implications on EGN2 of this evolution will be discussed. Some examples and a review of the capabilities of the EGUN family will be described. RP Herrmannsfeldt, WB (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T71 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T71/005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL908 UT WOS:A1997XL90800006 ER PT J AU Hershcovitch, A AF Hershcovitch, A TI Review of electron beam microinstabilities and their relevance to EBIS devices SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Marcus Wallenberg Fdn Int Cooperat Sci, Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab HO STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB AB Plasma kinetic theory and some examples of microinstabilities are briefly reviewed. Although the velocity space configuration of any EBIS is inherently susceptible to a number of classical beam microinstabilities, the small radial dimension of an EBIS plasma may prevent modes from occurring in EBIS traps due to physical limitation. In EBIS devices with high electron beam compression, where the potential for beam microinstabilities is great, the radial dimension is smaller than the Debye length, which renders plasma kinetic theory invalid. Potential for parametric instabilities exists due to coupling of structure excited modes into plasma modes by various mode-mode coupling ''decay'' processes. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,AGS DEPT,POB 5000,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T71 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T71/006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL908 UT WOS:A1997XL90800007 ER PT J AU Short, RT AF Short, RT TI High resolution time-of-flight spectrometry SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Marcus Wallenberg Fdn Int Cooperat Sci, Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab HO STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; ION MIRROR; ENERGY; DESORPTION; REFLECTRON AB Resolution of time-of-flight spectrometers is limited by the temporal distribution of analyzed ions at the detector. The major sources of this temporal distribution are the initial temporal, spatial, and velocity distributions of the ions. Details of how these initial distributions affect resolution is discussed, along with techniques to improve resolution by compensating for these effects. Particular emphasis is given to methods which are applicable to analysis of beams extracted from electron beam ion sources (EBISs). RP Short, RT (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,BLDG 5510A,MS-6365,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T71 BP 46 EP 49 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T71/008 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL908 UT WOS:A1997XL90800009 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Smithe, DN AF Alton, GD Smithe, DN TI An advanced ECR ion source with a large uniformly distributed ECR plasma volume for multiply charged ion beam generation SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Marcus Wallenberg Fdn Int Cooperat Sci, Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab HO STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB ID ELECTRODE AB A new ECR ion source geometry has been conceived which uses a minimum-B magnetic mirror geometry consisting of a multi-cusp, magnetic field, to assist in confining the plasma radially, a flat central field for tuning to the ECR resonant condition, and specially tailored mirror fields in the end zones for confining the plasma in the axial direction. The magnetic field, designed to achieve an axially symmetric plasma ''volume'' with constant mod-B, extends over the length of the central field region. This design, which strongly contrasts with ''surface'' ECR zones characteristic of conventional ECR ion sources, results in dramatic increases in the adsorption of RF power, thereby increasing the electron temperature and ''hot'' electron population within the ionization volume of the source. The ECR zone is concentrated symmetrically around the axis of symmetry and along the length of the plasma volume rather than in thin surface layers located off-axis as is the case in conventional ECR ion sources. The creation of a ''volume'' rather than a ''surface'' ECR zone and its distribution relative to the optical axis where the ions of interest are extracted is commensurate with the generation of higher beam intensities, higher charge states and a higher degree of ionization. The new ECR ion source concept has been computationally designed through the use of magnet design codes, plasma-dispersion sources, and particle-in-cell (PIG) codes. A summary of the design attributes of the source is given in this report. C1 MISSION RES CORP, NEWINGTON, VA 22122 USA. RP OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T71 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T71/011 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL908 UT WOS:A1997XL90800012 ER PT J AU Beebe, E Alessi, J Hershcovitch, A Kponou, A Prelec, K Schmieder, RW AF Beebe, E Alessi, J Hershcovitch, A Kponou, A Prelec, K Schmieder, RW TI The BNL EBIS program: Status and plains SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications CY JUN 20-23, 1994 CL STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Marcus Wallenberg Fdn Int Cooperat Sci, Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab HO STOCKHOLM UNIV, MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB AB Recently an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), on long term loan from Sandia National Laboratories, has been put into operation at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This source is being primarily used as a test device to answer questions relevant to the eventual design of an EBIS-based heavy ion preinjector for RHIC; a secondary objective is to determine parameters of an EBIS capable of delivering fully stripped light ions up to neon for medical applications. Such a source can easily produce all ions in charge states as needed, but the challenge lies in reaching intensities of interest to RHIC (2-3 x 10(9) particles/pulse). The source studies are planned to address issues such as scaling of the electron beam current in stages up to 10 A, possible onset and control of instabilities, external ion injection, parametric studies of the ion yield, charge state distributions and emittance of the extracted ion beam, ion cooling in the trap, and other technical and physics issues. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV 8347,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Beebe, E (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,AGS DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0281-1847 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T71 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T71/014 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA XL908 UT WOS:A1997XL90800015 ER PT J AU Langereis, A Nordgren, J Bruch, R Phaneuf, R Bliman, S Cornille, M Schneider, D AF Langereis, A Nordgren, J Bruch, R Phaneuf, R Bliman, S Cornille, M Schneider, D TI Experimental study of single and double electron transfer processes in slow Ne8++H-2 collisions using photon spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN ID HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; COLLISIONS; CAPTURE AB We have performed high resolution EUV spectroscopy on the Ne8+ + H-2 system at 80keV impact energy. New transitions have been identified. The analysis is supported by extensive theoretical calculations. A detailed picture of the decay path of the doubly excited Ne6+ states populated in double electron transfer processes is of importance for the basic understanding of the collision dynamics and for charge exchange based diagnostic techniques in fusion experiments. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV PARIS 12,F-93160 NOISY LE GRAND,FRANCE. OBSERV PARIS,UPR 176 CNRS,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Langereis, A (reprint author), UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BOX 530,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 83 EP 84 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/023 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400024 ER PT J AU Langereis, A Nordgren, J Bruch, R Phaneuf, R Bliman, S Cornille, M Schneider, D AF Langereis, A Nordgren, J Bruch, R Phaneuf, R Bliman, S Cornille, M Schneider, D TI Experimental study of single and double electron transfer processes in slow Ne8++He collisions using photon- and electron spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN ID HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; CAPTURE AB We have performed high resolution EUV and Auger electron spectroscopy on the Ne8+ + He system at 80 keV impact energy. New transitions both in the Auger and the EW spectra have been identified The analysis is supported by extensive theoretical calculations. A detailed picture of the decay path of the doubly excited Ne6+ states populated in double electron transfer processes is of importance for the basic understanding of the collision dynamics and for charged exchange based diagnostic techniques in fusion experiments. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV PARIS 12,F-93160 NOISY LE GRAND,FRANCE. OBSERV PARIS,UPR 176 CNRS,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Langereis, A (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT PHYS,BOX 530,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/024 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400025 ER PT J AU Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Osterheld, A Young, B Dunn, J Stewart, RE AF Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Magunov, AI Osterheld, A Young, B Dunn, J Stewart, RE TI The first observations of laser satellites from plasma created by high intense laser pulses SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN AB Laser satellites, i.e., spectral lines caused by non-linear interaction of strong laser radiation with multicharged ions, are observed for the first time. Their identification are carried out by comparison of both experimental wavelengths and intensities with theoretical ones. It is shown that observation of laser satellites allows to measure directly the energies of ionic metastable states. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Skobelev, IY (reprint author), VNIIFTRI,MULTICHARGED IONS SPECTRA DATA CTR,MENDELEYEVSK 141570,MOSCOW REGION,RUSSIA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 104 EP 105 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/030 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400031 ER PT J AU Vane, CR Datz, S Krause, HF Dittner, PF Deveney, EF Knudsen, H Grafstrom, P Schuch, R Gao, H Hutton, R AF Vane, CR Datz, S Krause, HF Dittner, PF Deveney, EF Knudsen, H Grafstrom, P Schuch, R Gao, H Hutton, R TI Atomic collisions with 33-TeV lead ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN ID POSITRON PAIR PRODUCTION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; HEAVY-IONS; DEPENDENCE; ENERGY AB Recent availability of relativistic and ultrarelativistic beams of heavy ions has permitted the first controlled studies of atomic collisions at energies sufficient to measure effects of several new basic phenomena. These include measurements substantiating recently predicted finite nuclear size effects resulting in a reduction in the total electronic energy loss of heavy ions in matter, and measurements of Coulomb collisions in which electrons are excited from the Dirac negative energy continuum. Measurements of total energy loss, free electron-positron pair production, and electron capture from pair production have been recently performed using 33-TeV Pb82+ ions from the CERN SPS accelerator in Geneva. Results of these studies are presented, along with comparisons with relevant theory. C1 AARHUS UNIV,INST PHYS,DK-8000 AARHUS C,DENMARK. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. UNIV STOCKHOLM,MANNE SIEGBAHN LAB,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LUND UNIV,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. RP Vane, CR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,BLDG 5500 M-S 6377,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/049 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400050 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Reinhold, CO Krstic, PS AF Schultz, DR Reinhold, CO Krstic, PS TI On the unexpected oscillation of the total cross section for excitation in He2++H collisions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN ID COLLISIONS AB Recent calculations and measurements have revealed unexpected oscillations of the total cross section for excitation in low-to intermediate-energy He2+ + H collisions. A physical explanation of this behavior is given here stemming from analysis of classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations, molecular orbital close coupling calculations, and solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation on a numerical lattice. These results indicate that the observed behavior should be characteristic of a wide range of reactions in ion-atom collisions. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,MS-6373,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 217 EP 218 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/067 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400068 ER PT J AU Mokler, PH Kandler, T Stohlker, T Geissel, H Kozhuharov, C Rymuza, P Scheidenberger, C Stachura, Z Warczak, A Dunford, RW AF Mokler, PH Kandler, T Stohlker, T Geissel, H Kozhuharov, C Rymuza, P Scheidenberger, C Stachura, Z Warczak, A Dunford, RW TI L-shell alignment observed after resonant transfer and excitation in U90+->C collisions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; AUGER ELECTRONS; LIGHT TARGETS; IONS AB With heavy, highly-charged ions the electron-electron correlation is probed in the relativistic domain by Resonant Transfer and Excitation, RTE. For the studied case of initially He-like U90+ ions the KLL-RTE splits into three resonance groups according to the j values of the electrons involved in the doubly-excited intermediate states. For a K to L excitation into a j = 1/2 state with a simultaneous capture also to a j' = 1/2 state, relativistic effects yield a strong cross section enhancement. The doubly excited states with jj' = 1/2-3/2 show a strong anisotropy for the radiative ground state transition of the j' = 312 electron manifesting a pronounced non-isotropic population of the magnetic substates. C1 UNIV FRANKFURT,D-60054 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. INST NUCL PHYS,PL-05400 OTWOCK,POLAND. INST NUCL PHYS,PL-31342 KRAKOW,POLAND. KRAKOW TECH UNIV,PL-30059 KRAKOW,POLAND. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Mokler, PH (reprint author), GSI DARMSTADT,PLANCKSTR 1,D-64291 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 247 EP 249 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/080 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400081 ER PT J AU Briere, MA Schenkel, T Schneider, DH Bauer, P Arnau, A AF Briere, MA Schenkel, T Schneider, DH Bauer, P Arnau, A TI Non-equilibrium energy loss for very highly charged ions in insulators SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN AB The energy loss of 144 keV Ar16+ ions in a bilayer structure of C-CaF2 has been measured. An asymmetry in the results is found depending on which layer is passed by the ion first: the energy loss is about four times larger when the CaF2 layer is traversed by the ion first. We interpret this as an indication of the existence of a nonequilibrium charge state of the Ar ions inside the solid in the case of the insulator. C1 JOHANNES KEPLER UNIV,A-4040 LINZ,AUSTRIA. UPV,EHU,DEPT FIS MAT,DONOSTIA,SPAIN. RP Briere, MA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI arnau, andres/H-7901-2012 OI arnau, andres/0000-0001-5281-3212 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 324 EP 325 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/107 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400108 ER PT J AU Marrs, RE AF Marrs, RE TI Recent results from the EBIT and super EBIT at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI-96) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL OMIYA, JAPAN ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; URANIUM IONS; TRAP; EXCHANGE; ENERGY; HYDROGENLIKE; COLLISIONS; H-2 AB The electron beam ion trap (EBIT), and the higher-energy Super EBIT at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory can produce any highly charged ion. These highly charged ions are used in a variety of research programs. Recent results from four different experiments are reviewed herb. K-shell ionization cross sections have been measured for the hydrogenlike ions of several elements, and L-shell ionization cross sections have been measured for uranium ions. A measurement of the ground-state hyperfine transition in hydrogenlike Ho-165(66+) is notable because of the complete absence of Doppler shifts. A cryogenic Penning trap, injected with EBIT ions, has been used to observe a single highly charged ion as it recombines by sequential electron capture from H-2 gas. A large sputtered ion yield, suggesting a surface Coulomb explosion, has been observed from insulators bombarded with very highly charged EBIT ions. RP Marrs, RE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, L-421, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/117 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400118 ER PT J AU Trassl, R Hathiramani, P Broetz, F Greenwood, JB McCullough, RW Schlapp, M Salzborn, E AF Trassl, R Hathiramani, P Broetz, F Greenwood, JB McCullough, RW Schlapp, M Salzborn, E TI Characterization and recent modifications of a compact 10 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source for atomic physics experiments SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB A summary of recent modifications and developments of a compact ECR ion source where the magnetic field is produced by permanent magnets will be given in this paper. To improve the confinement of the plasma electrons the axial magnetic mirror ratio has been enhanced to 2.5. This results in a more efficient plasma heating at low microwave power levels and therefore ion currents up to 320e mu A could be extracted with a microwave power of less than 10 Watts. The maximum ion currents for different charge states and various gases obtained so far will be shown. Further interest arises from the fact that photons produced in an ECR plasma due to ionization and recombination processes can be used for spectroscopic applications in the VUV wavelength region between 10 and 80 nn. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV PHYS, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. QUEENS UNIV BELFAST, DEPT PURE & APPL PHYS, BELFAST BT7 1NN, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND. RP Trassl, R (reprint author), UNIV GIESSEN, STRAHLENZENTRUM, INST KERNPHYS, D-35392 GIESSEN, GERMANY. RI Greenwood, Jason/L-4799-2014 NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 380 EP 381 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/126 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400127 ER PT J AU Bruch, R Kantsyrev, V Phaneuf, R Golovkina, V Shlyaptseva, A Golovkin, I Schneider, D AF Bruch, R Kantsyrev, V Phaneuf, R Golovkina, V Shlyaptseva, A Golovkin, I Schneider, D TI Application of new spectroscopic technique for the study of interaction of multicharged ions with gaseous targets in the extreme ultraviolet SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; COLLISIONS; RADIATION; HE AB A new optical technique for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral region based on glass capillary converters has been tested for studies of highly charged ion collision processes, plasma diagnostics and synchrotron radiation applications. Specifically a complex glass capillary converter system has been utilized in conjunction with a high resolution 2.2m grazing incidence monochromator to record EW (10-100nm) projectile and target spectra following multicharged ion collisions with He, leading to an enhancement of detected EW photon flux between 10 and 30. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,N DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Bruch, R (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 1997 VL T73 BP 397 EP 399 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/1997/T73/132 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC884 UT WOS:A1997YC88400133 ER PT J AU Ahuja, R James, P Eriksson, O Wills, JM Johansson, B AF Ahuja, R James, P Eriksson, O Wills, JM Johansson, B TI A theoretical study of the pressure-induced structural phase transition in CdTe SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; BAND; SEMICONDUCTORS; CDXSN1-XTE; SYSTEMS; DENSITY; CDSE; HGTE AB We have performed first-principles, full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital (FPLMTO) calculations to study the structural phase transition in CdTe under pressure. By calculating the total energies of different phases we have shown that CdTe shows the following structural sequence with increasing pressure; zinc-blende --> cinnabar --> NaCl --> orthorhombic structure. This is in complete agreement with recent experiments. We have also looked for the possibility of an additional phase transition from the orthorhombic to the CsCl structure, which has been anticipated for the isoelectronic compound HgTe in recent experiments. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Ahuja, R (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT PHYS,CONDENSED MATTER THEORY GRP,BOX 530,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 199 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(199701)199:1<75::AID-PSSB75>3.0.CO;2-A PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WG994 UT WOS:A1997WG99400009 ER PT B AU Gerstl, SAW AF Gerstl, SAW BE Guyot, G Phulpin, T TI Angular signatures from space - The HSSL satellite concept SO PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AND SIGNATURES IN REMOTE SENSING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing CY APR 07-11, 1997 CL COURCHEVEL, FRANCE SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Deutsch Forschunganstalt Luft & Raumfahrt, NASA, Nat Environm Res Council, European Space Agcy, INRA, CNRS, Assoc Quebecoise Teledetect, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, European Assoc Remote Sensing Labs, Remote Sensing Soc, Soc Francaise Photogrammetr & Teledetect AB Within the last few years many theoretical and experimental analyses have been carried out establishing the value of angular signature/BRDF(Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function) data in identifying structural and architectural characteristics of vegetation canopies. A prominent component ol every BRDF of a three-dimensional surface, such as a vegetation canopy, is the canopy hotspot which is a directionally localized angular signature and an important special case of any BRDF, see e.g. Ref 1. Measurements of hotspot angular distributions have been made in the laboratory with goniometers, and from aircraft with imaging sensors, but not yet from satellites. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gerstl, SAW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS-C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-917-3 PY 1997 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BK60H UT WOS:000072712600008 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Cheng, KT AF Chen, MH Cheng, KT TI Energy levels of the ground state and the 2s2p (J=1) excited states of berylliumlike ions: A large-scale, relativistic configuration-interaction calculation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY CALCULATIONS; LAMB-SHIFT CALCULATIONS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; 2S(1/2)-2P(3/2) LEVELS; FINE-STRUCTURES; TRIPLET-STATES; HEAVY ATOMS; TRANSITIONS; POTENTIALS AB We have calculated energy levels of the (2)s(2 1)S(0) ground state and the 2s2p P-1,3(1) excited states of berylliumlike ions with Z=10-92 using the relativistic configuration-interaction method. These calculations are based on the relativistic no-pair Hamiltonian which includes Coulomb and retarded Breit interactions and employ finite B-spline basis functions. Quantum electrodynamic and mass polarization corrections are also calculated. Good agreement between theory and experiment for the 2s(2) S-1(0)-2s2p P-1,3(1) transition energies is found throughout the isoelectronic sequence. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 47 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.166 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000021 ER PT J AU Rescigno, TN Orel, AE McCurdy, CW AF Rescigno, TN Orel, AE McCurdy, CW TI Algebraic variational approach to atomic and molecular photoionization cross sections: Removing the energy dependence from the basis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE AB We describe a variational method for calculating photoionization cross sections from a matrix element of the resolvent operator. Scattering boundary conditions are enforced by expanding the resolvent in a basis of (s)quare-integrable (L(2)) and outgoing wave continuum basis functions. By employing several continuum basis functions, with overlaps defined by a suitable analytic continuation, we can, in a single calculation, express the cross section over a continuous range of energies without explicitly resolving the variational equations at each desired energy. The method is illustrated by calculation of the photoionization cross section of atomic Be in the autoionizing region between the 1s(2)2s and 1s(2)2p states of Be+. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT APPL SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Rescigno, TN (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PHYS & SPACE TECHNOL DIRECTORATE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 342 EP 346 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.342 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000039 ER PT J AU Sanders, JM Shinpaugh, JL Datz, S Segner, F Breinig, H AF Sanders, JM Shinpaugh, JL Datz, S Segner, F Breinig, H TI Dependence of the binary-encounter-peak energy on the projectile core SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; COMPTON PROFILES; ELECTRON PRODUCTION; HE TARGETS; SPECTRA; CAPTURE; IMPACT; HELIUM; H2 AB The energy of the binary-encounter peak has been determined for 0.6 MeV/u O, F, Si, Ti, Cu, and Br ions colliding with H-2 targets. The projectiles all had the same charge q=7, while the atomic number Z of the projectiles ranged from 8 (almost totally ionized) to 35 (retaining 28 electrons). We observe that the binary-encounter-peak energy for fixed q increases as Z increases. This trend is opposite to that observed when Z is fixed and the charge q is varied, and it demonstrates that the binary-encounter-peak energy depends not only on the net projectile charge but on the projectile core as well. The experimental trend is qualitatively reproduced by an impulse approximation showing that this variation in the binary-encounter-peak energy may be attributed to the effect that the projectile core potential has on the electron elastic-scattering cross section. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RI Sanders, Justin/A-7940-2009 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.426 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000047 ER PT J AU Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J AF Reinhold, CO Burgdorfer, J TI Theoretical description of fast kinetic electron emission in ion-surface collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GLANCING-ANGLE SCATTERING; FAST HEAVY-IONS; MEV LIGHT-IONS; CONVOY ELECTRONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY-LOSS; GRAZING-INCIDENCE; CRYSTAL-SURFACE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RYDBERG STATES AB We present a microscopic description of the emission of fast electrons in glancing-angle ion-surface collisions. We employ a classical trajectory Monte Carlo approach that treats the primary production of kinetic electrons in close collisions and their subsequent transport through the surface region on the same footing. Dynamic image interactions and multiple scattering are explicitly included. As an application, we analyze the ejected electron spectra over a broad range of electron energies and emission angles for 0.2-0.5-MeV/u Li ions interacting with SnTe(001) surfaces. Good agreement is found with experiment for the shape of the spectrum of forward-ejected electrons containing prominent structures such as the convoy electron peak and the binary ridge. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Reinhold, CO (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 67 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 450 EP 465 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.450 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000051 ER PT J AU Deutscher, SA Yang, XZ Burgdorfer, J AF Deutscher, SA Yang, XZ Burgdorfer, J TI Atomic resonances of hydrogen near aluminum surfaces: Adiabatic evolution of the ground state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID METAL-SURFACES; STABILIZATION METHOD; CHARGED-PARTICLES; ENERGY SHIFTS; SOLID-SURFACE; WORK FUNCTION; IMAGE-PLANE; DENSITY; IONS; ACCELERATION AB Complex adiabatic potential curves are an essential input to atomic surface scattering calculations employing the coupled-states method. We present calculations for the ground state of hydrogen near a jellium surface with the density of aluminum. Two complementary techniques have been implemented: the complex rotation method and the stabilization method. We employ large-scale matrix diagonalization and realistic effective single-particle potentials. The influence of the surface potential on the adiabatic evolution of the wave function and the resonance parameters as a function of the distance d from the surface have been investigated. Application to the ground state H(1s) yields significant differences for the position and width of the resonance compared to previously available data. The applicability of semiclassical theory for resonance parameters is tested and the role of over-barrier transitions is highlighted. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PHYS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. NR 68 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 466 EP 478 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.466 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000052 ER PT J AU Nilsen, J Moreno, JC DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW AF Nilsen, J Moreno, JC DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW TI Two-dimensional spatial imaging of the multiple-pulse-driven 196-angstrom neonlike germanium x-ray laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PREPULSE TECHNIQUE; NM AB W present two-dimensional, high-resolution, spatial images of the 196-Angstrom laser emission from the output aperture of a neonlike germanium laser which is created by illuminating a slab target with a series of short 100-ps pulses from the Nova laser. Simulations of the gain which are propagated through the plasma density gradients to calculate the spatial distribution of the laser intensity are compared with the experiments and show good agreement. The importance of refraction in the propagation calculation manifests itself in the laser intensity peaking 150 mu m from the target surface, even though the gain peaks 50 to 60 mu m from the target surface. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.55.827 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA WB980 UT WOS:A1997WB98000096 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JF Argyriou, DN Jorgensen, JD Hinks, DG Potter, CD Bader, SD AF Mitchell, JF Argyriou, DN Jorgensen, JD Hinks, DG Potter, CD Bader, SD TI Charge delocalization and structural response in layered La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7: Enhanced distortion in the metallic regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LA1-XSR1+XMNO4 AB Temperature-dependent neutron diffraction studies on melt-grown crystals of the layered compound La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 reveal a dramatic structural response to the onset of ferromagnetism and the coincident insulator-metal transition. Unlike the related manganite perovskites, whose Jahn-Teller distorted octahedra become more regular at temperatures below the insulator-metal transition, the MnO6 octahedra of this layered material are more severely distorted when the charge is itinerant than when it is localized. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCTIV,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV SCI MAT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Mitchell, JF (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 18 TC 250 Z9 252 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.63 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD788 UT WOS:A1997WD78800018 ER PT J AU Mattson, JE Potter, CD Conover, MJ Sowers, CH Bader, SD AF Mattson, JE Potter, CD Conover, MJ Sowers, CH Bader, SD TI Critical fields of Fe4N/NbN ferromagnetic/superconducting multilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FE LAYERS; SUPERLATTICES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM AB Structural, magnetic, and superconducting properties of ferromagnetic/superconducting multilayers of Fe4N/NbN are explored for a variety of thickness combinations. The superconducting properties show that 11 Angstrom ferromagnetic layers are sufficient to decouple the superconducting layers and to yield anisotropic behavior. The upper critical field data are well described by theory for ferromagnetic/superconducting multilayers. This analysis yields an interfacial parameter which characterizes the electron scattering at the ferromagnetic/superconducting boundary. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.70 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD788 UT WOS:A1997WD78800020 ER PT J AU Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Colera, I Chen, Y AF Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Colera, I Chen, Y TI Electric-field-enhanced diffusion of deuterons and protons in alpha-Al2O3 crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OXIDE CRYSTALS; MGO CRYSTALS; RUTILE TIO2; HYDROGEN; LINBO3; AL2O3; ABSORPTION; RESONANCE AB Infrared-absorption measurements Were used to monitor diffusion of deuterons and protons in alpha-Al2O3 crystals. The threshold temperature for in-diffusion of deuterons was found to be similar to 1273 K and the diffusion coefficient at 1323 K along the crystallographic axis was 8 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s. Below 1373 K the mechanism involves primarily replacement of protons by deuterons. No OD- ions could be observed if no OH- ions were present in the virgin sample. The activation energy was similar to 5 eV. We demonstrate that the application of a moderate electric field has four effects. First, enhanced diffusion of deuterons takes place. Second, the threshold temperature lowers to 1200 K. Third, deuterons can be introduced without replacing protons; that is, OD- ions can be formed in crystals with undetectable OH ions. Fourth, unlike purely thermal in-diffusion, the relative intensities of OD- (OH-) bands can be altered. C1 US DOE,DIV MAT SCI ER131,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. RP Ramirez, R (reprint author), UNIV CARLOS III MADRID,ESCUELA POLITECN SUPER,DEPT FIS,BUTARQUE 15,LEGANES 28911,MADRID,SPAIN. RI Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.237 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD788 UT WOS:A1997WD78800047 ER PT J AU Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y AF Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y TI Metastable self-trapping of positrons in MgO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS; METALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; HYDROGEN; NAF AB Low-temperature positron annihilation measurements have been performed on MgO single crystals containing either cation or anion vacancies. The temperature dependence of the S parameter is explained in terms of metastable self-trapped positrons which thermally hop through the crystal lattice. The experimental results are analyzed using a three-state trapping model assuming transitions from both delocalized and self-trapped states to deep trapped states at vacancies. The energy level of the self-trapped state was determined to be (62 +/- 5) meV above the delocalized state. The activation enthalpy for the hopping process of self-trapped positrons appears to depend on the kind of defect present in the crystals. C1 US DOE,DIV SCI MAT,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. RP Monge, MA (reprint author), UNIV CARLOS III MADRID,DEPT FIS,C BUTARQUE 15,LEGANES 28911,SPAIN. OI Monge, Miguel A./0000-0002-0425-6789 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.243 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD788 UT WOS:A1997WD78800048 ER PT J AU Hill, JP Feng, Q Harris, QJ Birgeneau, RJ Ramirez, AP Cassanho, A AF Hill, JP Feng, Q Harris, QJ Birgeneau, RJ Ramirez, AP Cassanho, A TI Phase-transition behavior in the random-field antiferromagnet Fe0.5Zn0.5F2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DILUTED ISING ANTIFERROMAGNET; LONG-RANGE ORDER; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRITICAL-DYNAMICS; X-RAY; MODEL; SYSTEM; MAGNETIZATION; HEAT; FE0.46ZN0.54F2 AB We present a combined magnetic x-ray and neutron scattering study of the order parameter of the diluted antiferromagnet Fe0.5Zn0.5F2 in an applied field. This system is believed to be modeled by the three-dimensional random-field Ising model. A long range ordered (LRO) state is prepared through a zero-field-cooled procedure (ZFC). The evolution of this LRO state is studied on warming at fixed field. The x-ray order parameter data are well described by a power-law-like transition at all fields with an exponent beta(ZFC) varying from 0.21 to 0.12. The transition region Is broadened and may be described by a Gaussian distribution of transition temperatures, centered at T-C(H), of-width sigma(ZFC)(H). It is found that sigma(ZFC)(H)=AH(2)+B. This rounding is attributed to anomalously slow dynamics, which prevents equilibrium being attained for experimentally relevant time scales for T bcc transition would occur at much higher temperatures than observed. To treat disordered alloys along the Bain distortion path, the cluster expansion method is applied to the body-centered-tetragonal lattice, with particular choices of clusters in order to guarantee that the effective cluster interactions comply with the symmetry conditions of the cubic lattices. For disordered Ni-Cr alloys, the range of composition where the bcc and fee phases are mechanically stable is determined. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Craievich, PJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR MAT SCI & ENGN,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 787 EP 797 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.787 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD789 UT WOS:A1997WD78900028 ER PT J AU Sutter, C Grubel, G Vettier, C deBergevin, F Stunault, A Gibbs, D Giles, C AF Sutter, C Grubel, G Vettier, C deBergevin, F Stunault, A Gibbs, D Giles, C TI Helicity of magnetic domains in holmium studied with circularly polarized x rays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; PLATES AB We have studied the helicity of magnetic domains in antiferromagnetic holmium using circularly polarized x rays. The spiral magnetic structure of holmium gives rise to pairs of magnetic satellites split symmetrically around each of the main charge Bragg reflections. For circularly polarized Light the nonresonant scattering amplitudes at these satellites depend upon the helicity of the spiral, and thereby yield information about the distribution of magnetic domains with opposite helicity in the sample. The high degree of circular polarization (96%) in the incident beam was obtained by transforming a linearly polarized undulator beam with the help of a diamond quarter-wave plate. The data reveal that domains with opposite helicity were nearly equally distributed in the crystal under investigation. C1 CRISTALLOG LAB,CNRS,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. LAB NACL LUZ SINCROTRON,BR-13081970 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. RP Sutter, C (reprint author), EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL,BP 220,F-38043 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RI Giles, Carlos/E-2878-2012 OI Giles, Carlos/0000-0001-8373-7398 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 954 EP 959 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.954 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD789 UT WOS:A1997WD78900047 ER PT J AU Canfield, PC Budko, SL Cho, BK Lacerda, A Farrell, D Johnston-Halperin, E Kalatsky, VA Pokrovsky, VL AF Canfield, PC Budko, SL Cho, BK Lacerda, A Farrell, D Johnston-Halperin, E Kalatsky, VA Pokrovsky, VL TI Angular dependence of metamagnetic transitions in HoNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TMNI2B2C; ERNI2B2C; DYNI2B2C; STATE; HEAT AB Detailed measurements of M(2 K, H, theta) of HoNi2B2C, where theta is the angle that the applied field H makes with the [110] axis while remaining perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis, reveal three metamagnetic transitions with angular dependences H-c1 = (4.1 +/- 0.1 kG)/cos(theta), H-c2 = 8.4 +/- 0.2 kG/cos(phi), and H-c3 = (6.6 +/- 0.2 kG)/sin(phi), where phi = theta-45 is the angle from the [100] axis. The high-field saturated moment, M(sat) approximate to 10 mu(B)cos theta is consistent with the local moments being confined to the [110] direction. The locally saturated moments for fields between H-ci (i = 1, 2, 3) also manifest angular dependences that are consistent with combinations of local moments along [110] axes. Analysis of these data lead us to infer that the net distribution of moments is (up arrow down arrow up arrow down arrow up arrow down arrow) for H < H-c1, (up arrow up arrow down arrow up arrow up arrow down arrow) for H-c1 < H up arrow up arrow-->) for H-c2 < H < H-c3, and (up arrow up arrow up arrow up arrow up arrow up arrow) for H > H-c3. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB, PULSE FACIL, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT PHYS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP Canfield, PC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RI Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel/B-5902-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 970 EP 976 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.970 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD789 UT WOS:A1997WD78900049 ER PT J AU Rettori, C Oseroff, SB Rao, D Pagliuso, PG Barberis, GE Sarrao, J Fisk, Z Hundley, M AF Rettori, C Oseroff, SB Rao, D Pagliuso, PG Barberis, GE Sarrao, J Fisk, Z Hundley, M TI ESR of Gd3+ in the intermediate-valence YbInCu4 and its reference compound YInCu4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; YBXIN1-XCU2; NEUTRON; UBE13 AB Electron-spin-resonance (ESR) experiments on Gd3+ in the intermediate-valence phase (T < T-v) of YbInCu4 and in its reference compound YInCu4 are interpreted in terms of an enhanced density of states at the Fermi level for the Yb-based compound. The Korringa rate and g shift measured in ESR and the susceptibility data allowed us to extract the electron-electron exchange enhancement factor alpha for the Yb-based compound. The exchange interaction between the Gd3+ local moments and the conduction electrons (c-e) is c-e wave-vector dependent in both compounds. C1 UNICAMP,INST FIS GLEB WATAGHIN,BR-13083970 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Rettori, C (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.1016 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD789 UT WOS:A1997WD78900055 ER PT J AU Detlefs, C Islam, AHMZ Goldman, AI Stassis, C Canfield, PC AF Detlefs, C Islam, AHMZ Goldman, AI Stassis, C Canfield, PC TI Determination of magnetic-moment directions using x-ray resonant exchange scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; POLARIZATION; DIFFRACTION; HOLMIUM AB We present determinations of the magnetic structures of NCdNi2B2C and SmN2B2C by means of x-ray resonant exchange scattering (XRES). The integrated intensity of a number of magnetic reflections was measured as a function of the Bragg angle and compared to model calculations for various magnetic structures. The two compounds were found to have the same magnetic modulation wave vector but different moment directions. A resonant feature observed below the Sm L(3)-absorption edge, similar to unexplained effects found in other light rare-earth compounds, is identified as quadrupolar XRES and is used to refine the details of the moment direction. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Detlefs, C (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP R680 EP R683 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.R680 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD789 UT WOS:A1997WD78900009 ER PT J AU Kwei, GH Booth, CH Bridges, F Subramanian, MA AF Kwei, GH Booth, CH Bridges, F Subramanian, MA TI Single valence and structural order in the colossal-magnetoresistant pyrochlore Tl2Mn2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY; FILMS AB Without Mn3+/Mn4+ mixed-valence or Jahn-Teller distortions in the MnO6 octahedra, the origin of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in the pyrochlore Tl2Mn2O7 is thought to arise instead from superexchange with large incoherent scattering near the ferromagnetic transition. Using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy, we have shown that the electronic state of T1 is nearly identical to that in Tl2O3, indicating doping into the T1 6s bands, that there is no appreciable Mn mixed valence, and that the MnO6 octahedra are well ordered. This further supports the proposed mechanism for CMR in Tl2Mn2O7 based on our earlier structural studies. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,DEPT PHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. DUPONT CO INC,CENT RES & DEV,EXPT STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. RP Kwei, GH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP R688 EP R691 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.R688 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA WD789 UT WOS:A1997WD78900011 ER PT J AU Bateman, FB Grimes, SM Boukharouba, N Mishra, V Brient, CE Pedroni, RS Massey, TN Haight, RC AF Bateman, FB Grimes, SM Boukharouba, N Mishra, V Brient, CE Pedroni, RS Massey, TN Haight, RC TI Determination of the Si-29 level density from 3 to 22 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The level density of Si-29 has been studied over an excitation energy range of 3 to 22 MeV. Three techniques were used to derive level density values from experimental data. In the region of resolved levels, results were obtained from level counting while neutron resonance data were used in the region of slightly overlapping levels near the neutron binding energy. At the highest excitation energies, characterized by strongly overlapping levels, Ericson theory was employed to deduce level densities by examining energy-dependent fluctuations in cross sections. Three reactions yielding the same compound nucleus, Si-29, were investigated. Partial cross sections from Si-28(n,p), Si-28(n,alpha), and Al-27(d,n) Si-28 reactions were measured with good experimental resolution and statistical accuracy. From these cross sections, level densities were extracted using the two independent methods proposed by Ericson. Reasonable agreement was found among level densities derived from the two Ericson methods. Values obtained are also fairly consistent with those of various predictions and theoretical models. C1 OHIO UNIV,INST NUCL & PARTICLE PHYS,ATHENS,OH 45701. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.133 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500015 ER PT J AU Hackman, G Krucken, R Janssens, RVF Deleplanque, MA Carpenter, MP Ackermann, D Ahmad, I Amro, H Asztalos, S Blumenthal, DJ Clark, RM Diamond, RM Fallon, P Fischer, SM Herskind, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lee, IY MacLeod, RW Macchiavelli, AO Nisius, D Schmid, GJ Stephens, FS Vetter, K Wyss, R AF Hackman, G Krucken, R Janssens, RVF Deleplanque, MA Carpenter, MP Ackermann, D Ahmad, I Amro, H Asztalos, S Blumenthal, DJ Clark, RM Diamond, RM Fallon, P Fischer, SM Herskind, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Lee, IY MacLeod, RW Macchiavelli, AO Nisius, D Schmid, GJ Stephens, FS Vetter, K Wyss, R TI Structure of superdeformed bands in Hg-195 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION; COINCIDENCE DATA; SPIN ALIGNMENT; NUCLEI; STATES; REGION; SHAPE AB Four new superdeformed bands have been observed with the Gammasphere array and have been assigned to the Hg-195 nucleus. Two of the bands are interpreted as signature partners most likely based on N-osc=6 neutron quasiparticles coupled to a superdeformed core, while the other two appear to be based on a j(15/2) intruder orbital. These four bands do not exhibit a simple, ''identical bands'' relationship to other superdeformed bands in this mass region. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV COPENHAGEN,NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. MANNE SIEGBAHN INST,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP Hackman, G (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042; Ackermann, Dieter/0000-0001-6284-1516 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.148 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500017 ER PT J AU Wada, R Tezkratt, R Hagel, K Haddad, F Kolomiets, A Lou, Y Li, J Shimooka, M Shlomo, S Utley, D Xiao, B Mdeiwayeh, N Natowitz, JB Majka, Z Cibor, J Kozik, T Sosin, Z AF Wada, R Tezkratt, R Hagel, K Haddad, F Kolomiets, A Lou, Y Li, J Shimooka, M Shlomo, S Utley, D Xiao, B Mdeiwayeh, N Natowitz, JB Majka, Z Cibor, J Kozik, T Sosin, Z TI Excitation energies and temperatures of hot nuclei produced in the reactions of Cu-63+Au-197 at 35A MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUANTUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; FRAGMENT FORMATION; EMISSION; EQUATION; FISSION; DECAY; STATE; MODEL AB Observations of heavy remnants emitted at forward angles with high velocities and high associated particle multiplicities have been used to select central collisions of 35A MeV Cu-63 With Au-197. The data indicate that these remnants, both fission fragments and evaporation residuelike products, result from the deexcitation of nuclei with A similar to 225-240 having excitation energies of similar to 800-1300 MeV. Similar particle multiplicities are observed for both evaporative and fission decay channels. Modeling the results with hybrid codes which treat entrance channel dynamics followed by sequential statistical decay requires the inclusion of some delay in the fission channel to produce heavy remnants with mass A greater than or equal to 130, but the trend of the predicted velocities of these heavy remnants is different from that of the experiments. Calculations with a dynamic model based on the molecular dynamics approach have also been performed and lead to similar results. He and Li isotope yield ratios and the apparent temperatures derived from those ratios are similar to those previously reported for excited nuclei in this mass region. Temperatures derived from other yield ratios are also similar once a self-consistent treatment, taking into account population and decay of known excited states, is applied. The derived temperatures show little variation with excitation energy, suggesting that a Limiting temperature may be reached at relatively low excitation energy, although the interpretation of this result and the determination of the actual initial value of this temperature is model dependent. Comments on the application of the double isotope yield ratio technique to extraction of the nuclear caloric curve are made. C1 JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYS, PL-30059 KRAKOW, POLAND. SUBATECH, F-44072 NANTES, FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, HUMAN GENOME PROJECT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. KYOTO UNIV, FAC SCI, KYOTO 606, JAPAN. RP TEXAS A&M UNIV, INST CYCLOTRON, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RI Natowitz, Joseph/D-4160-2015 NR 65 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 227 EP 243 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.227 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500025 ER PT J AU Satchler, GR Khoa, DT AF Satchler, GR Khoa, DT TI Missing monopole strength in Ni-58 and uncertainties in the analysis of alpha-particle scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS ELASTIC-SCATTERING; EVEN-EVEN NUCLIDES; GIANT-RESONANCES; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; COLLECTIVE STATES; POTENTIAL MODEL; EXCITATION; SYSTEMATICS; QUADRUPOLE; SN-120 AB Analyses of recent measurements of the scattering of alpha particles by Ni-58 at energies of 129 and 240 MeV have indicated that only about a third of the sum rule limit for isoscalar monopole transitions was found in the giant resonance region of excitation energies (E(x) from 10 to 30 MeV). Here we examine the theoretical aspects of these analyses of inelastic scattering, both in the optical potentials obtained from elastic data and in the models used to represent the inelastic transitions. In particular we introduce the folding model and compare the use of folded optical and transition potentials with those obtained by deforming phenomenological optical potentials. We also study the effects of dynamic corrections on the folding interaction when this is density dependent. Both aspects are shown to have significant effects. We use more extensive elastic data at 139 and 340 MeV to illustrate the need for a density dependence in the folding interaction, as well as a need for different shapes for the real and imaginary parts of the potentials. Although these various features are shown to have nonnegligible effects on the theoretical cross sections for the excitations at small angles, none of them is sufficient to account for all the apparently missing strength. We estimate, based upon the most realistic folding models, that about 50% of the sum rule limit for monopole excitation was observed within the two components of the spectra centered at 17.42 and 20.76 MeV. The sharing between these two components depends upon the assumptions made about the distribution of the giant dipole strength which also results in angular distributions that peak at 0 degrees. Thus about one-half of the sum rule Limit appears to have been observed, rather than the one-third originally inferred from these data using the deformed potential model. These conclusions are based, on the one hand, upon the spectral decomposition proposed for the results of the 240 MeV experiment and, on the other hand, upon assuming that the simple breathing mode form is adequate for the monopole transition densities. The results may be sensitive to deviations from either assumption. In a similar way we also infer that at least 55%, and perhaps as much as 70%, of the isoscalar quadrupole sum rule limit may be present in this giant resonance range of excitation energies in Ni-58. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. CHUNG YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32023,TAIWAN. RP Satchler, GR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Khoa, Dao/B-9640-2009 NR 40 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.285 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500030 ER PT J AU Benesh, CJ Goldman, T AF Benesh, CJ Goldman, T TI Charge symmetry breaking in the valence quark distributions of the nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; BAG-MODEL; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; MESONS AB Using a quark model, we study the effect of charge symmetry breaking on the valence quark distributions of the nucleon. The effect due to quark mass differences and the Coulomb interaction of the electrically charged quarks is calculated and, in contrast to recent claims, found to be small. In addition, we investigate the effect of charge symmetry breaking in the confining interaction, and in the perturbative evolution equations used to relate the quark model distributions to experiment. We find that both these effects are small, and that the strong charge symmetry breaking effect included in the scalar confining interactions may be distinguishable from that generated by quark mass differences. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. IOWA STATE UNIV,INT INST THEORET & APPL PHYS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.441 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500044 ER PT J AU AlstonGarnjost, M Dougherty, BL Kenney, RW Tripp, RD Krivicich, JM Nicholson, HW Sutton, CS Dieterle, BD Foltz, SD Leavitt, CP Reeder, RA Baker, JD Caffrey, AJ AF AlstonGarnjost, M Dougherty, BL Kenney, RW Tripp, RD Krivicich, JM Nicholson, HW Sutton, CS Dieterle, BD Foltz, SD Leavitt, CP Reeder, RA Baker, JD Caffrey, AJ TI Experimental search for double-beta decay of Mo-100 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB No evidence for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Mo-100 has been found in a search using a segmented Si(Li) detector with source foils enriched to 97% Mo-100. From an exposure of 0.2664 mole years, and using Bayesian statistics to calculate confidence levels, we find a 68% lower limit on the half-life for the J(p) = 0(+) --> 0(+) transition of 0.22X10(23) yr. The measured half-life of the two neutrino double-beta decay is 0.76(-0.14)(+0.22)X10(19) yr. C1 MT HOLYOKE COLL,S HADLEY,MA 01075. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP AlstonGarnjost, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 474 EP 493 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.474 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500047 ER PT J AU Cullen, DM Appelbe, DE Reed, AT Baktash, C Yu, CH AF Cullen, DM Appelbe, DE Reed, AT Baktash, C Yu, CH TI High-K three-quasiparticle rotational bands in Hf-171 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STATES AB High-spin states have been populated in Hf-171 with the Ca-48+Te-128 reaction at 200 Mev. A three-quasiparticle strongly coupled rotational band has been established in Hf-171 which is built upon the known K-pi=19/2(+), 6.2 ns, isomeric state. In addition the strongly coupled band built upon the K-=23/2(-), 18 ns, isomeric state in Hf-171 has been extended to higher excitation energy. (g(K)-g(R))/Q(0) values, determined from the (Delta I=1)/(Delta I=2) branching ratios, have been used in combination with the aligned angular momentum to confirm the configuration assignments for each band. Three new gamma-ray transitions have also been established in Hf-171 which link the K-pi=19/2(+), 6.2 ns, isomeric bandhead state directly into the yrast states. The reduced hindrance factors for these decays are discussed. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Cullen, DM (reprint author), UNIV LIVERPOOL,OLIVER LODGE LAB,DEPT PHYS,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 508 EP 511 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.508 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500050 ER PT J AU Csoto, A Hale, GM AF Csoto, A Hale, GM TI S-matrix and R-matrix determination of the low-energy He-5 and Li-5 resonance parameters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPIC MODEL; COMPLEX ARGUMENTS; NEUTRON HALO; LIGHT-NUCLEI; COULOMB; STATES; ORDER AB We study the low-energy 3/2(-) and 1/2(-) states of He-5 and Li-5 in a microscopic cluster model. The scattering phase shifts of Bond (alpha+n) and of Schwandt (alpha+p), respectively, are well reproduced. We determine the resonance parameters by localizing the poles of the analytically continued S matrix at complex energies. Our results differ from conventional R-matrix resonance parameters, that were extracted from experimental data using the definition of a resonance based on the positions and widths of reaction cross section peaks. However, they nicely agree with the results of an extended R-matrix method that works at complex energies. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Csoto, A (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,NATL SUPERCOND CYCLOTRON LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 39 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 536 EP 539 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.536 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500059 ER PT J AU Hicks, K Baghaei, H Caracappa, A Cichocki, A Davenport, G Finlay, R Gladyshev, V Gresko, T Hoblit, S Khandaker, M Kistner, O Lee, FX Lindgren, R Lucas, M Miceli, L Norum, B Rapaport, J Sandorfi, A Sealock, R Smith, LC Thorn, C Thornton, S Whisnant, CS Wright, LE AF Hicks, K Baghaei, H Caracappa, A Cichocki, A Davenport, G Finlay, R Gladyshev, V Gresko, T Hoblit, S Khandaker, M Kistner, O Lee, FX Lindgren, R Lucas, M Miceli, L Norum, B Rapaport, J Sandorfi, A Sealock, R Smith, LC Thorn, C Thornton, S Whisnant, CS Wright, LE TI Spin asymmetries for O-16((gamma)over-right-arrow,p pi(-)) near Delta resonance energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; REGION; PHOTONS; NUCLEI AB Spin asymmetries for the O-16(<(gamma)over right arrow>,p pi(-)) reaction are reported for incident photon energies of 293 +/- 20 MeV, proton angles ranging from 28 degrees to 140 degrees (lab), and pion angles of 35 degrees to 115 degrees. The data are compared with calculations in a quasifree plane-wave impulse approximation model. This model is in good agreement with the data at small momentum transfer q, but does not follow the trend of the data at large q. Sensitivity to the Delta-nucleus potential and to modification of the Delta lifetime from nuclear medium effects are explored using a simple modification of the Delta propagator in the calculations. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. TRIUMF,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 2A3,CANADA. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT PHYS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Hicks, K (reprint author), OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP R12 EP R15 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.55.R12 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA WD765 UT WOS:A1997WD76500004 ER PT J AU Frankfurt, L Radyushkin, A Strikman, M AF Frankfurt, L Radyushkin, A Strikman, M TI Interaction of a small-size wave packet with a hadron target SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR TRANSPARENCY; QCD; LEPTOPRODUCTION; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB We calculate in QCD the cross section for the scattering of an energetic mall-size wave packet off a hadron target. We use our results to study the small-sigma behavior of P-pi N(sigma), the distribution over the cross section for the pion-nucleon scattering, in the leading alpha(s) order. C1 OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORFOLK,VA 23529. THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. JOINT INST NUCL RES,THEORET PHYS LAB,DUBNA,RUSSIA. ST PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. RP Frankfurt, L (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.98 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA WA838 UT WOS:A1997WA83800009 ER PT J AU Mrenna, S Yuan, CP AF Mrenna, S Yuan, CP TI Effects of QCD resummation on distributions of top-quark-top-antiquark pairs produced at the Fermilab tevatron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTION; GLUON RESUMMATION; BOSON PRODUCTION; HIGGS-BOSON; BACK JETS; ORDER; COLLIDERS AB We study the kinematic distributions of top-quark-top-antiquark (t (t) over bar) pairs produced at the Fermilab Tevatron, including the effects of initial state and final state multiple soft gluon emission, using the Collins-Soper-Sterman resummation formalism. The resummed results are compared with those predicted by the showering event generator PYTHIA for various distributions involving the t (t) over bar pair and the individual t or (t) over bar. The comparison between the experimental and predicted distributions will be a strong test of our understanding and application of perturbative QCD. Our results indicate that the showering event generators do not produce enough radiation. We reweight the PYTHIA distributions to agree with our resummed calculation, then use the reweighted events to better estimate the true hadronic activity in t (t) over bar-production at hadron colliders. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Mrenna, S (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.120 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA WA838 UT WOS:A1997WA83800011 ER PT J AU Blankenbecler, R AF Blankenbecler, R TI Structured targets and the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB The Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect is the suppression of Bethe-Heitler radiation caused by multiple scattering in the target medium. In this paper, the quantum treatment given earlier for finite but homogeneous targets is extended to structured targets. It is shown that radiators composed of separated plates or of a medium with a varying radiation length can exhibit coherence maxima and minima in their photon spectra. RP Blankenbecler, R (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.190 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA WA838 UT WOS:A1997WA83800019 ER PT J AU Fleischer, R Dunietz, I AF Fleischer, R Dunietz, I TI CP violation and CKM phases from angular distributions for B-s decays into admixtures of CP eigenstates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; QUARK-MIXING MATRIX; ELECTROWEAK PENGUIN; MESON DECAY; ASYMMETRIES; STANDARD; MODEL; PARAMETRIZATION; DIAGRAMS; SYSTEM AB We investigate the time evolutions of angular distributions for B-s decays into final states that are admixtures of CP-even and CP-odd configurations. A sizable lifetime difference between the B-s mass eigenstates allows a probe of CP violation in time-dependent untagged angular distributions. Interference effects between different final state configurations of B-s-->D-s*D-+(s)*(-), J/psi phi determine the Wolfenstein parameter eta from untagged data samples, or, if one uses \V-ub\/\V-cb\ as additional input, the notoriously difficult to measure CKM angle gamma. Another determination of gamma is possible by using isospin symmetry of strong interactions to relate untagged data samples of B-s-->K*K-+*(-) and B-s-->K*(0) (K) over bar*(0). We note that the untagged angular distribution for B-s-->rho(0) phi provides interesting information about electroweak penguin diagrams. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,DIV THEORET PHYS,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Fleischer, R (reprint author), UNIV KARLSRUHE,INST THEORET TEILCHENPHYS,KAISERSTR 12,D-76128 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. NR 62 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.259 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA WA838 UT WOS:A1997WA83800027 ER PT J AU Geiger, P Isgur, N AF Geiger, P Isgur, N TI Strange hadronic loops of the proton: A quark model calculation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID ZWEIG-IIZUKA RULE; DEEP INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); SPIN STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; BARYON AXIAL CURRENTS; NN FORM-FACTOR; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY AB Nontrivial q (q) over bar effects have their origin in the low-Q(2) dynamics of strong QCD. We present here a quark model calculation of the contribution of s (s) over bar pairs arising from a complete set of OZI-allowed strong Y*K* hadronic loops to the net spin of the proton, to its charge radius, and to its magnetic moment. The calculation is performed in an ''unquenched quark model'' which has been shown to preserve the spectroscopic successes of the naive quark model and to respect the OZI rule. We speculate that an extension of the calculation to the nonstrange sea will show that most of the ''missing spin'' of the proton is in orbital angular momenta. C1 JEFFERSON LAB,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. RP Geiger, P (reprint author), CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213, USA. NR 106 TC 149 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.299 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA WA838 UT WOS:A1997WA83800031 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Drees, M Gunion, JF AF Chen, CH Drees, M Gunion, JF TI Nonstandard string-SUSY scenario and its phenomenological implications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NONUNIVERSAL SOFT TERMS; NEUTRALINO RELIC DENSITY; SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; SUPERGRAVITY MODELS; GRAND UNIFICATION; STANDARD MODEL; SCALAR MASSES; CONSTRAINTS; COLLISIONS; SEARCH AB We investigate the phenomenology of an orbifold string model in which supersymmetry breaking is dominated by the overall ''size'' modulus field and all matter fields are in the untwisted sector. The possibly close degeneracy of the lightest neutralino and chargino and the possibly small splitting between the gluino and chargino or LSP mass imply that discovery of supersymmetry at future colliders could be more challenging than anticipated. Specialized search strategies and particular detector features could play an important role. For preferred model parameter choices, the phenomenology of dark matter in the universe is significantly modified. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DAVIS INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 41 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 330 EP 347 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.330 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA WA838 UT WOS:A1997WA83800034 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH Back, CA Estabrook, KG MacGowan, BJ Montgomery, DS Kirkwood, RK Moody, JD Munro, DH Stone, GF AF Glenzer, SH Back, CA Estabrook, KG MacGowan, BJ Montgomery, DS Kirkwood, RK Moody, JD Munro, DH Stone, GF TI Electron temperature and density measurements in laser-produced large-scale-length gas-bag plasmas by x-ray spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRONIC SATELLITE SPECTRA; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; HE-LIKE IONS; COLLISION STRENGTHS; FILLED TARGETS; T-E; NOVA; TRANSITIONS; RESOLUTION; IGNITION AB We present temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the K-shell emission from argon and chlorine dopants in laser-produced mm-size gas-bag plasmas. Particularly useful for the diagnostics of these plasmas are the line intensity ratios of the He- and H-like resonance lines to their respective Li- and He-like dielectronic satellite transitions. By Abel inverting the experimental spectra and applying time-dependent collisional-radiative modeling, local electron temperatures, and densities are deduced. About 0.4 ns after the beginning of the laser heating, we observe a homogeneous plasma center which heats steadily until the end of the heating pulse. Although the heating is slower than predicted by hydrodynamic simulations, the measured peak electron temperature of T-e = 3 keV for neopentane-filled gas bags is in good agreement with the hydrodynamic simulations. In addition, the electron densities inferred from the line intensity ratio of the intercombination to the resonance line of heliumlike argon are consistent with 10(21) cm(-3) as expected from the initial gas fill density. Further gas fill densities have been investigated, and in agreement with simulations we find lower temperatures for lower gas densities. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808,L-339, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. OI Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 72 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 927 EP 938 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.927 PN B PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WD546 UT WOS:A1997WD54600041 ER PT J AU Anders, A AF Anders, A TI Ion charge state distributions of vacuum arc plasmas: The origin of species SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CATHODE SPOTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PARAMETERS; JET; EQUILIBRIUM; EROSION AB Vacuum are plasmas are produced at micrometer-size, nonstationary cathode spots. Ion charge state distributions (CSD's) are experimentally known for 50 elements, but the theoretical understanding is unsatisfactory. In this paper, CSD's of vacuum are plasmas are calculated under the assumption that the spot plasma experiences an instantaneous transition from equilibrium to nonequilibrium while expanding. Observable charge state distributions are the result of a freezing process at this transition. ''Frozen'' CSD's have been calculated using Saha equations in the Debye-Huckel approximation of the nonideal plasma for all metals of the Periodic Table and for boron, carbon, silicon, and germanium. The results are presented in a ''periodic table of CSD.'' The table contains also the mean ion charge state, the neutral vapor fraction, and the effective plasma temperature and density at the freezing point for each element. The validity of the concepts of ''instantaneous freezing'' and ''effective temperature and density'' is discussed for low and high currents and for the presence of a magnetic field. Temperature fluctuations have been identified to cause broadening of CSD's. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, ERNEST O LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 62 TC 209 Z9 212 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 969 EP 981 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.969 PN B PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WD546 UT WOS:A1997WD54600046 ER PT J AU Bhat, CM Griffin, J MacLachlan, J Martens, M Meisner, K Ng, KY AF Bhat, CM Griffin, J MacLachlan, J Martens, M Meisner, K Ng, KY TI Transition crossing in proton synchrotrons using a flattened rf wave SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB The problems of beam loss and emittance growth during transition crossing in a proton synchrotron have been major issues for many years. Recently we have developed a scheme that resolves some of these problems by eliminating rf focusing during transition crossing. The technique uses a flattened (nonsinusoidal) rf wave form which delivers the correct acceleration to all particles in the beam. This scheme has been tested in the Fermilab Main Ring accelerator by the addition of 13% of a third harmonic rf voltage to the fundamental accelerating rf voltage during the nonadiabatic period near the transition energy. Beam loss was completely eliminated, and longitudinal emittance dilution after transition remained below 15%. Simulations of longitudinal beam dynamics reproduce the data well. RP Bhat, CM (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1028 EP 1034 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.1028 PN B PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WD546 UT WOS:A1997WD54600053 ER PT J AU Cao, NZ Shen, SY Jin, S Martinez, D AF Cao, NZ Shen, SY Jin, S Martinez, D TI Physical symmetry and lattice symmetry in the lattice Boltzmann method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; BGK MODELS; SIMULATION AB The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is regarded as a specific finite difference discretization for the kinetic equation of the discrete velocity distribution function. We argue that for finite sets of discrete velocity models, such as LBM, the physical symmetry is necessary for obtaining the correct macroscopic Navier-Stokes equations. In contrast, the lattice symmetry and the Lagrangian nature of the scheme, which is often used in the lattice gas automaton method and the existing lattice Boltzmann methods and directly associated with the property of particle dynamics, is not necessary for recovering the correct macroscopic dynamics. By relaxing the lattice symmetry constraint and introducing other numerical discretization, one can also obtain correct hydrodynamics. In addition, numerical simulations for applications, such as nonuniform meshes and thermo-hydrodynamics can be easily carried out and numerical stability can be ensured by the Courant-Friedricks-Lewey condition and using the semi-implicit collision scheme. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CNLS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH MATH,ATLANTA,GA 30332. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT MECH ENGN,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Cao, NZ (reprint author), IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,POB 218,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. RI Jin, Shi/F-1252-2011 NR 19 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 1 BP R21 EP R24 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.R21 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA WD545 UT WOS:A1997WD54500006 ER PT B AU Jones, ED Kotera, N Mishima, T Nakamura, H Miura, N Tigges, CP AF Jones, ED Kotera, N Mishima, T Nakamura, H Miura, N Tigges, CP BE Osinski, M Chow, WW TI Magnetoluminescence characterization of lattice matched n-type InGaAs/InAlAs MQW's on InP SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices V CY FEB 10-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE bandstructure; band masses; Landau levels; photoluminescence; magnetoluminescence AB A knowledge of the energy-band energies and masses are important parameters for the design of semiconductor lasers and light-emitting diodes. We present results of a magnetoluminescence study on n-type (N-2D similar to 1x10(12) cm(-2)) InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum wells lattice matched to InP. From an analysis of low-temperature magnetoluminescence data, a simultaneous measurement of the in-plane conduction and valence-band masses is made. We find, assuming parabolic bands, that the conduction and valence-band masses are respectively m(c) approximate to 0.069m(0) and m(v) approximate to 0.061m(0), where m(0) is the free electron mass. Fitting a nonparabolic conduction-band dispersion curve to the data yields a zone-center mass m(c) approximate to 0.056m(0) and m(v) similar to 0.102m(0). RP Jones, ED (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2405-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2994 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1117/12.275595 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BJ12S UT WOS:A1997BJ12S00047 ER PT B AU Jones, ED Millunchick, JM Follstaedt, D Hafich, M Lee, S Reno, J Twesten, R Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A AF Jones, ED Millunchick, JM Follstaedt, D Hafich, M Lee, S Reno, J Twesten, R Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A BE Osinski, M Chow, WW TI Detection of lateral composition modulation in a (InAs)(n)/(GaAs)(n) short period superlattice on InP by magnetoexciton spectroscopy SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices V CY FEB 10-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE composition modulation; photoluminescence; magnetoexciton AB An experimental signature for detecting spontaneous lateral composition modulation in a (InAs)(n)/(GaAs)(n) short period superlattice on a InP substrate based on magnetoexciton spectroscopy is presented. We find by aligning the magnetic field in three crystallographic directions, one parallel to and the other two perpendicular to the composition modulation direction, that the magnetoexciton shifts are anisotropic and are a good indicator for the presence of composition modulation. RP Jones, ED (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2405-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2994 BP 468 EP 472 DI 10.1117/12.275597 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA BJ12S UT WOS:A1997BJ12S00048 ER PT B AU Micklich, BJ Fink, CL Sagalovsky, L Smith, DL AF Micklich, BJ Fink, CL Sagalovsky, L Smith, DL BE Malotky, LO Pennellla, JJ TI Contraband detection using high-energy gamma rays from O-16 SO PHYSICS-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DETECTION OF CONTRABAND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics-Based Technologies for the Detection of Contraband CY NOV 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE non-intrusive inspection; gamma rays; accelerators; contraband; nuclear materials AB High-energy monoenergetic gamma rays (6.13 and 7.12 MeV) from the decay of excited states of the O-16* nucleus are highly penetrating and thus offer potential for non-intrusive inspection of loaded containers for narcotics, explosives, and other contraband items. These excited states can be produced by irradiation of water with 14-MeV neutrons from a DT neutron generator or through the F-19(p,alpha)O-16* reaction. Resonances in F-19(p,alpha)O-16* at proton energies between 340 keV and 2 MeV allow use of a low-energy accelerator to provide a compact, portable gamma source of reasonable intensity. The present work provides estimates of gamma source parameters and suggests how various types of contraband could be detected. Gamma rays can be used to perform transmission or emission radiography of containers or other objects. Through the use of (gamma, n) and (gamma, fission) reactions, this technique is also capable of detecting special nuclear materials such as deuterium, lithium, beryllium, uranium, and plutonium. Analytic and Monte Carlo techniques are used to model empty and loaded container inspection for accelerator-produced gamma, radioisotope, and x-ray sources. RP Micklich, BJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,TECHNOL DEV DIV,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2338-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2936 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.266270 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BH22B UT WOS:A1997BH22B00021 ER PT J AU Huesman, RH AF Huesman, RH TI Equivalent methods to analyse dynamic experiments in which the input function is noisy SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A comparison is made between two methods of parameter estimation for analysis of dynamic experiments in which the input function is noisy. Noise in the input function leads to uncertainties in the calculated model-predicted values, and therefore the covariance matrix of the residuals is a function of the model parameters. Statistical uncertainties in the model-predicted values significantly change the nature of the fitting process and the quality of the results. The initial method uses a weighted least-squares criterion where the weighting matrix is the inverse of the full covariance matrix of the residuals, incorporating both the noise in the output data and the noise in the input function. The methodology was applied to dynamic emission tomography studies of the heart, where the blood (input) and tissue (output) tracer concentrations at each time are derived from two regions of interest in the same tomographic section. The second method introduces additional parameters to describe the input function, and adds terms to the weighted sum of squares which comprise the criterion. Instead of only summing the weighted terms to account for differences between the model and the output function, there is a second set of terms to account for the differences between the model and the input function. The two methods have different theoretical bases and appear to optimize different criteria, but it is shown here that they are equivalent to one another. The criterion which they minimize is the same under certain matrix invertibility constraints, which must be satisfied to ensure the stability of either method. RP Huesman, RH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL25840, R01-HL50663] NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/42/1/010 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WG425 UT WOS:A1997WG42500010 PM 9015815 ER PT B AU Tang, M Yip, S AF Tang, M Yip, S BE Mallamace, F Stanley, HE TI Pressure-driven elastic instabilities and solid-state amorphization SO PHYSICS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-School-of-Physics-Enrico-Fermi CY JUL 09-19, 1996 CL VILLA MONASTERO, VARENNA, ITALY SP Int Sch Phys Enrico Fermi, Italian Phys Soc HO VILLA MONASTERO C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-351-X J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1997 VL 134 BP 533 EP 542 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK82F UT WOS:000073533000024 ER PT B AU Kania, DR AF Kania, DR BE Paoletti, A Tucciarone, A TI Diamond radiation detectors .1. Detector properties of IIa diamond SO PHYSICS OF DIAMOND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Physics Enrico Fermi on the Physics of Diamond CY JUL 23-AUG 02, 1996 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc RP Kania, DR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ADV MICROTECHNOL PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-352-8 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1997 VL 135 BP 555 EP 564 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ73N UT WOS:A1997BJ73N00022 ER PT B AU Kania, DR AF Kania, DR BE Paoletti, A Tucciarone, A TI Diamond radiation detectors .2. CVD diamond development for radiation detectors SO PHYSICS OF DIAMOND SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Physics Enrico Fermi on the Physics of Diamond CY JUL 23-AUG 02, 1996 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc RP Kania, DR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ADV MICROTECHNOL PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-352-8 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1997 VL 135 BP 565 EP 566 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ73N UT WOS:A1997BJ73N00023 ER PT J AU Bernabei, S Cardinali, A Giruzzi, G Hoang, GT Ignat, D Kaita, R Okabayashi, M Paoletti, F vonGoeler, S AF Bernabei, S Cardinali, A Giruzzi, G Hoang, GT Ignat, D Kaita, R Okabayashi, M Paoletti, F vonGoeler, S TI Investigation of lower hybrid wave damping in the PBX-M tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT DRIVE; PLASMAS; CAMERA AB Lower hybrid (LH) current drive experiments on the Princeton Beta Experiment-Modified (PBX-M) [Phys. Fluids B 2, 1271 (1990)] have shown that the current profile can be changed by varying the phase velocity of the waves. The radial profile of the current carrying electrons was deduced from two-dimensional hard x-ray tomography. For a certain range of phase velocities, there is a correlation between the peak of the fast electron profile and the launched wave spectrum, despite the presence of a wide spectral gap between the phase velocity and the thermal electron energy distribution. A new model is proposed to explain how first-pass wave damping is possible in such plasmas. The rf power can form a tail of energetic electrons, and subsequently waves with moderate phase velocity can damp on them. For waves with very fast phase velocity, there must be an upshift of the n(parallel to) spectrum for any damping to occur. These hypotheses are supported by ray tracing results which are coupled to relativistic Fokker-Planck calculations of the electron distribution function. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 EURATOM, ENEA FUS, FRASCATI, ITALY. EURATOM, CEA FUS, CTR ETUD CADARACHE, ST PAUL LES DURANCE, FRANCE. RP Bernabei, S (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PLASMA PHYS LAB, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1063/1.872122 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA WD537 UT WOS:A1997WD53700015 ER PT J AU Fruchtman, A Fisch, NJ Valeo, EJ AF Fruchtman, A Fisch, NJ Valeo, EJ TI Relativistic effects in energy extraction from alpha particles SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-BERNSTEIN WAVES; EXCITATION; TOKAMAKS AB The use in a tokamak of the recently reported relativistic two-gyrostream instability is investigated. The concept is evaluated with respect to the extraction of energy from relativistic ions in an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma by means of an electrostatic wave. For application to energetic alpha particle channeling in a tokamak fusion reactor, the relativistic two-gyrostream instability effects turn out to be relatively minor. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Fruchtman, A (reprint author), CTR TECHNOL EDUC HOLON,HOLON,ISRAEL. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1063/1.872124 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA WD537 UT WOS:A1997WD53700017 ER PT J AU Sheehey, P Lindemuth, I AF Sheehey, P Lindemuth, I TI Hall and two-temperature magnetohydrodynamic simulation of deuterium-fiber-initiated Z pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; STABILITY; ABLATION AB Two-dimensional ''cold-start'' resistive magnetohydrodynamic computations of formation and evolution of deuterium-fiber-initiated Z pinches have been extended to include separate ion and electron energy equations and some finite-larmor-radius ordered terms. In the Ohm's law (magnetic field evolution) equation, Hall and diamagnetic pressure terms have been added, and corresponding terms have :been added to the energy equation. None of the extended model computations show stabilizing effects for fiber-initiated Z pinches; in fact, further slight destabilization is noted. This continues the good agreement shown between previous computational results and experiment. RP Sheehey, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, POB 1663, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1063/1.872125 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA WD537 UT WOS:A1997WD53700018 ER PT J AU Lee, WW Santoro, RA AF Lee, WW Santoro, RA TI Gyrokinetic simulation of isotope effects in tokamak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; MODE AB A three-dimensional (3-D) global gyrokinetic particle code in toroidal geometry has been used for investigating the transport properties of ion temperature gradient (ITG) drift instabilities in tokamak plasmas. Using the isotopes of hydrogen (H+), deuterium (D+) and tritium (T+), it is found that, under otherwise identical conditions, there exists a trend for favorable isotope scaling for the ion thermal diffusivity, i.e., chi(i) decreases with mass. Such a trend, which exists both at the saturation of the instability and also at the fully nonlinear stage, can be understood from the resulting wave number and frequency spectra. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PHYS,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP Lee, WW (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JAN PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1063/1.872128 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA WD537 UT WOS:A1997WD53700021 ER PT J AU Lane, KD Paige, FE Skwarnicki, T Womersley, WJ AF Lane, KD Paige, FE Skwarnicki, T Womersley, WJ TI Simulations of supercollider physics SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE standard model; GEM detector; simulation ID HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING; HADRON-HADRON-COLLISIONS; INTERMEDIATE-MASS HIGGS; HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; MONTE-CARLO; TRANSVERSE ENERGY; GRAND UNIFICATION AB The Standard Model of particle physics makes it possible to simulate complete events for physics signatures and their backgrounds in high-energy collisions. A knowledge of how the produced particles interact with the materials in a detector makes it possible to simulate the response of any particular detector design of these events and so determine whether the detector could observe the signal. The combination of these techniques has played an important role in the design of new detectors, particularly those for hadron supercolliders where the high rates and small signal cross sections make the experiments difficult. The technique is reviewed here and illustrated using the simulation of the GEM detector proposed for the Superconducting Super Collider. Although the simulations and results described here are somewhat detector-specific, we believe that they can serve as a useful model for this component of detector design for future hadron supercolliders. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Lane, KD (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,590 COMMONWEALTH AVE,BOSTON,MA 02215, USA. NR 149 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5-6 BP 291 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(96)00018-X PG 81 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WE940 UT WOS:A1997WE94000001 ER PT J AU Mooring, P Ringo, R AF Mooring, P Ringo, R TI Alexander Langsdorf Jr - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Mooring, P (reprint author), APPL PHYS LETTERS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 83 EP 83 DI 10.1063/1.881652 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WB038 UT WOS:A1997WB03800023 ER PT J AU Rosenbluth, M Sessler, A Stix, T AF Rosenbluth, M Sessler, A Stix, T TI ITER debaters reply to pro and con fusion comments from readers SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP Rosenbluth, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JAN PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 95 EP 95 DI 10.1063/1.2802989 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WB038 UT WOS:A1997WB03800027 ER PT J AU Zurek, WH AF Zurek, WH TI Probing quantum origins of the classical SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORY,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD JAN PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WB715 UT WOS:A1997WB71500022 ER PT B AU Shanklin, J Cahoon, EB Whittle, E Lindqvist, Y Huang, WJ Schneider, G Schmidt, H AF Shanklin, J Cahoon, EB Whittle, E Lindqvist, Y Huang, WJ Schneider, G Schmidt, H BE Williams, JP Khan, MU Lem, NW TI Structure-function studies on desaturases and related hydrocarbon hydroxylases SO PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT LIPIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Plant Lipids CY JUL 07-12, 1996 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Lindqvist, Ylva/F-9009-2010; OI Lindqvist, Ylva/0000-0003-3162-8661 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4379-4 PY 1997 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BJ33D UT WOS:A1997BJ33D00002 ER PT B AU Cahoon, EB Shanklin, J AF Cahoon, EB Shanklin, J BE Williams, JP Khan, MU Lem, NW TI Approaches to the design of acyl-ACP desaturases with altered fatty acid chain-length and double bond positional specificities SO PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANT LIPIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Plant Lipids CY JUL 07-12, 1996 CL UNIV TORONTO, TORONTO, CANADA HO UNIV TORONTO RP Cahoon, EB (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4379-4 PY 1997 BP 374 EP 376 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BJ33D UT WOS:A1997BJ33D00118 ER PT B AU Ginsparg, P AF Ginsparg, P BE Christiansen, C Leathem, C TI Winners and losers in the global research village SO PIONEERING NEW SERIALS FRONTIERS: FROM PETROGLYPHS TO CYBERSERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference of the North-American-Serials-Interest-Group on Pioneering New Serials Frontiers - From Petroglyphs to Cyberserials CY JUN 20-23, 1996 CL UNIV NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP N Amer Serials Interest Grp Inc HO UNIV NEW MEXICO AB I describe a set of automated archives for electronic communication of research information that have been operational in many fields of physics, and some related and unrelated disciplines, starting from 1991. These archives now serve over 35,000 users worldwide from over 70 countries, and process more than 70,000 electronic transactions per day. In some fields of physics, they have already supplanted traditional research journals as conveyers of both topical and archival research information. Many of the lessons learned from these systems should carry over to other fields of scholarly publication, i.e., those wherein authors are writing not for direct financial remuneration in the form of royalties, but rather primarily to communicate information (for the advancement of knowledge, with attendant benefits to their careers and professional reputations). These archives have in addition proven equally indispensable to researchers in less-developed countries. RP Ginsparg, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 BN 0-7890-0324-4 PY 1997 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BH84Q UT WOS:A1997BH84Q00012 ER PT J AU Walla, JA Tuskan, GA Lundquist, JE Wang, CG AF Walla, JA Tuskan, GA Lundquist, JE Wang, CG TI Expression of inoculum and family specific responses in the ponderosa pine western gall rust pathosystem SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; Pinus ponderosa ID MAJOR GENE RESISTANCE; F-SP FUSIFORME; ENDOCRONARTIUM-HARKNESSII; LODGEPOLE PINE; PERIDERMIUM-HARKNESSII; UNITED-STATES; SCOTS PINE; SEEDLINGS; INOCULATION; SEVERITY AB Host-pathogen interactions in the ponderosa pine-western gall rust pathosystem were studied using seedlings from eight open-pollinated mother-tree families and Peridermium harknessii aeciospores from two geographically separate sources. Pregall symptoms occurred on seedlings by 4 days after inoculation (DAI). Gall occurrence was essentially complete by 230 DAI. Of three measured pigments, light red and dark red pigments on the needles developed most rapidly. Light red pigment on the base of the needles between 21 and 66 DAI was the pregall symptom most often (i) affected by inoculum source and host family, and (ii) correlated to gall width. Pre- and postgall symptoms varied significantly (i) between inocula, and (ii) among mother-tree families. No relationship was found between field resistance ratings of the mother trees and the expression of resistance in their progeny. The inocula varied in pathogenicity, and the seedling families varied in response to infection, as shown by differences in level of incidence and site of development of pigmentation and gall size on inoculated seedlings. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV, BROOKINGS, SD 57007 USA. RP Walla, JA (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.1.57 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN276 UT WOS:A1997XN27600011 ER PT J AU Huang, SR An, YQ McDowell, JM McKinney, EC Meagher, RB AF Huang, SR An, YQ McDowell, JM McKinney, EC Meagher, RB TI The Arabidopsis ACT11 actin gene is strongly expressed in tissues of the emerging inflorescence, pollen, and developing ovules SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant; Arabidopsis thaliana; hypocotyl; stem carpel; embryo; cytoskeleton; reproduction ID HIGHER-PLANTS; PREPROPHASE BAND; ORGANIZATION; MUSCLE; RNA; CYTOSKELETON; TRANSCRIPTS; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; THALIANA AB ACT11 represents a unique and ancient actin subclass in the complex Arabidopsis actin gene family. We have isolated and characterized the Arabidopsis ACT11 actin gene and examined its expression. Southern blotting with a 5' gene-specific probe showed that ACT11 was a single-copy gene in the genome. Northern analysis with a 3' gene-specific probe and reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR (RT-PCR) using gene-specific primers detected ACT11 mRNA at low levels in seedling, root, leaf, and silique tissue; at moderate levels in the inflorescence stem and flower: and at very high levels in pollen. The 5' region of the ACT11 gene, including the promoter region, the 5'-untranslated leader, the intron within the leader, and the first 19 actin codons, was fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The expression of the ACT11/GUS fusion was examined histochemically in numerous independent transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Strong ACT11/GUS activity was detected in rapidly elongating tissues and organs (e.g., etiolated hypocotyls, expanding leaves, stems) and in floral organ primordia. As the floral buds developed into mature flowers, strong GUS activity was gradually restricted to mature pollen and developing ovules. ACT11 appears to be the only Arabidopsis actin gene expressed at significant levels in ovule, embryo, and endosperm. The unique expression patterns in reproductive organs and the sequence divergence of the ACT11 actin gene suggest that the ACT11 isovariant plays distinct and required roles during Arabidopsis development. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. OI McDowell, John/0000-0002-9070-4874 NR 47 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1005741514764 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA WJ146 UT WOS:A1997WJ14600012 PM 9037165 ER PT J AU Hidema, J Kumagai, T Sutherland, JC Sutherland, BM AF Hidema, J Kumagai, T Sutherland, JC Sutherland, BM TI Ultraviolet B-sensitive rice cultivar deficient in cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer repair SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-UV RADIATION; ORYZA-SATIVA L; DNA-DAMAGE; NONRADIOACTIVE DNA; ALFALFA SEEDLINGS; STRAND BREAKS; SKIN-CANCER; QUANTITATION; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Repair of cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in DNA is essential in most organisms to prevent biological damage by ultraviolet (UV) light. In higher plants tested thus far, UV-sensitive strains had higher initial damage levels or deficient repair of nondimer DNA lesions but normal CPD repair. This suggested that CPDs might not be important for biological lesions. The photosynthetic apparatus has also been proposed as a critical target. We have analyzed CPD induction and repair in the UV-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Norin 1 and its close relative UV-resistant Sasanishiki using alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Norin 1 is deficient in cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimer photoreactivation and excision; thus, UV sensitivity correlates with deficient dimer repair. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. TOHOKU UNIV,INST GENET ECOL,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 113 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WC706 UT WOS:A1997WC70600006 ER PT J AU Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G AF Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G TI The metal finishing shop directory SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT News Item C1 CAI ENGN,OAKTON,VA 22124. RP Bonivert, WD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,M-S 9404,BOX 969,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 84 IS 1 BP 48 EP & PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA WA263 UT WOS:A1997WA26300014 ER PT B AU Pancerella, CM Whiteside, RA AF Pancerella, CM Whiteside, RA BE Goldstein, BLM TI Using CORBA to integrate manufacturing cells to a virtual enterprise SO PLUG AND PLAY SOFTWARE FOR AGILE MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plug and Play Software for Agile Manufacturing CY NOV 18-19, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE distributed objects; CORBA; agile manufacturing; enterprise integration; information architectures AB It is critical in today's enterprises that manufacturing facilities are not isolated from design, planning, and other business activities and that information flows easily and bidirectionally between these activities. It is also important and cost-effective that COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) software, databases, and corporate legacy codes are well integrated in the information architecture. Further, much of the information generated during manufacturing must be dynamically accessible to engineering and business operations both in a restricted corporate Intranet and on the Internet. The software integration strategy in the Sandia Agile Manufacturing Testbed supports these enterprise requirements. We are developing a CORBA-based distributed object software system for manufacturing. Each physical machining device is a CORBA object and exports a common IDL interface to allow for rapid and dynamic insertion, deletion, and upgrading within the manufacturing cell. Cell management CORBA components access manufacturing devices without knowledge of any device-specific implementation. To support information flow from design to planning to manufacturing, an electronic traveler, itself a persistent CORBA object, has been developed. Thus, design and planning data is accessible to machinists on the shop floor. CORBA allows manufacturing components to be easily accessible to the enterprise. Dynamic clients can be created using web browsers and portable Java GUI's. A CORBA-OLE adapter allows integration to PC desktop applications. Other commercial software can access CORBA network objects in the information architecture through vendor API's. RP Pancerella, CM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 969,MAILSTOP 9012,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2315-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2913 BP 148 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.263463 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH07H UT WOS:A1997BH07H00008 ER PT S AU Keblinski, P Phillpot, SR Wolf, D Gleiter, H AF Keblinski, P Phillpot, SR Wolf, D Gleiter, H BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI Comparison of the structure of grain boundaries in silicon and diamond by molecular-dynamics simulations SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB Molecular-dynamics simulations were used to synthesize nanocrystalline silicon with a grain size of up to 75 Angstrom by crystallization of randomly misoriented crystalline seeds from the melt. The structures of the highly-constrained interfaces in the nanocrystal were found to be essentially indistinguishable from those of high-energy bicrystalline grain boundaries (GBs) and similar to the structure of amorphous silicon. Despite disorder, these GBs exhibit predominantly four-coordinated (sp(3)-like) atoms and therefore have very few dangling bonds. By contrast, the majority of the atoms in high-energy bicrystalline GBs in diamond are three-coordinated (sp(2)-like). Despite the large fraction of three-coordinated GB carbon atoms, they are rather poorly connected amongst themselves, thus likely preventing any type of graphite-like electrical conduction through the GBs. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keblinski, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100002 ER PT S AU Wang, JY King, AH Zhu, YM Wang, WL Suenaga, M AF Wang, JY King, AH Zhu, YM Wang, WL Suenaga, M BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI Analyses of the grain boundary misorientation and oxygen content of bulk processed YBa2Cu3O7-delta SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB The grain boundary misorientation distribution of 203 grain boundaries in bulk processed high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-delta with five processing conditions, was studied. Two complementary analytical approaches, Grain Boundary Misorientation Distribution (GBMD) from the random description, using a hypothesis test and chi(2) analysis, and Grain Boundary Character Distribution (GBCD), using the Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) model, were applied. The GBMD and GBCD both showed grain boundary evolution departing from a random distribution above 935 degrees C processing temperature. The GBCD analyses indicated an approximately linear increase in the population of CSL-related boundaries, among which the tetragonal CSL (c/a not equal 3) boundaries grew in the same trend while orthorombic boundaries (c/a not equal 3) became stagnated. The results from comparing the corresponding GBCD and volume averaged J(c) for each batch indicated that the tetragonal CSL boundaries were oxygen deficient and accounted for, among other current limiting factors, lower current carrying ability. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100014 ER PT S AU Wall, MA Barbee, TW Bentley, J AF Wall, MA Barbee, TW Bentley, J BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI X-ray microanalysis of Al/Zr multilayers in the transmission electron microscope SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB A one-nanometer scale transmission electron microscope electron probe X-ray microanalysis characterisation of as-deposited and annealed aluminum - 11.5 at.% zirconium multilayer samples in cross-section synthesized by magnetron sputtering is reported on here. Composition line profiles were acquired across Zr layers in as-deposited material and samples isochronnally annealed in a differential scanning calorimeter to temperatures of 290 degrees C and 485 degrees C. A spatial resolution of approximaty 1.5 to 3.0 nm was achieved in these experiments and will be improved by deconvolution of the instrumental electron probe function from the data. The as-deposited structure consisted of crystalline Al and Zr layers with thin amorphous layers at the Al/Zr interfaces. The amorphous interface layers increased in thickness upon annealing to 290 degrees C. Additionally, at 390 degrees C a metastable cubic alloy forms at the Zr deposited on Al interface. Upon heating to 485 degrees C a multilayer of Al and metastable cubic AlxZr1-x phase is formed. The electron microscopic experimental technique, observations and data analysis will be discussed as applied to these multilayered materials. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wall, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, L-350,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100018 ER PT S AU Wu, LJ Bian, WM Zhu, YM AF Wu, LJ Bian, WM Zhu, YM BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI Twinning mechanism in PrCo2Cx magnetic phase SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB A magnetic rhombohedral PrCo2Cx (x=0.05 similar to 0.25) phase (space group R (3) over bar m), which is heavily twinned along the {110} and {211} planes, was identified. The twinning mechanism was explored by analyzing the reduction of crystal symmetry due to the cubic-rhombohedral phase transformation. The origin of the twinning and the formation of four twin variants were attributed to the insertion of carbon interstitials into Co-4 tetrahedrons along the (3) over bar axis in the rhombohedral lattice, which corresponds to one of the four equivalent < 111 > axes of its parent PrCo2 cubic-lattice. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, LJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100022 ER PT S AU Schneider, JA Guthrie, S Moody, NR AF Schneider, JA Guthrie, S Moody, NR BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI Interface effects on the adhesion of thin aluminum films SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB Differences in the adhesion and fracture toughness of aluminum films on sapphire due to the presence of controlled contaminants are being investigated. Adhesion is evaluated by use of nanoindentation and continuous scratch tests. A comparison was made of the properties of textured thin films of aluminum (178 to 1890 nm) that were vapor deposited onto (0001) oriented sapphire substrates. A very thin (1 nm) layer of carbon was deposited at the interface of selected samples prior to the vapor deposition of the aluminum. Spalling was observed during continuous scratch testing in specimens with carbon at the interface but not in specimens without carbon at the interface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schneider, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100023 ER PT S AU Seal, S Barr, TL Sobczak, N Benko, E Morgiel, J AF Seal, S Barr, TL Sobczak, N Benko, E Morgiel, J BE Yalisove, SM Adams, BL Im, JS Zhu, YM Chen, FR TI An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of B-N-Ti system SO POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILMS - STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polycrystalline Thin Films - Structure, Texture, Properties and Applications III, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat Inc, Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg Co, Thermion Lab Inc, Denton Vacuum Inc AB Composite nitrides (such as BN, TiN) are widely used in various industrial applications because of their extreme wear and corrosion resistance, thermal and electrical properties. Tn order to obtain composite materials with these optimal properties, it is important to elucidate whether any chemical reactions occur at nitride/metal interfaces, e.g., those involving BN-Ti/TiN. Materials of interest include the deposition by PVD of Ti and TiN on BN substrates. Some of these systems were then subjected to varying degrees of physical and thermal alteration. Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has therefore been rendered of these interfaces using cross-sectional display and sputter etching. Resulting structural and morphological features have been investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Diffusion of the nitridation, oxynitride formation and interfacial growth are of general interest. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seal, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 7-222, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-376-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 472 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK19R UT WOS:000071462100041 ER PT J AU Herlinger, AW Ferraro, JR Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP AF Herlinger, AW Ferraro, JR Chiarizia, R Horwitz, EP TI An investigation of P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid and some of its metal complexes SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE alkyl diphosphonic acids; metal complexes; P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl)methanediphosphonic acid ID METHANE DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AB Copper(II), iron(III), europium(III), thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) complexes of P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methanediphosphonic acid, H(2)DEH[MDP], were prepared along with calcium and sodium salts. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and vapor phase osmometry (VPO). Infrared spectra reveal that the asymmetric, nu(asym)(POO-), and symmetric, nu(sym)(POO-), phosphorus-oxygen stretching modes of the ligand are sensitive to the nature of the metal ion present in the compound. The dramatic variation in nu(asym)(POO-) with metal ion indicates a wide range in strength of the metal-diphosphonate interaction. The shift of both nu(asym)(POO-) and nu(sym)(POO-) to lower energies relative to their values in the sodium salt indicates symmetrical coordination of the phosphonate groups through chelate and/or bridging interactions. The difference Delta nu between the POO- stretching frequencies, [nu(asym)(POO-)-nu(sym)(POO-)], becomes smaller as the ionic potential of the metal ion increases. H(2)DEH[MDP] was found by VPO to be dimeric in toluene at 25 degrees C in the 0.2-0.005 m concentration range. Dimerization is achieved through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the phosphoryl and P-OH groups of two H(2)DEH[MDP] molecules. Pre-equilibration with water or 1.0 M nitric acid does not effect the aggregation of the ligand in toluene. The apparent aggregation numbers measured for H(2)DEH[MDP] solutions contacted with aqueous metal ions indicate that the ligand has a tendency to form polynuclear complexes. Aggregation increases with increasing metal ion concentration, deprotonation of the P-OH groups, and the ionic potential of the metal ion. The absence of nitrate ion in these solutions shows that, under high metal loading conditions, cations are extracted from aqueous nitric acid by H(2)DEH[MDP] with displacement of hydrogen ions. Ligand band shifts indicate that when excess un-ionized H(2)DEH[MDP] is present in solution, the phosphoryl oxygen atoms of the acid participate in the complexation process. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,6525 N SHERIDAN RD,CHICAGO,IL 60626, USA. NR 22 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PY 1997 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1843 EP 1854 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(96)00495-0 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA WQ942 UT WOS:A1997WQ94200012 ER PT J AU Zubkowski, JD Washington, D Njoroge, N Valente, EJ Cannon, T Parks, CD Berdahl, P Perry, DL AF Zubkowski, JD Washington, D Njoroge, N Valente, EJ Cannon, T Parks, CD Berdahl, P Perry, DL TI Formation, magnetic properties and structures of copper(II) levulinates SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE crystal structures; copper complexes; levulinic acid; magnetic properties; copper carboxylates; nitrogen donor ligands ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; MONOHYDRATE; LIGAND AB The syntheses and characterizations of a series of copper(II) levulinic acid complexes are reported. The structure of [Cu-2(O2C(CH2)(2)COCH3)(4)](n)(-O2C(CH2)(2)COCH3 = lev), 1, and the products of its reaction with pyridine, 2,2'-dipyridine and triphenylphospine have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction with pyridine leads to [Cu(H2O)(O2CCH2CH2COCH3)(2)(NC5H5)(2)], 2. Reaction with 2,2'-dipyridine leads to [Cu(O2CCH2CH2COCH3)(2)(N2C10H8)], 3. When Cu-2(lev)(4) is reacted with PPh3 the product is [Cu-2(O2CCH2CH2COCH3)(4){(mu-O2CCH2CH2COCH3)(Cu(PPh3)(2)}(2)], 4. Solid-state magnetic susceptibility studies are described for 1 and 4 from 5-300 K, which suggests the system is similar to the known copper(II) acetates. Fitting parameters are -J/k = 410(10) K and g = 2.10(5) for 1 and -2J/k = 425(20) K and g = 2.25(10) for 4. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 have been studied by single crystal X-ray crystallography. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MISSISSIPPI COLL, DEPT CHEM, CLINTON, MS 39058 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP JACKSON STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, JACKSON, MS 39217 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PY 1997 VL 16 IS 14 BP 2341 EP 2351 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(96)00590-6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA WY694 UT WOS:A1997WY69400002 ER PT J AU Angelici, RJ AF Angelici, RJ TI An overview of modeling studies in HDS, HDN and HDO catalysis SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Review DE hydrodesulfurization; hydrodenitrogenation; hydrodeoxygenation; thiophene; pyridine; furan ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; CARBON-SULFUR BOND; HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS; THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION; DEUTERIUM-EXCHANGE; HYDRODENITROGENATION CATALYSIS; LIGHT OIL; HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGENATION; DESULFURIZATION REACTIONS; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES AB Recent legislation directed at reducing sulfur levels in petroleum-based fuels has led to numerous studies of commercial hydrotreating, the process whereby sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are removed from organic compounds in petroleum feedstocks. The goal of this overview is to highlight organometallic and clean surface model studies that offer realistic ways of understanding details of hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions as they occur on heterogeneous hydrotreating catalysts. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 130 TC 148 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PY 1997 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3073 EP 3088 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(96)00581-5 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA XH124 UT WOS:A1997XH12400002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA AF Rodriguez, JA TI Properties of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn on S/Mo(110) surfaces and MoSx films: Metal-metal interactions and the behavior of HDS catalysts SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE hydrodesulfurization; metal sulfides; bimetallic catalysts; sulfur hydrogenation ID SULFIDE HYDRODESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS; PROMOTED SULFIDATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MOLYBDENUM SULFIDE; SYNERGIC SYSTEMS; SULFUR; ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; MO(100); CHEMISORPTION AB Recent studies on the physical and chemical properties of surfaces that contain sulfur, molybdenum and a second metal (X = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn) are discussed. The exposure of Mo(110) to large amounts of St gas produces only a chemisorbed layer of sulfur, without forming molybdenum sulfides. The sulfidation of Mo occurs after exposing X/Mo(110) surfaces to S-2. Bimetallic bonding increases the reactivity of Mo toward sulfur. A good correlation exists between trends seen for the activity of XSy/MoS2 catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions and trends found for the sulfidation of Mo in S/X/Mo(110) surfaces. Co and Ni exhibit a unique ability to promote Mo ct S interactions that can be attributed to electronic effects induced by metal <-> metal interactions. On X/S/Mo(110) surfaces and X/MoSy films, the slow step in the H-2(gas) + S(solid) --> H2S(gas) reaction is the dissociation of molecular hydrogen. Co/MoSy and Ni/MoSy films interact strongly with atomic hydrogen, sorbing this element and forming gaseous hydrogen sulfide. The behavior of molybdenum sulfide catalysts in HDS processes is discussed in light of these results. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PY 1997 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3177 EP 3184 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(97)00020-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA XH124 UT WOS:A1997XH12400009 ER PT J AU Celina, M Ottesen, DK Gillen, KT Clough, RL AF Celina, M Ottesen, DK Gillen, KT Clough, RL TI FTIR emission spectroscopy applied to polymer degradation SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article ID THERMALLY AGED ELASTOMERS; INFRARED-EMISSION; OXIDATION AB The thermal degradation of some common polymers was investigated using infrared emission spectroscopy. The potential of the technique to contribute to polymer degradation studies is demonstrated by measuring the spectroscopic changes that occur during thermal degradation, oxidation or decomposition of polymers under air at temperatures ranging from 150 to 250 degrees C. Polymer types studied include EPDM and nitrile rubbers (commercial materials containing some inorganic fillers), PMMA, PAN, PA, PVC and PS. The resulting qualitative changes in the polymers were easily detected, and were correlated with the current knowledge on the degradation mechanisms of these materials. These include simple carbonyl formation and related oxidative reactions, weight loss and volatilization, as well as formation of conjugation and specific polymer reactions. Some fundamental aspects and limitations of the technique are discussed to demonstrate the intrinsic difficulties of attempting to determine precise emittances and ultimately quantitative spectroscopic information. FTIR emission appears to be promising for studying in situ polymer degradation. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Celina, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PY 1997 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0141-3910(96)00218-2 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YV300 UT WOS:000071809400003 ER PT B AU Jung, DR Czanderna, AW Herdt, GC AF Jung, DR Czanderna, AW Herdt, GC BE Mittal, KL Lee, KW TI Bonding at metal self-assembled organic monolayer interfaces SO POLYMER SURFACES AND INTERFACES: CHARACTERIZATION, MODIFICATION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces - Characterization, Modification and Application, at the 53rd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers (ANTEC 95) CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Plast Engineers, Plast Anal Div DE self-assembled monolayers; metal-polymer interactions; metal-polymer interfaces; XPS/ISS analysis of metal-polymer interfaces; Cr interactions with CH3, CN, COOH, and COOCH3 groups; Cu and Ag interactions with COOH AB The purpose of research on metals (M) deposited onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is to understand the interactions between the metal and eventually metal oxide overlayers on well-ordered organic surfaces. Applications of M/SAM and inorganic/SAM research results to the understanding of real inorganic/organic interfaces in vacuum and under environmental conditions can potentially play a key role in the development of advanced devices with stable interfacial properties. The results of M/SAM studies to date are reviewed, M/SAM combinations are ranked according to reactivity and penetration, and specific examples of reactive interfaces (Cu/COOH, Cr/CH3, Cr/CN, Cr/COOH, and Cr/COOCH3) and nonreactive interfaces with penetration (Ag/COOH) are used to illustrate the extremes. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Czanderna, AW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-217-7 PY 1997 BP 189 EP 221 PG 33 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BH94U UT WOS:A1997BH94U00014 ER PT S AU Steckle, WP AF Steckle, WP BE Khemani, KC TI Carbon foams prepared from hyper-cross-linked polymer foams SO POLYMERIC FOAMS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT International Symposium on Recent Advances in Polymeric Foam Science and Technology, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Chem ID CARBOGENIC MOLECULAR-SIEVES; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ADSORPTION; NUCLEATION AB Carbon foams prepared from hypercrosslinked polymer foams retain high surface areas as well as tailorable pore size distributions ranging from under 10 Angstrom to 1,000 Angstrom. A series of rigid hypercrosslinked foams has been prepared using simple rigid polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl, diphenylmethane, and polystyrene, with p-dichloroxylene as the crosslinking agent. Surface areas for these materials range from 160 m(2)/g to 1,200 m(2)/g Unlike current methods for preparing carbogenic molecular sieves, the resulting porosity of the foams is determined by the porosity of the starting material, not the pyrolysis conditions, although pyrolysis conditions do alter the yield and other properties as well. RP Steckle, WP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL, POLYMER & COATINGS GRP, MST-7, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3516-3 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 669 BP 26 EP 36 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA BJ07A UT WOS:A1997BJ07A00003 ER PT S AU Hau, LV Hunt, AW Golovchenko, JA Haakenaasen, R Lynn, KG AF Hau, LV Hunt, AW Golovchenko, JA Haakenaasen, R Lynn, KG BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Progress towards measuring atomic scale magnetism with fast channeled positrons SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE positron annihilation; positron channeling; valence electron density; spin magnetic density ID RADIATION; PROBE AB A new probe for valence electron and spin magnetic densities in thin crystals is presented. The probe is based upon two photon annihilation in flight of channeled MeV positrons [1]. The channeling effect is used to steer positrons into the interstices of a crystal where the valence electrons reside, and annihilation in flight is used as a localized probe of electron density. Transmission measurements have tested our quantitative understanding of the spatial and momentum distribution of channeled positrons. Calculations of annihilation rates in a gold crystal show that the probe is highly sensitive to valence electrons, and we have begun a major new experimental program, involving a 3 MeV Pelletron accelerator and associated beam line at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, to measure valence electron densities with channeled positrons. In addition, calculations show that the annihilation cross section is dependent on the relative spin alignment of the annihilating electron-positron pair and that channeling states in crystalline iron are sensitive to different regions of the spin magnetic density. Our ultimate goal is to create a spin polarized beam of positrons that - in combination with the possibility for selective population of channeling states - will allow us to measure the spatial distribution of the magnetization in thin magnetic crystals on an atomic scale. C1 Rowland Inst Sci Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Senter Mat Vitenskap, N-0371 Oslo, Norway. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Hau, LV (reprint author), Rowland Inst Sci Inc, 100 Edwin H Land Blvd, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100019 ER PT S AU Asoka-Kumar, P AF Asoka-Kumar, P BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Chemical identity of atoms using core electron annihilations SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE elemental specificity; chemical identification; high-momentum electrons ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; IDENTIFICATION; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Positron annihilation spectroscopy is a sensitive probe for studying the electronic structure of defects in solids. The high momentum part of the Doppler-broadened annihilation spectra can be used to distinguish different elements. This is achieved by using a new two-detector coincidence system and by imposing appropriate kinematic cuts to exclude background events. The new setup improves the peak to background ratio in the annihilation spectrum to similar to 10(5). As a result, the line shape variations arising from different cure electrons can be studied. The new approach adds elemental specificity to the Doppler broadening technique, and is useful in studying elemental variations around a defect site. Results from several case studies are reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Asoka-Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100028 ER PT S AU Xu, J Hulett, LD Somieski, B Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T AF Xu, J Hulett, LD Somieski, B Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Variable-energy positron lifetime studies of Al2O3 films on aluminide metals SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE variable energy positron lifetime; alumina film; oxidation; micro-defects AB Positron lifetimes of Al2O3 films coated on metal alloys have been measured using variable-energy positron lifetime spectroscopy and analyzed with the CONTIN and POSFIT programs, Micro defects in the alumina films were found to depend on the processes in which the films are generated and the chemical composition of the metals, The vacuum-film and film-metal interfaces were also studied by varying positron energy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Electrotech Lab, Ibaraki, Osaka 305, Japan. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100037 ER PT S AU Haakenaasen, R Hunt, AW Golovchenko, JA Howell, RH Selim, FA Lynn, KG Cownan, TE Hau, LV AF Haakenaasen, R Hunt, AW Golovchenko, JA Howell, RH Selim, FA Lynn, KG Cownan, TE Hau, LV BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Single-quantum annihilation and two-quantum annihilation-in-flight measurements of electron distributions using channeled positrons SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE Single-Quantum Annihilation (SQA); Two-Quantum Annihilatian-in-Flight (TQAF); channeling; electron density AB The goal of our experiments is to combine the channeling technique with single-quantum annihilation (SQA) and two-quantum annihilation-in-flight (TQAF) in order to measure electron distributions in a crystal. In SQA the incoming positron annihilates with an inner shell electron, while in TQAF the positron can annihilate with any electron in the crystal. We can use the channeling effect to steer the positrons in the crystal, and the measured annihilation rates will reflect the electron density in the region the positrons go through. We are upgrading the 3 MeV positron accelerator at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to become a new intense source of the monochromatic, MeV positrons required for channeling, and we are constructing a new beamline for these experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Senter Mat Vitenskap, N-0371 Oslo, Norway. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Alexandria, Dept Engn Phys, Alexandria, Egypt. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Selim, Farida/N-8077-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 257 EP 259 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100047 ER PT S AU Hunt, AW Hau, LV Golovchenko, JA AF Hunt, AW Hau, LV Golovchenko, JA BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Spin precession for channeled positrons and electrons SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE Two Quantum Annihilation-in-Flight (TQAF); channeling; spin precession ID QUANTUM AB The prospect of using channeled positrons as a probe of magnetic structure on an atomic scale has made it imperative to fully understand spin motion during positron channeling. Classical calculations of positron spin motion are presented. These calculations are compared with previous theoretical calculations and the implication for the magnetic structure probe will be discussed. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Rowland Inst Sci Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Hunt, AW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 263 EP 265 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100049 ER PT S AU Selim, FA Golovchenko, JA Abou Mandour, M Howell, R Abou Elwafa, MS AF Selim, FA Golovchenko, JA Abou Mandour, M Howell, R Abou Elwafa, MS BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Calculations of multiple scattering for fast positrons and electrons SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE multiple scattering; spin relativistic effect; Monte Carlo AB The differential multiple scattering cross section for high energy electrons and positrons has been evaluated using Goudsmit Saunderson multiple scattering theory and the Thomas-Fermi potential. The theory is modified to include the energy loss of the panicle along its path. Spin and relativistic effects are considered through the spin relativistic factor. A Monte Carlo simulation using a condensed technique has been developed and used with the multiple scattering cross sections to caluclate the angular distributions of electrons and positrons for any desired target thickness. The range of parameters over which the theory is valid will be discussed in detail. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Alexandria, Dept Engn Phys, Alexandria 21544, Egypt. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rowland Inst Sci Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Univ Alexandria, Dept Nucl Engn, Alexandria 21544, Egypt. RP Selim, FA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Selim, Farida/N-8077-2016 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 266 EP 268 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100050 ER PT S AU Moxom, J Xu, J Hulett, LD Schrader, DM Laricchia, G Somieski, B AF Moxom, J Xu, J Hulett, LD Schrader, DM Laricchia, G Somieski, B BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Fragmentation of CH3F by positron impact SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE positronium; molecule; fragmentation; attachment ID ANNIHILATION; MOLECULES AB Low energy e(+) have been scattered from the gas CH3F and the positively charged fragment ions have been detected and mass analyzed using a time of flight mass spectrometer. Dissociative attachment processes are indicated by the appearance potentials of some of the fragments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Moxom, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 272 EP 274 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100052 ER PT S AU Eldrup, M Sanders, PG Weertman, JR AF Eldrup, M Sanders, PG Weertman, JR BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Positron annihilation study of the influence of grain size and purity on the annealing behaviour of nano-crystalline copper SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE nano-crystals; copper; purity; grain size; defects; positron annihilation ID NANOCRYSTALLINE PALLADIUM; METALS AB Annealing of nano-crystalline Cu with different grain sizes and purities gives rise to changes in positron lifetime parameters at much lower temperature for the pure than for the impure specimens. Positron trapping into different types of defects is found not to have a simple relationship with grain size. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Laser Applicat Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eldrup, M (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 436 EP 438 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100106 ER PT S AU Vasumathi, D Barbiellini, B Manuel, AA Hoffman, L Jarlborg, T Modler, R Geibel, C Steglich, F Peter, M Jaccard, D Haen, P Lejay, P AF Vasumathi, D Barbiellini, B Manuel, AA Hoffman, L Jarlborg, T Modler, R Geibel, C Steglich, F Peter, M Jaccard, D Haen, P Lejay, P BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Positron annihilation study of CeCu2Si2 SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE 2D-ACAR; Fermi surface; heavy fermions; F-electrons ID BAND AB Results of 2D-ACAR experiments on the heavy fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2 above and below the Kondo temperature, T-K are presented. Experimental data are compared with LMTO band structure calculations on both CeCu2Si2 and the isostructural f-electron free compound, LaCu2Si2. C1 Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Tech Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. TH Darmstadt, Inst Festkorperphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Vasumathi, D (reprint author), Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RI Barbiellini, Bernardo/K-3619-2015 OI Barbiellini, Bernardo/0000-0002-3309-1362 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 485 EP 487 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100122 ER PT S AU Shan, YY Lynn, KG Szeles, C Asoka-Kumar, P Thio, T Bennett, JW Beling, CB Fung, S Becla, P AF Shan, YY Lynn, KG Szeles, C Asoka-Kumar, P Thio, T Bennett, JW Beling, CB Fung, S Becla, P BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI The microscopic structure of DX centers in Cd0.8Zn0.2Te : Cl SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE DX centers; A centers; CdZnTe; Doppler broadening; two-detector coincidence ID ANNIHILATION AB The microscopic structure of chlorine DX centers was studied in Cd0.8Zn0.2Te:Cl by positron annihilation and thermoelectric current measurements, Photoexcitation of the DX centers induces a transition of the Cl atoms to the shallow-donor state and persistent photoconductivity (PPC) at low temperature, The DX state is recovered by annealing at 140 K where the relaxation of the substitutional Cl atoms to the DX state was observed, The shallow-deep transition is coincident with a sharp decrease of the positron line-shape parameter and a significant increase of annihilation with high-momentum core electrons, The results indicate positron trapping and annihilation at chlorine A centers after photoexcitation and at DX centers after annealing. Among the three configurations proposed for Cl DX centers in Cd1-xZnxTe the data support the bond-breaking geometry and the relaxation of the Cl and Cd(Zn) atoms along the [111] direction, The thermal barrier for the shallow-deep transition was found to be 0.44 eV. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Shan, YY (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 506 EP 508 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100129 ER PT S AU Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y AF Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Positron trapping at H- and D- ions in MgO crystals SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE PsH; PsD; self-trapped positrons; positron trapping; MgO AB Low-temperature positron lifetime and Doppler-broadening measurements Stave been performed on MgO single crystals containing either H- or D-. The temperature dependence of the mean positron lifetime and the parameter S indicate that the positron trapping coefficient for H-(D-) ions increases with temperature. A model involving delocalized, self-trapped, and bound states [e(+)-H-] and [e(+)-D-] for positrons predicts the temperature dependence observed for the annihilation parameters. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, E-28911 Leganes, Spain. US DOE, ER 131, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Monge, MA (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, C Butarque 15, E-28911 Leganes, Spain. OI Monge, Miguel A./0000-0002-0425-6789 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 566 EP 568 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100149 ER PT S AU Somieski, B Meyendorf, N Arloth, M Krause-Rehberg, R AF Somieski, B Meyendorf, N Arloth, M Krause-Rehberg, R BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Positron lifetime spectroscopy on laser-hardened carbon steels SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE positron lifetime; laser hardening; carbon steels; martensitic transformation ID SPECTRA DECOMPOSITION; IRON AB Carbon steels containing different amounts of carbon were hardened by laser irradiation, Defects generated during the self-quenching induced martensitic transformation were probed by positron lifetime spectroscopy, The dependence of the defect structure on the deposited energy as well as on the position in a laser-hardened track is presented, Material dependence of the microdefect structure is discussed. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fachbereich Phys, D-06108 Halle, Germany. Univ Saarbrucken, Fraunhofer Inst Zerstorungsfreie Prufverfahren, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CASD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Somieski, B (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fachbereich Phys, Friedemann Bach Pl 6, D-06108 Halle, Germany. EM somieskib@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 584 EP 586 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100155 ER PT S AU Howell, RH Stoeffl, W Kumar, A Sterne, PA Cowan, TE Hartley, J AF Howell, RH Stoeffl, W Kumar, A Sterne, PA Cowan, TE Hartley, J BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI High current pulsed positron microprobe SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE microprobe; defect profile ID MICROBEAM AB We are developing a low energy, microscopically focused, pulsed positron beam for defect analysis by positron lifetime spectroscopy to provide a new defect analysis capability at the 10(10) e(+)s(-1) beam at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory electron linac. When completed, the pulsed positron microprobe will enable defect specific, 3-dimensional maps of defect concentrations with sub-micron resolution of defect location. By coupling these data with first principles calculations of defect specific positron lifetimes and positron implantation profiles we will map the identity and concentration of defect distributions. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Howell, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 644 EP 646 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100175 ER PT S AU Marek, T Szeles, C Kiss, E Vertes, A Lynn, KG AF Marek, T Szeles, C Kiss, E Vertes, A Lynn, KG BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Study on feasibility of variable energy slow-positron beams in characterization of arachidate Langmuir-Blodgett films SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE Langmuir-Blodgett films; positron annihilation spectroscopy; positron-beams; thermal desorption ID SURFACES AB An extended set of arachidate Langmuir-Blodgett (LB-) films was studied by variable energy slow-positron beams. We studied the effect of the number of deposited monomolecular layers (MML), chemical composition, method of preparation and behaviour of the films in vacuum. The numeric analysis of the obtained S vs.E (W vs. E) curves showed that the method is capable to measure the thickness of the LB-films, and the measured Doppler-broadening parameters are sensitive to the chemical composition and the time spent in vacuum. The results confirmed the stability of salt-based LB-films in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and showed the desorption of pure acid films. OUT results suggest that positron beams provide valuable complementary information to results obtained by other techniques. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Nucl Chem, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Colloid Chem, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RP Marek, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Nucl Chem, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RI Kiss, E/H-4455-2011; Marek, Tamas/A-7606-2012 OI Kiss, E/0000-0002-4757-4437; Marek, Tamas/0000-0001-6076-4289 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 686 EP 688 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100189 ER PT S AU Zhang, R Cao, H Yuan, JP Huang, CM Zhang, Q Sandreczki, TC Nielsen, B Asoka-Kumar, P Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T Jean, YC AF Zhang, R Cao, H Yuan, JP Huang, CM Zhang, Q Sandreczki, TC Nielsen, B Asoka-Kumar, P Suzuki, R Ohdaira, T Jean, YC BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Surface properties of polymers studied by slow positron annihilation spectroscopy SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE Doppler broadening; slow positron; T-g; polymer; polystyrene ID THIN-FILMS; SIMULATION; BEAMS AB Slow positrons, lifetime, and Doppler broadening techniques have been used to probe the near surface properties of polymeric materials, such as polystyrene, polyvinychloride, polyurethane, and multi-layer coating systems, Free-volume hole sizes, and distributions are obtained as a function of depth profile from the surface. The glass transition temperatures ate found to decrease significantly between 50 Angstrom and 500 Angstrom from the surface. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Electrotech Lab, Ibaraki, Osaka 305, Japan. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 704 EP 707 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100195 ER PT S AU White, M Lessner, E AF White, M Lessner, E BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Slow positron target concepts for the advanced photon source (APS) linear accelerator SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE linac; positron; target; simulations AB The APS linear accelerator (linac) system [1,2] consists of a 200-MeV, 2856-MHz S-band electron Linac, followed by a 450-MeV positron linac. The linac is available for other uses upon completion of the storage ring injection cycle. Nominal linac beam power is 480 W but the power can be increased substantially, making it suitable for production of slow positrons. Simulation studies for the design of a slaw-positron target-moderator system that is optimized for operation with the APS linac are presented, Results of simulations of various target configurations indicate that a suitably designed multilayer target can result in a higher positron yield than a single-block target. Use of an integrated, multilayer target moderator is suggested. Some possibilities for extracting slow positrons between target layers by means of electromagnetic fields are discussed. First results from recent accelerator studies aimed at increasing the linac beam power are also presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP White, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 778 EP 780 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100218 ER PT S AU Mijnarends, PE Kruseman, AC van Veen, A Ghosh, VJ Asoka-Kumar, P Bansil, A Kaprzyk, S Lynn, KG AF Mijnarends, PE Kruseman, AC van Veen, A Ghosh, VJ Asoka-Kumar, P Bansil, A Kaprzyk, S Lynn, KG BE Jean, YC Eldrup, M Schrader, DM West, RN TI Two-detector Doppler broadening profiles in Al SO POSITRON ANNIHILATION: ICPA-11 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POSITRON ANNIHILATION, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, USA, MAY 1997 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Positron Annihilation (ICPA-11) CY MAY 25-30, 1997 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP K L Cheng Trust Fund, Natl Sci Fdn, PHYS, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Dept Chem, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Missouri Kansas City, Off Res Adm, Univ Missouri, Acad Affairs, EG&G ORTEC DE positrons; Doppler broadening lifetime; dual detector; electronic structure; KKR; aluminium ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; DENSITY; SOLIDS; STATES; ALLOYS AB Low-background Doppler broadening profiles have been measured in Al. The KKR methodology has been used to calculate the profile and study the effect of positron-electron correlation. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Inst Interfac Reactor, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Acad Min & Met, PL-31214 Krakow, Poland. Washington State Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Mijnarends, PE (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Inst Interfac Reactor, Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-779-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 255-2 BP 784 EP 786 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BK31T UT WOS:000071768100220 ER PT J AU Lograsso, BK Jones, L AF Lograsso, BK Jones, L TI Powder injection moulding using corn based biopolymers SO POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article AB Environmental problems encountered with commonly used injection moulding binder formulations have led to attempts to produce more acceptable alternatives based on renewable biopolymers. Initial progress in an ongoing programme investigating corn based binder systems is described. The new binder has successfully been used as a vehicle for the moulding of complex aluminium nitride heat sink components. C1 US DOE, AMES LAB, MAT PREPARAT CTR, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP Lograsso, BK (reprint author), 8VA CORP, 2501 N LOOP DR, AMES, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0032-5899 J9 POWDER METALL JI Powder Metall. PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YC624 UT WOS:A1997YC62400033 ER PT J AU Ontko, JS AF Ontko, JS TI Generalized fractional efficiency SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fractional efficiency; particle capture; similarity AB Simple probabilistic considerations suggest that the fractional efficiency of particle separation devices is a cumulative distribution function defined over the inlet particulate mass distribution. The present article develops this idea for arbitrary univariate distributions. Some practical considerations and the implications of this formulation on similarity laws are then briefly discussed. RP Ontko, JS (reprint author), US DOE,MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 880,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0032-5910(96)03193-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA WG695 UT WOS:A1997WG69500003 ER PT J AU Ruth, LA AF Ruth, LA TI Commercial LEBS and HPPs are plausible SO POWER LA English DT Letter RP Ruth, LA (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 141 IS 1 BP 14 EP & PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA WG449 UT WOS:A1997WG44900010 ER PT B AU MacGregor, MH AF MacGregor, MH BE Jeffers, S Roy, S Vigier, JP Hunter, G TI Stationary vacuum-polarization ''P fields'': The missing element in electromagnetism and quantum mechanics SO PRESENT STATUS OF THE QUANTUM THEORY OF LIGHT: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOUR OF JEAN-PIERRE VIGIER SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Present Status of the Quantum Theory of Light, in Honour of Professor Jean-Pierre Vigier CY AUG, 1995 CL YORK UNIV, TORONTO, CANADA HO YORK UNIV AB A spectroscopic analysis of electrons and photons shows that. with an extension of our usual concept of basis states, these particles admit essentially classical representations. By assigning mass and charge ''lattices'' to the vacuum state, we can define basic ''particle-hole'' and ''antiparticle-antihole'' vacuum-polarization excitation pairs, and we can deduce their equations of motion. We denote these (non-rotating) P-H and (P) over bar-(H) over bar pairs as ''polarons'' and ''antipolarons.'' With the aid of the polaron basis states, we can reproduce not only the photon, but also the ''zeron,'' which is the quantum of the wave packet that accompanies the photon. The photon is spectroscopically reproduced as a linked polaron-antipolaron pair in a rotational mode. The zeron is a rotating polaron that closely mimics the photon electromagnetically, but which carries only infinitesimal amounts of energy and momentum. In its motion through space, a wave train of rotating zerons induces a stationary polaron electric field pattern (a ''P field'') of opposite polarity in the vacuum state. This static P field performs a number of crucial functions: (1) the P field ''self-synchronizes'' individual zerons into accurately correlated psi-wave packets, both for plane waves and for psi-wave interference patterns; (2) the electric field strength of the P field in overlapping interference regions is proportional to the square of the corresponding psi-wave amplitude, and in its steering mechanism this interference P field converts psi-wave amplitudes into quantum mechanical probability distributions. (3) the requirement that the P field must close on itself furnishes the quantization of atomic electron orbitals in accurate multiples of the de Broglie wavelength lambda; (3) a pair of time-reversed (counter-rotating and spin-reversed) electrons, protons, or neutrons can share a common mutually-enhanced P field, thus creating the ''pairing force'' mechanism that dominates both atomic and nuclear structure, and which also leads to the Cooper pairs of superconductivity; (5) we can provide a physical basis for the psi-wave orthogonality relations that dictate atomic shell structure by imposing the requirement that the superposed P fields of two electrons in different orbitals do not (on the average) ''steer'' each other's electrons. Classical electric E-field lines are reproduced as chains of linked polarons, and magnetic H-field lines are reproduced as linked-polaron loops, with the Lorentz force acting to prevent the collapse of the loops. RP MacGregor, MH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4337-9 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1997 VL 80 BP 17 EP 35 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics; Physics GA BH47T UT WOS:A1997BH47T00003 ER PT B AU Ahluwalia, DV AF Ahluwalia, DV BE Jeffers, S Roy, S Vigier, JP Hunter, G TI A new type of massive spin-one boson: And its relation with Maxwell equations SO PRESENT STATUS OF THE QUANTUM THEORY OF LIGHT: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOUR OF JEAN-PIERRE VIGIER SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Present Status of the Quantum Theory of Light, in Honour of Professor Jean-Pierre Vigier CY AUG, 1995 CL YORK UNIV, TORONTO, CANADA HO YORK UNIV RP Ahluwalia, DV (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS MESON PHYS FACIL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4337-9 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1997 VL 80 BP 443 EP 457 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics; Physics GA BH47T UT WOS:A1997BH47T00042 ER PT B AU Kepler, RG Soos, ZG AF Kepler, RG Soos, ZG BE Sariciftci, NS TI The role of excitons in charge carrier production in polysilanes SO PRIMARY PHOTOEXCITATIONS IN CONJUGATED POLYMERS: MOLECULAR EXCITON VERSUS SEMICONDUCTOR BAND MODEL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Topical Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers and Fullerenes CY FEB 15-19, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kepler, RG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-2880-5 PY 1997 BP 363 EP 383 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BK82S UT WOS:000073537100013 ER PT B AU McBranch, DW Sinclair, MB AF McBranch, DW Sinclair, MB BE Sariciftci, NS TI Ultrafast photoinduced absorption in nondegenerate ground-state conjugated polymers: Signatures of excited states SO PRIMARY PHOTOEXCITATIONS IN CONJUGATED POLYMERS: MOLECULAR EXCITON VERSUS SEMICONDUCTOR BAND MODEL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Topical Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers and Fullerenes CY FEB 15-19, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McBranch, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-2880-5 PY 1997 BP 587 EP 621 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BK82S UT WOS:000073537100020 ER PT B AU Sanchez, RO Archer, WE Zich, JL AF Sanchez, RO Archer, WE Zich, JL GP IEEE IEEE TI Application & testing of high temperature materials for solenoid coils SO PROCEEDINGS: ELECTRICAL INSULATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING & COIL WINDING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrical Insulation Conference / Electrical Manufacturing and Coil Winding Conference (EIC/EMCW 97 EXPO) CY SEP 22-25, 1997 CL ROSEMONT, IL SP IEEE, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Elect Mfg & Coil Winding Assoc DE Sandia National Laboratories; Solenoid Coils; Liquid Crystal Polymer; Thermal Barrier Silicone; VI-SIL V-658; High Temperature Encapsulant; Outgassing AB Sandia National Laboratories has designed and proven-in two new Solenoid coils for a highly-reliable electromechanical switch, Mil-Spec Magnetics, Inc., Walnut CA manufactured the coils, The new design utilizes two new materials: Liquid Crystal Polymer (Vectra C130) for the bobbin and Thermal Barrier Silicone (VI-SIL V-658) for the encapsulant. The use of these two new materials solved most of the manufacturing problems inherent in the old Sandia design, The coils are easier to precision wind and more robust for handling, testing, and storage, The coils have some unique weapon related safety requirements, The most severe of these requirements is the 400 degrees C, 1600V test. The coils must not, and did not, produce any outgassing products to affect the voltage breakdown between contacts in the switch at these temperatures and voltages, Actual coils in switches were tested under these conditions, This paper covers the prove-in of this new coil design. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sanchez, RO (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3960-6 PY 1997 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK40F UT WOS:000072059100055 ER PT B AU Gieray, R Wieser, PH Engelhardt, T AF Gieray, R Wieser, PH Engelhardt, T BE Borrell, PM Borrell, P Kelly, K Cvitas, T Seiler, W TI Phase partitioning of aerosol species in cloud SO PROCEEDINGS OF EUROTRAC SYMPOSIUM '96 - TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF POLLUTANTS IN THE TROPOSPHERE, VOL 1: CLOUDS, AEROSOLS, MODELLING AND PHOTO-OXIDANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EUROTRAC Symposium 96 - Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere CY MAR 25-29, 1996 CL GARMISCH PARTENKI, GERMANY SP BMW AG, European Commiss, Ford Res Labs, Marktgemeinde, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Mercedes Benz RP Gieray, R (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS LTD PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON, HANTS, ENGLAND S04 2AA BN 1-85312-496-6 PY 1997 BP 239 EP 243 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH53U UT WOS:A1997BH53U00040 ER PT S AU Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Pareja, R Chen, Y AF Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Pareja, R Chen, Y BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Semiconducting characteristics of lithium-doped MgO crystals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE semiconductor; insulator; electrical conductivity; breakdown ID TRAPPED-HOLE CENTERS; P-TYPE GERMANIUM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN; FIELD;
  • 0; CAO AB A wide band-gap crystal, appropriately doped, is shown to exhibit semiconducting properties. The electrical properties of lithium-doped MgO single crystals at moderate temperatures (373-600 K) are shown to behave like to that of a semiconductor at low temperatures: When a de voltage was applied, negative differential resistance, self-excited current oscillations, and filament-driven current were observed. The conductivity increase and the non-linear behavior of the I-V characteristics are described by an impact ionization mechanism. Avalanche breakdown can be produced with low electric fields (similar to 300 V/cm) after one hour. These conditions are much less severe than those required to produce electrical breakdown in MgO crystals at much higher fields and temperatures. We conclude that filamentary semiconducting inclusions containing [Li](0) centers imbedded in the insulator matrix are responsible for the electrical degradation. C1 US DOE, ER 131, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP Ramirez, R (reprint author), UNIV CARLOS III MADRID, DEPT FIS, MADRID, SPAIN. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239-2 BP 41 EP 46 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00010 ER PT S AU Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y AF Monge, MA Pareja, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Positronium hydride defects in thermochemically reduced alkaline-earth oxides SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE positrons; magnesium oxide; calcium oxide; thermochemical reduction; hydride ions; oxygen vacancies ID CAO AB Thermochemical reduction of both hydrogen-doped MgO and CaO single crystals results in large concentrations of hydride (H-) ions. In MgO crystals, positron lifetime and Doppler broadening experiments show that positrons are trapped at H- centers forming positronium hydride molecules [e(+) - H-]. A value of 640 ps is obtained for the lifetime of the PsH states located in an anion vacancy In MgO positrons are also trapped at H2- sites at low temperatures. The H2- ions were induced in the crystals by blue light illumination. The formation of PsH states in CaO could not be conclusively established. C1 US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Monge, MA (reprint author), UNIV CARLOS III MADRID,DEPT FIS,MADRID,SPAIN. OI Monge, Miguel A./0000-0002-0425-6789 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00011 ER PT S AU Weber, WJ Yu, N AF Weber, WJ Yu, N BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI In situ study of the accumulation of ion-beam-induced damage in single crystal 3C silicon carbide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE silicon carbide; ion-beam damage; amorphization; in situ Rutherford; backscattering/channeling AB Single-crystal 3C SiC thin films with [001] orientation have been irradiated with 360 keV Ar+ ions at 175 and 375 K, and the damage accumulation after each incremental fluence has been followed in situ by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling geometry (RBS/C) along the [011] direction using the dual beam facilities within the Ion Beam Materials Laboratory at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The relative disorder along [011] as a function of depth and cumulative dose was determined at each temperature. The critical dose for the relative disorder to reach the random level along [011] was determined to be 0.35 dpa (similar to 17.5 eV/atom) and 0.61 dpa (similar to 30.5 eV/atom) at 175 and 375 K, respectively. The sigmoidal increase in relative disorder with dose was similar at both the surface and at the depth of peak damage, consistent with defect accumulation processes. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87131 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239-2 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00030 ER PT S AU Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Colera, I Chen, Y AF Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Colera, I Chen, Y BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Diffusion of deuterons and protons in alpha-Al2O3 crystals enhanced by an electric field SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE diffusion; hydrogen isotopes; electric field; infrared absorption ID MGO CRYSTALS; RUTILE TIO2; HYDROGEN; AL2O3 AB Infrared absorption measurements of OD- and OH- ions were used to study diffusion rates of deuterons and protons in alpha-Al2O3 crystals. The threshold temperature for in-diffusion of deuterons was found to be 1273 K. The diffusion coefficient at 1323 K along the crystallographic c-axis was 8x10(-8) cm(2)/s, and the activation energy was similar to 5 eV. The mechanism involves primarily replacement of protons by deuterons. Application of a moderate electric field enhances the diffusion of deuterons and the threshold temperature lowers to 1200 K. In addition, deuterons can be introduced without replacing protons. Luminescence experiments suggest that the charge compensator which permits the incorporation of the positively charged deuterons are Ti3+ ions. C1 US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Ramirez, R (reprint author), UNIV CARLOS III MADRID,DEPT FIS,MADRID,LEGANES,SPAIN. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00086 ER PT S AU Mungan, CE Buchwald, MI Edwards, BC Epstein, RI Gosnell, TR AF Mungan, CE Buchwald, MI Edwards, BC Epstein, RI Gosnell, TR BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Spectroscopic determination of the expected optical cooling of ytterbium-doped glass SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE laser cooling; absorption; fluorescence; rare earth ions; fluoride glasses AB The absorption and fluorescence spectra of ZBLANP + 1 wt% Yb3+ are measured from 2 to 300 K. From these data, the laser cooling powers at anti-Stokes pump wavelengths can be calculated. In the absence of nonradiative heating, a short, unshielded sample of this glass is predicted to cool with an efficiency of 0.2% at RT relative to the single-pass incident optical power at a wavelength of 1015 nm. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00111 ER PT S AU Trukhin, A Boatner, LA AF Trukhin, A Boatner, LA BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Electronic structure of ScPO4 single crystals: Optical and photoelectric properties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE self-trapped excitons; luminescence; oxide crystals; electronic structure AB Initial investigations of the intrinsic optical properties of ScPO4 have been carried out in which detailed luminescence spectra were observed. An optical gap of 7 eV was determined that depended on temperature according to the Urbach-Toyozawa rule. The band gap is equal to 7.2 eV, and in the narrow range between the optical and band gaps, excitons are created by light. The self-trapped exciton (STE) luminescence band at 5.6 eV can be excited at energies of 7 eV and higher. This luminescence is strongly polarized (P = 70%) along the optical axes of the crystal, and the luminescence-decay time constant (tau) is about 1 ms near 4.2 K. The decay kinetics exhibit two ranges in which tau decreases strongly with increasing temperature: a low-temperature range associated with the zero-field splitting of the STE triplet states and a second region where decreases in both tau and P arise from reorientations of the STE. The thermal-quenching energy of the STE luminescence is 0.22 eV with a rate of 5 x 10(5), and the reorientation activation energy is 0.02 eV with a rate of only 200. A detailed study of the ScPO4 luminescence bands and the development of a model for the STE are presently being carried out. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Trukhin, A (reprint author), LATVIAN STATE UNIV,INST SOLID STATE PHYS,8 KENGARAGA ST,LV-1063 RIGA,LATVIA. RI Trukhin, Anatoly/H-6265-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 573 EP 576 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00124 ER PT S AU Yan, Q Meyer, FW AF Yan, Q Meyer, FW BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Projectile neutralization during grazing interactions of multicharged ions with LiF(100) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE electron transfer; surface states; alkali halides; image acceleration; multicharged ion ID SURFACE; SCATTERING; ATOMS; FRONT AB Measurements are reported of scattered neutral fractions for Na, K, and Cs multicharged ions, and of scattered negative ion fractions for incident O, F, and B projectiles grazingly incident on LIF(100) as function of velocity. The possibility of the involvement in the projectile neutralization of occupied surface states within the band gap of the LIF target is considered. A model treatment of the projectile charge fraction velocity dependence is utilized to deduce from the experimental data a work function and Fermi energy of 3.8 eV and 0.8 eV, respectively, for this surface band. Measurements of the parallel velocity dependence of the image charge acceleration of Ne6+ grazingly incident on LiF(100) in the range 0.1 - 0.52 a.u. are shown to provide further support for the presence of a band of surface states having the above parameters. RP Yan, Q (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 629 EP 632 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00136 ER PT S AU Ueda, A Mu, R Tung, YS Henderson, DO White, CW Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG Wang, PW AF Ueda, A Mu, R Tung, YS Henderson, DO White, CW Zuhr, RA Zhu, JG Wang, PW BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Annealing effects on the surface plasmon of MgO implanted with gold SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE ion implantation; surface plasmon; gold colloids; MgO AB Gold ion implantation was carried out with the energy of 1.1 MeV into (100) oriented MgO single crystal. Implanted doses are 1, 3, 6, 10 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). The gold irradiation results in the formation of gold ion implanted layer with a thickness of 0.2 mu m and defect formation. In order to form gold colloids from the as-implanted samples, we annealed the gold implanted MgO samples in three kinds of atmospheres: (1)Ar only, (2)H-2 and Ar, and (3)O-2 and Ar. The annealing over 1200 degrees C enhanced the gold colloid formation which shows surface plasmon resonance band of gold. The surface plasmon bands of samples annealed in three kinds of atmospheres were found to be at 535 nm (Ar only), 524 (H-2 + Ar), and 560 nm (O-2 + Ar). The band positions of surface plasmon can be reversibly changed by an additional annealing. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,EL PASO,TX 79968. RP Ueda, A (reprint author), FISK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PHYS CHEM LAB,NASHVILLE,TN 37208, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 675 EP 678 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00146 ER PT S AU Tung, YS Henderson, DO Chen, J Gu, Z Ueda, A Mu, R White, CW Zhu, JG Zuhr, R AF Tung, YS Henderson, DO Chen, J Gu, Z Ueda, A Mu, R White, CW Zhu, JG Zuhr, R BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Gold ion irradiated muscovite mica: Infrared and optical properties of defects and metal nanocrystals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE muscovite mica; ion implantation; gold colloids; infrared; ion beam damage ID FLUORINE MICAS AB Four different ion doses (1, 3, 6 and 10x10(16) ions/cm(2)) of gold were implanted into {001} muscovite mica. Both optical and AFM measurements suggest the formation of gold nanocrystals. Structural damage of the Au implanted mica is examined via vibrational spectroscopy. The intensity and frequency changes in both the TO and LO modes in the infrared spectra indicate that the silicate layers of the mica have been ruptured by ion beam. RES study shows that the K+ ions between the silicate layers have been moved inward to the bulk. Thermal annealing did not relax most of the structural damage. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Tung, YS (reprint author), FISK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PHYS CHEM LAB,NASHVILLE,TN 37208, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 691 EP 694 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00150 ER PT S AU Henderson, DO Tung, YS Mu, R Ueda, A Chen, J Gu, Z White, CW Zhu, JG McKay, M Scott, O AF Henderson, DO Tung, YS Mu, R Ueda, A Chen, J Gu, Z White, CW Zhu, JG McKay, M Scott, O BE Matthews, GE Williams, RT TI Gold implanted calcium fluoride single crystals: Optical properties of ion induced defects and metal nanocrystals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEFECTS IN INSULATING MATERIALS - ICDIM 96 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials (ICDIM 96) CY JUL 15-19, 1996 CL WAKE FOREST UNIV, WINSTON SALEM, NC SP AMP Inc, Hughes Res Labs, Int Sci Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Newport, Wake Forest Univ HO WAKE FOREST UNIV DE nanocrystals; ion implantation; surface plasmon resonance ID COLLOIDS AB Calcium fluoride single crystals cut < 111 > were implanted with gold at doses of 1 x 10(16), 6 x 10(16) and 1 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) at an energy of 1.1 MeV. The samples were annealed at 500 degrees C in a reducing atmosphere. Infrared and UV-Vis spectra were recorded before and after annealing the samples. The UV-Vis spectra for 1 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) as-implanted sample shows a peak 2.38 eV that increases in intensity after annealing and is assigned to the surface plasma absorption of gold nanocrystals. The same peak is observed for the other samples after annealing, but it appears with lower intensity. Increasing absorption at energies greater than 2.38 eV are observed for the as-implanted samples. It is suggested some of the intensity is due to Rayleigh scattering and by absorption of ultrasmall gold clusters as well as defects introduced during ion implantation. The intensity of the infrared reflectance spectra clearly shows an ion-dose dependence that is manifest in the decreased reflectivity of the transverse optical phonon as the ion dose increases. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,EL PASO,TX 79968. SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70813. RP Henderson, DO (reprint author), FISK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHEM PHYS LAB,NASHVILLE,TN 37208, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-756-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 239- BP 695 EP 698 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH33W UT WOS:A1997BH33W00151 ER PT B AU Bir, GS Butterfield, CPS AF Bir, GS Butterfield, CPS GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Modal dynamics of a next-generation flexible-rotor soft-tower wind turbine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This paper examines the coupled rotor-tower modes of a wind turbine over a wide rotor speed range. Since modes of the individual rotor blades vary with their azimuth positions, a multi-blade coordinate transformation is used to transform the blade modes to azimuth-independent rotor modes. The resulting rotor modes are physically meaningful and show interesting couplings with the tower modes; these couplings vary significantly with rotor speed due to a complex interplay of centrifugal, gyroscopic, and elastic forces. The coupled modes are extracted using a modal processor developed at NREL that post-processes the response data generated by a turbine simulation code. The processor offers a novel feature of isolating modes that become locked at a single frequency. Results indicate that over a specific rotor speed range, the rotor regressive in-plane mode and the tower lateral mode coalesce, resulting in a self-excited instability. RP Bir, GS (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00013 ER PT B AU Farrar, CR Doebling, SW Cornwell, PJ Straser, EG AF Farrar, CR Doebling, SW Cornwell, PJ Straser, EG GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Variability of modal parameters measured on the Alamosa Canyon bridge SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB A significant amount of work has been reported in technical literature regarding the use of changes in modal parameters to identify the location and extent of damage in structures. Curiously absent, and critically important to the practical implementation of this work, is an accurate characterization of the natural variability of these modal parameters caused by effects other than damage. To examine this issue, a two-lane, seven-span, composite slab-on-girder bridge near the town of Truth or Consequences in southern New Mexico was tested several times over a period of nine months. Environmental effects common to this location that could potentially produce changes in the measured modal properties include changes in temperature, high winds, and changes to the supporting soil medium. In addition to environmental effects, variabilities in modal testing procedures and data reduction can also cause changes in the identified dynamic properties of the structure. In this paper the natural variability of the frequencies and mode shapes of the Alamosa Canyon bridge that result from changes in time of day when the test was performed, amount of traffic, and environmental conditions will be discussed. Because this bridge has not been in active use throughout the testing period, it is assumed that any change in the observed modal properties are the result of the factors listed above rather than deterioration of the structure itself. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENGIN ANAL GRP ESA EA,MS P946,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 257 EP 263 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00038 ER PT B AU Doebling, SW Farrar, CR Cornwell, P AF Doebling, SW Farrar, CR Cornwell, P GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI A statistical comparison of impact and ambient testing results from the Alamosa Canyon bridge SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB In this paper, the modal properties of the Alamosa Canyon Bridge obtained using ambient data are compared to those obtained from impact hammer vibration tests. Using ambient sources of excitation to determine the modal characteristics of large civil engineering structures is desirable for several reasons. The forced vibration testing of such structures generally requires a large amount of specialized equipment and trained personnel making the tests quite expensive. Also, an automated health monitoring system for a large civil structure will most likely use ambient excitation. A modal identification procedure based on a statistical Monte Carlo analysis using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm is used to compute the modal parameters and their statistics. The results show that for most of the measured modes, the differences between the modal frequencies of the ambient and hammer data sets are statistically significant. However, the differences between the corresponding damping ratio results are not statistically significant. Also, one of the modes identified from the hammer test data was not identifiable from the ambient data set. RP Doebling, SW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENGN ANAL GRP ESA EA,ENGN SCI & APPLICAT DIV,M-S P946,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 264 EP 270 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00039 ER PT B AU Hunter, NF Barney, P Ferregut, C Perez, L Paez, TL AF Hunter, NF Barney, P Ferregut, C Perez, L Paez, TL GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Statistical validation of stochastic models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB It is common practice in structural dynamics to develop mathematical models for system behavior, and we are now capable of developing stochastic models, i.e., models whose parameters are random variables. Such models have random characteristics that are meant to simulate the randomness in characteristics of experimentally observed systems. This paper suggests a formal statistical procedure for the validation of mathematical models of stochastic systems when data taken during operation of the stochastic system are available. The statistical characteristics of the experimental system are obtained using the bootstrap, a technique for the statistical analysis of non-Gaussian data. We propose a procedure to determine whether or not a mathematical model is an acceptable model of a stochastic system with regard to user-specified measures of system behavior. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the application of the technique. RP Hunter, NF (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENGN SCI & ANAL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 605 EP 611 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00088 ER PT B AU Barney, P Redmond, J Smith, D AF Barney, P Redmond, J Smith, D GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Characteristics of self-sensing actuation for active control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB The benefits of a collocated sensor actuator pair are well known within the controls community. Generally speaking, collocation offers the use of simple control algorithms with reduced instabilities due to spillover. One method for achieving collocation is the implementation of a ''sentuator'' in which a piezoelectric element functions simultaneously as both a sensor and an actuator. Past work in utilizing a sentuator has primarily been limited to piezoelectric films and patches mounted to flexible structures. Additional papers have provided information and methodology for dealing with the non-linear aspects of a piezoceramic sentuator. The need arises for methods of self-sensing when performing active vibration control of very stiff structures. A method for understanding and using self-sensing lead zirconate titanate stacks for active vibration control is presented. This paper specifically provides a basic understanding of self-sensing methods as applied to stiff structures for the purposes of control. The discussion of the methodology is followed by a simple example in which active vibration control is applied to a model of a boring bar with embedded PZT stacks. RP Barney, P (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,EXPT STRUCT DYNAM DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0557,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 739 EP 744 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00108 ER PT B AU Allgood, GO VanHoy, BW Ayers, CW AF Allgood, GO VanHoy, BW Ayers, CW GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Detection of gear wear on the 757/767 internal drive generator using higher order spectral analysis and wavelets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB The 757/767 internal drive generator (IDG), which provides 400 Hz/120 volt ac power to the aircraft cabin, experiences failures due to seizure of the scavenger drive pump and/or axial gears on the main drive shaft of the unit. These generators are an integral part of the aircraft's engines sitting outboard, inside the engine cowling. The seizure of gears represents a significant loss with gear replacement estimated at $17,000 and unit replacement costs at $250,000. One of the U.S. commercial airline companies engaged Oak Ridge National Laboratory in a brief study to determine if a methodology could be developed to interrogate and diagnose gear wear with the ultimate goal of deploying an instrument for test stand and flight line use. Through a structured analysis it was determined that accelerometers mapped with higher order spectral analysis (HOSA) and/or wavelets could provide an analytic approach and basis for a diagnostic sensor/system capable of assessing IDG gear wear on the aircraft or the test stand. RP Allgood, GO (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY RES CORP,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 758 EP 764 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00111 ER PT B AU Mayes, RL AF Mayes, RL GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI A tool to identify parameter errors in finite element models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB A popular method for updating finite element models with modal test data utilizes optimization of the model based on design sensitivities. The attractive feature of this technique is that it allows some estimate and update of the physical parameters affecting the hardware dynamics. Two difficulties are knowing which physical parameters are important and which of those important parameters are in error. If this is known, the updating process is simply running through the mechanics of the Most models of real systems have a myriad of This paper discusses an implementation of a tool which uses the model and test data together to discover which parameters are most important and most in error. Some insight about the validity of the model form may also be obtained. Experience gained from applications to complex models will be shared. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,EXPT STRUCT DYNAM DEPT,POB 5800 MS0557,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 825 EP 831 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00121 ER PT B AU Doebling, SW Farrar, CR Goodman, RS AF Doebling, SW Farrar, CR Goodman, RS GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Effects of measurement statistics on the detection of damage in the Alamosa Canyon Bridge SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This paper presents a comparison of the statistics on the measured modal parameters of a bridge structure to the expected changes in those parameters caused by damage. It is then determined if the changes resulting from damage are statistically significant. This paper considers the most commonly used modal parameters for indication of damage: modal frequency, mode shape, and mode shape curvature. The approach is divided into two steps: First, the relative uncertainties (arising from random error sources) of the measured modal frequencies, mode shapes, and mode shape curvatures are determined by Monte Carlo analysis of the measured data. Based on these uncertainties, 95% statistical confidence bounds are computed for these parameters. The second step is the determination of the measured change in these parameters resulting from structural damage. Changes which are outside the 95% bounds are considered to be statistically significant. It is proposed that this statistical significance can be used to selectively filter which modes are used for damage identification. The primary conclusion of the paper is that the selection of the appropriate parameters to use in the damage identification algorithm must take into account not only the sensitivity of the damage indicator to the structural deterioration, but also the uncertainty inherent in the measurement of the parameters used to compute the indicator. RP Doebling, SW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENGN SCI & APPLICAT DIV,ENGN ANAL GRP,M-S P946,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 919 EP 929 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00136 ER PT B AU Swensen, EA Barron, AA Farrar, CR Cornwell, P AF Swensen, EA Barron, AA Farrar, CR Cornwell, P GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Random vibration sensitivity studies of modeling uncertainties in the NIF structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB The National Ignition Facility is a laser fusion project that will provide an above-ground experimental capability for nuclear weapons effects simulation. This facility will achieve fusion ignition utilizing solid-state lasers as the energy driver. The facility will cover an estimated 33,400 m(2) at an average height of 5-6 stories. Within this complex, a number of beam transport structures will be housed that will deliver the laser beams to the target area within a 50 mu m rms radius of the target center The beam transport structures are approximately 23 m long and reach approximate heights of 2-3 stories. Low-level ambient random vibrations are one of the primary concerns currently controlling the design of these structures. Low level ambient vibrations, 10(-10) g(2)/Hz over a frequency range of 1 to 200 Hz, are assumed to be present during all facility operations. Each structure described in this paper will be required to achieve and maintain 0.6 mu rad rms laser beam pointing stability for a minimum of 2 hours under these vibration levels. To date, finite element (FE) analysis has been performed on a number of the beam transport structures. Certain assumptions have to be made regarding structural uncertainties in the FE models. These uncertainties consist of damping values for concrete and steel, compliance within bolted and welded joints, and assumptions regarding the phase coherence of ground motion components. In this paper, the influence of these structural uncertainties on the predicted pointing stability of the beam line transport structures as determined by random vibration analysis will be discussed. RP Swensen, EA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DESIGN ENGN GRP,ESA DE,MS H821,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 1172 EP 1180 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00171 ER PT B AU Field, RV Hurtado, JE Carne, TG Dohrmann, CR AF Field, RV Hurtado, JE Carne, TG Dohrmann, CR GP SOC EXPTL MECH TI Structural dynamics modeling and testing of the department of energy tractor/trailer combination SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE - IMAC, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Modal Analysis Conference - Current Horizon for Structural Damage Detection (IMAC) CY FEB 03-06, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This study presents a combined analytical and experimental effort to characterize and improve the ride quality of the Department Of Energy tractor/trailer combination. The focus is to augment the experimental test results with the use of a high qualify computer model. The discussion includes an overview of the finite element model of the vehicle and experimental modal test results. System identification techniques are employed to update the mathematical model. The validated model is then used to illustrate the benefits of incorporating two major design changes, namely the switch from a separate cab/sleeper configuration to an integrated cab, and the use of a cab suspension system. RP Field, RV (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,STRUCT DYNAM & VIBRAT CONTROL,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Field, Richard/K-6468-2013 OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-912053-53-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3089 BP 1994 EP 2000 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BH25Y UT WOS:A1997BH25Y00290 ER PT B AU Hollerbach, K Ashby, AE Logan, C Martz, H Bossart, PL Rikard, D AF Hollerbach, K Ashby, AE Logan, C Martz, H Bossart, PL Rikard, D BE Boom, H Robinson, C Rutten, W Neuman, M Wijkstra, H TI High resolution hand dataset for joint modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 18, PTS 1-5 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-amd-Biology-Society CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc AB A cadaver hand/wrist was CT scanned with an industrial system to give a high resolution data set for finite element modeling of stresses and kinematics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hollerbach, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3812-X J9 P IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 18 BP 676 EP 677 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BK41A UT WOS:000072079000331 ER PT B AU Levy, AV Alexoff, D Hode, F Denis, M Bertollo, D Dhawan, AP Logan, J Andrews, B Volkow, ND AF Levy, AV Alexoff, D Hode, F Denis, M Bertollo, D Dhawan, AP Logan, J Andrews, B Volkow, ND BE Boom, H Robinson, C Rutten, W Neuman, M Wijkstra, H TI The galaxy method for the 3-D spatial registration of PET images to Talairach brain atlas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 18, PTS 1-5 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-amd-Biology-Society CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1996 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc AB Human brain function is studied by averaging many PET images in order to enhance the signal to noise ratio of weak group-specific patterns caused by medication, illness, or functional activation. Present registration methods by Woods and Friston,(SPM), compute 3 translations and 3 rotations to register each PET image to a reference anatomical atlas using a 6 degree of freedom optimization method. By using only a 2 degree of freedom optimization method, the present method decreases tbe computing time down to 70 sec in a SUN Sparc2 CPU; this is a speed increment by a factor of 3 to 15 times over previous methods. Experimental results for 24 FDG-PET images also indicate that the present method improves the accuracy of the registration to a mean error of 0.48 mm and a maximum error of 2.47 mm. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Levy, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3812-X J9 P IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 18 BP 850 EP 851 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BK41A UT WOS:000072079000414 ER PT S AU Field, RV Bergman, LA AF Field, RV Bergman, LA GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Reliability-based covariance control design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB An extension to classical covariance control methods, introduced by Skelton and co-workers, is proposed specifically for application to the control of civil engineering structures subjected to random dynamic excitations. The covariance structure of the system is developed directly from specification of its reliability via the assumption of independent (Poisson) outcrossings of its stationary response process from a polyhedral safe region. This leads to a set of state covariance controllers, each of which guarantees that the closed-loop system will possess the specified level of reliability. An example civil engineering structure is considered. RP Field, RV (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,STRUCT DYNAM & VIBRAT CONTROL DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00003 ER PT S AU Nikravesh, M Soroush, M Johnston, RM AF Nikravesh, M Soroush, M Johnston, RM GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Nonlinear control of an oil well SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB Recent studies of waterflood and steamdrive in petroleum reservoirs have revealed that unwanted extension of hydrofractures is caused primarily by aggressive actions taken by conventional PI or PID controllers during injector start-up, or by operating near hydrofracturing pressure. The extension has resulted in reservoir damage and irreversible lost oil production. To address the inadequacy of the conventional controllers, neural network model-based control of petroleum reservoirs under water and steam injections has been studied. In this paper, we consider CalResources Phase III steam injection pilot in the South Belridge field of California. For each injector in this pilot, a neural network model is identified by using historical data on injection-fluid flow rate, well-head pressure, depth to the top of perforation, and the length of perforated interval. Differential geometric well-head pressure controllers are synthesized by using the neural network models. The satisfactory performance of the neural network model-based controllers is demonstrated, via numerical simulations. RP Nikravesh, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00157 ER PT S AU Spooner, JT Passino, KM AF Spooner, JT Passino, KM GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Adaptive prediction using fuzzy systems and neural networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A collection of adaptive prediction schemes which use the functional approximation properties of fuzzy systems is presented. Both direct and indirect approaches are developed using gradient and least squares update laws. It is proven that the prediction error converges asymptotically to zero for each case provided some minor assumptions hold. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CONTROL SUBSYST DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0503,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1266 EP 1270 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00272 ER PT S AU Feddema, J Dohrmann, C Parker, G Robinett, R Romero, V Schmitt, D AF Feddema, J Dohrmann, C Parker, G Robinett, R Romero, V Schmitt, D GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI A comparison of maneuver optimization and input shaping filters for robotically controlled slosh-free motion of an open container of liquid SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB This paper compares the performance of two command shaping techniques for controlling the surface of a liquid in an open container as it is being carried by a robot arm. Both methods make use of the fundamental mode of oscillation and damping of the liquid in the container as predicted from a boundary element model of the fluid. The first technique plans an acceleration profile so that the liquid remains level except for a single wave at the beginning and end of the motion. The motion of the liquid is similar to that of a simple pendulum. The second technique removes the remaining two surface oscillations by tilting the container parallel to the beginning and ending wave. A double pendulum model is used to determine the trajectory for this motion. Experimental results of a FANUC S-800 robot moving a 230 mm diameter hemispherical container of water are presented. RP Feddema, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS 1003,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1345 EP 1349 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00288 ER PT S AU Spooner, JT Ordonez, R Passino, KM AF Spooner, JT Ordonez, R Passino, KM GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Direct adaptive fuzzy control for a class of discrete-time systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A direct adaptive control scheme is presented for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. The control scheme is based on an on-line functional approximation approach which modifies a standard or Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control system. A modified version of the standard Key Technical Lemma which allows for adaptive systems with dead zones is used to guarantee asymptotic convergence of the tracking error to an epsilon-neighborhood of zero. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CONTROL SUBSYST DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0503,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 1814 EP 1818 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00387 ER PT S AU Spooner, JT Passino, KM AF Spooner, JT Passino, KM GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Direct adaptive fuzzy control for a class of decentralized systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A stable direct adaptive fuzzy controller is presented for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems. The feedback and adaptation mechanisms for each subsystem depend only upon local measurements to provide asymptotic tracking of a reference trajectory. Due to the functional approximation capabilities of fuzzy systems, the dynamics for each subsystem are not required to be linear in a set of unknown coefficients as is typically required in decentralized adaptive schemes. In addition, each subsystem is able to adaptively compensate for disturbances and interconnections with unknown bounds. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CONTROL SUBSYST DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0503,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 2863 EP 2867 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00614 ER PT S AU Spooner, JT Passino, KM AF Spooner, JT Passino, KM GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Inirect adaptive fuzzy control for a class of decentralized systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A stable indirect adaptive fuzzy controller is presented for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems. The feedback and adaptation mechanisms for each subsystem depend only upon local measurements to provide asymptotic tracking of a reference trajectory. Due to the functional approximation capabilities of fuzzy systems, the dynamics for each subsystem are not required to be linear in a set of unknown coefficients as is typically required in decentralized adaptive schemes. In addition, each subsystem is able to adaptively compensate for disturbances and interconnections with unknown bounds. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CONTROL SUBSYST DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0503,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 3306 EP 3310 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00709 ER PT S AU Spooner, JT Ordonez, R Passino, KM AF Spooner, JT Ordonez, R Passino, KM GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI Indirect adaptive fuzzy control for a class of discrete-time systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB An indirect adaptive control scheme is presented for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. The control scheme is based on an on-line functional approximation approach which modifies a standard or Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control system. A modified version of the standard Key Technical Lemma which allows for adaptive systems with dead zones is used to guarantee asymptotic convergence of the tracking error to an epsilon-neighborhood of zero. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CONTROL SUBSYST DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0503,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 3311 EP 3315 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00710 ER PT S AU Spooner, JT AF Spooner, JT GP AMER AUTOMAT CONTROL COUNCIL TI High speed adaptive fuzzy control with quantized errors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American Control Conference CY JUN 04-06, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Automat Control Council, Int Federat Automat Control AB A quantized error adaptive fuzzy control scheme is presented for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. a quantized error adaptive scheme may be used to improve the update algorithm execution time by reducing the number of required multiplications. In this paper, it is proven that on average the tracking error will be confined to an epsilon-neighborhood of zero whose size is dependent upon the quantization function. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CONTROL SUBSYST DEPT,POB 5800,MS 0503,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-3833-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 1997 BP 3736 EP 3740 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BJ29B UT WOS:A1997BJ29B00802 ER PT B AU Walker, HA Taylor, PE Hayter, SJ Maytum, M Christensen, J Coonen, S Rever, WB Vanderhoff, S AF Walker, HA Taylor, PE Hayter, SJ Maytum, M Christensen, J Coonen, S Rever, WB Vanderhoff, S BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Building Integrated Photovoltaic system the Thoreau Center for Sustainability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American-Solar-Energy-Society Annual Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE AB Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) power systems perform multiple functions in buildings. These systems produce electricity and serve as part of the building envelope. A wide variety of BIPV systems are available in the marketplace today. For example, there are BIPV facade systems including: curtain wall products, spandrel panels and glazings. And there are BIPV roofing systems including: tiles, shingles, standing seam products and skylights. Activities of the US Department of Energy (US DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) are directed at providing technical assistance and alternative financing assistance to Federal agencies, so that agencies can meet the energy efficiency and renewable energy goals set by Executive Order 12902. FEMP works directly with personnel in Federal agencies, in order to incorporate energy efficient and renewable energy technologies in Federal facilities. FEMP also assists in developing the mechanisms to finance these projects though energy service performance contracts (ESPCs), utility incentive programs and other innovative funding strategies. The BIPV system at the Thoreau Center for Sustainability is an example Of where the various services provided by FEMP were brought together for one project. RP Walker, HA (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-169-0 PY 1997 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ39P UT WOS:A1997BJ39P00005 ER PT B AU Wiser, R Pickle, S Goldman, C AF Wiser, R Pickle, S Goldman, C BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Designing renewable energy policies within California's electricity restructuring process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American-Solar-Energy-Society Annual Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE AB Electricity restructuring may have both positive and negative impacts on the development of renewable energy. California's recent experience with renewabies policy, both at the regulatory and legislative levels, illustrates many of the issues that arise when translating general goals of supporting renewables to specific mechanisms that are workable in a restructured electricity industry. A number of the same policy options, design issues, and political conflicts that arose in California are likely to recur in other states; California's experience therefore provides a number of important lessons. In California, debate has centered on two key policy options: a minimum renewables purchase requirement (also called a renewables portfolio standard) and a distribution surcharge-funded program. Despite important differences in these policy approaches, both will encounter a similar set of implementation issues. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 90-4000,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-169-0 PY 1997 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ39P UT WOS:A1997BJ39P00031 ER PT B AU Wiser, R Pickle, S AF Wiser, R Pickle, S BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI The impact of financing on renewable energy costs: Implications for renewables policy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American-Solar-Energy-Society Annual Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE AB In this paper we describe the power plant financing process, estimate the impact of financing terms on renewable energy costs, and provide insights to policymakers on the important nexus between renewables policy design and financing. We review a number of past and current renewable energy policies. We find that policies that do not provide long-term stability or that have negative secondary impacts on investment decisions will increase financing costs, sometimes dramatically reducing the effectiveness of the program. Within a restructured electric industry, it is critical for policymakers to consider the impacts of renewables policy design on financing. We therefore identify several key issues that must be addressed in the design of distribution surcharge-based policies, minimum renewables purchase requirements, and green marketing programs. We also briefly mention several policies that can directly reduce financing casts and barriers. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 90-4000,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-169-0 PY 1997 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ39P UT WOS:A1997BJ39P00033 ER PT B AU Wallace, WL Tsuo, YS AF Wallace, WL Tsuo, YS BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Photovoltaics for rural electrification in the People's Republic of China SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American-Solar-Energy-Society Annual Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE AB Rapid growth in economic development coupled with the absence of an electric grid in large areas of the rural countryside have created a need for new energy sources both in urban centers and rural areas in China. The most critical need for rural electrification exists in northern and western China, where 120 million rural people have no access to grid electricity, and in over 300 coastal islands that are unelectrified. The availability of solar and wind resources tends to correlate highest with those regions of China where the population density is low and grid extension is too costly and impractical to reach the rural population. In February, 1995, the U.S. Department of Energy signed an Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Protocol Agreement with the Chinese State Science and Technology Commission in Beijing, China. Under this agreement, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is providing assistance to several central government and provincial government agencies in China to develop photovoltaic and photovoltaic hybrid systems for rural electrification. RP Wallace, WL (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-169-0 PY 1997 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ39P UT WOS:A1997BJ39P00039 ER PT B AU Milligan, M Parsons, B AF Milligan, M Parsons, B BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI A comparison and case study of capacity credit algorithms for intermittent generators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American-Solar-Energy-Society Annual Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE AB As the electric utility industry moves toward a new structure, the responsibility of providing a reliable portfolio of generating resources may be shifted among the various entities in the industry. To evaluate whether to undertake a construction project for new generating resources, utilities have traditionally used sophisticated models to assist in the comparison of alternative resources. It is not clear how this type of evaluation will be carried out after the restructuring dust has settled. What is clear, however, is that the market will require some way to measure capacity credit of new power plants, and future contracts will contain provisions under which buyer and seller must agree on capacity measures. This paper compares the traditional capacity credit calculations with algorithms that are not nearly so labor intensive. RP Milligan, M (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,NATL WIND TECHNOL CTR,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-169-0 PY 1997 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ39P UT WOS:A1997BJ39P00054 ER PT B AU Marnay, C Richey, RC Mahler, SA Markel, RJ AF Marnay, C Richey, RC Mahler, SA Markel, RJ BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Estimating the environmental and economic effects of widespread residential PV adoption using GIS and NEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 American-Solar-Energy-Society Annual Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, US DOE AB This paper describes a study of the national effects of widespread adoption of grid-connected residential roof-top photovoltaic (PV) systems. A Geographic Information System (GIS) model is used to estimate potential PV system adoption and PV electricity generation and the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is used to estimate the national effects of PV electricity generation. Adoption is assumed to occur if levelized PV system cost is less than the local average retail electricity rate at a county-level. Our estimate of the current ''best'' scenario (defined by a 6.5% real interest rate, 30 year loan life, 6 $(1994)/W system cost, and 4 $(1994)/month voluntary premium) results in no adoption. We model several scenarios designed to stimulate PV adoption. As an example, if PV system costs are instead assumed to be 3 $(1994)/W, roof-top systems are found to be cost effective in 16% of detached single-family households in the US. By 2015 (assuming full adoption of 4 kW systems), this results in 82.1 TWh of annual PV electricity generation, 170 TWh of avoided electricity transmission, distribution, and generation (TD&G) losses, 6 Mt/a of avoided carbon emissions, 50 kt/a of avoided NOx emissions, and 27.3 GW of avoided electricity generating capacity in place. RP Marnay, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENERGY ANAL PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-169-0 PY 1997 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ39P UT WOS:A1997BJ39P00055 ER PT B AU Martin, SJ Butler, MA Spates, JJ Schubert, WK Mitchell, MA AF Martin, SJ Butler, MA Spates, JJ Schubert, WK Mitchell, MA GP IEEE TI Magnetically-excited flexural plate wave resonator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 28-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USA CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ, US AB A flexural plate wave (FPW) resonator was constructed by patterning current lines on a silicon nitride membrane suspended on a rectangular silicon frame. Eigenmodes of the rectangular membrane were excited using Lorentz forces generated between alternating surface currents and a static in-plane magnetic field. The magnetic field strength required for these devices can be achieved with small permanent magnets (approximate to 1 cm(3)). Preferential coupling to a particular membrane mode was achieved by positioning current lines along longitudinal mode antinodes. An equivalent-circuit model was derived that characterizes the input impedance of a one-port device and the transmission response of a two-port device over a range of frequencies near a single membrane resonance. Experiments were performed to characterize the effects of varying magnetic field, ambient gas, gas pressure, and input power. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of a resonant FPW device. RP Martin, SJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MICROSENSOR RES & DEV DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3729-8 PY 1997 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1997.638516 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96F UT WOS:A1997BJ96F00004 ER PT B AU Riker, GM Czanderna, AW AF Riker, GM Czanderna, AW GP IEEE TI Water vapor adsorption isotherms on self-assembled monolayers using a quartz crystal microbalance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 28-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USA CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ, US AB The purposes of the paper are to discuss the uncertainties encountered in determining water vapor adsorption isotherms using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and to present the results of measuring three isotherms on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed with alkanethiols. The isotherms were measured using a vacuum QCM, which has a resolution of about 1 ng/cm(2), corresponding to a minimum surface coverage of about 3%. SAMs were formed at 295 K on gold-coated 6-MHz crystals from 2 to 3 mM solutions of octadecanethiol (ODT, HS(CH2)(17)CH3), methylmercaptohexadecanoate (MMHD, HS(CH2)(15)COOCH3), or mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA, WS(CH2)(15)COOH), which provide surfaces consisting only of the organic functional groups of CH3, COOCH3, and COOH, respectively. Alkanethiols form a thiolate bond to the gold via the HS group on each molecule. After mounting the crystals on the QCM holders and evacuating at 293 K, the water isotherms were obtained at 295 K by admitting water incrementally in 2-torr steps from very high vacuum up to 16 torr and then decrementally in 2-torr steps until very high vacuum was again attained. Mass changes were monitored Int each run with five different QCMs of the same type of SAM. The uptakes only range from 10 ng to 50 ng at 10 torr and from 30 ng to 160 ng at 16 torr; so, statistical approaches were necessary to reduce the uncertainty in the measurements, which are close to hire detectability limits of the QCMs, especially for the ODT. To achieve the detectability limits, the components replaced and corrections made to the data are discussed, The isotherms on all three SAMs are Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Type 2 with c values of 2 to 10 and heats of adsorption of 11.3 to 11.7 kcal/mole, as determined from BET plots of the data. As expected, the water vapor uptakes at any pressure on the end-groups are in the order COOH>COOCH3 much greater than CH3. RP Riker, GM (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,MAIL STOP 3214,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3729-8 PY 1997 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1997.638522 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96F UT WOS:A1997BJ96F00009 ER PT B AU Cernosek, RW Martin, SJ Hillman, AR Bandey, HL AF Cernosek, RW Martin, SJ Hillman, AR Bandey, HL GP IEEE TI Comparison of lumped-element and transmission-line models for thickness-shear-mode quartz resonator sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 28-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USA CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ, US AB Both a transmission-line model and its simpler variant, a lumped-element model, can be used to predict the responses of a thickness-shear-mode quartz resonator sensor. Relative deviations in the parameters computed by the two models (shifts in resonant frequency and motional resistance) do not exceed 3% for most practical sensor configurations operating at the fundamental resonance. If the ratio of the load surface mechanical impedance to the quartz shear characteristic impedance does not exceed 0.1, the lumped-element model always predicts responses within 1% of those for the transmission-line model. RP Cernosek, RW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MICROSENSOR RES & DEV DEPT,POB 5800,MS 1425,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. OI Hillman, Robert/0000-0003-1868-5717 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3729-8 PY 1997 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1997.638526 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96F UT WOS:A1997BJ96F00013 ER PT B AU Sharma, A Pendse, HP AF Sharma, A Pendse, HP GP IEEE TI Ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy of industrial slurries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 28-30, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, USA CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ, US AB Using measurements of attenuation coefficients over a wide frequency range one can obtain particle size distribution (PSD) functions for concentrated colloidal suspensions. This paper deals with experimental aspects of ultrasonic spectroscopy. Recent activity in instrumentation for ultrasonic spectroscopy of emulsions and suspensions is briefly reviewed. The measurement issues related to calculations of attenuation coefficients using tone-burst signals are outlined showing significance of using the variable pathlength mode of operation, broadband transducers, and wide dynamic-range signal processing hardware. Sensitivity analysis of attenuation coefficient spectra in relation to changes in the PSDs is presented. RP Sharma, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D443,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3729-8 PY 1997 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1109/FREQ.1997.638543 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ96F UT WOS:A1997BJ96F00028 ER PT B AU Fitzgerald, TJ AF Fitzgerald, TJ GP IEEE TI Ionospheric effects on synthetic aperture radar at VHF SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 IEEE NATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE National Radar Conference CY MAY 13-15, 1997 CL SYRACUSE, NY SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, IEEE, Syracuse Sect, IEEE, Mohawk Valley Sect AB Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) operated from airplanes have been used at very high frequency (VHF) because of their enhanced foliage and ground penetration compared to radars operated at higher frequencies. A satellite-borne VHF SAR would have considerable utility but in order to operate with high resolution it would have to use both a large relative bandwidth and a large aperture. The presence of the ionosphere in the propagation path of the radar will cause a deterioration of the imaging because of dispersion over the bandwidth. In this paper we present calculations of the effects of a deterministic ionosphere on SAR imaging for a radar operated with a 100 MHz bandwidth centered at 250 MHz and over an angular aperture of 23 degrees. A daytime ionosphere induces a point spread function with an approximate width of 100 m in slant-range compared to the nominal resolution of 1.5 m. RP Fitzgerald, TJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3732-8 J9 RADAR CONF PY 1997 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1109/NRC.1997.588312 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ19U UT WOS:A1997BJ19U00044 ER PT B AU Paxson, V Floyd, S AF Paxson, V Floyd, S BE Andradottir, S Healy, KJ Withers, DH Nelson, BL TI Why we don't know how to simulate the Internet SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC 97) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Simulating how the global Internet data network: behaves is an immensely challenging undertaking because of the network's great heterogeneity and rapid change. The heterogeneity ranges from the individual links that carry the network's traffic, to the protocols that interoperate over the links, to the "mix" of different applications used at a site and the levels of congestion (load) seen on different links. We discuss two key strategies for developing meaningful simulations in the face of these difficulties: searching for invariants and judiciously exploring the simulation parameter space. We finish with a look at a collaborative effort to build a common simulation environment for conducting Internet studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Network Res Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paxson, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Network Res Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4278-X PY 1997 BP 1037 EP 1044 DI 10.1145/268437.268737 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BK18F UT WOS:000071432100148 ER PT S AU Hielscher, AH AF Hielscher, AH GP IEEE IEEE TI Methods in near-infrared photon migration tomography SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 19, PTS 1-6: MAGNIFICENT MILESTONES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth DE tomography; near-infrared; imaging; time-resolved; frequency-resolved; reconstruction ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; FREQUENCY; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION; LIGHT; MEDIA; FLUOROMETER; TISSUE; BRAIN AB The basic methods used in near-infrared photon migration tomography ae reviewed. This includes technical equipment design and reconstruction algorithm. Special emphasize is placed on model-based iterative reconstruction methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hielscher, AH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,CST-4,MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hielsch@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-4262-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 19 BP 658 EP 661 PN 1-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BM91F UT WOS:000080103400190 ER PT S AU Hielscher, AH Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ AF Hielscher, AH Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Biomedical diagnostics with elastic light scattering in cell suspensions and tissues SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOL 19, PTS 1-6: MAGNIFICENT MILESTONES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference of the IEEE Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Natl Inst Hlth DE optical biopsy; light scattering in tissue ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; PHANTOMS; CANCER; MEDIA AB We review the principles and applications of elastically scattered light for noninvasive diagnostic and study of biological tissues and cells. The use of wavelengths from the ultraviolet to near-infrared as well as scattering effects of polarized light are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hielscher, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST-4,MS E535, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-4262-3 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 1997 VL 19 BP 2716 EP 2721 PN 1-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BM91F UT WOS:000080103400776 ER PT B AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M BE Sakkestad, BA TI Co-processing coal and natural gas by the Hynol Process for enhanced methanol production and reduced CO2 emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,POB 5000,BLDG 475C,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00008 ER PT B AU Enick, R Gale, T Klara, J AF Enick, R Gale, T Klara, J BE Sakkestad, BA TI Modeling the application of the Kalina cycle to LEBS power plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr AB The Low Emission Boiler System (LEES) is an advanced, pulverized coal-fired plant designed to provide power in an economic, efficient, and environmentally sound manner. Thermal efficiencies of LEES plants are expected to be at least 42% HHV (higher heating value), a significant improvement over conventional systems. Two types of working fluids are being considered by DOE contractors developing the LEES technology, supercritical steam and ammonia-water mixtures used in the Kalina cycle. In this study, a LEBS-Kalina power cycle was modeled and the predicted performance was compared with previously reported results of a LEES-supercritical steam power cycle. The working fluid composition for the Kalina cycle was 25% water/75% ammonia. A heat exchange network similar to the Kalina System 5 configuration was incorporated to increase the recuperation of heat. An 85 MW LEBS/Kalina power plant was simulated using AspenPlus, a commercial process simulator. The Schwartzentruber-Renon equation of state was used to model the ammonia-water phase behavior. The thermal efficiency of the LEBS-Kalina plant was 46.49% HHV (48.64% LHV, lower heating value) operating at turbine inlet conditions of 1050 degrees F and 2415 psia with cooling water available at 52 degrees F. The high thermal efficiency of the LEBS-Kalina plant can be attributed to the properties of binary ammonia-water working fluid. A pinch analysis of the plant indicated that the heat exchange network was efficiently designed, as evidenced by the well-matched hot and cold composite curves. RP Enick, R (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,DEPT CHEM & PETR ENGN,POB 10940,MS 922-204,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00019 ER PT B AU Feeley, TJ Ruth, LA AF Feeley, TJ Ruth, LA BE Sakkestad, BA TI The US Department of Energy's advanced environmental control technology program SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr AB The U.S. electric-utility industry faces a number of environmental challenges. Title TV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) is requiring significant reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) from coal-fired electric-utility boilers. Under Title III of the CAA the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is evaluating the emission of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from electric-utility steam generating units and is conducting a separate assessment of the potential health and environmental effects of mercury. These studies will serve as the basis for determining whether or not there is a need to regulate HAP emissions from the utility sector. In addition, EPA has recently issued draft revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards'(NAAQS) for both fine particulates and ozone. Point sources of SO2 and NOX, including coal-fired boilers, will be reviewed as States move to comply with the revised NAAQS. Finally, recent debate concerning greenhouse gases has included proposals to reduce the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from large, stationary sources. The continued production of low-cost, environmentally sound electricity will require a well-focused, cooperative research and development (R&D) effort between government and industry. To this end, the U.S. Department of Energy's Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) is carrying out an R&D program aimed at the development of environmental control technology suitable for incorporation into existing plants and/or integrated into advanced power systems. The program encompasses a wide-range of R&D projects, from laboratory investigations to pilot-scale testing and evaluation. A summary of FETC's environmental technology R&D activities in the areas of SO2, NOX, and fine particulates, HAPs (air toxics), and CO2 is provided. RP Feeley, TJ (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 10940,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 249 EP 259 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00022 ER PT B AU Lackner, KS Butt, DP Wendt, CH AF Lackner, KS Butt, DP Wendt, CH BE Sakkestad, BA TI Magnesite disposal of carbon dioxide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr AB In this paper we report our progress on developing a method for carbon dioxide disposal whose purpose it is to maintain coal energy competitive even if environmental and political pressures will require a drastic reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast to mon other methods, our approach is not aiming at a partial solution of the problem, or at buying time for phasing out fossil energy. Instead, its purpose is to obtain a complete and economic solution of the problem, and thus maintain access to the vast fossil energy reservoir. A successful development of this technology would guarantee energy availability for many centuries even if world economic growth exceeds the most optimistic estimates that have been put forward. Out approach differs from all others in that we are developing an industrial process which chemically binds the carbon dioxide in an exothermic reaction into a mineral carbonate that is thermodynamically stable and environmentally benign. RP Lackner, KS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MS-B216,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 419 EP 430 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00036 ER PT B AU Enick, R Gale, T Klara, J Jones, J AF Enick, R Gale, T Klara, J Jones, J BE Sakkestad, BA TI Isothermal and adiabatic models of copper oxide moving-bed reactors for flue gas desulfurization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr AB An analytical model of an isothermal flue gas desulfurization moving-bed reactor has been developed. The average concentrations of SO2 in the effluent gas and CuO in the exiting sorbent are provided by explicit equations. The performance of the moving bed reactor can be predicted with these two simple expressions, thereby eliminating the need for numerical simulators that model the reactor as an array of interconnected microreactors. This analytical model is in agreement with an analytical model developed by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) An adiabatic model was also developed that accounted for the heat of reaction associated with the desulfurization reaction, the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, and the convective heat transfer between the flowing gas and the moving bed. A numerical simulator based on Euler's method was required to provide a solution for the adiabatic reactor. Eight sets of experimental results from DOE's pilot-scale Life-Cycle-Test-System desulfurization reactor were compared with predictions from both models. No adjustable parameters were used to optimize the fit of the data. The isothermal and adiabatic models underestimated the effluent concentration of SO2 by 13.3% and 6.4%, respectively. RP Enick, R (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,ORISE FAC,US DOE,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 10940,MS 922-204,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 715 EP 726 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00062 ER PT B AU Hoffman, JS Yeh, JT Pennline, HW Resnik, KP AF Hoffman, JS Yeh, JT Pennline, HW Resnik, KP BE Sakkestad, BA TI Pilot study of the moving-bed copper oxide process for SO2 and NOx control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr RP Hoffman, JS (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 10940,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 727 EP 738 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00063 ER PT B AU Hayter, SJ Torcellini, PA Neimeyer, J AF Hayter, SJ Torcellini, PA Neimeyer, J BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Tierra concrete homes: Low-energy residential building design SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd National Passive Solar Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Comm Environm AB Using a whole building design concept, Tierra Concrete Homes, a home builder in Pueblo, Colorado, created low-energy, passive solar home designs. Passive solar features incorporated into the designs include house orientation, high-mass walls for thermal storage, exterior insulation, appropriate glazing type combined with overhangs to prevent summer overheating, open interior spaces to maximize daylighting potential, and high efficiency lighting. These ranch-style homes require no cooling and minimum heating equipment to maintain comfortable indoor conditions. They are economically competitive to build, consume little fossil fuel, and produce virtually no construction waste. This paper discusses how the design of one of these homes was optimized to further minimize energy consumption while maintaining an attractive livable environment. It also describes monitoring activities that are currently underway to verify predicted energy consumption. RP Hayter, SJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR BLDG & THERMAL SYST,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-212-3 J9 P NATL SOL PY 1997 VL 22 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BJ39N UT WOS:A1997BJ39N00001 ER PT B AU Carlisle, N Taylor, P Crawley, AS AF Carlisle, N Taylor, P Crawley, AS BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Federal efforts to implement renewable energy products SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd National Passive Solar Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Comm Environm AB The Renewable Working Group (RWG), established in 1994 by the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) and the Interagency Energy Management Task Force, was formed to develop a plan to significantly increase federal use of solar and other renewable energy in a cost-effective manner, as called for in section 304 of Executive Order 12902. The preamble to the RWG renewable implementation plan states ''The Federal government should lead in implementing (renewable technologies) and set the standards for use of appropriate technologies.'' In order to help agencies address the problem of insufficient funds for renewable energy projects, FEMP is developing contracting mechanisms that will enable federal agencies to use alternative financing strategies when implementing projects. This approach is unique because it fosters a public-private partnership that relies heavily on leveraging funds and financing by energy service companies (ESCOs) and utilities. This paper describes six ways that the renewable industry and federal agencies can participate in FEMP programs to implement renewable energy projects. RP Carlisle, N (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,NREL,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-212-3 J9 P NATL SOL PY 1997 VL 22 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BJ39N UT WOS:A1997BJ39N00039 ER PT B AU Torcellini, PA Hayter, SJ Judkoff, R Jenior, MM AF Torcellini, PA Hayter, SJ Judkoff, R Jenior, MM BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI Designing and constructing low-energy commercial buildings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd National Passive Solar Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Comm Environm AB Successful low-energy building design and construction begins with a strong commitment towards energy efficiency from the architect, engineer, and building owner. Low-energy building design is achieved through a whole building approach where the designers, builders, and operators understand how a building interacts with its systems, its activities, and its surrounding environment. The whole-building design approach was followed when designing, constructing, and commissioning the Thermal Test Facility (TTF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado. The projected savings for this laboratory building are over 70% when compared with a building compliant with the Federal Energy Code (10CFR435). The TTF uses managed glazing, engineered overhangs, a good thermal package, evaporative cooling, passive solar strategies including direct solar gain heating and daylighting, and a well-engineered automatic building control system. This paper discusses the important steps to designing, constructing, and commissioning low-energy commercial buildings, experiences gained from constructing the TTF, and preliminary TTF operating data. RP Torcellini, PA (reprint author), CTR BLDG & THERMAL SYST,NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-212-3 J9 P NATL SOL PY 1997 VL 22 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BJ39N UT WOS:A1997BJ39N00043 ER PT B AU Balcomb, JD Prowler, D AF Balcomb, JD Prowler, D BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI ENERGY-10: The making of a design tool SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd National Passive Solar Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Comm Environm AB The ENERGY-10 computer program, released in June 1996, is a design tool, distinct from other energy-evaluation programs. Energy performance simulation, based on an hourly time step through a year of typical data, is an essential part of the process; however, ENERGY-IO goes far beyond this to facilitate the integration of energy efficiency into the design process of a building. ENERGY-IO incorporates time-saving features, AutoBuild, APPLY, RANK, and KEEP, and produces a rich graphical output. The program was described in a paper, ''The ENERGY-IO Design Tool Computer Program,'' presented at the American Solar Energy Society (ASES) conference, Solar 95, in Minneapolis, MN, and in a Solar Today article, ''ENERGY-10: Saving Energy by Design,'' by Rick Clyne (May/June 1996, pp 24-27). This paper describes the origins of ENERGY-10. It evaluates how well our approach has succeeded and describes proposed remedies to shortcomings. The purpose is fourfold - to expand on the rationale for the design of the program, to describe enhancements that are planned for future releases of the program, to evaluate user feedback, and to discuss ENERGY-10 as a tool for getting new strategies into the marketplace. RP Balcomb, JD (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-212-3 J9 P NATL SOL PY 1997 VL 22 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BJ39N UT WOS:A1997BJ39N00050 ER PT B AU Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Winkelmann, FC Buhl, WF Erdem, AE Pedersen, CO Liesen, RJ Fisher, DE Strand, RK Taylor, RD AF Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Winkelmann, FC Buhl, WF Erdem, AE Pedersen, CO Liesen, RJ Fisher, DE Strand, RK Taylor, RD BE CampbellHowe, R WilkinsCrowder, B TI What's next for building energy simulation - A glimpse of the future SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL PASSIVE SOLAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd National Passive Solar Conference CY APR 25-30, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Solar Energy Soc, Amer Inst Architects, Comm Environm AB The U.S. Departments of Energy and Defense (DOE and DOD) are jointly developing EnergyBase, a new building energy simulation tool that builds on the capabilities of BLAST and DOE-2. EnergyBase will include innovative simulation features, including variable time steps of less than an hour, built-in template and external modular systems simulation modules integrated with a heat balance-based zone simulation, and input and output data structures tailored to facilitate third party interface development. EnergyBase will also have models for a number of processes not available in both BLAST and DOE-2, including interzone air flow, indoor air quality, foundation heat transfer, and atmospheric pollution. To provide input to EnergyBase and future planning efforts, DOE and DOD sponsored workshops in August 1995 and June 1996 on next-generation building energy simulation tools. Workshop participants generated and ranked applications, capabilities, methods and structures, and interface concepts for next-generation simulation environments. We first describe the results from the two workshops of simulation developers and users from around the world. The methods used in the workshops and the resulting recommendations are presented. We then give an overview of the organization and capabilities of EnergyBase and describe the restructuring process. RP Crawley, DB (reprint author), US DOE,1000 INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY INC PI BOULDER PA 2400 CENTRAL AVE, SUITE G-1, BOULDER, CO 80301 BN 0-89553-212-3 J9 P NATL SOL PY 1997 VL 22 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Architecture; Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BJ39N UT WOS:A1997BJ39N00052 ER PT B AU Dietz, CG AF Dietz, CG GP PURDUE UNIV TI Transportation of a 40-year-old reactive mixed waste SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 51ST INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Industrial Waste Conference CY MAY 06-08, 1996 CL PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN SP Purdue Univ, Continuing Educ, Sch Civil Engn, Indiana Dept Environm Management, Indiana Dept Nat Resources, Indiana Environm Management Board, Purdue Univ, Indiana Pollut Prevent & Safe Mat Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Indiana Sect, Amer Water Works Assoc, Indiana Sect, Indiana State Board Hlth, Indiana Stream Pollut Control Board, Indiana Water Pollut Control Assoc HO PURDUE UNIV RP Dietz, CG (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 121 SOUTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 BN 1-57504-052-2 J9 PROC IND WASTE CONF PY 1997 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH42A UT WOS:A1997BH42A00017 ER PT S AU Ruth, L Winslow, J Ramezan, M AF Ruth, L Winslow, J Ramezan, M BE McBride, AE TI Low emission boiler system: Clean and efficient power from coal SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 59, I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference - Competitiveness Through Technology and Cooperation CY 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol AB The U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, is working with private industry to develop the Low Emission Boiler System (LEES), an advanced coal-fired power generation system for the 21 st century. LEES will provide the utility industry with an opportunity to meet the anticipated increase in electricity demand throughout the world by offering cleaner and more efficient coal-fired power plants. LEES has significantly higher thermal efficiency, superior environmental performance and a lower cost of electricity than conventional coal-fired systems. This paper presents an overall summary of the LEES program. RP Ruth, L (reprint author), US DOE, FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1997 VL 59 BP 568 EP 570 PN I&II PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH83H UT WOS:A1997BH83H00110 ER PT S AU Ruth, L Plasynski, S Shaffer, F Ramezan, M AF Ruth, L Plasynski, S Shaffer, F Ramezan, M BE McBride, AE TI DOE's high performance power systems program: Development of advanced coal-fired combined-cycle systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 59, I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference - Competitiveness Through Technology and Cooperation CY 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol AB Coal currently provides more than one third of the world's electricity and more than one half of the U.S.'s electricity. However, for coal to be the fuel of choice in the future, highly efficient, environmentally acceptable, and economically competitive, coal-fired power plants are needed. The U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, under its High Performance Power Systems (HIPPS) Program, has two contracts in place, one with Foster Wheeler Development Corporation and one with United Technologies Research Center, to develop advanced power generation systems. Based on an indirectly fired cycle, HIPPS uses a combined cycle for power generation at efficiencies of 47-50% (HHV) with superior environmental performance (1/10 of New Source Performance Standards) and a lower cost-of-electricity (10% reduction relative to current coal-fired plants). HIPPS, scheduled to be ready for commercialization by the year 2005, could provide a solution to the anticipated worldwide demand for clean, efficient electricity generation. In this paper, the two HIPPS designs are reviewed and on-going research is discussed. RP Ruth, L (reprint author), US DOE, FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR, PITTSBURGH, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1997 VL 59 BP 571 EP 576 PN I&II PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH83H UT WOS:A1997BH83H00111 ER PT S AU Kavicky, JA Shahidehpour, SM AF Kavicky, JA Shahidehpour, SM BE McBride, AE TI Simplifying generator siting and contract options SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 59, I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference - Competitiveness Through Technology and Cooperation CY 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol AB This paper demonstrates the application of a clustering method designed to aggregate the effects of individual generation shift factors, while preserving their associated parallel path characteristics. The paper illustrates how several statistical metrics and modeling heuristics are employed to determine criteria for clustering acceptance. Tradeoffs between cluster precision and effective cluster aggregation are illustrated using a four-area system. These tradeoffs are shown to affect final cluster acceptability. This paper applies the technique to generator siting and contract option applications to reduce transmission modeling complexity and suggests it can be used as a screening method to identify the need for detailed system studies. RP Kavicky, JA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1036 EP 1041 PN I&II PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH83H UT WOS:A1997BH83H00194 ER PT J AU Ruth, L Winslow, J Ramezan, M AF Ruth, L Winslow, J Ramezan, M BE McBride, AE TI Low emission boiler system: Clean and efficient power from coal SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 59 - PTS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference on Competitiveness Through Technology and Cooperation CY 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Power Conf, Illinois Inst Technol AB The U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, is working with private industry to develop the Low Emission Boiler System (LEBS), an advanced coal-fired power generation system for the 21st century. LEBS will provide the utility industry with an opportunity to meet the anticipated increase in electricity demand throughout the world by offering cleaner and more efficient coal-fired power plants. LEES has significantly higher thermal efficiency, superior environmental performance and a lower cost of electricity than conventional coal-fired systems. This paper presents an overall summary of the LEES program. RP Ruth, L (reprint author), US DOE,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1997 VL 59 BP 568 EP 570 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ90E UT WOS:A1997BJ90E00110 ER PT J AU Ruth, L Plasynski, S Shaffer, F Ramezan, M AF Ruth, L Plasynski, S Shaffer, F Ramezan, M BE McBride, AE TI Doe's High Performance Power Systems Program: Development of advanced coal-fired combined-cycle systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 59 - PTS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference on Competitiveness Through Technology and Cooperation CY 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Power Conf, Illinois Inst Technol AB Coal currently provides more than one third of the world's electricity and more than one half of the U.S.'s electricity. However, for coal to be the fuel of choice in the future, highly efficient, environmentally acceptable, and economically competitive, coal-fired power plants are needed. The U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Technology Center, under its High Performance Power Systems (HIPPS) Program, has two contracts in place, one with Foster Wheeler Development Corporation and one with United Technologies Research Center, to develop advanced power generation systems. Based on an indirectly fired cycle, HIPPS uses a combined cycle for Fewer generation at efficiencies of 47-50% (HHV) with superior environmental performance (1/10 of New Source Performance Standards) and a lower cost-of-electricity (10% reduction relative to current coal-fired plants). HIPPS, scheduled to be ready for commercialization by the year 2005, could provide a solution to the anticipated worldwide demand for clean, efficient electricity generation. In this paper, the two HIPPS designs are reviewed and on-going research is discussed. RP Ruth, L (reprint author), US DOE,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1997 VL 59 BP 571 EP 576 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ90E UT WOS:A1997BJ90E00111 ER PT J AU Kavicky, JA Shahidehpour, SM AF Kavicky, JA Shahidehpour, SM BE McBride, AE TI Simplifying generator siting and contract options SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 59 - PTS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference on Competitiveness Through Technology and Cooperation CY 1997 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Power Conf, Illinois Inst Technol AB This paper demonstrates the application of a clustering method designed to aggregate the effects of individual generation shift factors, while preserving their associated parallel path characteristics. The paper illustrates how several statistical metrics and modeling heuristics are employed to determine criteria for clustering acceptance. Tradeoffs between cluster precision and effective cluster aggregation are illustrated using a four-area system. These tradeoffs are shown to affect final cluster acceptability. This paper applies the technique to generator siting and contract option applications to reduce transmission modeling complexity and suggests it can be used as a screening method to identify the need for detailed system studies. RP Kavicky, JA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1036 EP 1041 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BJ90E UT WOS:A1997BJ90E00194 ER PT B AU Simonen, EP Bruemmer, SM AF Simonen, EP Bruemmer, SM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Thermally induced grain boundary composition and effects on radiation-induced segregation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS - WATER REACTORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors CY AUG 10-14, 1997 CL AMELIA ISL, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat & Corros Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Environm Effects Comm, Natl Assoc Corros ID CR-NI ALLOYS; SOLUTE SEGREGATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; BORON AB Grain boundary compositions in reactor core components-are affected by initial thermal processing and by subsequent service radiation exposure. In particular, depletion of Cr at grain boundaries in stainless steels has been implicated asa contributing cause for component stress corrosion cracking in boiling water reactors. The measured depletion caused by irradiation is in contrast to measured enrichment caused by thermal: processing of alloys. These competitive processes of radiation-induced Cr depletion and thermally-induced enrichment are; evaluated in the present study to establish a fundamental: framework for controlling grain boundary microchemistry. Inconsistencies between model predictions and measured segregation suggest that multiple defect/solute interactions must be accounted for in addition to the simple interaction. between Cr and vacancies. Quench rate and annealing: temperature effects on thermally-induced nonequilibrium segregation and dose effects on radiation-induced segregation are evaluated relative to assumed values for binding and defect energies. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simonen, EP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-626-8 PY 1997 BP 751 EP 757 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82T UT WOS:000083105100080 ER PT B AU Garner, FA Toloczko, MB Porollo, SI Vorobjev, AN Dvoriashin, AM Konobeev, YV AF Garner, FA Toloczko, MB Porollo, SI Vorobjev, AN Dvoriashin, AM Konobeev, YV GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Potential irradiation creep and void swelling of stainless steels in PWR internals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS - WATER REACTORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors CY AUG 10-14, 1997 CL AMELIA ISL, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat & Corros Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Environm Effects Comm, Natl Assoc Corros AB Void swelling and irradiation creep have been predicted to possibly influence the performance of stainless steel internals in LWRs, especially in PWRs where very high dpa levels can be attained in some components. Each of these damage processes is thought to be sensitive to displacement rate. This consideration is particularly important when attempting to apply data and insight gained from high-flux fast reactors to lower-flux LWR applications. In this paper it is shown that B-0, the creep compliance of irradiation creep, is not dependent on displacement rate as was previously thought, but the swelling-driven component of irradiation creep is flux-sensitive. Evidence is also presented to show that the lower fluxes inherent in LWR application lead to voids being formed:at lower doses and at lower-than-expected temperatures compared to predictions developed from high-flux fast reactor data. This is a consequence of the "temperature-shift'' phenomenon, whereby the temperature regime of swelling shifts with changes in displacement rate. Evidence is also presented to show that at doses in the 73-83 dpa range, at least one austenitic steel can reach swelling levels-in excess of 10% at 335-365 degrees C, resulting in very brittle steel that is subject to failure under either shock loading or slow strain rate conditions. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-626-8 PY 1997 BP 839 EP 845 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82T UT WOS:000083105100090 ER PT B AU Chung, HM Park, JH Ruther, WE Sanecki, JE Strain, RV Zaluzec, NJ AF Chung, HM Park, JH Ruther, WE Sanecki, JE Strain, RV Zaluzec, NJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Fabrication-related impurity contamination and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel core-internal components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS - WATER REACTORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors CY AUG 10-14, 1997 CL AMELIA ISL, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat & Corros Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Environm Effects Comm, Natl Assoc Corros ID IONS AB The stress corrosion cracking and microstructural characteristics of boiling-water-reactor neutron absorber tubes, a control blade sheath, and core shroud welds, as well as unirradiated simulated welds, were investigated by slow-strain-rate tensile testing and advanced metallographic techniques. The results from the absorber tubes and sheath indicate strongly that irradiation-induced grain-boundary Cr depletion and high levels of oxygen and fluorine in the material are important factors that exacerbate susceptibility to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking. The heat-affected zone of the simulated core shroud welds was significantly contaminated by oxygen, fluorine, and molybdenum as a result of exposure to weld fumes. Significant fluorine contamination occurred only in association with oxygen contamination and was higher in the oxygen-rich region beneath the surface weld scale, grain boundaries, and oxides. Similar contamination was also observed in a field-cracked Type 304L core shroud weld. Grain boundaries of the heat-affected zone of the shroud weld were characterized by high oxygen, fine oxide particles, and fluorine, but grain-boundary carbides, Cr depletion, or martensite film were absent. These observations and previous reports on the strong influence of weld scale indicate that oxygen and fluorine contamination and fluorine-catalyzed stress corrosion play a major role in cracking of core shrouds even in the absence of thermal sensitization. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chung, HM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-626-8 PY 1997 BP 846 EP 856 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82T UT WOS:000083105100091 ER PT B AU Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Chung, HM AF Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Chung, HM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Irradiation-induced instability of MnS precipitates and its possible contribution to IASCC in light water reactors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS - WATER REACTORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors CY AUG 10-14, 1997 CL AMELIA ISL, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat & Corros Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Environm Effects Comm, Natl Assoc Corros ID CR-NI ALLOYS; BOUNDARY AB Although a number of candidate mechanisms have been proposed to participate in the IASCC phenomenon, it is not clear at this time that all of the contributing mechanisms have been identified. A new mechanism was proposed by Garner and Greenwood as a potential contribution to IASCC that involves the radiation-induced release into solution of sulphur and other deleterious elements that are normally concentrated into MnS precipitates. The instability arises from the combined action of the transmutation of manganese to iron, cascade-induced mixing and the very strong action of the inverse Kirkendall effect. The latter mechanism acts as a pump to export manganese from the precipitate surface and to replace it primarily with iron, as well as smaller amounts of chromium, nickel and other lesser elements. Evidence previously presented by Chung and coworkers appears to show that MnS precipitates in typical 300 series stainless steels become progressively depleted in manganese and enriched with iron as irradiation proceeds in boiling water reactor neutron spectra. It is shown in this paper that transmutation alone is insufficient to produce the observed behavior. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-626-8 PY 1997 BP 857 EP 860 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82T UT WOS:000083105100092 ER PT B AU Lee, BS AF Lee, BS GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Operating data analysis for Containment Isolation function failures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS - WATER REACTORS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems - Water Reactors CY AUG 10-14, 1997 CL AMELIA ISL, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat & Corros Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Environm Effects Comm, Natl Assoc Corros AB The failures of the components in the Containment Isolation (CI) functions reported to the Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System(NPRDS) for the 1988 through 1993 time period were reviewed and analyzed to understand the effects of aging on failure frequency, failure modes, and failure causes. The results show that values and valve operators were the most frequently failed components, and that most failures reported to the NPRDS were due to aging. Specifically, 76% of PWR and 80% of BWR valve failures reported to NPRDS were aging-related while 74% of PWR and 66% of BWR valve operators were aging-related. In this paper, the aging characteristics and service-wear effects on valves and valve operators in the CI functions of Westinghouse PWRs and General Electric BWRs are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, BS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-626-8 PY 1997 BP 1039 EP 1045 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82T UT WOS:000083105100115 ER PT B AU Gleason, SS Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP AF Gleason, SS Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP BE RaiChoudhury, P Benton, JL Schroder, DK Shaffner, TJ TI An integrated spatial signature analysis and automatic defect classification system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM ON DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Devices Symposium at the Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY MAY 06-08, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB An integrated Spatial Signature Analysis (SSA) and automatic defect classification (ADC) system for improved automatic semiconductor wafer manufacturing characterization is presented. Both concepts of SSA and ADC methodologies are reviewed and then the benefits of an integrated system are described, namely, focused ADC and signature-level sampling. Focused ADC involves the use of SSA information on a defect signature to reduce the number of possible classes that an ADC system must consider, thus improving the ADC system performance. Signature-level sampling improved the ADC system throughput and accuracy by intelligently sampling defects within a given spatial signature for subsequent off-line, high-resolution ADC. A complete example of wafermap characterization via an integrated SSA/ADC system is presented where a wafer with 3274 defects is completely characterized by revisiting only 25 defects on an off-line ADC review station. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gleason, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 3546,MS 6011, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-139-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 12 BP 204 EP 211 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Optics SC Electrochemistry; Optics GA BK24Z UT WOS:000071609700020 ER PT B AU Walton, JT Haller, EE Knowlton, WB Wong, YK von Ammon, W Zulehner, W AF Walton, JT Haller, EE Knowlton, WB Wong, YK von Ammon, W Zulehner, W BE RaiChoudhury, P Benton, JL Schroder, DK Shaffner, TJ TI Lithium-ion drifting: Application to the study of point defects in floating-zone silicon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM ON DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Devices Symposium at the Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY MAY 06-08, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The use of lithium-ion (Li+) drifting to study the properties of point defects in p-type Floating-Zone (FZ) silicon crystals is reported. The Li+ drift technique is used to detect the presence of vacancy-related defects (D defects) in certain p-type FZ silicon crystals. SUPREM-IV modeling suggests that the silicon point defect diffusivities are considerably higher than those commonly accepted, but are in reasonable agreement with values recently proposed. These results demonstrate the utility of Li+ drifting in the study of silicon point defect properties in p-type FZ crystals. Finally, a straightforward measurement of the Li+ compensation depth is shown to yield estimates of the vacancy-related defect concentration in p-type FZ crystals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walton, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-139-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 12 BP 400 EP 411 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Optics SC Electrochemistry; Optics GA BK24Z UT WOS:000071609700037 ER PT B AU Evard, R AF Evard, R GP USENIX ASSOC TI An analysis of UNIX system configuration SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION CONFERENCE (LISA XI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Systems Administration Conference (LISA XI) CY OCT 26-31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USENIX Assoc, SAGE AB Management of operating system configuration files files is an essential part of UNIX systems administration. It is particularly difficult in environments with a large number of computers. This paper presents a study of UNIX configuration file management. It compares existing systems and tools from the literature, presents several case studies of configuration file management in practice, examines one site in depth, and makes numerous observations on the configuration process. RP Evard, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU USENIX ASSOC PI BERKELEY PA SUITE 215, 2560 NINTH ST, BERKELEY, CA 94710 BN 1-880446-90-1 PY 1997 BP 179 EP 193 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BJ83D UT WOS:A1997BJ83D00020 ER PT B AU Williams, MC AF Williams, MC BE Stimming, U Singhal, SC Tagawa, H Lehnert, W TI US solid oxide fuel cell power plant development and commercialization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC-V) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-V) CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Electrochem Soc Inc, High Temperature Mat & Battery Div, Int Soc Electrochem, SOFC Soc Japan AB Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) powerplants have many potential attributes which make them suitable for distributed generation applications. Power densities for SOFC's are very promising. Power densities possibilities of 2.0 watts per square centimeter have been reported to be possible. Westinghouse Electric is the leader in tubular SOFC technology. Several completely packaged and self-contained generators, up to nominal 25-kilowatt (kW) size, have been manufactured and tested by Westinghouse Electric. A manufacturing facility currently produces these generators. In the U.S., several planar designs are also under development. Organizations developing planar designs include the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), Ceramatec, Ztek, Technology Management Incorporated (TMI), and Allied Signal Aerospace Corporation. One of the most promising developments in SOFC powerplants is the conceptual development of very high efficiency fuel cell gas turbine powerplants. The combination of the SOFC and turbine has the potential for enormous synergies. C1 US DOE, FETC, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE, FETC, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-145-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 40 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK24K UT WOS:000071608300001 ER PT B AU Doshi, R Richards, VL Krumpelt, M AF Doshi, R Richards, VL Krumpelt, M BE Stimming, U Singhal, SC Tagawa, H Lehnert, W TI Cathodes for ceria-based fuel cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC-V) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-V) CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Electrochem Soc Inc, High Temperature Mat & Battery Div, Int Soc Electrochem, SOFC Soc Japan AB Work is underway to develop a solid oxide fuel cell that has a ceria-based electrolyte and operates at lower temperatures (500-600 degrees C) than conventional zirconia-based cells. At present the performance of this ceria-based solid oxide fuel cell is limited by the polarization of conventional cathode materials. The performance of alternative cathodes was measured by impedance spectroscopy and de polarization. The performance was found to improve by using a thin dense interface layer and by using two-phase cathodes with an electrolyte and an electronic phase. The cathode performance was also found to increase with increasing ionic conductivity for single phase cathodes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doshi, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-145-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 40 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK24K UT WOS:000071608300042 ER PT B AU Visco, SJ Jacobson, C De Jonghe, LC AF Visco, SJ Jacobson, C De Jonghe, LC BE Stimming, U Singhal, SC Tagawa, H Lehnert, W TI Fabrication and performance of thin-film SOFCs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC-V) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-V) CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Electrochem Soc Inc, High Temperature Mat & Battery Div, Int Soc Electrochem, SOFC Soc Japan AB Thin-film SOFCs based on zirconia, ceria, and cerate electrolytes have been successfully fabricated using colloidal deposition techniques. Performance of (H-2-H2O)Ni-YSZ/YSZ/LSM(air) cells having YSZ electrolytes of less than 10 microns have achieved close to 2 watts/cm(2) at 800 degrees C. The analogous ceria SOFCs were tested over the temperature range of 600 to 800 degrees C and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. At 750 degrees C the peak power density of the thin-film ceria fuel cell was in excess of 650 mW/cm(2). At 600 degrees C the thin-film cells achieved peak power densities of close to 300 mW/cm(2). Thin-film proton conducting SrCeO3 films have also been successfully deposited onto porous Ni-cermet electrodes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Visco, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-145-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 40 BP 710 EP 717 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK24K UT WOS:000071608300077 ER PT B AU Stevenson, JW Armstrong, TR Pederson, LR Weber, WJ AF Stevenson, JW Armstrong, TR Pederson, LR Weber, WJ BE Stimming, U Singhal, SC Tagawa, H Lehnert, W TI Synthesis and properties of alkaline earth-doped lanthanum gallate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC-V) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC-V) CY JUN 02-05, 1997 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Electrochem Soc Inc, High Temperature Mat & Battery Div, Int Soc Electrochem, SOFC Soc Japan AB Alkaline earth-doped lanthanum gallate powders were prepared by glycine/nitrate combustion synthesis. Powders synthesized under fuel-rich conditions were subsequently sintered to densities greater than 95% of theoretical. Compositions doped with 0.10-0.20 mol% Sr or Ba on the A-site and 0.15-0.20 mol% Mg on the B-site of the perovskite structure exhibited higher conductivity than yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Gallates doped with Ca and Mg had lower conductivities than YSZ. At 800 degrees C, gallate conductivities were 0.10-0.12 S/cm, approx. twice the conductivity of YSZ (0.05 S/cm). The increased conductivity in the gallates was attributable both to a greater oxygen ion mobility and a greater concentration of oxygen ion vacancies relative to YSZ. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Dept Mat & Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stevenson, JW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Dept Mat & Chem Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-145-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 40 BP 1031 EP 1040 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK24K UT WOS:000071608300111 ER PT B AU Balachandran, U Dusek, JT Picciolo, JJ Ma, B Maiya, PS Mieville, RL Kleefisch, MS Udovich, CA AF Balachandran, U Dusek, JT Picciolo, JJ Ma, B Maiya, PS Mieville, RL Kleefisch, MS Udovich, CA BE Anderson, HU Khandkar, AC Liu, M TI Dense ceramic membranes for converting methane to syngas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CERAMIC MEMBRANES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Ceramic Membranes, at the 188th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-13, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Electrochem Soc AB Dense mixed-oxide ceramics capable of conducting both electrons and oxygen ions are promising materials for partial oxygenation of methane to syngas. We are particularly interested in an oxide based on the Sr-Fe-Co-O system. Dense ceramic membrane tubes have been fabricated by a plastic extrusion technique. The sintered tubes were then used to selectively transport oxygen from air through the membrane to make syngas without the use of external electrodes. The sintered tubes have operated for >1000 h, and methane conversion efficiencies of >98% have been observed. Mechanical properties, structural integrity of the tubes during reactor operation, results of methane conversion, selectivity of methane-conversion products, oxygen permeation, and fabrication of multichannel configurations for large-Scale production of syngas will be presented. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-119-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 95 IS 24 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BH18A UT WOS:A1997BH18A00004 ER PT B AU Stevenson, JW Armstrong, TR Pederson, LR Weber, WJ AF Stevenson, JW Armstrong, TR Pederson, LR Weber, WJ BE Anderson, HU Khandkar, AC Liu, M TI Electrochemical properties of mixed conducting La(1-x)M(x)Co(1-y)Fe(y)O(3-delta) (M=Sr,Ca,Ba) perovskites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CERAMIC MEMBRANES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Ceramic Membranes, at the 188th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-13, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Electrochem Soc AB Perovskite-type compositions in the system La(1-x)M(x)Co(1-y)Fe(y)O(3-delta) (M = Sr,Ca,Ba) exhibit high electronic and ionic conductivity. These materials experience a substantial reversible weight loss at elevated temperatures due to a decrease in oxygen stoichiometry. This loss of oxygen results in a decrease in the electronic conductivity at high temperatures. In an oxygen partial pressure gradient, oxygen flux through these materials increases with increasing acceptor content and with increasing temperature. The calculated ionic conductivities of some compositions exceed that of yttria-stabilized zirconia. The removal of lattice oxygen by reduction of ambient oxygen partial pressure results in a volumetric expansion. Linear expansions as high as 0.63% were measured at 800 degrees C on sintered specimens in mildly reducing conditions. The magnitude of the expansion increased with increasing acceptor content. RP Stevenson, JW (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,DEPT MAT SCI,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-119-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 95 IS 24 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BH18A UT WOS:A1997BH18A00011 ER PT S AU Bazan, G Arnett, D AF Bazan, G Arnett, D BE Dermer, CD Strickman, MS Kurfess, JD TI gamma-ray emitting radionuclide production in a multidimensional supernovae model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM, PTS 1 AND 2: PT 1: THE COMPTON OBSERVATORY IN REVIEW; PT 2: PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Compton Symposium CY APR 27-30, 1997 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA AB We examine the effects of multidimensional hydrodynamics on gamma-ray emitting radionuclide yields from massive star progenitor supernovae. Significant differences are expected between explosive nucleosynthesis product yields from 1- and 2-dimensional hydrodynamical models due to the rather high perturbation amplitudes in density (10%), temperature (5%), and neutron excess (50%) realized in P-dimensional simulations of pre-core collapse stellar evolution. Shocks are introduced into these models of pre-collapse evolution and are further evolved with a 160 isotope network coupled to our PPM hydro code. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bazan, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L170, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-659-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 410 BP 1119 EP 1124 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK17N UT WOS:000071400800149 ER PT B AU Williams, MC AF Williams, MC BE Selman, JR Uchida, I Wendt, H Shores, DA Fuller, TF TI Carbonate fuel cell powerplant development and commercialization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CARBONATE FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Technology at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 05-08, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc RP Williams, MC (reprint author), US DOE,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,MORGANTOWN,WV 26507, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-131-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 4 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BH73F UT WOS:A1997BH73F00001 ER PT B AU Wilcoxon, JP AF Wilcoxon, JP BE Cahay, M Leburton, JP Lockwood, DJ Bandyopadhyay, S TI Studies of photoredox reactions on nanosize semiconductors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTUM CONFINEMENT: NANOSCALE MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Quantum Confinement - Nanoscale Materials, Devices, and Systems, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-07, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc AB Light induced electron transfer (ET) from nanosize semiconductors of MoS2 to organic electron accepters such as 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and methyl substituted 4,4',5,5'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (tmb) was studied by static and time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The kinetics of ET were varied by changing the nanocluster size (the band gap), the electron acceptor, and the polarity of the solvent. MoS2 is an especially interesting semiconductor material as it is an indirect semiconductor in bulk form, and has a layered covalent bonding arrangement which is highly resistant to photocorrosion. ET occurs following photoexcitation of the direct band gap. Quantum confinement results in the smaller nanoclusters having higher conduction band energies, and therefore larger ET driving forces. The ET reaction energies may be varied by changing the electron acceptor, by varying the size of the MoS2 nanocluster or by varying the polarity of the solvent. In addition, varying the polarity of the solvent affects the reorganization energy and the barrier to electron transfer. TMB is harder to reduce, and thus has a smaller ET driving force than bpy. The solvent polarity is varied by varying the composition of acetonitrile/benzene mixed solvents. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-138-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 11 BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Optics GA BK03E UT WOS:A1997BK03E00002 ER PT B AU Haller, EE AF Haller, EE BE Claeys, CL Raider, SI Deen, MJ Brown, WD Kirschman, RK TI Far-infrared and millimeter wave detectors: Ge photoconductors and thermistors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Low Temperature Electronics and High Temperature Superconductivity at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-11, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Dielectr Sci & Tech Div AB Advances Ge photoconductors and thermistors are reviewed. We will focus first on extrinsic germanium photoconductors which operate optimally in the 1.5 to 4.2 K temperature range and cover the spectral region from approximately 30 mu m to 250 mu m. Fully optimized arrays with up to several hundred pixels are currently being built. They can operate in a very low background-limited mode, staring into the deep universe from a spaceborne telescope. Dark currents of a few tens to hundreds of electrons par second and responsivities of a few tens of A/W can be routinely achieved. The recent development of several hundred micron thick, ultra-pure, n-type GaAs epitaxial layers shows great promise for photoconductors operating at wavelengths up to 300 mu m. Beyond photoconductor cut-off wavelength a new class of germanium thermistors has proven useful as far-infrared and millimeter wave thermal sensors. The resistance of these thermistors is dominated by thermally-assisted, variable range hopping of charge carriers between dopant atoms. The dopants are created in neutron transmutation doping (NTD) processes following the capture of thermal neutrons by the various stable isotopes of germanium. Excellent doping uniformity is inherent to the NTD process and allows the development of large NTD Ge thermistor arrays. Small NTD Ge thermistor arrays have already produced promising data and large arrays and will become operational in the near future. RP Haller, EE (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-129-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 2 BP 289 EP 304 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BH73E UT WOS:A1997BH73E00026 ER PT B AU Miller, DP Chair, P AF Miller, DP Chair, P GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI The confluence of 'Ancient Wisdom and Future Technology' in our profession SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB The panel assembled for this session has been asked to think metaphorically about the theme of the Meeting and how it relates to our profession. The invited panelists represent diverse perspectives in human factors and ergonomics, and this should make for stimulating discussion. RP Miller, DP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 873 EP 877 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00189 ER PT B AU McCallum, MC Smith, MW AF McCallum, MC Smith, MW GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Written and simulator-based tests of mariner knowledge and application of rules of the road SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This paper documents an initial study of the feasibility and potential value of developing an Interactive Rules of the Road Tester. Using an existing desk-top ship bridge simulator, a series of interactive exercises were developed to match the test objectives of a paper and pencil multiple-choice test currently administered to mariners by the U.S. Coast Guard. Both tests were administered to 100 U.S. Merchant Marine Academy students and biographical data relevant to Rules of the Road knowledge and application were obtained for each student. Analyses indicated that the separate test formats measured different aspects of students' competencies and that a test that combines both written items and interactive exercises has the potential to increase the overall level of test validity. Such a system is see as a cost-effective means of improving the assessment of mariner's knowledge and application of the Rules of the Road. RP McCallum, MC (reprint author), BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 973 EP 977 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00214 ER PT B AU Lee, JD AF Lee, JD GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Validation of a simulation model to evaluate crew size SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This paper describes the validation of a computer-based model to help identify potential overload situations that would be difficult to anticipate through intuitive assessments of how automation and other factors affect personnel requirements on commercial ships. Development of the Crew Size Evaluation Model (CSEM) is motivated by the pervasive problem of estimating the number of people required to operate a system safely and effectively. CSEM is based on a discrete event simulation of shipboard activities and the utility of its guidance depends on its ability to predict crew work hours and shipboard activities. As with any complex simulation, creating an accurate model requires extensive validation. This paper describes a comprehensive, multi-method validation process, as applied to the validation of CSEM. The multi-method validation addresses: 1) Model scope, 2) Conceptual approach, 3) Model implementation, 4) Model input, 5) Model output. The results of this validation show that CSEM captures the essential elements of shipboard activities and provides a basis for evaluating operational changes, such as crew size, work schedules, maintenance policies, and voyage profiles. Similar multi-method validation approaches should be applied to any complex simulation model. RP Lee, JD (reprint author), BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA, USA. OI Lee, John/0000-0001-9808-2160 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 978 EP 982 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00215 ER PT B AU Sanquist, TF Raby, M Forsythe, A Carvalhais, A AF Sanquist, TF Raby, M Forsythe, A Carvalhais, A GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Fatigue in merchant marine personnel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB A field study of work, sleep and alertness patterns was conducted among 141 U.S. merchant marine personnel. Data were collected by means of a logbook over a 10-30 day period for each mariner. A total of 2,038 logbook days were collected. The results indicate the existence of substantial fatigue risk factors, including sleep fragmentation, low sleep durations, poor quality sleep and long work days. The risk factors have a higher incidence among watchstanders, who work a 4 hour on, 8 hour off schedule. Of particular concern is the high incidence (23%) of severely restricted sleep (less than 4 hours per 24) among workers on the 0400-0800 watch. The data provide the basis for alternative work-rest scheduling in the maritime industry. RP Sanquist, TF (reprint author), BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 983 EP 987 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00216 ER PT B AU Raby, M McCallum, MC AF Raby, M McCallum, MC GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Procedures for investigating and reporting fatigue contributions to marine casualties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB This project was aimed at identifying strategies for improving current U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) procedures for investigating, reporting, and analyzing fatigue contributions to marine casualties. The focus was on evaluating the contribution of fatigue in vessel and personnel injury casualties. A total of 397 casualties were investigated. Fatigue contributed to 16 percent of the critical vessel casualties and 33 percent of the personnel injury casualties. These estimates were substantially greater than the ones currently available from the USCG Marine Investigations Module (MINMOD) database. Analyses identified three potential indicators of fatigue: (1) the number of fatigue symptoms reported by mariners, (2) the number of hours worked in the 24 hours prior to a casualty; and (3) the number of hours slept in those 24 hours. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using simple procedures to obtain meaningful data on the contribution of fatigue in transportation accidents. RP Raby, M (reprint author), BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 988 EP 992 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00217 ER PT B AU Bittner, AC Gore, BF Hooey, BL AF Bittner, AC Gore, BF Hooey, BL GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGONOM SOC TI Meaningful assessments of simulator performance and sickness: Can't have one without the other? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, 1997, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Human-Factors-and-Ergonomics-Society CY 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Human Factors & Ergonom Soc AB The requirement to evaluate the differential impacts of simulator sickness on performance assessments was explored. Simulator sickness and performance data were analyzed in two phases that indicated: 1) an experimental display condition by age interaction with regard to development of simulator sickness; and 2) associated detrimental effects of simulator sickness on performance. Arguably, these results may be quite disturbing to users, and past users, of simulators for system and other Development, Test and Evaluation efforts (DT&Es). The utility of simulator sickness measures as covariates, in the analysis of performance effects, is demonstrated as a means for their assessment and statistical control. It is strongly recommended that researchers explore and control the potential confounding effects of simulator sickness in order to assure meaningful performance assessments. RP Bittner, AC (reprint author), BATTELLE SEATTLE RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 BN 0-945289-07-3 PY 1997 BP 1089 EP 1093 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering; Computer Science GA BJ82J UT WOS:A1997BJ82J00238 ER PT B AU Alexoff, DL King, P Gatley, SJ AF Alexoff, DL King, P Gatley, SJ GP 1996 INT SYMP LAB AUTOMAT & ROBOT TI Robotic control of whole blood processing in functional brain imaging research SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LABORATORY AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics (ISLAR 96) CY OCT 20-23, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA AB Clinical and basic research protocols using functional imaging techniques like Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET) often require a significant personnel commitment to the sampling and processing of whole blood samples from human and non-human primate subjects. Blood gas, plasma glucose, and radioactivity concentrations must be determined in a large number of samples for each imaging study. Faced with the specter of decreasing research operating budgets and the anticipated addition of a second tomograph, our laboratory has begun investigating the utility of using laboratory robots to carry out some of these routine clinical laboratory tasks. This work describes the routine clinical laboratory tasks supporting PET research at our laboratory and how we have begun to automate these tasks using a commercially available laboratory robot system. The system is based on standard components of Zymark Corporation's (Hopkinton, MA. USA) PyTechnology system. The only custom hardware component developed was a Py-compatible Na-I crystal well-type radiation counting station. No other custom robot hardware was used. All software was developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. An algorithmic approach to solving the problem of pipetting plasma from small-volume whole blood samples (<.4mL) is described. The system automatically centrifuges small-volume whole blood samples, pipettes and weighs plasma, and assays 511 KeV photon radioactivity in the plasma. Steady state robotic throughput is 14.3 samples/hour for autosampled whole blood, about one-third the throughput of an experienced laboratory worker. The average plasma weight obtained from auto-sampled baboon (Papio anubus) whole blood is 52.3 mg +/- 5% rad for a hematocrit of 40. Simulation results suggest that sufficient plasma for radioactivity counting can be obtained free of cells from as little as 0.2 mL of whole blood using an intelligent pipetting algorithm. RP Alexoff, DL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ZYMARK CORP PI HOPKINTON PA ZYMARK CTR, HOPKINTON, MA 01748 BN 0-931565-14-6 PY 1997 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BJ23J UT WOS:A1997BJ23J00104 ER PT B AU You, H Tanzer, JA Nagy, Z Gaburro, Z Babic, D AF You, H Tanzer, JA Nagy, Z Gaburro, Z Babic, D BE Schmuki, P Lockwood, DJ Isaacs, H Bsiesy, A TI Growth and luminescence of porous silicon: x-ray and photo luminescence measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PITS AND PORES: FORMATION, PROPERTIES, AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR ADVANCED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pits and Pores, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc RP You, H (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-134-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 7 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK03G UT WOS:A1997BK03G00018 ER PT B AU Isaacs, HS Kaneko, M AF Isaacs, HS Kaneko, M BE Schmuki, P Lockwood, DJ Isaacs, H Bsiesy, A TI A study of the behavior of bromide in artificial pits using in situ x-ray microprobe analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PITS AND PORES: FORMATION, PROPERTIES, AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR ADVANCED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pits and Pores, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc AB An in situ x-ray microprobe analysis of Type 316 stainless steel artificial pits has been carried out with bromide/chloride solution. A high intensity 8 mu m diameter polychromatic x-ray beam was scanned across the steel/solution interface within the artificial pit. The resulting re-ray fluorescence was analyzed using an energy dispersive x-ray detector. In contrast to the light Cl atom, Br could be detected, making it possible to monitor the behavior of halides in the artificial pits and in the salt layer at the interface. It was found that Br was more active than Cl. At high potentials, elemental Br was produced as an oxidation product, whereas without added bromide, chloride only formed a salt layer. Br also concentrated at the salt/steel interface at potentials below where it was oxidized. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-134-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 7 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK03G UT WOS:A1997BK03G00030 ER PT B AU Wilson, WD Schaldach, CM AF Wilson, WD Schaldach, CM BE Schmuki, P Lockwood, DJ Isaacs, H Bsiesy, A TI Cl- adsorption on an Al2O3 surface in an electrolyte SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PITS AND PORES: FORMATION, PROPERTIES, AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR ADVANCED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pits and Pores, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc AB We present a method for calculating the minimum energy configurations of atomic and molecular species adsorbing on defected solid surfaces in the presence of an electrolyte. The method couples a quantum region containing the adsorbing atom or molecule and neighboring lattice atoms to a continuum which may contain a real charge. A ''molecular'' surface surrounds the quantum zone, discretized into boundary elements facilitating the coupling of the Schrodinger and Poisson equations. The interfacial polarization created by the electrons in this zone, (from the Poisson equation using Green's functions) is incorporated into the Hamiltonian providing a reaction field for the next iteration quantum calculation. Lattice defects induce single and double layers of charge at the interface, treated as additional background charges in the Hamiltonian. We find that these polarization effects can reduce the binding energy of the Cl- and that a charged defect can displace the minimum and well depth of an adsorbing Cl-. RP Wilson, WD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94566, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-134-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 7 BP 481 EP 492 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK03G UT WOS:A1997BK03G00043 ER PT B AU Gat, U AF Gat, U GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Safe actinide disposition in molten salt reactors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Safe molten salt reactors (MSR) can readily accommodate the burning of all fissile actinides. Only minor compromises associated with plutonium are required. The MSRs can dispose safely of actinides and long lived isotopes to result in safer and simpler waste. Disposing of actinides in MSRs does increase the source term of a safety optimized MSR. It is concluded that the burning and transmutation of actinides in MSRs can be done in a safe manner. Development is needed for the processing to handle and separate the actinides. Calculations are needed to establish the neutron economy and the fuel management. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gat, U (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 74 EP 77 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800010 ER PT B AU Rempe, JL Wolf, JR AF Rempe, JL Wolf, JR GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Experimental and analytical programs investigating cooling of a continuous mass of relocated debris SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The coolability of a continuous mass of primarily ceramic debris after relocation from the core to a lower plenum filed with water is being investigated. Because of the potential impact that improved debris cooling models may have on severe accident analyses, the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and other research organizations have proposed analytical and experimental programs to address debris coolability questions. Stress and thermal analysis results from INEL scoping calculations are summarized in this paper. Insights gained from these calculations related to debris coolability test material composition, decay heat, debris heat flux, and pressure are used to compare debris coolability research programs proposed by various organizations. C1 Lockheed Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rempe, JL (reprint author), Lockheed Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 135 EP 141 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800018 ER PT B AU Sha, WT Chien, TH Sun, JG Chao, BT AF Sha, WT Chien, TH Sun, JG Chao, BT GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Analysis of large scale tests for AP-600 passive containment cooling system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB All next-generation light water reactors utilize passive systems to remove heat via natural circulation and are significantly different from past and current nuclear plant designs. One unique feature of the AP-600 is its passive containment cooling system (PCCS), which is designed to maintain containment pressure below the design limit for 72 hours without action by the reactor operator. During a design-basis accident, i.e., either a loss-of-coolant or a main steam-line break accident, steam escapes and comes in contact with the much cooler containment vessel wall. Heat is transfer ren to the inside surface of the steel containment wall by convection and condensation of steam and through the containment steel wall by conduction. Heat is then transferred from the outside of the containment surface by heating and evaporation of a thin liquid film that is formed by applying wafer at the top of the containment vessel dome. Air in the annular space is heated by both convection and injection of steam from the evaporating liquid film. The heated air and vapor rise as a result of natural circulation and exit the shield building through the outlets above the containment shell. All of the analytical models that are developed for and used in the COMMIX-ID code for predicting performance of rite PCCS will be described. These models cover governing conservation equations for multicomponents single phase flow: transport equations for the k-epsilon two-equation turbulence model, auxiliary equations, liquid-film tracking model for both inside (condensate) and outside (evaporating liquid film) surfaces of the containment vessel wall, thermal coupling between flow domains inside and outside the containment vessel, and heat and mass transfer models. Various key parameters of the COMMIX-ID results and corresponding AP-600 PCCS experimental data are compared and the agreement is good. Significant findings from this study are summarized. C1 ANL E, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sha, WT (reprint author), ANL E, ET-308, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 199 EP 216 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800024 ER PT B AU Forsberg, CW Kress, T AF Forsberg, CW Kress, T GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Underground reactor containments: An option for the future? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Changing world conditions and changing technologies suggest that serious consideration should be given to siting of nuclear power plants underground. Underground siting is not a new concept. Multiple research reactors, several weapons production reactors, and one power reactor have been built underground. What is new are the technologies and incentives that may now make underground siting a preferred option. The conditions and technologies, along with their implications, are discussed herein. Underground containments can be constructed in mined cavities or pits that are then backfilled with thick layers of rock and soil. Conventional above-ground containments resist assaults and accidents because of the strength of their construction materials and the effectiveness of their safety features that are engineered to reduce loads. However, underground containments can provide even more resistance to assaults and accidents because of the inertia of the mass of materials over the reactor. High-technology weapons or some internal accidents can cause existing strong-material containments to fail, but only very-high energy releases can move large inertial masses associated with underground containments. New methods of isolation may provide a higher confidence in isolation that is independent of operator action. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 329 EP 336 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800040 ER PT B AU Gat, U Dodds, HL AF Gat, U Dodds, HL GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Molten salt reactors - Safety options galore SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Safety features and attributes of molten salt reactors (MSR) are described. The unique features of fluid fuel reactors of on-line continuous processing and the ability for so-called external cooling result in simple and safe designs with low excess reactivity, low fission product inventory, and small source term. These, in turn, make a criticality accident unlikely and reduce the severity of a loss of coolant to where they are no longer severe accidents. A melt down is not an accident for a reactor that uses molten fuel. The molten salts are stable, non-reactive and efficient heat transfer media that operate at high temperatures at low pressures and are highly compatible with selected structural materials. All these features reduce the accident plethora. Freeze valves can be used for added safety. An ultimate safe reactor (U.S.R) is described with safety features that are passive, inherent and non-tamperable (PINT). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gat, U (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 351 EP 355 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800043 ER PT B AU Williams, KA Miller, JW Reid, RL AF Williams, KA Miller, JW Reid, RL GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI A comparative assessment of the economics of plutonium disposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fissile Materials Disposition (DOE/MD) has been evaluating three technologies for the disposition of approximately 50 metric tons of surplus plutonium from defense-related programs: reactors, immobilization, and deep boreholes. As part of the process supporting an early CY 1997 Record of Decision (ROD), a comprehensive assessment of technical viability, cost, and schedule has been conducted by DOE/MD and its national laboratory contractors. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has managed and coordinated the life-cycle cost (LCC) assessment effort for this program. This paper discusses the economic analysis methodology and the results prior to ROD. A secondary intent of the paper is to discuss major technical and economic issues that impact cost and schedule. The reactor option is technically mature as evidenced by the use of mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel in Europe. The use of MOX made from weapons-grade plutonium in the United States has many institutional and political issues that heavily impact cost and schedule. Among these are the following: (1) use of existing U.S. or Canadian reactors, partially complete reactors, or new reactors; (2) ownership of MOX fuel facilities in the United States; (3) licensing of new facilities; (4) monetary or other incentives to utility-reactor owners needed for utility participation; (5) public acceptance of MOX transportation and use; and (6) the future market for electrical energy generated by nuclear power and the potential for revenues to offset plutonium disposition costs (for government-owned reactors). The immobilization option cost issues are coupled more tightly to the process design and the ultimate outcome of the ongoing research and development programs. The cost of disposing of the glass or ceramic immobilized form in a federal repository will also depend on the results of the qualification program for these new waste forms. The deep borehole direct-disposal option could have attractive LCCs if no institutional issues impact the cost or schedule for this option. Based on experience with the proposed Yucca Mountain Project for spent fuel and defense waste disposal and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant for transuranic waste, the possibilities for difficulties with site selection and qualification are considerable. To evaluate the economics of these technologies on an equitable basis, a set of cost-estimating guidelines and a common cost-estimating format were utilized by all three technology teams. This paper also includes the major economic analysis assumptions and the comparative constant-dollar and discounted-dollar LCCs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Williams, KA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9102-1, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 411 EP 420 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800051 ER PT B AU Cho, DH Armstrong, DR Gunther, WH Basu, S AF Cho, DH Armstrong, DR Gunther, WH Basu, S GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI An experimental study of steam explosions involving chemically reactive metal SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID WATER AB An experimental study of molten zirconium-water explosions was conducted. A 1-kg mass of zirconium melt was dropped into a column of water. Explosions took place only when an external trigger was used. In the triggered tests, the extent of oxidation of the zirconium melt was very extensive. However, the explosion energetics estimated were found to be very small compared to the potential chemical energy available from the oxidation reaction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cho, DH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 521 EP 528 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800063 ER PT B AU Hoffheins, BS McKnight, TE Lauf, RJ James, RE Smith, RR AF Hoffheins, BS McKnight, TE Lauf, RJ James, RE Smith, RR GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Evaluation of a hydrogen sensor for nuclear reactor containment monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Measurement of hydrogen (H-2) concentration in containment atmospheres in nuclear plants is a key safety capability. Current technologies require extensive sampling systems and subsequent maintenance and calibration costs can be very expensive. A new hydrogen sensor has been developed that is small and potentially inexpensive to install and maintain. Its size and low power requirement make it suitable in distributed systems for pinpointing hydrogen buildup. This paper will address the first phase of a testing program conducted to evaluate this sensor for operation in reactor containments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hoffheins, BS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 609 EP 616 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800072 ER PT B AU West, CD AF West, CD GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Research reactors - An overview SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP West, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 629 EP 639 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800074 ER PT B AU Dabbs, RD Cook, DH AF Dabbs, RD Cook, DH GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Applying x-ray digital imaging to the verification of cadmium in fuel-storage components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The High Flux Isotope Reactor utilizes large underwater fuel-storage arrays to stage irradiated fuel before it is shipped from the facility. Cadmium is required as a thermal neutron absorber in these fuel-storage arrays to produce an acceptable margin of nuclear subcriticality during both normal and off-normal operating conditions. Due to incomplete documentation from the time of their fabrication (as early as the mid 1960s), the presence of cadmium within two stainless-steel parts of fuel-storage components (shroud assemblies) removed from old fuel-storage arrays must be experimentally verified before they are reused in new fuel-storage arrays. A cadmium-verification program has been developed in association with the Waste Examination and Assay Facility located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to nondestructively examine these older shroud assemblies. The program includes the following elements (1) x-ray analog imaging, (2) x-ray digital imaging, (3) prompt-gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements, and (4) neutron-transmission measurements. Combining the results of these four program elements provides a high assurance that cadmium is both present and remains in its design configuration. X-ray digital imaging utilizes an analog-to-digital convertor to record attenuated x-ray intensities observed on a florescent detector by a video camera. These x-ray intensities are utilized in expressions for cadmium thickness based upon x-ray attenuation theory. The thickness expressions require known x-ray attenuation coefficients, x-ray intensities obtained from both the tested shroud assembly and shroud assemblies (standards) of known construction, and other geometrical parameters. X-ray digital imaging has been applied to successfully estimate the cadmium thicknesses in several older shroud assemblies with no damage to them. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dabbs, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 657 EP 664 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800077 ER PT B AU Rothrock, RB Hale, RE Cheverton, RD AF Rothrock, RB Hale, RE Cheverton, RD GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI High flux isotope reactor power upgrade status SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB A return to 100-MW operation is being planned for the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Recent improvements in fuel element manufacturing procedures and inspection equipment will be exploited to reduce "hot spot" and "hot streak" factors sufficiently to permit the power upgrade without an increase in primary coolant pressure. Fresh fuel elements already fabricated for future use are being evaluated individually for power upgrade potential based on their measured coolant channel dimensions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rothrock, RB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 679 EP 684 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800080 ER PT B AU Forsberg, CW Parker, GW Rudolph, JC Osborne-Lee, IW Kenton, MA AF Forsberg, CW Parker, GW Rudolph, JC Osborne-Lee, IW Kenton, MA GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI COMSORS: A light water reactor chemical core catcher SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The Core-Melt Source Reduction System (COMSORS) is a new approach to terminate light-water reactor (LWR) core-melt accidents and ensure containment integrity. A special dissolution glass made of lead oxide (PbO) and boron oxide (B2O3) is placed under the reactor vessel. If molten core debris is released onto the glass, the following sequence happens: (1) the glass absorbs decay heat as its temperature increases and the glass softens; (2) the core debris dissolves into the molten glass; (3) molten glass convective currents create a homogeneous high-level waste (HLW) glass; (4) the molten glass spreads into a wider pool, distributing the heat for removal by radiation to the reactor cavity above or transfer to water on top of the molten glass; and (5) the glass solidifies as increased surface cooling area and decreasing radioactive decay heat generation allows heat removal to exceed heat generation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 687 EP 696 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800081 ER PT B AU Korsah, K Antonescu, CE Tanaka, TJ Wood, RT AF Korsah, K Antonescu, CE Tanaka, TJ Wood, RT GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Technical basis for environmental qualification of computer-based safety systems in nuclear power plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB This paper summarizes the results of research sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to provide the technical basis for environmental qualification of computer-based safety equipment in nuclear power plants. This research was conducted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). ORNL investigated potential failure modes and vulnerabilities of microprocessor-based technologies to environmental stressors, including electromagnetic/radio-frequency interference, temperature, humidity, and smoke exposure. An experimental digital safety channel (EDSC) was constructed for the tests. SNL performed smoke exposure tests on digital components and circuit boards to determine failure mechanisms and the effect of different packaging techniques on smoke susceptibility. These studies are expected to provide recommendations fur environmental qualification of digital safety systems by addressing the following: (1) adequacy of the present preferred test methods for qualification of digital I&C systems; (2) preferred standards; (3) recommended stressors to be included in the qualification process during type testing; (4) resolution of need for accelerated aging in qualification testing for equipment that is to be located in mild environments; and (5) determination of an appropriate approach to address smoke in a qualification program. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Korsah, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 754 EP 758 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800089 ER PT B AU Battle, RE Turner, GW Vandermolen, RI Vitalbo, C Naser, J AF Battle, RE Turner, GW Vandermolen, RI Vitalbo, C Naser, J GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Test and verification of a reactor protection system application-specific integrated circuit SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) were utilized in the design of nuclear plant safety systems because they have certain advantages over software-based systems and analog-based systems. An advantage they have over software-based systems is that an ASIC design can be simple enough to not include branch statements and also can be thoroughly tested. A circuit card on which an ASIC is mounted can be configured to replace various versions of older analog equipment with fewer design types required. The approach to design and testing of ASICs for safety system applications is discussed in this paper. Included are discussions of the ASIC architecture, how it is structured to assist testing, and of the functional and enhanced circuit testing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Battle, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 767 EP 771 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800091 ER PT B AU Kercel, SW Korsah, K Wood, RT AF Kercel, SW Korsah, K Wood, RT GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Susceptibility of digital instrumentation and control systems to disruption by electromagnetic interference SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The potential for disruption of safety-related digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems by electromagnetic interference/radio-frequency interference (EMI/RFI) bears directly on the safe operation of advanced reactors. It is anticipated that the use of digital I&C equipment for safety and control functions will be substantially greater for advanced reactor designs than for current-generation nuclear reactors, which primarily use analog I&C equipment. In the absence of significant operational experience, the best available indication of the potential vulnerability of advanced digital safety systems to EMI/RFI comes from environmental testing of an experimental digital safety channel (EDSC) by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The EDSC is a prototypical system representative of advanced reactor safety system designs with regard to architecture, functionality and communication protocols, and board and component fabrication technologies. An understanding of the electromagnetic environment to be expected for advanced reactors can be drawn from ORNL's survey of ambient EMI/RFI conditions in the current generation of nuclear power plants. A summary of the results from these research efforts is reported in this paper. The lessons learned from the EMI/RFI survey and the EDSC tests contribute significantly to determining the best approach to assuring electromagnetic compatibility for the safety-related I&C systems of advanced reactors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 772 EP 778 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800092 ER PT B AU Wood, RT Mullens, JA Naser, JA AF Wood, RT Mullens, JA Naser, JA GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI The plant-window system: A framework for an integrated computing environment at advanced nuclear power plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Power plant data, and the information that can be derived from it, provide the link to the plant through which the operations, maintenance and engineering staff understand and manage plant performance. The extensive use of computer technology in advanced reactor designs provides the opportunity to greatly expand the capability to obtain, analyze, and present data about the plant to station personnel. However, to support highly efficient and increasingly safe operation of nuclear power plants, it is necessary to transform the vast quantity of available data into clear, concise, and coherent information that can be readily accessed and used throughout the plant. This need can be met by an integrated computer workstation environment that provides the necessary information and software applications, in a manner that can be easily understood and used. to the proper users throughout the plant. As part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with the Electric Power Research Institute, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed functional requirements for a Plant-Wide Integrated Environment Distributed On Workstations (Plant-Window) System. The Plant-Window System (PWS) can serve the needs of operations, engineering, and maintenance personnel at nuclear power stations by providing integrated data and software applications (e.g., monitoring, analysis, diagnosis, and control) within a common computing environment. The PWS requirements identify functional capabilities and provide guidelines for standardized hardware, software, and display interfaces so as to define a flexible computing environment for both current generation nuclear power plants and advanced reactor designs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wood, RT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 3500,MS 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 779 EP 786 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800093 ER PT B AU Tanaka, TJ Anderson, DJ AF Tanaka, TJ Anderson, DJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Circuit bridging of digital equipment caused by smoke from a cable fire SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Advanced reactor systems are likely to use protection systems with digital electronics that ideally should be resistant to environmental hazards, including smoke from possible cable fires. Previous smoke tests have shown that digital safety systems can fail even at relatively low levels of smoke density and that short-term failures are likely to be caused by circuit bridging. Experiments were performed to examine these failures, with a focus on component packaging and protection schemes. Circuit bridging, which causes increased leakage currents and arcs, was gauged by measuring leakage currents among the leads of component packages. The resistance among circuit leads typically varies over a wide range, depending on the nature of the circuitry between the pins, bias conditions, circuit board material, etc. Resistance between leads can be as low as 20 k Omega and still be good, depending on the component. For these tests, we chose a printed circuit beard and components that normally have an interlead resistance above 10(12) Omega, but if the circuit is exposed to smoke, circuit bridging causes the resistance to fall below 10(3) Omega. Plated-through-hole (PTH) and surface-mounted (SMT) packages were exposed to a series of different smoke environments using a mixture of environmentally qualified cables for fuel. Conformal coatings and enclosures were tested as circuit protection methods. High fuel levels, high humidity, and high flaming burns were the conditions most likely to cause circuit bridging. The inexpensive conformal coating that was tested-an acrylic spray-reduced leakage currents, but enclosure in a chassis with a fan did not. PTH packages were more resistant to smoke-induced circuit bridging than SMT packages. Active components failed most often in tests where the leakage currents were high, but failure did not always accompany high leakage currents. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tanaka, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 787 EP 795 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800094 ER PT B AU Hodge, SA Ott, LJ AF Hodge, SA Ott, LJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Interpretation of the XR2-1 experiment and characteristics of the BWR lower plenum debris bed SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The NRC-sponsored Ex-Reactor (XR) experiments have been conducted at Sandia National Laboratories to develop information necessary to advance the understanding of BWR severe accident melt progression events. The recent XR2-1 experiment addresses the fate of the initial large (code-predicted) movements of molten metals from the upper core to the lower core and core plate region. For this question, which has important ramifications with respect to the potential for blockage formation in the core region, the XR2-1 test results provide many significant and perhaps definitive insights. Nevertheless, some of the events that occurred during this test are creatures of the special features of the test apparatus, and there is a clear potential for misconceptions with respect to the direct applicability of some of the results. This paper describes the conclusions that can rightfully be drawn from the XR2-1 experiment results and identifies those areas (such as fuel pellet stack collapse and core plate integrity) where care must be taken not to misconstrue the test events. Another important area where much recent work has been performed is the effort to analyze the potential for maintaining core debris within the reactor vessel lower plenum by cooling of the outer vessel wall. One of the first steps in such an analytical endeavor is to attempt to establish the pattern of energy transfers into the wall inner surface. As a prerequisite to determination of this pattern, it is necessary to first consider the nature of the debris within the lower plenum. Too often is an easily represented homogeneous circulating liquid pool incorporated without adequate consideration of the true material conditions. Basic considerations of the relative quantities of materials present, the potentials for eutectics formations, and the associated melting points dictate otherwise. This paper offers some insights as to the true nature of the lower plenum debris and discusses the need for some relatively simple experiments that would contribute much toward the basic understanding necessary for accurate debris characterization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hodge, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 905 EP 912 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800108 ER PT B AU Sanders, RL AF Sanders, RL GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI A novel MELCOR modeling approach for BWR applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Even though improvements in modeling the phenomena that occur in the lower plenum have been made, the MELCOR user must decide on the physical events that are to be modeled and create the corresponding input. In addition to the standard modeling techniques, the flexibility of MELCOR allows for nontraditional modeling as well. For typical BWR applications, the user establishes concentric radial rings for the COR Package. In theory, each ring should be composed of a channel (within the channel box walls) and a bypass (the volume region outside, the channel box walls) with each region containing both fluid and structures. However, in MELCOR 1.8.3 and earlier versions, the COR Package allows particulate debris to relocate only inside the channel box walls, using a volume equivalent to the channel and bypass fluid volumes. The consequences of this modeling approach with respect to the combined channel and bypass volumes produces two anomalies in the BWR calculation, particularly for boildown sequences. The first is that the CVH Package will calculate inaccurate channel and bypass water levels for the core region, which can significantly affect predicted metal-water reaction rates. The other is that lack of separation of the channel and bypass volumes will cause an artificially large flow area through the core plate, which can lead to inaccurately determined core plate failure times and unrealistic pressure transients in the lower plenum. In an effort to mitigate the consequences of the current COR package treatment of BWR channel and bypass volumes, an atypical way of modeling the core region by doubling the number of rings so that each ring represents only a channel or bypass region has been developed and has been shown to be beneficial. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sanders, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 929 EP 936 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800111 ER PT B AU Ball, SJ Nypaver, DJ Wichner, RP AF Ball, SJ Nypaver, DJ Wichner, RP GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI An ORNL code for gas-cooled reactor simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB An interactive workstation-based simulation code for studying postulated severe accidents in gas-cooled reactors has been developed to accommodate user-generated plant design input with "smart front-end" checking. New code features include on- and off-line plotting, on-line help and documentation, and an automated sensitivity study option. The code and its predecessors have been validated using comparisons with a variety of experimental data and similar codes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ball, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 961 EP 964 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800115 ER PT B AU Siman-Tov, M Wendel, M Haines, J Rogers, M AF Siman-Tov, M Wendel, M Haines, J Rogers, M GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Thermal-hydraulic analysis of the liquid mercury target for the National Spallation Neutron Source SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) is a high-energy, accelerator-based spallation neutron source being designed by a multi-laboratory team led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to achieve very high fluxes of neutrons for scientific experiments. The NSNS is proposed to have a 1 MW beam of high-energy (similar to 1 GeV) protons upgradable to 5 MW and operating at 60 Hz with a pulse duration of 0.5 Cts Peak steady-state power density in the target is about 640 MW/m(3) for 1 MW, whereas the pulse instantaneous peak power density is as high as 22,000 GW/m(3). The local peak temperature rise for a single pulse over it's time-averaged value is only 6 degrees C, but the rate of this temperature rise during the pulse is extremely fast (similar to 12 million degrees C/s). In addition to the resulting thermal shock and materials compatibility concerns, key feasibility issues for the target are related to its thermal-hydraulic performance. These include proper flow distribution, flow reversals and stagnation zones, possible "hot spots", cooling of the beam "window", and the challenge of mitigating the effects of thermal shock through possible inject;on of helium bubbles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Siman-Tov, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 1054 EP 1065 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800127 ER PT B AU Gabriel, TA Barnes, JM Charlton, LA Distefano, J Farrell, K Haines, J Johnson, JO Mansur, LK Pawel, SJ Siman-Tov, M Taleyarkhan, R Wendel, MW Booth, RS Mcmanamy, TJ Rennich, MJ Sharp, W AF Gabriel, TA Barnes, JM Charlton, LA Distefano, J Farrell, K Haines, J Johnson, JO Mansur, LK Pawel, SJ Siman-Tov, M Taleyarkhan, R Wendel, MW Booth, RS Mcmanamy, TJ Rennich, MJ Sharp, W GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Overview of the NSNS target station SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The technologies that are being utilized to design and build a state-of-the-art neutron spallation source, die National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS), are discussed. Emphasis is given to the technology issues that present the greatest scientific challenges. The present facility configuration, ongoing analysis and the planned hardware research and development program are also described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gabriel, TA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 1066 EP 1076 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800128 ER PT B AU Taleyarkhan, RP Kim, SH Haines, JH AF Taleyarkhan, RP Kim, SH Haines, JH GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Thermal-shock assessments for National Spallation Neutron Source target system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON ADVANCED REACTORS SAFETY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Topical Meeting on Advanced Reactors Safety (ARS 97) CY JUN 01-05, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Installat Safety Div, Atomic Energy Soc Japan, Canadian Nucl Soc, Korea Nucl Soc, European Nucl Soc, US DOE, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB A perspective overview is provided on preliminary observations from simulations of thermal shock in the National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) at various power levels. Significant damage potential to structures may be present only at high (5-MW) power levels which may require inclusion of mitigative features. The simulation framework being utilized and under development is presented. Focused experiments are being conducted to derive key benchmarking data for the simulation framework as also for timely resolution of key design and operational-safety issues. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taleyarkhan, RP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-624-1 PY 1997 BP 1077 EP 1084 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN82R UT WOS:000083104800129 ER PT B AU Moore, KR Blain, PC Caffrey, MP Franz, RC Henneke, KM Jones, RG AF Moore, KR Blain, PC Caffrey, MP Franz, RC Henneke, KM Jones, RG BE Alspector, J Goodman, R Brown, TX TI A space-based radio frequency transient event classifier SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3 SE INTERNATIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Application of Neural Networks to Telecommunications (IWANNT 97) CY JUN 09-11, 1997 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Commun Soc, Telstra AB The FORTE' (Fast On-Orbit Recording of Transient Events) satellite will record RF transients in space. These transients will be classified onboard the spacecraft with an Event Classifier specialized-hardware that performs signal preprocessing and neural network classification. We describe the Event Classifier requirements, scientific constraints, design and implementation. RP Moore, KR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NIS-1-D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 BN 0-8058-2900-8 J9 INT NEUR NETW SOC S PY 1997 VL 3 BP 198 EP 206 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BH84S UT WOS:A1997BH84S00024 ER PT B AU Tilden, MW Frigo, JR Moore, KR AF Tilden, MW Frigo, JR Moore, KR BE Alspector, J Goodman, R Brown, TX TI A novel microsatellite control system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3 SE INTERNATIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Application of Neural Networks to Telecommunications (IWANNT 97) CY JUN 09-11, 1997 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Commun Soc, Telstra AB We are researching extremely simple yet quite capable analog pulse-coded neural networks for ''smaller - faster - cheaper'' spacecraft attitude and control systems. We will demonstrate a prototype microsatellite that uses our novel control system to autonomously stabilize itself in the ambient magnetic field and point itself at the brightest available light source. Though still in design infancy, the ''Nervous Net'' controllers described could allow for space missions not currently possible given conventional satellite hardware. Results, prospects, and details are presented. RP Tilden, MW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,P-21-D454,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 BN 0-8058-2900-8 J9 INT NEUR NETW SOC S PY 1997 VL 3 BP 256 EP 264 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BH84S UT WOS:A1997BH84S00031 ER PT B AU Perdreauville, F Jones, E Rosenthal, R Wardlaw, R AF Perdreauville, F Jones, E Rosenthal, R Wardlaw, R GP INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGAT INST NAVIGAT TI GPS fast acquisition direct to Y-code in the presence of dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING - NAVIGATION AND POSITIONING IN THE INFORMATION AGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ION National Meeting on Navigation and Positioning in the Information Age CY JAN 14-16, 1997 CL SANTA MONICA, CA SP Inst Navigat AB Fast Global Positioning System (GPS) acquisition, direct to Y-code during dynamic conditions of motion was demonstrated on a rocket sled. First solution under static conditions have been obtained consistently in 4 seconds. First solution on the sled was obtained in less than 6 seconds during a constant velocity phase that followed an initialization process and a 23g boost to 1066 feet per second. The initialization procedure was designed to be compatible with rapid preparation and fire-and-forget operational doctrine. This accomplishment demonstrated a capability that was part of a program to develop technologies applicable to low cost guidance for tactical munitions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perdreauville, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 1997 BP 793 EP 796 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BK05J UT WOS:000071004000077 ER PT B AU Adamson, MG Ebbinghaus, BB Hsu, PC AF Adamson, MG Ebbinghaus, BB Hsu, PC BE Spear, KE TI Thermodynamics of metal volatility and speciation in the molten salt oxidation of organic-based radioactive wastes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Temperature Materials Chemistry (HTMC IX) CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL PENN STATE, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Inorgan Chem Div, Commiss II 3 High Temperature, Mat & Solid State Chem, Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat Div HO PENN STATE RP Adamson, MG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-190-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 39 BP 276 EP 277 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BK03T UT WOS:A1997BK03T00035 ER PT B AU Williamson, MA Schake, B AF Williamson, MA Schake, B BE Spear, KE TI High temperature chemistry of plutonium oxychloride SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Temperature Materials Chemistry (HTMC IX) CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL PENN STATE, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Inorgan Chem Div, Commiss II 3 High Temperature, Mat & Solid State Chem, Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat Div HO PENN STATE RP Williamson, MA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAIL STOP M730,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-190-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 39 BP 296 EP 297 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BK03T UT WOS:A1997BK03T00038 ER PT B AU Veirs, DK Heiple, CR Rosenblatt, GM Baiardo, JP AF Veirs, DK Heiple, CR Rosenblatt, GM Baiardo, JP BE Spear, KE TI Measuring gas composition and pressure within sealed containers using acoustic resonance spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Temperature Materials Chemistry (HTMC IX) CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL PENN STATE, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Inorgan Chem Div, Commiss II 3 High Temperature, Mat & Solid State Chem, Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat Div HO PENN STATE AB We have been investigating the application of acoustic resonance spectroscopy as a noninvasive method to monitor changes in gas composition and pressure in sealed containers. Our work is motivated by observations that, under some conditions, interim or long-term storage of plutonium-containing metal, oxide, or residues within hermetically sealed containers may result in pressure buildup and changes in gas composition. In our experiments a drum-like gas cavity is formed within a cylindrical container. Sound waves are excited using a piezoelectric transducer mounted on the outside of the container. The frequency response spectrum contains a series of peaks whose positions and widths depend upon the composition of the gas and the geometry of the cylindrical resonator; the intensities vary with the gas pressure. Comparing the frequency of observed gas resonances with theory gives excellent agreement. Small changes in gas composition, better than 1:1000, are readily measurable. RP Veirs, DK (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV NUCL MAT TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-190-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 39 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BK03T UT WOS:A1997BK03T00041 ER PT B AU Lexa, D Kematick, RJ Myers, CE AF Lexa, D Kematick, RJ Myers, CE BE Spear, KE TI The activity of cobalt and silicon in the Co-Si system with special focus on the alpha-Co solid solution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on High Temperature Materials Chemistry (HTMC IX) CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL PENN STATE, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Inorgan Chem Div, Commiss II 3 High Temperature, Mat & Solid State Chem, Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat Div HO PENN STATE AB The activities of cobalt and silicon at 1463 K have been determined across the whole composition range in the Co - Si system, including the alpha - Co solid solution, for which no activity data were previously available. Simple and reactive Knudsen effusion mass spectroscopy employed in this work were shown to successfully overcome problems normally encountered in studying high-temperature solid binary systems, such as slow equilibration and low partial pressures of the components. The composition dependence of the cobalt activities within the alpha - Co solid solution phase was used to calculate the self-interaction coefficients of silicon in alpha - Co: In gamma(Si)(infinity) = -10.4 +/- 0.2 and epsilon(Si)((Si)) = 18.6 +/- 0.8. The regular solution model was shown to be a fairly good description of the alpha - Co solid solution, with an energy parameter Z(CoSi) of -120 +/- 5 kJ.mol(-1). The results compare well with literature data on similar systems, such as Fe - Si and Ni - Si. RP Lexa, D (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-190-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 39 BP 666 EP 673 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BK03T UT WOS:A1997BK03T00084 ER PT B AU Fleddermann, CB Hebner, GA AF Fleddermann, CB Hebner, GA BE Meyyappan, M Economou, DJ Butler, SW TI Positive and negative chlorine ion kinetics in inductively-coupled Cl-2/BCl3 plasmas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROCESS CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS, AND MODELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Control, Diagnostics and Modeling in Semiconductor Manufacturing, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Lam Res Corp, Fremont CA, Texas Instruments Inc AB Discharges in gas mixtures of Cl-2, BCl3, Ar, and N-2, are widely used by the integrated circuit industry for metal etching, but are as yet not well understood. This is especially true in inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) sources which are rapidly becoming the industry standard for etching tools. An essential parameter that must be measured in these tools is the density of ions, both positive and negative, formed in the plasma. In the work presented here, LIF and laser photodetachment were used to measure relative metastable chlorine ion (Cl+*) density and temperature, and absolute Cl- density as a function of gas mixture. RP Fleddermann, CB (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-136-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 9 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BJ30U UT WOS:A1997BJ30U00017 ER PT B AU Meeks, E Ho, P Buss, R AF Meeks, E Ho, P Buss, R BE Meyyappan, M Economou, DJ Butler, SW TI Modeling aluminum etch chemistry in high density plasmas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROCESS CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS, AND MODELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Control, Diagnostics and Modeling in Semiconductor Manufacturing, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Lam Res Corp, Fremont CA, Texas Instruments Inc AB We have assembled a chemical reaction mechanism that describes the BCl3/Cl-2/Ar plasma etch of Al metallization layers. The reaction set for gasphase and surface processes was derived either from literature data or estimated from data on related systems. A well-mixed reactor model was used to develop the mechanism and test it against experimental measurements of plasma species and etch-rates in processing reactors. Finally, use of reduced chemistry mechanisms are demonstrated in 2-D simulations for a complex reactor geometry. RP Meeks, E (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-136-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 9 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BJ30U UT WOS:A1997BJ30U00034 ER PT B AU Allendorf, MD Arsenlis, A Bastasz, R Evans, GH Larson, RS Schulberg, MT AF Allendorf, MD Arsenlis, A Bastasz, R Evans, GH Larson, RS Schulberg, MT BE Meyyappan, M Economou, DJ Butler, SW TI Deposition of titanium nitride films in a stagnation flow reactor and comparison with model predictions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PROCESS CONTROL, DIAGNOSTICS, AND MODELING IN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Control, Diagnostics and Modeling in Semiconductor Manufacturing, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Lam Res Corp, Fremont CA, Texas Instruments Inc AB We describe the deposition of TiN films from TiCl4/NH3 mixtures to provide data for comparison with a previously developed model describing TiN CVD from these reactants. A new stagnation-flow reactor was employed in the experiments is described. Deposition rates were measured as a function of input reactant concentration and are found to be in good agreement with predictions of the model. In addition to measurements of deposition rates, low-energy ion scattering and direct-recoil spectroscopy were used to characterize the atomic composition of the films, and measurements of film resistivity were also obtained. RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-136-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 9 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BJ30U UT WOS:A1997BJ30U00035 ER PT B AU Tran, TD Murguia, LC Song, X Kinoshita, K AF Tran, TD Murguia, LC Song, X Kinoshita, K BE Holmes, CF Landgrebe, AR TI Lithium intercalation behavior of surface-modified carbonaceous materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society / International-Society-of-Electrochemistry CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Int Soc Electrochem AB The surface properties of several well-characterized commercial carbon materials were modified by thermal and chemical treatments. The reversible capacities for lithium intercalation of a sponge green coke and a fuel green coke for lithium intercalation increased by as much as 25% after heat treatment in both reducing (5%H-2/Ar) and oxidizing (CO2) environments. The irreversible capacity loss increased significantly with CO2 treatment at 800 degrees C. The trend of larger capacity losses with CO2 treatment is also observed with a synthetic graphite (SFG6) which was produced by heat treatment at about 3000 degrees C. Carbon fibers that were first impregnated with LiOH solution followed by reaction with CO2 to form Li2CO3 tended to show lower irreversible capacity losses. RP Tran, TD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-146-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 18 BP 82 EP 91 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ44T UT WOS:A1997BJ44T00010 ER PT B AU Thomas, RC Ricco, AJ DiRubio, CR Yang, HC Crooks, RM AF Thomas, RC Ricco, AJ DiRubio, CR Yang, HC Crooks, RM BE Ricco, AJ Vanyek, P Horvai, G Silva, AF TI Chemical class specificity using self-assembled monolayers on SAW devices: Effects of adsorption time and substrate grain size SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS AND ANALYTICAL ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Electrochemical Methods CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc AB We report selectivity and sensitivity for 97-MHz SAW (surface acoustic wave) sensors functionalized with (COO-)(2)/Cu2+-terminated, organomercaptan-based, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Responses were obtained as a function of SAM formation time on thin Au films of controlled grain size. We find that the SAM films (1) preferentially adsorb classes of organic analytes according chemical interaction concepts, (2) reversibly adsorb multilayers of some analytes well below their saturation vapor pressure, (3) adsorb more diisopropylmethylphosphonate (DIMP) at a given partial pressure as SAM solution-phase adsorption time increases, and (4) adsorb more DIMP at a given partial pressure as the grain size of the supporting Au film decreases. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,MICROSENSOR RES & DEV DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Ricco, AJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MICROSENSOR RES & DEV DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-147-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 19 BP 202 EP 211 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ30V UT WOS:A1997BJ30V00024 ER PT B AU Kyle, KR Brown, SB AF Kyle, KR Brown, SB BE Ricco, AJ Vanyek, P Horvai, G Silva, AF TI Fiber optic cone penetrometer Raman probe for in situ chemical characterization of the Hanford underground waste tanks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS AND ANALYTICAL ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Electrochemical Methods CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc AB A field hardened fiber optic Raman probe has been developed for cone penetrometer deployment in the Hanford underground chemical waste storage tanks. The corrosive chemical environment of the tanks, as well as Hanford specific deployment parameters, provide unique challenges for the design of an optical probe. RP Kyle, KR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-171,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-147-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 19 BP 1066 EP 1079 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ30V UT WOS:A1997BJ30V00127 ER PT B AU Rieke, PC Wang, LQ Gao, YF Chambers, SA Liu, J Chen, YL Liang, Y AF Rieke, PC Wang, LQ Gao, YF Chambers, SA Liu, J Chen, YL Liang, Y BE Delnick, FM Ingersoll, D Andrieu, X Naoi, K TI Influence of defect structure on the electrochemical behavior of single crystal RuO2 electrodes prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Capacitors II CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc Inc AB Single crystal RuO2 electrodes were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. The deposition conditions were varied to introduce various amounts and kinds of defects into the crystal structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the electrode structure and cyclic voltametry (CV) was used to characterize the electrochemical behavior. Highly crystalline, nearly defect free material was not electrochemically active except at the very surface of the crystallites. The defect regions were electrochemically active and the kinetics of redox reactions were governed by the intercalation of charge compensating ions into and out of the defect regions. RP Rieke, PC (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,ENERGY & ENVIRONM SCI DIV,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-125-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 25 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BH33Z UT WOS:A1997BH33Z00004 ER PT B AU Murphy, TC Wright, RB Sutula, RA AF Murphy, TC Wright, RB Sutula, RA BE Delnick, FM Ingersoll, D Andrieu, X Naoi, K TI US department of energy electrochemical capacitor development and testing activities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Capacitors II CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc Inc AB Electrochemical capacitors (ultracapacitors) are being developed for hybrid vehicle systems as power assist devices for the fast response engine high power energy storage requirement. The primary functions of the ultracapacitor are to level the dynamic power loads on the primary propulsion device and recover available energy from regenerative breaking systems. Ultracapacitors show promise toward being able to accept high regenerative pulses while exhibiting very high cycle life. This paper will describe DOE supported ultracapacitor projects designed to meet these requirements. RP Murphy, TC (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-125-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 25 BP 258 EP 267 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BH33Z UT WOS:A1997BH33Z00025 ER PT B AU Adzic, GD Johnson, JR Mukerjee, S McBreen, J Reilly, JJ AF Adzic, GD Johnson, JR Mukerjee, S McBreen, J Reilly, JJ BE Jerkiewicz, G Marcus, P TI Corrosion of AB(5) metal hydride electrodes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMICAL SURFACE SCIENCE OF HYDROGEN ADSORPTION AND ABSORPTION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemical Surface of Hydrogen Adsorption and Absorption, at the Spring Conference of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc RP Adzic, GD (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-143-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 16 BP 288 EP 300 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BK03C UT WOS:A1997BK03C00022 ER PT B AU Whalen, JM Chacon, LC Bartlett, N AF Whalen, JM Chacon, LC Bartlett, N BE Childs, WV Fuchigami, T TI High-valent nickel fluorides and their oxidizing and fluorinating properties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHEMISTRY IN THE PREPARATION OF FLUORINE AND ITS COMPOUNDS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochemistry in the Preparation of Fluorine and Its Compounds CY MAY, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA AB NiF3 and NiF4, made from NiF(6)(2-)salts, are powerful oxidative fluorinators resembling in their action the nickel anode in the Simons Process. NiF62- and NiF63- salts, which could be constituents of the Simons oxidative process, are also effective although less powerful fluorinators than R-NiF3. NiF62- efficiently fluorinates [N(CH3)(4)](+) forming a range of fluorinated cations the most highly fluorinated of which is [N(CHF2)(3)CH3](+), a novel species. R-NiF3 with [N(CH3)(4)](+) is less effective in fluorinated-cation formation, producing more highly fluorinated molecular species such as N(CF3)(3). Qualitatively the products of the fluorination of [HN(CH3)(3)](+) by either R-NiF3 or NiF62- resemble those of the Simons Process. NiF62- is more effective than R-NiF3 in adding fluorine to the multiple bond in CH3CN, yielding predominantly CF3CF2NF2; R-NiF3 gives mainly CF3CN, as in the Simons Process. NiF2 is converted at similar to 20 degrees C, in basic aHF by fluorine in visible or UV light, to NiF62-. RP Whalen, JM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-142-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 15 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BJ44S UT WOS:A1997BJ44S00001 ER PT B AU Springer, T Zawodzinski, T Gottesfeld, S AF Springer, T Zawodzinski, T Gottesfeld, S BE McBreen, J Mukerjee, S Srinivasan, S TI Modeling of polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance with reformate feed streams: Effects of low levels of CO in hydrogen SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage IV, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Sci AB A simple kinetic model, based on four chemical and electrochemical surface processes taking place at a PEFC Pt anode catalyst exposed to hydrogen containing low levels of CO, reproduces well the characteristic features of PEFC polarization curves recorded under such conditions. These features include a low current density domain of good ''CO tolerance'', limited essentially by the maximum rate of hydrogen dissociative chemisorption on a small fraction of the catalyst surface area free of CO. Significantly higher voltage losses are incurred when attempting to exceed this typical limiting current density, which is determined by the partial pressure of CO and the cell temperature. Significant enhancement in performance is shown to result from increases by one-two orders of magnitude in either the inverse of the equilibrium constant for CO adsorption or in the marginal rate of CO electro-oxidation at low anodic overpotentials. Rates of CO electro-oxidation that would be very hard to measure (e.g., 10 nA/cm(2) Pt) could have a significant effect on the magnitude of hydrogen electrooxidation current obtainable at low voltage loss. RP Springer, T (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-140-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 13 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJ58T UT WOS:A1997BJ58T00002 ER PT B AU Mukerjee, S McBreen, J AF Mukerjee, S McBreen, J BE McBreen, J Mukerjee, S Srinivasan, S TI Electrocatalysis of methanol and CO oxidation: An in situ XAS study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage IV, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Sci AB Elements such as Ru and Sn used as ad-atoms or as alloying elements are known to enhance methanol and CO oxidation. Unlike Ru, enhancement due to Sn additions depend on the nature of interaction of Sn with Pt. Pt alloyed with Sn is marginally active for methanol oxidation in contrast to upd Sn ad-atoms on Pt, but shows good activity for CO oxidation. In situ XAS results indicate that alloying Sn with Pt causes partial filling of the Pt 5 d-band vacancies and increase in the Pt-Pt bond distances which is directly opposite to a similar situation with Ru. Upd Sn however does not perturb Pt structurally or electronically. Ru and Sn are associated with oxygenated species, the nature and strength of the Ru and Sn-oxygen interactions are potential dependent. Hence alloying. with Sn renders Pt surface unfavorable for methanol adsorption in contrast to alloying with Ru. Both Ru and Sn however promote oxidation of adsorbed CO via their ability to nucleate oxygenated species on their surface at lower potentials as compared to pure Pt. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-140-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 13 BP 36 EP 51 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJ58T UT WOS:A1997BJ58T00004 ER PT B AU Zawodzinski, TA Karuppaiah, C Uribe, F Gottesfeld, S AF Zawodzinski, TA Karuppaiah, C Uribe, F Gottesfeld, S BE McBreen, J Mukerjee, S Srinivasan, S TI Aspects of CO tolerance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Some experimental findings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage IV, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Sci AB We describe an experimental investigation of the dependence of CO tolerance exhibited by polymer electrolyte fuel cells ( without air bleeding into the anode compartment), on cell temperature, PtRu anode catalyst loading and Pt:Ru atom ratio. Significant improvements in CO tolerance can be achieved by raising the cell temperature from 80 degrees C to(or slightly above) 100 degrees C. Excess anode losses caused by 100 ppm CO at 100 degrees C: were under 50mV (at 0.6A/cm(2)) with 0.6 mgPtRu/cm(2), whereas at 120 degrees C the same anode tolerance could be achieved with 0.2 mgPtRu/cm(2). At 80 degrees C, a current density of e.g., 0.6 A/cm(2) could be achieved in the presence of 200 ppm CO (with 1.6 mgPtRu/cm(2)) at excess anode overpotential of 150 mV, while only 5 ppm CO2 was detected in the anode exhaust stream. These findings are discussed in terms of the general mechanism, suggested in another contribution to this Proceedings Volume, for PEFC anode performance in the presence of CO. RP Zawodzinski, TA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-140-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 13 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJ58T UT WOS:A1997BJ58T00011 ER PT B AU Kostecki, R McLarnon, F AF Kostecki, R McLarnon, F BE McBreen, J Mukerjee, S Srinivasan, S TI In situ Raman investigation of hydrous nickel oxide films with various additives in concentrated alkaline electrolytes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage IV, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Sci AB Electroprecipitated thin-film nickel composite electrodes with cobalt and lithium additives were characterized in detail by in situ Raman spectroscopy, and the effects of repeated charge-discharge cycling on the structure of the discharged and charged films were investigated in concentrated alkaline electrolytes. Electrochemical measurements showed that the presence of hydrous cobalt hydroxide in the electrode active firm reduces the threshold potential for the Ni(II) oxidation react-on and inhibits the phase transitions which usually occur in the film during prolonged cycling. On the other hand, lithium additions improve the reversibility of the nickel redox reaction and prevent capacity fading during long-term cycling. Analyses of the Raman spectra confirmed that cobalt is incorporated in the Ni(OH)(2) lattice on nickel sites. Lithium additions led to significant structural modifications represented by two new vibrational bands at 615 and 660 cm(-1) in the Raman spectra of the reduced film. It was found that films with both Co and Li additives exhibit properties which constitute a superposition of effects observed in single-additive composite nickel electrodes, and these properties do not depend on the electrolyte concentration. RP Kostecki, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENVIRONM ENERGY TECHNOL DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-140-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 13 BP 285 EP 297 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJ58T UT WOS:A1997BJ58T00026 ER PT B AU Bhattacharya, RN Hasoon, F Wiesner, H Ramanathan, K Field, H Matson, RJ Keane, J Swartzlander, A Mason, A Noufi, RN AF Bhattacharya, RN Hasoon, F Wiesner, H Ramanathan, K Field, H Matson, RJ Keane, J Swartzlander, A Mason, A Noufi, RN BE McBreen, J Mukerjee, S Srinivasan, S TI 13.6% efficient CuIn1-xGaxSe-based device from electrodeposited precursor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage IV, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Sci DE electrodeposition; copper-indium-gallium-selenide; physical evaporation; photovoltaic device AB Copper-indium-gallium-selenium (Cu-In-Ga-Se) precursor thin films were prepared by electrodeposition techniques on molybdenum substrates. Additional an, Ga, and Se were added to the electrodeposited precursor film by physical evaporation to adjust the final composition to CuIn1-xGaxSe2. Devices with Ga/(In+Ga) ratio of 0.16, 0.26, and 0.39 were fabricated. The films have been characterized by inductive-coupled plasma spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray, electron probes microanalysis, current-voltage characteristics, spectral response, and electron-beam-induced current. A ZnO/CdS/CuIn1-xGaxSe2 device fabricated using electrodeposited Cu-ln-Ga-Se precursor layers resulted in an efficiency up to 13.6%. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-140-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 13 BP 298 EP 305 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJ58T UT WOS:A1997BJ58T00027 ER PT B AU Zaban, A Meier, A Nozik, AJ Gregg, BA AF Zaban, A Meier, A Nozik, AJ Gregg, BA BE McBreen, J Mukerjee, S Srinivasan, S TI Impedance spectroscopy of high surface area TiO2 electrodes. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRODE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE IV SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage IV, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Sci AB The spatial distribution of the electrical potential throughout high surface area TiO2 electrodes has not been clearly elucidated, despite its importance to the understanding the photo conversion process in dye sensitized solar cells. Impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical dye desorption experiments were employed to study the electrical characteristics of nanoporous TiO2 electrodes in the dark. The results show an unusual potential distribution across the TiO2 films, caused by the semiconducting nature of the TiO2 and the electrolyte penetration into the porous film. The potential of much of the TiO2 film will not necessarily correspond to the potential applied to the substrate electrode. Therefore, potential dependent measurements should be interpreted with caution. RP Zaban, A (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-140-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 13 BP 306 EP 316 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJ58T UT WOS:A1997BJ58T00028 ER PT B AU Resnick, PJ Simonson, RJ Nelson, GC Matlock, CA AF Resnick, PJ Simonson, RJ Nelson, GC Matlock, CA BE Datta, M Fenton, JM Brooman, EW TI Cleaning optimization for reduced chemical usage SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY: APPLICATIONS IN ELECTRONICS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Electrochemical Technology - Applications in Electronics, as Part of the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-08, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit & Ind Electrolysis Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, New Technol Subcomm AB The use of dilute SC-1 (NH4OH:H2O2:H2O) chemistry cleaning processes for particle removal from silicon surfaces has been investigated. Dilute chemistries can be highly effective, especially when high-frequency acoustic energy (megasonics) is applied. The high particle removal efficacy of the dilute chemistry processes presumably arises due to increased double layer effects caused by reduced ionic strength. Dilute chemistry SC-1 solutions exhibit somewhat reduced efficacy for removal of certain light organics; however, when dilute SC-1 is used along with other pre-gate cleaning steps (e.g., HF, SC-2, and piranha), then the overall cleaning sequence is quite effective. In addition to providing robust cleaning processes, dilute chemistries also result in significantly lower chemical and rinse water usage. Waste water treatment requirements are also lessened when dilute chemistry cleaning solutions are employed. RP Resnick, PJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-171-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 21 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BH54L UT WOS:A1997BH54L00005 ER PT B AU Braithwaite, J Nagasubramanian, G Gonzales, A Lucero, S Cieslak, W AF Braithwaite, J Nagasubramanian, G Gonzales, A Lucero, S Cieslak, W BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI Corrosion of current-collector materials in Li-ion cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB The primary current-collector materials being used in lithium-ion cells are susceptible to environmental degradation: aluminum to pitting corrosion and copper to environmentally assisted cracking. Pitting occurs at the highly oxidizing potentials associated with the positive-electrode charge condition. However, the pitting mechanism is more complex than that typically observed in aqueous systems in that the pits are filled with a mixed metal/oxide product and exist as mounds or nodules on the surface. Electrochemical impedance was shown to be an effective analytical tool for quantification and verification of visual observations and trends. Two fluorocarbon-based coatings were shown to improve the resistance bf Al to localized pitting. Finally, environmental cracking of copper can occur at or near the lithium potential and only if specific metallurgical conditions exist (work hardening and large grain size). RP Braithwaite, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 44 EP 51 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00006 ER PT B AU Zawodzinski, TA Dai, HL Sanderson, S Davey, J Uribe, F AF Zawodzinski, TA Dai, HL Sanderson, S Davey, J Uribe, F BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI A rapid method for the determination of lithium transference numbers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB We describe the Electrophoretic NMR (ENMR) method for the determination of lithium ion transference numbers (T-Li). The work presented is a proof-of-concept of the application of the ENMR method to lithium ion transference measurements for several different lithium salts in gelled electrolytes. The NMR method allows accurate determination of T-Li values, as indicated by the similarity of T-Li in the gelled electrolytes to those in aqueous electrolyte solutions at low salt concentration. Based on calculated tradeoffs of various experimental parameters, we also discuss some conclusions concerning the range of applicability of the method to other electrolytes with lower lithium mobility. RP Zawodzinski, TA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ELECT MAT & DEVICE RES GRP,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 103 EP 110 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00012 ER PT B AU Dai, HL Sanderson, S Davey, J Uribe, F Zawodzinski, TA AF Dai, HL Sanderson, S Davey, J Uribe, F Zawodzinski, TA BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI Electrophoretic NMR measurements of lithium transference numbers in polymer gel electrolytes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB We describe here our application of electrophoretic NMR (ENMR) to the determination of transference numbers of lithium ions in polymer gel electrolytes. Two types of polymer gel electrolytes were selected for this study: PAN/PC/EC/LiX and Kynar/PC/LiX. Results obtained for the two types of gels are compared and the effects of anion, polymer-ion interactions and ion-ion interactions on lithium transference numbers are discussed. Significant differences in the behavior of transference numbers with salt concentration are observed for the two types of gels. This may be due to the extent of interaction between the polymer and the ions. Implications for solid polymer electrolytes are discussed. RP Dai, HL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ELECT MAT & DEVICE RES GRP,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 111 EP 120 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00013 ER PT B AU Sanderson, S Zawodzinski, T Hermes, R Davey, J Dai, HL AF Sanderson, S Zawodzinski, T Hermes, R Davey, J Dai, HL BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI Physical properties of Li ion conducting polyphosphazene based polymer electrolytes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB We report a systematic study of the transport properties and the underlying physical chemistry of some polyphosphazene (PPhz)-based polymer electrolytes. We synthesized MEEP and variants which employed mixed combinations of different length oxyethylene side-chains. We compare the conductivity and ion-ion interactions in polymer electrolytes obtained with lithium triflate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) salts added to the polymer. The combination of the lithium imide salt and MEEP yields a maximum conductivity of 8 x 10(-5) Ohm(-1)cm(-1) at room temperature at a salt loading of 8 monomers per lithium. In one of the mixed side-chain variations, a maximum conductivity of 2 x 10(-4) Ohm(-1), cm(-1) was measured at the same molar ratio. Raman spectral analysis shows some ion aggregation and some polymer - ion interactions in the PPhz-LiTFSI case but much less than observed with LiCF3SO3. A sharp increase in the Tg as salt is added corresponds to concentrations above which the conductivity significantly decreases and ion associations appear. RP Sanderson, S (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 136 EP 145 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00015 ER PT B AU Yang, XQ Lee, HS Xiang, C McBreen, J Choi, LS Okamoto, Y AF Yang, XQ Lee, HS Xiang, C McBreen, J Choi, LS Okamoto, Y BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI Ion pair dissociation effects of aza-based anion receptors on lithium salts in polymer electrolytes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB The addition of aza-based anion receptors greatly increases the conductivity of polymer electrolytes based on LiCl or KI complexes with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG). In some cases the conductivity increase is more than two orders of magnitude. Also the addition of the anion accepters imparts a rubber like consistency to the normally stiff PEO salt films. Ion-ion, ion-polymer and anion-complex interactions were studied using Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at the K and Cl K edges and at the I L(I) edge. The NEXAFS results show that Cl- and I- anions are complexed with the nitrogen groups of the anion receptors. The degree of complexation is related the chain length of the complexing agent and the number of R=CF3SO2 groups that are used to substitute for the amine hydrogen atoms in these aza-ether compounds. NEXAFS spectra al potassium K edge provide supplemental evidence for the ion pair dissociation effects of the anion receptors. The results show that dissociated K+ cations are complexed with oxygen atoms of the PEO chains. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 146 EP 153 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00016 ER PT B AU Prakash, J Turner, RL Dees, D Thackeray, M Vissers, DR AF Prakash, J Turner, RL Dees, D Thackeray, M Vissers, DR BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI Calculations of heat evolution for a lithium-polymer metal oxide cell based on thermodynamic parameters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB The temperature of a cell within a battery increases or decreases, depending on the nature of the electrochemical processes and, in particular, on the enthalpy of the reaction. Temperature changes within the cell may threaten the safety, electrochemical performance, and the cycle life of the battery. It is, therefore, extremely important to maintain an optimum temperature during electrochemical cycling. This paper describes calculations for predicting heat changes that can occur in the cells. RP Prakash, J (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,ELECTROCHEM TECHNOL PROGRAM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 179 EP 183 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00022 ER PT B AU Chen, YF Devine, TM Evans, JW AF Chen, YF Devine, TM Evans, JW BE Broadhead, J Scrosati, B TI Corrosion of aluminum current collector in the Li/PEO-LiN(CF3SO2)(2)/V6O13 battery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERIES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lithium Polymer Batteries, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB The corrosion behaviour of aluminum in contact with PEO-LiN(CF3SO2)(2) electrolyte was investigated by electrochemical corrosion test techniques. Also, the corrosion of aluminum current collector for the positive composite electrode of the L/PEO-LiN(CF3SO2)(2)/V6O13 battery under normal and overcharge conditions was examined. The results indicate that significant pitting corrosion after overcharging the battery will affect the long-term reliability of aluminum collector. RP Chen, YF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-167-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 17 BP 187 EP 197 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Polymer Science GA BH16V UT WOS:A1997BH16V00024 ER PT B AU Meier, A Kocha, SS Hanna, MC Nozik, AJ Siemoneit, K ReinekeKoch, R Memming, R AF Meier, A Kocha, SS Hanna, MC Nozik, AJ Siemoneit, K ReinekeKoch, R Memming, R BE Rajeshwar, K Peter, LM Fujishima, A Meissner, D Tomkiewich, M TI Majority charge carrier transfer studies at n-type III-V semiconductor-liquid interfaces by impedance spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Photoelectrochemistry, at the 1997 Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society / International-Society-of-Electrochemistry CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Int Soc Electrochem AB Stationary current/potential and impedance measurements have been conducted at different n-type III-V semiconductor-acetronitrile junctions using cobaltocenium/cobaltocene (Co(Cp)(2)(+/0)) as an outer sphere, fast redox couple. The measurements reveal that the interfacial chemistry has a strong influence on the kinetics of the charge transfer reaction. According to our impedance analysis, movement of the energy bands in the onset region of the forward current can be excluded for this system. For this reason a comparatively simple model can be used for the evaluation of the second order rate constants for the electrochemical charge transfer reaction across the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. The combined analysis of the stationary current/potential curves and the impedance spectra show that the charge transfer rate ranges from about 5 x 10(-12) cm(4)/s to 7 x 10(-17) cm(4)/s, and is 5 - 6 orders of magnitude larger than the maximum possible rate constant predicted and reported by other researchers. RP Meier, A (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Kocha, Shyam/E-4347-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-148-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 20 BP 161 EP 171 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BJ34H UT WOS:A1997BJ34H00021 ER PT B AU Meisel, D Cook, A Camaioni, D Orlando, T AF Meisel, D Cook, A Camaioni, D Orlando, T BE Rajeshwar, K Peter, LM Fujishima, A Meissner, D Tomkiewich, M TI Chemistry, radiation, and interfaces in suspensions of nuclear waste simulants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Photoelectrochemistry, at the 1997 Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society / International-Society-of-Electrochemistry CY 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Int Soc Electrochem AB We focus in this report on three issues that are of central importance in the management of radioactive high-level Liquid waste (HLLW). We show that the only reducing radical that lasts longer than a few ps in typical HLLW, and is capable of generating hydrogen, is NO32-. We measured the lifetime of this species across the whole pH range (3 less than or equal to pH less than or equal to 14) and found it to be shorter than approximate to 15 mu s, before it dissociates to give strongly oxidizing NO2 radicals. We found that it reacts with many proton donors (H+, phosphate, borate, NH4+, amines) in a reaction that is not merely an acid-base equilibrium reaction. Using high-level ab initio calculations we estimate its redox potential and pK(a). We have developed methodologies to study the degradation of organic additives to the HLLW (to CO2 or carbonate) by NO2 Relative rates of degradation of several complexants were determined using competition kinetics and C-13 NMR and proton NMR detection techniques. Direct absorption of the radiation (low-energy electrons as well as photons above the ionization threshold) in NaNO3 single crystal at the solid/vacuum interface led to production of NO, O, and O- as the major products. RP Meisel, D (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. OI Cook, Andrew/0000-0001-6633-3447 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-148-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 20 BP 350 EP 357 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BJ34H UT WOS:A1997BJ34H00040 ER PT B AU Shinar, J Partee, J Lane, PA AF Shinar, J Partee, J Lane, PA BE Kadish, KM Ruoff, RS TI High field triplet state fluorescence- and phosphorescence detected magnetic resonance study of polystyrene/toluene matrix isolated C-60 and C-70 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF FULLERENES AND RELATED MATERIALS, VOL 4 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Fullerenes-Group of the Electrochemical-Society, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society - Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions IX CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes Grp AB The high-field 9.35 GHz X-band fluorescence-detected magnetic resonance (FDMR) of polystyrene/toluene matrix isolated C-60 (C-60:PS/T) and C-70 (C-70:PS/T) and the phosphorescence-detected magnetic resonance (PhDMR) of C-70:PS/T is described. The positive FDMR is due to ground state recovery from nonphosphorescent triplets, possibly strained in C-3(70):PS/T, with zero-field-splitting parameters \D\ approximate to 0.0109 cm(-1) and \E\ approximate to 0.0008 cm(-1) in C-3(60) and \D\ approximate to 0.0098 cm(-1) and \E\ approximate to D/3 in C-3(70), consistent with triplets delocalized over the fullerene molecule. The negative PhDMR is due to changes in the direct radiative decay of the axially symmetric (E approximate to 0) triplet with \D\ approximate to 0.0089 cm(-1). The temperature dependence of the lineshape of this triplet is consistent with a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect. Its lifetime decreases exponentially with increasing temperature, with an activation energy E-a approximate to 1.7 meV and prefactor tau(0) approximate to 0.55 ms. RP Shinar, J (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-141-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 14 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics GA BJ44R UT WOS:A1997BJ44R00013 ER PT B AU Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Compton, RN Bakale, G Affholter, KA AF Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Compton, RN Bakale, G Affholter, KA BE Kadish, KM Ruoff, RS TI Characterization of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives by small-angle neutron scattering and transmission measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF FULLERENES AND RELATED MATERIALS, VOL 4 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Fullerenes-Group of the Electrochemical-Society, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society - Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions IX CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes Grp AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) I?as been shown to be an appropriate technique for the structural characterization of fullerenes (1) in solvents with strong SANS contrast (e.g. CS2) and we have extended initial studies of C-60 (1) to include C-70 and C-84 moieties. Deuterated solvents (e.g. toluene-dp) have a high scattering length density (SLD), which is close to that of C-60, so there is virtually no SANS contrast with the solvent. Hence, these particles are practically ''invisible'' in such media, though the negative scattering length of hydrogen means that SLD of H-1 -containing materials is much lower resulting in strong contrast with toluene-d(8). Thus, SANS makes it possible to study the size and shapes of modified buckyballs. This paper describes the first results on cyclohexane-substituted fullerenes. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-141-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 14 BP 622 EP 632 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics GA BJ44R UT WOS:A1997BJ44R00066 ER PT B AU Dillon, AC Landry, MD Jones, KM Webb, JD Heben, MJ AF Dillon, AC Landry, MD Jones, KM Webb, JD Heben, MJ BE Kadish, KM Ruoff, RS TI The oxidation and reduction of single-wall carbon nanotube materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF FULLERENES AND RELATED MATERIALS, VOL 4 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Fullerenes-Group of the Electrochemical-Society, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society - Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions IX CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes Grp AB Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and ill situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRFTIR) spectroscopy have been employed to compare the oxidation of are-and laser-generated carbon single-wall nanotube (SWNT) materials. We have found the oxidation behavior of these two materials to be surprisingly different. Both are-and laser-generated SWNT materials undergo ''self-oxidation'' while annealing in vacuum. Surface hydroxyl and carbonyl species are decomposed during heating with a corresponding desorption of H2O and CO2. These oxidizers can then react with the surfaces to remove carbon in the form of CO. The are-generated SWNTs are selectively opened by oxidation in 1 torr H2O but consumed by oxidation in 1 torr O-2 between 600 - 975 K. In contrast, temperatures of similar to 1050 K are required for significant oxidation of the laser-generated soots in similar to 1 torr O-2. Were O-2 oxidation results in the purification of the laser-generated SWNTs rather than complete consumption. DRFTIR studies and TPD, experiments following oxidation in D2O indicate that the more selective removal of the nanotube caps resulting from oxidation in water is due to hydrogen (deuterium) termination of surface carbon dangling bonds. Finally, the reduction of laser-generated soots has also been studied. Hydrogenation of the carbon material occurs at 775 K in 650 psi H-2. However the reaction is undetected at a lower H-2 pressure of 2 torr. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-141-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 14 BP 916 EP 928 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics GA BJ44R UT WOS:A1997BJ44R00093 ER PT B AU Hamza, AV AF Hamza, AV BE Kadish, KM Ruoff, RS TI Overview: Surfaces and thin films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF FULLERENES AND RELATED MATERIALS, VOL 4 SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium of the Fullerenes-Group of the Electrochemical-Society, at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society - Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions IX CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Fullerenes Grp RP Hamza, AV (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-141-2 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 14 BP 930 EP 930 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Physics GA BJ44R UT WOS:A1997BJ44R00094 ER PT B AU Barbour, JC Apblett, CA Denison, DR Sullivan, JP AF Barbour, JC Apblett, CA Denison, DR Sullivan, JP BE Deen, MJ Brown, WD Sundaram, KB Raider, SI TI Oxide film formation from electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON SILICON NITRIDE AND SILICON DIOXIDE THIN INSULATING FILMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Nitride and Silicon Dioxide Thin Insulating Films CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB The formation of SiOx films and fluorine-doped SiOx films using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma deposition is described. Parametric studies of the film composition and hydrogen content as a function of feed gas composition and RF biasing are presented. By replacing SM, with SiF4 in the gas feed, samples with F content from 2 at.% F to 12 at.% F are deposited, and the dielectric constant of the deposited layers decrease linearly with increasing fluorine concentration. The stability of these low dielectric constant SiOxFy layers is examined under hydrating conditions, and conditions typically found for interlayer dielectric processing in microelectronics. The hydrogen content of the SiO2 and F-doped SiO2 is characterized as a function of deposition conditions, and a model is given to describe the thermal release of H from SiO2. RP Barbour, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-137-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 10 BP 520 EP 534 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BJ51X UT WOS:A1997BJ51X00043 ER PT B AU Marinkovic, NS Wang, JX Adzic, RR AF Marinkovic, NS Wang, JX Adzic, RR BE Korzeniewski, C Conway, BE TI Underpotential deposition of Ag adlayers on Pt(111): Structures and determination of O-2 adsorption on Pt(111) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DOUBLE LAYER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Electrochemical Double Layer, at the 191st ECS Meeting CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Div AB The structure of Ag adlayers deposited at underpotentials in sulfuric acid on Pt (111), and the inhibition of O-2 reduction they cause, have been studied using grazing incident angle x-ray diffraction measurements, as well as linear sweep voltammetry and in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Ag forms a hexagonal incommensurate bilayer, with two mutually commensurate monolayers. It is aligned with the Pt(111) substrate, although slightly expanded. The first monolayer has a commensurate (1x1) structure. A second layer causes a restructuring of the first monolayer. Deposition of each monolayer is associated with one voltammetry peak A complete inhibition of O-2 reduction on Pt(111) has been observed upon deposition of both, Ag monolayer and bilayer. Analysis of the inhibition of O-2 reduction as a function of the Ag coverage shows that during reduction O-2 adsorbs in a bridge configuration on Pt(111). RP Marinkovic, NS (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV CHEM SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-144-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 17 BP 251 EP 262 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK03D UT WOS:A1997BK03D00019 ER PT B AU Wang, JX Wandlowski, T Ocko, BM AF Wang, JX Wandlowski, T Ocko, BM BE Korzeniewski, C Conway, BE TI Lateral interaction energy derived from Frumkin isotherm for c(2x2) Br/Ag(100) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DOUBLE LAYER SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Electrochemical Double Layer, at the 191st ECS Meeting CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Div AB The structure of the bromide adlayer on Ag(100) and the adsorption isotherm have been determined by using in situ surface x-ray scattering techniques and chronocoulometry. Bromide adsorbed on Ag(100) forms a fourfold-hollow-site lattice gas and the adsorption saturates at 1/2 monolayer in a c(2 x 2) structure. The Frumkin isotherm has been employed to fit the experimentally obtained isotherm, theta(E, C). Using the experimentally determined electrosorption valency, the lateral interaction energy of 220 meV/atom at full coverage is obtained. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV CHEM SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Thomas, Wandlowski/C-7251-2009 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-144-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 17 BP 293 EP 301 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BK03D UT WOS:A1997BK03D00022 ER PT B AU Domansky, K Watters, EA AF Domansky, K Watters, EA BE Hesketh, PJ Barna, G Hughes, HG TI A technique for depositing sensing layers in integrated microsensor arrays by automated fluid dispensing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURES AND MICROFABRICATED SYSTEMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Microstructures and Microfabricated Systems at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor, Electr, Dielectr Sci & Tech Div, Motorola, Sensor Prod Div AB A technique for depositing chemically sensitive layers by automated fluid dispensing is described. Several sensing layers can be deposited on a single multisensing chip without using masking materials and photolithography. As a result, cross-contamination caused by contact with a masking material is eliminated. The thickness and profile of the dispensed dots are shown to be reproducibly controlled by the choices of solvent, polymer concentration, and substrate temperature. This dispensing technique was used to deposit, polyaniline films on CHEMFET sensors. Performance of the dispensed layers was compared with layers deposited by spin coating. This technique is suitable for high-volume fabrication of integrated sensor arrays. RP Domansky, K (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-132-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 5 BP 144 EP 151 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BH73G UT WOS:A1997BH73G00015 ER PT B AU Thundat, T Oden, PI Warmack, RJ AF Thundat, T Oden, PI Warmack, RJ BE Hesketh, PJ Barna, G Hughes, HG TI Chemical, physical, and biological detection using microcantilevers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROSTRUCTURES AND MICROFABRICATED SYSTEMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Microstructures and Microfabricated Systems at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Sensor, Electr, Dielectr Sci & Tech Div, Motorola, Sensor Prod Div AB Micromachined, mass produced cantilevers, such as those used by atomic force microscopes, are excellent micromechanical sensors. Microcantilever sensors operate by detecting changes in resonance response or deflection caused by mass loading, surface stress variation or changes in damping conditions. When molecules adsorb on surfaces they can also produce a surface stress due to forces involved in adsorption process. This surface stress can be observed as variation in microcantilever deflection or resonance frequency. We have developed a number of extremely sensitive sensors based on microcantilevers. Advantages of these extremely sensitive devices include miniature size, simplicity, low power consumption, low manufacturing cost, inherent compatibility with array designs as well as their ability to operate in air or liquid. They can be the basis for a universal platform for real-time, in-situ measurement of many physical, chemical, and biochemical properties. RP Thundat, T (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,LIFE SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-132-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 5 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BH73G UT WOS:A1997BH73G00020 ER PT B AU Wen, SJ vonRottkay, K Rubin, M AF Wen, SJ vonRottkay, K Rubin, M BE Ho, KC Greenberg, CB MacArthur, D TI Electrochromic lithium nickel oxide thin film by pulsed laser deposition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochromic Materials and Their Applications III, at the 190th Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Thin films of lithium nickel oxide were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from targets of pressed LiNiO2 powder with layered structure. The composition, structure and surface air sensitivity of these films were analyzed using a variety of techniques, such as nuclear reaction analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Optical properties were measured using a combination of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectroradiometry. Crystalline structure, surface morphology and chemical composition of LixNi1-xO thin films depend strongly on deposition oxygen pressure, temperature as well as substrate target distance. The films produced at temperatures lower than 600 degrees C spontaneously absorb CO2 and H2O at their surface once they are exposed to the air. The films deposited at 600 degrees C proved to be stable in air over a long period. Even when deposited at room temperature the PLD films are denser and more stable than sputtered films. RBS determined that the best electrochromic films had the stoichiometric composition Li0.5Ni0.5O when deposited at 60 mTorr O-2 pressure. Electrochemical tests show that the films exhibit excellent reversibility in the range 1.0 V to 3.4 V versus lithium and long cyclic life stability in a liquid electrolyte half cell. Electrochemical formatting which is used to develop electrochromism in other films and nickel oxide films is not needed for these stoichiometric films. The optical transmission range is almost 70% at 550 nm for 120 nm thick films. RP Wen, SJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-174-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 24 BP 54 EP 63 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BH37W UT WOS:A1997BH37W00004 ER PT B AU Zhang, JG Benson, DK Tracy, CE Deb, SK Czanderna, AW Bechinger, C AF Zhang, JG Benson, DK Tracy, CE Deb, SK Czanderna, AW Bechinger, C BE Ho, KC Greenberg, CB MacArthur, D TI Electrochromic mechanism in alpha-WO3 films SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrochromic Materials and Their Applications III, at the 190th Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 06-11, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB We propose a new model for the chromic mechanism in amorphous tungsten oxide films (WO3-y. nH(2)O). According to this model, a typical as-deposited tungsten oxide film has tungsten mainly in W6+ and W4+ states and can be represented as W1-y6+Wy4+O3-y. nH(2)O. The proposed chromic mechanism is based on the small polaron transition between the charge-induced W5+ state and the original W4+ state instead of the W5+ and W6+ states as suggested in previous models. This model not only explains a variety of seemingly conflicting experimental results reported in the literature that cannot be explained by existing models, it also has practical implications with respect to improving the coloring efficiency and durability of electrochromic devices. RP Zhang, JG (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-174-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 24 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BH37W UT WOS:A1997BH37W00019 ER PT B AU Primm, RT AF Primm, RT GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Meeting the challenge: Disposition of surplus weapons-grade plutonium in reactors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Primm, RT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800003 ER PT B AU Hollenbach, DF Hopper, CM AF Hollenbach, DF Hopper, CM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Criticality safety considerations for MSRE fuel drain tank uranium aggregation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB This paper presents the results of a preliminary criticality safety study of some potential effects of uranium reduction and aggregation in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) fuel drain tanks (FDTs) during salt removal operations. Since the salt was transferred to the FDTs in 1969, radiological and chemical reactions have been converting the uranium and fluorine in the salt to UF, and free fluorine. Significant amounts of uranium (at least 3 kg) and fluorine have migrated out of the FDTs and into the off-gas system (OGS) and the auxiliary charcoal bed (ACB). The loss of uranium and fluorine from the salt changes the chemical properties of the salt sufficiently to possibly allow the reduction of the UF, in the salt to uranium metal as the salt is remelted prior to removal. It has been postulated that up to 9 kg of the maximum 19.4 kg of uranium in one FDT could be reduced to metal and concentrated. This study shows that criticality becomes a concern when more than 5 kg of uranium concentrates to over 8 wt % of the salt in a favorable geometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hollenbach, DF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800005 ER PT B AU Hopper, CM Parks, CV AF Hopper, CM Parks, CV GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Potential for and consequences of criticality resulting from hydrogeochemically concentrated fissile uranium blended with soil in low-level waste disposal facilities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB Evaluations were done to determine conditions that could permit nuclear criticality with fissile uranium in low-level-waste (LLW) facilities and to estimate potential radiation exposures to personnel if there were such an accident. Simultaneous hydrogeochemical and nuclear criticality studies' were done (1) to identify some realistic scenarios for uranium migration and concentration increase at LLW disposal facilities, (2) to model groundwater transport and subsequent concentration via sorption or precipitation of uranium, (3) to evaluate the potential for nuclear criticality resulting from potential increases in uranium concentration over disposal limits, and (4) to estimate potential radiation exposures to personnel resulting from criticality consequences. The scope of the referenced work was restricted to uranium at an assumed 100 wt % U-235 enrichment. Three outcomes of uranium concentration are possible: 1. uranium concentration is increased to levels that do pose a criticality safety concern; 2. uranium concentration is increased, but levels do not pose a criticality safety concern; or 3. uranium concentration does not increase. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hopper, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800013 ER PT B AU Lee, JD AF Lee, JD GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Comparison of potential poisons for criticality control for the disposal of weapons Pu in immobilization waste forms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB Nuclear performance of potential neutron poisons (Gd, Eu, Hf, In and Sm) are compared, analytically, for criticality control in degraded waste forms of immobilized surplus weapons plutonium. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-634, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800014 ER PT B AU Forsberg, CW AF Forsberg, CW GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Long-term criticality control in radioactive waste disposal facilities using depleted uranium SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates ID DRIVEN HYDROTHERMAL FLOW; YUCCA MOUNTAIN AB Plant photosynthesis has created a unique planetary-wide geochemistry-an oxidizing atmosphere with oxidizing surface waters on a planetary body with chemically reducing conditions near or at some distance below the surface. Uranium is four orders of magnitude more soluble under chemically oxidizing conditions than it is under chemically reducing conditions. Thus, uranium tends to leach from surface rock and disposal sites, move with groundwater, and concentrate where chemically reducing conditions appear. Earth's geochemistry concentrates uranium and can separate uranium from all other elements except oxygen, hydrogen (in water), and silicon (silicates, etc). Fissile isotopes include U-235, U-233, and many higher actinides that eventually decay to one of these two uranium isotopes. The potential for nuclear criticality exists if the precipitated uranium from disposal sites has a significant fissile enrichment, mass. and volume. The earth's geochemistry suggests that isotopic dilution of fissile materials in waste with U-238 is a preferred strategy to prevent long-term nuclear criticality in and beyond the boundaries of waste disposal facilities because the U-238 does not separate from the fissile uranium isotopes. Geological, laboratory, and theoretical data indicate that the potential for nuclear criticality can be minimized by diluting fissile materials with U-238 to 1 wt % U-235 equivalent. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800017 ER PT B AU Lichtenwalter, JJ AF Lichtenwalter, JJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Heterogeneous reactivity effects in medium- and high-enriched uranium metal-water systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lichtenwalter, JJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800026 ER PT B AU Hopper, CM Wright, RQ Elam, KR Forsberg, CW AF Hopper, CM Wright, RQ Elam, KR Forsberg, CW GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Isotopic dilution of U-233 with depleted uranium for criticality safety in processing and disposal SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB The disposal of excess U-233 as waste is being considered. Because U-233 is a fissile material, a key requirement for processing U-233 to final waste form and disposing of it is the avoidance of nuclear criticality. For many processing and disposal options, isotopic dilution is the most feasible and preferred option to avoid nuclear criticality. Isotopic dilution is dilution of fissile U-233 With nonfissile U-238. The use of isotopic dilution removes any need to control nuclear criticality in process or disposal facilities through geometry or chemical composition. Isotopic dilution allows the use of existing waste management facilities that are not designed for significant quantities of fissile materials to be used for processing and disposing of U-233. The amount of isotopic dilution required to reduce criticality concerns to reasonable levels was determined in this study to be approximately 0.53 wt % U-233. The numerical calculations used to define this limit consisted of a homogeneous system of silicon dioxide (SiO2), water (H2O), U-233, and depleted uranium (DU) in which the ratio of each component was varied to learn the conditions of maximum nuclear reactivity. About 188 parts of DU (0.2 wt % U-235) are required to dilute 1 part of U-233 to this limit in a water-moderated system with no SiO2 present. Thus for the U.S. inventory of U-233, several hundred metric tons of DU would be required for isotopic dilution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hopper, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 176 EP 180 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800027 ER PT B AU Sheaffer, MK Keeton, SC Wangler, ME Liu, YY Fischer, LE AF Sheaffer, MK Keeton, SC Wangler, ME Liu, YY Fischer, LE GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Recent developments in fissile material exemptions for shipping packages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB In February 1997 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission promulgated an emergency final rule regarding the shipment of limited quantities of fissile material. Background information is presented on criticality concerns that existed under the previous regulations, and changes effective in the new rule are summarized. Potential impacts of these changes on DOE shipments of fissile material are discussed. An update of developments based on public comment and any modifications to these rules will be presented at the meeting in September. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sheaffer, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-634, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 214 EP 218 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800033 ER PT B AU Taylor, RG Worley, CA AF Taylor, RG Worley, CA GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Training and qualification program for nuclear criticality safety technical staff SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB A training and qualification program for nuclear criticality safety technical staff personnel was developed and implemented. All personnel who are to perform nuclear criticality safety technical work are required to participate in the program. The program includes both general nuclear criticality safety and plant specific knowledge components. Advantage can be taken of previous experience for that knowledge which is portable such as performance of computer calculations. Candidates step through a structured process which exposes them to basic background information, general plant information, and plant specific information which they need to safely and competently perform their jobs. Extensive documentation is generated to demonstrate that candidates meet the standards established for qualification. C1 Lockheed Martin Energy Syst Inc, Oak Ridge Y12 Plant, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taylor, RG (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Energy Syst Inc, Oak Ridge Y12 Plant, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800034 ER PT B AU Henderson, BD Meade, RA Pruvost, NL AF Henderson, BD Meade, RA Pruvost, NL GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI The Criticality Safety Information Resource Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB The mission of the Criticality Safety Information Resource Center (CSIRC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is the preservation of primary documentation supporting criticality safety. In many but not all cases, this primary documentation consists of experimentalists' logbooks. Experience has shown that the logbooks and other primary information are vulnerable to being discarded. For example, recent conversations with criticality safety personnel at the Savannah River Site indicate that the Savannah River Site logbooks may be lost or misplaced. Destruction of these logbooks results in a permanent loss to the criticality safety community. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Henderson, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS F691, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800035 ER PT B AU Bhatnagar, SK AF Bhatnagar, SK GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Need for consensus on the determination of the margin of subcriticality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Bhatnagar, SK (reprint author), US DOE, EH-32,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 235 EP 239 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800036 ER PT B AU Chandler, JR Trumble, EF AF Chandler, JR Trumble, EF GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Use of bias, uncertainty and subcritical margins at the Savannah River Site SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB A generic method for criticality evaluation of fissile material configurations is provided in this paper. The method utilizes both quantitative and qualitative information. The method is suitable for application to a variety of current and future criticality issues. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chandler, JR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Bldg 730-B,Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 262 EP 267 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800040 ER PT B AU Mihalczo, JT King, WT Valentine, TE AF Mihalczo, JT King, WT Valentine, TE GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Subcritical measurements with a cylindrical tank of Pu-U nitrate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates ID MCNP-DSP; NEUTRON AB This series of measurements with a mixed Pu-U nitrate solution (280g Pu/liter, 180g U/liter) in a 35.54-cm-diam cylindrical tank provides a wide variety of experimental data for subcritical configurations that can be used to verify calculational methods and nuclear data. The Pu contained 7.85 wt% Pu-240 and the uranium was natural uranium. The measurements performed were: inverse count rate, prompt neutron decay constants, inverse kinetics, and frequency analysis by the Cf-252 source driven method. These data are presented in sufficient detail that the results of the experiments can be calculated directly. For purposes of extrapolating to the delayed critical height the ratio of spectral densities was linear with height and thus provided the best estimate of critical height. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mihalczo, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800054 ER PT B AU Wright, RQ Leal, LC AF Wright, RQ Leal, LC GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Benchmark testing of U-233 evaluations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB In this paper we investigate the adequacy of available U-233 cross-section data (ENDF/B-VI and JENDL-3) for calculation of critical experiments. An ad hoc revised U-233 evaluation is also tested and appears to give results which are improved relative to those obtained with either ENDF/B-VI or JENDL-3 cross sections. Calculations of k(eff) were performed for ten fast benchmarks and six thermal benchmarks using the three cross-section sets. Central reaction-rate-ratio calculations were also performed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wright, RQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800056 ER PT B AU Sterbentz, JW Bringhurst, AR AF Sterbentz, JW Bringhurst, AR GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI The Department of Energy's spent fuel database SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON CRITICALITY SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE NEXT DECADE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting on Criticality Safety Challenges in the Next Decade CY SEP 07-11, 1997 CL CHELON, WA SP Amer Nucl Soc, Nucl Criticality Safety Div, Eastern Washington Local Sect, US DOE, PNNL Int Nucl Safety Program, BNFL Instrument Ltd, Los Alamos Nat Lab, British Nucl Fuel Ltd, Fluor Daniel NW Inc, Siemens Power Corp, Mohr & Associates AB The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) is responsible for the development and maintenance of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Spent Fuel Database (SFD-96). The SFD-96 database is an updated version of the older DOE Integrated Spent Nuclear Fuel Database System (ISNFDS). Both databases were developed for the DOE at the INEEL to aid in the management of DOE's national and international inventory of spent nuclear fuels (SNF). The database can provide quick and effortless summaries of specific fuel type inventories which are currently used for transport, handling, and storage assessments. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Sterbentz, JW (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-618-7 PY 1997 BP 416 EP 422 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86W UT WOS:000083284800062 ER PT B AU Hackworth, JM Arp, R Jones, E AF Hackworth, JM Arp, R Jones, E GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Managing scrap metal for off-site shipment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB A program developed and implemented at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was established to provide requirements for all ORNL employees, contractors, and subcontractors who generate, accumulate, manage, or dispose of scrap metal. These requirements were established in an attempt to assure no radioactive, hazardous wastes, or high-risk property items are added to ORNL's scrap metal being collected for off-site recycling. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hackworth, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6322, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400003 ER PT B AU Matthews, M AF Matthews, M GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI The WIPP experimental program and DOE's future D&D TRU waste SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Department of Energy (DOE) is working towards opening the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) for the disposition of transuranic (TRU) waste generated by the production of nuclear weapons and other defense-related activities. The DOE's Carlsbad Area Office (CAO),which manages the WIPP, previously established an experimental program to obtain the necessary data to demonstrate compliance with applicable Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. The experimental program is largely complete, and the Compliance Certification Application(1) has been submitted to EPA. The WIPP is scheduled to open next year. The WIPP, which is located near Carlsbad, New Mexico, was built to accept the current inventory of TRU waste and future TRU waste. In working to open the facility, CAO's focus has been on previously generated waste. However, with the WIPP scheduled to open shortly, and with DOE facilities emphasizing clean-up (and thereby decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) waste), there is a need to undertake activities to meld WIPP's requirements and the DOE facilities' needs. The CAO is beginning to develop a disposal phase experimental program (DPEP). The DPEP will be designed to maintain compliance with the regulations and improve WIPP's and the national TRU system's operations. An important part of the latter includes performing experiments to obtain a better understanding of the sensitive parameters affecting WIPP's performance. It is felt that this greater understanding arising out of the DPEP may allow the waste characterization requirements to be reduced and the waste acceptance criteria for receipt of TRU waste to be expanded. This has potentially substantial institutional and cost benefits to the entire nation. Thus, it is critical that, as CAO embarks on a new experimental program, there be close dialog and coordination between the CAO and the DOE defense facilities. Close communication could reduce impacts to the D&D program and process, and the approaches by the DOE sites might also be reconsidered in order that WIPP's requirements are more easily achieved. Hence, if the D&D processes and plans are consistent with CAO's experimental program's goals and activities, institutional and cost benefits will accrue to the nation. C1 US DOE, Carlsbad Area Off, Carlsbad, NM 88221 USA. RP Matthews, M (reprint author), US DOE, Carlsbad Area Off, POB 3090, Carlsbad, NM 88221 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400006 ER PT B AU Fellhauer, CR Garlock, GA AF Fellhauer, CR Garlock, GA GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Decontamination and decommissioning of the JANUS reactor at the Argonne National Laboratory-East Site SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Argonne National Laboratory has begun the decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of the JANUS Reactor Facility. The project is managed by the Technology Development Division's D&D Program personnel. D&D procedures are performed by subcontractor personnel. Specific activities involving the removal, size reduction, and packaging of radioactive components and facilities are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fellhauer, CR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 94 EP 101 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400015 ER PT B AU Hockey, RL Nazareth, A Keck, K Dada, A Ferris, RH AF Hockey, RL Nazareth, A Keck, K Dada, A Ferris, RH GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI An eddy current approach to sorting high exposure radioactive hardware during facility decommissioning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB In the process of decommissioning and decontaminating Hanford's N-Basin, it was necessary to repackage High Exposure Rate Metal Hardware (HERMH) previously stored beneath 24 feet of low-visibility water. A cementitious grout was found to be the best packaging material for all HERMH, except aluminum components, which react with the grout to produce hydrogen gas. To prevent this potentially dangerous situation, it became necessary to reliably separate aluminum from non-aluminum HERMH. An eddy current system was developed for verification and assistance in the sorting process and found effective in positively identifying the composition of HERMH. This method has capability beyond a standard metal detector in that it can identify metal type. This paper summarizes current field experience at Hanford involving the detection and prevention of incompatible, highly radioactive materials with grouted packaging, conducted under remote handling conditions. C1 PNNL, Battelle, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hockey, RL (reprint author), PNNL, Battelle, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400016 ER PT B AU Shaw, RW Barshick, CM Young, JP Ramsey, JM AF Shaw, RW Barshick, CM Young, JP Ramsey, JM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Uranium isotope ratio measurements in field settings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect ID DISCHARGE OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY; HOLLOW-CATHODE DISCHARGE; DIODE-LASERS AB We have developed a technique for uranium isotope ratio measurements of powder samples in field settings. Such a method will be invaluable for environmental studies, radioactive waste operations, and decommissioning and decontamination operations. Immediate field data can help guide an ongoing sampling campaign. The measurement encompasses glow discharge sputtering from pressed sample hollow cathodes, high resolution laser spectroscopy using conveniently tunable diode lasers, and optogalvanic detection. At 10% U-235 enrichment and above, the measurement precision for U-235/(U-235+U-238) isotope ratios was +/- 3%; it declined to +/- 15% for 0.3% (i.e., depleted) samples. A prototype instrument was constructed and is described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shaw, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400019 ER PT B AU Zeighami, EA Goldberg, PF Spencer, KM AF Zeighami, EA Goldberg, PF Spencer, KM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI LEADIS - A computer decision system for identifying potentially contaminated nuclear material use sites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The objective of the Terminated License Review project is to review all terminated nuclear material licenses ever issued in the United States since inception of licensing (early 1950's). The review includes two objectives: (1) identify sites with potential for meaningful residual contamination; (2) identify sealed sources with incomplete accounting that could be a present public hazard. To date, the project itself has identified over 600 sites for further review, leading in some instances to site revisits and preliminary surveys. Thirty sites not previously known to be contaminated have been identified as having residual contamination in excess of guidelines through the project and subsequent NRC followup. In addition, several instances have been found of significant sealed sources that had dropped from regulatory oversight but were still at the former licensee's facility. The first level of the review to identify potential candidate licenses for further examination is carried out using a computer decision system named LEADIS, specifically developed for that purpose. This paper provides a description of the structure and logic of the LEADIS system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zeighami, EA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400022 ER PT B AU Henrikson, DJ AF Henrikson, DJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI A graded approach to safety analysis for Rover Processing Facility deactivation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Rover Fuels Processing Facility operated in the early 1980's, recovering uranium from graphite fuels. In 1996 clean-out began of uranium bearing material remaining in the Rover cells where combustion processes had occurred Success of the Rover Deactivation Project depends on the safe, timely, and cost-effective repackaging and removal of the uranium bearing material. Due to a number of issues which could not be resolved prior to clean-out, and consideration of cost and schedule objectives, a graded approach was taken to project design and criticality safety analysis. The safety authorization basis was upgraded primarily by a specific Deactivation addendum, instead of being completely rewritten to current format and content standards. In place of having all design activities completed prior to the start of the Deactivation, the project design and accompanying safety documentation evolved as the project progressed. The Unreviewed Safety Question determination process was used to ensure that new project activities were within the safety envelope. This graded approach allowed operational flexibility while maintaining a critically safe work environment. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Henrikson, DJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 150 EP 152 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400024 ER PT B AU Laudeman, M Condra, D Shipley, S AF Laudeman, M Condra, D Shipley, S GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Analysis of sludge ash for environmental availability and respirable activity as a means of assessing risk due to inhalation and ingestion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Environmental Survey and Site Assessment Program (ESSAP) of Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education analyzed sludge ash samples for environmental availability of uranium, respirable uranium activity and respirable mass. Environmental availability assesses the potential for contamination to be available to drinking water, plants or higher organisms. This information is necessary in assessing potential doses from residual radioactivity migrating into the environment. The dose pathway depends on contaminant solubility since this allows movement into surface or groundwater, uptake by plants and higher organisms and eventually, human ingestion. Therefore, environmental availability is assessed by measuring solubility of the contaminant as detailed in NUREG/CR-6232. Respirable activity assesses potential doses from inhalation of residual radioactivity typically by site decontamination workers. Inhalation depends on particle size of airborne material. Therefore, respirable activity is measured by separating particles that may be inhaled and measuring contaminant levels in these particles. Respirable mass measures the quantity in milligrams of sample material in each respirable particle size fraction. A novel approach to evaluate respirable mass and activity was employed to provide data prior to site remediation. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Laudeman, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400025 ER PT B AU Reichelt, RA Clay, ME Eichorst, AJ AF Reichelt, RA Clay, ME Eichorst, AJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Incidents of radioactive contamination migrating through protective clothing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The study focuses on incidents at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities involving the migration of radioactive contaminants through protective clothing. The authors analyzed 68 occurrence reports in order to characterize the (1) type of work; (2) working conditions; (3) type of anti-contamination (anti-C) material; (4) area of body or clothing contaminated; and (5) nature of spread of contamination. A majority of reports identified strenuous work activities such as maintenance, construction, or decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) projects. The reports also indicated adverse working conditions that included hot and humid or cramped work environments. The type of anti-C clothing most often identified was cotton or water-resistant, disposable clothing. Most of the reports also indicated contaminants migrating through perspiration-soaked areas, typically in the knees and forearms. On the basis of their survey, the authors recommend the use of resilient, breathable, waterproof protective clothing for work in hot, humid, or damp areas where the possibility of prolonged contact with contamination cannot be easily avoided or controlled and the use of improved engineering controls is restricted. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Reichelt, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop K999, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400026 ER PT B AU Skokan, B Thurston, M Kaminski, M AF Skokan, B Thurston, M Kaminski, M GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Parametric cost estimating for decontamination and decommissioning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Cost estimating models have been used for many years as a means to reduce the uncertainty in budget estimates and improve the contract preparation and negotiation process. There are several estimating methodologies that have been developed and standardized over time for this purpose. These include comparative analysis, quantity take-off or line item estimating, life cycle analysis, and parametric, or top-down modeling This article will describe the Department of Energy's (DOE) Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) Budget Estimating Support Tool, an addition to the parametric Remedial Action Cost Engineering and Requirements (RACER) System. Models for Surface Decontamination and the Segmenting and Dismantlement of Contaminated Building Structures will be discussed along with their integration into the system of models. An example problem win illustrate the rise of the D&D models and demonstrate how parametric toots standardize and improve the budget estimating process. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Skokan, B (reprint author), US DOE, EM-42,Cloverleaf Bldg, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 192 EP 198 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400030 ER PT B AU LaFrate, P Byars, L Terp, P Duffy, S AF LaFrate, P Byars, L Terp, P Duffy, S GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Los Alamos National Laboratory phase separator pit decommissioning project SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Decommissioning Program has decontaminated, demolished, and decommissioned a phase separator pit (PSP), a holdup tank building, and an air filter building (AFB) at Technical Area CTA) 35. TA-35, also known as Ten Site, is located in a finger mesa between Mortandad and Ten Site canyons. The main laboratory on this site, TA-35-2, was completed in 1951. Major research programs housed in this building included a hot cell used to prepare kilocurie sources of radioactive lanthanum (La-140), two experimental reactors (the Los Alamos Power Reactor Experiment [LAPRE-1] and the Los Alamos Molten Plutonium Reactor Experiment [LAMPRE]), plutonium research laboratories, and a lithium-tritide component development facility. The reactors were decommissioned and removed from the building in the early 1990s. A tritium facility operated in the building from 1954 until 1974 and underwent decommissioning in 1979. Building TA-35-2 exhausted both off-gas and liquids to the PSP for segregation and disposal processing. The PSP communicated with the AFB for filtering off-gas products and with the holdup tank building for processing liquid effluent. The PSP is a large below-grade concrete structure equipped with stainless steel separator vessels; a mixing apparatus for caustic substances; a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter bank; and liquid transfer pumps, lines, and related equipment. The PSP was designed to receive combined liquid and gaseous waste streams and to separate the liquid and gaseous phases by means of vortex shredding. Liquid wastes were collected and stored in three 1,300-gal. stainless steel underground storage tanks, caustic-treated for acidity in a 600-gal. stainless steel tank within the PSP, then discharged into the concrete holdup tanks. Radioactive air was sent from the PSP to the AFB. There, contaminated air passed through a series of air cleaning filters that were washed with tap water. The LANL PSP Decommissioning Project, which began in August 1995 and was completed in March 1997, removed a system of exhaust ductwork, above/below grade structures, and liquid waste holdup tanks. This paper summarizes the history of TA-35-2 reactor experiments, radiochemistry laboratory activities, and plutonium and tritium research activities; it provides a detailed discussion of decommissioning contractor selection, laboratory oversight of contractor activities, work process controls, characterization methodology, engineering controls, decontamination techniques, demolition methodology, waste management, waste minimization, and waste volume reduction. The challenge facing the LANL Decommissioning Program; the safe and economical decontamination and demolition of surplus facilities, and some unique solutions to tough problems ate detailed in this report. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP LaFrate, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K487, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 222 EP 228 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400035 ER PT B AU Yule, TJ Ditch, RW Fellhauer, CR Rose, RW Bhattacharyya, SK AF Yule, TJ Ditch, RW Fellhauer, CR Rose, RW Bhattacharyya, SK GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI The Decontamination, Decommissioning, and Reuse Program at Argonne National Laboratory-East SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Decontamination, Decommissioning, and Reuse (DD&R) Program at Argonne National Laboratory - East (ANL-E) is an integrated program consisting of operations, technology demonstrations, and technology development. The operations program is the focus of this paper. Three major, multi-year, multi-million dollar projects were recently completed: Experimental Boiling Water Reactor Project, Building 200 hi-Wing Hot Cells Projects and Building 212 Plutonium Glovebox Project. There are two ongoing projects: the CP-5 Reactor Project and the JANUS Reactor Project. The projects are described in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yule, TJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave TD-207, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400039 ER PT B AU Abelquist, EW AF Abelquist, EW GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Implementation of Multiagency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) survey methodologies at DOE FUSRAP sites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB This paper discusses implementation of the Multiagency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) at the Department of Energy's Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) sites. The MARSSIM survey methodology is compared to current survey methodology guidance followed at FUSRAP sites. In particular, the current approach for designing post-remedial action (post-RA) surveys will be compared to the MARSSIM final status survey methodology. The purpose of each survey is to demonstrate that release criteria established by the DOE have been met. The MARSSIM approach recommends the use of data quality objectives (DQOs) to ensure that collected survey data are sufficient to make defensible decisions on the completeness of remediation. The MARSSIM methodology allows flexibility in the determination of statistical sample size, emphasizes survey planning and the use of investigation levels during survey implementation and classifies site areas according to contamination potential. The MARSSIM also requires a reasonable level of assurance that any small areas of elevated residual radioactivity that could be significant relative to regulatory limits are not missed during the post-RA survey. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Survey & Site Assessment Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abelquist, EW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Survey & Site Assessment Program, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 259 EP 265 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400040 ER PT B AU Rimando, RV Dowd, AS AF Rimando, RV Dowd, AS GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Demolishing a tritium-contaminated exhaust stack amid an operating nuclear area SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Within the U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE) vast nuclear weapons production complex, explosives were not used to demolish radiologically contaminated structures. However, earlier this year at the Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina, the DOE-Savannah River Operations Office (SR) and its managing and integrating contractor, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC), successfully completed such a feat. Under contract to WSRC, Babcock & Wilcox Nuclear Environmental Services Incorporated (NESI) and Controlled Demolition Incorporated (CDI) toppled a 200-foot tall concrete exhaust stack amid an active nuclear industrial park while decommissioning a defunct tritium processing plant (see Figure I). In twelve seconds and using only ten pounds of dynamite, the stack crashed to the ground without compromising the safety of workers and without damaging surrounding buildings and structures. Despite the planing and coordination that took place over an Ig-month period, this innovative approach ultimately saved the American taxpayer about $500,000. C1 US DOE, Savannah River Operat Off, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Rimando, RV (reprint author), US DOE, Savannah River Operat Off, POB A, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400051 ER PT B AU Wagner, EP Griffith, DL Rivera, JM AF Wagner, EP Griffith, DL Rivera, JM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Design and operation of the Rover vacuum system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Rover process for recovering unused uranium from graphite fuels was operated during 1983 and 1984, and then shut down in 1983. The first steps of the process used fluidized alumina beds to burn away the graphite and produce a uranium bearing ask The ash was then transferred to a different process cell for acid dissolution. At the time of shutdown, a significant, but unmeasurable, quantity of highly enriched uranium was left in the process vessels. Normal decontamination procedures could not be used due to plugged process lines and the exclusion of moderator materials (water or finely divided organic substances) for criticality safety. The presence of highly enriched uranium in poorly defined quantity and configuration led to concerns for criticality safety, nuclear materials accountability; and physical security. A project was established to eliminate these concerns by cleaning and/or removing the process vessels, piping, and cells and sending the recovered Uranium Bearing Material (UBM) to secure storage. A key element of this project was the design of a system for collecting and transporting dry solids to a location where they could be loaded into critically favorable storage cans. Scoping studies had called for the design of two separate systems: one for draining the alumina beds from the two burner vessels, and a second system for general cleanup. The latter was to be powered by a large vacuum blower and supplied with inlet and outlet HEPA filters. Also, the then current design criteria required the use of welded stainless steel piping for all system components. Very large cost savings were realized by designing a single system which could perform both functions, bq reusing existing equipment for parts of the system, by making use of an existing off-gas system, and by adopting realistic and flexible design criteria. Among many challenges to the system design were the unknown physical form and location of the UBM, the presence of foreign materials charged with the fuel, debris which might be vacuumed up from the cell floors, and the complex construction of the burner vessels. To meet these challenges, the system was designed for maximum flexibility in physical configuration and operation, Design for efficient installation and operation was required to achieve ALARA goals in the highly contaminated and radioactive environment of the process cells. Mock-ups were used to test equipment designed for in-cell use, and to train operators. Operating procedures were written to allow flexibility, and to allow supervision to approve changes during operation Miniature video cameras which could be inserted into process vessels and pipes were used extensively to guide operations and to provide a videotape record of the uranium removal. The removal operations successfully recovered the UBM from all process vessels. Final uranium inventory for each vessel was estimated from analytical samples and the videotape record Determination of final recovery figures is nearly complete, and will be similar to 110 kg of U-235 in a matrix of similar to 1250 kg of UBM. C1 LMITCO, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wagner, EP (reprint author), LMITCO, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400053 ER PT B AU Black, DB Ditch, RW Henley, DR Seifert, LS AF Black, DB Ditch, RW Henley, DR Seifert, LS GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Deployment of remote dismantlement systems at the CP-5 reactor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Chicago Pile 5 (CP-5) Reactor Facility is currently undergoing decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Illinois site. CP-5 was the principal nuclear reactor used to produce neutrons for scientific research at Argonne from 1954 to 1979. The CP-5 reactor was a heavy-water moderated, enriched uranium-fueled reactor with a graphite reflector. The CP-5 D&D project includes the disassembly and removal of all radioactive components, equipment, and structures associated with the CP-5 facility. The Department of Energy's Robotics Technology Development Program along with the Federal Energy Technology Center, Morgantown Office, have provided teleoperated, remote systems for use in the dismantlement of the CP-5 reactor structure for tasks requiring remote dismantlement. These systems include the dual-arm work platform, the Rosie mobile D&D vehicle, the swing-reduced crane control system, and a remotely-operated crane control system. The dual-arm work platform is a robotic dismantlement system that includes a pair of Schilling Titan III hydraulic manipulators mounted on a special platform, a hydraulic power unit and an operator console. The Rosie mobile D&D work system developed by RedZone Robotics, inc. is an electro-hydraulic omni-directional locomotor platform with a heavy manipulator mounted on its deck. The Rosie vehicle moves about the floor around the CP-5 reactor block and is operated from a console in the control room. The swing-reduced crane control system has been installed on the CP-5 polar crane, and allows a load suspended from the crane hook to be moved while reducing the induced swing in the load. A remote control system and a rotating crane hook have also been added to the CP-5 polar crane. This paper discusses the status of these remote systems at CP-5 and the facility changes made to allow for their use in the dismantlement of the reactor structure internals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Black, DB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 364 EP 370 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400055 ER PT B AU Bossart, S Kasper, K AF Bossart, S Kasper, K GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Improved D&D through innovative technology deployment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Science and Technology (EM-50) has been demonstrating and deploying innovative decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) technologies through its Large-Scale Demonstration Program. Implemented by EM-SO's D&D Focus Area, the Large-Scale Demonstration Program will demonstrate over 50 innovative technologies during its first three Large-Scale Demonstration Projects (LSDP). It is anticipated that the innovative technologies that are successfully proven in the LSDPs will be recognized and further deployed in future D&D projects throughout the DOE Weapons Production Complex resulting in reduced D&D costs and a safer working environment. C1 US DOE, Morgantown Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Bossart, S (reprint author), US DOE, Morgantown Energy Technol Ctr, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400056 ER PT B AU Hyde, JM AF Hyde, JM GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Decontamination and decommissioning technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Office of Science and Technology in the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management in 1995 initiated the concept of using large scale demonstration projects for decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of various types of facilities. Innovative technologies are being demonstrated as part of the D&D effort. Goals are to collect cost and performance data for the innovative technology and compare these to commercially available baseline technologies. C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Hyde, JM (reprint author), US DOE, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 386 EP 389 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400058 ER PT B AU Rose, RW AF Rose, RW GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Deploying innovative technologies to improve DOE D&D project baselines SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The insertion of innovative technologies to replace baseline technologies used in cost estimation and planning of DOE D&D projects is considered a high risk endeavor by project and programmatic decision makers. It is almost always considered safer to go with the "devil you know" than use a new or untried technology, methodology or system. The decision on the specific technology to be utilized to remediate a problem is often made months or years in advance of execution, and the highly proscriptive documentation of agreements necessary to obtain stakeholder and regulator approval of remedial plans is often counterproductive to considering improved technologies. There are many deterrents to the deployment of innovative technologies and untried methodologies. These barriers can be categorized into four general areas: A. Lack of Technical Basis and Benchmarking Information B. Administrative Inertia C. Institutional Infrastructure D. Insufficient Emphasis on Long Term Return on Investment This paper will present some real-life experiences obtained in the CP-5 Large Scale Demonstration Project and provide recommendations on how to minimize and, in some cases, overcome these institutional barriers to innovative technology deployment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rose, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 390 EP 394 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400059 ER PT B AU Rogers, RD Hamilton, MA Nelson, LO Green, M AF Rogers, RD Hamilton, MA Nelson, LO Green, M GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Microbially influenced degradation: A new innovative technology for the decontamination of radioactively contaminated concrete SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Because there are literally square kilometers of radioactively contaminated concrete surfaces within the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex, the task (both scope and cost) of decontamination is staggering. Complex-wide cleanup using conventional methodology does not appear to be feasible for every facility because of prioritization, cost, and manual effort required. We are investigating the feasibility of using microbially influenced degradation (MID) of concrete as a unique, innovative approach for the decontamination of concrete. Currently, work is being conducted to determine the practicality and cost effectiveness of using this environmentally acceptable method for decontamination of large surface concrete structures. Initial field application data from an ongoing pilot-scale demonstration have shown that an average of 2 mm of surface can be removed from meter-square areas of contaminated concrete. Methodologies for field application of die process are being developed and will be tested. This paper provides information on the MID process and results from the pilot field application. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rogers, RD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400073 ER PT B AU Rubin, JB Carey, JW Taylor, CMV AF Rubin, JB Carey, JW Taylor, CMV GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Enhancement of cemented waste forms by supercritical CO2 carbonation of standard portland cements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB We are conducting experiments on an innovative transformation concept, using a traditional immobilization technique, that may significantly reduce the volume of hazardous and/or radioactive waste requiring transport and long-term storage. The standard practice for the stabilization of radioactive salts and residues is to mix them with cements, which may include additives to enhance immobilization. Many of these wastes do not qualify for underground disposition, however, because they do not meet disposal requirements for free liquids, decay heat, head-space gas analysis, and/or leachability. The treatment method alters the bulk properties of a cemented wasteform by greatly accelerating the natural cement-aging reactions, producing a chemically stable form having reduced free liquids, as well as reduced porosity, permeability and pH. These structural and chemical changes should allow for greater actinide loading, as well as reduced mobility of the anions, cations, and radionuclides in aboveground and underground repositories. Simultaneously, the treatment process removes a majority of the hydrogenous material from the cement. The treatment method allows for on-line process monitoring of leachates and can be transported into the field. We will describe the general features of supercritical fluids, as well as the application of these fluids to the treatment of solid and semi-solid waste forms. Some of the issues concerning the economic feasibility of industrial scale-up will be addressed, with particular attention to the engineering requirements for the establishment of on-site processing facilities. Finally, the initial results of physical property measurements made on portland cements before and after supercritical fluid processing will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Organ Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rubin, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Organ Chem Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400074 ER PT B AU Boing, LE AF Boing, LE GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Beneficial re-use of decommissioned former nuclear facilities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB With the decision to decommission a nuclear facility, it is necessary to evaluate whether to fully demolish a facility or to re-use the facility in some capacity. This evaluation is often primarily driven by both the past mission of the site and the facility and the site's perceived future mission. In the case where the facility to be decommissioned is located within a large research or industrial complex and represents a significant resource to the site's future mission, it may be a perfect candidate to be re-used in some fashion. However, if the site is a rather remote older facility with little chance of being modified to today's standards for its re-use, the chances for its re-use will be substantially reduced. In this presentation, some specific cases of former nuclear facilities being decommissioned and re-used will be reviewed and some factors required to be considered in making this decision will be reviewed. At the ANL-East site, three former nuclear-facilities have been fully re-utilized and another has been partially re-utilized. At the former Experimental Boiling Water Reactor (EBWR) facility, after decommissioning was completed and the facility was released, the structure was turned over to the on-site Waste Management Operations for modification into a packaged TRU waste storage facility. At another on-site facility, nine research laboratories formerly housing over 60 plutonium gloveboxes have been re-utilized for non-radiological research including an electron-microscopy laboratory. The former Plutonium Fabrication Facility (Bldg. 350) has been re-used for the DOE New Brunswick Laboratory. The CP-5 Research Reactor recently released a small domed out-building formerly used for facility emergency ventilation (during reactor operations) for re-use as a road salt storage facility for use by the Plant Facilities and Services Group. Numerous other sites have re-used former nuclear facilities for a variety of purposes: a former research reactor building is now being used as a experimental waste reduction facility, a former plutonium fuels fabrication facility is being re-utilized as a laser R&D laboratory, a former boiling water reactor containment building is now being used for computer tomography R&D, several former fuel processing buildings at a major fuel processing complex have been reutilized for other R&D, plant support services, or for waste storage/decontamination, a former fuel fabrication plant now being utilized after decommissioning as a gaming establishment, former commercial reactor plants are now being utilized as: municipal vehicle maintenance service centers, repowered using natural gas as the heat source, a former fuel reprocessing facility has decontaminated and decommissioned a set of hot cells to allow for the eventual reutilization of the cells for vitrification of liquid HLW stored in the same facility. Factors to be considered in making a decision regarding the re-use of a facility after decommissioning must be made on a case-by-case basis. Among the factors to be evaluated are: likely degree of structural degradation in doing the D&D, cost savings to be realized and are they economically justifiable, age of the structure and its current condition, plans for long-term site use, compliance with relevant codes for today's reuse versus yesterdays construction and operational standards, costs of performing any modifications to make the facility usable after D&D is completed, acceptable residual activation or contamination levels for the re-use mission. The re-use of facilities after decommissioning is not only feasible, but has been done in numerous instances and using an evaluation process that considered many of the factors described above. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boing, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 529 EP 534 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400082 ER PT B AU Egidi, PV AF Egidi, PV GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI The independent verification process in decommissioning, decontamination, and reutilization activities - Description, benefits, and lessons learned SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Technology Section (ORNL/ETS) has been performing Independent Verification (IV) activities for U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites since 1986. DOE has successfully used IV in various programs; including the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Program, Decontamination and Decommissioning projects, and Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Projects/Surplus Facilities Management Program. Projects that have undergone IV range from small residential properties to large, industrial sites. The IV process provides a third-party review conducted by an "independent" organization not directly associated with the project. The purpose of IV is to verify accuracy and completeness of contractor field measurements and final documentation, evaluate the credibility of procedures followed, that results in an independent assessment of post-cleanup conditions versus decommissioning project plans and release criteria, prior to project closeout. Document reviews of plans, dose models, procedures, and reports are some IV activities undertaken. Independent measurements are also collected during field visits to confirm the contractor's findings. Corrective actions for discrepancies are suggested if necessary. Finally, archival and reporting of the final site environmental conditions for project closeout and certification are completed. The IV contractor reports to DOE headquarters and acts as a quality assurance feedback mechanism. An IV also adds to the stakeholder process by providing additional assurance that projects are planned, carried out, and documented properly, Decommissioning projects benefit from the IV process by: 1) cost and time savings from early identification of potential problems, 2) assurance that the cleanup meets regulatory guidelines, and 3) technical reviews and consultation with experts in field instrumentation, sampling strategy, etc. Some lessons learned from the IV process include avoiding: 1) use of improper survey techniques, 2) reporting data in units not comparable with guideline values, 3) premature release of surfaces, 4) poor decommissioning project planning, 5) misapplication of release guidelines. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Technol Sect, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. RP Egidi, PV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Technol Sect, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 535 EP 539 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400083 ER PT B AU Schweitzer, M Carnes, SA Peelle, EB Wolfe, AK AF Schweitzer, M Carnes, SA Peelle, EB Wolfe, AK GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Measuring the accomplishments of public participation programs: Overview of a methodological study performed for DOE's Office of Environmental Management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Recently, staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory performed a study for the Office of Intergovernmental and Public Accountability within the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Environmental Management (EM), examining how to measure the success of public participation programs. While the study began with a thorough literature review, the primary emphasis of this research effort was on getting key stakeholders to help identify attributes of successful public participation in EM activities and to suggest how those attributes might be measured. interviews were conducted at nine DOE sites that provided substantial variety in terms of geographic location, types of environmental management activities undertaken, the current life-cycle stage of those EM efforts, and the public participation mechanisms utilized. Approximately 12 to 15 oral interviews were conducted at each site, and each respondent also was asked to complete a written survey. Those interviewed included: non-regulatory state and local government officials; project managers and public participation staff for DOE and its management and operations contractors; non-government groups concerned with environmental protection, public safety, and health issues; federal and state environmental regulators; business organizations; civic groups; and other interested parties. While this study examined only those public participation programs sponsored by DOE, the resulting findings also have applicability to the public involvement efforts sponsored by many other public and private sector organizations. The written survey asked respondents to rate 16 different attributes on the basis of how important they believed each one to be for evaluating the success of the DOE public participation programs with which they had been involved. A follow-up question asked each respondent to list the five attributes that they considered most important for evaluating DOE's public participation efforts. In addition, respondents were asked to suggest specific performance indicators-measurable factors that can be used to gauge the extent to which a specific public participation activity has been successful according to a given attribute of success. Based on the information provided, we identified a set of seven key attributes of success that we suggest be used in future evaluations of DOE's public participation programs. These suggested attributes place more emphasis on process, understanding, and decisions than on directly measuring the effects of the decisions that are made, reflecting the apparent belief of most respondents that if the process is fair, if understanding and trust are enhanced, and if good decisions are reached, then the ultimate effects of the decisions will be acceptable. For each of our suggested attributes of success, we developed one or more indicators that could be used to measure performance in any subsequent evaluation. Half of these indicators are "behavioral" - that is, they focus on actual events and actions - while the other half are "perceptual," eliciting the impressions of key stakeholders regarding program performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schweitzer, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 568 EP 575 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400088 ER PT B AU Akers, DW Stoots, CM Kraft, NC Marts, DJ AF Akers, DW Stoots, CM Kraft, NC Marts, DJ GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Rover Waste Assay System SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB The Rover Waste Assay System (RWAS) is a nondestructive assay system designed for the rapid assay of highly-enriched U-235 contaminated piping, tank sections, and debris from the Rover nuclear rocket fuel processing facility at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant. A scanning system translates a NaI(T1) detector/collimator system over the structural components where both relative and calibrated measurements for Cs-137, made. Uranium-235 concentrations are determined from Cs-137/U-235 ratios measured using radiochemical methods. The system is currently in operation and is sufficiently automated that most functions are performed by the computer system. These functions include system calibration, problem identification, collimator control, data analysis, and reporting. Calibration of the system was done through a combination of measurements on calibration standards and benchmarked modeling. A description of the system is presented along with the methods and uncertainties associated with the calibration and analysis of the system for components from the Rover facility. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Akers, DW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400089 ER PT B AU Vitkus, TJ Abelquist, EW AF Vitkus, TJ Abelquist, EW GP AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC AMER NUCL SOC TI Surface contamination assessment during decommissioning at DOE uranium, thorium and radium sites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TOPICAL MEETING ON DECOMMISSIONING, DECONTAMINATION AND REUTILIZATION OF COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENT FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on Decommissioning, Decontamination and Reutilization of Commercial and Government Facilities CY SEP 07-12, 1997 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc Decommiss, Decontamin & Reutilizat Div, Fuel Cycle & Waste Management Div, Oak Ridge, Knoxville Loc Sect AB Department of Energy (DOE) sites being remediated where uranium, thorium or radium are the principal radiological contaminants offer particular challenges for demonstrating compliance with surface contamination release criteria. Factors that must be accounted for prior to designing the radiological survey include the form of the uranium or thorium (i.e., natural ore versus processed material) - and the resultant impact on the isotopic abundances and progeny mixtures. This information is then used for selecting instrumentation, developing appropriate instrument calibration procedures for measuring residual surface activity, and interpreting the data to adequately assess the final radiological status of the facility. Examples of sites discussed include those where the primary contaminants are natural uranium, processed uranium and resultant tailings, and thorium. Surface activity guidelines for uranium, thorium and radium are currently classified according to one of three categories (U.S. DOE Order 5400.5, 1990). The uranium surface activity guidelines-in terms of alpha activity - are applicable to both uranium ore (entire decay series present) and processed uranium - defined as U-238 and its immediate two progeny, U-234 and U-235 and its immediate progeny. The Ra-226 and Th-230 surface activity guidelines are applicable to mill tailings, which have a guideline 50 times more restrictive than those for uranium. The surface activity guidelines for thorium apply independently to both alpha and beta measurements of surface contamination - i.e., both should be measured and compared to the guideline for thorium to demonstrate compliance. For situations where the site is contaminated with uranium, Ra-226 and Th-230 investigation and characterization may be needed to establish the equilibrium status of the uranium decay series. For example, based on the analysis of representative samples from an area, if the activity of the U-238 is greater than or generally equal to the activity of Th-230 and Ra-226, then the progeny are considered decay products and the uranium surface activity guidelines apply. Alternatively, if the activity of Th-230 or Ra-226 exceeds the activity of U-238, then the guideline for Th-230 and Ra-226 applies. By performing a historical site assessment - including an evaluation of a facility's operations and results of past survey activities, supplemented by adequate characterization of current radiological conditions, a successful post-remedial action survey can be designed. This characterization must account for the uranium and thorium isotopic abundances and the equilibrium conditions. The information assembled from this evaluation will permit one to adequately consider the multiple factors that impact the survey design and data evaluation process. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Environm Survey & Site Assessment Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vitkus, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Environm Survey & Site Assessment Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PARK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PARK, IL 60525 USA BN 0-89448-628-4 PY 1997 BP 605 EP 611 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN86Y UT WOS:000083285400093 ER PT B AU Piscotty, MA Davis, PJ Saito, TT Blaedel, KL Griffith, L AF Piscotty, MA Davis, PJ Saito, TT Blaedel, KL Griffith, L GP AMER SOC PRECIS ENGN AMER SOC PRECIS ENGN TI In-process EDM truing to generate complex contours on metal-bond, superabrasive grinding wheels for precision grinding structural ceramics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Precision-Engineering CY OCT 05-10, 1997 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Precis Engn, Elsevier Sci Inc, Photon Spectra C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Piscotty, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave Livermore, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PRECISION ENGINEERING PI RALEIGH PA 401 OBERLIN RD, SUITE 108, PO BOX 10826, RALEIGH, NC 27605-0826 USA BN 1-887706-18-6 PY 1997 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BM12N UT WOS:000077690100063 ER PT S AU Schoenwald, DA AF Schoenwald, DA GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Modeling and real-time control of plasma-based wafer etching SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-NINTH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory CY MAR 09-11, 1997 CL COOKEVILLE, TN SP Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Control Syst Soc, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Elect Power AB In this paper, modeling and control issues involved with the use of plasmas in wafer etching processes is analyzed. Controlling plasmas is a key aspect of semiconductor wafer manufacturing due to the increased performance expectations of plasma etching. These expectations are a reduction in feature size and production with larger wafers. Innovations in plasma etching processes that can enable these performance expectations are the use of multiple-strap antenna, systems to provide active uniformity control and stabilization of certain types of electronegative plasma instabilities. The implementation of these innovations requires the use of a model-based central system that will in itself lead to improved performance. This application of control theory to plasmas will also benefit thin film processing in general including flat panel displays and various types of coatings. RP Schoenwald, DA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV INSTRUMENTAT & CONTROLS,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 0094-2898 BN 0-8186-7873-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 1997 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1109/SSST.1997.581694 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH39D UT WOS:A1997BH39D00079 ER PT B AU Ashby, CIH Sullivan, JP Newcomer, PP Missert, NA Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Baca, AG AF Ashby, CIH Sullivan, JP Newcomer, PP Missert, NA Hou, HQ Hammons, BE Baca, AG BE Buckley, DN Chu, SNG Hou, SQ Sah, RE Vilcot, JP Deen, MJ TI Wet oxidation of AlxGa1-xAs: Arsenic barriers on the road to MIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXVI) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th State of the Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XXVI) at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB Three characteristic regimes have been identified during the wet thermal oxidation of AlxGa1-xAs (1 greater than or equal to x greater than or equal to 0.90) on GaAs: 1) oxidation of Al and Ga in the AlxGa1-xAs alloy to form an amorphous oxide layer, 2) formation and elimination of elemental As (both crystalline and amorphous) and of amorphous As2O3, and 3) crystallization of the oxide film. Residual As can produce up to a 100-fold increase in leakage current and a 30% increase in the bulk dielectric constant. Very low As levels produce partial Fermi-level pinning at the oxidized AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs interface. Local Schottky-barrier pinning of the Fermi-level at As precipitates at the oxide/GaAs interface may be the source of the apparent high interface state density. The presence of thermodynamically-favored interfacial As may impose a fundamental limitation on the application of AlGaAs wet oxidation for achieving MIS devices without post-oxidation processing to remove the residual As from the interface. RP Ashby, CIH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-128-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BH73D UT WOS:A1997BH73D00008 ER PT B AU Jones, ED AF Jones, ED BE Buckley, DN Chu, SNG Hou, SQ Sah, RE Vilcot, JP Deen, MJ TI Band structure parameters for quantum wells: Magnetoluminescence determinations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXVI) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th State of the Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XXVI) at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB We report on low-temperature magnetoluminescence determinations of bandstructure parameters for an 8.5nm-wide n-type In0.20Ga0.80As/GaAs strained single-quantum well structure. We find that the conduction-band is almost parabolic, with its mass varying from 0.067m0 at zone center to 0.069m(0) at a Fermi energy E-f approximate to 50 meV, and that the valence-bands are highly non-parabolic with the Valence band masses m(v) varying from about 0.1m(0) at zone center to about 0.3m(0) for large k-vectors. A comparison with a k.p calculation for the valence-band mass and dispersion curve show good agreement. An accurate and unambiguous determination for the bandgap energy E-gap is made by extrapolating the magnetic field dependent Landau level transition energies to zero field. RP Jones, ED (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-128-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BH73D UT WOS:A1997BH73D00016 ER PT B AU Baca, AG Sherwin, ME Zolper, JC Shul, RJ Briggs, RD Heise, JA Robertson, PJ Hafich, MF AF Baca, AG Sherwin, ME Zolper, JC Shul, RJ Briggs, RD Heise, JA Robertson, PJ Hafich, MF BE Buckley, DN Chu, SNG Hou, SQ Sah, RE Vilcot, JP Deen, MJ TI 0.5 mu m E/D AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure field effect transistor technology with DFET threshold adjust implant SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SIXTH STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXVI) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th State of the Art Program on Compound Semiconductors (SOTAPOCS XXVI) at the 191st Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 04-09, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div AB A doped-channel heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET) technology has been developed with self-aligned refractory gate processing and using both enhancement- and depletion-mode transistors. D-HFET devices are obtained with a threshold voltage adjust implant into material designed for E-HFET operation. Both E- and D-HFETs utilize W/WSi bilayer gates, sidewall spacers, and rapid thermal annealing for controlling short channel effects. The 0.5 mu m E-HFETs (D-HFETs) have been demonstrated with transconductance of 425 mS/mm (265-310 mS/mm) and f(t) of 45-50 GHz. Ring oscillator gate delays of 19 ps with a power of 0.6 mW have been demonstrated using direct coupled FET logic. These results are comparable to previous doped-channel HFET devices and circuits fabricated by selective reactive ion etching rather than ion implantation for threshold voltage adjustment. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-128-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA BH73D UT WOS:A1997BH73D00021 ER PT B AU Malon, DM May, EN AF Malon, DM May, EN BE Jarke, M Carey, M Dittrich, KR Lochovsky, F Loucopoulos, P Jeusfeld, MA TI Critical database technologies for high energy physics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VERY LARGE DATABASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Very Large Databases CY AUG 26-29, 1997 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Commercial Bank Greece, Gen Secretariat Res & Technol, Greek Comp Soc, Greek State Lotteries, Greek Minist Finance, State Lottery Serv, INTRACOM Grp Companies, Microsoft Hellas, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Olymp Airways, Oracle Corp, RTTH Aachen, Siemens Nixdorf Informat Sys S A AB A number of large-scale high energy physics experiments loom on the horizon, several of which will generate many petabytes of scientific data annually. A variety of exploratory projects are underway within the physics computing community to investigate approaches to managing this data. There are conflicting views of this massive data problem: there is far too much data to manage effectively within a genuine database; there is far too much data to manage effectively without a genuine database; and many people hold both views. The pur pose of this paper is to begin a dialog between the computational physics and very large database communities on such problems, and to stimulate research in directions that will be of benefit to both groups. This paper will attempt to outline the nature and scope of these massive data problems, survey several of the approaches being explored by the physics community, and suggest areas in which high energy physicists hope to look to the database community for assistance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Malon, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 1-55860-470-7 PY 1997 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BK58G UT WOS:000072616400062 ER PT S AU Harbottle, G AF Harbottle, G BE Edgren, T TI C-14 dating the Vinland Map: Problems, procedures and results SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE VII NORDIC CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY SE ISKOS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT VIIth Nordic Conference on the Application of Scientific Methods in Archaeology CY SEP 07-11, 1996 CL SAVONLINNA, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Nordic Acad Adv Study C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUOMEN MUINAISMUISTOYHDISTYS - ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOC FINLAND PI HELSINKI PA PL 913, SF-00101 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3108 BN 951-9057-27-7 J9 ISKOS PY 1997 VL 11 BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA BP07U UT WOS:000084056500002 ER PT B AU Siantar, CLH Bergstrom, PM Chandler, WP Chase, L Cox, LJ Daly, TP Garrett, D Hornstein, SM House, RK Moses, EI Patterson, RW Rathkopf, JA vonWittenau, AS AF Siantar, CLH Bergstrom, PM Chandler, WP Chase, L Cox, LJ Daly, TP Garrett, D Hornstein, SM House, RK Moses, EI Patterson, RW Rathkopf, JA vonWittenau, AS BE Leavitt, DD Starkschall, G TI Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's PEREGRINE Project SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN RADIATION THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy (XIIth ICCR) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Nomos, Nucletron, Philips, RAHD, Siemens, Varian RP Siantar, CLH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-77-4 PY 1997 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ50S UT WOS:A1997BJ50S00007 ER PT B AU Cox, LJ vonWittenau, AES Bergstrom, PM Mohan, R Libby, B Wu, Q Lovelock, DMJ AF Cox, LJ vonWittenau, AES Bergstrom, PM Mohan, R Libby, B Wu, Q Lovelock, DMJ BE Leavitt, DD Starkschall, G TI Photon beam description in PEREGRINE for Monte Carlo dose calculations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN RADIATION THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy (XIIth ICCR) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Nomos, Nucletron, Philips, RAHD, Siemens, Varian RP Cox, LJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-77-4 PY 1997 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ50S UT WOS:A1997BJ50S00049 ER PT B AU vonWittenau, AES Cox, LJ Bergstrom, PM Hornstein, SM Mohan, R Libby, B Wu, Q Lovelock, DMJ AF vonWittenau, AES Cox, LJ Bergstrom, PM Hornstein, SM Mohan, R Libby, B Wu, Q Lovelock, DMJ BE Leavitt, DD Starkschall, G TI Treatment ol patient-dependent beam modifiers in photon treatments by the Monte Carlo dose calculation code PEREGRINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN RADIATION THERAPY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy (XIIth ICCR) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Nomos, Nucletron, Philips, RAHD, Siemens, Varian RP vonWittenau, AES (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 BN 0-944838-77-4 PY 1997 BP 146 EP 149 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ50S UT WOS:A1997BJ50S00050 ER PT B AU Bjorken, JD AF Bjorken, JD CA MiniMax Collaboration BE deDeus, JD Sa, P Pimenta, M Ramos, S Seixas, J TI A search for disoriented chiral condensate at Fermilab SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE XXVI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MULTIPARTICLE DYNAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVI International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics CY SEP 01-05, 1996 CL UNIV ALGARVE, CAMPUS GAMBELAS, FARO, PORTUGAL SP Junta Nacl Investigacao Cient & Tecnol, Fundacao Luso Amer Desenvolvimento, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, Caixa Geral Depositos, European Phys Soc, Soc Portuguesa Fis, Univ Algarve, Inst Super Tecnico, Grp Teorico Altas Energias, Lab Instrumentacao & Particulas, Ctr Fis Interacaoes Fundamentais, Ctr Multidisciplinar Astrofis HO UNIV ALGARVE, CAMPUS GAMBELAS AB A small test/experiment has been performed at the Fermilab Collider which measures charged particle and photon multiplicities in the forward direction, eta approximate to 4.1, with the primary goal to search for disoriented chiral condensate (DCC). We describe the experiment and analysis methods, together with preliminary results. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bjorken, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3146-6 PY 1997 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BK31M UT WOS:000071758700010 ER PT B AU Prichard, P Besser, M Sordelet, D Anderson, I AF Prichard, P Besser, M Sordelet, D Anderson, I BE Battle, TP Henein, H TI Reactive plasma atomization of aluminum nitride powder SO PROCESSING AND HANDLING OF POWDERS AND DUSTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Processing and Handling of Powders and Dusts, at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB Experiments were performed to synthesize AIN powders by reacting Al with N using a conventional DC are plasma as a hear source. Attempts to form AIN powders by feeding Al powder into an argon/nitrogen plasma open to the atmosphere produced mainly aluminum oxide. Subsequent experiments were run inside a chamber which was backfilled with nitrogen. The nitrogen environment suppressed the formation of aluminum oxide, but little AIN was formed by using Al powder as the feedstock material. A furnace and crucible assembly was designed to feed molten A directly into a DeLaval nozzle attached to the face of the DC are plasma gun. The submicron powders formed using this arrangement show a significant increase in the level of AIN formation. The presence of AIN was verified by chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results were dependent upon chamber pressure, plasma velocity and molten liquid feed rate. The experimental parameters, equipment design and results will be reported in detail. The effects of atomization, vaporization and condensation on the reaction product will be discussed. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prichard, P (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-359-7 PY 1997 BP 35 EP 48 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK35U UT WOS:000071898000004 ER PT B AU Langner, GC Creek, KL Castro, RG AF Langner, GC Creek, KL Castro, RG BE Battle, TP Henein, H TI Control of beryllium powder at a doe facility SO PROCESSING AND HANDLING OF POWDERS AND DUSTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Processing and Handling of Powders and Dusts, at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY FEB 09-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB Although only a small percentage of the general population and work force will face exposure to airborne beryllium, the effects of this exposure to the individual can be permanent and devastating. One effect, chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a granulomas and fibrotic lung disease with long latency, can be developed after inhalation exposures to beryllium. In this study, the principal investigators conducted a hazard characterization of the beryllium powder plasma spray operation at Los Alamos National Laboratory using side-by-side, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIES) sampling with conventional industrial hygiene techniques, We used results of the sampling data to reevaluate work practices and engineering controls associated with the plasma spray operation. As a consequence, work practices have changed and new engineering controls and facility design changes will be implemented. These revised engineering controls include modifications to the beryllium spray chamber and design of auxilliary equipment used during routine spray chamber maintenance. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Langner, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-359-7 PY 1997 BP 103 EP 110 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Ceramics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK35U UT WOS:000071898000010 ER PT J AU Deevi, SC Sikka, VK Liu, CT AF Deevi, SC Sikka, VK Liu, CT TI Processing, properties, and applications of nickel and iron aluminides SO PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Festschrift on Progress in Materials Science in Honour of Professor Robert W Cahn CY DEC, 1995 CL BANGALORE, INDIA SP Indian Inst Met, Bangalore chapter, Mat Res Soc India ID ENVIRONMENTAL EMBRITTLEMENT; NI3AL; BOUNDARIES; FRACTURE; BORON C1 Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Deevi, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 30 TC 205 Z9 220 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6425 J9 PROG MATER SCI JI Prog. Mater. Sci. PY 1997 VL 42 IS 1-4 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0079-6425(97)00014-5 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YT046 UT WOS:000071558600013 ER PT S AU Lee, IY AF Lee, IY BE Faessler, A TI Physics with GAMMASPHERE and beyond SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 38: 4(PI) HIGH RESOLUTION GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - 4pi High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure CY SEP 16-24, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY ID SUPERDEFORMED BAND; SYMMETRY RP Lee, IY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, 1 CYCLOTRON RD, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-08-043101-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1997 VL 38 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00009-4 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH98Y UT WOS:A1997BH98Y00009 ER PT S AU Cwiok, S Dobaczewski, J Heenen, PH Magierski, P Nazarewicz, W AF Cwiok, S Dobaczewski, J Heenen, PH Magierski, P Nazarewicz, W BE Faessler, A TI The octupole susceptibility of superheavy nuclei SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 38: 4(PI) HIGH RESOLUTION GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - 4pi High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure CY SEP 16-24, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY ID CO-59+BI-209 REACTION C1 UNIV WARSAW, INST THEORET PHYS, PL-00681 WARSAW, POLAND. FREE UNIV BRUSSELS, SERV PHYS NUCL THEOR, B-1050 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. ROYAL INST TECHNOL, PHYS DEPT FRESCATI, S-10405 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PHYS, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV PHYS, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP WARSAW UNIV TECHNOL, INST PHYS, KOSZYKOWA 75, PL-00662 WARSAW, POLAND. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-08-043101-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1997 VL 38 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00013-6 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH98Y UT WOS:A1997BH98Y00013 ER PT S AU Lieb, KP Harder, A Rudolph, D Donau, F Gelletly, W Gross, CJ Jungclaus, A Sheikh, JA AF Lieb, KP Harder, A Rudolph, D Donau, F Gelletly, W Gross, CJ Jungclaus, A Sheikh, JA BE Faessler, A TI High-spin spectroscopy near the deformed N approximate to Z approximate to 38 shell gap: The light Rb isotopes SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 38: 4(PI) HIGH RESOLUTION GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - 4pi High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure CY SEP 16-24, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY ID BAND CROSSINGS; PROTON; Y-83; STATES; NUCLEI; KR-78; LINE AB Nuclei near the prolate single-particle energy gap at proton number Z = 38 (epsilon(2) approximate to +0.38) and neutron number N approximate to Z offer unique possibilities to study the pn-interaction at large quadrupole deformation, In the yrast band of the Z = N = 37 nucleus Rb-74, We have identified a crossing of the T = 1 pn-paired band (even spins) with the T = 0 pn-unpaired band (odd spins). In Rb-77, the positive-parity yrast and yrare bands have been followed over large spin ranges and assigned different 1qp-proton 2qp-neutron structures. These band crossings do not follow the usual pattern of two identical particles aligning in high-j orbits, In addition, an aligned g(9/2) proton-neutron negative-parity sequence with K = 11/2 has been identified in Rb-77 Rotational bands with more conventional band crossings have also been found. C1 UNIV SURREY, GUILDFORD GU2 5XH, SURREY, ENGLAND. ROSSENDORF INC, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM ROSSENDORF EV, D-01314 DRESDEN, GERMANY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Lieb, KP (reprint author), UNIV GOTTINGEN, INST PHYS 2, D-37073 GOTTINGEN, GERMANY. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-08-043101-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1997 VL 38 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00015-X PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH98Y UT WOS:A1997BH98Y00015 ER PT S AU Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Kormicki, J Babu, BRS Sandulescu, A Florescu, A Greiner, W TerAkopian, GM Oganessian, YT Daniel, AV Zhu, SJ Wang, MG Ginter, T Deng, JK Ma, WC Popeko, GS Lu, QH Jones, E Dodder, R Gore, P Nazarewicz, W Rasmussen, JO Asztalos, S Lee, IY Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Macchiavelli, AO Mohar, MF Prussin, S Stoyer, MA Lougheed, RW Moody, KJ Wild, JF Bernstein, LA Becker, JA Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Dardenne, YX Drigert, MW ButlerMoore, K Donangelo, R Griffin, HC AF Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Kormicki, J Babu, BRS Sandulescu, A Florescu, A Greiner, W TerAkopian, GM Oganessian, YT Daniel, AV Zhu, SJ Wang, MG Ginter, T Deng, JK Ma, WC Popeko, GS Lu, QH Jones, E Dodder, R Gore, P Nazarewicz, W Rasmussen, JO Asztalos, S Lee, IY Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Macchiavelli, AO Mohar, MF Prussin, S Stoyer, MA Lougheed, RW Moody, KJ Wild, JF Bernstein, LA Becker, JA Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Dardenne, YX Drigert, MW ButlerMoore, K Donangelo, R Griffin, HC BE Faessler, A TI New cold and ultra hot binary and cold ternary spontaneous fission modes for Cf-252 and new band structures with gammasphere SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 38: 4(PI) HIGH RESOLUTION GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - 4pi High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure CY SEP 16-24, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY ID OCTUPOLE DEFORMATION; HIGH SPINS; ISOTOPES; STATES; NUCLEI; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION; RADIOACTIVITY; MOMENTS; REGION AB Prompt gamma-gamma-gamma and x-gamma-gamma coincidence studies following the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 were carried out first at Oak Ridge then at Gammasphere first with 36 and later with 72 Ge and two x-ray detectors and a long x-ray-gamma coincidence experiment at Idaho. Many new cases of correlated pairs in cold (zero neutron emission) binary fission are observed and for the first lime the heavier correlated pairs are identified in ternary fission where the third partners are alpha, He-6 (or alpha 2n), Be-10 and, tentatively, C-14. Theoretical calculations were carried out of the relative yields of cold binary and ternary fission. There is reasonable agreement between the relative theoretical and experimental yields. New level structures and isotopes include new octupole deformations, identical bands and other structures. Stable octupole deformation is now observed in N = 86, Xe-140, Ba-142 and Ba-144 and Ba-143, Ba-148 and to higher spin in Ba-144. The Ba142-146 data provide the first evidence for the predicted disappearance of stable octupole deformation at high spins from band crossings. Identical yrast bands are observed with widely different neutron and proton numbers in Sr-98,Sr-100, (RU)-R-108,110, Pd-112,Pd-116, Ba-144,Ba-146, Nd-152,Nd-154,Nd-156, Sm-156, Gd-160 and a new type of shifted identical bands in Sm-156,Sm-158,Sm-160, well as the first identical octupole bands in Ba-142,Ba-144. Other new level structures are found. Yields and neutron multiplicities were measured directly for Sr-Nd, Zr-Ce, Mo-Ba, Ru-Xe, and Pd-Te correlated pairs. A new ultra hot fission mode was discovered going via only Mo-108-Ba-144, Mo-107-Ba-146, and/or Mo-106-Ba-146 pairs where one or more of Ba-144,Ba-145,Ba-146, are hyperdeformed at scission with 3:1 axis ratio. C1 JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV FRANKFURT, INST THEORET PHYS, D-60054 FRANKFURT, GERMANY. JOINT INST NUCL RES, DUBNA 141980, RUSSIA. TSING HUA UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83415 USA. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO, BR-68528 RIO DE JANEIRO, RG, BRAZIL. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48104 USA. RP Hamilton, JH (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT PHYS, NASHVILLE, TN 37235 USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 10 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-08-043101-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1997 VL 38 BP 273 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00037-9 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH98Y UT WOS:A1997BH98Y00037 ER PT S AU Baktash, C AF Baktash, C BE Faessler, A TI Nuclear structure studies of medium-mass nuclei using large Ge arrays SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 38: 4(PI) HIGH RESOLUTION GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics - 4pi High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure CY SEP 16-24, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY ID ESCAPE SUPPRESSED SPECTROMETER; DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; SUPERDEFORMED BAND; IDENTICAL BANDS; PERFORMANCE; REGION AB The advent of large Ge arrays and their ancillary detectors has greatly advanced spectroscopic studies of the medium-mass nuclei. These nuclei undergo rapid shape changes as a function of spin, excitation energy and particle number and, thus, provide a unique laboratory to test and refine a variety of theoretical models. Following a brief review of the physics motivation, some of the highlights of the experimental results obtained with the help of these powerful detector systems will be discussed. Among results presented here are the newly-discovered island of superdeformation in the A similar to 80 mass region, and the high-spin band structures in the N similar to Z nuclei. These band structures may be understood in the framework of the conventional cranking models, without the introduction of additional T=0 neutron-proton pairing correlations. RP Baktash, C (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV PHYS, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6410 BN 0-08-043101-1 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 1997 VL 38 BP 291 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00039-2 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BH98Y UT WOS:A1997BH98Y00039 ER PT J AU Green, MA Emery, K Bucher, K King, DL Igari, S AF Green, MA Emery, K Bucher, K King, DL Igari, S TI Solar cell efficiency tables (version 9) SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article AB Updated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables ave outlined and several new entries since July 1996 ave briefly described. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. FRAUNHOFER INST SOLAR ENERGY SYST,D-79100 FREIBURG,GERMANY. SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV 6224,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87123. JAPAN QUAL ASSURANCE ORG,SOLAR TECHNO CTR,SOLAR CELL TEST RES DIV,HAMAMATSU,SHIZUOKA 43212,JAPAN. RP Green, MA (reprint author), UNIV NEW S WALES,PHOTOVOLTA SPECIAL RES CTR,SYDNEY,NSW 2052,AUSTRALIA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199701/02)5:1<51::AID-PIP154>3.0.CO;2-K PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA WP947 UT WOS:A1997WP94700003 ER PT J AU Thackeray, MM AF Thackeray, MM TI Manganese oxides for lithium batteries SO PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ALKALI-EXCHANGED DERIVATIVES; LI-1-XMN2O4 SPINEL PHASE; LIMN2O4 THIN-FILMS; SECONDARY LI CELLS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; ORTHORHOMBIC LIMNO2; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CATHODE MATERIALS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AB Manganese oxides have been reviewed in the context of their application as host electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. The paper highlights the diversity of structure types found in the manganese oxide family, and how differences in structure affect the electrochemical profiles of Li/LixMnO2 cells. The problems associated with the instability of manganese dioxides to lithium insertion and extraction which limits the performance of the cells, particularly cycle life, are discussed as are the methods that have been used to stabilize various MnO2 structures. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, ELECTROCHEM TECHNOL PROGRAM, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, 9700 S CASS AVE, B-205, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 179 TC 982 Z9 1011 U1 74 U2 637 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0079-6786 J9 PROG SOLID STATE CH JI Prog. Solid State Chem. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0079-6786(97)81003-5 PG 71 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA YL250 UT WOS:A1997YL25000001 ER PT S AU Maginn, EJ Snurr, RQ Bell, AT Theodorou, DN AF Maginn, EJ Snurr, RQ Bell, AT Theodorou, DN BE Chon, H Ihm, SK Uh, YS TI Simulation of hydrocarbon diffusion in zeolites SO PROGRESS IN ZEOLITE AND MICROPOROUS MATERIALS, PTS A-C SE Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Zeolite Conference CY AUG 12-17, 1996 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, Seoul, Korea, Korea Res Fdn, Taejeon, Korea, LG Caltex Oil Corp, Seoul, Korea, Yukong Ltd, Seoul, Korea, SsangYong Oil Refining Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea, DaeLim Industrial Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea, AeKyung PQ Adv Mat Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea, Samsung Fine Chem Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea, Korea Gen Chem Corp, Seoul, Korea, Zeobuilder Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea, Isu Chem Co Ltd, Seoul, Korea, Cosmo Ind Co Ltd, Cheong Ju, Korea ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-STATE; SILICALITE; METHANE; XENON AB Simulation of hydrocarbon diffusion in zeolites provides insights into the effects of diffusant molecular weight and structure, and the physical processes controlling diffusion. Different approaches for simulating hydrocarbon diffusion are considered and the results are compared with experiment. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT CHEM ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Maginn, EJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR ADV MAT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Snurr, Randall/E-4900-2011; OI Theodorou, Doros/0000-0002-4763-9739; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-82344-1 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 1997 VL 105 BP 1851 EP 1858 PN A-C PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BJ22G UT WOS:A1997BJ22G00221 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Hard probes in high-energy heavy-ion collisions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the International-School-on-Physics-of-the-Quark-Gluon-Plasma CY JUN 03-06, 1997 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Sch Phys Quark Gluon Plasma ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; JET PRODUCTION; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLES; TEV; PP AB Hard QCD processes in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions become increasingly relevant and they can be used as probes of the dense matter formed during the violent scatterings. We will discuss how one can use these hard probes to study the properties of the dense matter and the associated phenomenologies. In particular, we study the effect of jet quenching due to medium-induced energy loss on inclusive particle pr distributions and investigate how one can improve the measurement of parton energy loss in direct photon events. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 1997 IS 129 BP 45 EP 59 PG 15 GA ZD936 UT WOS:000072740600007 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D AF Kharzeev, D TI Charmonium suppression in nuclear collisions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the International-School-on-Physics-of-the-Quark-Gluon-Plasma CY JUN 03-06, 1997 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Sch Phys Quark Gluon Plasma ID J-PSI; HADRONIC PRODUCTION; RESONANCE PHYSICS; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; HEAVY-QUARKONIUM; QCD; GLUON; UPSILON; MATTER AB I discuss the recent developments in the theory of charmonium production in elementary and nuclear collisions. In particular, I show that the model based on the dominance of higher Fock states in quarkonium production provides a universal explanation or the J/psi suppression observed in all p-A and A-B collisions - with the recent Pb-Pb results of the NA50 Collaboration representing the only exception. The possible origins of this "anomalous" suppression, and further tests of its nature are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yukawa@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 1997 IS 129 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 GA ZD936 UT WOS:000072740600009 ER PT J AU Ohnishi, H Bearden, IG Boggild, H Bossevain, J Dodd, J Erazmus, B Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Ferenc, D Fields, DE Franz, A Gaardhoje, JJ Hansen, AG Hansen, O Hardtke, D van Hecke, H Holzer, EB Humanic, TJ Hummel, P Jacak, BV Jayanti, R Kaneta, M Kopytine, M Leltchouk, M Ljubicic, A Lorstad, B Maeda, N Malina, R Medvedev, A Murray, M Nishimura, S Ohnishi, H Paic, G Pandey, SU Piuz, F Pluta, J Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Reichhold, D Sakaguchi, A Simon-Gillo, J Schmidt-Sorensen, J Sondheim, W Spegel, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Willis, WJ Wolf, K Xu, N Zachary, DS AF Ohnishi, H Bearden, IG Boggild, H Bossevain, J Dodd, J Erazmus, B Esumi, S Fabjan, CW Ferenc, D Fields, DE Franz, A Gaardhoje, JJ Hansen, AG Hansen, O Hardtke, D van Hecke, H Holzer, EB Humanic, TJ Hummel, P Jacak, BV Jayanti, R Kaneta, M Kopytine, M Leltchouk, M Ljubicic, A Lorstad, B Maeda, N Malina, R Medvedev, A Murray, M Nishimura, S Ohnishi, H Paic, G Pandey, SU Piuz, F Pluta, J Polychronakos, V Potekhin, M Poulard, G Reichhold, D Sakaguchi, A Simon-Gillo, J Schmidt-Sorensen, J Sondheim, W Spegel, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Willis, WJ Wolf, K Xu, N Zachary, DS CA NA44 Collaboration TI Multiplicity dependence of pion source size in heavy ion collisions SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the International-School-on-Physics-of-the-Quark-Gluon-Plasma CY JUN 03-06, 1997 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Sch Phys Quark Gluon Plasma ID CERN SPS; INTERFEROMETRY AB HBT interferometry is a well known technique to study the space-time extent of the particle source in heavy ion collisions. The NA44 experiment measures one and two particle spectra of identified pions, kaons and protons around mid-rapidity produced in heavy ion collision at the CERN SPS. We present the relation between charged multiplicity density and the HBT radius parameters in S + Pb collisions at 200 A GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at 158 A GeV. The HBT radius parameter increases as a function of charged multiplicity density in Pb + Pb collisions in a similar way to that found previously in S + Pb collisions. We will discuss what are can learn about the condition at freeze-out using these experimental results. C1 Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Higashihiroshima 7390046, Japan. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Vienna Tech Univ, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Univ Lund, Dept Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 1997 IS 129 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 GA ZD936 UT WOS:000072740600020 ER PT J AU Chujo, T Ahle, L Akiba, Y Ashktorab, K Baker, MD Beavis, D Britt, HC Chang, J Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Engelage, J Fung, SY Gaardhoje Garcia, E Gonin, M Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, A Hansen, L Hayano, RS Heintzelman, G Homma, S Judd, E Kaneko, H Kang, J Kim, EJ Kumagai, A Kurita, K Lee, JH Levine, MJ Luke, J Miake, Y Mignerey, A Moskowitz, B Moulson, M Muentz, C Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Ogilvie, C Olness, J Remsberg, LP Sako, H Sangster, TC Seto, R Shea, J Shigaki, K Soltz, R Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, JH Ueno-Hayashi, S Videbaek, F Wang, F Wang, Y Wu, Y Xiang, H Xu, GH Yagi, K Yao, H Zajc, WA Zhu, Q Zhu, F AF Chujo, T Ahle, L Akiba, Y Ashktorab, K Baker, MD Beavis, D Britt, HC Chang, J Chasman, C Chen, Z Chi, CY Chu, YY Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Crawford, HJ Cumming, JB Debbe, R Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Engelage, J Fung, SY Gaardhoje Garcia, E Gonin, M Gushue, S Hamagaki, H Hansen, A Hansen, L Hayano, RS Heintzelman, G Homma, S Judd, E Kaneko, H Kang, J Kim, EJ Kumagai, A Kurita, K Lee, JH Levine, MJ Luke, J Miake, Y Mignerey, A Moskowitz, B Moulson, M Muentz, C Nagamiya, S Namboodiri, MN Ogilvie, C Olness, J Remsberg, LP Sako, H Sangster, TC Seto, R Shea, J Shigaki, K Soltz, R Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, JH Ueno-Hayashi, S Videbaek, F Wang, F Wang, Y Wu, Y Xiang, H Xu, GH Yagi, K Yao, H Zajc, WA Zhu, Q Zhu, F CA BNL-AGS E802-866 Collaboration TI Hadron production in Au+Au collisions at 4 A GeV from AGS-E866 SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the International-School-on-Physics-of-the-Quark-Gluon-Plasma CY JUN 03-06, 1997 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Sch Phys Quark Gluon Plasma ID DYNAMICS AB First measurements of single particle spectra of pi(+/-), K+ and p in Au-197 + Au collisions at E-kine = 4 GeV per nucleon are presented. Utilizing the 4 A GeV data set from the Forward Spectrometer at the AGS-E866 experiment, transverse mass distributions and rapidity density distributions of pi(+/-), K+ and p near the mid-rapidity region are extracted. Preliminary results are compared with those of the microscopic cascade model calculation, RQMD. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Nucl Study, Tanashi, Tokyo 188, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Cumming, James/I-3358-2013; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; OI Cumming, James/0000-0001-6930-0958; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Tannenbaum, Michael/0000-0002-8840-5314; Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 1997 IS 129 BP 173 EP 177 PG 5 GA ZD936 UT WOS:000072740600022 ER PT J AU Kurata, M Aggarwal, MM Agnihotri, A Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Baldine, A Barabach, L Barlag, C Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bock, D Bock, R Bohne, EM Bucher, D Buijs, A Buis, EJ Busching, H Carlen, L Chalyshev, V Chattopadhyay, S Chenawi, KE Cherbatchev, R Chujo, T Claussen, A Das, AC Decowski, MP Djordjadze, V Donni, P Doubovik, I Majumdar, MRD Eliseev, S Enosawa, K Feldmann, H Foka, P Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Higuchi, R Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kato, S Kees, S Kim, H Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kumar, V Kurita, K Kuzmin, N Langbein, I Lebedev, A Lee, YY Lohner, H Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Maximov, A Mehdiyev, R Mgebrichvili, G Miake, Y Mikhalev, D Mishra, GC Miyamoto, Y Morrison, D Mukhopadhyay, DS Myalkovski, V Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Neumaier, S Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Pachr, M Parfenov, A Pavliouk, S Peitzmann, T Petracek, V Plasil, F Purschke, ML Raeven, B Rak, J Raniwala, S Ramamurthy, VS Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Rubio, JM Sako, H Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Shabratova, G Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Stuken, D Sumbera, M Svensson, T Trivedi, MD Tsvetkov, A Twenhofel, C Tykarski, L Urbahn, J Von Eijndhoven, N von Heeringen, WH von Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Vos, MA Wyslouch, B Yagi, K Yokota, Y Young, GR AF Kurata, M Aggarwal, MM Agnihotri, A Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Baldine, A Barabach, L Barlag, C Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bock, D Bock, R Bohne, EM Bucher, D Buijs, A Buis, EJ Busching, H Carlen, L Chalyshev, V Chattopadhyay, S Chenawi, KE Cherbatchev, R Chujo, T Claussen, A Das, AC Decowski, MP Djordjadze, V Donni, P Doubovik, I Majumdar, MRD Eliseev, S Enosawa, K Feldmann, H Foka, P Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Higuchi, R Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kato, S Kees, S Kim, H Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kumar, V Kurita, K Kuzmin, N Langbein, I Lebedev, A Lee, YY Lohner, H Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Maximov, A Mehdiyev, R Mgebrichvili, G Miake, Y Mikhalev, D Mishra, GC Miyamoto, Y Morrison, D Mukhopadhyay, DS Myalkovski, V Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Neumaier, S Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Pachr, M Parfenov, A Pavliouk, S Peitzmann, T Petracek, V Plasil, F Purschke, ML Raeven, B Rak, J Raniwala, S Ramamurthy, VS Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Rubio, JM Sako, H Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Shabratova, G Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Stuken, D Sumbera, M Svensson, T Trivedi, MD Tsvetkov, A Twenhofel, C Tykarski, L Urbahn, J Von Eijndhoven, N von Heeringen, WH von Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Vos, MA Wyslouch, B Yagi, K Yokota, Y Young, GR CA WA98 Collaboration TI First evidence of directed flow at 158 A GeV Pb+Pb collisions in WA98 experiment SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the International-School-on-Physics-of-the-Quark-Gluon-Plasma CY JUN 03-06, 1997 CL HIROSHIMA, JAPAN SP Int Sch Phys Quark Gluon Plasma ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS AB The first evidence of directed flow at 158 A GeV Pb + Pb collisions is observed using the Plastic Ball detector in WA98 experiment. The azimuthal angle of the total transverse energy, Phi(o), is determined for each event using the observed protons in the Plastic Ball. A clear azimuthal asymmetry of fragments is observed with respect to Phi(o). The degree of azimuthal asymmetry is found to be largest in mid-central collisions, which is consistent with the picture of the collective flow. The p(t) spectra of particles measured in the mid-rapidity spectrometer has been studied in conjunction with the Plastic Ball, and different p(t) slopes with respect to Phi(o) for proton and pi(+) are observed. C1 Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Calcutta 700064, W Bengal, India. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RRC Kurchatov, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Ecole Mines, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GSI, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Lund, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Vos, Marcel/0000-0001-8474-5357 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 1997 IS 129 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 GA ZD936 UT WOS:000072740600023 ER PT J AU Cui, YB Hung, SSO Deng, DF Yang, YX AF Cui, YB Hung, SSO Deng, DF Yang, YX TI Growth performance of juvenile white sturgeon as affected by feeding regimen SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS; BODY-COMPOSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; FREQUENCY; DIETS; TEMPERATURE; EFFICIENCY; CATFISH; RATES AB Juvenile (mean +/- SE, 8.6 +/- 0.1 g) white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus were fed for 8 weeks under one of six feeding regimens: continuously 24 h/d (C24); continuously 12.8 h/d during the day (C12/D), continuously 12.8 h/d at night (C12/N), 6 meals/d (M6), 4 meals/d (M4), and 2 meals/d (M2). Specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and body lipid content were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the feeding regimen. These variables were highest in the C24 group and lowest in the M2 group; fish in the M6 group showed the second best performance. Specific growth rate and feed efficiency in terms of wet weight in the M6 groups were not significantly different from those in the C24 groups, but specific growth rate in terms of energy and energy retention efficiency were significantly lower. Feeding regimen had no effect on condition factor, hepatosomatic index, coefficient of variation in final body weight, and protein and ash contents. There was no significant difference in these indexes between 12.8-h/d continuous feeding by day or by night. It was concluded that continuous feeding for 24 h/d was the optimum feeding regimen for juvenile white sturgeon. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. WUHAN UNIV,INST HYDROBIOL,WUHAN 430072,PEOPLES R CHINA. RI deng, dongfang/A-8959-2009 NR 26 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 59 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0031:GPOJWS>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA WK787 UT WOS:A1997WK78700005 ER PT B AU Soderlind, P Abrikosov, IA James, P Johansson, B Eriksson, O AF Soderlind, P Abrikosov, IA James, P Johansson, B Eriksson, O BE Gonis, A Meike, A Turchi, PEA TI Crystal structure and phase stability in Fe1-xCox from ab initio theory SO PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX INORGANIC SOLIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Alloy Conference (IAC-1) CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45606-0 PY 1997 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ04L UT WOS:A1997BJ04L00002 ER PT B AU Butler, WH Zhang, XG Nicholson, DMC Schulthess, TC MacLaren, JM AF Butler, WH Zhang, XG Nicholson, DMC Schulthess, TC MacLaren, JM BE Gonis, A Meike, A Turchi, PEA TI Electrical conductivity of inhomogeneous systems: Application to magnetic multilayers and giant magnetoresistance SO PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX INORGANIC SOLIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Alloy Conference (IAC-1) CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE RP Butler, WH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45606-0 PY 1997 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ04L UT WOS:A1997BJ04L00035 ER PT B AU Schwarz, RB He, Y AF Schwarz, RB He, Y BE Gonis, A Meike, A Turchi, PEA TI Bulk metallic glass formation in the Pd-Ni-P and Pd-Cu-P alloy systems SO PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX INORGANIC SOLIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Alloy Conference (IAC-1) CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI,MS K-765,MAIL STOP K765,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45606-0 PY 1997 BP 287 EP 299 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ04L UT WOS:A1997BJ04L00038 ER PT B AU Schulthess, TC Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Nieh, TG AF Schulthess, TC Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Nieh, TG BE Gonis, A Meike, A Turchi, PEA TI Stacking fault energies in Al-based alloys SO PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX INORGANIC SOLIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Alloy Conference (IAC-1) CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE RP Schulthess, TC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,4500 S,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45606-0 PY 1997 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ04L UT WOS:A1997BJ04L00047 ER PT B AU Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J AF Nieh, TG Wadsworth, J BE Gonis, A Meike, A Turchi, PEA TI Effect of liquid phase on superplasticity at high strain rates in metals and their composites SO PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX INORGANIC SOLIDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Alloy Conference (IAC-1) CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB Superplasticity has been observed in many fine-grained metal-matrix composites, mechanically alloyed materials, and modified conventional alloys at extremely high strain rates (> 0.1 s(-1)). These materials generally exhibited a strain rate sensitivity value of about 0.3 and a maximum elongation of over 300%. The origin of the observed phenomenon of superplasticity at very high rates was, in part, associated with fine grain sizes in these materials. However, a fine grain size was found to be a necessary but insufficient condition. The occurrence of the phenomenon appears to be also caused by the presence of a liquid phase, or in some cases a low melting point region, at the reinforcement-matrix interfaces or grain boundaries. In the present paper, experimental evidence will be given to show that marked changes in superplastic properties are closely related to incipient melting points in a range of materials. This suggests that the presence of a small amount of liquid phase at interfaces or grain boundaries not only enhances the strain rate for superplasticity, but also has a strong influence on the deformation mechanisms. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-369,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45606-0 PY 1997 BP 415 EP 423 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy; Physics GA BJ04L UT WOS:A1997BJ04L00051 ER PT J AU Buyn, T Dudeja, P Harris, JE Ou, D Seed, T Sawlani, D Meng, J Bonomi, P Anderson, KM AF Buyn, T Dudeja, P Harris, JE Ou, D Seed, T Sawlani, D Meng, J Bonomi, P Anderson, KM TI A 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor at micromolar concentration raises intracellular calcium in U937 cells prior to their physiologic cell death SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; CA2+; ACID; APOPTOSIS; STORES; DIFFERENTIATION; LEUKOTRIENE-C4; THAPSIGARGIN; MESSENGER; DEPLETION AB Micromolar MK886, a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase at nanomolar concentration, induces physiologic cell death in U937 and chronic myelogenous leukemia blast cells. When U937 cells were challenged with 10 mu M MK886, an acute, biphasic and sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+ occurred, as determined with Fura-2. The initial increase was followed by a transient decline and a larger rise due to an influx of external Ca2+. The first increase and part of the subsequent rise also developed in Ca2+-free medium, identifying their origin from intracellular stores. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration of U937 cells that remained after culture for 24 or 48 h with 5 or 10 mu M MK886 was not reliably altered from the control values of 130 +/- 8.3 nM. Under similar conditions MK886 did not increase cytosol Ca2+ of a human prostate (PC3) cell line examined in suspension. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ in response to MK886 in calcium-containing medium was confirmed with an ACAS laser spectrometer. U937 cytosol pH was measured with the fluorescent probe BCECF, but no persistent acute or chronic change was induced by MK886. The rapid and sustained rise in Ca2+ induced by MK886 is an early event in U937 cells which subsequently undergo physiologic cell death characterized in many by apoptosis. C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,RUSH MED COLL,DEPT MED,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT BIOCHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60612. VET ADM W SIDE MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL,CHICAGO,IL 60612. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MECH BIOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,RUSH MED COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD JAN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0952-3278(97)90527-5 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WG132 UT WOS:A1997WG13200011 PM 9044439 ER PT J AU Ogihara, NL Weiss, MS Degrado, WF Eisenberg, D AF Ogihara, NL Weiss, MS Degrado, WF Eisenberg, D TI The crystal structure of the designed trimeric coiled coil coil-V(a)L(d): Implications for engineering crystals and supramolecular assemblies SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coiled-coiled; de novo design; three-helix bundle ID GCN4 LEUCINE-ZIPPER; CHAIN-LENGTH; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; PROGRAM; BUNDLE; DNA AB The three-dimensional structure of the 29-residue designed coiled coil having the amino acid sequence acetyl-E VEALEKK VAALESK VQALEKK VEALEHG-amide has been determined and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 21.4% for all data from 10-Angstrom to 2.1-Angstrom resolution. This molecule is called coil-V(a)L(d) because it contains valine in the a heptad positions and leucine in the d heptad positions. In the trigonal crystal, three molecules, related by a crystallographic threefold axis, form a parallel. three-helix bundle. The bundles are stacked head-to-tail to form a continuous coiled coil along the c-direction of the crystal. The contacts among the three helices within the coiled coil are mainly hydrophobic: four layers of valine residues alternate with four layers of leucine residues to form the core of the bundle. In contrast, mostly hydrophilic contacts mediate the interaction between trimers: here a total of two direct protein-protein hydrogen bonds are found. Based on the structure, we propose a scheme for designing crystals of peptides containing continuous two-, three-, and four-stranded coiled coils. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,US DOE,LAB STURCT BIOL & MOL MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,JOHNSON RES FDN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RI Weiss, Manfred/B-6857-2013 NR 47 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WD201 UT WOS:A1997WD20100009 PM 9007979 ER PT J AU Moult, J Hubbard, T Bryant, SH Fidelis, K Pedersen, JT AF Moult, J Hubbard, T Bryant, SH Fidelis, K Pedersen, JT TI Critical assessment of methods of protein structure prediction (CASP): Round II SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE protein structure prediction; community-wide experiment; GASP C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Computat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Moult, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jmoult@carb.nist.gov RI Hubbard, Tim/C-2567-2008 OI Hubbard, Tim/0000-0002-1767-9318 NR 9 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 1997 SU 1 BP 2 EP 6 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YW306 UT WOS:000071920700002 ER PT J AU Venclovas, C Zemla, A Fidelis, K Moult, J AF Venclovas, C Zemla, A Fidelis, K Moult, J TI Criteria for evaluating protein structures derived from comparative modeling SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE comparative modeling; homologous modeling; protein structure; structure prediction ID FAMILY; CONFORMATION; PREDICTION; SEQUENCE AB Following the first experiment for the Critical Assessment of methods for protein Structure Prediction (CASP1), numerical criteria were devised to analyze the performance of prediction methods. We report here the criteria for comparative modeling, and how effective they were in GASPS, These criteria are intended to evolve into a set of numerical measures that provide a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a structure produced by comparative modeling and provide a means of investigating which modeling methods are most effective, so as to establish where future effort may be most productively applied. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Moult, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 1997 SU 1 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA YW306 UT WOS:000071920700003 PM 9485490 ER EF