FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Holland, OW Xie, L Nielsen, B Zhou, DS AF Holland, OW Xie, L Nielsen, B Zhou, DS TI Implantation of Si under extreme conditions: The effects of high temperature and dose on damage accumulation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ion implantation; lattice damage; Si ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; ION-IMPLANTATION; BURIED OXIDE; OXYGEN; LAYERS; MODEL AB The accumulation of lattice damage in Si(100) during ion irradiation at extreme dose and temperature was investigated. Irradiation above the ion-induced, crystal-to-amorphous transition temperature (similar to 200 degrees C) enabled damage growth to be studied to arbitrarily high dose. Electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to characterize the growth of damage under these extreme conditions, as well as its microstructural evolution. These observations are correlated both to irradiation conditions and the effects of ion-solid chemistry associated with the use of atomic ions dissimilar to the bulk atoms. These chemical effects are isolated by comparing results for Si+- with P+-ion irradiations, and As+- with Ge+-irradiations. Each combination includes an isoelectric and dopant ion of nearly identical mass for separating out the effects of the ion-solid chemistry. A mechanism to account for the formation of the ion-induced morphology under extreme irradiation conditions is presented. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Holland, OW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040 NR 24 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1007/BF02666181 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TP469 UT WOS:A1996TP46900017 ER PT J AU Jasper, C Morton, R Lau, SS Haynes, TE Mayer, JW Jones, KS AF Jasper, C Morton, R Lau, SS Haynes, TE Mayer, JW Jones, KS TI Dose-rate effects in silicon-implanted gallium arsenide from low to high doses SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electrical activation; GaAs; implantation; implantation damage ID DEPENDENT ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION; DAMAGE; GAAS AB For implantation of silicon dopant into gallium arsenide, sheet resistance and damage increase as the ion dose rate increases in the high-dose regime (>5.0 x 10(13) cm(-2)). But, in the low-dose regime (<5.0 x 10(12) cm(-2)), although damage still increases with dose rate, the sheet resistance decreases. This qualitative difference implies that there must be a crossover point between the low- and high- dose regimes in the effect of damage and defect formation on dopant activation. This paper describes experiments in which damage and silicon dose were independently varied through the crossover point. Thermal wave, ion channeling, Hall effect measurements, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize structural and electrical changes that occur near the crossover. In GaAs implanted with silicon (Si-29(+)) at doses between 3 x 10(12) and 6 x 10(13) cm(-2), it is shown that electrical activation for low dose rates first begins to exceed that for high dose rates at a dose of 2 x 10(13) cm(-2). Rapid growth of Type I dislocations also begins near this same dose, suggesting that there may be a link between defect formation and the crossover to negative dose-rate effects in the high-dose regime. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM BIO & MAT ENGN,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Jasper, C (reprint author), MOTOROLA INC,COMPOUND SEMICOND 1,TEMPE,AZ 85284, USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1007/BF02666182 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TP469 UT WOS:A1996TP46900018 ER PT J AU Tiwari, P Wu, XD Foltyn, SR Muenchausen, RE Arendt, PN Campbell, IH Jia, QX Peterson, DE Mitchell, TE AF Tiwari, P Wu, XD Foltyn, SR Muenchausen, RE Arendt, PN Campbell, IH Jia, QX Peterson, DE Mitchell, TE TI Study of high-quality epitaxial YBCO thin films grown directly on Y-cut LiNbO3 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); pulsed laser deposition; YBCO ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; RESONATOR; DEPOSITION AB Pulsed laser deposition was used to deposit high-quality YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thin films directly on y-cut LiNbO3 substrates. The as-deposited YBCO films had a high degree of in-plane orientation and showed superconducting transition temperature (T-co) at 91K with a transition width of less than 1K. Transport critical current densities were found to be similar to 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77K and zero field. An ion beam minimum channeling yield of 16% was obtained for YBCO films, indicating high crystallinity. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the interface between the film and the substrate was quite smooth and free from interfacial interdiffusion. The defects in thin films are also identified. The work showed that high-quality high T-c thin films can be deposited directly on LiNbO3. Novel devices based on the properties of both YBCO and LiNbO3 could be realized based on these results. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1007/BF02666186 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TP469 UT WOS:A1996TP46900022 ER PT J AU Follstaedt, DM Myers, SM Petersen, GA Medernach, JW AF Follstaedt, DM Myers, SM Petersen, GA Medernach, JW TI Cavity formation and impurity gettering in He-implanted Si SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gettering; He-implanted; ion implantation; Si ID RING CLUSTERS; SILICON; SURFACE; HELIUM; COPPER; MICROSCOPY; PRESSURE; BUBBLES; OXYGEN AB Cavity microstructures formed in Si after ion implantation of He (30 or 130 keV) and annealing at 700 degrees C or above are examined with cross-section transmission electron microscopy. A threshold concentration of 1.6 at.% He is identified as required to form cavities that survive such anneals. The cavities coarsen with a constant volume corresponding to similar to 0.75 lattice sites per implanted He atom and have surface areas 3-7 times that of the wafer area for fluences of 1 x 10(17) He/cm(2). Transition metal atoms (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Au) are shown to be strongly trapped (1.5-2.2 eV) on the cavity walls by chemisorption. Whereas Cu, Au, and Ni are bound more strongly to the cavity sites than to their respective precipitated phases, Co and Fe are more strongly bound to their silicides; nonetheless, appreciable trapping of Co and Fe does occur in equilibrium with the silicides. Cavity trapping appears to be an effective gettering mechanism at low impurity levels, as needed to meet future microelectronics device requirements. RP Follstaedt, DM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF02666190 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TP469 UT WOS:A1996TP46900026 ER PT J AU Hummer, G AF Hummer, G TI Electrostatic potential of a homogeneously charged square and cube in two and three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article DE electrostatic potential; ionic systems; Wigner lattice; homogeneously charged cube; ''cubic'' harmonics ID ELECTROLYTES; ENERGY AB A closed form of the electrostatic potential of a homogeneously charged cube is derived by integration. The exact result is compared with multipole expansions for the exterior and interior of the cube. The electrostatic potential of a homogeneously charged square in two-dimensional electrostatics is also determined. RP Hummer, G (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,THEORET BIOL & BIOPHYS GRP T10,MS K710,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 3 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0304-3886(95)00052-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA TU663 UT WOS:A1996TU66300006 ER PT J AU Somasundaram, S Drost, MK Brown, DR Antoniak, ZI AF Somasundaram, S Drost, MK Brown, DR Antoniak, ZI TI Coadunation of technologies: Cogeneration and thermal energy storage SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Thermal energy storage can help cogeneration meet the energy generation challenges of the 21st century by increasing the flexibility and performance of cogeneration facilities. Thermal energy storage (TES) allows a cogeneration facility to: (1) provide dispatchable electric power while providing a constant thermal lend, and (2) increase peak capacity by providing economical cooling of the combustion turbine inlet air The particular systems that are considered in this paper are high-temperature diurnal TES, and TES for cooling the combustion turbine inlet air. The paper provides a complete assessment of the design, engineering, and economic benefits of combining TES technology with new or existing cogeneration systems, while also addressing some of the issues involved. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, TECHNOL SYST ANAL DEPT, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ANALYT SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Somasundaram, S (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ENERGY SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 1996 VL 118 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1115/1.2816546 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA UF833 UT WOS:A1996UF83300005 ER PT J AU Rabas, TJ Taborek, J AF Rabas, TJ Taborek, J TI Heat-rate improvements obtained by retubing condensers with new, enhanced tube types SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE enhanced tubes; heat rate; condensers; fouling rates; condenser bundle factor; efficiency index AB Significant fuel savings can be achieved at power plants by retubing the condensers with enhanced tubes. Because of the higher overall heat-transfer coefficient, the exhaust steam is condensed at a lower pressure and the plant efficiency is therefore increased or plant heat rate is reduced Only the spirally indented type of enhanced tube is currently being used in the U.S. and most other countries; however, different types of enhanced tubes have been proposed for power-plant condensers, each with their own set of attributes. This paper determines what attributes and their magnitudes of enhanced tubes lead to the most energy savings as measured by reduction of the plant heat rate. The particular attributes considered are the inside and outside enhancement levels, the inside efficiency index (inside enhancement level divided by pressure-drop increase), and the enhanced-tube fouling-rate multiplier. This generic investigation showed that the outside enhancement level is the most important attribute, and a value of about 1.5 can lead to heat-rate savings of about 20 to 40 Btu/kW-hr. Increasing the inside enhancement is less effective because of the increased pressure drop that leads to a reduction of the coolant how rate and velocity. The efficiency index, which is a measure of the pressure drop increase, is only important if the outside enhancement level is close to unity. However, the authors strongly recommend that an economic evaluation be performed at each site to determine the energy savings and payback time. C1 CONSULTING SERV,VIRGINIA BEACH,VA 23451. RP Rabas, TJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 1996 VL 3 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA UB114 UT WOS:A1996UB11400002 ER PT J AU Chlopecka, A Bacon, JR Wilson, MJ Kay, J AF Chlopecka, A Bacon, JR Wilson, MJ Kay, J TI Forms of cadmium, lead, and zinc in contaminated soils from southwest Poland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-AMENDED SOIL; HEAVY-METALS; TRACE-METALS; PH; FRACTIONATION; SPECIATION; MOBILITY; CU; CD; ZN AB The metals Cd, Pb, and Zn occurring in Haplorthods and Haplumbrepts of both sandy and loamy textures in the vicinity of Tarnowskie Gory in southwest Poland, an area that has been subjected to severe metal contamination, were studied according to a procedure based on sequential extraction analysis. Concentrations of the metals ranged from background levels to levels well in excess of the maximum tolerable limits in agricultural soils. Thus, Cd, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.2 to 103, 14 to 7100 and 20 to 10000 mg kg(-1) soil, respectively. Soil type, texture, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) did not influence the relative proportions of heavy metal forms in any consistent manner. However, the influence of soil pH was clear. Soil samples of pH < 5.6 contained relatively more of all metals in the exchangeable form than in samples where pH was >5.6. The most consistent distribution patterns were found when the soil samples were grouped according to their total metal contents. The inferred relative mobility of the metals and their redistribution among the different fractions are generally consistent with the findings of previous studies of contaminated soils and support the view that metals from anthropogenic sources are more mobile than those from soil parent materials. C1 IUNG, PULAWY, POLAND. MACAULAY LAND USE RES INST, DIV SOILS, ABERDEEN AB9 2QJ, SCOTLAND. MACAULAY LAND USE RES INST, ENVIRONM MODELLING UNIT, ABERDEEN AB9 2QJ, SCOTLAND. RP Chlopecka, A (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB, AIKEN, SC 29802 USA. NR 36 TC 218 Z9 243 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TR273 UT WOS:A1996TR27300015 ER PT J AU Pan, V Stevenson, KA AF Pan, V Stevenson, KA TI Temporal variation analysis of plutonium baseline concentration in surface air from selected sites in the continental US SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; EUROPE; SR-90 AB The temporal variation of plutonium concentrations in surface air was assessed for the Us Department of Energy's (DOE) monitoring sites near Richland, Washington and Chicago, Illinois using historical databases from the Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) and the Argonne National Laboratory-East (ANL). The data show that Pu-239.240 air concentrations post-1984 are still detectable with analytical techniques used in monitoring fallout, whereas Pu-238 concentrations are not. These Pu-239.240 values are suggested to represent a 'post-fallout equilibrium' concentration in surface air at the two DOE sites. The PNL and ANL Pu-239.240 post-1984 average monthly values are mostly between 0.01 and 0.1 mu Bq m(-3) and fall within the range observed in Europe as well as in four other US cities through the US environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) network. Temporal analysis of the post-fallout monthly data for PNL and for the three sites at ANL show that Pu-239.240 concentrations fall within a predictable range of limiting values. The month-to-month fluctuations are quantified into tolerance limits at the 95% confidence level in that PNL data yielded a monthly change that was within +/-0.13 mu Bq m(-3). The limits found for the three ANL sites are +/-0.14 mu Bq m(-3) for site 12N; +/-0.06 and +/-0.07 mu Bq m(-3) for sites 71 and Off-Site, respectively. Magnitudes of the monthly concentration changes are less than the observed post-fallout concentration ranges of Pu-239.240, and therefore, may be useful in flagging unexpected sources of plutonium in the environment. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited RP Pan, V (reprint author), US DOE,ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10014, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 239 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0265-931X(96)84942-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UW066 UT WOS:A1996UW06600004 ER PT J AU Stevenson, KA Pan, V AF Stevenson, KA Pan, V TI An assessment of uranium in surface air within the continental US SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Historical trends and regional variations of uranium in surface air within the continental United States from the late 1970s to the present was assessed using results from DOE's Argonne National Laboratory's (ANL) East Environmental Monitoring program, and from 25 monitoring stations from EPA's Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS) surveillance program. The historical total uranium activity levels for these databases fall within the range of concentration levels that have been observed in Europe. The ERAMS stations located in the northern and mid-section of the country show a decrease in total uranium levels of similar to 40% over this time period. No other long-term trends were observed. Excluding three EPA ERAMS stations, due to likely local source-term effects, the mean average U-234/U-238 activity ratios within the US was determined to be 1.1 (0.31 SD). There was no evidence of any historical trend, seasonal changes, large regional effect or coastal variation for these ratios. Results from a simple mixing model show that the range of U-234/U-238 and U-235/U-238 activity ratios for the EPA ERAMS Lynchburg surface air monitoring station database reflect a mixing of natural uranium with a maximum of 1% high-enriched uranium from a local source. 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Limited RP Stevenson, KA (reprint author), US DOE,ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10014, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 1996 VL 31 IS 3 BP 223 EP 235 DI 10.1016/0265-931X(95)00057-H PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA UL711 UT WOS:A1996UL71100001 ER PT J AU Kelly, MS Pinder, JE AF Kelly, MS Pinder, JE TI Foliar uptake of Cs-137 from the water column by aquatic macrophytes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; COOLING RESERVOIR; SEDIMENT; CHERNOBYL; NUTRITION; GROWTH; LAKE; RADIONUCLIDES AB A transplant experiment was performed to determine the relative importances of root uptake from the sediments and foliar uptake fr om the water column in determining the accumulation of Cs-137 by aquatic macrophytes. Uncontaminated individuals of three species, Brasenia schreberi, Nymphaea odorata and Nymphoides cordata, were transplanted into pots containing either contaminated sediments (i.e. 1.2 Bq Cs-137 g(-1) dry mass) of uncontaminated sediments (i.e. <0.1 Bq g(-1) dry mass) and immersed in Pond B, a former reactor cooling pond where Cs-137 concentrations in surface waters range from 0.4 to 0.8 Bq liter(-1). The plants in uncontaminated sediments rapidly accumulated Cs-137 from the water column and after 35 days of immersion had Cs-137 concentrations in leaves that were: (1) nor statistically significantly different from those for plants in contaminated sediments, and (2) similar to those for the same species growing naturally in Pond B. The similarity in Cs-137 concentrations between naturally-occurring plants and those in pots with uncontaminated sediments suggests that foliar uptake from the water column is the principal mode of Cs accumulation by these species in Pond B. RP Kelly, MS (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29801, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 1996 VL 30 IS 3 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0265-931X(95)00027-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TW911 UT WOS:A1996TW91100005 ER PT J AU Tschantz, MF Bowman, JP Evans, F Bienkowski, PR Donaldson, TL Sayler, GS AF Tschantz, MF Bowman, JP Evans, F Bienkowski, PR Donaldson, TL Sayler, GS TI Development of a fully suspended, multi-stage bioreactor system for trichloroethylene degradation based on soluble monooxygenase cometabolism SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; TCE DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; COPPER; MUTANTS; FILM AB The design and operation of a pressurized dual-staged continuous flow bioreactor for the biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) is presented. The reactor was designed to maximize the utility of the enzyme soluble methane monooxgenase (sMMO) by the methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium, OB3b (PP358), which can produce sMMO even in the presence of copper. Methane-fed cell growth in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was decoupled from TCE oxidation in a methane-free series of plug-flow columns, minimizing competitive inhibition. The biomass concentrations were maximized by operating the reactor at 3.04 atm, increasing the gas-phase solubility of methane, which increased the growth rate of the cells. Furthermore, washout of the reactor biomass in the continuous flow-through system was minimized through the use of a tangential now dewatering device. The biodegradative potential of the reactor was demonstrated by feeding TCE at concentrations of 0.2 mg/L and 1 mg/L at 2 mL/min. The TCE was completely degraded when TCE was fed at 0.2 mg/L and over 95% of the TCE fed at 1 mg/L was degraded. The measured TCE losses were due entirely to biodegradation. Batch abiotic experiments showed the reactor held pressure, and losses due to stripping and adsorption were minimal over 4 h. The TCE was fed abiotically into the reactor at 1 mg/L, and 92 h of operation was necessary for the reactor TCE concentrations to accumulate to that of the feed. The abiotic mass balances demonstrated that in the absence of biodegradation, the reactor TCE concentrations would accumulate to that of the feed. The ability to close mass balances, coupled with the ability to closely control and monitor reactor conditions, allows for a system that may be utilized to construct a mechanistic model describing the kinetics of TCE degradation by sMMO and may potentially maxi mite the ut iii ty of the methanotrophs for TCE biodegradation at high feed concentrations. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Bowman, John/C-2414-2014 OI Bowman, John/0000-0002-4528-9333 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 249 EP 266 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TV004 UT WOS:A1996TV00400015 ER PT J AU Kalb, PD Lageraaen, PR Wright, S AF Kalb, PD Lageraaen, PR Wright, S TI Full-scale technology demonstration of a polyethylene encapsulation process for radioactive, hazardous, and mixed wastes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article AB A full-scale technology demonstration of a polyethylene encapsulation process, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Technology Development, was held at the Environmental and Waste Technology Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in September 1994[1]. Polyethylene encapsulation has been developed and tested at BNL as an alternative solidification technology for improved treatment of low-level radioactive (LLW), hazardous, and mixed wastes. Although originally developed for treatment of DOE-generated wastes through waste management and environmental restoration activities, polyethylene encapsulation has application within the commercial sector. A fully equipped, production-scale system, capable of processing over 900 kg/hr (2,000 Ib/hr), has been installed at BNL. The demonstration covered all facets of the integrated processing system including pretreatment of aqueous wastes, precise feed metering, extrusion processing, on-line quality control monitoring, and process control. Following the demonstration, waste-form testing was conducted to confirm performance of the final waste form. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Kalb, PD (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,ENVIRONM & WASTE TECHNOL CTR,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1996 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1767 EP 1780 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VA405 UT WOS:A1996VA40500016 ER PT J AU Clemens, MK Nelson, PA Swift, WM AF Clemens, MK Nelson, PA Swift, WM TI Removal of carbon dioxide in closed loop off-gas treatment systems SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY; CO2 AB A combustor with a closed loop off-gas recirculation system has been constructed to demonstrate a gas treatment and purification system that can be installed on hazardous and mixed-waste incineration and vitrification equipment to virtually eliminate the potential for release of hazardous or radioactive materials to the environment. In initial tests, a 250,000 BTU/h (75 kW thermal) combustor was operated in an open loop to demonstrate the removal of combustion product CO2 in a fluidized bed of CaO (lime), and particulates were removed with hot gas candle filters. An absorbent solution treatment (AST) process is now being developed for removal of CO2 from a side loop. High CO2 concentrations can be maintained in the recirculating gases, and this improves the performance of commercially available processes used to purify gases and produce CO2. Incineration systems with closed loop off-gas treatment can have a high throughput and accommodate more hazardous and more radioactive waste streams than what would be possible with a conventional incinerator. With the AST process, CO2 and water vapor go through two changes of state before release, effectively separating these combustion products from contaminants released during incineration or vitrification. Oxygen is added to support combustion, and solids are separated by precipitation and filtration. RP Clemens, MK (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Gaetani, Marcelo/C-3013-2012 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1996 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1801 EP 1825 PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VA405 UT WOS:A1996VA40500018 ER PT J AU Graham, EA Nobel, PS AF Graham, EA Nobel, PS TI Long-term effects of a doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration on the CAM species Agave deserti SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Crassulacean acid metabolism; gas exchange; global climate change; Sonoran Desert ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPICUTICULAR WAX LOAD; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY; CROP RESPONSES; RISING CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; PLANT; ENRICHMENT AB To examine the effects of a doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration and other aspects of global climate change on a common CAM species native to the Sonoran Desert, Agave deserti was grown under 370 and 750 mu mol CO2 mol(-1) air and gas exchange was measured under various environmental conditions. Doubling the CO2 concentration increased daily net CO2 uptake by 49% throughout the 17 months and decreased daily transpiration by 24%, leading to a 110% increase in water-use efficiency, Under the doubled CO2 concentration, the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was 11% lower, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was 34% lower, and the activated:total ratio for Rubisco was 25% greater than under the current CO2 concentration. Less leaf epicuticular wax occurred on plants under the doubled CO2 concentration, which decreased the reflectance of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF); the chlorophyll content per unit leaf area was also less, The enhancement of daily net CO2 uptake by doubling the CO2 concentration increased when the PPF was decreased below 25 mol m(-2) d(-1), when water was withheld, and when day/night temperatures were below 17/12 degrees C, More leaves, each with a greater surface area, were produced per plant under the doubled CO2 concentration. The combination of increased total leaf surface area and increased daily net CO2 uptake led to an 88% stimulation of dry mass accumulation under the doubled CO2 concentration, A rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, together with accompanying changes in temperature, precipitation, and PPF, should increase growth and productivity of native populations of A. deserti. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,UCLA DOE LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. OI Graham, Eric/0000-0002-7495-4056 NR 46 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 47 IS 294 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1093/jxb/47.1.61 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA TW470 UT WOS:A1996TW47000007 ER PT J AU Valentine, GA Groves, KR AF Valentine, GA Groves, KR TI Entrainment of country rock during basaltic eruptions of the Lucero volcanic field, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIKE PROPAGATION; MAGMA; FLOW; EMPLACEMENT; GROUNDWATER; PRESSURE; CONDUITS; SYSTEMS; ASCENT; MOON AB As magma rises through the lithosphere it may entrain wall rock debris. The entrainment process depends on the local hydrodynamic regime of the magma (e.g., velocity, temperature, bulk density), the extent of interaction of magma with groundwater, and the mechanical properties of the wall rocks. Wall rock entrainment results in local flaring of dikes and conduits, which in turn affects the hydrodynamics of magma ascent and eruption. We studied upper-crustal xenoliths erupted from small-volume basaltic volcanoes of the Lucero volcanic field (west-central New Mexico) in order to assess the relative importance of various entrainment mechanisms during a range of eruptive styles, including strongly hydrovolcanic, Strombolian, and effusive processes. Total xenolith volume fractions ranged from 0.3-0.9 in hydrovolcanic facies to < 10(-4)-10(-2) in Strombolian facies. The volcanoes erupted through a thick, well-characterized sequence of Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, so that erupted xenoliths can be correlated with sedimentary units and hence depth ranges. The abundance of xenoliths from a given subvolcanic unit was divided by that unit's thickness to obtain an average entrainment rate (xenolith volume fraction derived per unit depth in the conduit). Shallow (< 510 m) entrainment rates are very sensitive to the degree of hydrovolcanic activity. Deep entrainment is more sensitive to the mechanical properties of the wall rocks and, in the cases studied here, is thought to depend mainly on brittle failure related to offshoot dikes, pore pressure buildup, and thermal stresses. The entrainment rate can be used as a source term in multiphase numerical models of conduit flow. Based on our data, theoretical models of conduit flow and erosion are justified in neglecting the contribution of mass and momentum from entrained material during basaltic eruptions driven by magmatic volatiles, but not in eruptions driven by hydrovolcanic processes. RP Valentine, GA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GEOANAL GRP,MAIL STOP F665,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 53 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 104 IS 1 BP 71 EP 90 PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA TT588 UT WOS:A1996TT58800005 ER PT J AU Angelopoulos, V Lui, ATY McEntire, RW Williams, DJ Christon, SP Nakamura, M Kusaka, H Mukai, T Kokubun, S Yamamoto, T Reeves, GD FriisChristensen, E Hughes, WJ AF Angelopoulos, V Lui, ATY McEntire, RW Williams, DJ Christon, SP Nakamura, M Kusaka, H Mukai, T Kokubun, S Yamamoto, T Reeves, GD FriisChristensen, E Hughes, WJ TI Anisotropy reversals in the distant magnetotail and their association with magnetospheric substorms SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID TAIL CURRENT DISRUPTION; DEEP GEOMAGNETIC TAIL; APPROXIMATELY 220 RE; PLASMA SHEET ION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEAR-EARTH; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTRON POPULATIONS; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; ISEE-3 OBSERVATIONS AB We present a series of tailward-to-Earthward particle anisotropy reversals observed by the GEOTAIL spacecraft in the distant magnetotail plasma sheet at a distance of \x\ approximate to-90R(E) during the 2.5-day period of 11/01/94 1200 UT to 13/01/94 2400 UT. The reversals were detected in the first order anisotropy of energetic protons and the first moment of the low energy plasma distribution function. The X-component of the cross-field flow exhibits the dearest indicator of a particle anisotropy reversal. A comprehensive examination of ground magnetometer and geosynchronous satellite data reveals that each distant tail anisotropy reversal occurred during the late expansion or recovery phase of a magnetospheric substorm. Out of 14 substorms during which adequate monitoring of the geomagnetic activity and the plasma sheet was possible all but possibly one exhibited a tailward-to-Earthward reversal in the cross field flow similar to 1-2 hours after substorm onset. The median time delay between substorm onset and the beginning of the subsequent Earthward convective flow was 94 min. Some uncertainty is associated with this time delay due to the commonly observed exits of the spacecraft to the lobe/mantle. The lower limit on the time delay based on the time of exit of the spacecraft to the lobe/mantle is 61 min. The implications of the particle anisotropy reversals for substorm dynamics are considered. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY PHYS,TOKYO,JAPAN. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. NAGOYA UNIV,STELAB,TOYOKAWA,AICHI,JAPAN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. DANISH METROL INST,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. BOSTON UNIV,CTR SPACE PHYS,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP Angelopoulos, V (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Christon, Stephen/0000-0003-1770-2458 NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 629 EP 648 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400014 ER PT J AU Sauvaud, JA Jacquey, C Beutier, T Owen, C Lepping, RP Russell, CT Belian, RJ AF Sauvaud, JA Jacquey, C Beutier, T Owen, C Lepping, RP Russell, CT Belian, RJ TI Large scale dynamics of the magnetospheric tail induced by substorms: A multisatellite study SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID TRAVELING COMPRESSION REGIONS; NEAR-EARTH; DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; CURRENT DISRUPTION; SOLAR-WIND; NEUTRAL SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; PLASMA; EXPANSION; ISEE-3 AB The large scale dynamics of the tail during substorms are examined using multi-satellite measurements made between 18 and 22:00 UT on August 22, 1983. We use data from ISEE1/2, 1977-007, IMP-8, and ISEE-3 located in the solar wind or tail at distances along the Sun-Earth line ranging from +11 to -205R(E). During the period studied, which corresponded to a southward directed IMF, successive plasma injections were detected at 6.6R(E) first during a general increase of the magnetic field in the lobe. The magnetic field increase is attributed to an enhanced reconnection rate, as evidenced by the close relationship between the tail lobe magnetic energy density and the available Poynting energy in the solar wind, for near constant solar wind pressure. A Traveling Compression Region (flux rope) was detected in close association with the first energetic particle injection at geostationary orbit. After the first injections, the series of injections continued and the last ones are shown to be linked with a tailward propagating cross-tail current disruption detected onboard IMP-8 at similar to 35R(E). This event is seen in the distant tail at 205R(E) onboard ISEE-3 as an increase of the tail radius; the far magnetosphere engulfed the ISEE-3 satellite which was located in the solar wind prior to the event. The characteristic time delay between cross-tail current disruption onset occurring in the near-Earth plasma sheet and the enhancement of the tail diameter at 205R(E) is on the order of 40 minutes. Several hours before this event, a similar case was detected in which partial cross-tail current disruption in the mid-tail was also related to a far tail expansion. In both cases, the observed signatures are in agreement with the concept of the ejection of plasmoids from the magnetospheric tail with velocities comparable to that of the solar wind. These results strongly suggest that traveling cross-tail current disruption and plasmoid ejection from the far tail are the signature of the same propagating plasma process. C1 GSFC,GREENBELT,MD. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. LANL,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Sauvaud, JA (reprint author), CNRS,CTR ETUD SPATIALE RAYONNEMENTS,F-31029 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 675 EP 686 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400017 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Winske, D Kuznetsova, M Birn, J Schindler, K AF Hesse, M Winske, D Kuznetsova, M Birn, J Schindler, K TI Hybrid modeling of the formation of thin current sheets in magnetotail configurations SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 213/303 of IAGA on the Dynamics of the Magnetotail and the High-Latitude Nightside Ionosphere CY JUL 03-04, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron ID NEAR-EARTH MAGNETOTAIL; GROWTH-PHASE; PLASMA SHEET; SUBSTORMS; CONVECTION; RECONNECTION; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Hybrid simulations are used to investigate the formation of a thin current sheet inside the plasma sheet of a magnetotail-like configuration. The initial equilibrium is subjected to a driving electric field qualitatively similar to what would be expected from solar wind driving. As a result, we find the formation of a new current sheet, with a thickness of approximately the ion inertial length. The current density inside the current sheet region is supplied largely by the electrons. Ion acceleration in the cross-tail direction is absent due since the driving electric field fails to penetrate into the equatorial region. The ions in the thin current sheet region exhibit anisotropies which appear to be driven by the bounce motion in the z direction between the inward moving plasma sheet-lobe boundary. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,D-4630 BOCHUM,GERMANY. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ELECTRODYNAM BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Kuznetsova, Maria/F-6840-2012 NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1996 VL 48 IS 5-6 BP 749 EP 763 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA VC564 UT WOS:A1996VC56400023 ER PT J AU Sibeck, DG Gosling, JT AF Sibeck, DG Gosling, JT TI Magnetosheath density fluctuations and magnetopause motion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; DYNAMIC PRESSURE VARIATIONS; TRANSIENT MAGNETOSPHERIC SIGNATURES; LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; BOW SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA; FLOW; UPSTREAM; WAVES AB The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation controls foreshock densities and modulates the fraction of the solar wind dynamic pressure applied to the magnetosphere. Such pressure variations produce bow shock and magnetopause motion and cause the radial. profiles for various magnetosheath parameters to sweep inward and outward past nearly stationary satellites. We report ISEE 2 observations of correlated density and speed fluctuations, and anticorrelated density and temperature fluctuations, on an outbound pass through the northern dawnside magnetosheath. Densities decreased when the magnetic field rotated southward and draped about the magnetopause. In the absence of any significant solar wind density or dynamic pressure variations, we interpret the magnetosheath fluctuations as evidence for radial magnetosheath motion induced by variations in the IMF orientation. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Sibeck, DG (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,JOHNS HOPKINS RD,LAUREL,MD 20723, USA. RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1029/95JA03141 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000004 ER PT J AU Eastman, TE Fuselier, SA Gosling, JT AF Eastman, TE Fuselier, SA Gosling, JT TI Magnetopause crossings without a boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMPTE CCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PLASMA; MAGNETOSPHERE AB The microstructure of pristine magnetopause crossings has been analyzed by using high-resolution particle and field data obtained by the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers (AMPTE) Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) and ISEE 2 spacecraft. These crossings are pristine in the sense that they exhibit no adjoining magnetospheric boundary layer or, at most, a low-density plateau. The CCE crossings include the low-latitude near-noon region not typically sampled by ISEE 2, which covers all other local time sectors in a complementary way. Magnetopause crossings without a boundary layer are found to occur to all local times, and such crossings constitute about 10% of all magnetopause crossings. Total pressure balance across the magnetopause is observed to within experimental errors; however, electron data, full-energy composition measurements, and occasionally field stress are needed to fully evaluate pressure balance. The microstructure of the magnetopause current layer is also found to depend on local time. Crossings within about 1 hour local time of the noon meridian often exhibit very sharp density gradients on scale lengths down to a few plasma skin depths. These gradients are reduced for crossings farther from local noon such that, for cases near the dawn-dusk meridian, the scale length for density gradients and the magnetopause current are roughly comparable. Magnetopause crossings without a boundary layer impose severe constraints on various theories of boundary layer formation. Pristine magnetopause crossings may be direct cuts through the diffusion region for reconnection. With this interpretation our results are in qualitative agreement with recent simulations of the diffusion region and associated turbulence by Drake et al. [1994], who propose the current convective instability as the dominant process for current transport at the magnetopause. C1 LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Eastman, TE (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1029/95JA02757 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000006 ER PT J AU Forsyth, RJ Balogh, A Smith, EJ Erdos, G McComas, DJ AF Forsyth, RJ Balogh, A Smith, EJ Erdos, G McComas, DJ TI The underlying Parker spiral structure in the Ulysses magnetic field observations, 1990-1994 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRY; MISSION; STREAM; 1-AU AB The fundamental aim of the Ulysses space mission is to extend our understanding of the heliosphere into three dimensions. By April 1994 the spacecraft had reached a heliographic latitude of 60 degrees S. Hourly averages of the Ulysses heliospheric magnetic field observations have been analyzed to determine to what extent the underlying field direction within 60 degrees of the heliographic equator can be described by the Parker spiral model. At all latitudes from near the ecliptic southward to 60 degrees S, the most probable value of the azimuthal orientation of the field lines remained in approximate agreement with the Parker model. Once Ulysses passed southward of the maximum latitude of the heliospheric current sheet at about 30 degrees S it became possible to study the distribution of the azimuth angle in purely inward polarity southern hemisphere fields without the confusion between the northern and southern hemisphere sectors. This distribution is revealed to be highly asymmetric with a greater probability of observing field lines with an azimuth angle less tightly wound than the most probable angle, Comparison with near-ecliptic data showed a similar asymmetry in inward polarity field sectors while in outward polarity sectors there was an asymmetry in the opposite sense. We suggest that the asymmetry in the >30 degrees S azimuth angle distribution arises due to the presence of long-period radially outward propagating Alfven waves in the solar wind flows originating from the southern polar coronal hole, In addition, from studying the meridional (north-south) orientation of the field lines we find that at south heliographic latitudes within about 25 degrees of the equator there is a tendency in the Ulysses data set for the field lines to be on average deflected equatorward of their expected direction, most likely due to flow deflections associated with the interaction of high- and low-speed solar wind streams. C1 KFKI,INST NUCL & PARTICLE PHYS,H-1525 BUDAPEST 114,HUNGARY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP Forsyth, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 101 IS A1 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1029/95JA02977 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TP710 UT WOS:A1996TP71000035 ER PT J AU Parsons, JD Lesht, BM AF Parsons, JD Lesht, BM TI A statistical representation of wind events in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; wind AB We have analyzed hourly observations of overlake wind speed obtained from the eight National Data Buoy Center buoys deployed in the Great Lakes to determine the long-term (10 to 12 year) statistical characteristics of wind events over the lakes. We find that a generalized double-exponential model accurately describes both the return period and the duration of the wind events observed at each buoy, with only slight spatial variations in the model parameters. Wind observations made at several shore stations on Lake Michigan, and filtered through a simple overland-overlake wind model confirm the model parameter values determined from the buoy measurements. The generalized function will be useful for engineering and climatological studies of the effects of winds on the Great Lakes. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Parsons, JD (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,HYDROSYST LAB,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 3 BP 789 EP 794 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA VQ491 UT WOS:A1996VQ49100024 ER PT J AU Burns, JH Bryan, JC Davis, MC Sachleben, RA AF Burns, JH Bryan, JC Davis, MC Sachleben, RA TI Synthesis and structures of nitromethane complexes of furanotribenzo-21-crown-7 and dibenzo-21-crown-7 SO JOURNAL OF INCLUSION PHENOMENA AND MOLECULAR RECOGNITION IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE crown ether; nitromethane complex; coordination isomers; crystal structure ID CROWN ETHER INTERACTIONS; HOST; MOLECULES; CONSTANTS; LIGANDS AB Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of two nitromethane complexes of furanotribenzo-21-crown-7 (1 and 2) and the nitromethane complex of dibenzo-21-crown-7 (3) are reported. The two nitromethane complexes 1 and 2 are polymorphic in that the macrocyclic ring adopts the 'dentist's chair' conformation in both structures, with a single nitromethane molecule coordinating to either the lower, concave (1) or upper, convex (2) face of the crown ether. Complex 3 adopts an entirely different conformation with a coplanar arrangement of the crown ether oxygen atoms binding a single nitromethane molecule. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,ASHEVILLE,NC 28804. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-0750 J9 J INCLUS PHENOM MOL JI J. Incl. Phenom. Mol. Recogn. Chem. PY 1996 VL 26 IS 4 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1007/BF01053538 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA WN427 UT WOS:A1996WN42700003 ER PT J AU Mauro, T Rassner, U Bench, G Feingold, KR Elias, PM Cullander, C AF Mauro, T Rassner, U Bench, G Feingold, KR Elias, PM Cullander, C TI Acute barrier disruption causes quantitative changes in the calcium gradient SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 44 IS 1 BP A186 EP A186 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA TP690 UT WOS:A1996TP69000987 ER PT J AU Robinson, JP Narayanan, PK AF Robinson, JP Narayanan, PK TI Defects in intracellular oxidative metabolism of neutrophils undergoing apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT BASIC MED SCI,CYTOMETRY LABS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Robinson, Joseph/K-8492-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1996 SU S BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA VE906 UT WOS:A1996VE90600154 ER PT J AU Caton, JE Griest, WH AF Caton, JE Griest, WH TI Determination of explosives and some metabolites of TNT in biological and environmental samples by liquid chromatography on a mixed-mode C-18-anion column SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; RATS; MANUFACTURE; SEPARATION; REDUCTION; RESIDUES; SOIL AB This method employs a ternary gradient generated from (1) a 90:10 water:methanol solution that is 0.015 M in potassium phosphate at pH 5.1; (2) methanol; and (3) acetonitrile to separate fifteen explosives, byproducts, and metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on a C-18/anion exchange stationary phase. TNT, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), six reduction metabolites and three oxidation metabolites of TNT have been separated and quantitated in a single chromatographic run. Because of the anion exchange character of the stationary phase, the anionic TNT metabolite 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid also may be separated and quantitated using this method. Quantitation limits generally lower than 1 ppm have been established by a systematic certification procedure. The performance of the mixed mode separation method combined with diode array ultraviolet absorbance detection has been demonstrated with samples derived from both biological (tissues and physiological fluids) and environmental (soil, composts, and leachates) sources. RP Caton, JE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,POB 2008,BLDG 4500-S,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 1996 VL 19 IS 4 BP 661 EP 677 DI 10.1080/10826079608005527 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA UD348 UT WOS:A1996UD34800012 ER PT J AU Micic, OI Nozik, AJ AF Micic, OI Nozik, AJ TI Synthesis and characterization of binary and ternary III-V quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE synthesis; quantum dots, binary and ternary ID SMALL SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; EXCITED ELECTRONIC STATE; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM-PHOSPHIDE; SIZE DEPENDENCE; ORDERED GAINP2; CLUSTERS; MICROCRYSTALLITES; GAAS AB Quantum dots of InP, GaP, GaInP2, and GaAs with diameters ranging from 20-80 Angstrom can be synthesized as well-crystallized nanoparticles with bulk zinc blende structure. The synthesis is achieved by heating appropriate organometallic precursors with stabilizers in high boiling solvents for several days to produce QDs, which can then be dissolved in nonpolar organic solvents to form transparent colloidal QD dispersions. The high sample quality of the InP and Gap QDs results in excitonic features in the absorption spectra; excitonic features could not be observed for GaAs or GaInP2 QDs. The GaP and GaInP2 QD colloids exhibit very intense (quantum yields of 15-25%) visible photoluminescence at room temperature. The photoluminescence for InP QDs preparations show two emission bands: one band is in the visible at the band edge of the QD, and a second band appears above 800 nm. The near-IR PL is attributed to deep traps, presumably phosphorus vacancies on the QD surface. This band can be removed after controlled addition of etchant; subsequently, very intense band-edge emission (quantum yield 30%), which is tunable with particle size, is obtained. The QDs were characterized by TEM, SAXS, AFM, powder X-ray diffraction, steady-state optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, ps to ns transient photoluminescence spectroscopy, and fs to ps pump-probe absorption (i.e., hole-burning) spectroscopy. RP Micic, OI (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 43 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PY 1996 VL 70 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0022-2313(96)00047-6 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA VP014 UT WOS:A1996VP01400009 ER PT J AU Fu, YG Chen, W Pyda, M Londono, D Annis, B Boller, A Habenschuss, A Cheng, JL Wunderlich, B AF Fu, YG Chen, W Pyda, M Londono, D Annis, B Boller, A Habenschuss, A Cheng, JL Wunderlich, B TI Structure-property analysis for gel-spun, ultrahigh molecular mass polyethylene fibers SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; differential scanning calorimetry; fiber; full-pattern X-ray diffraction; gel spinning; intermediate phase; phase transformation; polyethylene; powder X-ray diffraction; small-angle X-ray diffraction; solid-state C-13 NMR; structure-property relationship; ultrahigh molecular mass polyethylene ID HIGH-MODULUS POLYETHYLENE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALLINE POLYETHYLENE; SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS AB The structures of four gel-spun, ultrahigh molecular mass polyethylene fibers have been studied with the techniques of full-pattern x-ray diffraction, small-angle x-ray scattering, powder x-ray diffraction, solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical microscopy. A high molecular mass polyethylene fiber is also studied for comparison. At room temperature these fibers show mainly the common orthorhombic crystals and a small amount of monoclinic crystals in addition to an intermediate, oriented phase and the amorphous phase. The structure parameters of the orthorhombic phase change slightly with fiber processing history. The chains of the intermediate phase have largely a trans-conformation and are oriented preferentially parallel to the fiber axis, but are disordered laterally. The mobility (correlation time) of the carbon atoms of the intermediate phase is higher than that of the crystalline phase by 2 orders of magnitude, but lower than that of the amorphous phase by 3 orders of magnitude. The intermediate phase can contribute significantly to the meridional x-ray diffraction peaks 00l, but not to the equatorial peaks hk0. A simple structural model is proposed to reconcile the experimental results. The domain which consists mainly of intermediate phase extends much longer in the fiber direction than the orthorhombic ones, which are more regularly interrupted. Fiber tensile strength is mainly determined by the mass fraction and orientation of the intermediate phase, approximated by the ratio of diffraction intensities 002/110. The initial modulus of the fibers depends also on the axial connection between the domains of the orthorhombic phase. Endothermic double peaks of fibers analyzed with free ends result from the melting of the orthorhombic crystals of different degree of restraint by the surrounding material. Both peaks occur above the equilibrium melting temperature of polyethylene. Unusually small x-ray long periods between 4.2 and 6.0 nm have been found for two of the fibers. Other long periods and the phase transformations of the monoclinic phase with temperature and on compression are also discussed. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RAYCHEM CORP,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 95 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 49 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0022-2348 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PHYS JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. PY 1996 VL B35 IS 1 BP 37 EP 87 DI 10.1080/00222349608220375 PG 51 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TY762 UT WOS:A1996TY76200003 ER PT J AU Bu, HS Shi, SH Chen, EQ Hu, HJ Zhang, Z Wunderlich, B AF Bu, HS Shi, SH Chen, EQ Hu, HJ Zhang, Z Wunderlich, B TI Single-molecule single crystals of poly(ethylene oxide) SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; poly(oxyethylene); single-molecule single crystal; twinning AB Single-molecule single crystals were prepared from two fractions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) with narrow molar mass distribution and an equimolar mixture of the two fractions. It was proven that the molar mass distribution of the single-molecule single crystals from the mixed sample corresponds to an addition of those of the pure fractions. Well-shaped crystals were obtained after isothermal crystallization or on annealing. A variety of morphologies typical for multimolecule single crystals of PEO were found and are described on the basis of the various known modes of twinning. The results are in agreement with the known unit cell of PEG. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37966. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. FUDAN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI,SHANGHAI 200433,PEOPLES R CHINA. ACAD SINICA,BEIJING LAB ELECTRON MICROSCOPY,BEIJING 100080,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0022-2348 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PHYS JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. PY 1996 VL B35 IS 5 BP 731 EP 747 DI 10.1080/00222349608220405 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA VQ068 UT WOS:A1996VQ06800003 ER PT J AU Pan, LH Singh, MA Salomons, GJ Gupta, JA Capel, MS AF Pan, LH Singh, MA Salomons, GJ Gupta, JA Capel, MS TI Finite impurity size effects on heterogeneous nucleation occurring in diblock copolymers SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ORDERING KINETICS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RATES AB The role played by heterogeneous nucleation in phase transformations occurring in asymmetric, diblock styrene-butadiene is examined using the experimental technique of time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering. Transient nucleation effects are clearly identifiable through comparison of the early time transformation kinetics seen with samples containing varying impurity sizes. These results are interpreted in the context of a simple model of transient nucleation rate incorporated into classical theories of isothermal transformation kinetics. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KINGSTON,ON K7L 3N6,CANADA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0022-2348 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PHYS JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. PY 1996 VL B35 IS 5 BP 749 EP 761 DI 10.1080/00222349608220406 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA VQ068 UT WOS:A1996VQ06800004 ER PT J AU Vierkotter, SA AF Vierkotter, SA TI Applications of the Bloch-Siegert shift in solid-state proton-dipolar-decoupled F-19 MAS NMR SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE SERIES A LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB In solid-state proton-dipolar-decoupled F-19 MAS NMR spectroscopy, F-19 chemical-shift data need to be corrected for the Bloch-Siegert shift. Assigning the single sharp F-19 resonance of 2-fluoroadamantane to its proton-coupled F-19 shift of -174.4 ppm results in chemical-shift referencing that is independent of the amplitude of the proton-decoupling field, The Bloch-Siegert shift is also a useful tool to characterize the amplitude and homogeneity of the proton-decoupling field, H-1H, and to monitor probe performance. Considerable inhomogeneity in H-1H along the long axis of the right-cylinder sample rotor was detected, In our commercial 7 mm H-F MAS probe, the proton field strength, <(gamma)over bar>H-H(1H), decreases to 25% of the maximum value across the usable sample volume. Measurement of the Bloch-Siegert shift revealed that the proton-decoupling field strength decreases during the first few scans of an acquisition. Reductions in the proton field strengths can exceed 10%, and they are explained by the heating of the RF coil circuitry which is caused by high-power proton decoupling. The extent of reduction in field amplitude is a function of the decoupling duty cycle. Losses in <(gamma)over bar>H-H(1H) can be avoided by tuning the probe proton RF circuitry at the operating temperature of the probe, using the Bloch-Siegert shift as an optimization parameter. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1064-1858 J9 J MAGN RESON SER A JI J. Magn. Reson. Ser. A PD JAN PY 1996 VL 118 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1006/jmra.1996.0012 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA TV531 UT WOS:A1996TV53100012 ER PT J AU Ma, H AF Ma, H TI The dynamics of North Brazil Current retroflection eddies SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WESTERN BOUNDARIES; EQUATORIAL; WAVES; REFLECTION; OCEAN AB This paper applies analytical and numerical methods to study possible causes of the formation and translation of North Brazil Current retroflection eddies. It shows that the dynamic response of the equatorial western boundary of the Atlantic Ocean to either a remote forcing which is represented by an incoming Rossby wave packet that deepens the equatorial thermocline, or to the wind forcing over the tropical Atlantic Ocean can result in northwestward translating eddies up the coast of Brazil. The numerically simulated eddies closely resemble the features of the observed North Brazil Current retroflection eddies. The formation mechanism of these eddies has to do with the short equatorial Rossby waves (which can be generated by the said kinds of forcing), nonlinearity, and the boundary effect. The translation mechanism of these eddies is related to the nonlinear effect caused by the eddies' interaction with the boundary and to the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude. RP Ma, H (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,BLDG 490D,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 54 IS 1 BP 35 EP 53 DI 10.1357/0022240963213493 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TW026 UT WOS:A1996TW02600002 ER PT J AU Minier, L Behrens, R Bulusu, S AF Minier, L Behrens, R Bulusu, S TI Mass spectra of 2,4-dinitroimidazole and its isotopomers using simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated beam mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE 2,4-dinitroimidazole; 1,4-dinitroimidazole; 4,5-dinitroimidazole; fragmentation pathways; EI mass spectrum ID OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE HMX; PYROLYSIS; PRODUCTS AB The ET mass spectrum of 2,4-dinitroimidazole (2,4-DNI) was studied at 20 and 70 eV ionizing energy using simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated beam mass spectrometry, Product ion formulas and their origin from within the 2,4-DNI molecule were identified from the evaluation of perdeuterated and various N-15-labeled 2,4-DNI mass spectra, The molecular ion (M(+.); m/z 158) is present in all the spectra and the NO+ ion (m/z 30) is the major primary product ion, The base peak is formed by the M(.+) ion at 20 eV and by the NO+ ion at 70 eV. Other primary product ions are NO2+ (m/z 46), CH2N+ (m/z 28) and CHN2O2+ (m/z 73), Fragmentation pathways are postulated based on the identity and relative abundance of the product ions, and on the change in relative abundance of the ions as a function of ionizing energy. Comparisons of the 70 eV mass spectra of 2,4-DNI, 4,5-dinitroimidazole (4,5-DNI) and 1,4-dinitroimidazole (1,4-DNI) show that the fragment product ions have the same m/z values in the three spectra but differ in their relative abundance and in the ion that forms the base peak. The base peak for 2,4-DNI and 4,5-DNI is formed by the ion at m/z 30 (NO+) and for 1,4-DNI, the ion at m/z 46 (NO2+). This difference is probably due to the nitramine functionality of 1,4-DNI. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. USA,ARMAMENT RES DEV & ENGN CTR,ENERGET MAT DIV,DOVER,NJ 07801. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199601)31:1<25::AID-JMS252>3.0.CO;2-C PG 6 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA TQ188 UT WOS:A1996TQ18800003 ER PT J AU Gao, QY Cheng, XH Smith, RD Yang, CF Goldberg, IH AF Gao, QY Cheng, XH Smith, RD Yang, CF Goldberg, IH TI Binding specificity of post-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore drug-bulged DNA complex studied using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE electrospray ionization; DNA; binding specificity; non-covalent complex ID ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS; PRINCIPLES; SUBSTRATE; SITE AB Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was employed to characterize the binding specificity of a bulged 22-mer DNA hairpin with a post-activated neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-Chrom) having two similar forms, where 2a has an H in a location for which 2b has it replaced by a CH2OH group, Specific binding of 2a to the bulged 22-mer DNA was observed whereas little binding was detected for 2a to non-bulged DNA 19-mer and 12-mer duplexes. The stoichiometry of the 22-mer DNA complex with 2a was determined to be predominantly 1:1. Substitution of hydrogen in 2a for the hydroxymethylene group in 2b dramatically reduced the binding strength to the 22-mer DNA. Little complex formation was observed for 2b and 22-mer DNA based upon the ESI-MS data, consistent with earlier fluorescence studies, The results indicate that ESI-MS can be a sensitive technique for probing conformational specificity in studies of biomolecular binding. C1 PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOL CHEM & MOLEC PHARMACOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA44257] NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA TQ188 UT WOS:A1996TQ18800004 PM 8799259 ER PT J AU Harrison, WTA Dussack, LL Vaughey, JT Vogt, T Jacobson, AJ AF Harrison, WTA Dussack, LL Vaughey, JT Vogt, T Jacobson, AJ TI Hydrothermal syntheses and crystal structures of new layered tungsten(VI) methylphosphonates, M(2)(WO3)(3)PO3CH3 (M=NH4, Rb, Cs) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The hydrothermal syntheses of Cs-2(WO3)(3)PO3CH3, Rb-2(WO3)(3)PO3CH3 and (NH4)(2)(WO3)(3)PO3CH3, three new noncentrosymmetric, layered tungsten(VI)-containing phases, are described. The crystal structures of Cs-2(WO3)(3)PO3CH3 and (NH4)(2)(WO3)(3)PO3CH3 were refined by using Rietveld analysis of powder diffraction data. These phases are built up from hexagonal tungsten-oxide-libe layers of vertex-sharing WO6 groups, capped by P-CH3 entities (as methylphosphonate groups) on one side of the tungsten/oxide layer. Caesium, rubidium or ammonium cations provide interlayer charge compensation for the anionic layers. IR, Raman and thermogravimetry (TG) data for these phases are also presented. Crystal data: Cs-2(WO3)(3)PO3CH3, M(r) = 1055.36, trigonal, space group R3 (no. 146), a = 7.25791(9) Angstrom, c = 20.2762(4) Angstrom, V = 925.00(4) Angstrom(3), Z = 3, R(p) = 2.37%, R(wp) = 3.12% (2943 neutron powder data). (NH4)(2)(WO3)(3)PO3CH3, M(r) = 825.63, trigonal, R3 (no. 146), a = 7.22851(7) Angstrom,c = 19.3471(3) Angstrom, V = 875.48(3) Angstrom(3), Z = 3, R(p) = 8.14%, R(wp) = 10.12% (2665 X-ray powder data). C1 UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 6 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1039/jm9960600081 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA UA493 UT WOS:A1996UA49300015 ER PT J AU Deptula, A Olczak, T Lada, W Goretta, KC DiBartolomeo, A Brignocchi, A AF Deptula, A Olczak, T Lada, W Goretta, KC DiBartolomeo, A Brignocchi, A TI Thermal conversion of gels to YBa2Cu3Ox, Bi2Sr2CaCU2Ox, and (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox and their decarbonization by low-temperature treatment with nitric acid SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CA-CU-O; BI; SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE; PB AB Thermal conversion of acetate-derived gels to YBa2Cu3Ox (Y-123), Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212), and (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) has been studied by thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Carbonates formed above 200 degrees C during thermal treatment of all gels. Decomposition of the carbonates proved to be more difficult for Y-123 than for Bi-2212 or Bi-2223. However, all of the gels that were heated contained significant amounts of carbon after calcination. Complete decarbonization of materials was attained by treating the intermediate phases (e.g., those formed after calcination at 600 degrees C) with nitric acid and then subjecting them to a final thermal treatment. Removal of carbonates from the intermediate phases strongly accelerated formation of the superconducting compounds. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ENEA,CRE CASACCIA,ROME,ITALY. RP Deptula, A (reprint author), INST NUCL CHEM & TECHNOL,PL-03195 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0001 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200001 ER PT J AU Holesinger, TG Salazar, KV Phillips, DS Sargent, BL Bremser, JK Bingert, JF Willis, JO Peterson, DE AF Holesinger, TG Salazar, KV Phillips, DS Sargent, BL Bremser, JK Bingert, JF Willis, JO Peterson, DE TI A two-powder process for Bi-2223 precursors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CU-O SYSTEM; HIGH-TC PHASE; BI; SUPERCONDUCTOR; FABRICATION; TAPES AB A two-powder process is described for the production of uniform, fine-grained Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (Bi-2223) powders. One powder is the Bi2.1-xPbxSr1.9-yCayOz (2:2 Cu-free) phase. The other is a multi-phase powder of approximate overall composition SrCaCu3Oy. The 2:2 Cu-free is one of the first Bi-containing phases to form from a nominal Bi-2223 mixture of oxides and carbonates. This precursor route was chosen for investigation because (1) the powders have very similar particle morphologies and (2) the mixing volumes are closely matched. Both of these characteristics facilitate the milling and blending process. This precursor mix was found to be stable in that explosive grain growth of undesirable phases was not observed during sintering. Critical current densities up to 26,900 A/cm(2) in self field at 75 K were obtained in tapes. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL CTR,MS K763,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0005 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200005 ER PT J AU Han, SH Cook, BA AF Han, SH Cook, BA TI Study of enhanced phosphorus activity in n-type Si80Ge20 as a function of the doping process SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The electrical activity of phosphorus in Si80Ge20 alloys prepared by two nonconventional doping processes has been investigated over the temperature range 25-1250 degrees C. Both a solid state (mechanical alloying) and gaseous phase doping processes were found to extend the electrical activity of phosphorus in Si80Ge20 alloys beyond the reported maximum equilibrium value (2.1 X 10(20)/cm(3)) to 2.5-2.9 X 10(20)/cm(3) within the temperature range 900 1200 degrees C. It is likely that this extended electrical activity of phosphorous is associated with a high density of defects. The enhanced electrical activity of phosphorus enabled Si80Ge20 alloys to have 300 to 1000 degrees C integrated average electrical power factors in the range 30.1-35.7 mu W/cm-degrees C-2. RP Han, SH (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0008 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200008 ER PT J AU Freim, J McKittrick, J Nellis, WJ Katz, JD AF Freim, J McKittrick, J Nellis, WJ Katz, JD TI Development of novel microstructures in zirconia-toughened alumina using rapid solidification and shock compaction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TRANSFORMATION; CERAMICS; PHASE; MICROCRACKING; COMPOSITES AB A rapidly solidified alumina-zirconia eutectic material containing nanocrystalline t-ZrO2 has been synthesized. When heated, the microstructure contained a mixture of t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2, each of which can facilitate toughening of the composite. Dynamic shock compaction was used to accelerate densification of the material, producing crack-free specimens with high green densities. After sintering to densities measuring similar to 95% of theoretical, the shock-compacted specimens fabricated with unstabilized alumina-zirconia were extensively microcracked due to an overabundance of the m-ZrO2 phase. Experiments employing Y2O3 as a chemical stabilizer have shown that the extent of the phase transformation can be controlled, and the microstructure that developed in the stabilized material contained an acceptable level of the microcrack generating m-ZrO2 phase. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, MAT SCI PROGRAM, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, H DIV, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT APPL MECH & ENGN SCI, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0014 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200014 ER PT J AU Lee, BI Samuels, WD Wang, LQ Exarhos, GJ AF Lee, BI Samuels, WD Wang, LQ Exarhos, GJ TI Sol-gel synthesis of phosphate ceramic composites .1. SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SILICON; GLASS; SI-29; NMR AB Monolithic gels of phosphate ceramics were synthesized using PO(OH)(3-x)(OR)(x) and alkoxides of silicon and titanium. The PO(OH)(3-x)(OR)(x) species were synthesized from the reaction of P2O5 and ethanol or n-butanol, and the products consisted of approximately equal molar amounts of mono- and dialkyl phosphate. The phosphate gels containing titanium lost less phosphorus than from the gels of silicon/phosphorus upon firing of gels in air. At phosphorus contents above 60 mole %, the gels were completely crystallized upon firing at temperatures above 700 degrees C, while the gels containing zinc and alkali metals remained amorphous after firing at 850 degrees C. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that all of the silicon is hexacoordinated in the phosphate gels containing silicon and titanium upon firing at temperatures above 520 degrees C C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, BI (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV, DEPT CERAM ENGN, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0017 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200017 ER PT J AU Besser, PR Marieb, TN Lee, J Flinn, PA Bravman, JC AF Besser, PR Marieb, TN Lee, J Flinn, PA Bravman, JC TI Measurement and interpretation of strain relaxation in passivated Al-0.5% Cu lines SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS AB X-ray diffraction has been used to measure the strain relaxation in passivated Al-0.5% Cu lines at 200 degrees C after cooling directly from an anneal at the passivation deposition temperature of 380 degrees C. Fits to the measured X, Y, and Z components of strain are summed to obtain the hydrostatic component, which exhibits a decay over time. Three mechanisms are considered to explain the decay of the hydrostatic strain in the metal line: Cu precipitation from the solid solution, the presence and growth of voids in the lines, and time-dependent deformation of the passivation. Calculations of the effect of Cu precipitation from the solid solution demonstrate that it plays an insignificant role in the relaxation. A high-voltage scanning electron microscope is used to image the presence and growth of voids through the passivation. The time scale of the growth of stress-induced voids is not the same as the hydrostatic relaxation, indicating that voiding is not solely responsible for the observed relaxation. The relaxation of the line is modeled using a time-dependent finite element model, allowing elastic compliance of the passivation. The magnitude of the calculated relaxation agrees with the measurements. It is suggested that a combination of voiding and passivation compliance is responsible for the measured hydrostatic strain relaxation in the metal line. C1 INTEL CORP,COMPONENTS RES,SANTA CLARA,CA 95033. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CTR MAT RES,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. RP Besser, PR (reprint author), ADV MICRO DEVICES INC,THIN FILMS ADV PROC DEV,1 AMD PL,SUNNYVALE,CA 94088, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 184 EP 193 DI 10.1557/JMR.1996.0022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TQ312 UT WOS:A1996TQ31200022 ER PT J AU Wolfenden, A Bauer, KJ Petrovic, JJ AF Wolfenden, A Bauer, KJ Petrovic, JJ TI Investigation of dynamic Young's modulus for molybdenum disilicide-titanium trisilicide (MOSi(2)-Ti5Si3) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NI-AL; TEMPERATURE AB Molybdenum disilicide-titanium trisilicide (MoSi2-Ti5Si3) is a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) created for the purpose of improving the mechanical properties of molybdenum disilicide. Five alloys of this CMC were prepared by varying the ratio of volume per cent Ti5Si3 to volume per cent MoSi2. Evaluation of the specimens using the piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (PUCOT) determined the values of Young's modulus to range from 303 to 378 GPa at room temperature increasing with volume fraction of MoSi2. The values of Young's modulus for temperatures up to about 400 degrees C for each alloy decrease linearly with respect to increasing temperature. Damping within the specimens is independent of strain amplitude at room temperature, but shows some strain amplitude dependence at higher temperatures. The values of density for the alloys, determined using Archimedes' method, range from about 5200 to 5900 kg m(-3), and compare favourably with the values determined by the rule of mixtures. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Wolfenden, A (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,ADV MAT LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 242 EP 245 DI 10.1007/BF00355151 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TP416 UT WOS:A1996TP41600032 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DK Marchioro, TL Arnold, M Huang, YH Zhu, W Kouri, DJ AF Hoffman, DK Marchioro, TL Arnold, M Huang, YH Zhu, W Kouri, DJ TI Variational derivation and extensions of distributed approximating functionals SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKET PROPAGATION; TIME QUANTUM DYNAMICS; SCHRODINGER; SCATTERING; EQUATIONS; STATES AB Extensions of the ''Distributed Approximating Functional'' (DAF) approach to approximating functions and their derivatives are given. The method, although inherently approximate, can be made arbitrarily accurate, numerically stable, and computationally efficient by appropriate choice of parameters. It also provides approximate representations of quantum operators which are analytic and which can be made arbitrarily accurate. Differences between the DAFs and more standard basis set approaches are discussed in order to clarify the properties of the DAFs. Some illustrative examples are given. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT MATH,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT CHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77204. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT PHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RP Hoffman, DK (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0259-9791 J9 J MATH CHEM JI J. Math. Chem. PY 1996 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 140 DI 10.1007/BF01165159 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Mathematics GA VY808 UT WOS:A1996VY80800006 ER PT J AU Weller, RE Buschbom, RL Malaga, CA Kimsey, BB Ragan, HA AF Weller, RE Buschbom, RL Malaga, CA Kimsey, BB Ragan, HA TI Serum and urine biochemical diversity among adult wild-caught Aotus nancymae and Saimiri peruviensis SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biochemistry; urinalysis; neotropical; primates ID MONKEY AOTUS; OWL MONKEYS; PROTEIN AB Serum and urine analytes were compared between adult wild-caught owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae) and adult wild-caught squirrel monkeys (Saimiri peruviensis) to determine if normative clinical pathology data were similar. An objective of the study was to confirm that species of neotropical primates are distinct with regard to physiologic parameters, and should not be considered interchangeable in biomedical research. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted in many serum and urine analytes between the two groups. The results suggest that reference data for wild-caught owl monkeys are not applicable to squirrel monkeys, and the differences are sufficiently large to be of clinical significance. These findings illuminate the diversity among species of neotropical primates. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO, SAN JUAN, PR 00936 USA. RP Weller, RE (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, LIFE SCI CTR, POB 999, P7-52, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA UF689 UT WOS:A1996UF68900009 PM 8740952 ER PT J AU Burlage, RS AF Burlage, RS TI Current advances in Russian Microbiology SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Burlage, RS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JAN PY 1996 VL 24 IS 3 BP 201 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0167-7012(95)00054-2 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA TW094 UT WOS:A1996TW09400001 ER PT J AU Ducatte, GR Ballou, NE Quang, CY Petersen, SL AF Ducatte, GR Ballou, NE Quang, CY Petersen, SL TI Separation and characterization of oxide particles by capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; particles; anion; counterion AB Separation of oxide particles by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a relatively unexplored area. In environmental studies the ability to separate chemically different oxides by CE would permit characterization of the composition of mixtures of such particulate species and potentially could afford concentration enhancement or isolation of particular oxides from complex particulate matrices. Knowledge of the influence of different components of particle-suspending solutions on the surface characteristics of oxides assists in optimizing separations of particulate species. The effects of phosphate, carbonate, and berate anions and the sodium ion concentration on the electrophoretic mobility of titania, hematite, and alumina are investigated. All three anion types have significant effects on the electrophoretic mobility of each of the oxides, with berate anions yielding the highest degree of selectivity between titania and alumina. An Naf concentration of 3 mM provides the best quality oxide separations for each of the buffer systems. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Ducatte, GR (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, MS-P7-07, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 6 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-667X(1996)8:6<403::AID-MCS5>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA VP986 UT WOS:A1996VP98600005 ER PT J AU Batzer, MA Deininger, PL Schmid, CW AF Batzer, MA Deininger, PL Schmid, CW TI SINEs, LINEs and retrotransposable elements: Functional implications SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SECT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70012. ALTON OCHSNER MED FDN & OCHSNER CLIN,GENET MOLEC LAB,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70121. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/BF00163203 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TM931 UT WOS:A1996TM93100001 ER PT J AU Batzer, MA Deininger, PL HellmannBlumberg, U Jurka, J Labuda, D Rubin, CM Schmid, CW Zietkiewicz, E Zuckerkandl, E AF Batzer, MA Deininger, PL HellmannBlumberg, U Jurka, J Labuda, D Rubin, CM Schmid, CW Zietkiewicz, E Zuckerkandl, E TI Standardized nomenclature for Alu repeats SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID FAMILY MEMBERS; REPEATED SEQUENCES; SOURCE GENES; SUBFAMILY; EVOLUTION; RETROPOSONS; INSERTION; AMPLIFICATION C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,CTR HUMAN & MOLEC GENET,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM,DAVIS,CA 95616. LINUS PAULING INST SCI & MED,PALO ALTO,CA 94306. UNIV MONTREAL,DEPT PEDIAT,HOP ST JUSTINE,CTR RECH,MONTREAL,PQ H3T 1C5,CANADA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SECT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. INST MOLEC SCI MED,PALO ALTO,CA 94306. OI Deininger, Prescott/0000-0002-1067-3028 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG 00770]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 21346] NR 39 TC 190 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1007/BF00163204 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TM931 UT WOS:A1996TM93100002 PM 8576960 ER PT J AU Batzer, MA Arcot, SS Phinney, JW AlegriaHartman, M Kass, DH Milligan, SM Kimpton, C Gill, P Hochmeister, M Ioannou, PA Herrera, RJ Boudreau, DA Scheer, WD Keats, BJB Deininger, PL Stoneking, M AF Batzer, MA Arcot, SS Phinney, JW AlegriaHartman, M Kass, DH Milligan, SM Kimpton, C Gill, P Hochmeister, M Ioannou, PA Herrera, RJ Boudreau, DA Scheer, WD Keats, BJB Deininger, PL Stoneking, M TI Genetic variation of recent Alu insertions in human populations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE human evolution; African origin; identical by descent; polymorphism ID HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; FAMILY MEMBERS; REPEATED SEQUENCES; SUBFAMILY; RECONSTRUCTION; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; RETROPOSONS; DISTANCE AB The Alu family of interspersed repeats is comprised of over 500,000 members which may be divided into discrete subfamilies based upon mutations held in common between members. Distinct subfamilies of Alu sequences have amplified within the human genome in recent evolutionary history, Several individual Alu family members have amplified so recently in human evolution that they are variable as to presence and absence at specific loci within different human populations. Here, we report on the distribution of six polymorphic Alu insertions in a survey of 563 individuals from 14 human population groups across several continents. Our results indicate that these polymorphic Alu insertions probably have an African origin and that there is a much smaller amount of genetic variation between European populations than that found between other population groups. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,CTR HUMAN & MOLEC GENET,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. MICHIGAN STATE POLICE,DNA UNIT,E LANSING,MI 48823. FORENS SCI SERV INC,BIRMINGHAM B5 6QQ,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. UNIV BERN,DEPT FORENS MED,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND. CYPRUS INST NEUROL & GENET,NICOSIA,CYPRUS. FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,MIAMI,FL 33199. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,CTR HUMAN & MOLEC GENET,DEPT BIOMETRY & GENET,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. ALTON OCHSNER MED FDN & OCHSNER CLIN,GENET MOLEC LAB,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70121. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Batzer, MA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,L-452,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. OI Deininger, Prescott/0000-0002-1067-3028 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 08205]; NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG 00770]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-42082] NR 66 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 42 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1007/BF00163207 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TM931 UT WOS:A1996TM93100005 PM 8576959 ER PT J AU Tan, YT Judson, RS Melius, CF Toner, J Wu, G AF Tan, YT Judson, RS Melius, CF Toner, J Wu, G TI Using molecular dynamics to predict factors affecting binding strength and magnetic relaxivity of MRI contrast agents SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING LA English DT Article DE diagnostic imaging; contrast reagents; molecular modeling; chelate; molecular flexibility ID METAL-IONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PAIR POTENTIALS; SPIN RELAXATION; FORCE-FIELD; COMPLEXES; MECHANICS; DESIGN; RADII; GD3+ AB We demonstrate the use of molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics methods to calculate properties and behavior of metal-chelate complexes that can be used as MRI contrast agents. Static and dynamic properties of several known agents were calculated and compared with experiment. We calculated the static properties such as the q-values(number of inner shell waters) and binding distances of chelate atoms to the metal ion for a set of chelates with known X-ray structure. The dynamic flexibility of the chelate arms was also calculated. These computations were extended to a series of exploratory chelate structures in order to estimate their potential as MRI contrast agents. We have also calculated for the first time the NMR relaxivity of an MRI contrast agent using a long (5 nsec) molecular dynamics simulation. Our predictions are promising enough that the method should prove useful for evaluating novel candidate compounds before they are synthesized. One novel static property, the projected area of chelate atoms onto a virtual surface centered on the metal ion (gnomonic projection), was found to give an effective measure of how well the chelate atoms use the free space around the metal ion. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,CTR COMPUTAT ENGN,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NYCOMED R&D INC,WAYNE,PA 19087. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0948-5023 J9 J MOL MODEL JI J. Mol. Model. PY 1996 VL 2 IS 6 BP 160 EP 174 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Computer Science GA UR121 UT WOS:A1996UR12100002 ER PT J AU KsiezakReding, H Yang, LS Dickson, DW Wall, JS AF KsiezakReding, H Yang, LS Dickson, DW Wall, JS TI The ultrastructure and biochemistry of paired helical filaments in neurodegenerative disorders. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10467. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PY 1996 VL 66 SU 1 BP S96 EP S96 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA TY002 UT WOS:A1996TY00200384 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD AF Ramshaw, JD TI Simple approximation for thermal diffusion in gas mixtures SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB A new simple approximation is proposed for thermal diffusion in gas mixtures. This approximation is based upon a recently described hydrodynamic theory of multicomponent diffusion [1]. It provides an approximate expression for the thermal diffusion coefficients in terms of the binary diffusion coefficients for each pair of components in the mixture. The new approximation supersedes a previous approximation given in [1], which was too crude to be useful. RP Ramshaw, JD (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA UH357 UT WOS:A1996UH35700007 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD Chang, CH AF Ramshaw, JD Chang, CH TI Friction-weighted self-consistent effective binary diffusion approximation SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-MIXTURES; MULTICOMPONENT AB The self-consistent effective binary diffusion (SCEBD) approximation for multicomponent diffusion in gas mixtures is reconsidered and reformulated. The new formulation is based on the fact that a suitable rearrangement of the Stefan-Maxwell equations provides an exact expression for the complementary mean velocity a(i) for species i as a weighted average of the velocities of all the other species. The coefficients in a(i) are normalized friction coefficients which are simply related to the true binary diffusion coefficients. A simple factorized bilinear approximation to the friction coefficients then yields approximate species diffusion fluxes identical in form to those of a previous intuitive treatment [4], together with a new relation between the previously ambiguous weighting factors w(i) and the friction coefficients. This relation places the SCEBD approximation on a firm foundation by providing a rational basis for determining the w(i). A simple further approximation based on the known form of the friction coefficients for hard spheres yields w(i) = (const.) rho(i)/root M(i), where rho(i) and M(i) are respectively the mass density and molecular weight of species i. These weighting factors are shown to produce considerably more accurate diffusion velocities than the conventional choice w(i) = (const.)rho(i)/M(i). C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP Ramshaw, JD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-018,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 3 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1515/jnet.1996.21.3.223 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA VZ710 UT WOS:A1996VZ71000002 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD AF Ramshaw, JD TI Simple approximation for thermal diffusion in ionized gas mixtures SO JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB A simple approximation for thermal diffusion in gas mixtures was recently proposed [1]. This approximation was based upon relations valid for rigid spheres. It is therefore appropriate for molecules with steep repulsive potentials, but not for ionized species interacting via the Coulomb potential. Here we formulate an analogous approximation for ionized species and free electrons. The resulting thermal diffusion coefficients differ in sign from those for hard molecules. C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-0204 J9 J NON-EQUIL THERMODY JI J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. PY 1996 VL 21 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1515/jnet.1996.21.3.233 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA VZ710 UT WOS:A1996VZ71000003 ER PT J AU Solomon, MJ Muller, SJ AF Solomon, MJ Muller, SJ TI Flow past a sphere in polystyrene-based Boger fluids: The effect on the drag coefficient of finite extensibility, solvent quality and polymer molecular weight SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Boger fluids; chain molecular weight; drag coefficient; extensibility; solvent quality ID VISCOELASTIC FLOW; EXTENSIONAL VISCOSITY; CYLINDRICAL TUBE; CREEPING FLOW; CYLINDERS; EQUATION; BUBBLES; MOTION; NUMBER AB This study experimentally investigates how the drag behavior of a sphere falling in a Boger fluid is affected by the fluid's extensibility, solvent quality and chain molecular weight. By means of terminal velocity measurements under conditions of creeping flow, deviations from Newtonian drag behavior in a homologous series of three polystyrene-based Boger fluids were measured as a function of Weissenberg number (We). The polymer-solvent quality and polymer molecular weight of each of the Boger fluids were manipulated in a manner that produced a systematic variation in the degree of extensibility of the fluids. Here, we define extensibility in terms of the FENE model parameter L, the ratio of a fully extended coil length to an equilibrium coil length. It is expected that L varies by nearly a factor of three over this series of Boger fluids. The compositions and ranking of the degree of extensibility of the three Boger fluids are the following: a high extensibility fluid of 2.0 x 10(7) g mol(-1) polystyrene in a poor, dioctyl phthalate (DOP)-based solvent, a medium extensibility fluid of 2.0 x 10(7) g mol(-1) polystyrene in a good, tricresyl phosphate (TCP)-based solvent and a low extensibility fluid of 2.0 x 10(6) g mol(-1) polystyrene in a poor DOP-based solvent. The principal result of the falling sphere experiments is that while the low extensibility fluid shows only small deviations from Newtonian behavior at all tested We, the two fluids of greater extensibility show drag enhancement of more than 300% for We > 1. These experiments are in agreement with the earlier work of Tirtaatmadja et al. and Chmielewski et al., indicating that the drag does not correlate with We alone. Here, by using monodisperse polymers and systems in which the polymer-solvent interactions have been characterized, we are also able to determine the sensitivity of the dimensionless drag to polymer molecular weight and polymer-solvent quality. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Solomon, Michael/0000-0001-8312-257X NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 62 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0377-0257(95)01398-9 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA TZ343 UT WOS:A1996TZ34300005 ER PT J AU Yu, J Sommer, WF Bradbury, JN Green, WV Victoria, M AF Yu, J Sommer, WF Bradbury, JN Green, WV Victoria, M TI A modified model of microstructural evolution under irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; HELIUM AB The model which was presented previously [J. Yu, W.F. Sommer and J.N. Bradbury, J. Nucl. Mater. 141-143 (1986) 65] has been modified. Generally, the bubble growth process is due to thermal motion of atoms. The atoms on the surface of bubbles participate directly in the bubble growth process and the surface fluctuations prompt actual bubble growth or shrinkage. Therefore, it is the fluctuation of atom motion on the surface of bubble that plays a more important role than the rest of bubble volume. Only fluctuations in the near surface region need to be considered. This modification results in a much better fit to published experimental results. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. PAUL SHERRER INST,WURENLINGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP Yu, J (reprint author), INST ATOM ENERGY,BEIJING 102413,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 227 IS 3 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(95)00132-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TX661 UT WOS:A1996TX66100011 ER PT J AU Hofman, GL Hayes, SL Petri, MC AF Hofman, GL Hayes, SL Petri, MC TI Temperature gradient driven constituent redistribution in U-Zr alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; URANIUM AB Although the phenomenon of constituent redistribution is common in U-Pu-Zr alloys irradiated under a wide range of conditions, it has been observed in U-Zr alloys only at elevated temperatures. Redistribution is relatively rapid and is essentially complete by 5 at% burnup. Experimental observations of constituent redistribution in U-Zr fuel elements are presented and analyzed. A model based on a thermal diffusion mechanism is proposed, and its computer implementation is described. The model calculations, supported by experimental observation, indicate that the excess enthalpy of solution of the bcc gamma-phase controls the redistribution process as an additional driving force. A heat of transport of -50 to -100 kJ/mol in this phase results in the best match between calculation and experimental observations. The model predicts that constituent redistribution will be observed only when a region of the fuel operates at temperatures above 935 K. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403. RP Hofman, GL (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Hayes, Steven/D-8373-2017 OI Hayes, Steven/0000-0002-7583-2069 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 227 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1016/0022-3115(95)00129-8 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TX661 UT WOS:A1996TX66100012 ER PT J AU Mozley, PD Stubbs, JB Kim, HJ McElgin, W Kung, MP Meegalla, S Kung, HF AF Mozley, PD Stubbs, JB Kim, HJ McElgin, W Kung, MP Meegalla, S Kung, HF TI Dosimetry of an iodine-123-labeled tropane to image dopamine transporters SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; dopamine transporter; iodine-123-tropane; SPECT ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BIODISTRIBUTION; POTENT AB N-(3-lodopropen-2-yl)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-chlorophenl)tropane (IPT) is an analog of cocaine that selectively binds the presynaptic dopamine transporter. The present study sought to measure the radiation dosimetry of IPT in seven healthy human volunteers. Methods: Dynamic renal scans were acquired immediately after the intravenous administration of 165 +/- 16 MBq (4.45 +/- 0.42 mCi of [I-123]IPT. Between 7 and 12 sets of whole-body scans were acquired over the next 24 hr. The 24-hr renal excretion fractions were measured from conjugate emission scans of 7-11 discreet voided urine specimens. The fraction of the administered dose in 11 organs and each urine specimen was quantified from the attenuation-corrected geometric mean counts in opposing views. Subject-specific residence times were calculated for each subject independently by fitting the time-activity curves to a multicompartmental model. The radiation doses were estimated with the MIRD technique from the residence times for each subject individually before any results were averaged. Results: The findings showed that IPT was excreted rapidly by the renal system. There were no reservoirs of retained activity outside the basal ganglia, where SPECT images in these subjects showed that the mean ratio of caudate to calcarine cortex averaged 25:1 at 3 hr after injection (range 19.632 hr). The basal ganglia received a radiation dose of 0.028 mGy/MBq (0.10 rad/mCi). The dose-limiting organ in men was the stomach, which received an estimated 0.11 mGy/MBq (0.37 rad/mCi). In women, the critical organ was the urinary bladder at 0.14 mGy/MBq (0.51 rad/mCi). Conclusion: Relatively high-contrast images of the presynaptic dopamine transporters in the basal ganglia can be acquired with 185 MBq (5 mCi) of [I-123]IPT. The radiation exposure that results is significantly less than the maximum allowed by current safety guidelines for research volunteers. C1 UNIV PENN,DIV NUCL MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR00040]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH-43880]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-24538] NR 32 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 22090-5316 SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TP052 UT WOS:A1996TP05200034 PM 8543985 ER PT J AU Chen, YF Evans, JW AF Chen, YF Evans, JW TI Cool-down time of solid oxide fuel cells intended for transportation application SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE solid oxide fuel cells; cool-down time; transportation ID BATTERIES AB To provide answers to the concern as to how quickly the temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for transportation application will drop, a thermal analysis of the cool-down time of an SOFC stack during vehicle idle or stand-by has been carried out. Because a large amount of thermal energy is stored in high-temperature SOFC stacks, it is important to select suitable thermal insulations to reduce heat loss. Three typical kinds of thermal insulating materials have been selected in the present calculations. The results indicate that a high-performance, vacuum-multifoil thermal insulation can be applied to significantly reduce heat loss and to maintain temperature uniformity across a cell stack. Consequently, the cool-down time from 1000 to 800 degrees C is extended from 2 h (with a 5 cm thick conventional material) to about 31 h (with a 1 cm thick high-performance material). C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0378-7753(96)02326-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA VE117 UT WOS:A1996VE11700012 ER PT J AU Taucher, W Adler, TC McLarnon, FR Cairns, EJ AF Taucher, W Adler, TC McLarnon, FR Cairns, EJ TI Development of lightweight nickel electrodes for zinc/nickel oxide cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE nickel; electrodes; zinc; nickel oxide ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPREGNATION; HYDROXIDE ELECTRODE AB A method for fabricating lightweight nickel electrodes has been developed by electrochemical impregnation of two different nickel fiber substrates. The electrochemical impregnation technique was applied galvanostatically at 35-50 mA/cm(2) in acidic solutions of nickel and cobalt nitrates (pH = 3). The nickel and cobalt contents of impregnated and formed electrodes was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and the amount of active nickel hydroxide was calculated. NiOOH electrode cycle-life performance testing was carried out in alkaline electrolyte (4.2-6.9 M KOH, 1 M LiOH) at a similar to C/5 rate during charge and discharge. Electrodes based on substrate materials of high porosity (90%, FN 090 Nickel Felt, Sorapec) deliver excellent specific capacities of 133-145 mAh/g in moderately alkaline electrolyte (4.2 M KOH) with an active material utilization of 67-95% depending on the quantity of co-precipitated cobalt (1.3-8.3%). NiOOH electrodes using substrates with lower porosity (81%, Fibrex 50/50 = fiber/Ni powder, National Standard) obtain very stable specific capacities (400 cycles) of 91-93 mAh/g with a utilization rate of 110% in highly alkaline electrolytes (6.9 M KOH). C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 1996 VL 58 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0378-7753(96)02327-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA VE117 UT WOS:A1996VE11700013 ER PT J AU Jordan, S Jackson, HC Nutt, DJ Handley, SL AF Jordan, S Jackson, HC Nutt, DJ Handley, SL TI Discriminative stimulus produced by the imidazoline I-2 site ligand, 2-BFI SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-BFI; drug discrimination; imidazoline I-2 binding sites; alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists; monoamine oxidase inhibitors ID IDAZOXAN BINDING-SITES; ALPHA-2 ADRENOCEPTORS; DRUG DISCRIMINATION; NORADRENALINE RELEASE; VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA; PREFERRING RECEPTORS; RAT; BRAIN; ALPHA(2A)-ADRENOCEPTORS; RABBIT AB 2-(2-Benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline, RX801077 (2-BFI) which has high affinity for imidazoline I-2 binding sites and very low affinity for alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, has been investigated for its ability to produce a discriminative stimulus (cue) in drug-discrimination studies in rats since the existence of such a cue could assist in determining the functionality of I-2 sites. All rats subjected to training proved able to discriminate the training dose of 2-BFI (33 mu mol/kg i.p.) from saline vehicle and lower (5-14 mu mol/kg) doses exhibited dose-dependent substitution. The mixed alpha(2)-adrenoceptor/I-2 site ligand idazoxan fully substituted at 40 mu mol/kg. However, ethoxy idazoxan (11 mu mol/kg) and fluparoxan (13 mu mol/kg), selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonists, also fully substituted for 2-BFI as did the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors moclobemide (99 mu mol/kg) and pargyline (153 mu mol/kg). A lower dose of moclobemide (16 mu mol/kg) exhibited partial substitution. The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine (0.1 alpha mol/kg) and guanabenz (1.4 mu mol/kg), and the benzodiazepine diazepam (14 mu mol/kg), failed to substitute for 2-BFI indicating cue specificity. However, 2-BFI (14-50 mu mol/kg) substituted partially but dose-dependently for clonidine (0.1 mu mol/kg) in rats trained to distinguish the latter from saline. Changes in rates of response were independent of the degree of substitution. The observed pattern of drug substitution is consistent with the previously reported ability of 2-BFI to decrease MAO activity and thus increase extracellular monoamines. C1 ASTON UNIV, INST PHARMACEUT SCI, BIRMINGHAM B4 7ET, W MIDLANDS, ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, CTR FUNDAMENTAL IMAGING, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. KNOLL PHARMACEUT, RES DEPT, NOTTINGHAM NG2 3AA, ENGLAND. UNIV BRISTOL, SCH MED SCI, PSYCHOPHARMACOL UNIT, BRISTOL BS8 1TD, AVON, ENGLAND. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0269-8811 J9 J PSYCHOPHARMACOL JI J. Psychopharmacol. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 4 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1177/026988119601000403 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA WF767 UT WOS:A1996WF76700003 PM 22302973 ER PT J AU Atwood, CL Engelhardt, M AF Atwood, CL Engelhardt, M TI Techniques for uncertainty analysis of complex measurement processes SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; measurement error; random effects; uncertainty analysis; variance components AB This article relates lessons that are useful in the analysis of uncertainties in a complex measurement process, through a case study. It distinguishes between the settings for confidence intervals and those for prediction intervals. It illustrates testing of an assumed variance, shows how to separate the variance contributors in a calibration curve, discusses the use of independence of variance components, gives first-order approximations for combining random errors, and emphasizes the necessity of writing all the contributors to uncertainty in a single mathematical expression. RP Atwood, CL (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,DEPT ENGN ANAL,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA TQ042 UT WOS:A1996TQ04200001 ER PT J AU Mirzadeh, S Lambrecht, RM AF Mirzadeh, S Lambrecht, RM TI Radiochemistry of germanium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; ORBITING TRANSMISSION SOURCE; CATION-EXCHANGE BEHAVIOR; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; HYDROCHLORIC-ACID; ANION-EXCHANGE; IRRADIATION; GENERATOR C1 AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG,MENAI,NSW 2234,AUSTRALIA. RP Mirzadeh, S (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,NUCL MED GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 288 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 202 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 102 DI 10.1007/BF02037941 PG 96 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TY485 UT WOS:A1996TY48500002 ER PT J AU Domalewski, MD Guyer, DA Freer, RJ Muthukumaraswamy, N Sklar, LA AF Domalewski, MD Guyer, DA Freer, RJ Muthukumaraswamy, N Sklar, LA TI Fixation traps formyl peptide receptors in high and low affinity forms that can be regulated by GTP[S] in the absence of ligand SO JOURNAL OF RECEPTOR AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TERNARY COMPLEX MODEL; REAL-TIME ANALYSIS; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; G-PROTEIN; D2-DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; ACTIN POLYMERIZATION; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; BINDING; DYNAMICS; AGONIST AB The formyl peptide receptor on human neutrophils recognizes bacterial, N-formylated peptides and initiates a cascade of intracellular signals via a pertussis toxin sensitive G(i) protein. We used fluorescence techniques to investigate the interactions of ligand (L), receptor (R), and G proteins (G), the ternary complex, in both live and fixed human neutrophils. By lightly fixing permeabilized neutrophils with a procedure that retained ligand binding, we were able to ''capture'' R and G in different configurations in the absence of ligand, Fixed receptors were trapped in a high affinity form (attributed to LRG) that could not be rapidly converted to low affinity by the addition of GTP[S]. Adding saturating nucleotide prior to fixation trapped receptors in a low affinity form (attributed to LR). The low affinity receptors retained the sensitivity of the native receptors to the presence of Na+. The distribution between high and low affinity receptors was modulated by GTP[S] in a dose dependent manner. The ability to redistribute low and high affinity receptor forms prior to fixation was unique to GTP[S], as compared to other non-activating nucleotides, suggesting that GTP[S] can regulate the distribution between R and RG. We suggest that precoupled receptors that give rise to high affinity ligand binding are likely to exist in native membranes in human neutrophils. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DIV CYTOMETRY,CANC RES & TREATMENT CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NATL FLOW CYTOMETRY RESOURCE,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,BIOMED ENGN PROGRAM,RICHMOND,VA 23298. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01315]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 19032] NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1079-9893 J9 J RECEPT SIGNAL TR R JI J. Recept. Signal Transduct. Res. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 75 DI 10.3109/10799899609039941 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA UP020 UT WOS:A1996UP02000004 PM 8771531 ER PT J AU Colle, R Unterweger, MP Hutchinson, JMR Whittlestone, S Polian, G Ardouin, B Kay, JG Friend, JP Blomquist, BW Nadler, W Dang, TT Larsen, RJ Hutter, AR AF Colle, R Unterweger, MP Hutchinson, JMR Whittlestone, S Polian, G Ardouin, B Kay, JG Friend, JP Blomquist, BW Nadler, W Dang, TT Larsen, RJ Hutter, AR TI An international marine-atmospheric Rn-222 measurement intercomparison in Bermuda .2. Results for the participating laboratories SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air; environment; intercomparison; marine atmosphere; measurement; radon-222 ID RADON AB As part of an international measurement intercomparison of instruments used to measure atmospheric Rn-222, four participating laboratories made nearly simultaneous measurements of Rn-222 activity concentration in commonly sampled, ambient air over approximately a 2 week period, and three of these four laboratories participated in the measurement comparison of 14 introduced samples with known, but undisclosed (''blind'') Rn-222 activity concentration. The exercise was conducted in Bermuda in October 1991. The Rn-222 activity concentrations in ambient Bermudian air over the course of the intercomparison ranged from a few hundredths of a Bq . m(-3) to about 2 Bq . m(-3), while the standardized sample additions covered a range from approximately 2.5 Bq . m(-3) to 35 Bq . m(-3). The overall uncertainty in the latter concentrations was in the general range of 10%, approximating a 3 standard deviation uncertainty interval. The results of the intercomparison indicated that two of the laboratories were within very good agreement with the standard additions, and almost within expected statistical variations. These same two laboratories, however, at lower ambient concentrations, exhibited a systematic difference with an averaged offset of roughly 0.3 Bq . m(-3). The third laboratory participating in the measurement of standardized sample additions was systematically low by about 65% to 70%, with respect to the standard addition which was also confirmed in their ambient air concentration measurements. The fourth laboratory, participating in only the ambient measurement part of the intercomparison, was also systematically low by at least 40% with respect to the first two laboratories. C1 AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG, MENAI, NSW 2234, AUSTRALIA. CEA, CNRS, LAB MIXTE, CTR FAIBLES RADIOACT, F-91198 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. DREXEL UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ATMOSPHER CHEM LABS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. US DOE, ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB, NEW YORK, NY 10014 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 101 IS 1 BP 21 EP 46 DI 10.6028/jres.101.006 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA UE686 UT WOS:A1996UE68600002 PM 27805091 ER PT J AU Read, HW Fu, XZ Clark, LA Anderson, MA Jarosch, T AF Read, HW Fu, XZ Clark, LA Anderson, MA Jarosch, T TI Field trials of a TiO2 pellet-based photocatalytic reactor for off-gas treatment at a soil vapor extraction well SO JOURNAL OF SOIL CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE gas-phase photocatalysis; titanium dioxide; perchloroethylene; soil vapor extraction; soil remediation ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; PHASE AB A field trial of a pilot-scale TiO2 photocatalytic reactor for treatment of off-gases from a soil vapor extraction (SVE) well at a chlorinated solvent spill site at the Savannah River Site near Aiken, SC, is described. Trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) were treated at flow rates up to 6 l/min and space times of 5.1 x 10(7) to 1.2 x 10(9) g/mol. The TiO2 used was in the form of porous pellets with a surface area of 150 m(2)/g. Operation of the reactor with the undiluted waste stream (5000 ppmv) at 80, 100, and 110 degrees C yielded many undesirable byproducts, such as phosgene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and penta- and hexachloroethane, even though the conversion of PCE and TCE approached 100%. After diluting the waste stream with ambient air to below 1000 ppmv and maintaining space times around 5 x 10(8) g/mol, a conversion >99.5% was achieved with the production of only small amounts (<10 ppmv) of hexachloroethane. The reactor was operated continuously for 8 d, with no noticeable deterioration in catalyst activity. In a subsequent laboratory study to determine the mass balance, CO2 determined in the reactor effluent accounted for 80% of the influent carbon. C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,ENVIRONM SCI SECT,AIKEN,SC 29808. RP Read, HW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,WATER SCI & ENGN LAB,WATER CHEM PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Anderson, Marc/I-2437-2015 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1058-8337 J9 J SOIL CONTAM JI J. Soil Contam. PY 1996 VL 5 IS 2 BP 187 EP 202 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VU022 UT WOS:A1996VU02200006 ER PT J AU Choueiri, EY AF Choueiri, EY TI System optimization of ablative pulsed plasma thrusters for stationkeeping SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB We present a realistic and easy-to-apply model for the system optimization of ablative pulsed plasma propulsion for stationkeeping missions. The model yields the characteristics of the propulsion module(s) that lead to minimum propulsion system mass for given mission specifications. We show that using an empirical relation for mass production, an expression relating the optimal (minimum) propulsion system mass to the thruster's most important scaling parameter E/I (the ratio of the discharge energy E to the impulse bit I) can be found and, remarkably, is independent of the state of capacitor and power conditioning technologies. This independence allows unfolding the relations between the module mass, E/I, and the mission requirements in a single plot that is applicable for a wide range of delta-v and payload masses. The use of the model to characterize the optimal design of a pulsed plasma thruster system is illustrated with the example of a 10-year north-south stationkeeping of a medium size commercial satellite at geosynchronous orbit. We show that even with off-the-shelf capacitors, the use of such thrusters can result in propulsion mass fractions as low as 6.4%. RP Choueiri, EY (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,ELECT PROP & PLASMA DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 33 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.2514/3.55713 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TV691 UT WOS:A1996TV69100015 ER PT J AU Kawashima, N AF Kawashima, N TI Cluster algorithms for anisotropic quantum spin models SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum Monte Carlo; cluster algorithm; YZ model, Heisenberg model; XY model ID LATTICE FIELD-THEORY; MONTE-CARLO; XY-MODEL; PERCOLATION; TRANSITION AB We present cluster Monte Carlo algorithms for the XYZ quantum spin models. In the special case of S=1/2, the new algorithm can be viewed as a cluster algorithm for the 8-vertex model. As an example, we study the S = 1/2 XY model in two dimensions with a representation in which the quantization axis lies in the easy plane. We find that the numerical autocorrelation time for the cluster algorithm remains of the order of unity and does not show any significant dependence on the temperature, the system size, or the Trotter number. On the other hand, the autocorrelation time for the conventional algorithm strongly depends on these parameters and can be very large. The use of improved estimators for thermodynamic averages further enhances the efficiency of the new algorithms. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV TOKYO,DEPT PHYS,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP Kawashima, N (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 153 DI 10.1007/BF02189228 PG 23 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TT370 UT WOS:A1996TT37000006 ER PT J AU Nieplocha, J Harrison, RJ Littlefield, RJ AF Nieplocha, J Harrison, RJ Littlefield, RJ TI Global arrays: A nonuniform memory access programming model for high-performance computers SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE NUMA architecture; parallel programming models; shared memory; parallel programming environments; distributed arrays; Global Arrays; one-sided communication; scientific computing; Grand Challenges; computational chemistry ID PARALLEL COMPUTERS AB Portability efficiency, and ease of coding are all important considerations in choosing the programming model for a scalable parallel application. The message-passing programming model is widely used because of its portability, yet some applications are too complex to code in it while also trying to maintain a balanced computation load and avoid redundant computations. The shared-memory programming model simplifies coding, but it is not portable and often provides little control over interprocessor data transfer costs. This paper describes an approach, called Global Arrays (GAs), that combines the better features of both other models, leading to both simple coding and efficient execution. The key concept of GAs is that they provide a portable interface through which each process in a MIMD parallel program can asynchronously access logical blocks of physically distributed matrices, with no need for explicit cooperation by other processes. We have implemented the GA library on a variety of computer systems, including the Intel Delta and Paragon, the IBM SP-1 and SP-2 (all message passers), the Kendall Square Research KSR-1/2 and the Convex SPP-1200 (nonuniform access shared-memory machines), the GRAY T3D (a globally addressable distributed-memory computer), and networks of UNIX workstations. We discuss the design and implementation of these libraries, report their performance, illustrate the use of GAs in the context of computational chemistry applications, and describe the use of a GA performance Visualization tool. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 2 BP 169 EP 189 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA VV191 UT WOS:A1996VV19100003 ER PT J AU JonesOliveira, JB AF JonesOliveira, JB TI Transient analytic and numerical results for the fluid-solid interaction of prolate spheroidal shells SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A transient solution is presented which models the fluid-solid interaction of a thin elastic prolate spheroidal shell loaded end-on by a nonconservative acoustic shock wave. Solutions to the Lagrangian equations of motion are provided for the normal and tangential shell displacement fields, as well as for the incident, scattered, and radiated fluid pressure fields. The explicit analytic solutions converge uniformly and absolutely to the exact solution of the actual coupled differential equations over the entire temporal and spatial domains both in the structure and in the fluid. Numerical results for the-free vibrations and for the transient fluid-solid interactions of a fluid-loaded prolate spheroidal shell are presented. As in the case for the spherical geometry, the fluid loading is shown to down shift the frequencies and to introduce additional proliferant structural frequencies. Long time history plots of the shell displacements are presented for the submerged shock-loaded low aspect ratio case, Insights into the qualitative and quantitative effects of the fluid on the structural response are revealed. DOE-MACSYMA was used extensively to develop and verify the solutions. (C) 1996 Acoustical Society of America. RP JonesOliveira, JB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 99 IS 1 BP 392 EP 407 DI 10.1121/1.414551 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA TQ787 UT WOS:A1996TQ78700041 ER PT J AU Loehman, RE Ewsuk, K Tomsia, AP AF Loehman, RE Ewsuk, K Tomsia, AP TI Synthesis of Al2O3-Al composites by reactive metal penetration SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM SILICON ALLOYS; AL2O3/METAL COMPOSITES; DIRECTED OXIDATION AB Ceramic-metal composites have been made to near net-shape by reactive penetration of dense ceramic preforms by molten Al, In contrast to processes involving physical infiltration of a porous medium, this process works with dense ceramic preforms, Ceramic-metal composite formation by reactive metal penetration is driven by a strongly negative Gibbs energy for reaction, For Al, the general form of the reaction is (x + 2)Al + (3/y)MO(y) --> Al2O3 + M(3/y)Al(x), where MO(y) is an oxide that is wet by molten Al, In low P-O2, atmospheres and at temperatures above about 900 degrees C, molten Al reduces mullite to produce Al2O3 and silicon, The Al/mullite reaction has a Delta G(r) degrees(1200 K) of -1014 kJ/mol and, if the mullite is fully dense, the theoretical volume change on reaction is less than 1%, Experiments with commercial mullite containing a silicate grain boundary phase average less than 2% volume change on reaction, In the Al/mullite system, reactive metal penetration produces a fine-grained alumina skeleton with an interspersed metal phase, With enough excess aluminum, mutually interpenetrating ceramic-metal composites are produced. Properties measurements show that ceramic-metal composites produced by reactive metal penetration of mullite by Al have a Young's modulus and hardness similar to that of Al2O3, with improved fracture toughness ranging from 5 to 9 MPa . m(1/2). For penetration times less than 1 h, reaction layer thickness varies as the square root of time, which allows ceramic-metal composite coatings to be fabricated by controlling the penetration time. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that other compositions also are candidates for in situ reaction synthesis, which suggests that reactive metal penetration may be a general route to composite synthesis with the prospect for near net-shape processing. C1 PASK RES & ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP Loehman, RE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. NR 25 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb07876.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TQ054 UT WOS:A1996TQ05400004 ER PT J AU Mackin, TJ Perry, KE Epstein, JS Cady, C Evans, AG AF Mackin, TJ Perry, KE Epstein, JS Cady, C Evans, AG TI Strain fields and damage around notches in ceramic-matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Strain development in several notched ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) has been monitored over a broad range of load. This was achieved by using phase-shifting moire interferometry, which provides a map of the surface strains. A sequence of fringe patterns was used to chart the evolution of strain redistribution as a function of load. The ensuing strains were related to the micromechanical damage mechanisms. Stress concentrations were estimated from the strains by using stress/strain curves. Implications for the notch sensitivity of CMCs are discussed. C1 EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT MAT,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP Mackin, TJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH & IND ENGN,1206 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb07881.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TQ054 UT WOS:A1996TQ05400009 ER PT J AU Jamnik, J Raj, R AF Jamnik, J Raj, R TI Space-charge-controlled diffusional creep: Volume diffusion case SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM ALUMINATE SPINEL; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; OXIDE AB The diffusive flux of atoms required in Nabarro-Herring creep can, under certain conditions, become limited by diffusion across the space charge layer that is associated with interfaces in ionic or partly ionic materials. We derive a new equation for volume diffusional creep in such materials. Physically speaking, the creep rate is enhanced when the defect, which controls the self-diffusivity, is accumulated, and retarded when this defect is depleted, in the space charge region, For the enhanced case the factor by which the strain rate is increased quickly reaches a limit given by 1 + 4L(D)/d, where L(D) is the Debye length, and d is the grain size. In the other case the retardation factor continues to increase exponentially with the space charge potential: furthermore, the retardation is most severe when the valency of the accumulating defect, which constitutes the space charge region, is small, while the valency of the depleted defect, which controls diffusion, is large. In retardation the grain size dependence of the creep rate changes from d(-2) to d(-1). C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI MSK765,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Jamnik, J (reprint author), NATL INST CHEM,HAJDRIHOVA 19,LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIA. OI RAJ, RISHI/0000-0001-8556-9797 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb07898.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TQ054 UT WOS:A1996TQ05400026 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Baldwin, S AF Sugama, T Baldwin, S TI Hydrothermal cement/metal interfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM ALUMINATE CEMENTS; PHOSPHATE CEMENTS; ZINC; HYDROXYAPATITE; CARBONATION; STRENGTH; COATINGS; STEEL; PASTE AB We investigated the adherence of two cementitious materials, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and silica flour-filled class G cement (CGC), to metal substrates, such as cold-rolled steel (CRS), stainless steel (SS), electroplated zinc-coated steel (EZS), and zinc phosphate-coated steel (ZPS) after autoclaving at 200 degrees C. In CPC/metal joints, the gamma-AlOOH phase, which segregated from the hydroxyapatite phase of the CPC matrix, was preferentially precipitated on the CRS and SS surfaces and also mixed with the reaction products formed at the interfaces between CPC and EZS or ZPS, Precipitation of gamma-AlOOH caused the formation of a weak boundary layer at the interfacial transition zones, thereby resulting in a low shear-bond strength, Although CGC accelerated the rate of corrosion of CRS and SS surfaces, the growth of Fe2O3 clusters, formed as the corrosion products of metals at interfaces, aided the anchoring effect of xonotlite crystals as the major phase of CGC matrix, thereby conferring a high shear-bond strength, The EZS and ZPS surfaces were susceptible to alkali dissolution caused by the attack of the high-pH interstitial fluid of CGC pastes to the Zn and zinc phosphate coatings, Thus, the bond strengths of the CGC/EZS and /ZPS joints were lower than those of the joints made with CRS and SS. C1 WORCESTER POLYTECH INST,DEPT CHEM,WORCESTER,MA 01609. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,ENERGY EFFICIENCY & CONSERVAT DIV,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 79 IS 1 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb07901.x PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TQ054 UT WOS:A1996TQ05400029 ER PT J AU Weinberg, AM AF Weinberg, AM TI Social institutions and nuclear energy-II SO JOURNAL OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA Japanese DT Article RP Weinberg, AM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,POB 117,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO 105, JAPAN SN 0004-7120 J9 J ATOM ENERG SOC JPN JI J. At. Energy Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 38 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA UN860 UT WOS:A1996UN86000001 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Ginley, DS AF Bhattacharya, RN Ginley, DS TI Preparation of lead-zirconium-titanium film and powder by electrodeposition SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Lead,zirconium-titanium films and powders have been prepared by electrodeposition techniques that deposit all of the precursor components simultaneously while providing atomic scale mixing, reducing reaction time to the order of minutes to obtain desired phase development. Materials were characterized by x-ray analysis, electron probe microanalysis, and Auger analysis. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1149/1.1836392 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600022 ER PT J AU Aldykiewicz, AJ Davenport, AJ Isaacs, HS AF Aldykiewicz, AJ Davenport, AJ Isaacs, HS TI Studies of the formation of cerium-rich protective films using x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy and rotating disk electrode methods SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; NEUTRAL SOLUTIONS; INHIBITORS; ALUMINUM; CORROSION; RING; IRON AB The deposition of cerium-rich films on copper under cathodic polarization was studied as a model system for understanding the mechanism of corrosion inhibition of copper-containing aluminum alloys. Deposition was also studied on gold and. iron for comparison with copper. Inhibition of corrosion of the aluminum alloys is achieved by deposition of a cerium-rich film on the copper-containing intermetallics that blocks the cathodic reduction of oxygen at these sites. X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements show that cerium-rich films precipitated from aerated solutions are in the tetravalent state. Thermodynamically, the Pourbaix diagram predicts that under these conditions cerium should be in the trivalent state. This indicates that cerium chemistry is determined by processes in the solution rather than the potential of the electrode. Cerium-rich film formation is dependent on reduction of oxygen which influences the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) in solution and precipitation of the film by changing the local pH at the electrode. The generation of hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction is considered to enhance cerium-rich film formation by oxidizing Ce(III) to Ce(IV) in solution. This was confirmed by addition of hydrogen peroxide to the solution. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,STONY BROOK,NY 11723. RI Davenport, Alison/J-6089-2013 OI Davenport, Alison/0000-0003-0853-515X NR 27 TC 180 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1149/1.1836400 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600030 ER PT J AU Farmer, JC Fix, DV Mack, GV Pekala, RW Poco, JF AF Farmer, JC Fix, DV Mack, GV Pekala, RW Poco, JF TI Capacitive deionization of NaCl and NaNO3 solutions with carbon aerogel electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL AB A process for the capacitive deionization of water with a stack of carbon aerogel electrodes has been developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Unlike ion exchange, one of the more conventional deionization processes, no chemicals are required for regeneration of the system. Electricity is used instead. Water with various anions and cations is pumped through the electrochemical cell. After polarization, ions are electrostatically removed from the water and held in the electric double layers formed at the surfaces of electrodes. The water leaving the cell is purified, as desired. The effects of cell voltage and cycling on the electrosorption capacities for NaCl and NaNO3 have been investigated and are reported here. RP Farmer, JC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 33 TC 256 Z9 270 U1 17 U2 117 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1149/1.1836402 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600032 ER PT J AU Smith, AR McDonald, RJ Manini, H Hurley, DL Norman, EB Vella, MC Odom, RW AF Smith, AR McDonald, RJ Manini, H Hurley, DL Norman, EB Vella, MC Odom, RW TI Low-background instrumental neutron activation analysis of silicon semiconductor materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Samples of silicon wafers, some implanted with zinc, some with memory circuits fabricated on them, and some with oxide coatings were activated with neutrons and analyzed for trace element impurities with low background germanium gamma-ray spectrometers. Results are presented for these samples as well as for a reference material. Because the silicon matrix activation is so small, reduced spectrometer system background permits the detection of significantly lower impurity concentrations than would otherwise be possible. For our highest efficiency and lowest background system, limits on the lowest levels of trace element concentrations have been measured for wafer sized (1 to 10 g) samples and inferred for bulk sized (365 g) samples. For wafer-sized samples, parts-per-trillion detection capabilities are demonstrated for a variety of elemental contaminants important in semiconductor fabrication. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CHARLES EVANS & ASSOCIATES,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. RP Smith, AR (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1149/1.1836433 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600063 ER PT J AU Ren, XM Wilson, MS Gottesfeld, S AF Ren, XM Wilson, MS Gottesfeld, S TI High performance direct methanol polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID MEMBRANES AB Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using Pt-Ru electrocatalysts and perfluorosulfonic acid membranes provide high performances if operated above 100 degrees C with optimized catalyst layers. A decal transfer method is used to apply thin-film catalyst/ionomer composite layers to Nafion(R) membranes. A Nafion 112 membrane/electrode assembly operating on 5 atm oxygen at 130 degrees C yields a current of 670 mA/cm(2) at 0.5 V cell voltage. Peak power density is 400 mW/cm(2). The same cell operating on 3 atm air at 110 degrees C yields 370 mA/cm(2) at 0.5 V and provides a maximum power density of 250 mW/cm(2). RP Ren, XM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI ren, xiaoming/F-3953-2011 NR 14 TC 393 Z9 412 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 143 IS 1 BP L12 EP L15 DI 10.1149/1.1836375 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA TP726 UT WOS:A1996TP72600005 ER PT J AU Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Loehman, RE Ewsuk, K AF Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Loehman, RE Ewsuk, K TI Effects of composition and atmosphere on reactive metal penetration of aluminium in mullite SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Mullite 94 Workshop CY SEP 07-09, 1994 CL IRSEE, GERMANY SP USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, German Aerosp Res Estab AB Ceramic-metal composites can be made by reactive penetration of dense ceramic preforms by molten Al. Molten Al will reduce mullite to produce a composite of Al2O3, Si and Al. The reaction can be written as 3Al(6)Si(2)O(13) + (8 + x)Al --> 13Al(2)O(3) + AlxSiy + (6 - y)Si. The penetration is driven by the strongly negative Gibbs free energy for reaction. In order to assess the influence of atmosphere and temperature in the penetration process, reaction couples of molten Al on mullite were heated at temperatures from 950 to 1150 degrees C, and at p(O-2) from similar to 10(-10) to similar to 10(-20) atm. In this range p(O-2) has little influence on reaction kinetics; the reaction rate is controlled by the rate of Si diffusion out of the preform to the external Al source. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0955-2219(95)00156-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA UC801 UT WOS:A1996UC80100026 ER PT J AU Thomas, G AF Thomas, G TI Electron microscopy and microanalysis of ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on the Modern Applications of Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopies in Ceramics, at the European-Ceramic-Society 4th Conference CY OCT 02-06, 1995 CL RICCIONE, ITALY SP European Ceram Soc ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; PHASE CRYSTALLIZATION; STRENGTH; GLASS; BEHAVIOR; MULLITE; SYSTEM; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; FABRICATION AB We live and work in a world that depends on materials and their performance. The science of materials has developed to a position of great understanding, such that materials can be microscopically tailored to provide specific sets of properties. The practical applications of newly designed materials depend on market interest and costs. In the final analysis it is the processing of materials that remains the key factor. In order to facilitate technical advances, the relationships between processing, microstructure, and performance must be established This task is generic to all materials whether for mechanical or physical property goals. Central to such understanding is the role played by electron optical, diffraction and analytical methods of characterization in their specificity to synthesis almost to the atomic level.(1-3) This paper provides some Examples of such applications to several ceramic systems, and attempts to indicate the generic nature of many problems to be solved. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV SCI MAT, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, G (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 3 BP 323 EP 338 DI 10.1016/0955-2219(95)00113-1 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA UC802 UT WOS:A1996UC80200002 ER PT J AU Crane, JK Nguyen, H Wilks, SC Ditmire, T Coverdale, CA Glover, TE Perry, MD Zakharenkov, Y AF Crane, JK Nguyen, H Wilks, SC Ditmire, T Coverdale, CA Glover, TE Perry, MD Zakharenkov, Y TI Strong anomalous emission from He-like and H-like Ne in short-pulse laser-driven plasmas SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED IONIZATION; DENSITY; ACCELERATION; SCATTERING AB We observe strong emission-from the 1s(2)-1snp Rydberg series in He-Like Ne and from the Lyman-cu transition in H-like Ne. These emissions are observed when 1.05-mu m light in a 600-fs laser pulse is focused into the dense, localized output of a pulsed supersonic nozzle. The maximum focal irradiance of our laser was measured at full power in vacuum to be 1.1 X 10(18) W/cm(2) Although emissions from lower charge states such as Ne6+ and Ne7+ closely follow rates predicted by tunneling theory, emissions from Ne8+ and Ne9+ are observed at irradiances 2 orders of magnitude below tunneling theory estimates. We discuss the origins of these anomalously high charge states and the implications to the development of short-pulse, ultrahigh-brightness x-ray sources. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America RP Crane, JK (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-493,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000089 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP060 UT WOS:A1996TP06000011 ER PT J AU Lerner, PB LaGattuta, K Cohen, JS AF Lerner, PB LaGattuta, K Cohen, JS TI Comparison of quasi-classical and quasi-static quantum approaches to the ionization of helium by a circularly polarized laser field SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; MANY-BODY MODEL; IONS; HE AB Employing the quasi-classical Fermi molecular dynamics (FMD) method, we find no evidence for the existence of a nonsequential double-ionization mechanism for helium interacting with a pulse of circularly polarized, high-intensity laser radiation. This contrasts with our earlier research, for linearly polarized laser light [Phys. Rev. A 49, R12 (1994)], in which effects of the nonsequential double ionization of helium were noted. We also compute emitted-electron kinetic energy spectra by FMD and compare these with spectra derived from a quasi-static tunneling model calculation. In this context we discuss the applicability of the FMD approach to simulations of the photoionization of multielectron systems by intense pulsed laser fields. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP Lerner, PB (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, 104 DAVEY LAB, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. OI Lerner , Peter/0000-0002-3086-0170 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000096 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP060 UT WOS:A1996TP06000012 ER PT J AU Donnelly, TD DaSilva, L Lee, RW Mrowka, S Hofer, M Falcone, RW AF Donnelly, TD DaSilva, L Lee, RW Mrowka, S Hofer, M Falcone, RW TI Experimental and theoretical investigation of recombination-pumped x-ray lasers driven by high intensity, short-pulse lasers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-INDUCED IONIZATION AB We have experimentally investigated a recombination-pumped soft-x-ray laser on a Lyman-cu transition (135 Angstrom) of hydrogenlike lithium. Furthermore, we have modeled the dynamics of this system, including the effects of the multipeaked electron distribution function that is obtained from the sequential, optical-field ionization of an atom. We compare the predictions of our model and our experimental results. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 13 IS 1 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.13.000185 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA TP060 UT WOS:A1996TP06000025 ER PT J AU Uwatoko, Y Ishii, T Oomi, G Takahasi, H Mori, N Thompson, JD Shero, JL Madru, D Fisk, Z AF Uwatoko, Y Ishii, T Oomi, G Takahasi, H Mori, N Thompson, JD Shero, JL Madru, D Fisk, Z TI Pressure collapse of Kondo gap in Kondo compound CeRhSb SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Letter DE Kondo gap; pressure effect; electrical resistivity; CeRhSb AB The effect of pressure on the electrical resistivity of CeRhSb has been studied up to 80 kbar in order to elucidate the electronic Properties of CeRhSb at low temperature. It is found that the Kondo temperature increases with pressure and gap is quenched at P = 80 kbar, showing a maximum around 30 kbar. C1 KUMAMOTO UNIV, FAC GEN EDUC, DEPT PHYS, KUMAMOTO 860, JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO, ISSP, TOKYO 106, JAPAN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Uwatoko, Y (reprint author), SAITAMA UNIV, FAC SCI, URAWA, SAITAMA 338, JAPAN. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 65 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.65.27 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TT953 UT WOS:A1996TT95300009 ER PT J AU Dobrzynski, L Papoular, RJ Sakata, M AF Dobrzynski, L Papoular, RJ Sakata, M TI Internal magnetization density distribution of iron and nickel by the maximum entropy method SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE magnetic form factors; transition metals; maximum entropy method ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION DATA AB We have reanalysed the polarized neutron data for the magnetic form factors of Fe (Shull and Yamada, 1962) and Ni (Mook, 1966, Maniawski et al., 1981) using the model-free Maximum Entropy technique. The magnetic anisotropy of e(g) and t(2g) types, respectively, is clearly visible. An apparently new feature observed is a depletion of the magnetization density at nuclei positions. One can prove that its observation was possible because of an enhanced spatial resolution of the MaxEnt method. From a model-free MaxEnt point of view, effect of a presence of the negative magnetization is of the order of the sensitivity of MaxEnt. The data can be fitted almost equally well by a strictly positive or a positive/negative magnetization distribution, which agrees with conclusions of Dobrzynski (1976) and Kaprzyk et al. (1981). If presence of the negative magnetization is assumed, the corresponding form factors give contribution to the innermost reflections and vary in an oscillatory manner. C1 WARSAW UNIV BRANCH, INST PHYS, PL-15424 BIALYSTOK, POLAND. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. CENS, LAB LEON BRILLOUIN, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. NAGOYA UNIV, DEPT APPL PHYS, NAGOYA, AICHI 464, JAPAN. RP Dobrzynski, L (reprint author), INST ENERGITEKNIKK, POB 40, N-2007 KJELLER, NORWAY. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 65 IS 1 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.65.255 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TT953 UT WOS:A1996TT95300043 ER PT J AU Lutz, MP Zimmerman, RW AF Lutz, MP Zimmerman, RW TI Thermal stresses and effective thermal expansion coefficient of a functionally gradient sphere SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article AB We present the exact solution to the problem of uniform heating of a spherical body whose elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficient vary linearly with the radius. The Frobenius series method is used to find exact expressions for the displacements and stresses. Both the radial and hoop stresses are largest in magnitude at the center of the sphere. The radial stress decays to zero at the outer edge, whereas the hoop stresses always change sign at some intermediate value of the radius. We also find an exact expression for the effective thermal expansion coefficient. For the special case where the thermal expansion coefficient varies with the radius but the elastic moduli are uniform, the effective thermal expansion coefficient of the sphere is equal to the volumetric average of the local thermal expansion coefficient. In the more general case, where the moduli also vary the moduli variations have very little influence on the effective thermal expansion coefficient. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV EARTH SCI,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. OI Zimmerman, Robert/0000-0001-6674-3403 NR 16 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1080/01495739608946159 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA TX177 UT WOS:A1996TX17700003 ER PT J AU Chen, K Eddy, TL AF Chen, K Eddy, TL TI Thermodynamic charts for nonequilibrium plasma flow in a supersonic nozzle SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN PLASMA AB Presented in this article is a one-dimensional, nonequilibrium analysis for reacting flow in a supersonic nozzle, Thermodynamic charts of different entropy values were developed to take into account the effects of finite reaction rate during the transition from local chemical equilibrium (LChE) to frozen now. At a given entropy the LChE curve was calculated first. Frozen flow solutions starting at different points on the LChE curve were then computed and plotted on a constant-entropy plane, The first and second laws of thermodynamics were employed to determine the ranges of valid solutions on different constant-entropy planes. Variations of temperature, pressure, and chemical affinity along the nozzle were computed for argon plasma at 10 atm and 15,000 K discharged through a supersonic nozzle to 0.05 atm, Effects of entropy change on the region of valid plasma states that were bounded by LChE and frozen flow solutions were examined. Three-dimensional plots were made to assist in viewing the variations of plasma state and nozzle performance when irreversibility due to finite reaction rates was considered. It was found that the range of valid states for a reacting flow decreases as entropy increases. Consequently, only charts within a certain entropy range are needed for a given reservoir condition. C1 EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP Chen, K (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT MECH ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 10 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.2514/3.766 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA TQ034 UT WOS:A1996TQ03400022 ER PT J AU Bates, JB Yu, XH AF Bates, JB Yu, XH TI Enhanced deposition rate of lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin films by sputtering of Li3PO4 in N-2-He gas mixtures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article AB The addition of He to N-2 increases significantly the deposition rate of lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Li3PO4 targets. From the correlation with the optical emission intensity, the enhanced rate is attributed to an increase in the N-2(+) ion concentration in the plasma due to Penning ionization. The ionic conductivity of the films deposited at higher rates in He+20% N-2 compares favorably with that of films deposited at lower rates in pure N-2. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Bates, JB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1116/1.579876 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA TR272 UT WOS:A1996TR27200006 ER PT J AU Chow, R Loomis, GE Ward, RL AF Chow, R Loomis, GE Ward, RL TI Optical multilayer films based on an amorphous fluoropolymer SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION AB Multilayered coatings were made by physical vapor deposition (PVD) of a perfluorinated amorphous polymer, Teflon AF2400, and with other optical materials. A high reflector for 1064 nm light was made with ZnS and AF2400. An all-organic 1064 nm reflector was made from AF2400 and polyethylene. Oxide (HfO2 and SiO2) compatibility with AF2400 was also tested. The multilayer morphologies were influenced by coating stress and unintentional temperature rises from the PVD process. Analysis by liquid nuclear magnetic resonance of the thin films showed slight compositional variations between the coating and starting materials of perfluorinated amorphous polymers. RP Chow, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1116/1.579881 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA TR272 UT WOS:A1996TR27200011 ER PT J AU Stevens, JE Sowa, MJ Cecchi, JL AF Stevens, JE Sowa, MJ Cecchi, JL TI Uniformity of radio frequency bias voltages along conducting surfaces in a plasma SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES AB High-density magnetic-field-free plasma sources produce plasmas that are opaque to radio frequency (rf) fields in the 0-200 MHz frequency range. Thus plasma currents from a biased substrate flow to ground along reactor surfaces. We investigate some consequences of this rf skin effect in an inductively coupled plasma source with densities of 10(11)-10(12)cm(-3) in argon. Magnetic probe measurements confirm that capacitively coupled rf fields are localized near the reactor surfaces. Electric probes were used to measure the voltage on the surface of a biased platen without a substrate. We find that the rf wavelength and phase velocity along reactor surfaces are reduced by a factor of similar to 5 compared to free space. This reduced wavelength is attributed to a surface wave which can be analyzed using a formalism similar to that for Trivelpiece-Gould modes. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1116/1.579909 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA TR272 UT WOS:A1996TR27200022 ER PT J AU Balooch, M Moalem, M Wang, WE Hamza, AV AF Balooch, M Moalem, M Wang, WE Hamza, AV TI Low-energy Ar ion-induced and chlorine ion etching of silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID GAS-SURFACE CHEMISTRY; SPUTTERING YIELD; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; MODEL; ARGON; XENON; BEAM; MASS; CL-2 AB A nearly monoenergetic beam of argon and chlorine ions with kinetic energy from 40 to 900 eV and intensity up to 30 mu A/cm(2) is used to study the etching of Si. The etch rate and ion current density at the surface are simultaneously measured to obtain the etch yield. The ratio of atomic chlorine (Cl+) to molecular chlorine (Cl-2(+)) ions striking the surface is measured by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. In the absence of any chlorine, the Ar ion sputtering of silicon at 120 eV is about 0.05 silicon atoms removed per ion and monotonically increases to 1 silicon atom per ion at 800 eV. The Ar+-induced etch yield increases by about an order of magnitude when the surface is simultaneously exposed to a neutral molecular chlorine flux sufficient to produce saturation coverages from the effusive doser. An etch yield of 0.13 silicon atoms removed per incident Ar ion is measured at an Ar+ energy of 50 eV, which also monotonically increases to 4 silicon atoms removed per incident argon ion at 700 eV. The etch yield further increases by approximately a factor of 20% as the surface is bombarded with energetic chlorine ions. The etch yield with energetic chlorine ions increases from 0.07 to similar to 5 silicon atoms per incident ion with increasing kinetic energy from 40 to 900 eV. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. RP Balooch, M (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1116/1.579924 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA TR272 UT WOS:A1996TR27200035 ER PT J AU Mirkarimi, PB McCarty, KF Cardinale, GF Medlin, DL Ottesen, DK Johnsen, HA AF Mirkarimi, PB McCarty, KF Cardinale, GF Medlin, DL Ottesen, DK Johnsen, HA TI Substrate effects in cubic boron nitride film formation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID ION PLATING METHOD; THIN-FILMS; STRESS AB We have examined the effect of the substrate in cubic boron nitride (c-BN) film synthesis by depositing BN films on a variety of materials using ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition. Using optical modeling, we estimated the c-BN content of the films from the measured infrared reflectance spectra. We find less c-BN in films grown on metal substrates than in films grown on Si and SiC/Si substrates. The c-BN content of the films decreased with decreasing substrate microhardness. This result is qualitatively consistent with the model of stress-induced c-BN film formation. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Mirkarimi, PB (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1116/1.579928 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA TR272 UT WOS:A1996TR27200039 ER PT J AU Maya, L Paranthaman, M Thundat, T Bauer, ML AF Maya, L Paranthaman, M Thundat, T Bauer, ML TI Gold oxide as precursor to gold silica nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FILMS; SURFACES; GLASS AB Gold oxide films were prepared by reactive sputtering of pure gold in an oxygen plasma. These films were characterized by chemical and physical means to better understand the behavior of this metastable compound. Gold oxide, Au2O3, decomposes into the elements at 350 degrees C. It does not react with dry carbon dioxide but does form a metastable bicarbonate in the presence of moisture and CO2, releasing oxygen and eventually reverting to elemental gold. Gold oxide was generated by reactive sputtering along with silica in an oxygen plasma from Au-Si solidified alloys. Gold oxide decomposed upon pyrolysis to produce composites showing different characteristics depending on the gold content. Composites containing about 95 wt% gold produced reflective, conductive, and adherent films. Composites derived from an alloy containing 5 at. % gold produced a nanostructured material with gold clusters of about 5 nm in diameter dispersed in a silica matrix. This nanocomposite showed high resistivity, and capacitance with a dielectric constant of 400. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HLTH SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. TRI INC,KNOXVILLE,TN 37931. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV INSTRUMENTAT & CONTROLS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Maya, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1116/1.589020 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA TV710 UT WOS:A1996TV71000003 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Lee, JW Lambers, ES Mileham, JR Abernathy, CR Hobson, WS Ren, F Shul, RJ AF Pearton, SJ Lee, JW Lambers, ES Mileham, JR Abernathy, CR Hobson, WS Ren, F Shul, RJ TI High microwave power electron cyclotron resonance etching of III-V semiconductors in CH4/H-2/Ar SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID INP; CH4/H2/AR; MIXTURES; GAAS AB Etch rates up to 7000 Angstrom/min for InP and 3500 Angstrom/min for GaAs are obtained for high microwave power (1000 W) CH4/H-2/Ar electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching. Preferential loss of the group V element leads to nonstoichiometric, unacceptably rough surfaces on In-based binary semiconductors at microwave powers greater than or equal to 400 W, regardless of plasma composition. Both Ga- and Al-based materials retain smooth, stoichiometric surfaces even at 1000 W but the rates are still much slower than for Cl-2 plasma chemistries. The results suggest that CH4/H-2 plasmas are not well suited to electron cyclotron resonance systems operating at high powers. (C) 1996 American Vacuum Society. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1116/1.589037 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA TV710 UT WOS:A1996TV71000020 ER PT J AU Moore, JP Cao, YZ Leu, J Qin, LM Korber, B Ho, DD AF Moore, JP Cao, YZ Leu, J Qin, LM Korber, B Ho, DD TI Inter- and intraclade neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Genetic clades do not correspond to neutralization serotypes but partially correspond to gp120 antigenic serotypes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-1; GLYCOPROTEIN; SERA; ENV AB We have studied genetic variation among clades A through E of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the levels of antibody binding to gp120 molecules and virus neutralization, We are unable to identify neutralization serotypes that correspond to the genetic clades, Instead, we observe that inter- and intraclade neutralization of primary isolates by HIV-1-positive sera is generally weak and sporadic; some sera show a reasonable degree of neutralization breadth and potency whereas others are relatively sensitive to neutralization, but no consistent pattern was found. However, a few sera were able to neutralize across clades with significant potency, an observation which may have implications for the feasibility of a broadly effective HIV-1 vaccine involving humoral immunity, Serological assays measuring anti-gp120 antibody binding also failed to identify serotypes that correspond precisely to the genetic clades, but some indications of clade-specific binding were observed, notably with sera from clades B and E, A representative protein for each clade (A through E) was selected on the basis of its specificity, defined as high seroreactivity with sera from individuals infected with virus of that clade and lower reactivity with sera from individuals infected with viruses from other clades, The seroreactivity patterns against these five proteins could be used to predict the genotype of the infecting virus with moderate success. C1 NYU,SCH MED,AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI36082, N01 AI35168, R01 AI25541] NR 61 TC 216 Z9 219 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 70 IS 1 BP 427 EP 444 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA TJ650 UT WOS:A1996TJ65000053 PM 8523556 ER PT J AU Colwell, SV Kennamer, RA Brisbin, IL AF Colwell, SV Kennamer, RA Brisbin, IL TI Radiocesium patterns in wood duck eggs and nesting females in a contaminated reservoir SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aix sponsa; cesium-137; contamination; egg; radionuclide; South Carolina; waterfowl; wood duck ID RADIONUCLIDES AB Radionuclide releases from nuclear industry are an important ecological issue, particularly because these contaminants may directly affect animals and may be transferred to the hunting public through consumption. During 1991-92, we collected 13 clutches of wood duck (Air sponsa) eggs from nest boxes established in an abandoned reactor cooling reservoir. We examined whole-egg radiocesium (Cs-137) levels and apportionment within egg components (albumen, yolk, and shell). Whole-egg concentrations averaged 0.113 Becquerels (Bq)/g wet mass (SE = 0.01, n = 137) over 2 years. Albumen had the highest concentration of Cs-137 ((x) over bar = 1.096 Bq/g dry mass), followed by shell ((x) over bar = 0.132 Bq/g dry mass) and yolk ((x) over bar = 0.098 Bq/g dry mass). Levels of potassium (K), a chemical analog of Cs, suggested that contamination levels in yolk were disproportionally lower than those in albumen. Levels of Cs-137 that appeared in these components may reflect temporal differences in the synthesis of yolk and albumen. Laying order did not relate to whole-egg Cs-137 concentrations within clutches, but Cs-137 concentrations in post-laying females were positively related to mean egg Cs-137 levels in their respective clutches (r(2) = 0.97). While female ducks and their eggs examined in this study would not have posed a health hazard to persons consuming them as food, we suggest that Cs-137 levels in breeding female wood ducks and their clutches may be indicators of foraging habitat selection (both contaminated and uncontaminated) during the laying cycle. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 60 IS 1 BP 186 EP 194 DI 10.2307/3802054 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA TU165 UT WOS:A1996TU16500022 ER PT J AU Dimmel, DR Karim, MR Savidakis, MC Bozell, JJ AF Dimmel, DR Karim, MR Savidakis, MC Bozell, JJ TI Pulping catalysts from lignin .5. Nitrogen dioxide oxidation of lignin models to benzoquinones SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUINONES AB Several syringyl lignin models have been oxidized to 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) in high yields with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in methanol solvent. The yields of DMBQ were high for syringyl alcohol, syringaldehyde, and disyringyl methane and moderate for several other phenolic syringyl models. Benzoquinones were not formed from non phenolic substrates. The yields were slightly improved by the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide. Guaiacyl lignin model compounds gave low benzoquinone yields; the major products were C-5 nitro substituted compounds. A radical mechanism is proposed to explain the observed results. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Dimmel, DR (reprint author), INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL,500 10TH ST NW,ATLANTA,GA 30318, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.1080/02773819608545817 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UU169 UT WOS:A1996UU16900005 ER PT J AU Dimmel, DR Pan, XQ Kuroda, KI Bozell, JJ AF Dimmel, DR Pan, XQ Kuroda, KI Bozell, JJ TI Pulping catalysts from lignin .6. Nitrogen dioxide oxidation of 5-substituted guaiacyl compounds SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUINONES AB Bromination was investigated as a potential approach to improve the yield of benzoquinones from lignins by blocking the Cg-position of guaiacyl-type units. The 5-position is a reactive position, often leading to undesirable byproducts when guaiacyl units are oxidized to radical intermediates. The NO2 reaction of 5-bromovanillin in methanol in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimde (NHS) provided similar to 50% yield of 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ), together with similar to 4% yield of the expected product, 5-bromo-3-methoxy-p-benzoquinone (BMBQ). The NO2 reaction of 5-chlorovanillin gave a similar result, while 5-iodo- and 5-hydroxymethylvanillin provided poor yields of benzoquinones. The halovanillins gave no benzoquinones in the absence of NHS. A mechanism involving generation of phenolate radicals from NHS radicals can account for these results. During the oxidation, most of the 5-halo groups were converted to 5-methoxy groups by reaction with the solvent; experimental results suggested that the solvolysis occurred with the radical intermediates, before halobenzoquinone production. A high yield of DMBQ was obtained from a mixture of vanillin and syringaldehyde by treating first with bromine and then with NO2/NHS. This sequence could be a potential way for improving the yields of benzoquinones from lignins. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Dimmel, DR (reprint author), INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL,500 10TH ST NW,ATLANTA,GA 30318, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 191 EP 204 DI 10.1080/02773819608545818 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UU169 UT WOS:A1996UU16900006 ER PT J AU Dimmel, DR Pan, XQ Bozell, JJ AF Dimmel, DR Pan, XQ Bozell, JJ TI Pulping catalysts from lignin .7. Nitrogen dioxide oxidation of a lignin model dimer SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUINONES AB Oxidation of a lignin model disyringyl dimer with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the presence of air and N-hydroxysuccinimide led to C-1-C alpha cleavage with the formation of approximately equal amounts of 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and glyceraldehyde-2-syringyl ether type structures. The result indicates that only the phenolic end syringyl units of a lignin polymer will be converted to DMBQ upon treatment with the current NO2 reaction conditions. Internal (non-phenolic) lignin units, bonded by beta-O-4 linkages, will resist oxidation. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Dimmel, DR (reprint author), INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL,500 10TH ST NW,ATLANTA,GA 30318, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 2 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.1080/02773819608545819 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA UU169 UT WOS:A1996UU16900007 ER PT J AU Negri, C Hinchman, RR AF Negri, C Hinchman, RR TI Plants that remove contaminants from the environment SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The study of botany is important to the laboratory for several reasons. Every day, laboratorians perform assays of pharmaceuticals derived from plants and occasionally are consulted by emergency departments about tests for toxic plants. Laboratories also create hazardous wastes that nay plant technologies are able to clean up, as discussed in this article. Although several technologies are available for the cleanup of soil wastewater, and groundwater, they often are not adaptable for specific problems or are not cost-effective, Recent research has indicated that green plants can be a viable alternative. A new technology, called phytoremediation, uses green plants to dewater, remove inorganic contaminants such as heavy metals and radionuclides, and degrade organic contaminants as plants absorb nutrients with their roots. Evapo-transpiration is exploited to reduce the volume of aqueous waste. Free-living microorganisms of the rhizosphere that surrounds the root system participate in the degradation of man-made organic contaminants. This technology is important to the laboratory, which for years has contributed to pollution through the use of organic toxins, such as xylene, and heavy metals, such as mercury and chromium. This article explores recent developments in this field. This is the first in a four-part series on botany. Other articles focus on traditional and modern plant medicines, and poisonous plants. RP Negri, C (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY SYST,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA TM033 UT WOS:A1996TM03300018 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Taranenko, NI Zhu, YF Allman, SL AF Chen, CH Taranenko, NI Zhu, YF Allman, SL TI MALDI for fast DNA analysis and sequencing SO LABORATORY ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION; RESONANT 2-PHOTON IONIZATION; BEAM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS GENE; HIGH-SPEED; MATRIX; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PEPTIDES; PROTEINS; OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been pursued for fast DNA analysis and sequencing. In this article, recent progress on detecting large oligonucleotides is reviewed. The potential application of MALDI for population screening for disease diagnosis is discussed. The approach of using MALDI for DNA sequencing is presented. Discussion on the use of robotic and automation to speed up the mass spectrometer sequencing process is also included. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, POB 2008, BLDG 5500, MS-6378, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-7533 J9 LAB ROBOTICS AUTOMAT JI Lab. Robot. Autom. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 2 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Robotics GA UT154 UT WOS:A1996UT15400001 ER PT J AU Jaklevic, JM AF Jaklevic, JM TI Automation of high-throughput PCR assays SO LABORATORY ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GENOME; MAP AB Many approaches to high-throughput genomic mapping and sequencing rely on variations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. Principal among these are radiation hybrid mapping sequence-tagged sites (STS) content mapping, and transposon mapping. When applied on a genome-wide basis, the scope of the projects requires that the assays be automated to the greatest extent possible. In the following article, the application of various types of PCR-based assays will be presented together with brief descriptions of the various approaches to large-scale implementation. A detailed discussion of the approach to automation of PCR-based transposon mapping as used in our laboratory will then be presented. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Jaklevic, JM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENGN,HUMAN GENOME INSTRUMENTAT GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0895-7533 J9 LAB ROBOTICS AUTOMAT JI Lab. Robot. Autom. PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(1996)8:5<277::AID-LRA4>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Robotics GA VY367 UT WOS:A1996VY36700004 ER PT B AU Rosing, M AF Rosing, M BE Szymanski, BK Sinharoy, B TI User defined compiler support for constructing distributed arrays SO LANGUAGES, COMPILERS AND RUN-TIME SYSTEMS FOR SCALABLE COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Languages, Compilers and Run-Time Systems for Scalable Computers CY MAY, 1995 CL RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY SP Rensselaer Polytech Inst, IBM Corp HO RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 BN 0-7923-9635-9 PY 1996 BP 121 EP 136 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE54A UT WOS:A1996BE54A00010 ER PT B AU Foster, IT Kohr, DR Olson, R Tuecke, S Xu, MQ AF Foster, IT Kohr, DR Olson, R Tuecke, S Xu, MQ BE Szymanski, BK Sinharoy, B TI Point-to-point communication using migrating ports SO LANGUAGES, COMPILERS AND RUN-TIME SYSTEMS FOR SCALABLE COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Languages, Compilers and Run-Time Systems for Scalable Computers CY MAY, 1995 CL RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, TROY, NY SP Rensselaer Polytech Inst, IBM Corp HO RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 BN 0-7923-9635-9 PY 1996 BP 199 EP 212 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE54A UT WOS:A1996BE54A00015 ER PT J AU Phipps, CR Albrecht, G Friedman, H Gavel, D George, EV Murray, J Ho, C Priedhorsky, W Michaelis, MM Reilly, JP AF Phipps, CR Albrecht, G Friedman, H Gavel, D George, EV Murray, J Ho, C Priedhorsky, W Michaelis, MM Reilly, JP TI ORION: Clearing near-Earth space debris using a 20-kW, 530-nm, Earth-based, repetitively pulsed laser SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; FLOW AB When a large piece of space debris forced a change of flight plan for a recent U.S. Space Shuttle mission, the concept that we are trashing space as well as Earth finally attained broad public awareness. Almost a million pieces of debris have been generated by 35 years of spaceflight, and now threaten long-term space missions. The most economical solution to this problem is to cause space debris items to reenter and burn up in the atmosphere. For safe handling of large objects, it is desired to do this on a precomputed trajectory. Due to the number, speed, and spacial distribution of the objects, a highly agile source of mechanical impulse, as well as a quantum leap in detection capability are required. For reasons we will discuss, we believe that the best means of accomplishing these goals is the system we propose here, which uses a ground-based laser system and active beam phase error correcting beam director to provide the impulse, together with a new, computer-intensive, very high-resolution optical detection system to locate objects as small as 1 cm at 500-km range. Illumination of the objects by the repetitively pulsed laser produces a laser-ablation jet that gives the impulse to de-orbit the object. A laser of just 20-kW average power and state-of-the-art detection capabilities could clear near-Earth space below 100-km altitude of all space debris larger than 1 cm but less massive than 100 kg in about 4 years, and all debris in the threatening 1-20-cm size range in about 2 years of continuous operation. The ORION laser would be sited near the Equator at a high altitude location (e.g., the Uhuru site on Kilimanjaro), minimizing turbulence correction, conversion by stimulated Raman scattering, and absorption of the 530-nm wavelength laser beam. ORION is a special case of Laser Impulse Space Propulsion (LISP), studied extensively by Los Alamos and others over the past 4 years. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ADV OPT SYST DEV GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ADV APPLICAT GRP,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ASTROPHYS & RADIAT MEASUREMENTS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV NATAL,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,DURBAN 4001,SOUTH AFRICA. NE SCI & TECHNOL INC,E SANDWICH,MA 02537. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 46 TC 66 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PY 1996 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 44 PG 44 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA UJ885 UT WOS:A1996UJ88500001 ER PT J AU Bailey, JE Filuk, AB Carlson, AL Johnson, DJ Lake, P McGuire, EJ Mehlhorn, TA Pointon, TD Renk, TJ Stygar, WA Maron, Y Stambulchik, E AF Bailey, JE Filuk, AB Carlson, AL Johnson, DJ Lake, P McGuire, EJ Mehlhorn, TA Pointon, TD Renk, TJ Stygar, WA Maron, Y Stambulchik, E TI Basic and applied atomic spectroscopy in high-field ion diode acceleration gaps SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Atomic Physics for Ion-Driven Fusion CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Polytech Univ Madrid, Inst Nucl Fus ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; BEAM DIVERGENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PBFA-II AB Achieving inertial confinement fusion using a light-ion-beam driver requires continued improvement in understanding ion diode physics. The power delivered to a light-ion beam target is strongly influenced by the evolution of the charge-particle distributions across the ion beam acceleration gap. Our strategy is to determine this evolution from time- and space-resolved measurements of the electric field using Stark-shifted line emission. In addition to diode physics, the unique high-field (similar to 10 MV/cm, similar to 6T) conditions in present experiments offer the possibility to advance basic atomic physics, for example by measuring field ionization rates for tightly bound low-principal-quantum-number levels. In fact, extension of atomic physics into the high-field regime is required for accurate interpretation of diode physics measurements. This paper describes progress in ion diode physics and basic atomic physics, obtained with visible-light atomic spectroscopy measurements in the similar to 20 TW Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II ion diode. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RP Bailey, JE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Stambulchik, Evgeny/K-1816-2012 OI Stambulchik, Evgeny/0000-0002-7100-8793 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PY 1996 VL 14 IS 4 BP 543 EP 553 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WF030 UT WOS:A1996WF03000004 ER PT J AU Hooper, CF Haynes, DA Garber, DT Mancini, RC Lee, YT Bradley, DK Delettrez, J Epstein, R Jaanimagi, PA AF Hooper, CF Haynes, DA Garber, DT Mancini, RC Lee, YT Bradley, DK Delettrez, J Epstein, R Jaanimagi, PA TI Spectroscopic analysis of hot dense plasmas: A focus on ion dynamics SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Atomic Physics for Ion-Driven Fusion CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Polytech Univ Madrid, Inst Nucl Fus ID LINE-PROFILES; MULTIELECTRON AB A brief discussion of the standard theory of line broadening is presented together with an analysis of selected laser-driven implosion experiments. The effect of improved theoretical procedures on experimental analysis is discussed. Tn particular, we consider the combined effects of ion dynamics and opacity on line profiles used in the analysis of these plasmas. The experiments discussed were performed at the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). The results presented in this paper illustrate the usefulness of plasma line broadening in diagnosing hot dense plasmas and in understanding fundamental plasma processes. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT PHYS,RENO,NV 89557. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV ROCHESTER,LASER ENERGET LAB,ROCHESTER,NY 14623. RP Hooper, CF (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PY 1996 VL 14 IS 4 BP 713 EP 730 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA WF030 UT WOS:A1996WF03000020 ER PT B AU Combs, R Pocha, M Strand, T AF Combs, R Pocha, M Strand, T BE Chen, PC Milster, TD TI Silicon microbench heater elements for packaging opto-electronic devices SO LASER DIODE CHIP AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Diode Chip and Packaging Technology CY OCT 25-26, 1995 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE silicon microbench; silicon heaters; poly-silicon; packaging; pigtailing; semiconductor optical amplifier C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1974-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2610 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.230085 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BE96M UT WOS:A1996BE96M00024 ER PT B AU Shimada, T Kurnit, NA SheikBahae, M AF Shimada, T Kurnit, NA SheikBahae, M BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Measurement of nonlinear index by a relay-imaged top-hat Z-scan technique SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE nonlinear refractive index; self-focusing; Z-scan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.240425 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00006 ER PT B AU Runkel, M Woods, B Yan, M DeYoreo, J Kozlowski, M AF Runkel, M Woods, B Yan, M DeYoreo, J Kozlowski, M BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Analysis of high resolution scatter images from laser damage experiments performed on KDP SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1117/12.240397 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00019 ER PT B AU Frank, AM Gillespie, CH AF Frank, AM Gillespie, CH BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Laser damage thresholds in fused silica structured light gratings SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1117/12.240388 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00028 ER PT B AU Stolz, CJ Genin, FY Kozlowski, MR Long, D Lalazari, R Wu, ZL Kuo, PK AF Stolz, CJ Genin, FY Kozlowski, MR Long, D Lalazari, R Wu, ZL Kuo, PK BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Influence of microstructure on laser damage threshold of IBS coatings SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE ion beam sputtering; laser damage threshold; coating microstructure; thermal diffusivity C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1117/12.240403 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00035 ER PT B AU Stolz, CJ Tench, RJ Kozlowski, MR Fornier, A AF Stolz, CJ Tench, RJ Kozlowski, MR Fornier, A BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI A comparison of nodular defect seed geometries from different deposition techniques SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE nodule; laser damage; focused ion-beam cross section; e-beam deposition; magnetron sputtering deposition; ion-beam sputtering deposition C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.240402 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00038 ER PT B AU Britten, JA Perry, MD Shore, BW Boyd, RD Loomis, GE Chow, R AF Britten, JA Perry, MD Shore, BW Boyd, RD Loomis, GE Chow, R BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI High-efficiency, dielectric multilayer gratings optimized for manufacturability and laser damage threshold SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE diffraction gratings; multilayers; laser damage; pulse compression; ultrashort pulse lasers C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.1117/12.240380 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00050 ER PT B AU Walton, CC Genin, FY Chow, R Kozlowski, MR Loomis, GE Pierce, E AF Walton, CC Genin, FY Chow, R Kozlowski, MR Loomis, GE Pierce, E BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Effect of silica overlayers on laser damage of HfO2-SiO2 56 degrees incidence high reflectors SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 550 EP 559 DI 10.1117/12.240406 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00053 ER PT B AU Chow, R Loomis, GE Bibeau, C Molau, NE Kanz, VK Beach, RJ AF Chow, R Loomis, GE Bibeau, C Molau, NE Kanz, VK Beach, RJ BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Optical tuning a dichroic multilayer for a high fluence laser application SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE dichroic; e-beam evaporation; hafnium dioxide; laser damage; optical design C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 560 EP 568 DI 10.1117/12.240414 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00054 ER PT B AU Ferris, KF Exarhos, GJ Risser, SM AF Ferris, KF Exarhos, GJ Risser, SM BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Inclusion and overlayer effects on the electric fields in dielectric films SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE local fields; microstructural effects; alignment effects; dielectric constant C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,MAT & CHEM SCI CTR,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 606 EP 615 DI 10.1117/12.240385 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00059 ER PT B AU Stuart, BC Feit, MD Herman, S Rubenchik, AM Shore, BW Ferry, MD AF Stuart, BC Feit, MD Herman, S Rubenchik, AM Shore, BW Ferry, MD BE Bennett, HE Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Newnam, BE Soileau, MJ TI Ultrashort-pulse optical damage SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1995: 27TH ANNUAL BOULDER DAMAGE SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1995 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Bennett Opt Res Inc, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIST, Sandia Natl Labs, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE short-pulse; laser-induced damage; dielectric breakdown; multiphoton ionization; diffraction gratings C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2089-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2714 BP 616 EP 629 DI 10.1117/12.240404 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF96Q UT WOS:A1996BF96Q00060 ER PT S AU Sluyter, MM AF Sluyter, MM BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Progress in the US ICF Program SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 US DOE,OFF RES & INERTIAL FUS DP11,GERMANTOWN,MD 20874. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 21 EP 29 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00002 ER PT S AU Cray, M Campbell, EM AF Cray, M Campbell, EM BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Path to ignition: US indirect target physics SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 53 EP 60 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00005 ER PT S AU Lerche, RA Cable, MD Hatchett, SP Caird, JA Kilkenny, JD Kornblum, HN Lane, SM Laumann, C Murphy, TJ Murray, J Nelson, MB Phillion, DW Powell, H Ress, D AF Lerche, RA Cable, MD Hatchett, SP Caird, JA Kilkenny, JD Kornblum, HN Lane, SM Laumann, C Murphy, TJ Murray, J Nelson, MB Phillion, DW Powell, H Ress, D BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI High convergence, indirect drive inertial confinement fusion experiments at nova SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 89 EP 94 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00009 ER PT S AU Delamater, ND Murphy, TJ Hauer, AA Kauffman, RL Richard, AL Lindman, EL Magelssen, GR Wilde, BH Powers, LV Pollaine, SM Suter, LJ Chrien, R Harris, DB Nelson, MB Cable, MD Moore, JB Gifford, K Wallace, RJ AF Delamater, ND Murphy, TJ Hauer, AA Kauffman, RL Richard, AL Lindman, EL Magelssen, GR Wilde, BH Powers, LV Pollaine, SM Suter, LJ Chrien, R Harris, DB Nelson, MB Cable, MD Moore, JB Gifford, K Wallace, RJ BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Symmetry experiments in gas filled hohlraums at NOVA SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 95 EP 100 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00010 ER PT S AU Orzechowski, TJ Kauffman, RL Kirkwood, RK Kornblum, HN Levedahl, WK Montgomery, DS Powers, LV Shepard, TD Stone, GF Suter, LJ Wallace, RJ Foster, JM Rosen, P AF Orzechowski, TJ Kauffman, RL Kirkwood, RK Kornblum, HN Levedahl, WK Montgomery, DS Powers, LV Shepard, TD Stone, GF Suter, LJ Wallace, RJ Foster, JM Rosen, P BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Dynamics of gas-filled hohlraums SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 125 EP 130 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00015 ER PT S AU Pollak, G Delamater, N Landen, N Hammel, B Keane, C AF Pollak, G Delamater, N Landen, N Hammel, B Keane, C BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Preliminary analysis of core capsule X-ray spectroscopy and image results for medium-to-high growth factor implosions SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 149 EP 154 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00019 ER PT S AU Remington, BA Marinak, MM Weber, SV Budil, KS Landen, OL Haan, SW Kilkenny, JD Wallace, RJ AF Remington, BA Marinak, MM Weber, SV Budil, KS Landen, OL Haan, SW Kilkenny, JD Wallace, RJ BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI 2D and 3D ablation front hydrodynamic instability experiments on Nova SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 155 EP 159 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00020 ER PT S AU Beck, JB Hsing, WH Hoffman, NM Choi, CK AF Beck, JB Hsing, WH Hoffman, NM Choi, CK BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Experimental analyses of Rayleigh-Taylor growth in cylindrical implosions SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 160 EP 165 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00021 ER PT S AU Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Varnum, WS Krauser, WJ Wilde, BH AF Hoffman, NM Wilson, DC Varnum, WS Krauser, WJ Wilde, BH BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Multimode hydrodynamic stability calculations for national ignition facility capsules SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV APPL THEORET & COMPUTAT PHYS,THERMONUCL APPLICAT GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 166 EP 171 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00022 ER PT S AU Krauser, WJ Wilde, BH Wilson, DC Bradley, P Swenson, F AF Krauser, WJ Wilde, BH Wilson, DC Bradley, P Swenson, F BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Integrated ignition calculations for indirectly driven targets SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 186 EP 193 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00025 ER PT S AU Tobin, M Anderson, A Latkowski, J Singh, M Marshall, C Bernat, T AF Tobin, M Anderson, A Latkowski, J Singh, M Marshall, C Bernat, T BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Physics issues related to the confinement of ICF experiments in the US National Ignition Facility SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 200 EP 206 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00027 ER PT S AU Wilde, BH Fernandez, JC Hsing, WW Cobble, JA Delamater, ND Failor, BH Krauser, WJ Lindman, EL AF Wilde, BH Fernandez, JC Hsing, WW Cobble, JA Delamater, ND Failor, BH Krauser, WJ Lindman, EL BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI The design and characterization of toroidal-shaped NOVA hohlraums that simulate National Ignition Facility plasma conditions for plasma instability experiments SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 255 EP 262 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00036 ER PT S AU Lindman, EL Delamater, ND Hauer, AA Kaufman, RL Magelssen, GR Murphy, TJ Pollaine, SM Powers, LV Suter, LJ Wilde, BH AF Lindman, EL Delamater, ND Hauer, AA Kaufman, RL Magelssen, GR Murphy, TJ Pollaine, SM Powers, LV Suter, LJ Wilde, BH BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Modeling of drive-symmetry experiments in gas-filled hohlraums at Nova SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 263 EP 268 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00037 ER PT S AU Logan, BG AF Logan, BG BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Relevance of the US National Ignition Facility for driver and target options to next-step inertial fusion test facilities SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 269 EP 276 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00038 ER PT S AU Cobble, JA Evans, SC Fernandez, JC Oertel, JA Watt, RG Wilde, BH AF Cobble, JA Evans, SC Fernandez, JC Oertel, JA Watt, RG Wilde, BH BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI SDOSS: A spatially discriminating, optical streaked spectrograph SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 380 EP 385 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00055 ER PT S AU LaGattuta, KJ AF LaGattuta, KJ BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Self-consistent continuum lowering model SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 416 EP 421 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00061 ER PT S AU Lerche, RA Cable, MD Dendooven, PG AF Lerche, RA Cable, MD Dendooven, PG BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI ICF burn-history measurements using 17-MeV fusion gamma rays SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 527 EP 532 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00078 ER PT S AU Wilks, SC Kruer, WL Young, PE Hammer, J Tabak, M AF Wilks, SC Kruer, WL Young, PE Hammer, J Tabak, M BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Ultra-intense, short pulse laser-plasma interactions with applications to the fast ignitor SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,X DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 590 EP 596 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00087 ER PT S AU Mizuno, K Young, PE Estabrook, K AF Mizuno, K Young, PE Estabrook, K BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Anomalous attenuation of laser light due to ion acoustic decay instability (IADI) in large scale plasma relevant to laser fusion SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 615 EP 620 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00091 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Young, BKF Hankla, AK Conder, AD White, WE Stewart, RE AF Dunn, J Young, BKF Hankla, AK Conder, AD White, WE Stewart, RE BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Study of supra-thermal electrons and K-alpha X-rays from high intensity 500 fs laser-produced plasmas SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 652 EP 659 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00097 ER PT S AU Libby, SB DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW Cauble, R Celliers, P London, RA Matthews, DL Mrowka, S Moreno, JC Ress, D Trebes, JE Wan, AS Weber, F AF Libby, SB DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW Cauble, R Celliers, P London, RA Matthews, DL Mrowka, S Moreno, JC Ress, D Trebes, JE Wan, AS Weber, F BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI The X-ray laser as a tool for imaging plasmas SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 737 EP 742 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00110 ER PT S AU Wan, AS Mayle, RW Kato, Y Osterheld, AL AF Wan, AS Mayle, RW Kato, Y Osterheld, AL BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Impact of three-dimensional nonuniformity on the germanium x-ray laser output SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 778 EP 783 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00117 ER PT S AU Leeper, RJ Bailey, JE Barber, TL Carlson, AL Chandler, GA Cook, DL Derzon, MS Dukart, RJ Hebron, DE Johnson, DJ Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA Moats, AR Nash, TJ Noack, DD Olsen, RW Olson, RE Porter, JL Quintenz, JP Ruiz, CL Stark, MA Torres, JA Wenger, DF AF Leeper, RJ Bailey, JE Barber, TL Carlson, AL Chandler, GA Cook, DL Derzon, MS Dukart, RJ Hebron, DE Johnson, DJ Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA Moats, AR Nash, TJ Noack, DD Olsen, RW Olson, RE Porter, JL Quintenz, JP Ruiz, CL Stark, MA Torres, JA Wenger, DF BE Nakai, S Miley, GH TI Light ion hohlraum target experiments on PBFA II and Nova SO LASER INTERACTION AND RELATED PLASMA PHENOMENA SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP 50th Anniversary Fund Osaka Univ, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Inertial Confinement Fusion Forum, Int Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Iwatani Naoji Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Amer Nucl Soc, Stom Energy Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Laser Soc Japan C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-445-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 369 BP 1042 EP 1047 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BF97V UT WOS:A1996BF97V00158 ER PT B AU Sackos, J Bradley, B Nellums, B Diegert, C AF Sackos, J Bradley, B Nellums, B Diegert, C BE Kamerman, GW TI The emerging versatility of a scannerless range imager SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications CY APR 10-11, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE range imaging; laser radar; LADAR; remote sensing; metrology; 3D geometry sensing C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,EXPLORATORY SYST DEV CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2129-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2748 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.243570 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG28C UT WOS:A1996BG28C00004 ER PT B AU Moore, DS White, SW Karl, RR Newnam, BE AF Moore, DS White, SW Karl, RR Newnam, BE BE Kamerman, GW TI Directional wind-measurement derived from elastic backscatter lidar data in real-time SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications CY APR 10-11, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2129-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2748 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1117/12.243559 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG28C UT WOS:A1996BG28C00024 ER PT B AU DaSilva, LB Stuart, BC Celliers, PM Chang, TD Feit, MD Glinsky, ME Heredia, NJ Herman, S Lane, SM London, RA Matthews, DL Neev, J Perry, MD Rubenchik, AM AF DaSilva, LB Stuart, BC Celliers, PM Chang, TD Feit, MD Glinsky, ME Heredia, NJ Herman, S Lane, SM London, RA Matthews, DL Neev, J Perry, MD Rubenchik, AM BE Jacques, SL Katzir, A TI Comparison of soft and hard tissue ablation with sub-ps and ns pulse lasers SO LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION VII, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Tissue Interaction VII CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser ablation; ultrashort pulse; dentistry; plasma ablation; collateral damage C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2055-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2681 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1117/12.239573 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF67R UT WOS:A1996BF67R00024 ER PT B AU London, RA Bailey, DS Young, DA Alley, WE Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Neev, J AF London, RA Bailey, DS Young, DA Alley, WE Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Neev, J BE Jacques, SL Katzir, A TI Computational modeling ultra-short-pulse ablation of enamel SO LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION VII, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser-Tissue Interaction VII CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser-tissue ablation; laser-tissue modeling; ultra-short-pulse lasers; dental ablation C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2055-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2681 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1117/12.239580 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF67R UT WOS:A1996BF67R00030 ER PT B AU Rubenchik, AM daSilva, LB Feit, MD Lane, S London, R Perry, MD Stuart, BC Neev, J AF Rubenchik, AM daSilva, LB Feit, MD Lane, S London, R Perry, MD Stuart, BC Neev, J BE Wigdor, HA Featherstone, JDB White, JM Neev, J Katzir, A TI Dental tissue processing with ultra-short pulse laser SO LASERS IN DENTISTRY II, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Dentistry II CY JAN 28-29, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineer C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2046-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2672 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.238771 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Engineering; Optics GA BF46W UT WOS:A1996BF46W00029 ER PT B AU London, RA Bailey, DS Young, DA Alley, WE Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Neev, J AF London, RA Bailey, DS Young, DA Alley, WE Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Neev, J BE Wigdor, HA Featherstone, JDB White, JM Neev, J Katzir, A TI Hydrodynamic model for ultra-short pulse ablation of hard dental tissue SO LASERS IN DENTISTRY II, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Dentistry II CY JAN 28-29, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineer DE laser-tissue ablation; laser-tissue modeling; ultra-short-pulse lasers; dental ablation C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2046-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2672 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.238772 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Engineering; Optics GA BF46W UT WOS:A1996BF46W00030 ER PT B AU Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Shore, BW AF Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Shore, BW BE Wigdor, HA Featherstone, JDB White, JM Neev, J Katzir, A TI Unique aspects of laser energy deposition in the fs pulse regime SO LASERS IN DENTISTRY II, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Dentistry II CY JAN 28-29, 1995 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineer DE ultrashort; tissue ablation; energy deposition C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2046-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2672 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.238773 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Engineering; Optics GA BF46W UT WOS:A1996BF46W00031 ER PT B AU Celliers, P DaSilva, LB Heredia, NJ Mammini, BM London, RA Strauss, M AF Celliers, P DaSilva, LB Heredia, NJ Mammini, BM London, RA Strauss, M BE Anderson, RR Katzir, A TI Dynamics of laser-induced transients produced by nanosecond duration pulses SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS VI, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VI CY JAN 27-30, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE stress waves; cavitation; interferometry; vapor bubbles C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2045-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2671 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.240012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Optics; Surgery GA BF76F UT WOS:A1996BF76F00003 ER PT B AU Chapyak, EJ Godwin, RP AF Chapyak, EJ Godwin, RP BE Anderson, RR Katzir, A TI Numerical studies of bubble dynamics in laser thrombolysis SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS VI, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VI CY JAN 27-30, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser thrombolysis; bubble dynamics; numerical methods; hydrodynamics; acoustic radiation C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,APPL THEORET & COMPUTAT PHYS DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2045-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2671 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.239992 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Optics; Surgery GA BF76F UT WOS:A1996BF76F00012 ER PT B AU Maitland, DJ Eder, DC London, RA Glinsky, ME Soltz, BA AF Maitland, DJ Eder, DC London, RA Glinsky, ME Soltz, BA BE Anderson, RR Katzir, A TI Dynamic simulations of tissue welding SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS VI, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VI CY JAN 27-30, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2045-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2671 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.240013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Optics; Surgery GA BF76F UT WOS:A1996BF76F00029 ER PT B AU Small, W Heredia, NJ Celliers, PM DaSilva, LB Eder, DC Glinsky, ME London, RA Maitland, DJ Matthews, DL Soltz, BA AF Small, W Heredia, NJ Celliers, PM DaSilva, LB Eder, DC Glinsky, ME London, RA Maitland, DJ Matthews, DL Soltz, BA BE Anderson, RR Katzir, A TI Laser tissue welding mediated with a protein solder SO LASERS IN SURGERY: ADVANCED CHARACTERIZATION, THERAPEUTICS, AND SYSTEMS VI, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers in Surgery - Advanced Characterization, Therapeutics, and Systems VI CY JAN 27-30, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE tissue welding; tissue fusion; protein solder; diode laser; surface temperature C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2045-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2671 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1117/12.240016 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Surgery SC Engineering; Optics; Surgery GA BF76F UT WOS:A1996BF76F00032 ER PT S AU Noyes, HP AF Noyes, HP BE Weingartner, P Schurz, G TI Decoherence, determinism and chaos revisited SO LAW AND PREDICTION IN THE LIGHT OF CHAOS RESEARCH SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Law and Prediction in Natural Science in the Light of Our New Knowledge from Chaos Research CY JUL, 1994 CL INST WISSENSCHAFTSTHEOR INT F0RSCHUNGSZENTRUM, SALZBURG, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, Vienna, Int Forschungszentrum, Salzburg HO INST WISSENSCHAFTSTHEOR INT F0RSCHUNGSZENTRUM AB We suggest that the derivation of the free space Maxwell Equations for classical electromagnetism, using a discrete ordered calculus developed by L.H.Kauffman and T.Etter, necessarily pushes the discussion of determinism in natural science down to the level of relativistic quantum mechanics and hence renders the mathematical phenomena studied in deterministic chaos research irrelevant to the question of whether the world investigated by physics is deterministic. We believe that this argument reinforces Suppes' contention that the issue of determinism versus indeterminism should be viewed as a Kantian antinomy incapable of investigation using currently available scientific tools. RP Noyes, HP (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-61584-9 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 1996 VL 473 BP 152 EP 175 DI 10.1007/BFb0101876 PG 24 WC Psychology SC Psychology GA BH98V UT WOS:A1996BH98V00013 ER PT S AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB BE Lewandowski, JJ Ward, CH Jackson, MR Hunt, WH TI An analysis of ductile brittle fracture transition in layered composites SO LAYERED MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Layered Materials for Structural Applications CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-337-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 434 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG61V UT WOS:A1996BG61V00022 ER PT S AU Wang, XL Rabin, BH Williamson, RL Bruck, HA Watkins, TR AF Wang, XL Rabin, BH Williamson, RL Bruck, HA Watkins, TR BE Lewandowski, JJ Ward, CH Jackson, MR Hunt, WH TI Residual stress distribution in an Al2O3-Ni joint bonded with a composite layer SO LAYERED MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Layered Materials for Structural Applications CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-337-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 434 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG61V UT WOS:A1996BG61V00023 ER PT S AU Lesuer, DR Wadsworth, J Riddle, RA Syn, CK Lewandowski, JJ Hunt, WH AF Lesuer, DR Wadsworth, J Riddle, RA Syn, CK Lewandowski, JJ Hunt, WH BE Lewandowski, JJ Ward, CH Jackson, MR Hunt, WH TI Toughening mechanisms in Al/Al-SiC laminated metal composites SO LAYERED MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Layered Materials for Structural Applications CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-337-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 434 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG61V UT WOS:A1996BG61V00027 ER PT S AU Alman, DE AF Alman, DE BE Lewandowski, JJ Ward, CH Jackson, MR Hunt, WH TI Fabrication, structure and properties of aluminum-aluminide layered composites SO LAYERED MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Layered Materials for Structural Applications CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res C1 US DOE,ALBANY RES CTR,ALBANY,OR 97321. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-337-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 434 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG61V UT WOS:A1996BG61V00033 ER PT S AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB BE Lewandowski, JJ Ward, CH Jackson, MR Hunt, WH TI Time dependent stress fields ahead of the interface cracks in creep regime SO LAYERED MATERIALS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Layered Materials for Structural Applications CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, USA, Off Sci Res, USN, Off Naval Res C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-337-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 434 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG61V UT WOS:A1996BG61V00034 ER PT B AU Neal, DR Alford, WJ Gruetzner, JK Warren, ME AF Neal, DR Alford, WJ Gruetzner, JK Warren, ME BE Morin, M Giesen, A TI Amplitude and phase beam characterization using a two-dimensional wavefront sensor SO LBOC - THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Natl Opt Inst, Canadian Assoc Physicists, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Laser Inst Amer, Lasers & Electr Opt Manufacturers Assoc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE wavefront sensor; microlens arrays; diffractive optics; binary optics; laser beam characterization; M(2); Shack-Hartmann sensor; laser beam diagnostics; beam quality AB We have developed a two-dimensional Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor that uses binary optic lenslet arrays to directly measure the wavefront slope (phase gradient) and amplitude of the laser beam. This sensor uses an array of lenslets that dissects the beam into a number of samples. The focal spot location of each of these lenslets (measured by a CCD camera) is related to the incoming wavefront slope over the lenslet. By integrating these measurements over the laser aperture, the wavefront or phase distribution can be determined. Since the power focused by each lenslet is also easily determined, this allows a complete measurement of the intensity and phase distribution of the laser beam. Furthermore, all the information is obtained in a single measurement. Knowing the complete scalar field of the beam allows the detailed prediction of the actual beam's characteristics along its propagation path. In particular, the space-beamwidth product, M(2), can be obtained in a single measurement. The intensity and phase information can be used in concert with information about other elements in the optical train to predict the beam size, shape, phase and other characteristics anywhere in the optical train. We present preliminary measurements of an Ar+ laser beam and associated M(2) calculations. RP Neal, DR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ORG 1128,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2267-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2870 BP 72 EP 82 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG93X UT WOS:A1996BG93X00008 ER PT B AU Genin, FY Stolz, CJ AF Genin, FY Stolz, CJ BE Morin, M Giesen, A TI Morphologies of laser-induced damage in hafnia-silica multilayer mirror and polarizer coatings SO LBOC - THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Natl Opt Inst, Canadian Assoc Physicists, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Laser Inst Amer, Lasers & Electr Opt Manufacturers Assoc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser damage; morphology; HfO2; SiO2; multilayer; 1064 nm; mirror; polarizer AB Hafnia-silica multilayer mirrors and polarizers were deposited by e-beam evaporation onto BK7 glass substrates. The mirrors and polarizers were coated for operation at a wavelength of 1053 nm at 45 degrees and at Brewster's angle (56 degrees), respectively. They were tested with a single 3-ns laser pulse. The morphology of the laser-induced damage was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Four distinct damage morphologies were found: pits, flat bottom pits; scalds, and delaminates. The pits and flat bottom pits (< 30 mu m in diameter) were detected at lower fluences (as low as 5 J/cm(2)). The pits seemed to result from ejection of nodular defects by causing local enhancement of the electric field, Scalds and delaminates could be observed at higher fluences (above 13 J/cm(2)) and seemed to result from the formation of plasmas on the surface. These damage types often originated at pits and were typically less than 300 mu m in diameter; their size increased almost linearly with fluence. Finally, the effects of the damage on the characteristics of the beam (reflectivity degradation and phase modulations) were measured. RP Genin, FY (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LASER MAT DEPT,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2267-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2870 BP 439 EP 448 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG93X UT WOS:A1996BG93X00050 ER PT B AU Mui, PH Srajer, G Mills, D AF Mui, PH Srajer, G Mills, D BE Morin, M Giesen, A TI In-situ monitoring of surface deformation in high heat load synchrotron optics SO LBOC - THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Natl Opt Inst, Canadian Assoc Physicists, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Laser Inst Amer, Lasers & Electr Opt Manufacturers Assoc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers RP Mui, PH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,XFD,APS,431-A005,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2267-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2870 BP 538 EP 538 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG93X UT WOS:A1996BG93X00061 ER PT B AU Wolfe, CR Downie, JD Lawson, JK AF Wolfe, CR Downie, JD Lawson, JK BE Morin, M Giesen, A TI Measuring the spatial frequency transfer function of phase-measuring interferometers for laser optics SO LBOC - THIRD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LASER BEAM AND OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Laser Beam and Optics Characterization CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Natl Opt Inst, Canadian Assoc Physicists, IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, Laser Inst Amer, Lasers & Electr Opt Manufacturers Assoc, Opt Soc Amer, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE mid-spatial scale length (frequency); power spectral density; interferometer transfer function; Fourier analysis AB The power spectral density function (PSD) is being employed to specify the surface finish and transmitted wavefront in the mid-spatial frequency regime for laser beam optics of the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The instrument used to measure the PSD is a phase measuring Fizeau interferometer. The phase map produced by the interferometer is digitally processed to create the PSD. Before one can use the PSD information, it is necessary to evaluate the fidelity of the interferometer spatial frequency response. Specifically, one must measure the overall transfer function of the instrument. To accomplish this, we perform a two-step ''calibration'' process. We first measure a known precision phase object with the interferometer and then compare the measured PSD to an ideal numerical simulation which represents the theoretical PSD. The square root of the ratio of the measured function to the simulation is defined as the transfer function of the instrument. We present experimental results for both reflective and transmissive test objects, including effects such as the test object orientation and longitudinal location in the interferometer cavity. We also evaluate the accuracy levels obtained using different test objects. RP Wolfe, CR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-493,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2267-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2870 BP 553 EP 557 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG93X UT WOS:A1996BG93X00064 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Lise Meitner: A life in physics - Sime,RL SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review RP Burton, H (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 121 IS 1 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA TT762 UT WOS:A1996TT76200296 ER PT B AU Bass, BR Bryson, JW Dickson, TL McAfee, WJ Pennell, WE AF Bass, BR Bryson, JW Dickson, TL McAfee, WJ Pennell, WE BE Edwards, JH Flewitt, PEJ Gasper, BC McLarty, KA Stanley, P Tomkins, B TI Development of a shallow-flaw fracture assessment methodology for nuclear reactor pressure vessels SO LIFE ASSESSMENT AND LIFE EXTENSION OF ENGINEERING PLANT, STRUCTURES AND COMPONENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Engineering Structural Integrity Assessment CY SEP 24-26, 1996 CL CHYRCHILL COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Dynam Testing Agency, AEA Technol plc, DARTEC, MAGNOX ELECT, Rolls Royce Nuclear Engn, Somat Syst, ERA Technol, British Inst Non Destructive Testing, Joint British Comm Stress Anal, Engn Integrity Soc, Soc Environm Engineers, Inst Mech Engineers, Mech Reliability Comm HO CHYRCHILL COLL AB Shallow-flaw fracture technology is being developed within the Heavy-Section Steel Technology (HSST) Program for application to the safety assessment of radiation-embrittled nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) containing postulated shallow flaws. Cleavage fracture in shallow-flaw cruciform beam specimens tested under biaxial loading at temperatures in the lower transition temperature range was shown to be strain-controlled. A strain-based dual-parameter fracture toughness correlation was developed and shown to tx capable of predicting the effect of crack-tip constraint on fracture toughness for strain-controlled fracture. ii probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) model that includes both the properties of the inner-surface stainless-steel cladding and a biaxial shallow-flaw fracture toughness correlation gave a reduction in probability of cleavage initiation of more than two orders of magnitude from an ASME-based reference case. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bass, BR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 0-947817-89-1 PY 1996 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BP34J UT WOS:000084757900020 ER PT S AU Yang, TC Mei, M George, KA Craise, LM AF Yang, TC Mei, M George, KA Craise, LM BE Brack, A Horneck, G Friedmann, EI Meyer, MA Reitz, G Banin, A TI Oncogenic and mutagenic effects of UV in mammalian cells SO LIFE SCIENCES: SPACE AND MARS RECENT RESULTS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 1/F3 4/F2 4/F3 8 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific-Commission-F on Life Sciences - Space and Mars Recent Results, at the 30th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR Sci Commiss F ID PYRIMIDINE DIMER FORMATION; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ACTION SPECTRA; SKIN-CANCER; TRANSFORMATION; INVITRO; IRRADIATION; INDUCTION; LIGHT AB Ultraviolet light is present in the solar system and can cause major biological effects. The potential cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects of UV have been studied at cellular and molecular level, Using cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts (C3H10T1/2), we investigated the induction of mutation and transformation by UV and/or X-rays. Studies were also done with normal human mammary epithelial cells for cell inactivation and mutation induction. Curvlinear dose-response curves were observed for mutation and oncogenic transformation. The interaction between UV and X-rays depends on the sequence of exposure. When UV was given following X-irradiation, there was an additive effect. When UV was given prior to X-irradiation, however, there was a synergistic effect for both cell inactivation and transformation. The basic lesion(s) important for somatic mutation and transformation remains to be determined, and the fundamental mechanism(s) of UV and ionizing radiation interaction remains to be elucidated. Copyright (C) 1996. C1 S CHINA AGR UNIV,EXPT CTR,GUANGZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. KRUG LIFE SCI,HOUSTON,TX. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,DIV MED SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043082-1 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 12 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00023-3 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG71B UT WOS:A1996BG71B00002 ER PT B AU Kvam, PH AF Kvam, PH BE Jewell, NP Kimber, AC Lee, MLT Whitmore, GA TI Maximum likelihood estimation and the multivariate bernoulli distribution: An application to reliability SO LIFETIME DATA: MODELS IN RELIABILITY AND SURVIVAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Research Conference on Lifetime Data Models in Reliability and Survival Analysis CY JUN 15-17, 1994 CL HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Boston Chapter, Harvard Univ, Stat Dept, Channing Lab, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Kluwer Acad Publ, Pfizer Inc HO HARVARD UNIV AB We investigate systems designed using redundant component configurations. If external events exist in the working environment that cause two or more components in the system to fail within the same demand period, the designed redundancy in the system can be quickly nullified. In the engineering field, such events are called common cause failures (CCFs), and are primary factors in some risk assessments. If CCFs have positive probability, but are not addressed in the analysis, the assessment may contain a gross over-estimation of the system reliability. We apply a discrete, multivariate shock model for a parallel system of two or more components, allowing for positive probability that such external events can occur. The methods derived are motivated by attribute data for emergency diesel generators from various U. S. nuclear power plants. Closed form solutions for maximum likelihood estimators exist in some cases; statistical tests and confidence intervals are discussed for the different test environments considered. RP Kvam, PH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3783-2 PY 1996 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BH17J UT WOS:A1996BH17J00025 ER PT B AU Park, JH Kassner, TF AF Park, JH Kassner, TF BE Hale, W TI CaO insulator coatings and self-healing of defects on V-Cr-Ti alloys in liquid lithium SO LIGHT METALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Sessions at the 125th TMS Annual Meeting - Light Metals 1996 CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Light Net Comm C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-312-0 PY 1996 BP 1155 EP 1161 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG02V UT WOS:A1996BG02V00164 ER PT B AU Westphal, BR AF Westphal, BR BE Hale, W TI Distillation modeling for a uranium refining process SO LIGHT METALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Sessions at the 125th TMS Annual Meeting - Light Metals 1996 CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Light Net Comm C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83403. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-312-0 PY 1996 BP 1185 EP 1189 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG02V UT WOS:A1996BG02V00169 ER PT B AU Colmenares, CA Ebbinghaus, BB Bronson, MC AF Colmenares, CA Ebbinghaus, BB Bronson, MC BE Hale, W TI Pyrochemical processes for the recovery of weapons grade plutonium either as a metal or as PuO2 for use in mixed oxide reactor fuel pellets SO LIGHT METALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Sessions at the 125th TMS Annual Meeting - Light Metals 1996 CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Light Net Comm C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-312-0 PY 1996 BP 1211 EP 1214 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG02V UT WOS:A1996BG02V00172 ER PT B AU Graziano, D Hryn, JN Daniels, EJ AF Graziano, D Hryn, JN Daniels, EJ BE Hale, W TI The economics of salt cake recycling SO LIGHT METALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Sessions at the 125th TMS Annual Meeting - Light Metals 1996 CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Light Net Comm C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY SYST,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-312-0 PY 1996 BP 1255 EP 1260 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG02V UT WOS:A1996BG02V00179 ER PT J AU Stewart, AJ Kszos, LA AF Stewart, AJ Kszos, LA TI Caution on using lithium (Li+) as a conservative tracer in hydrological studies SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Letter RP Stewart, AJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Kszos, Lynn/0000-0002-8218-9032; stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 1 BP 190 EP 191 PG 2 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA UC907 UT WOS:A1996UC90700019 ER PT J AU Chen, WYC Louck, JD AF Chen, WYC Louck, JD TI The combinatorial power of the companion matrix SO LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLYNOMIALS AB Using combinatorial methods, we obtain the explicit polynomials for all elements in an arbitrary power of the companion matrix depending on n variables and provide some interesting applications and relationships to Waring's formula on symmetric functions, the general solution to homogeneous linear recurrence relations, the multiplicative inverse of formal power series, the generating function of compositions (of numbers), a unified approach to Chebyshev polynomials including two recently discovered classes that satisfy analogous smallest-norm and orthogonality properties subject to different weight functions, Dickson polynomials of various kinds arising from the theory of finite fields, combinatorial expansions of Toeplitz matrices, and the recent notion of cycle dissections involving a bijective study of Waring's formula. C1 NANKAI UNIV,NANKAI INST MATH,TIANJIN 300071,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Chen, WYC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CIC-3,MAIL STOP B265,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0024-3795 J9 LINEAR ALGEBRA APPL JI Linear Alg. Appl. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 232 BP 261 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0024-3795(95)90163-9 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA TQ438 UT WOS:A1996TQ43800013 ER PT B AU Grumbly, T AF Grumbly, T BE Grossblatt, N TI National forum on science and technology goals SO LINKING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO SOCIETY'S ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS SE NATIONAL FORUM ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Forum on Science and Technology Goals - Environment CY AUG 21-24, 1995 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Natl Res Council, Carnegie Corp New York HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR RP Grumbly, T (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, PO BOX 285, WASHINGTON, DC 20055 BN 0-309-05578-4 J9 NAT F SCI TECH GOAL PY 1996 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH03Z UT WOS:A1996BH03Z00019 ER PT S AU Wunderlich, B Chen, W AF Wunderlich, B Chen, W BE Isayev, AI Kyu, T Cheng, SZD TI The difference between liquid crystals and conformationally disordered crystals SO LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMER SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Systems - Technological Advances, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polym Mat, Sci & Engn Inc ID STATE C-13 NMR; SEMIFLEXIBLE MESOGEN 1-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2-(2-METHYL-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)ETHANE; CONDIS CRYSTALS; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) FIBERS; SMALL MOLECULES; POLYMERS; PHASES; OOBPD; MESOPHASES; DEFECTS AB A series of criteria and signature properties that distinguish liquid crystals from condis crystals has been developed and will be discussed. Thermotropic liquid crystals achieve their special properties and structure via rod-, disk-, or board-like rigid mesogens. Amphiphilic liquid crystals, in contrast, result from the formation of interfaces where the junctions between incompatible parts within the molecule collect. Ln the Liquid crystalline state, the liquid-like motion and disorder of translational (positional) and conformational type is largely maintained, while some of the orientational motion and disorder is decreased. Liquid crystals must be distinguished from conformationally disordered crystals (condis crystals). Condis crystals are more closely related to the crystalline state with translational and orientational long-range order, but with conformational disorder. In macromolecules which alternate in chemical nature along the chain one can find a full spectrum of substances ranging from thermotropic and amphiphilic liquid crystals to condis crystals and true crystals. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3408-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 632 BP 232 EP 248 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Polymer Science GA BF97Q UT WOS:A1996BF97Q00015 ER PT S AU Smith, ME Douglas, EP Benicewicz, BC Earls, JD Priester, RD AF Smith, ME Douglas, EP Benicewicz, BC Earls, JD Priester, RD BE Bunning, TJ Chen, SH Hawthorne, W Kajiyama, T Koide, N TI High modulus liquid crystalline thermosetting resins through novel processing techniques SO LIQUID CRYSTALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Liquid Crystals for Advanced Technologies, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have demonstrated the effects of magnetic field alignment for the epoxy resin system, the diglycidyl ether of dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene cured with sulfanilamide. With increasing magnetic field, the tensile modulus of the thermoset can be enhanced by a factor of three, without compromise to the transverse value. Measurements of the coefficients of thermal expansion and the order parameter as determined by x-ray diffraction elucidate the high degree of alignment obtained at field strengths of 15-18 Tesla. The interrelationship between the reaction kinetics of curing with the molecular alignment process is central to successful processing of this class of thermosets. Preliminary relationships between the field strength, time in the magnetic field, reaction rate, and extent of reaction have been developed. Process control and sequencing allow a wide adjustment in the properties of the produced samples. Our studies demonstrate the increased value of multi-mode processing in the development of tailored property, lightweight materials. RP Smith, ME (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POLYMERS & COATINGS GRP,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. OI Benicewicz, Brian/0000-0003-4130-1232 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-328-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 425 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG81T UT WOS:A1996BG81T00022 ER PT B AU Hunt, MA Hicks, JS Gleason, SS AF Hunt, MA Hicks, JS Gleason, SS BE Rao, AR Chang, N TI Part identification using robust feature extraction and pattern classification SO MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection IV Conference CY JAN 31-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE feature extraction; pattern classification; edge detection; Hough transform; line scan; pipeline image processing C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV INSTRUMENTAT & CONTROLS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2039-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2665 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.232243 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics GA BF31J UT WOS:A1996BF31J00021 ER PT B AU Patek, DR Tobin, KW Jachter, L AF Patek, DR Tobin, KW Jachter, L BE Rao, AR Chang, N TI Machine vision inspection of technical ceramics SO MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection IV Conference CY JAN 31-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE machine vision; surface defects; optical metrology; defect detection; video inspection; image processing; real-time processing C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,LOKHEED MARTIN ENERGY RES CORP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2039-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2665 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1117/12.232246 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Optics GA BF31J UT WOS:A1996BF31J00024 ER PT J AU Winburn, RS Reems, BR Hoffmann, MR Rohlfing, CM AF Winburn, RS Reems, BR Hoffmann, MR Rohlfing, CM TI A theoretical study of the structural isomers of phosphaazarine SO MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ISOCYANIDE-CYANIDE REARRANGEMENT; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ELECTRONIC WAVEFUNCTIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS SETS; ATOMS AB The recently formulated second-order state-selective quasidegenerate perturbation theory (QDPT2) is compared with quadratic configuration interaction singles and doubles (QCISD) calculations for the molecules in this study. The results of calculations using nondegenerate perturbation theory (MP2) are also reported. The molecules in this study are of current or potential experimental interest; furthermore, the molecules studied are difficult to characterize theoretically and so are useful examples on which to assess newly developed formalisms. The equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of five structural isomers of phosphaazarine, HNPCH, that have the phosphorus located between the nitrogen and the carbon have been determined using a split valence one-electron basis set with polarization functions on the heavy atoms and a complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) description of the active space. Both QDPT2 and QCISD calculations have been performed at the equilibrium geometries using a larger basis set to accurately determine the relative energies of the various structural isomers. The calculations predict that NPCH2 is the lowest-lying isomer, being between 2.6 and 3.7 kcal/mol lower in energy than the energetically closest isomer, NPHCH. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT CHEM,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT COMBUST CHEM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1024-1221 J9 MAIN GROUP CHEM JI Main Group Chem. PY 1996 VL 1 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1080/13583149612331338425 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA WZ062 UT WOS:A1996WZ06200004 ER PT J AU Stubbs, L Carver, E Ashworth, L LopezMolina, L AF Stubbs, L Carver, E Ashworth, L LopezMolina, L TI Location of the DBP transcription factor gene in human and mouse SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GENOME; MAPS C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV GENEVA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. RP Stubbs, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JAN PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s003359900016 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TQ967 UT WOS:A1996TQ96700016 PM 8903733 ER PT J AU Justice, MJ Stephenson, DA AF Justice, MJ Stephenson, DA TI Mouse Chromosome 13 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article C1 UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT GENET & BIOMETRY,LONDON NW1 2HE,ENGLAND. RP Justice, MJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [7R29 CA63229-02] NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PY 1996 VL 6 SI SI BP S232 EP S244 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA UX771 UT WOS:A1996UX77100013 PM 8800768 ER PT B AU Bromley, BC Brainerd, TG Warren, MS Zurek, WH AF Bromley, BC Brainerd, TG Warren, MS Zurek, WH BE Coles, P Martinez, V PonsBorderia, MJ TI Cosmic structure on small scales: Results on cluster cores and redshift-space power spectra SO MAPPING, MEASURING, AND MODELLING THE UNIVERSE SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mapping, Measuring, and Modelling the Universe CY SEP 18-22, 1995 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Astron Soc Pacific, European Cosmol Network C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Brainerd, Tereasa /H-4479-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 1-886733-15-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1996 VL 94 BP 107 EP 118 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG32D UT WOS:A1996BG32D00015 ER PT J AU You, CF Spivack, AJ Gieskes, JM Martin, JB Davisson, ML AF You, CF Spivack, AJ Gieskes, JM Martin, JB Davisson, ML TI Boron contents and isotopic compositions in pore waters: A new approach to determine temperature induced artifacts - Geochemical implications SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARBADOS ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX; ORGANIC-RICH SEDIMENT; 500 BARS; SEAWATER; FRACTIONATION; CONSTRAINTS; CARBONATES; EXCHANGE; CYCLE; SEA AB A comprehensive experimental study, utilizing a rocking autoclave hydrothermal apparatus with isotope tracers, was applied to evaluate the temperature of squeezing artifacts on B contents and isotopic compositions in pore waters. The partition coefficient (K-D) was determined at temperatures from 25 degrees to 350 degrees C, at 800 bars, and this information was applied to reconstruct pore water B and delta(11)B in ODP drill sites, where pH, T, and porosity are known. The partition coefficient of B is a function of temperature, pH, and sediment mineralogy. The solution pH exerts a dominant control at low temperatures; however, K-D decreases to a value of essentially zero (compared to that of K-D = similar to 3.5 at 25 degrees C) at high temperatures indicating no adsorption. Two empirical equations were derived to represent most of the available experimental results. For pelagic clay rich sediments, a K-D = -3.84 - 0.020T + 0.88pH (R = 0.84; 1 sigma = 0.25) is established. For sediments that have experienced progressive metamorphism, a K-D = -1.38 - 0.008T + 0.59pH (R = 0.81; 1 sigma = 0.37) call be applied. Similarly the effect on pore water delta(11)B can be corrected if the fractionation factors at different temperatures are assumed. The corrected B and delta(11)B in ODP Sites 671, 672, and 808 indicate significant mobilization of bulk B in sediment (exchangeable + lattice bound) at depth, especially near the decollement zone or other potential flow conduits. Tectonically expelled fluids from mud diapirs of Barbados Ridge Complex, hot springs of Rumsey Hills, California, and mud pot waters of the Salton Sea geothermal held, are enriched in B (up to 20 mM) with lower delta(11)B, supporting the argument of B mobilization as a result of fluid expulsion in accretionary prisms. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 129 IS 3-4 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(96)83353-6 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA TV774 UT WOS:A1996TV77400010 ER PT S AU Concus, P Finn, R Weislogel, M AF Concus, P Finn, R Weislogel, M BE Ratke, L Walter, H Feuerbacher, B TI Proboscis container shapes for the USML-2 Interface Configuration Experiment SO MATERIALS AND FLUIDS UNDER LOW GRAVITY SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IXth European Symposium on Gravity-Dependent Phenomena in Physical Sciences - Materials and Fluids Under Low Gravity CY MAY 02-05, 1995 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP European Space Agcy, German Space Agcy, TU Berlin C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-60677-7 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 1996 VL 464 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BF89D UT WOS:A1996BF89D00017 ER PT J AU Armstrong, BL AF Armstrong, BL TI Consolidation of nano-crystalline ZrO2 SO MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID THROUGH HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS; NANOCRYSTALLINE PALLADIUM; COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS; NANOPHASE TIO2; POWDERS; DENSIFICATION; CERAMICS; ZIRCONIA AB The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of ultrafine synthesis methods on the consolidation behavior of nano-crystalline ZrO2. Cost effective, scaleable processes were utilized so that the work would be relevant to industrial issues. Both 4 mol.% Y2O3 and 8 mol.% Y2O3 stabilized nanocrystalline ZrO2 were synthesized using the Rapid Thermal Decomposition of Precursors in Solution (RTDS) process (a continuous hydrothermal process) and a modified Glycine-Nitrate (GNP) synthesis method (a combustion synthesis technique). The RTDS method involves a brief (< 2 sec) exposure of an aqueous solution containing dissolved metal oxide precursors to hydrothermal conditions amenable to particle nucleation and growth. Typically, powders are prepared from nitrate precursors under acidic (pH < 2) conditions. Due to the solubility of Y2O3 below pH 3, Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 was also synthesized under basic conditions (pH > 9) by the addition of urea to the precursor stock solution. Both acidic and basic synthesis routes produced crystallite sizes < 5 nm. The Glycine-Nitrate process is a combustion synthesis method that is particularly useful for synthesizing ultra-fine, multicomponent oxide powders. For the preparation of stabilized ZrO2, a fuel system consisting of carbohydrazide buffered with urea was used in place of glycine. The exothermic decomposition of zirconyl nitrate and this fuel resulted in fine ZrO2 particles (approximate to 25-50 nm) depending upon redox conditions (carbohydrazide to urea ratio) of the combustion event. The influence of synthesis parameters and powder characteristics (morphology, phase, crystallite/particle size, agglomerate size, surface area) on compaction and sintering behavior was investigated. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Armstrong, Beth/E-6752-2017 OI Armstrong, Beth/0000-0001-7149-3576 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1042-6914 J9 MATER MANUF PROCESS JI Mater. Manuf. Process. PY 1996 VL 11 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1012 DI 10.1080/10426919608947547 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA VW324 UT WOS:A1996VW32400007 ER PT B AU Roach, D AF Roach, D BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Development of a corrosion detection experiment to evaluate conventional and advanced NDI techniques SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE nondestructive inspection; corrosion; evaluation C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,AGING AIRCRAFT NDI VALIDAT CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 265 EP 278 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00026 ER PT B AU Skocypec, RD Peterson, CW AF Skocypec, RD Peterson, CW BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Doe programs in fire and materials SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE fire; modeling; validation experiments; materials; combustion; fluid mechanics C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00034 ER PT B AU Moore, GA Johnson, RW Landon, MD Soots, CM Anderson, JL AF Moore, GA Johnson, RW Landon, MD Soots, CM Anderson, JL BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Slurry-based fabrication of chopped fiberglass composite preforms SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE structural composites; chopped fiberglass preforms; automotive C1 EG&G IDAHO INC,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,LOCKHEED IDAHO TECHNOL CO,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 510 EP 519 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00048 ER PT B AU Moore, D Roach, D Swanson, M Walkington, P AF Moore, D Roach, D Swanson, M Walkington, P BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Nondestructive inspection of adhesive bonds in composite and metallic materials SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE composite repair; nondestructive inspection; reference standards C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,AGING AIRCRAFT NDI VALIDAT CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 583 EP 596 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00056 ER PT B AU Nicolette, VF Tieszen, SR Moya, JL AF Nicolette, VF Tieszen, SR Moya, JL BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Interfacing materials models with fire field models SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE solid material combustion; fire; modeling C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 714 EP 721 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00070 ER PT B AU Chu, TY Moore, JW Hobbs, ML Gritzo, LA Moya, JL AF Chu, TY Moore, JW Hobbs, ML Gritzo, LA Moya, JL BE Schmitt, G Bauer, J Magurany, CJ Hurley, C Kliger, H TI Experimental characterization of fire-induced response of rigid polyurethane foam SO MATERIALS AND PROCESS CHALLENGES: AGING SYSTEMS, AFFORDABILITY, ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition - Materials and Process Challenges: Aging Systems, Affordability, Alternative Applications CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Adv Mat & Proc Engn DE foam; polyurethane; degradation C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 843 W GLENTANA ST, PO BOX 2459, COVINA, CA 91722 BN 0-938994-74-3 J9 SCI ADV MAT PY 1996 VL 41 IS BK 1-2 BP 722 EP 733 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG16F UT WOS:A1996BG16F00071 ER PT B AU Maudlin, PJ Stout, MG AF Maudlin, PJ Stout, MG BE Stephenson, DA Stevenson, DA Stevenson, R TI Metal cutting simulation of 4340 steel using an accurate mechanical description of material strength and fracture SO MATERIALS ISSUES IN MACHINING - III AND THE PHYSICS OF MACHINING PROCESSES - III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues in Machining - III, at the Fall Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY OCT 06-10, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID DEFORMATION; STRESS AB Strength and fracture constitutive relationships containing strain rate dependence and thermal softening are important for accurate simulation of metal cutting. The mechanical behavior of a hardened 4340 steel was characterized using the von Mises yield function, the Mechanical Threshold Stress model and the Johnson-Cook fracture model. This constitutive description was implemented into the explicit Lagrangian FEM continuum-mechanics code EPIC, and orthogonal plane-strain metal cutting calculations were performed. Heat conduction and friction at the tool/work-piece interface were included in the simulations. These transient calculations were advanced in time until steady state machining behavior (force) was realized. Experimental cuffing force data (cutting and thrust forces) were measured for a planing operation and compared to the calculations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maudlin, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B216,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-345-7 PY 1996 BP 29 EP 41 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48G UT WOS:000078872300003 ER PT S AU Huang, HC delaRubia, TD Fluss, MJ AF Huang, HC delaRubia, TD Fluss, MJ BE Filter, WF Clement, JJ Oates, AS Rosenberg, R Lenahan, PM TI A molecular dynamics study of Cu segregation to the Sigma 11 <1(1)over-bar-0>/<113><113> grain boundary in Al SO MATERIALS RELIABILITY IN MICROELECTRONICS VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VI, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of Cu segregation to the Sigma 11 <[1(1)over bar 0]>/(113)(113) grain boundary (GB) in Al. The simulations were performed with Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potentials for Al and Al-Cu. The results predict that copper atoms tend to order along either side of the interface even at the pure symmetrical GB, forming alternating chains along the <[(33)over bar 2]> direction. The nucleation of the chains is driven by a change in the local atomic level stress induced by the pre-existing Cu atoms at the GB. RP Huang, HC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-331-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 428 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG81V UT WOS:A1996BG81V00025 ER PT S AU Kim, CU Morris, JW Genin, FY Fluss, MJ AF Kim, CU Morris, JW Genin, FY Fluss, MJ BE Filter, WF Clement, JJ Oates, AS Rosenberg, R Lenahan, PM TI Influence of solute additions on electromigration in aluminum SO MATERIALS RELIABILITY IN MICROELECTRONICS VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VI, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB This study investigates the effect of solute additions on electromigration in Al-based thin film binary alloys. The ''cross-strip'' technique was used to observe solute electromigration and its influence on Al electromigration. The results of electromigration tests on five alloy additions, Ag, Au, Cu, Pd and Ni, are presented. It is concluded that beneficial solutes have two characteristics. First, they have a large, negative effective valence (Z**). Second, they have sufficient solubility in Al at test temperature to provide a reservoir of mobile atoms. Ag and Au are relatively ineffective because of their low effective valence. Pd and Ni appears to be relatively ineffective because of their low solubility at test temperature. Only Cu satisfies both criteria. RP Kim, CU (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-331-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 428 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG81V UT WOS:A1996BG81V00029 ER PT S AU Kang, SH Genin, FY Kim, C Morris, JW AF Kang, SH Genin, FY Kim, C Morris, JW BE Filter, WF Clement, JJ Oates, AS Rosenberg, R Lenahan, PM TI Further investigations of the microstructural mechanism of electromigration failure in Al-Cu lines with quasi-bamboo microstructures SO MATERIALS RELIABILITY IN MICROELECTRONICS VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VI, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Thin-film Al-2Cu conducting lines with ''quasi-bamboo'' microstructures were investigated to understand the microstructural mechanism of electromigration failure. Both conventional test structures and electron-transparent lines fabricated on silicon nitride windows were utilized to identify the ''weakest'' polygranular segments. Even when the current density was reduced to 0.75 MA/cm(2) and the segment length was on the order of a few microns, failure occurs at the upstream termination of the longest polygranular segment in the line, at a time that decreases exponentially with the segment length. There is no apparent ''Blech length'' in quasi-bamboo Al-Cu lines; the longest segments are the failure sites, and their lifetime decreases with segment length in a regular way, even when the longest segments are only a few microns in length. It follows (and is observed) that the time-to-failure distribution of a group of lines is fixed by the distribution of the longest polygranular segments within them. This distribution can be effectively controlled by post-pattern annealing, which can refine the quasi-bamboo structure so that the longest polygranular segments are short and the distribution of longest polygranular segment lengths is narrow. Consequently, post pattern annealing is a very effective method for improving reliability by increasing the time to first failure. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-331-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 428 BP 255 EP 260 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG81V UT WOS:A1996BG81V00036 ER PT S AU Chason, E Floro, JA AF Chason, E Floro, JA BE Filter, WF Clement, JJ Oates, AS Rosenberg, R Lenahan, PM TI Measurements of stress evolution during thin film deposition SO MATERIALS RELIABILITY IN MICROELECTRONICS VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Reliability in Microelectronics VI, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have developed a technique for measuring thin film stress during growth by monitoring the wafer curvature. By measuring the deflection of multiple parallel laser beams with a CCD detector, the sensitivity to vibration is reduced and a radius of curvature limit of 4 km has been obtained in situ. This technique also enables us to obtain a 2-dimensional profile of the surface curvature from the simultaneous reflection of a rectangular array of beams. Results from the growth of SiGe alloy films are presented to demonstrate the unique information that can be obtained during growth. RP Chason, E (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-331-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 428 BP 499 EP 504 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG81V UT WOS:A1996BG81V00069 ER PT J AU Ritchie, RO AF Ritchie, RO TI On the interaction of cracks with bimaterial interfaces SO MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL; TOUGHNESS; STRESS; TIP AB Mechanical properties of engineering materials are primarily controlled by interfaces that they contain, i.e., free surfaces, grain boundaries, a!nd phase boundaries. The fracture and fatigue properties, in particular, are a function of the interaction of such boundaries with cracks: In the present paper, we review the various types of interaction between cracks propagating at or near such bimaterial interfaces. Indeed, the nature of these interactions is critical in determining trajectories of cracks in both homogeneous and layered structures, which in turn has a direct influence on their fracture toughness and resistance to subcritical crack growth. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1068-820X J9 MATER SCI+ JI Mater. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1007/BF02538931 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA XV063 UT WOS:A1996XV06300012 ER PT J AU Wenk, HR Chakhmovradian, A Foltyn, S AF Wenk, HR Chakhmovradian, A Foltyn, S TI Quantitative texture measurements of YBCO films on various substrates SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE texture measurement; epitaxy; YBa2Cu3O7-delta films ID SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; SITE LATTICE THEORY; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; LASER DEPOSITION; BOUNDARIES; INTERFACES AB X-ray pole figure measurements are used to investigate epitaxial relations of thin polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films on various single-crystal substrates. Films of YBCO were deposited at various temperatures by laser ablation. Basically two orientations were identified, one with the c axes of YBCO normal to the film (C) and one with the a axes of YBCO normal to the film (A). Detailed two-dimensional scans are used not only to establish quantitative ratios between orientations but also to determine overall crystallinity. In general the C orientation is dominant at high deposition temperatures and in thin films, whereas the A orientation prevails at low temperatures and in thicker films. The A-C transition can be well documented in films deposited on (001) LaAlO3 at various temperatures. On (001) MgO and Y-Zr2O substrates and at higher temperature, a subsidiary orientation is observed with the c axes parallel to the film but the a axes rotated 45 degrees so that they are parallel to the [110] of the substrate. High crystallinity and dominating C orientations are present for films on CeO2 coated (012) alpha-Al2O3. In the case of a thick film on Y-Zr2O the effect of a layered structure on diffraction intensities is documented with C orientations underneath a layer of A orientations. In comparison with orientation determinations by transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction or X-ray Laue patterns, X-ray texture analysis as described here provides a quantitative volume average of orientations which is representative of selected regions of the material and can be related to macroscopic properties. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOL CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Wenk, HR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)09862-3 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TY790 UT WOS:A1996TY79000002 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Brandon, DG Shafry, N AF Hsueh, CH Brandon, DG Shafry, N TI Experimental and theoretical aspects of slice compression tests SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ceramic composites; interface; debonding; friction; residual stress ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER ROUGHNESS; BRITTLE-MATRIX; PULL-OUT; STRESS; INTERFACES; FRICTION; STRAIN AB A basis for evaluating the interfacial properties of aligned ceramic matrix composites from slice compression tests is provided in the present study. Specifically, experimental results of tests performed on unidirectional Tyrrano SiC fiber-reinforced lithium aluminosilicate composites are analyzed. Precautions in experimental procedures are discussed, and the analytical solutions required for data analysis are summarized. To extract the interfacial properties, the measured relation between the residual fiber protrusion after complete unloading and the peak loading stress is fitted to the theoretical analysis. C1 TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT MAT ENGN,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 205 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0921-5093(95)09887-9 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TY790 UT WOS:A1996TY79000010 ER PT S AU Quong, AA Liu, AY AF Quong, AA Liu, AY BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI Linear-response calculations of electron-phonon coupling parameters and free energies of defects SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00003 ER PT S AU Wang, CZ Tang, MS Pan, BC Chan, CT Ho, KM AF Wang, CZ Tang, MS Pan, BC Chan, CT Ho, KM BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI A tight-binding model beyond two-center approximation SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00006 ER PT S AU Chen, A Corrales, LR AF Chen, A Corrales, LR BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI A semi-empirical methodology to study bulk silica system SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00010 ER PT S AU Stocks, GM Wang, Y Nicholson, DMC Shelton, WA Temmerman, WM Szotek, Z Harmon, BN Antropov, VP AF Stocks, GM Wang, Y Nicholson, DMC Shelton, WA Temmerman, WM Szotek, Z Harmon, BN Antropov, VP BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI The massively parallel O[N] LSMS-method: Alloy energies and non-collinear magnetism SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 157 EP 168 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00023 ER PT S AU vanSwol, F Heffelfinger, GS AF vanSwol, F Heffelfinger, GS BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI Gradient-driven diffusion using dual control volume grand canonical molecular dynamics (DCV-GCMD) SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,PARALLEL COMPUTAT SCI DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00042 ER PT S AU Althoff, JD Johnson, DD AF Althoff, JD Johnson, DD BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI First-principles calculations of Heusler phase precursors in the atomic short-range order of disordered BCC ternary alloys SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMPUTAT MAT SCI DEPT,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. OI Johnson, Duane/0000-0003-0794-7283 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00049 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Stocks, GM Nicholson, DMC Shelton, WA Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM AF Wang, Y Stocks, GM Nicholson, DMC Shelton, WA Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM BE Kaxiras, E Joannopoulos, J Vashishta, P Kalia, RK TI The magnetic structure of Cu0.2Ni0.8 alloys SO MATERIALS THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND PARALLEL ALGORITHMS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Theory, Simulations, and Parallel Algorithms CY NOV 27-DEC 01, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, USN, Off Naval Res C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-311-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 408 BP 585 EP 590 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BF97F UT WOS:A1996BF97F00086 ER PT J AU Lyness, JN Joe, S AF Lyness, JN Joe, S TI Triangular canonical forms for lattice rules of prime-power order SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Article AB In this paper we develop a theory of t-cycle D - Z representations for s-dimensional lattice rules of prime-power order. Of particular interest are canonical forms which, by definition, have a D-matrix consisting of the nontrivial invariants. Among these is a family of triangular forms, which, besides being canonical, have the defining property that their Z-matrix is a column permuted version of a unit upper triangular matrix. Triangular forms may be obtained constructively using sequences of elementary transformations based on elementary matrix algebra. Our main result is to define a unique canonical form for prime-power rules. This ultratriangular form is a triangular form, is easy to recognize, and may be derived in a straightforward manner. C1 UNIV WAIKATO,DEPT MATH & STAT,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. RP Lyness, JN (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. OI Joe, Stephen/0000-0002-7652-9205 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 65 IS 213 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-96-00691-6 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA TT194 UT WOS:A1996TT19400012 ER PT J AU Beyer, WA Roof, RB Williamson, D AF Beyer, WA Roof, RB Williamson, D TI The lattice structure of multiplicative congruential pseudo-random vectors (vol 25, pg 345, 1971) SO MATHEMATICS OF COMPUTATION LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Beyer, WA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MAIL STOP B284,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA 201 CHARLES ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940-2213 SN 0025-5718 J9 MATH COMPUT JI Math. Comput. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 65 IS 213 BP 445 EP 446 DI 10.1090/S0025-5718-96-00697-7 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA TT194 UT WOS:A1996TT19400034 ER PT B AU Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS AF Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS BE Hanson, KM Silver, RN TI The Bayes Inference Engine SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1995 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiog Diagnost Program, Santa Fe Inst HO ST JOHNS COLL DE Bayesian analysis; MAP estimator; uncertainty estimation; object oriented programming; adjoint differentiation; optimization AB We are developing a computer application, called the Bayes Inference Engine, to provide the means to make inferences about models of physical reality within a Bayesian framework. The construction of complex nonlinear models is achieved by a fully object-oriented design. The models are represented by a data-flow diagram that may be manipulated by the analyst through a graphical-programming environment. Maximum a posteriori solutions are achieved using a general, gradient-based optimization algorithm. The application incorporates a new technique of estimating and visualizing the uncertainties in specific aspects of the model. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DX-13,MS-P940,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4311-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 79 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics; Mathematics GA BH89J UT WOS:A1996BH89J00015 ER PT B AU Gubernatis, JE Bonca, J Jarrell, J AF Gubernatis, JE Bonca, J Jarrell, J BE Hanson, KM Silver, RN TI Bayesian inference and the analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1995 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiog Diagnost Program, Santa Fe Inst HO ST JOHNS COLL DE entropic prior; maximum entropy; analytic continuation AB W present a brief description of how methods of Bayesian inference are used to obtain real frequency information by the analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data. We present the procedure we used, which is due to R. K. Bryan, and summarize several bottleneck issues. RP Gubernatis, JE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,T-11,MS-B262,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4311-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 79 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics; Mathematics GA BH89J UT WOS:A1996BH89J00019 ER PT B AU Silver, RN Roeder, H Voter, AF Kress, JD AF Silver, RN Roeder, H Voter, AF Kress, JD BE Hanson, KM Silver, RN TI Chebyshev moment problems: Maximum entropy and kernel polynomial methods SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1995 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiog Diagnost Program, Santa Fe Inst HO ST JOHNS COLL DE computational physics; convex optimization; density of states; electronic structure; kernel polynomial method; large sparse matrices; moment problems; maximum entropy AB Two Chebyshev recursion methods are presented for calculations with very large sparse Hamiltonians, the kernel polynomial method (KPM) and the maximum entropy method (MEM). They are applicable to physical properties involving large numbers of eigenstates such as densities of states, spectral functions, thermodynamics, total energies for Monte Carlo simulations and forces for tight binding molecular dynamics. This paper emphasizes efficient algorithms. RP Silver, RN (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS-B262,T-11,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4311-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 79 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics; Mathematics GA BH89J UT WOS:A1996BH89J00022 ER PT B AU Miller, G Inkret, WC AF Miller, G Inkret, WC BE Hanson, KM Silver, RN TI Bayesian methods for interpreting plutonium urinalysis data SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1995 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiog Diagnost Program, Santa Fe Inst HO ST JOHNS COLL DE prior; lognormal; plutonium; Bayesian; bioassay AB We discuss an internal dosimetry problem, where measurements of plutonium in urine are used to calculate radiation doses. We have developed an algorithm using the MAXENT method. The method gives reasonable results, however the role of the entropy prior distribution is to effectively fit the urine data using intakes occurring close in time to each measured urine result, which is unrealistic. A better approximation for the actual prior is the log-normal distribution; however, with the log-normal distribution another calculational approach must be used. Instead of calculating the most probable values, we turn to calculating expectation values directly from the posterior probability, which is feasible for a small number of intakes. RP Miller, G (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ESH-12,MS-K483,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4311-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 79 BP 367 EP 373 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics; Mathematics GA BH89J UT WOS:A1996BH89J00046 ER PT B AU Moershead, CT AF Moershead, CT BE Hanson, KM Silver, RN TI Maximum entropy tomography SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 1995 CL ST JOHNS COLL, SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Radiog Diagnost Program, Santa Fe Inst HO ST JOHNS COLL DE tomography; diagnostics; integral equations AB Tomography is the process of estimating an unknown two-dimensional density distribution from a set of its one-dimensional projections (views). The ability of Minerbo's [1] maximum entropy tomography (MENT) algorithm to work with a very small number of views makes it especially useful in industrial radiography, accelerator beam diagnostics, and other potential applications. The MENT algorithm is reviewed using a simple continuum derivation of the factored product form for the two dimensional maximum entropy reconstruction function. The projection coordinates for the various views are related by arbitrary linear transformations. The unknown one dimensional Lagrange factor functions that constitute the maximum entropy interpolant are sampled identically to the digital projection data arrays, thus avoiding the geometric issues of pixel projection and underdetermined null-spaces. An iterative procedure is described for solving the large system of coupled non-linear integral equations that result when the product form is substituted into the projection integral constraints. Some of the advantages and costs of using this pure maximum entropy formalism for tomographic reconstruction are illustrated and discussed. RP Moershead, CT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,AOT-1,MS-H808,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4311-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 79 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics; Mathematics GA BH89J UT WOS:A1996BH89J00054 ER PT B AU Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS AF Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS BE Skilling, J Sibisi, S TI The hard truth SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND, 1994 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods CY 1994 CL ST JOHNS COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Kluwer Acad Publ, Bruker Spectrospin, MaxEnt Solut Ltd HO ST JOHNS COLL AB Bayesian methodology provides the means to combine prior knowledge about competing models of reality and available data to draw inferences about the validity of those models. The posterior quantifies the degree of certainty one has about those models. We propose a method to determine the uncertainty in a specific feature of a Bayesian solution. Our approach is based on an analogy between the negative logarithm of the posterior and a physical potential. This analogy leads to the interpretation of gradient of this potential as a force that acts on the model. As model parameters are perturbed from their maximum a posteriori (MAP) values, the strength of the restoring force that drives them back to the MAP solution is directly related to the uncertainty in those parameter estimates. The correlations between the uncertainties of parameter estimates can be elucidated. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS P940,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-3452-3 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 70 BP 157 EP 164 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BH21U UT WOS:A1996BH21U00017 ER PT B AU Wallstrom, TC AF Wallstrom, TC BE Heidbreder, GR TI Maximum Quantum Entropy for classical density functions SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A., 1993 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods (MAXENT93) CY AUG 01-05, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Res Off, Kluwer Acad Publ HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA AB Maximum Quantum Entropy (MQE), recently introduced by Richard Silver and also known as Quantum Statistical Inference (QSI), is a method of estimating smooth, non-quantum-mechanical (''classical'') densities, given information about those densities. It is formally analogous to Maximum Entropy (ME), the difference being that the Shannon entropy is replaced by the quantum entropy. We present a concise description of MQE from a mathematical perspective, not relying on physical analogy. We introduce density matrices and the quantum entropy, compare MQE with ME, discuss the nature of constraints in MQE and show how these constraints influence the density estimate. We conclude with a discussion of the status of MQE as a maximum entropy method. RP Wallstrom, TC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B213,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2851-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 62 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BH21V UT WOS:A1996BH21V00010 ER PT B AU Wallstrom, TC AF Wallstrom, TC BE Heidbreder, GR TI Smoothing in Maximum Quantum Entropy SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A., 1993 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods (MAXENT93) CY AUG 01-05, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Res Off, Kluwer Acad Publ HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA AB The method of Maximum Quantum Entropy (MQE) has been described in a companion paper. Here we give criteria for the smoothness properties of the MQE estimate, as a function of the smoothing operator and the dimension. With point constraints, the MQE estimate will have continuous derivatives of order l in d dimensions if and only if the elliptic smoothing operator is of order 2m, where 2m > l + d. It is thus impossible to constrain individual points unless 2m > d, and the derivative will have discontinuities unless 2m > d + 1. RP Wallstrom, TC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B213,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2851-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 62 BP 157 EP 159 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BH21V UT WOS:A1996BH21V00011 ER PT B AU Silver, RN Wallstrom, T Martz, HF AF Silver, RN Wallstrom, T Martz, HF BE Heidbreder, GR TI Density estimation by Maximum Quantum Entropy SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A., 1993 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods (MAXENT93) CY AUG 01-05, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Res Off, Kluwer Acad Publ HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA AB A new Bayesian method for non-parametric density estimation is proposed, based on a mathematical analogy to quantum statistical physics. The mathematical procedure is related to maximum entropy methods for inverse problems and image reconstruction. The information divergence enforces global smoothing toward default models, convexity, positivity, extensivity and normalization. The novel feature is the replacement of classical entropy by quantum entropy, so that local smoothing is enforced by constraints on differential operators. The linear response of the estimate is proportional to the covariance. The hyperparameters are estimated by type-II maximum likelihood (evidence). The method is demonstrated on textbook data sets. RP Silver, RN (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2851-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 62 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BH21V UT WOS:A1996BH21V00012 ER PT B AU Hanson, KM Wolf, DR AF Hanson, KM Wolf, DR BE Heidbreder, GR TI Estimators for the Cauchy distribution SO MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MAXIMUM ENTROPY AND BAYESIAN METHODS, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A., 1993 SE FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods (MAXENT93) CY AUG 01-05, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP USN, Off Naval Res, USA, Res Off, Kluwer Acad Publ HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA AB We discuss the properties of various estimators of the central position of the Cauchy distribution. The performance of these estimators is evaluated for a set of simulated experiments. Estimators based on the maximum and mean of the posterior probability density function are empirically found to be well behaved when more than two measurements are available. On the contrary, because of the infinite variance of the Cauchy distribution, the average of the measured positions is an extremely poor estimator of the central position. However, the median of the measured positions is well behaved. The rms errors for the various estimators are compared to the Fisher-Cramer-Rao lower bound. We find that the square root of the variance of the posterior density function is predictive of the rms error in the mean posterior estimator. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS P940,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2851-5 J9 FUND THEOR PY 1996 VL 62 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Optics; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BH21V UT WOS:A1996BH21V00020 ER PT B AU Groshong, BR Kegelmeyer, WP AF Groshong, BR Kegelmeyer, WP BE Loew, MH Hanson, KM TI Detecting circumscribed lesions with the Hough Transform SO MEDICAL IMAGING 1996: IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Medical Imaging 1996 CY FEB 12-15, 1996 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Dev & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diag Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE computer-aided diagnosis; mammogram screening; circumscribed lesion; dense feature maps; Hough Transform C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2085-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2710 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.237982 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF76L UT WOS:A1996BF76L00008 ER PT B AU Cunningham, GS Koyfman, I Hanson, KM AF Cunningham, GS Koyfman, I Hanson, KM BE Loew, MH Hanson, KM TI Improved convergence of gradient-based reconstructions using multi-scale models SO MEDICAL IMAGING 1996: IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Medical Imaging 1996 CY FEB 12-15, 1996 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Dev & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diag Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE snakes; active contours; deformable models; Bayesian analysis; global optimization C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2085-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2710 BP 145 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.237918 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF76L UT WOS:A1996BF76L00016 ER PT B AU Hanson, KM Bilisoly, RL Cunningham, GS AF Hanson, KM Bilisoly, RL Cunningham, GS BE Loew, MH Hanson, KM TI Kinky tomographic reconstruction SO MEDICAL IMAGING 1996: IMAGE PROCESSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Medical Imaging 1996 CY FEB 12-15, 1996 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Dev & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diag Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE active contours; deformable geometry; Akaike Information Criterion; Bayesian analysis; model-order selection C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2085-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2710 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1117/12.237919 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF76L UT WOS:A1996BF76L00017 ER PT J AU Lupu, R AF Lupu, R TI Heregulin as a marker for breast cancer tumor progression. SO MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XLI Scientific Meeting of the Sociedad-Argentina-de-Investigacion-Clinica CY NOV 01-04, 1996 CL PARANA, ARGENTINA SP Soc Argentina Investigac Clin RP Lupu, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICINA (BUENOS AIRES) PI BUENOS AIRES PA DONATO ALVAREZ 3150, 1427 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SN 0025-7680 J9 MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRE JI Med.-Buenos Aires PY 1996 VL 56 IS 5 BP 630 EP 631 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WB385 UT WOS:A1996WB38500006 ER PT S AU Sheen, DM Collins, HD Gribble, RP AF Sheen, DM Collins, HD Gribble, RP BE Weghorst, SJ Sieburg, HB Morgan, KS TI Wideband holographic three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of breast and liver phantoms SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY: HEALTH CARE IN THE INFORMATION AGE SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 4 Conference (MMVR4) CY JAN 17-20, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 90-5199-250-5 J9 ST HEAL T PY 1996 VL 29 BP 461 EP 470 PG 10 WC Medical Informatics SC Medical Informatics GA BF35T UT WOS:A1996BF35T00051 PM 10163776 ER PT S AU Littlefield, RJ Heiland, RW Macedonia, CR AF Littlefield, RJ Heiland, RW Macedonia, CR BE Weghorst, SJ Sieburg, HB Morgan, KS TI Virtual reality volumetric display techniques for three-dimensional medical SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY: HEALTH CARE IN THE INFORMATION AGE SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 4 Conference (MMVR4) CY JAN 17-20, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,ANALYT SCI & ENGN,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 90-5199-250-5 J9 ST HEAL T PY 1996 VL 29 BP 498 EP 510 PG 13 WC Medical Informatics SC Medical Informatics GA BF35T UT WOS:A1996BF35T00055 PM 10163779 ER PT J AU Aloia, JF Vaswani, A Ma, RM Flaster, E AF Aloia, JF Vaswani, A Ma, RM Flaster, E TI Aging in women - The four-compartment model of body composition SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; INVIVO; FAT; NITROGEN; BLACK AB The four-compartment model of body composition was examined in 155 white women through measurement of total body carbon (TBC), nitrogen (TEN), calcium (TBCa), and water levels. The age (mean +/- SD) of the population was 51.4 +/- 13.5 years, and values for the four compartments were as follows (in kilograms): protein 8.9 +/- 1.0, water 30.9 +/- 3.5, mineral 2.6 +/- 0.4, and fat 22.6 +/- 7.3. There was a linear change with age for protein and water, whereas mineral and fat were curvilinear. These latter two compartments also showed differences in premenopausal and postmenopausal rates of change. Various models were fit to the data to adjust for body size and age. Each of the four compartments (mineral, water, fat, and protein) changed with age, with fat increasing and the other compartments declining. The equation, y = age + age(2) + height + weight, fit the data as well as the other models. Equations are provided to assess body composition in populations with disorders of nutrition, as well as other illnesses, using height, weight, and age as covariates. Since this was a cross sectional study, longitudinal studies will have to be performed to confirm the accuracy of rates of change with age predicted with each compartment. Copyright (C) 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Aloia, JF (reprint author), WINTHROP UNIV HOSP,DEPT MED,259 1ST ST,MINEOLA,NY 11501, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR37520-05]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P01-DK42618] NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90198-5 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA TN888 UT WOS:A1996TN88800007 PM 8544776 ER PT B AU Steckle, WP Duke, JR Jorgensen, BS AF Steckle, WP Duke, JR Jorgensen, BS BE Pittman, CU Carraher, CE Zeldin, M Sheats, JE Culbertson, BM TI Cobalt dicarbollide containing polymer resins for cesium and strontium uptake SO METAL-CONTAINING POLYMERIC MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Containing Polymeric Materials, at the 208th National American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY AUG 20-25, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Chem Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45295-2 PY 1996 BP 277 EP 285 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BF13K UT WOS:A1996BF13K00022 ER PT S AU Jellinek, J AF Jellinek, J BE Russo, N Salahub, DR TI Theoretical dynamical studies of metal clusters and cluster-ligand systems SO METAL-LIGAND INTERACTIONS: STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Metal-Ligand Interactions - Structure and Reactivity CY SEP 04-16, 1994 CL CETRARO, ITALY SP NATO, CNR C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-3833-2 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 474 BP 325 EP 360 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BE86U UT WOS:A1996BE86U00012 ER PT S AU Samuels, JA Smith, DC Siebein, KN Salazar, K Tuenge, RT Schaus, CF King, CN Le, H Hitt, J Thuemler, RL Wager, JF AF Samuels, JA Smith, DC Siebein, KN Salazar, K Tuenge, RT Schaus, CF King, CN Le, H Hitt, J Thuemler, RL Wager, JF BE Desu, SB Beach, DB VanBuskirk, PC TI MOCVD of SrS and SrS:Ce thin films for electroluminescent flat panel displays SO METAL-ORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ELECTRONIC CERAMICS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Electronic Ceramics II Symposium, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-318-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 415 BP 15 EP 20 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF13Z UT WOS:A1996BF13Z00002 ER PT S AU Moss, TS Dye, RC Smith, DC Samuels, JA DelaRosa, MJ Schaus, CF AF Moss, TS Dye, RC Smith, DC Samuels, JA DelaRosa, MJ Schaus, CF BE Desu, SB Beach, DB VanBuskirk, PC TI MOCVD of the blue electro-luminescent phosphor CaGa2S4:Ce from a liquid reagent delivery system SO METAL-ORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ELECTRONIC CERAMICS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Electronic Ceramics II Symposium, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-318-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 415 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF13Z UT WOS:A1996BF13Z00003 ER PT S AU Beach, DB Vallet, CE AF Beach, DB Vallet, CE BE Desu, SB Beach, DB VanBuskirk, PC TI Mocvd of very thin films of lead lanthanum titanate SO METAL-ORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ELECTRONIC CERAMICS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Electronic Ceramics II Symposium, at the 1995 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CHEM & ANALYT SCI DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-318-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 415 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BF13Z UT WOS:A1996BF13Z00032 ER PT J AU Symons, DM Thompson, AW AF Symons, DM Thompson, AW TI The effect of hydrogen on the fracture of alloy X-750 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NICKEL; CRACKING; STEEL; MICROMECHANISMS; DEFORMATION; TOPOGRAPHY; NUCLEATION AB The effect of hydrogen on the fracture of a nickel-base superalloy, alloy X-750, was investigated in the HTH condition. The effect of hydrogen was examined through tensile testing incorporating observations from scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The ductility at 25 degrees C, as measured by elongation to failure for tensile specimens, was reduced from 21 pct for noncharged specimens to 7.3 pct for 5.7 ppm hydrogen and to 3.5 pct for 65 ppm hydrogen. The elongation to failure was a function of the strain rate and test temperature. For hydrogen-charged specimens, the elongation decreased as the strain rate decreased at a constant temperature, while for a constant strain rate and varying temperature, there was a maximum in embrittlement near 25 degrees C and no embrittlement at -196 degrees C. For the noncharged specimens, the elongation monotonically increased as temperature increased, while there was no noticeable effect of strain rate. Prestraining prior to charging dramatically decreased elongation after hydrogen charging. When the strain rate was increased on the prestrained specimens,more plastic deformation was observed prior to failure. Failure did not occur until the flow stress was reached, supporting the proposition that plasticity is required for failure. The intergranular failure mechanism in alloy X-750 was a microvoid initiation process at grain boundary carbides followed by void growth and coalescence. The void initiation strain, as determined from tensile data and from sectioning unfractured specimens, was observed to be much lower in the hydrogen-charged specimens as compared to noncharged specimens. The reduced ductility may be explained by either a reduction of the interfacial strength of the carbide-matrix interface or a local hydrogen pressure at the carbide-matrix interface. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Symons, DM (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP,BETTIS ATOM POWER LAB,W MIFFLIN,PA 15122, USA. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF02647750 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TN904 UT WOS:A1996TN90400009 ER PT J AU Taleff, EM Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Sherby, D AF Taleff, EM Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Sherby, D TI Pearlite in ultrahigh carbon steels: Heat treatments and mechanical properties SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FERRITE AB Two ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) alloys containing 1.5 and 1.8 wt pet carbon, respectively, were studied. These materials were processed into fully spheroidized microstructures and were then given heat treatments to form pearlite. The mechanical properties of the heat-treated materials were evaluated by tension tests at room temperature. Use of the hypereutectoid austenite-cementite to pearlite transformation enabled achievement of pearlitic microstructures with various interlamellar spacings. The yield strengths of the pearlitic steels are found to correlate with a predictive relation based on interlamellar spacing and pearlite colony size. Decreasing the pearlite interlamellar spacing increases the yield strength and the ultimate strength and decreases the tensile ductility. It is shown that solid solution alloying strongly influences the strength of pearlitic steels. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,MFG & MAT ENGN DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Taleff, EM (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,DEPT AEROSP ENGN & ENGN MECH,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 27 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1007/BF02647751 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TN904 UT WOS:A1996TN90400010 ER PT B AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD Kim, DK AF Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Sherby, OD Kim, DK BE Paris, HG Kim, DK TI Processing and mechanical behavior of hypereutectoid steel wires SO METALLURGY, PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS OF METAL WIRES: STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metallurgy, Processing and Applications of Metal Wires, State of the Art Technology and Challenges for the Future at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 06-10, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Non-Ferrous Met Comm, Ferrous Met Comm, Struct Mat Div TMS ID ULTRAHIGH-CARBON-STEELS; TRANSFORMATION AB Hypereutectoid steels have the potential for dramatically increasing the strength of wire used in tire cord and in other high strength wire applications. The basis for this possible breakthrough is the elimination of a brittle proeutectoid network that can form along grain boundaries if appropriate processing procedures and alloy additions are used. A review is made of work done by Japanese and other researchers on eutectoid and mildly hypereutectoid wires. A linear extrapolation of the tensile strength of fine wires predicts higher strengths at higher carbon contents. The influence of processing, alloy additions and carbon content in optimizing the strength, ductility and fracture behavior of hypereutectoid steels is presented. It is proposed that the tensile strength of pearlitic wires is dictated by the fracture strength of the carbide lamella at grain boundary locations in the carbide. Methods to improve the strength of carbide grain boundaries and to decrease the carbide plate thickness will contribute to enhancing the ultrahigh strength obtainable in hypereutectoid steel wires. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-348-1 PY 1996 BP 109 EP 121 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM46W UT WOS:000078825700009 ER PT S AU Schneider, S Geyer, U Thiyagarajan, P Busch, R Schulz, R Samwer, K Johnson, WL AF Schneider, S Geyer, U Thiyagarajan, P Busch, R Schulz, R Samwer, K Johnson, WL BE Schulz, R TI Phase separation and crystallization in the bulk amorphous Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 alloy SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-95) CY JUL 24-28, 1995 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, Laval Univ, McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Nat Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, Zoz GmbH, Siemens, Xerox Canada Ltee, Precitech DE bulk metallic glasses; phase separation; crystallization; small angle neutron scattering; transmission electron microscopy ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; GLASS-TRANSITION AB Phase separation and crystallization in the bulk metallic amorphous Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 alloy was investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All samples were measured after selected isothermal annealing of the samples at 623K, or after linear heating treatments. After an incubation time of about 100min, the SANS data of isothermally annealed samples show interference peaks at about q=0.5nm(-1), indicating a periodic variation in the scattering length density with a wavelength of about 12.5nm. These scattering length inhomogenities turn out to be nanocrystals with sizes of 2...4nm and a number density of about 10(18) cm(-3). TEM images also indicate the presence of nanocrystals in the isothermally annealed samples. DSC results show an additional crystallization event and a second glass transition temperature. During the heat treatment, a decomposition of the alloy on a length scale of 12.5nm occurs. This decomposition process precedes the crystallization and is assumed to be responsible for the observed periodic arrangement of the nanocrystals. Samples that crystallized during linear heating experiments do not show SANS interference peaks. They exhibit larger crystallites with a broad size distribution due to a different crystallization behavior. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. INST RECH HYDRO QUEBEC,VARENNES,PQ J3X 1S1,CANADA. UNIV AUGSBURG,INST PHYS,D-86159 AUGSBURG,GERMANY. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), CALTECH,KECK LAB ENGN MAT,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-738-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 225 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG37Y UT WOS:A1996BG37Y00007 ER PT S AU Schulz, DL Pehnt, M Curtis, CJ Ginley, DS AF Schulz, DL Pehnt, M Curtis, CJ Ginley, DS BE Schulz, R TI Spray deposition of CdTe thin films using nanoparticle precursors SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-95) CY JUL 24-28, 1995 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, Laval Univ, McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Nat Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, Zoz GmbH, Siemens, Xerox Canada Ltee, Precitech DE nanoparticle; CdTe; spray pyrolysis; spray deposition; thin film ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; ENERGY AB In this submission we report the use of nanoparticle precursors for the deposition of CdTe thin films. Capped CdTe nanoparticles (diameter = 30-50 Angstrom) were prepared by injection of a mixture of Cd(CH3)(2), (n-C8H17)(3)PTe, and (n-C8H17)(3)P into (n-C8H17)(3)PO at elevated temperatures. These nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), W-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM/EDS). CdTe thin film deposition was accomplished by forming a colloidal suspension of CdTe nanoparticles in a suitable organic solvent and then spraying the colloid onto SnO2-coated glass substrates at variable susceptor temperatures according to a one-step or two-step process. The one-step process yielded smooth and dense CdTe thin films using growth temperatures approximately 200 degrees C less than conventional spray pyrolysis approaches. CdTe films were characterized by XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). An increase in crystallinity and average grain size as determined by XRD was noted as growth temperature was increased from 240 to 300 degrees C. This temperature dependence of film grain size was further confirmed by AFM with no remnant nanocrystalline morphological features detected. The films obtained by the two-step process showed a dependence of crystallinity on annealing temperature. Atomic compositions determined by AES and EPMA showed nearly stoichiometric Cd and Te for both one- (T-gr = 300 degrees C) and two-step (T-anneal greater than or equal to 400 degrees C) deposited films; however, C impurities, presumably from the capping agent, were also detected. RP NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, 1617 COLE BLVD, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-738-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 225 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG37Y UT WOS:A1996BG37Y00024 ER PT S AU Cook, DC Kim, TH Rawers, JC AF Cook, DC Kim, TH Rawers, JC BE Schulz, R TI Microstructural development of iron powder during attritor ball-milling in nitrogen SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-95) CY JUL 24-28, 1995 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, Laval Univ, McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Nat Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, Zoz GmbH, Siemens, Xerox Canada Ltee, Precitech DE mechanical processing; ball-milling; bct-Fe; nitrogen infusion AB Iron powders were mechanically processed in an ATTRITOR ball-mill. Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize development of the nanocrystalline microstructure(s) as a function of processing time and environment. Processing in an inert gas environment resulted in a continuous decrease in grain size and after 150 hours of processing, produced 5-10 mu m particles with 5-10 nm grains. When processing in a nitrogen gas environment, the nitrogen concentration alloyed into the powder increased linearly with processing time. After approximately 50 hours of processing, and a nitrogen concentration of 0.5 wt%, a second 1-5 nm phase began to develop. The microstructure of this phase was determined to be bct-fe that developed on the surface of the grains as a result of cold-work induced stress and the presence of nitrogen at the grain boundary. Lattice d-spacing analysis and the components present in the Mossbauer spectra indicated the majority of the grain matrix was nitrogen free. The Mossbauer analysis also indicated that the majority of the alloyed nitrogen was distributed in a bct-Fe lattice. TEM examination of the mechanically processed powder was consistent with the X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer findings. C1 US BUR MINES,ALBANY RES CTR,ALBANY,OR 97321. RP Cook, DC (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-738-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 225 BP 533 EP 538 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG37Y UT WOS:A1996BG37Y00078 ER PT S AU Wasz, ML Schwarz, RB AF Wasz, ML Schwarz, RB BE Schulz, R TI Structure and properties of metal hydrides prepared by mechanical alloying SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-95) CY JUL 24-28, 1995 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Hydro Quebec, Laval Univ, McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Nat Sci & Engn Res Council Canada, Zoz GmbH, Siemens, Xerox Canada Ltee, Precitech DE mechanical alloying; metal hydrides; LaNi5; hydrogen storage; intermetallics ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN ABSORPTION; LANI5-YSNY; LANTHANUM; SYSTEM AB Our research examines the structure and reversible hydrogen storage capacity of alloys based on the LaNi5 intermetallic. The alloys are prepared by mechanical alloying (MA), a technique particularly useful when alloying LaNi5 with low melting point elements such as tin and calcium, In LaNi5-ySny, x-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis show that tin preferentially occupies the Ni(3g) sites in the LaNi5 structure, and the unit cell volume increases linearly with tin content to a maximum tin solubility of 7.33 atomic percent (LaNi4.56Sn0.44) The addition of tin to LaNi5 causes (a) a logarithmic decrease in the plateau pressures for hydrogen absorption and desorption, which is consistent with the corresponding increase in the volume of the LaNi5 unit cell; (b) a decrease in the hysteresis between the pressures for hydride formation and decomposition, which is in agreement with a recent theoretical model for the effect; and (c) a linear decrease in the hydrogen storage capacity. Effect (c) is explained by a rigid-band model whereby electrons donated by the tin atoms occupy holes in the 3d band of LaNi5, which could otherwise be occupied by electrons donated by the hydrogen atoms, Thermodynamic van't Hoff analysis for these alloys show an increase in hydride formation enthalpy and no change in entropy with increasing tin concentration. LaNi5 with calcium additions shows enhanced kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption. The powder particles prepared by MA have a larger surface area than particles of the same overall size prepared by are casting. All LaNi5-based alloys prepared by MA in an inert environment require no activation for hydrogen absorption and suffer less comminution upon hydriding/dehydriding. RP Wasz, ML (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-738-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 225 BP 859 EP 867 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG37Y UT WOS:A1996BG37Y00128 ER PT S AU Li, SP Eastman, JA Thompson, LJ Baldo, PM AF Li, SP Eastman, JA Thompson, LJ Baldo, PM BE Bormann, R Mazzone, G Shull, RD Averback, RS Ziolo, RF TI Synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 by electron beam evaporation SO METASTABLE PHASES AND MICROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metastable Phases and Microstructures CY NOV 27-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-303-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 400 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG08N UT WOS:A1996BG08N00014 ER PT S AU Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Keblinski, P AF Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Keblinski, P BE Bormann, R Mazzone, G Shull, RD Averback, RS Ziolo, RF TI Atomistic simulation of nanocrystalline materials SO METASTABLE PHASES AND MICROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Metastable Phases and Microstructures CY NOV 27-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-303-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 400 BP 115 EP 117 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG08N UT WOS:A1996BG08N00019 ER PT J AU Fiske, PS Putthapiban, P Wasson, JT AF Fiske, PS Putthapiban, P Wasson, JT TI Excavation and analysis of layered tektites from northeast Thailand: Results of 1994 field expedition SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALASIAN TEKTITES; ORIGIN; CONSTRAINTS; AGE AB We have analyzed the size, shape, composition, and spatial distribution of 6 kg of layered tektite fragments excavated from a 3 m x 3 m area near the town of Ban Huai Sai in northeast Thailand. Our analysis suggests that these fragments represent a single homogeneous mass that underwent fragmentation far in the past and has undergone little disturbance since its deposition. We have also studied the stratigraphic occurrence of layered tektites exposed in situ near the town of Ban Huai Om. Tektites were found along a disconformable paleo-erosion surface covered by recent aeolian sand, similar to other occurrences throughout Southeast Asia. This stratigraphic relationship provides little chronostratigraphic information and, thus, does nor support a stratigraphic ''age paradox'' for the Australasian tektites. The present-day surface density of layered tektites in this area is 2 to 20 g/m(2). C1 DEPT MINERAL RESOURCES,GEOL SURVEY DIV,BANGKOK,THAILAND. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. RP Fiske, PS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,L-413,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. OI Wasson, John/0000-0002-7253-2300 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TY454 UT WOS:A1996TY45400005 ER PT J AU Fiske, PS AF Fiske, PS TI Constraints on the formation of layered tektites from the excavation and analysis of layered tektites from northeast Thailand SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALASIAN TEKTITES AB The size, shape, composition, and vesicle content of 6 kg of layered tektite fragments, excavated near the town of Huai Sai, Thailand, place some constraints on the formation of layered tektites. The mass, shape, and distribution of the fragments are not consistent with an origin as a ''puddle'' of impact melt but suggest that they were derived from a single equant block. The presence of vesicles up to 7 mm in mean diameter within the tektite fragments suggests that the material was too viscous to allow for significant gravity-driven flow. These results suggest that layered tektites may be analogous to lava bombs, which may have been stretched and deformed in flight but underwent little flow after landing. Rather than being a product of ''unusual circumstances,'' such as multiple impacts, layered tektites may differ from splash-form tektites only in initial temperature of formation, speed of ejection, and small differences in initial composition. RP Fiske, PS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,L-413,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 31 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TY454 UT WOS:A1996TY45400006 ER PT B AU Tobin, KW Gleason, SS Karnowski, TP SariSarraf, H Bennett, MH AF Tobin, KW Gleason, SS Karnowski, TP SariSarraf, H Bennett, MH BE Jones, SK TI An image paradigm for semiconductor defect data reduction SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual SPIE Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY MAR 11-13, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE semiconductor; automation; yield enhancement; defect detection; image processing; morphology; pattern; recognition C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,IMAGE SCI & MACHINE VIS GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2101-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2725 BP 194 EP 205 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92W UT WOS:A1996BF92W00019 ER PT B AU Feddema, JT Rivera, JJ Tucker, SD AF Feddema, JT Rivera, JJ Tucker, SD GP IEEE TI Knowledge assistant: A sensor fusion framework for robotic environmental characterization SO MF '96 - 1996 IEEE/SICE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISENSOR FUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE/SICE/RSJ International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems CY DEC 08-11, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Robot Soc Japan AB A prototype sensor fusion framework called the ''Knowledge Assistant'' has been developed and tested on a gantry robot at Sandia National Laboratories. This Knowledge Assistant guides the robot operator during the planning, execution, and post analysis stages of the characterization process. During the planning stage, the Knowledge Assistant suggests robot paths and speeds based on knowledge of sensors available and their physical characteristics. During execution, the Knowledge Assistant coordinates the collection of data through a data acquisition ''specialist.'' During execution and post analysis, the Knowledge Assistant sends raw data to other ''specialists,'' which include statistical pattern recognition software, a neural network, and model-based search software. After the specialists return their results, the Knowledge Assistant consolidates the information and returns a report to the robot control system where the sensed objects and their attributes (e.g. estimated dimensions, weight, material composition, etc.) are displayed in the world model. This paper highlights the major components of this system. RP Feddema, JT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3700-X PY 1996 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1109/MFI.1996.572245 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BG88Y UT WOS:A1996BG88Y00089 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV GP IEEE TI Distributed decision fusion using empirical estimation SO MF '96 - 1996 IEEE/SICE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISENSOR FUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE/SICE/RSJ International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems CY DEC 08-11, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Robot Soc Japan AB The problem of optimal data fusion an multiple detector systems is studied in the case where training examples are available, but no a priori information is available about the probability distributions of errors committed by the individual detectors. Earlier solutions to this problem require some knowledge of the error distributions of the detectors, for example, either in a parametric form or in a closed analytical form. Here we show that, given a sufficiently large training sample, an optimal fusion rule can be implemented with an arbitrary level of confidence. We first consider the classical cases of Bayesian rule and Neymann-Pearson test for a system of independent detectors. Then we show a general result that any test function with a suitable Lipschitz property can be implemented with arbitrary precision, based on a training sample whose size is a function of the Lipschitz constant, number of parameters, and empirical measures. The general case subsumes the cases of non-independent and correlated detectors. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENGN SYST ADV RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3700-X PY 1996 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1109/MFI.1996.572305 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BG88Y UT WOS:A1996BG88Y00092 ER PT S AU Carlsten, BE Feldman, DW KinrossWright, JM Milder, ML Russell, SJ Plato, JG Sherwood, BA Weber, ME Cooper, RG Sturges, RE AF Carlsten, BE Feldman, DW KinrossWright, JM Milder, ML Russell, SJ Plato, JG Sherwood, BA Weber, ME Cooper, RG Sturges, RE BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Subpicosecond compression experiments at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 21 EP 35 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00003 ER PT S AU Holtzapple, RL Decker, FJ Simopoulos, C AF Holtzapple, RL Decker, FJ Simopoulos, C BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Bunch compression at the Stanford Linear Collider SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00004 ER PT S AU Yeremian, AD Miller, RH AF Yeremian, AD Miller, RH BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI NLC electron injector beam dynamics SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00008 ER PT S AU Zimmermann, F Raubenheimer, TO AF Zimmermann, F Raubenheimer, TO BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Compensation of longitudinal nonlinearities in the NLC bunch compressor SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 84 EP 93 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00009 ER PT S AU Raubenheimer, TO AF Raubenheimer, TO BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Summary of the linac working group SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 94 EP 106 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00010 ER PT S AU Murphy, JB AF Murphy, JB BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Issues and state of the art for short bunches in e(+)/e(-) storage rings SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00011 ER PT S AU Bane, KLF Sands, M AF Bane, KLF Sands, M BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI The short-range resistive wall wakefields SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 131 EP 149 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00013 ER PT S AU Robin, D Hama, H Nadji, A AF Robin, D Hama, H Nadji, A BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Experimental results on low alpha electron-storage rings SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 150 EP 164 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00014 ER PT S AU Robin, D Alvis, R Jackson, A Holtzapple, R Podobedov, B AF Robin, D Alvis, R Jackson, A Holtzapple, R Podobedov, B BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Low alpha experiments at the ALS SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00016 ER PT S AU Bane, K Krinsky, S Murphy, JB AF Bane, K Krinsky, S Murphy, JB BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Longitudinal potential well distortion due to the synchrotron radiation wakefield SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 191 EP 198 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00017 ER PT S AU Byrd, JM Holtzapple, R Podobedov, B AF Byrd, JM Holtzapple, R Podobedov, B BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Single-bunch collective effects in the advanced light source SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 236 EP 244 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00022 ER PT S AU Heifets, SA Zolotorev, M AF Heifets, SA Zolotorev, M BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Bunch heating by coherent synchrotron radiation SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 256 EP 262 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00024 ER PT S AU Johnstone, C Ng, KY AF Johnstone, C Ng, KY BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Interaction regions for a muon collider SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00025 ER PT S AU Trbojevic, D Ng, KY Courant, ED Lee, SY Johnstone, C Gallardo, J Palmer, R Tepikian, S AF Trbojevic, D Ng, KY Courant, ED Lee, SY Johnstone, C Gallardo, J Palmer, R Tepikian, S BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Design of the muon collider isochronous storage ring lattice SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00026 ER PT S AU Krinsky, S AF Krinsky, S BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Storage ring working group report SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00028 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH AF Lumpkin, AH BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Time-domain diagnostics in the picosecond regime SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 327 EP 340 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00032 ER PT S AU Blum, EB AF Blum, EB BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Short bunch research at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00033 ER PT S AU Wiedelann, H AF Wiedelann, H BE Blum, EB Dienes, M Murphy, JB TI Summary of discussions in the radiation working group SO MICRO BUNCHES WORKSHOP SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micro Bunches Workshop CY SEP 28-30, 1995 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, US DOE HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,SSRL,SLAC,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-555-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 367 BP 512 EP 517 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BF35Z UT WOS:A1996BF35Z00053 ER PT B AU Palmer, RJ Hirsch, P AF Palmer, RJ Hirsch, P BE Heitz, E Flemming, HC Sand, W TI Weathered stone: Biomass, community structure, and nutrients SO MICROBIALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION OF MATERIALS: SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microbial Influenced Corrosion of Materials - Scientific and Engineering Aspects CY 1993 CL LAHNSTEIN, GERMANY SP DECHEMA, Working Party Mat Degradat & Protect C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY BN 3-540-60432-4 PY 1996 BP 297 EP 309 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microbiology SC Materials Science; Microbiology GA BG58E UT WOS:A1996BG58E00020 ER PT J AU Chen, A Concus, P Finn, R Weislogel, M AF Chen, A Concus, P Finn, R Weislogel, M TI On cylindrical container sections for a capillary free-surface experiment SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Mathematical theory predicts that small changes in container shape or in contact angle can give rise to large shifts of liquid in a microgravity environment. For studying such shifts, certain container shapes are described, which have been designed for the Glovebox Interface Configuration Experiment on board the Space Shuttle USML-2 mission. These are in the form of a circular cylinder with two diametrically opposed ''canonical proboscis'' protrusions. Computational studies indicate that the containers can be designed to have the desirable properties that sufficient liquid will participate in the shift to permit easy observation, and that the change wilt be abrupt enough to allow accurate determination of critical contact angle. The behavior in pre-flight drop tower experiments is depicted. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. RP Chen, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,50A-2152,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 860420, W-8163 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA XG061 UT WOS:A1996XG06100008 ER PT B AU Lai, B Mancini, DC Yun, W Gluskin, E AF Lai, B Mancini, DC Yun, W Gluskin, E BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI Beamline and exposure station for deep x-ray lithography at the advanced photon source SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE x-ray lithography; micromachining; LIGA; high-aspect-ratio microstructures; x-ray scanner C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00017 ER PT B AU Egert, CM Wood, R Malek, CK AF Egert, CM Wood, R Malek, CK BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI Dimensional variation and roughness of LIGA fabricated microstructures SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE LIGA; deep x-ray lithography; MEMS; micro-manufacturing; assembly; dimensional variation; roughness C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 200 EP 209 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00021 ER PT B AU Song, JJ Kang, YW Kustom, RL Lai, B Mancini, DC Nassiri, A AF Song, JJ Kang, YW Kustom, RL Lai, B Mancini, DC Nassiri, A BE Postek, MT Friedrich, C TI Fabrication of mm-wave undulator linear accelerator cavities, using deep x-ray SO MICROLITHOGRAPHY AND METROLOGY IN MICROMACHINING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual SPIE Conference on Microlithography and Metrology in Micromachining CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, NIST, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE LIGA; DXRL; x-ray lithography; high-aspect-ratio micromachining; microfabrication; microelectroplating; synchrotron radiation; mmwave; undulator; linac; RF cavity C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2278-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2880 BP 288 EP 294 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG36S UT WOS:A1996BG36S00031 ER PT B AU Miller, SL Sniegowski, JJ LaVigne, G McWhorter, PJ AF Miller, SL Sniegowski, JJ LaVigne, G McWhorter, PJ BE Chau, K Roop, RM TI Performance tradeoffs for a surface micromachined microengine SO MICROMACHINED DEVICES AND COMPONENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micromachined Devices and Components, at the SPIE 1996 Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE microengine; actuator; modeling C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2280-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2882 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1117/12.250702 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41P UT WOS:A1996BG41P00019 ER PT B AU Eaton, WP Smith, JH AF Eaton, WP Smith, JH BE Chau, K Roop, RM TI Planar surface-micromachined pressure sensor with a sub-surface, embedded reference pressure cavity SO MICROMACHINED DEVICES AND COMPONENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Micromachined Devices and Components, at the SPIE 1996 Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE embedded MEMS; pressure sensor; pressure transducer; vacuum encapsulation C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,INTEGRATED MICROMECH MICROSENSORS & CMOS TECHNOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2280-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2882 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1117/12.250711 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41P UT WOS:A1996BG41P00027 ER PT B AU Fleming, JG Barron, CC AF Fleming, JG Barron, CC BE Pang, SW Chang, SC TI Characterization and application of deep Si trench etching SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology II, at the 1996 SPIE Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE trench etching; micromachining; ECR; SF6-O-2 C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2277-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2879 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41M UT WOS:A1996BG41M00008 ER PT B AU Eaton, WP Smith, JH Jarecki, RL AF Eaton, WP Smith, JH Jarecki, RL BE Pang, SW Chang, SC TI Release-etch modeling for complex surface micromachined structures SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology II, at the 1996 SPIE Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE release etch; surface micromachining C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,INTEGRATED MICROMECH MICROSENSORS & CMOS TECNOL D,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2277-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2879 BP 80 EP 93 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41M UT WOS:A1996BG41M00009 ER PT B AU Sniegowski, JJ AF Sniegowski, JJ BE Pang, SW Chang, SC TI Chemical-mechanical polishing: Enhancing the manufacturability of MEMS SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology II, at the 1996 SPIE Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE surface micromachining; polysilicon; microelectromechanical systems; chemical mechanical polishing; planarization C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT MICROMACHINES DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2277-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2879 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.251237 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41M UT WOS:A1996BG41M00011 ER PT B AU Dyck, CW Smith, JH Miller, SL Russick, EM Adkins, CLJ AF Dyck, CW Smith, JH Miller, SL Russick, EM Adkins, CLJ BE Pang, SW Chang, SC TI Supercritical carbon dioxide solvent extraction from surface-micromachined micromechanical structures SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology II, at the 1996 SPIE Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE supercritical carbon dioxide; drying; surface micromachining; stiction; adhesion; release process; yield; microengines; cantilevers; solvent extraction C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,CMOS TECHNOL DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2277-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2879 BP 225 EP 235 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41M UT WOS:A1996BG41M00023 ER PT B AU Smith, JH Montague, S Sniegowski, JJ Murray, JR Manginell, RP McWhorter, PJ Huber, RJ AF Smith, JH Montague, S Sniegowski, JJ Murray, JR Manginell, RP McWhorter, PJ Huber, RJ BE Pang, SW Chang, SC TI Characterization of the embedded micromechanical device approach to the monolithic integration of MEMS with CMOS SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology II, at the 1996 SPIE Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication CY OCT 14-15, 1996 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor equipment & Mat Int, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Labs DE integration; micromechanics; CMOS; CMP; intelligent micromachines C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,INTELLIGENT MICROMACHINES DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2277-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2879 BP 306 EP 314 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41M UT WOS:A1996BG41M00034 ER PT S AU Sandi, G Carrado, KA Winans, RE Brenner, JR Zajac, GW AF Sandi, G Carrado, KA Winans, RE Brenner, JR Zajac, GW BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Designer carbons templated by pillared clays: Lithium secondary battery anodes SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB This work describes the designed synthesis and physical characterization of carbons containing predictable microporosity. The approach is to pyrolyze aromatic hydrocarbons such as pyrene within a pillared clay. The pillared clay serves two functions. It performs as the inorganic template around which the designer carbon can be formed, and it acts as an acid catalyst to promote condensation of the aromatics similar to the Scholl reaction. These precursors then undergo thermal polymerization and carbonization at 700 degrees C. Removal of the pillared clay template is accomplished by standard acid demineralization techniques, leaving behind carbons with 15 to 50 Angstrom holes. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00006 ER PT S AU Anderson, MT Martin, JE Odinek, JG Newcomer, P Wilcoxon, JP AF Anderson, MT Martin, JE Odinek, JG Newcomer, P Wilcoxon, JP BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Periodic mesoporous silica gels SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have synthesized monolithic particulate gels of periodic mesoporous silica by adding tetramethoxysilane to a homogeneous alkaline micellar precursor solution. The gels exhibit 5 characteristic length scales over 4 orders of magnitude: fractal domains larger than the particle size (>500 nm), particles that are similar to 150 to 500 nm in diameter, interparticle pores that are on the order of the particle size, a feature in the gas adsorption measurements that indicates pores similar to 10-50 nm, and periodic hexagonal arrays of similar to 3 nm channels within each particle. The wet gel monoliths exhibit calculated densities as low as similar to 0.02 g/cc; the dried and calcined gels have hulk densities that range from similar to 0.3-0.5 g/cc. The materials possess large interparticle (similar to 1.0-2.3 cc/g) and intraparticle (similar to 0.6 cc/g) porosities. RP Anderson, MT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00015 ER PT S AU Gross, J Alviso, CT Pekala, RW AF Gross, J Alviso, CT Pekala, RW BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Structural evolution in carbon aerogels as a function of precursor material and pyrolysis temperature SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Several organic reactions that proceed through a sol-gel transition have been identified at LLNL. The most-studied reaction involves the aqueous polycondensation of resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) with formaldehyde. Recently, we have shown that phenol can be added to this polymerization as a comonomer. The resultant crosslinked gels are supercritically dried from carbon dioxide (T-c = 31 degrees C, P-c = 7.4 MPa) to give resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde (RPF) aerogels. Because RPF aerogels are composed of a highly crosslinked aromatic polymer, they can be pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere to form vitreous carbon monoliths (CRPF). The resultant aerogels are black in color and no longer transparent, yet they retain the high porosity (40-98%), ultrafine cell/pore size (< 50 nm), high surface area (600-800 m(2)/g), and interconnected particle (similar to 10 nm) morphology of their organic precursors. In this study, we examine the acoustic and mechanical properties of these materials as a function of precursor material and pyrolysis temperature. It is shown that the elastic moduli of RPF and CRPF is higher than that of pure RF/CRF aerogels at a given density. Upon pyrolysis RPF aerogels tend to shrink to a larger extent. RP Gross, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00019 ER PT S AU Szanyi, J Paffett, MT AF Szanyi, J Paffett, MT BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Coadsorption of nitriles and CO on Cu-ZSM-5: An in situ FTIR spectroscopic study SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The coadsorption of acetonitrile (ACN) or deuterated acetonitrile (dACN) with CO at Cu-ZSM-5 reveals several interesting features concerning the partial valency of Cu. Specifically, CO binds at Cu+1 and Cu degrees centers (in the absence of preadsorbed ACN) and exhibits C-O stretching frequencies of 2157 cm(-1) and 2112 cm(-1), respectively. Carbon monoxide readily adsorbs at an ACN (or dACN) saturated Cu-ZSM-5 and exhibits a C-O stretch of 2122 cm(-1), a value more consistent with a partially reduced Cu+1 center. Furthermore, the IR cross section for the CN stretch in a number of nitriles (ACN, dACN, and benzonitrile) coadsorbed with CO displays interesting effects attributed to rehybridization and changes in CN dipole moment. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00023 ER PT S AU Tallant, DR Kelly, MJ Guilinger, TR Simpson, RL AF Tallant, DR Kelly, MJ Guilinger, TR Simpson, RL BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Porous silicon structural evolution from in-situ luminescence and Raman measurements SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We performed in-situ photoluminescence and Raman measurements on an anodized silicon surface in the HF/ethanol solution used for anodization. The porous silicon thereby produced, while resident in HF/ethanol, does not immediately exhibit intense photoluminescence. Intense photoluminescence develops spontaneously in HF/ethanol after 18-24 hours or with replacement of the HF/ethanol with water. These results support a quantum confinement mechanism in which exciton migration to traps and nonradiative recombination dominates the de-excitation pathways until silicon nanocrystals are physically separated and energetically decoupled by hydrofluoric acid etching or surface oxidation. The porous silicon surface, as produced by anodization, shows large differences in photoluminescence intensity and peak wavelength over millimeter distances. Parallel Raman measurements implicate nanometer-size silicon particles in the photoluminescence mechanism. RP Tallant, DR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00026 ER PT S AU Samuel, J Hurd, AJ vanSwol, F Frink, LJD Brinker, CJ Contakes, SC AF Samuel, J Hurd, AJ vanSwol, F Frink, LJD Brinker, CJ Contakes, SC BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Preparation of microporous films with sub nanometer pores and their characterization using stress and FTIR measurements SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have used a novel technique, measurement of stress isotherms in microporous thin films, as a means of characterizing porosity. The stress measurement was carried out by applying sol-gel thin films on a thin silicon substrate and monitoring the curvature of the substrate under a controlled atmosphere of various vapors. The magnitude of macroscopic bending stress developed in microporous films depends on the relative pressure and molar volume of the adsorbate and reaches a value of 180 MPa for a relative vapor pressure, P/Po = 0.001, of methanol. By using a series of molecules, and observing both the magnitude and the kinetics of stress development while changing the relative pressure, we have determined the pore size of microporous thin films. FTIR measurements were used to acquire adsorption isotherms and to compare pore emptying to stress development. about 80% of the change in stress takes place with no measurable change in the amount adsorbed. We show that for sol-gel films, pore diameters can be controlled in the range of 5 - 8 Angstrom by ''solvent templating''. RP Samuel, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CERAM PROC SCI DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00028 ER PT S AU Anderson, MT Martin, JE Odinek, JG Newcomer, P AF Anderson, MT Martin, JE Odinek, JG Newcomer, P BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Synthesis of periodic mesoporous silica thin films SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have synthesized periodic mesoporous silica thin films (PMSTF) from homogeneous solutions. To synthesize the films a thin layer of a pH = 7 micellar coating solution that contains TMOS is dip- or spin-coated onto silicon wafers, borosilicate glass, or quartz substrates. Ammonia gas is diffused into the solution and causes rapid hydrolysis and condensation of the TMOS and the formation of periodic mesoporous thin films within similar to 10 seconds. The combination of homogeneous solutions and rapid product formation maximizes the concentration of desired product and provides a controlled, predictable microstructure. The films have been made continuous and crack-free by optimizing initial silica concentration and film thickness. RP Anderson, MT (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00033 ER PT S AU Liu, J Bontha, JR Kim, AY Baskaran, S AF Liu, J Bontha, JR Kim, AY Baskaran, S BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Preparation of continuous mesoporous films on porous and dense substrates SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB High quality, continuous mesoporous films are prepared on both porous and dense substrates. An interfacial reaction mechanism is used to grow mesoporous films within the pores of porous supports using a diffusion cell reactor. The porous support was placed between two compartments containing a silicate solution in one compartment and a surfactant solution in the other. The silicate and surfactant solutions diffused into the support to form a mesoporous film at the liquid-liquid interface. This method produces a transparent film free from large defects. Spin-coating technique is also used to prepare mesoporous films on dense substrates. These films have uniform thickness and show well-defined interference depending on the film thickness. RP Liu, J (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,BATTELLE BLVD,BOX 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00036 ER PT S AU Poco, JF Coronado, PR Pekala, RW Hrubesh, LW AF Poco, JF Coronado, PR Pekala, RW Hrubesh, LW BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI A rapid supercritical extraction process for the production of silica aerogels SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Silica aerogels are a special class of porous materials in which both the pore size and interconnected particle size have nanometer dimensions. This structure imparts unique optical, thermal, acoustic, and electrical properties to these materials. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle x-ray scattering show that this nanostructure is sensitive to variations in processing conditions that influence crosslinking chemistry and growth processes prior to gelation. Recently, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has demonstrated that a Rapid Supercritical Extraction (RSCE) process can be used to prepare near-net shape silica aerogels in hows rather than days. Preliminary data from RSCE silica aerogels show that they have improved mechanical properties and slightly lower surface areas than their conventionally dried counterparts, while not compromising their optical and thermal performance. RP Poco, JF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00044 ER PT S AU Baugher, BM Loy, DA AF Baugher, BM Loy, DA BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Sol-gel polymerization of tetraalkoxygermanium and organotrialkoxygermanium monomers SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB While the sol-gel polymerizations of tetraalkoxy- and organotrialkoxysilanes have been extensively studied, there have been few reports of similar investigations with the analogous tetraalkoxygermanium and organotrialkoxygermanium compounds. Germanium alkoxides have received less attention due, in part to their higher cost, but also their greater reactivity towards hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Germanium oxide materials are potentially interesting because the Ge-O-Ge linkage is labile (compared with the siloxane bond in silica gels and polysilsesquioxanes) opening up the possibility of further chemical modification of the polymeric architecture. This may permit hydrolytic reorganization of germanium oxide networks under relatively mild conditions. In this paper, we will present the results of our investigations of the sol-gel polymerizations of tetraethoxygermanium 1, tetraisopropoxygermanium 2, and methyltriethoxy-germanium 3 to afford network materials as both xerogels and aerogels. RP Baugher, BM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,PROPERTIES ORGAN MAT DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00048 ER PT S AU Tran, TD Spellman, LM Pekala, RW Goldberger, WM Kinoshita, K AF Tran, TD Spellman, LM Pekala, RW Goldberger, WM Kinoshita, K BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Graphitized needle cokes and natural graphites for lithium intercalation SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc RP Tran, TD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00060 ER PT S AU Tran, TD Alviso, CT Hulsey, SS Nielsen, JK Pekala, RW AF Tran, TD Alviso, CT Hulsey, SS Nielsen, JK Pekala, RW BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI A comparison of the electrochemical behavior of carbon aerogels and activated carbon fiber cloths SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The electrochemical capacitative behavior of carbon aerogels and selected commercial carbon fiber cloths was studied in 5M potassium hydroxide, 3M sulfuric acid, and 0.5M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate electrolytes. The resorcinolformaldehyde based carbon aerogels with a range of density (0.2-0.85 g/cc) have open-cell structures with ultrafine pore sizes (similar to 5-50 nm), high surface area (400-700 m(2)/g), and a solid matrix composed of interconnected particles or fibers with characteristic diameters of 10 nm. The commercial fiber cloths in the density range 0.2-0.4 g/cc have high surface areas (1000-2500 m(2)/g). The volumetric capacitances of high-density aerogels are shown to be comparable to or exceeding those obtained from activated carbon fibers. The electrochemical behavior of these types of materials in various electrolytes is compared and related to their physical properties. RP Tran, TD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 461 EP 465 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00070 ER PT S AU Steckle, WP Mitchell, MA Apen, PG AF Steckle, WP Mitchell, MA Apen, PG BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Tailoring the pore size of hypercrosslinked polymer foams SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Organic analogues to inorganic zeolites would be a significant step forward in engineered porous materials and would provide advantages in range, selectivity, tailorability and processing. Rigid molecular foams or ''organic zeolites'' would not be crystalline materials and could be tailored over a broader range of pore sizes and volumes. A novel process for preparing hypercrosslinked polymeric foams has been developed via a Friedel-Crafts polycondensation reaction. A series of rigid hypercrosslinked foams have been prepared using simple rigid polyaromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl, diphenylmethane, and polystyrene, with p-dichloroxylene (DCX) or divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinking agent. Transparent gels are formed suggesting avery small pore size. After drying the foams are robust and rigid. Densities of the resulting foams can range from 0.15 g/cc to 0.75 g/cc. Nitrogen adsorption studies have shown that by judiciously selecting monomers and crosslinking agent along with the level of crosslinking and the cure time of the resulting gel, the pore size, pore size distribution, and the total surface area of the foam can be tailored. Surface areas range from 160 to 1,200 m(2)/g with pore sizes ranging from 6 Angstrom to 2,000 Angstrom. Further evidence of the uniformity of the foams and their pore sizes has been confirmed by high resolution TEM. RP Steckle, WP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MST-7,MS E-549,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87455, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00073 ER PT S AU Alviso, CT Pekala, RW Gross, J Lu, X Caps, R Fricke, J AF Alviso, CT Pekala, RW Gross, J Lu, X Caps, R Fricke, J BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Resorcinol-formaldehyde and carbon aerogel microspheres SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Aerogels are a unique class of materials possessing an open-cell structure with ultrafine cells/pores (<100 nm), high surface area (400-1100 m(2)/g), and a solid matrix composed of interconnected particles, fibers, or platelets with characteristic dimensions of 10 nm. Although monolithic aerogels are ideal candidates for many applications (e.g. transparent window insulation), current processing methods have limited their introduction into the commercial marketplace. Our research focuses on the formation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel microspheres which offer an attractive alternative to monolith production. An inverse emulsion polymerization is used to produce these spherical gel particles which undergo solvent exchange followed by supercritical drying with carbon dioxide. This process yields aerogel microspheres (10-80 mu diameter) which can be used as loosely packed powders, compression molded into near-net shapes using a polymer binder, or used as additives in conventional foaming operations to produce new aerogel composites with superior thermal properties. The emulsification procedure, thermal characterization, mechanical properties, and potential applications of RF aerogel microspheres will be discussed. RP Alviso, CT (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CHEM & MAT SCI DIRECTORATE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 521 EP 525 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00078 ER PT S AU Hoisington, MA Duke, JR Langlois, DA AF Hoisington, MA Duke, JR Langlois, DA BE Lobo, RF Beck, JS Suib, SL Corbin, DR Davis, ME Iton, LE Zones, SI TI Improving thermal performance of high internal phase emulsion polymerized foams with maleimide based monomers SO MICROPOROUS AND MACROPOROUS MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microporous and Macroporous Materials CY APR 08-11, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The influence of three N-substituted maleimides on the thermal performance of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerized foams were investigated. N-propylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide were copolymerized with styrene and crosslinked with either divinylbenzene or Bis(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-maleimide-phenyl)methane in a HIPE polymerization process. All maleimide modifiers produced increases in the foam glass transition temperature (Tg) as a function of the maleimide concentration. The degree of Tg improvement was strongly dependent on the N-substituted maleimide used during processing. RP Hoisington, MA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,POLYMERS & COATINGS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-334-7 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1996 VL 431 BP 539 EP 544 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BG72D UT WOS:A1996BG72D00081 ER PT B AU Daugherty, WL Vormelker, PR AF Daugherty, WL Vormelker, PR BE Liaw, PK Viswanathan, R Murty, KL Frear, D Simonen, EP TI Assessment of remaining service life of 1Cr-0.5Mo steam piping SO MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AGING MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Aging Materials II, at the 124th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Nucl Mat Comm, Electr & Photon Device Mat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB A Savannah River Site power plant has been in operation for approximately 40 years, producing electricity and process steam for the site. This coal-fired plant employs 1Cr-0.5Mo steam piping which is exposed to temperatures up to about 500 C (925 F) in service. With applied loads on the order of 69 MPa (10 ksi), this pipe is at the lower bound of conditions that might lead to service-induced creep damage. Efforts to characterize the creep damage to date and predict the remaining service life are two-fold, employing microstructural characterization (through the use of insitu metallography) and analytic predictions based on constitutive equations and creep data available in the literature. This effort is part of an overall program to evaluate life extension of this power plant versus new construction. The literature contains many examples of efforts to correlate microstructural changes to the extent of creep damage and remaining service life. A brief review identified examples as far back as the 1950s. Given the attention this subject has received over the years, it would appear the concepts and techniques involved have certainly matured to the point where this means of life prediction can be considered a standard tool in the engineer's arsenal. In this regard, a comparison is made between this approach to life extension and an analytical approach based on basic creep data and constitutive equations. Possible pitfalls of each method are discussed. It is concluded that both approaches can offer valuable insights depending on the circumstances of the situation at hand. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Daugherty, WL (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 730-A,POB 616, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-339-2 PY 1996 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BM48F UT WOS:000078869800007 ER PT S AU Kiggans, JO Tiegs, TN Davisson, CC Morrow, MS Garvey, GJ AF Kiggans, JO Tiegs, TN Davisson, CC Morrow, MS Garvey, GJ BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Scale-up of the nitridation and sintering of silicon preforms using microwave heating SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI kiggans, james/E-1588-2017 OI kiggans, james/0000-0001-5056-665X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00001 ER PT S AU Paulauskas, FL Meek, TT Warren, CD AF Paulauskas, FL Meek, TT Warren, CD BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Adhesive bonding via exposure to microwave radiation and resulting mechanical evaluation SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc DE composite bonding; adhesives; microwave processing; single lap-shear test C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,ENGN TECHNOL DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00031 ER PT S AU Perry, WL Katz, JD Rees, D Paffett, MT Datye, A AF Perry, WL Katz, JD Rees, D Paffett, MT Datye, A BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Kinetics of the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction under microwave heating SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 391 EP 395 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00059 ER PT S AU Menchhofer, PA Morrow, MS Kiggans, JO Schechter, DE AF Menchhofer, PA Morrow, MS Kiggans, JO Schechter, DE BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI A comparison study on the densification behavior and mechanical properties of gelcast versus conventionally formed B4C sintered conventionally and by microwaves SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Menchhofer, Paul/E-1529-2017; kiggans, james/E-1588-2017 OI Menchhofer, Paul/0000-0001-9475-314X; kiggans, james/0000-0001-5056-665X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00071 ER PT S AU Paulauskas, FL McMillan, AD Warren, CD AF Paulauskas, FL McMillan, AD Warren, CD BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Adhesive bonding via exposure to variable frequency microwave radiation SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 493 EP 506 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00076 ER PT S AU Vogt, GJ Regan, A Rohlev, A Curtin, M AF Vogt, GJ Regan, A Rohlev, A Curtin, M BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Microwave process control through a traveling wave tube source SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 513 EP 518 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00078 ER PT S AU White, TL Bostick, WD Wilson, CT Schaich, CR AF White, TL Bostick, WD Wilson, CT Schaich, CR BE Iskander, MF Kiggans, JO Bolomey, JC TI Design of microwave vitrification systems for radioactive waste SO MICROWAVE PROCESSING OF MATERIALS V SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th MRS Symposium on Microwave Processing of Materials, at the 1996 MRS Spring Meeting - Science and Applications of the Microwave Processing Technology CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-333-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 430 BP 541 EP 548 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG61X UT WOS:A1996BG61X00082 ER PT J AU Janssens, K Vincze, L Vekemans, B Aerts, A Adams, F Jones, KW Knochel, A AF Janssens, K Vincze, L Vekemans, B Aerts, A Adams, F Jones, KW Knochel, A TI Synchrotron radiation induced X-ray microfluorescence analysis SO MIKROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop of the European-Microanalysis-Society on Modern Developments and Applications in Microbeam Analysis CY MAY, 1995 CL ST MALO, FRANCE SP European Microanal Soc DE synchrotron radiation; microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis; X-ray fluorescence analysis; trace elements; procelain analysis; fluid inclusions; archeological glass ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; SYNTHETIC FLUID INCLUSIONS; FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS; HOMOGENEOUS SAMPLES; MICROPROBE ANALYSIS; CHINESE PORCELAINS; CAPILLARY OPTICS; SPECTROMETERS AB mu-XRF is the microscopic equivalent of the well-established multielement analytical technique. In this paper, after comparing the interaction of X-ray photons, electrons and protons with matter and an introduction to synchrotron rings and microfocussing of X-rays, the instrumentation for mu-XRF is discussed, both for laboratory source and synchrotron based setups and the analytical characteristics of mu-XRF are contrasted to that of other microanalytical techniques, Also, this issue of quantification of mu-XRF data is addressed; the applicability of the method in archeological and geological analysis is illustrated. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV HAMBURG,DEPT CHEM,D-20146 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RP Janssens, K (reprint author), UNIV ANTWERP,DEPT CHEM,B-2610 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. RI Janssens, Koen/B-8049-2011 OI Janssens, Koen/0000-0002-6752-6408 NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0026-3672 J9 MIKROCHIM ACTA JI Mikrochim. Acta PY 1996 SU 13 BP 87 EP 115 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA VT823 UT WOS:A1996VT82300006 ER PT J AU Pennycook, SJ Jesson, DE Browning, ND Chisholm, MF AF Pennycook, SJ Jesson, DE Browning, ND Chisholm, MF TI Microanalysis at atomic resolution SO MIKROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE electron microscope; Z-contrast; spatially resolved analysis; microprobe; high resolution imaging ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SCANNING MICROSCOPE; SCATTERED ELECTRONS; CRYSTALS; STEM; VISIBILITY; IONIZATION AB In this paper we discuss how the dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope can provide a microanalysis of crystalline materials at atomic resolution. The method requires the establishment of incoherent conditions for a reference imaging signal as well as the spectroscopic signal. The image can then be used to focus and locate the probe to atomic precision for microanalysis. The Z-contrast image provides the most convenient incoherent reference image, and X-ray and electron energy loss data may be acquired simultaneously. In zone axis crystals, strong columnar channelling delays the onset of beam broadening for several hundred Angstroms, so that atomic resolution microanalysis may be achieved in materials specimens of significant thickness. This combination of signals provides a powerful means for studying interface structure and bonding, and avoids relying on preconceived model structures. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV SOLID STATE, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0026-3672 J9 MIKROCHIM ACTA JI Mikrochim. Acta PY 1996 SU 13 BP 195 EP 207 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA VT823 UT WOS:A1996VT82300011 ER PT B AU Corson, MS Macker, J Batsell, SG AF Corson, MS Macker, J Batsell, SG GP IEEE TI Architectural considerations for mobile mesh networking SO MILCOM 96, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 96) CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL MCLEAN, VA SP IEEE Commun Soc, Armed Forces Commun & Electr Assoc, US Dept Def AB This paper describes the problem of routing and resource reservation in mobile mesh networks and presents architectural recommendations necessary for Internet protocols to operate effectively in these environments. A ''mobile mesh'' network is an autonomous system of mobile routers connected by wireless links, the union of which form an arbitrary graph. The routers are free to move randomly; thus, the network's wireless topology may change rapidly and unpredictably. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV INFORMAT TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,NETWORKING RES GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SYST RES INST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3683-6 PY 1996 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BG78G UT WOS:A1996BG78G00046 ER PT B AU Gopalsami, N Bakhtiari, S Raptis, AC AF Gopalsami, N Bakhtiari, S Raptis, AC BE Afsar, MN TI Open-path millimeter-wave spectroscopy in the 225-315 GHz range SO MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves and Applications III CY AUG 05-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Rome Lab, Tufts Univ, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE millimeter waves; backward-wave oscillator; molecular spectroscopy; open-path monitoring AB This paper discusses the development of an open-path millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectroscopy system in the 225-315 GHz atmospheric window. The new system is primarily a monostatic swept-frequency radar consisting of a mm-wave sweeper, hot-electron-bolometer or Schottky detector, and trihedral reflector. The heart of the system is a Russian backward-wave oscillator (BWO) tube that is tunable over 225-350 GHz. A mm-wave sweeper has been built with the BWO tube to sweep the entire frequency range within 1 s. The chemical plume to be detected is situated between the transmitter/receiver and the reflector. Millimeter-wave absorption spectra of chemicals in the plume are determined by measuring swept-frequency radar signals with and without the plume in the beam path. Because of power supply noise and thermal instabilities within the BWO structure over time, the BWO frequencies fluctuate between sweeps and thus cause errors in baseline subtraction. To reduce this frequency-jitter problem, a quasi-optical Fabry-Perot cavity is used in conjunction with the radar for on-line calibration of sweep traces, allowing excellent baseline subtraction and signal averaging. Initial results of the new system are given for open-path detection of chemicals. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2230-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2842 BP 274 EP 283 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG93T UT WOS:A1996BG93T00033 ER PT J AU Salsman, JB Williamson, RL Tolley, WK Rice, DA AF Salsman, JB Williamson, RL Tolley, WK Rice, DA TI Short-pulse microwave treatment of disseminated sulfide ores SO MINERALS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE comminution; liberation ID LIBERATION AB Theoretical and experimental analyses are used to study the feasibility of using short-pulse microwave energy as a pretreatment step in comminution. Ores of interest contain microwave-absorbing mineral in a low-absorbing gangue. A finite element numerical model is used to predict the thermomechanical response of a single pyrite particle in a calcite host rock during microwave heating. The effects of power density and mineral particle size are presented. Using microwave power densities within those expected in currently available equipment, significant temperature differences are predicted between the pyrite particle and the calcite matrix. Resulting thermomechanical stress exceeds typical strengths of these minerals. Laboratory tests verify rapid, selective heating of crushed sulfide minerals. Tests with mixtures of pure minerals show heating rates directly proportional to the mass of high-loss mineral; thus, shielding of mineral grains by other grains does not appear to be significant. A cursory energy-use analysis suggests that short-pulse microwave treatment can be accomplished with relatively small energy input compared with current energy consumption in comminution. Although improved comminution has yet to be experimentally demonstrated, initial results are promising from both a technical and an economic standpoint. C1 US BUR MINES,SALT LAKE RES CTR,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108. RP Salsman, JB (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. OI Williamson, Richard/0000-0001-7734-3632 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-6875 J9 MINER ENG JI Miner. Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 9 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/0892-6875(95)00130-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA TP606 UT WOS:A1996TP60600004 ER PT B AU Egert, CM Rajic, S AF Egert, CM Rajic, S BE Motamedi, ME TI Design and fabrication issues in the development of monolithic micro-optical systems SO MINIATURIZED SYSTEMS WITH MICRO-OPTICS AND MICROMECHANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Miniaturized Systems with Micro-Optics and Micromechanics CY JAN 30-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Adv Res Projects Agcy DE micro-optics; mini-optics; monolith; self-aligning; deterministic fabrication C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2061-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2687 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.234624 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF18M UT WOS:A1996BF18M00012 ER PT S AU Russell, CT Abshire, J AHearn, M Arnold, J Elphic, RC Head, J Pieters, C Hickman, M Palac, D Kluever, C Konopliv, A Metzger, A Sercel, J McCord, T Phillips, RJ Purdy, W Rosenthal, R Sykes, M AF Russell, CT Abshire, J AHearn, M Arnold, J Elphic, RC Head, J Pieters, C Hickman, M Palac, D Kluever, C Konopliv, A Metzger, A Sercel, J McCord, T Phillips, RJ Purdy, W Rosenthal, R Sykes, M BE Foing, BH Manka, RH Lemke, D TI A solar electric propulsion mission to the Moon and beyond SO MISSIONS TO THE MOON AND EXPLORING THE COLD UNIVERSE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E1, E1/B3 and E3 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commissions Band E on Missions to the Moon and Exploring the Cold Universe, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP COSPAR AB The technological development of solar electric propulsion has advanced significantly over the last several years, Mission planners are now seriously examining which missions would benefit most from solar electric propulsion, NASA's Solar System Exploration Division is cofunding with the Advanced Concepts and Technology Division both ground and space qualification tests of components for electric propulsion systems, In response to the impending release of NASA's Announcement of Opportunity for Discovery class planetary missions we have undertaken a prephase A study of a Solar Electric Propulsion mission to the Moon, In this paper we review some of our findings about missions using solar electric propulsion and outline a possible scenario for a lunar mission. Solar electric propulsion can shorten mission flight times, enable launches on smaller rockets, and provide greater flexibility including longer launch windows. Such a mission launched now would enable us to complete the geophysical and geochemical mapping of the Moon left undone by both the Apollo and Clementine missions and to demonstrate a technology of significant importance to both future planetary exploration and the growing commercial space market. Copyright (C) 1996 COSPAR C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135. UNIV MISSOURI,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. CIT,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. WASHINGTON UNIV,ST LOUIS,MO. UNIV ARIZONA,TRW,SPACE & ELECT GRP,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,STEWARD OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042905-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(96)00092-0 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG31E UT WOS:A1996BG31E00012 ER PT J AU Baskes, M AF Baskes, M TI Julian Szekely - Obituary SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Baskes, M (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 4 IS 1 BP U5 EP U5 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA TX228 UT WOS:A1996TX22800001 ER PT B AU Zhu, YT Blumenthal, WR Stout, MG Lowe, TC AF Zhu, YT Blumenthal, WR Stout, MG Lowe, TC BE Chen, SP Anderson, MP TI Modeling of statistical tensile strength of short-fiber composites SO MODELLING OF COMPOSITES: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Composites - Processing and Properties, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Comp Simulat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-321-X PY 1996 BP 11 EP 21 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG02Q UT WOS:A1996BG02Q00002 ER PT B AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB BE Chen, SP Anderson, MP TI The role of grain boundary sliding on the creep deformation behavior of discontinuously reinforced composites SO MODELLING OF COMPOSITES: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Composites - Processing and Properties, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Comp Simulat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-321-X PY 1996 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG02Q UT WOS:A1996BG02Q00003 ER PT B AU Shi, N Bourke, MAM Goldstone, JA Allison, JE AF Shi, N Bourke, MAM Goldstone, JA Allison, JE BE Chen, SP Anderson, MP TI Influence of thermal residual stresses on the elastic phase-strain development in metal matrix composites SO MODELLING OF COMPOSITES: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Composites - Processing and Properties, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Comp Simulat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-321-X PY 1996 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG02Q UT WOS:A1996BG02Q00005 ER PT B AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB BE Chen, SP Anderson, MP TI The role of matrix void nucleation mechanism and reinforcement morphology on the ductile fracture process of discontinuous fiber reinforced composites SO MODELLING OF COMPOSITES: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Composites - Processing and Properties, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Comp Simulat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-321-X PY 1996 BP 77 EP 88 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG02Q UT WOS:A1996BG02Q00007 ER PT B AU Chen, SP AF Chen, SP BE Chen, SP Anderson, MP TI Modeling of ductile and brittle/brittle laminates SO MODELLING OF COMPOSITES: PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling of Composites - Processing and Properties, at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 04-08, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Comp Simulat Comm, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 BN 0-87339-321-X PY 1996 BP 89 EP 99 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BG02Q UT WOS:A1996BG02Q00008 ER PT J AU Anderson, CW Carter, TH AF Anderson, CW Carter, TH TI The DNA-activated protein kinase - DNA-PK SO MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF DNA REARRANGEMENTS IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA GENE; HUMAN KU-AUTOANTIGEN; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; TERMINAL TRANSACTIVATION DOMAIN; IONIZING-RADIATION SENSITIVITY; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; HELA-CELL NUCLEI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; V(D)J RECOMBINATION C1 ST JOHNS UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW YORK,NY 11439. RP Anderson, CW (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 117 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1996 VL 217 BP 91 EP 111 PG 21 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BJ66K UT WOS:A1996BJ66K00007 PM 8787620 ER PT J AU Fickett, JW AF Fickett, JW TI Quantitative discrimination of MEF2 sites SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCER-BINDING-FACTOR; MUSCLE-SPECIFIC ENHANCER; HEAVY-CHAIN GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; REGULATORY PROTEINS; DNA; SKELETAL; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; CELLS AB Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is a family of closely related transcription factors that play a key role in the differentiation of muscle tissues and are important in the muscle-specific expression of a number of genes. Given the centrality of MEF2 in muscle differentiation, regulatory regions newly determined to be muscle specific are often studied for potential MEF2 binding sites. Possible sites are often located by comparison to a homologous gene or by matching to the consensus MEF2 sequence. Enough data have accumulated that a richer description of the MEF2 binding site, a position weight matrix, can be reliably constructed and its usefulness can be assessed. It was shown that scores from such a matrix approximate MEF2 binding energy and enable recognition of naturally occurring MEF2 sites with high sensitivity and specificity. Regulation of genes via MEF2-like sites is complicated by the fact that a number of transcription factors are involved. Not only is MEF2 itself a family of proteins, but several other, nonhomologous, transcription factors overlap MEF2 in DNA-binding specificity. Thus, more quantitative methods for recognizing potential sites may help with the lengthy process of disentangling the complex regulatory circuits of muscle-specific expression. RP Fickett, JW (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, THEORET BIOL & BIOPHYS GRP, T10 MS K710, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00981-01A1] NR 48 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 EI 1098-5549 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 16 IS 1 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TL345 UT WOS:A1996TL34500049 PM 8524326 ER PT S AU Mundlos, S Huang, LF Selby, P Olsen, BR AF Mundlos, S Huang, LF Selby, P Olsen, BR BE deCrombrugghe, B Horton, WA Olsen, BR Ramirez, F TI Cleidocranial dysplasia in mice SO MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF CARTILAGE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Molecular and Developmental Biology of Cartilage CY SEP 27-30, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP New York Acad Sci C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Mundlos, S (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 4 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-010-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 785 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BF92H UT WOS:A1996BF92H00055 PM 8702161 ER PT S AU Lin, HH Sternfeld, DC Shinpock, SG Popp, RA Mucenski, ML AF Lin, HH Sternfeld, DC Shinpock, SG Popp, RA Mucenski, ML BE Wolff, L Perkins, AS TI Functional analysis of the c-myb proto-oncogene SO MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MYELOID STEM CELL DEVELOPMENT SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Molecular Aspects of Myeloid Stem Cell Development CY APR 30-MAY 03, 1995 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Natl Canc Inst, AMGEN Inc, Bristol Myers Squibb Pharm Inst, Merck, Sandoz Res Inst, Bayer Corp, Upjohn Co ID AVIAN-MYELOBLASTOSIS VIRUS; GENE V-MYB; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEUCINE ZIPPER; STEM-CELLS; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; LEUKEMIA C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. DEPAUW UNIV,GREENCASTLE,IN 46135. RP Lin, HH (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0070-217X BN 3-540-60414-6 J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1996 VL 211 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Oncology; Cell Biology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Oncology; Cell Biology; Immunology; Microbiology GA BG27J UT WOS:A1996BG27J00008 ER PT B AU Cronkite, EP AF Cronkite, EP BE Abraham, NG Asano, S Brittinger, G Maestroni, GJM Shadduck, RK TI Historical aspects of physiological cell death prior to description of apoptosis SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF HEMATOPOIESIS 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Molecular Biology of Hematopoiesis and Treatment of Leukemias and Lymphomas CY JUN 23-27, 1995 CL GENOA, ITALY SP Menarini Int Fdn AB Cell death as a physiological process was recognized in the early 1920's. There is a large and rich literature on cell death in hematopoiesis, embryogenesis, immunology, cancer, after exposure of lymphocytes to ionizing radiation or cortisone. Cell death and its measurement has been an essential component in study of cell kinetics of all tissues in which cell turnover is evident. The objective of this concise and incomplete review on cell death, prior to emergence of the term apoptosis, was to document that non-necrotic cell death in normal and pathologic processes has been appreciated for several decades. When it was discovered that several tissues in the adult continued to have mitoses and that with each mitosis there was a net gain of one cell it was self-evident that there had to be a compensatory loss of cells by death, a process which might appropriately be called cytocide. Cells are programmed to die in order to fashion organs during embryogenesis, to allow the development of the immune system, to maintain homeostasis in the endocrine-dependent tissues, to limit reactive hyperplasia, or to maintain a steady state in self-renewing tissues in addition to differentiation. Cell death is also a pathophysiological mechanism by which normal and malignant cells may die in response to ionizing radiation and/or chemotherapeutic drugs and toxic chemicals. In the landmark publication in 1972 by Kerr ct al. (1) the term apoptosis was coined to dignify the phenomenon of cell death. After the coining of the name apoptosis and its cytological description and subsequently the identification of its genetic controls, opened the flood gates for a torrent of publications on apoptosis. There were eight publications in 1980 and 800 in 1993. Publications continued to expand in '94 and '95. RP Cronkite, EP (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,BLDG 490,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45318-5 PY 1996 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology; Transplantation SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology; Transplantation GA BG81N UT WOS:A1996BG81N00057 ER PT J AU Polivka, T Psencik, J Kroh, P Engst, D Komenda, J Prasil, O Falkowski, PG Hala, J AF Polivka, T Psencik, J Kroh, P Engst, D Komenda, J Prasil, O Falkowski, PG Hala, J TI Hole-burning study of energy transfer in antenna proteins of Dunaliella tertiolecta affected by iron-limitation SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting on Hole Burning and Related Spectroscopies (HBRS'96) - Science and Applications CY SEP 13-17, 1996 CL BRAINERD, MN SP Inst Phys Res Tech ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CP47 AB Results of persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) experiments in fluorescence spectra of Fe-limited and Fe-replete cells of D. tertiolecta are reported. Low temperature fluorescence spectra exhibit an increase of PS II fluorescence of Fe-limited cells due to a decrease of an efficiency of excitation energy transfer (EET) in PS II. A 1.5 nm blue shift of PS II fluorescence maximum observed for Fe-limited cells is the result of excessive light harvesting complexes LHCII in thylakoid membrane. The PSHB experiments revealed an influence of Fe stress on EET from and between core antenna proteins CP43 and CP47. EET within core antenna proteins CP43 and CP47 is not affected by iron limitation. C1 CHARLES UNIV,NATL RES CTR PHOTOSYNTH & GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE,PRAGUE 12116 2,CZECH REPUBLIC. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST MICROBIOL,TREBON 37981,CZECH REPUBLIC. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Polivka, T (reprint author), CHARLES UNIV,DEPT CHEM PHYS & OPT,KE KARLOVU 3,PRAGUE 12116 2,CZECH REPUBLIC. RI Polivka, Tomas/B-6280-2008; Polivka, Tomas/G-9564-2014; Prasil, Ondrej/H-2454-2014; Komenda, Josef/H-4083-2014 OI Polivka, Tomas/0000-0002-6176-0420; Prasil, Ondrej/0000-0002-0012-4359; Komenda, Josef/0000-0003-4588-0382 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 291 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1080/10587259608042738 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA WE580 UT WOS:A1996WE58000017 ER PT J AU Milanovich, N Hayes, JM Small, GJ AF Milanovich, N Hayes, JM Small, GJ TI White light hole burning of TO-PRO-3 bound to oligomeric DNA SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting on Hole Burning and Related Spectroscopies (HBRS'96) - Science and Applications CY SEP 13-17, 1996 CL BRAINERD, MN SP Inst Phys Res Tech ID MECHANISM AB Binding of the dye TO-PRO-3 iodide to alternating GC and AT oligomers of DNA is investigated by absorption and hole burning spectroscopies. This dye is one of a series extensively used for nucleic acid staining. In addition to narrow laser induced holes, the dye/oligomer complexes also exhibit white light induced hole burning. These holes are indicative of a dye/DNA binding mode in addition to the previously identified externally bound and intercalative modes. Possible structures of this mode are considered. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Milanovich, N (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 291 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1080/10587259608042742 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA WE580 UT WOS:A1996WE58000021 ER PT J AU Zamzow, D Small, GJ Jankowiak, R AF Zamzow, D Small, GJ Jankowiak, R TI Capillary electrophoresis - Fluorescence line-narrowing (CE-FLN) system for DNA adduct characterization SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting on Hole Burning and Related Spectroscopies (HBRS'96) - Science and Applications CY SEP 13-17, 1996 CL BRAINERD, MN SP Inst Phys Res Tech ID MOUSE SKIN; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; SPECTROMETRY; CONFORMATION; ERYTHROCYTE; LEVEL AB Capillary electrophoresis (CE) interfaced with low-temperature (4.2 K) fluorescence line-narrowing (FLN) spectroscopy is used for separation and structural characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-derived DNA adducts. The CE-FLN system is applied to the separation and identification of mixtures of benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene DNA adducts. Interfacing CE with FLN spectroscopy allows on-line separation and high-resolution spectroscopic identification of CE-separated DNA adducts, providing a new powerful tool for DNA adduct structure characterization. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP Zamzow, D (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 291 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1080/10587259608042743 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA WE580 UT WOS:A1996WE58000022 ER PT J AU Wu, HM Reddy, NRS Cogdell, RJ Muenke, C Michel, H Small, GJ AF Wu, HM Reddy, NRS Cogdell, RJ Muenke, C Michel, H Small, GJ TI A comparison of the LH2 antenna complex of three purple bacteria by hole burning and absorption spectroscopies SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting on Hole Burning and Related Spectroscopies (HBRS'96) - Science and Applications CY SEP 13-17, 1996 CL BRAINERD, MN SP Inst Phys Res Tech ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB The Light harvesting 2 or B800-B850 complexes of Rhodospirullum molishianum, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila(strain 10050) and Rhodobacter sphaeroides are compared on the basis of thermal broadening and shifting of the B800 and B850 absorption bands, the B800-->B850 energy transfer time and B870 which is the lowest exciton level of the B850 ring of BChl a dimers. The existence of B870 for Rs. molischianum is established and its B800-->B850 energy transfer time, 1.9 +/- 0.2 ps at 4.2 K, reported for the first time. The properties of the complexes of Rs; molischiamum and Rps. acidophila bear a close resemblance. LH2 of Rb. sphaeroides is distinct, e.g. the thermal shifting of its B850 band is significantly weaker, consistent with weaker excitonic couplings in the B850 ring. For all species, these couplings strengthen upon glass formation near 150 K. Thermal broadening of B850 is interpreted in terms of inter-exciton level relaxation. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV GLASGOW,DEPT BOT,GLASGOW G12 8QQ,LANARK,SCOTLAND. MAX PLANCK INST BIOPHYS,DEPT MOL & MEMBRANE BIOL,D-6000 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. RP Wu, HM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 291 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1080/10587259608042744 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA WE580 UT WOS:A1996WE58000023 ER PT J AU Cheng, YY Cebe, P Capel, M SchreuderGibson, H Bluhm, A Stapler, J Yeomans, W AF Cheng, YY Cebe, P Capel, M SchreuderGibson, H Bluhm, A Stapler, J Yeomans, W TI X-ray scattering and thermal characterization of alpha,beta-dimethyl stilbene polycarbonates SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYCARBONATES; CONTAINING FLEXIBLE SPACER; MAIN-CHAIN; THERMOTROPIC POLYESTERS; POLYMERS; MESOGEN; ORDER; UNITS AB Structural and thermal characterization is reported for a series of recently synthesized(1) liquid crystalline polycarbonates based on di-methyl substituted stilbene mesogen and methylene-containing flexible spacer of length n. In this work, we focus on the alpha, beta-dimethyl stilbene (DMS-n) polycarbonates and on the comparison between them and alpha-methyl stilbene (HMS-n) polycarbonates(2-4), especially those with heptane spacer. Wide angle X-ray scattering patterns show that DMS polycarbonates are able to form a nematic liquid crystalline phase. However, the liquid crystalline phase is generally not stable with respect to the crystalline phase. In the DMS polycarbonates, no distinct isotropic-to-nematic (i --> lc) transition is seen either by polarizing optical microscopy or by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We suggest that the steric effect of the second lateral substituent results in a less stable, virtual mesophase. For DMS-n, an odd-even effect is observed in the crystallization and melting temperatures for n values between four and eight. The transition temperatures associated with even parity n (n = 4,6,8) are greater than those for odd parity n (n = 5,7,9) and all transition temperatures drop when n exceeds eight. Small angle X-ray scattering studies were performed on the DMS polycarbonates to examine the structure of the crystalline phase. For n in the range from 5-8, DMS polycarbonates generally have higher values of linear crystallinity and crystal thickness than corresponding HMS polycarbonates. C1 TUFTS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,MEDFORD,MA 02155. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. USA,NATICK RES DEV & ENGN CTR,NATICK,MA 01760. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 287 BP 183 EP 203 DI 10.1080/10587259608038755 PG 21 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA VT832 UT WOS:A1996VT83200018 ER PT J AU Esen, R Nakhimowsky, LA Shanks, HR AF Esen, R Nakhimowsky, LA Shanks, HR TI Photoconductivity in single crystal carbazole SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article AB AC photoconductivity of single crystal carbazole has been studied a photoconductive response lag was observed with respect to the optical absorption spectrum. Spectral distribution of the photoconductivity is found to be dependent on the geometrical arrangements of the electrodes. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Esen, R (reprint author), CUKUROVA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TR-01330 BALCALI,ADANA,TURKEY. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 287 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1080/10587259608038761 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA VT832 UT WOS:A1996VT83200024 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Williams, JM Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Kelly, ME Dudek, JD Naumann, D Roy, T AF Schlueter, JA Williams, JM Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Kelly, ME Dudek, JD Naumann, D Roy, T TI New organic superconductors in the system (ET)(2)M(CF3)(4)(solvent) (M=Cu,Ag,Au): Dramatic effects of organometallic anion and solvent replacement SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nagoya Conference on Perspectives in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solids - Molecular Design and Functionality CY MAR 14-16, 1996 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Chem Soc Japan, Tokai Branch, Nagoya Molec Sci Seminar, Japan Soc Young Coordinat Chemists, Gordon & Breach Publ, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ciba Geigy Fdn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Daiko Fdn, Nagoya Univ Fdn ID AMBIENT-PRESSURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRON-DONOR MOLECULE; TEMPERATURE; SALTS; TC AB Over twenty molecular-based superconductors have been synthesized recently via electrocrystallization of the organic bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF or ET) electron donor molecule with the novel organometallic M(CF3)(4)(-) (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) anions in a variety of 1,1,2-trihaloethane solvents. The highly anisotropic physical properties of these solvated (ET)(2)M(CF3)(4)(1,1,2-trihaloethane) salts can be tuned via modifications of each of their three discrete molecular components. These unique salts crystallize in two distinct structural modifications of the kappa-type packing motif (sheets of dimerized electron-donor molecules arranged in a parquet fashion). Crystals of the lower T-c phase (kappa(L)) have a plate-like morphology and superconducting transition temperatures in the 2 - 6 K range, while the transitions of the higher T-c phase (kappa(H)), which typically have a needle-like morphology, are in the 9 - 11 K range. The synthesis. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV SCI MAT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV COLOGNE,INST ANORGAN CHEM,D-50939 COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 285 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1080/10587259608030776 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA VK118 UT WOS:A1996VK11800007 ER PT J AU Montgomery, LK Burgin, T Miebach, T Dunham, D Huffman, JC Schirber, JE AF Montgomery, LK Burgin, T Miebach, T Dunham, D Huffman, JC Schirber, JE TI Characterization of the electrocrystallization products of bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenefulvalene (BETS) and tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorogallate SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI AB Nine different crystal morphologies have been isolated from the electrocrystallization products of bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) and tetrabutylammonium tetrachlorogallate. The morphologies have been examined by X-ray crystallography and electrical transport measurements and have been assigned to several different crystal systems: kappa-, lambda-, and kappa'-(BETS)2GaCl(4), alpha-(BETS)(3)GaCl4 . TCE, and an incompletely characterized semiconductor. In experiments designed to gain some understanding of the variable resistive superconducting transition temperatures (T-c) in lambda-(BETS)(2)GaCl4, the influence of gold paste on the AC susceptibility T-c was examined: gold paste raises the onset of superconductivity, and the effect is reversible. In related studies, it was found that isotropic pressure lowers T-c in lambda-(BETS)(2)GaCl4 by -0.31 K/kbar. These observations are discussed. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Montgomery, LK (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1080/10587259608037912 PG 12 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300008 ER PT J AU Eldridge, JE Xie, Y Wang, HH Williams, JM Kini, AM Schlueter, JA AF Eldridge, JE Xie, Y Wang, HH Williams, JM Kini, AM Schlueter, JA TI Two interesting features in the infrared and Raman spectra of the 12K organic superconductor kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI AB Two of the larger features in the infrared conductivity spectra of x-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br are analysed and one is reassigned with the aid of infrared and Raman spectra of isotopically-substituted compounds. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Eldridge, JE (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z1,CANADA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1080/10587259608037914 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300010 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Wang, HH Kelly, ME Dudek, JD Williams, JM Naumann, D Roy, T AF Schlueter, JA Geiser, U Wang, HH Kelly, ME Dudek, JD Williams, JM Naumann, D Roy, T TI Synthesis and physical properties of a novel, highly tunable family of organic superconductors: (ET)(2)M(CF3)(4)(1,1,2-trihaloethane) (M=Cu,Ag,Au) SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI ID TC AB Electrocrystallization of the bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) electron donor molecule with the novel M(CF3)(4)(-) (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) anions in a variety of 1,1,2-trihaloethane solvents has led to the discovery of a remarkable series of 21 organic superconductors. These (ET)(2)M(CF3)(4)(1,1,2-trihaloethane) salts occur in two structural modifications of the kappa-type packing motif. Crystals of the plate-like morphology have superconducting transition temperatures in the range 2 - 5.8 K (low T-c phase, kappa(L)), while the transitions of the needle-like morphology are in the range 9.2 - 11.1 K (high T-c phase, kappa(H)). C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV COLOGNE,INST ANORGAN CHEM,D-50939 COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1080/10587259608037922 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300018 ER PT J AU Geiser, U Schlueter, JA Dudek, JD Williams, JM AF Geiser, U Schlueter, JA Dudek, JD Williams, JM TI Structure of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalenium dichlorocyanoselenate(2:1), (BEDT-TTF)(2)Cl2SeCN SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI AB The synthesis and crystal structure of the new organic semiconductor (BEDT-TTF)(2)Cl2SeCN [BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] is described. The salt is isostructural with (BEDT-TTF)(2)Br2SeCN, reported earlier. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Geiser, U (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1080/10587259608037923 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300019 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Kini, AM Williams, JM AF Wang, HH Kini, AM Williams, JM TI Raman characterization of the BEDT-TTF(ClO4)(2) salt SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI ID BEDT-TTF; SPECTRA AB The major Raman scattering peaks of BEDT-TTF(CLO(4))(2)have been assigned by comparison to the isotopically labeled C-13(4)-BEDT-TTF(C1O(4))(2) and C-13(6)-BEDT-TTF(C1O(4))(2) salts. The upsilon 2, upsilon 3, and upsilon(6) A(g) modes are associated with the C=C vibrations and the Raman shifts are found to decrease with increasing oxidation state of the ET molecules. The upsilon(9) and upsilon(10) A(g) modes are associated with the sulfur (C-S) related vibrations and the Raman shifts are observed to increase with increasing oxidation state of the ET molecules. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1080/10587259608037924 PG 11 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300020 ER PT J AU Kini, AM Wang, HH Schlueter, JA Dudek, JD Geiser, U Carlson, KD Williams, JM Kelly, ME Stevenson, E Komosa, AS Sirchio, SA AF Kini, AM Wang, HH Schlueter, JA Dudek, JD Geiser, U Carlson, KD Williams, JM Kelly, ME Stevenson, E Komosa, AS Sirchio, SA TI Isotope effect study of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2): Labeling in the anion SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI ID AMBIENT PRESSURE; BEDT-TTF; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUBSTITUTION AB Isotopic labeling in the anion of the organic superconductor kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu(NCS)(2), with C-13 and N-15 isotopes in the thiocyanate groups, has been carried out. This labeling does not lead to an isotope effect on the superconducting transition temperature (T-c). C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Kini, AM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1080/10587259608037944 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300040 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Geiser, U Kelly, ME Vanzile, ML Skulan, AJ Williams, JM Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Sirchio, SA Montgomery, LK AF Wang, HH Geiser, U Kelly, ME Vanzile, ML Skulan, AJ Williams, JM Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Sirchio, SA Montgomery, LK TI Synthesis, structure, Raman, and ESR characterization of a new organic charge transfer salt, (BEDT-TTF)(2)[N(SO2CF3)(2)] SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI AB The new charge transfer salt (BEDT-TTF)(2)[N(SO2CF3)(2)] was synthesized and structually characterized. Its unit cell parameters at 295 K are: a = 6.6394(13) Angstrom, b = 8.658(2) Angstrom, c = 17.349(4) Angstrom, alpha = 94.70(2)degrees, beta = 97.21(2)degrees, gamma = 68.95(2)degrees, V = 922.7(4) Angstrom(3), space group , and Z = 1. The anion, N(SO2CF3)(2)(-), was found to be disordered, which may relate to the absence of the nu(4) and nu(5) Ag modes of the BEDT-TTF molecule in the Raman spectrum. ESR measurements reveal its semiconductive behavior with a small energy gap of 18.7 meV. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1080/10587259608037945 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300041 ER PT J AU Wang, HH Geiser, U Kumar, SK Cooper, AC Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Skulan, AJ Vanzile, ML Dudek, J Williams, JM Hinks, DG Kwok, WK Schirber, JE Bayless, WR AF Wang, HH Geiser, U Kumar, SK Cooper, AC Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Skulan, AJ Vanzile, ML Dudek, J Williams, JM Hinks, DG Kwok, WK Schirber, JE Bayless, WR TI Synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of two new magnetic organic metals, [BEDT-TTF](4)[C(CN)(2)CONH2]CuX(2) (X=Cl and Br0.77Cl0.22) SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI ID BEDT-TTF; PRESSURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSITION AB Two new BEDT-TTF based charge transfer salts, [BEDT-TTF](4)[C(CN)(2)CONH2] CuX(2) (X = Cl and Br0.77Cl0.22) have been synthesized and characterized with use of x-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. ESR spectroscopy reveals that the anion layer contains 3% of paramagnetic Cu(II) species which exhibit Curie-Weiss behavior with a Weiss constant of theta = -2.8 K. Both compounds are metallic below 150 K. AC susceptibility, RF penetration depth, and RF impedance measurements under pressure do not reveal signals of superconductivity. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 437 EP 448 DI 10.1080/10587259608037946 PG 12 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300042 ER PT J AU Williams, JM AF Williams, JM TI Organic conductors as novel ''molecular rulers'' for advanced manufacturing processes SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in the Chemistry and Properties of Novel Low-Dimensional and Conducting or Superconducting Solids - International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies CY DEC 17-22, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HI AB Future advanced manufacturing equipment used in high technology programs will require ultra-high precision and associated machining tool operations that require placement accuracy of similar to 1-100 nm (1 nm = 10 Angstrom). There is consensus amongst engineers that this equipment will be based on STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscope) technology. All such STM-based ''drivers'' must contain a metrology system that requires absolute length standards referenced to atomic spacings for calibration.(1) Properly designed organic conductor substrate crystals have the potential to be molecular rulers for STM-based advanced manufacturing equipment. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Williams, JM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 284 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1080/10587259608037947 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UV953 UT WOS:A1996UV95300043 ER PT J AU Smirnov, S Braun, C AnknerMylon, S Grzeskowiak, K Greenfield, S Wasielewski, M AF Smirnov, S Braun, C AnknerMylon, S Grzeskowiak, K Greenfield, S Wasielewski, M TI Photoinduced charge separation. Dipoles, exciplexes and ion pairs. SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Unconventional Photoactive Systems CY SEP 06-09, 1995 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA HO STANFORD UNIV ID MICROWAVE AB Depending on the system, the extent of photoinduced charge separation varies from intramolecular to intermolecular and further to ion-radical pairs of arbitrary separation. Transient de conductivity techniques allow study of all these stages in photoinduced charge separation with subnanosecond time resolution. In the simplest case, photoexcitation of a molecule can result in intramolecular charge transfer, i.e. the creation of an excited state dipole moment, which exists only until the molecule relaxes to the ground state. In the case of an intermolecular charge transfer, there is a nonzero probability for the charges to dissociate and create free ion radicals. The larger the initial charge separation the greater is their probability of dissociation. The probability increases even more in the case of photoionization where the photoelectron thermalizes at a distance from the parent cation, creating the so called geminate ion radical pair. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Smirnov, S (reprint author), DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT CHEM,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. RI Smirnov, Sergei/H-8774-2016 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-725X J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYS A JI Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. Sect. A-Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. PY 1996 VL 283 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1080/10587259608037894 PG 6 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UU789 UT WOS:A1996UU78900040 ER PT J AU Ma, D Alberti, M Lynch, C Nikaido, H Hearst, JE AF Ma, D Alberti, M Lynch, C Nikaido, H Hearst, JE TI The local repressor AcrR plays a modulating role in the regulation of acrAB genes of Escherichia coli by global stress signals SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SUPEROXIDE RESPONSE REGULON; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; OPERON; LOCUS; SOXS; MUTAGENESIS; INVOLVEMENT AB Genes acrAB encode a multidrug efflux pump in Escherichia coli. We have previously reported that transcription of acrAB is increased under general stress conditions (i.e. 4% ethanol, 0.5 M NaCl, and the stationary phase in Luria-Bertani medium). In this study, lacZ transcriptional fusions and an in vitro gel mobility shift assay have been utilized to study the mechanisms governing the regulation of acrAB. We found that a closely linked gene, acrR, encoded a repressor of acrAB. Nevertheless, the general stress conditions increased transcription of acrAB in the absence of functional AcrR, and such conditions surprisingly increased the transcription of acrR even more strongly than that of acrAB. These results suggest that the general-stress-induced transcription of acrAB is primarily mediated by global regulatory pathway(s), and that one major role of AcrR is to function as a specific secondary modulator to fine tune the level of acrAB transcription and to prevent the unwanted overexpression of acrAB. To our knowledge, this represents a novel mechanism of regulating gene expression in E. coli. Evidence also suggests that the up-regulation of acrAB expression under general stress conditions is not likely to be mediated by the known global regulators, such as MarA or SoxS, although elevated levels of these proteins were shown to increase the transcription of acrAB. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV STRUCT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-09644]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 41911A-03] NR 40 TC 232 Z9 244 U1 4 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 19 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.357881.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA TQ600 UT WOS:A1996TQ60000010 PM 8821940 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cummings, PT TI Phase diagram for the dimerizing hard-core Yukawa fluid SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; THERMODYNAMICS; ASSOCIATION; SIMULATION; MIXTURES; SPHERES; MODEL; MSA AB The liquid-gas phase diagram for the dimerizing hard-core Yukawa fluid is calculated. The model consists of the one-site hard-sphere dimerizing model of Wertheim with an additional Yukawa attraction included into the non-associating part of the interaction. The thermodynamic properties of the model are obtained from the analytical solution of the associative mean spherical approximation. Predictions of the theory are consistent with qualitative trends in the behaviour of the phase equilibrium of associating liquids. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. INST CONDENSED MATTER PHYS,LVOV 290011,UKRAINE. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 87 IS 1 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1080/00268979600100151 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TR706 UT WOS:A1996TR70600015 ER PT S AU Penetrante, BM Hsiao, MC Bardsley, JN Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE Wallman, PH Kuthi, A Burkhart, CP Bayless, JR AF Penetrante, BM Hsiao, MC Bardsley, JN Merritt, BT Vogtlin, GE Wallman, PH Kuthi, A Burkhart, CP Bayless, JR BE Capitelli, M TI Electron-impact ionization of air molecules and its application to the abatement of volatile organic compounds SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows CY MAY 21-JUN 03, 1995 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP NATO Sci Comm, Azienda Autonoma Soggiorno & Turismo Maratea, CNR, Univ Bari, CIRA C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4055-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 482 BP 461 EP 475 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Physics GA BF78G UT WOS:A1996BF78G00029 ER PT S AU Vitello, P AF Vitello, P BE Capitelli, M TI Fluid dynamic modeling of plasma reactors SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Physics and Hypersonic Flows CY MAY 21-JUN 03, 1995 CL MARATEA, ITALY SP NATO Sci Comm, Azienda Autonoma Soggiorno & Turismo Maratea, CNR, Univ Bari, CIRA C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4055-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 482 BP 477 EP 484 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Engineering; Physics GA BF78G UT WOS:A1996BF78G00030 ER PT J AU Slusher, JT Cummings, PT AF Slusher, JT Cummings, PT TI Non-iterative constraint dynamics using velocity-explicit Verlet methods SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics simulation; constraint dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; ALKANES; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; WATER; SHAKE AB We describe non-iterative constraint dynamics algorithms for molecular simulation based on the velocity and Beeman [1, 3] forms of the Verlet algorithm. The methods are easily adapted for constant temperature molecular dynamics, and because they are non-iterative, should prove useful for large-scale simulations on parallel computers. Test simulations of liquid butane, water, and nitrogen are used to verify the accuracy, stability, and practical utility of the methods. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Slusher, JT (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,419 DOUGHERTY ENGN BLDG,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 1996 VL 18 IS 4 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1080/08927029608022360 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA VR761 UT WOS:A1996VR76100001 ER PT J AU Baranyai, A Cummings, PT AF Baranyai, A Cummings, PT TI On the molecular dynamics algorithm for Gibbs ensemble simulation SO MOLECULAR SIMULATION LA English DT Article ID FLUIDS AB A molecular dynamics version of the Gibbs ensemble simulation is presented. The mechanical and thermal balance between the two parts of the system are expressed by the usual Hoover-type of deterministicfeedback via the equations of motion. In the case of the chemical equilibrium the usual stochastic Monte Carlo approach was used relying on the assumed ergodicity of the dynamical system. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, LAB THEORET CHEM, H-1518 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. RP Baranyai, A (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM ENGN, 419 DOUGHERTY ENGN BLDG, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7022 J9 MOL SIMULAT JI Mol. Simul. PY 1996 VL 17 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1080/08927029608024091 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA UF452 UT WOS:A1996UF45200002 ER PT S AU Simons, D Stump, B Evanson, L Breding, D Casey, L Walker, L Zucca, J Harris, D Hannon, J Denny, M Patton, H Perkins, R AF Simons, D Stump, B Evanson, L Breding, D Casey, L Walker, L Zucca, J Harris, D Hannon, J Denny, M Patton, H Perkins, R BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI The department of energy's comprehensive test ban treaty research and development program SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00008 ER PT S AU Zucca, JJ Carrigan, C Goldstein, P Jarpe, S Sweeney, J Pickles, WL Wright, B AF Zucca, JJ Carrigan, C Goldstein, P Jarpe, S Sweeney, J Pickles, WL Wright, B BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI Signatures of testing: On-site inspection technologies SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00010 ER PT S AU Simons, DJ AF Simons, DJ BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI Atmospheric methods for nuclear test monitoring SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 135 EP 141 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00011 ER PT S AU Perkins, RW Miley, HS Hensley, WK Abel, KH AF Perkins, RW Miley, HS Hensley, WK Abel, KH BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI Airborne radionuclides of concern and their measurement in monitoring a comprehensive test ban treaty SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 143 EP 155 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00012 ER PT S AU Denny, M Goldstein, P Mayeda, K Walter, W AF Denny, M Goldstein, P Mayeda, K Walter, W BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI Seismic results from DOE's non-proliferation experiment: A comparison of chemical and nuclear explosions SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 355 EP 364 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00020 ER PT S AU Taylor, SR AF Taylor, SR BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI A review of broadband regional discrimination studies of NTS explosions and western US earthquakes SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GEOPHYS GRP EES3,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 755 EP 775 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00040 ER PT S AU Dowla, FU AF Dowla, FU BE Husebye, ES Dainty, AM TI Neural networks in seismic discrimination SO MONITORING A COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty CY JAN 23-FEB 01, 1995 CL ALVOR, PORTUGAL SP NATO C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-3811-1 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1996 VL 303 BP 777 EP 789 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BE86V UT WOS:A1996BE86V00041 ER PT B AU Gubernatis, JE Kawashima, N AF Gubernatis, JE Kawashima, N BE Binder, K Ciccotti, G TI Cluster algorithms with emphasis on quantum spin systems SO MONTE CARLO AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF CONDENSED MATTER SYSTEMS SE ITALIAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (IPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Computer Simulation in Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry - Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics of Condensed Matter Systems CY JUL 03-28, 1995 CL COMO, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-078-6 J9 ITAL PHY SO PY 1996 VL 49 BP 519 EP 543 PG 25 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BF73W UT WOS:A1996BF73W00019 ER PT B AU Holian, BL AF Holian, BL BE Binder, K Ciccotti, G TI The character of the nonequilibrium steady state: Beautiful formalism meets ugly reality SO MONTE CARLO AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF CONDENSED MATTER SYSTEMS SE ITALIAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (IPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Computer Simulation in Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry - Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics of Condensed Matter Systems CY JUL 03-28, 1995 CL COMO, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-078-6 J9 ITAL PHY SO PY 1996 VL 49 BP 791 EP 822 PG 32 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BF73W UT WOS:A1996BF73W00030 ER PT B AU Alder, B AF Alder, B BE Binder, K Ciccotti, G TI Search for a cheap molecular dynamics SO MONTE CARLO AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF CONDENSED MATTER SYSTEMS SE ITALIAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (IPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Computer Simulation in Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry - Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics of Condensed Matter Systems CY JUL 03-28, 1995 CL COMO, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-078-6 J9 ITAL PHY SO PY 1996 VL 49 BP 859 EP 870 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BF73W UT WOS:A1996BF73W00033 ER PT B AU Wood, WW AF Wood, WW BE Binder, K Ciccotti, G TI On some additional recollections, and the absence thereof, about the early history of computer simulations in statistical mechanics SO MONTE CARLO AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF CONDENSED MATTER SYSTEMS SE ITALIAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (IPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Computer Simulation in Condensed Matter Physics and Chemistry - Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics of Condensed Matter Systems CY JUL 03-28, 1995 CL COMO, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-078-6 J9 ITAL PHY SO PY 1996 VL 49 BP 907 EP & PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BF73W UT WOS:A1996BF73W00036 ER PT J AU Bellaiche, L Kunc, K Besson, M AF Bellaiche, L Kunc, K Besson, M TI Bandgap variation at the isostructural phase transformation of wurtzite InN SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AB The pressure variation of the bandgap, at the isostructural phase transition of wurtzite InN, is determined theoretically, using the first-principles total-energy pseudopotential method. It is found that the bandgap (as well as the structural parameters) exhibit three different types of behavior, in three regions of pressure. Optical experiments at low temperatures could then be employed to directly identify the two different wurtzite phases of InN. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO USA. CNRS, F-75700 PARIS, FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06, F-75252 PARIS 05, FRANCE. RI Kunc, Karel/E-3453-2017 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 1996 VL 1 IS 1-46 BP U107 EP U111 AR 14 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA WY821 UT WOS:A1996WY82100014 ER PT S AU Bevelhimer, MS Adams, SM AF Bevelhimer, MS Adams, SM BE Miranda, LE DeVries, DR TI Assessing contaminant distribution and effects in a reservoir fishery SO MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACHES TO RESERVOIR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Reservoir Fisheries Symposium on Multidimensional Approaches to Reservoir Fisheries Management CY JUN 12-14, 1995 CL CHATTANOOGA, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Reservoir Comm, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Tennessee Valley Authority, US Army Corps Engineers AB A federally mandated remedial investigation was begun in 1989 to investigate the transport, fate, and distribution of waterborne contaminants released from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge facilities and to assess potential risks to human and ecological health associated with these contaminants. The investigation look place on Watts Bar Reservoir, a 15,621-ha mainstem reservoir on the Tennessee River, which receives releases from three DOE facilities via two small streams and the Clinch River. A large component of the study was fisheries related, and included contaminant analysis of several fish species collected throughout the reservoir, fish community surveys, bioindicator analyses on two species, and reproductive success and toxicity exposure tests (the latter are not discussed here). The results of these studies were used in both human health and ecological risk assessments to determine the need for remedial action. This paper summarizes the fisheries aspects of the project and demonstrates the importance of a multitiered approach to evaluation of the contamination effects on a fishery. The contaminant analyses showed significant annual variation in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in fish, though trends were not consistent among sites. The PCB concentrations in catfish Ictalurus spp. were normally 2-3 times higher than those in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and shad Dorosoma spp. As expected, mercury levels were highest at those sampling sites closest to the DOE facilities that historically had released mercury. Differences among sampling sites identified by the community survey, health assessment, and bioindicator studies appeared related to proximity to runoff from DOE facilities. Precise relationships with individual contaminants could not be determined. A human health risk assessment indicated that the consumption of mercury- and PCB-contaminated fish from Watts Bar Reservoir presents a potential health risk. Angler creel surveys indicated that the response of anglers to consumption advisories posted for Watts Bar Reservoir is mixed. While angling effort for some species has declined, harvest rates have not declined as expected. RP Bevelhimer, MS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-92-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 16 BP 119 EP 132 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BG96R UT WOS:A1996BG96R00014 ER PT B AU Church, EL Takacs, PZ AF Church, EL Takacs, PZ BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Role of sampling errors in the specification of x-ray mirror surfaces SO MULTILAYER AND GRAZING INCIDENCE X-RAY/EUV OPTICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics III Conference CY AUG 05-06, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE imaging; image quality; surface measurement; surface finish; surface specifications; statistical estimators; fluctuation effects C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,INSTRUMENTAT DIV,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2193-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2805 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.245081 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BG07W UT WOS:A1996BG07W00009 ER PT B AU Perry, EM Evans, RG Han, S Schneider, SM AF Perry, EM Evans, RG Han, S Schneider, SM BE Huberty, B Lurie, JB Caylor, JA Coppin, P Robert, PC TI Prescription irrigation for center pivot systems: A new agricultural application of remote sensing SO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR TERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral Imaging for Terrestrial Applications CY AUG 08-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, N Amer Remote Sensing Ind Assoc, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Center pivot (CP) irrigation systems account for more than half of all sprinkler irrigated lands in the US. In the Pacific Northwest, CP systems allow production of potatoes and other crops on sandy soils with variable topography. Prescription CP systems are being developed to reduce recharge to aquifers while maintaining or increasing crop yields. The hardware, software, and communication components for CP systems has been developed installed and field tested. What is needed is the prescription for site specific applications of water, nitrogen, and pesticides. This paper discusses the role that remote sensing may have in providing some of the necessary spatial inputs to drive the irrigation models, and describes a CP prescription irrigation system that has been developed. RP Perry, EM (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2206-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2818 BP 87 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.256080 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG73C UT WOS:A1996BG73C00011 ER PT B AU Bley, RA Kauzlarich, SM AF Bley, RA Kauzlarich, SM BE Fendler, JH Dekany, I TI A new solution phase synthesis for silicon nanoclusters SO NANOPARTICLES IN SOLIDS AND SOLUTIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanoparticles in Solids and Solutions - An Integrated Approach to Their Preparation and Characterization CY MAR 08-13, 1996 CL SZEGED, HUNGARY SP NATO, City Szeged, USA, European Res Off, Hungarian Acad Sci, Hungarian Natl Comm Technol Dev, Int Assoc Colloid & Interface Scientists, Natl Sci Fdn AB A new low temperature solution phase synthesis has been developed for producing silicon nanoparticles. This synthesis involves the reaction of KSi with SiCl4 to produce silicon and KCl. Diglyme, glyme and tetrahydrofuran (THF) have been investigated as solvents. This reaction produces nanometer sized silicon crystallites in addition to amorphous material. The crystalline particles are suspended in organic solvents and are then characterized using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. RP Bley, RA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4338-7 J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1996 VL 18 BP 467 EP 475 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG92F UT WOS:A1996BG92F00022 ER PT J AU Rawers, JC Korth, G AF Rawers, JC Korth, G TI Microstructure of attrition ball-milled and explosively compacted iron powder alloys SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID NITROGEN MARTENSITES; CARBON; KINETICS AB Iron-based powder compositions were processed in a ''low-energy'' attrition ball-mill with different alloying elements and different processing atmospheres producing micron-size particles with nanosize grains. The effects of different alloy compositions on the milled microstructure and the resulting thermal stability of the microstructure were determined. Mechanical processing and mechanical alloying with aluminum addition had little effect on the milled microstructure. Carbon and nitrogen additions resulted in the development of a second microstructure: a nano-size bct-Fe phase. Explosive compaction of mechanically processed powder produced dense samples with little change in nanostructure. Hardness measurements of the nanograin compacts showed that the Hall-Fetch relationship for mechanically processed iron powder remained valid down to nanocrystalline dimensions. C1 LOCKHEED IDAHO TECHNOL CO,INEL,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP Rawers, JC (reprint author), US BUR MINES,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00312-6 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800004 ER PT J AU Kung, H Jervis, TR Hirvonen, JP Mitchell, TE Nastasi, M AF Kung, H Jervis, TR Hirvonen, JP Mitchell, TE Nastasi, M TI Synthesis, structure and mechanical properties of nanostructured MoSi2Nx SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID HARDNESS AB A systematic study of the synthesis-structure-mechanical properties relationship is reported for MoSi2Nx films. MoSi2Nx films with nitrogen content x ranging between 0 and 4.2 were prepared by sputtering technique. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the as-sputtered and annealed microstructures when exposed to different annealing conditions. Nanoindentation was employed to characterize the mechanical response of the materials as a function of the structural changes. As-sputtered MoSi2Nx films exhibit an amorphous structure. Annealing at 900 degrees C causes different microstructural changes depending on the nitrogen content. The resulting microstructure consists of nanocrystalline C11(b)-MoSi2 for x=0, nanocrystalline C40 phase for x=1.5 and amorphous for x=2.95 and 4.2. The hardness of the as-sputtered MoSi2Nx films increases with nitrogen content to a maximum of 17.8 GPa (x similar to 3) and then decreases for higher nitrogen contents. Annealing at 500 degrees C and 900 degrees C, respectively, results in an increase in hardness. The rate of increase decreases with increasing nitrogen concentration. Increase in modulus is strongly related to the crystallization process, which is also affected by the nitrogen content in the MoSi2Nx films. These results suggest the possibility of engineering MoSi2Nx by varying the composition and heat treatment to produce suitable materials properties for different materials applications. C1 TECH RES CTR FINLAND,SF-02150 ESPOO,FINLAND. RP Kung, H (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00297-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800008 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Wall, MA AF Jankowski, AF Wall, MA TI Synthesis and characterization of nanophase face-centered-cubic titanium SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID NI/TI AB Unalloyed Ti is sputter deposited in the formation of two trilayer films. Each layer within the combinations of Ni-Ti-Ni and Ti-Ni-Ti is less than 0.1 mu m thick. High resolution imaging and electron diffraction results are presented for the microstructural characterization of both trilayer films. Nanophase fcc Ti is initially found in crystalline layers grown on Ni whereas hcp Ti is found in layers grown without a Ni epilayer. Conditions are further examined under which the fcc to hcp transition occurs for Ti deposited on Ni. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF,LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00316-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800009 ER PT J AU HajiMahmood, MS Chumbley, LS AF HajiMahmood, MS Chumbley, LS TI Processing and characterization of nanocrystalline molybdenum disilicide consolidated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID COMPOSITES; TEMPERATURE AB This research investigated the processing of nanocrystalline molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) into dense compacts by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Commercial Cerac MoSi2 powder was processed into nanocrystalline powder by high energy attrition. The attrited powder was CIPed and then HIPed at 800 degrees C, 1000 degrees C, and 1500 degrees C for two and four hours, respectively, to obtain a dense compact. The samples then were characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and quantitative metallography. Mechanical properties such as hardness, fracture toughness and elastic modulus were determined by microhardness tests and acoustic studies. This work will compare the processing characteristics of the nanocrystalline HIPed samples to those of conventional large-grained MoSi2 powder. In general, the nanocrystalline material showed improved HIPing characteristics along with improved machinability when compared to compacts made from conventional material pressed to a similar density. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP HajiMahmood, MS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00313-4 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800010 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Krueger, S Long, GG Kerch, HM Hahn, H Skandan, G AF Allen, AJ Krueger, S Long, GG Kerch, HM Hahn, H Skandan, G TI Small-angle neutron scattering studies of ceramic nanophase materials SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID POWDERS AB Undisturbed, representative microstructures in nanophase or nanostructured ceramic oxides can be non-destructively characterized using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). By using samples of sufficient size and uniformity to obtain absolutely-calibrated SANS data, and by utilizing a suitably-flexible microstructural model, quantitative parameters can be extracted for the statistically-significant grain/pore size distributions and surface-areas in a range of nanophase microstructures. It has been found that all of the observed SANS can be accounted for without including a low-density disordered phase. These issues are discussed with reference to sintering studies of nanostructured zirconia and yttria-stabilized zirconia, particularly an assessment of the effectiveness of vacuum-sinter-forging. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. US DOE,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,GERMANTOWN,DC 20585. TH DARMSTADT,DEPT MAT SCI,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH & MAT SCI,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hahn, Horst/G-9018-2011 OI Hahn, Horst/0000-0001-9901-3861 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00314-2 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800011 ER PT J AU Allard, LF Volkl, E Carim, A Datye, AK Ruoff, R AF Allard, LF Volkl, E Carim, A Datye, AK Ruoff, R TI Morphology and crystallography of nanoparticulates revealed by electron holography SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID CRYSTAL AB Electron holography permits the precise determination of aspects of the morphology of nanometer-sized particulates, because the pure phase information ill the image wave call be reconstructed and displayed. Profiles of intensity over the phase image are, in particularly advantageous cases, directly related to particle morphology, since the phase intensity for materials that are essentially kinematic scatterers and are of homogeneous composition is directly related to thickness. Holograms at high resolution can also be used for many other analyses of a material's structure; they provide,for example, a method for precise calibration of lattice spacings in nanometer-sized areas, that allows for the correlation of structure to processing parameters. Examples of the use of holography for studies of nanoparticles of oxides and model catalysts are given. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,COLLEGE PK,MD. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. SRI INT,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP Allard, LF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Ruoff, Rodney/B-7605-2009; Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015; OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00303-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800013 ER PT J AU Ice, GE Painter, GS Shaffer, L Sparks, CJ Averill, FW Jiang, X AF Ice, GE Painter, GS Shaffer, L Sparks, CJ Averill, FW Jiang, X TI Nanoscale structure in crystalline solid solution alloys SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LOCAL ORDER; DISPLACEMENTS; STATES; METALS AB The importance of local structure to the physical properties of alloys is receiving increasing attention. Recent measurements of the short-range nanoscale structure in metallic solid solution alloys reveal both the local chemical order and the chemically sensitive near neighbor distances. These measurements are made possible by intense and tunable synchrotron X radiation; X-ray energy is adjusted to vary the x-ray scattering contrast between atoms in the solid solution. We discuss the local structures in Ni/Fe binary alloys and compare the observed structures to trends calculated from first principles cluster models that identify the role of the focal bonding. The small cluster models are found to exhibit trends in agreement with measured Ni-Fe, Ni-Ni and Fe-Fe near neighbor distances. From the cluster models we infer the mechanisms responsible for the observed average lattice and pair correlation lengths in NiFe alloys. C1 JUDSON COLL,ELGIN,IL 60123. SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00302-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800014 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, MR Eastman, JA Robinson, RA Lynn, JW AF Fitzsimmons, MR Eastman, JA Robinson, RA Lynn, JW TI On the possibility of a two-state magnetic structure for nanocrystalline chromium SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME AB Wide-angle neutron diffraction measurements taken at temperatures from 6 to 250 K indicate that the portion of a chromium sample with a mean grain size of 73 nm is antiferromagnetically ordered at temperatures below 100 K. The Neel temperature (about 120 +/- 10 K) for this nanocrystalline sample is suppressed considerably below that of strain-free single-crystal chromium (311 K). Similar measurements of other samples indicate that the amount of antiferromagnetic order decreases with decreasing grain size. The grain size dependence of antiferromagnetic order is discussed in the context of a two-state model consisting of antiferromagnetically ordered cores surrounded by interfaces, which are not antiferromagnetically ordered. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP Fitzsimmons, MR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MANUEL LUJAN JR NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00298-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800016 ER PT J AU Bernardi, J Hutten, A Thomas, G AF Bernardi, J Hutten, A Thomas, G TI GMR behavior of nanostructured heterogeneous M-Co(M=Cu,Ag,Au) alloys SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID CU-CO ALLOYS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE AB Heterogeneous M-Co alloys (M = Cu, Ag, Au) have been observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic properties and the GMR effect are compared with the evolution of the microstructure after preparation of the samples and after annealing. Limiting effects in TEM that prevent resolving ferromagnetic Coprecipitates in Cu-Co or Ag-Co can be overcome by choosing the system Au-Co. Annealing causes a coarsening of the Co precipitates and an increase in the interparticle distance. Lorentz microscopy confirms single domain Co particles exist in as-quenched Au71.6Co28.4 ribbons, and multidomain Co particles in annealed ribbons, respectively. The changes in the grain size and the formation of multidomain particles can be exactly correlated with magnetic measurements. C1 VIENNA TECH UNIV,INST APPL & TECH PHYS,A-1040 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Bernardi, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Hutten, Andreas/B-3524-2011 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00310-X PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800019 ER PT J AU Walker, FJ McKee, RA AF Walker, FJ McKee, RA TI Thin-film perovskites-ferroelectric materials for integrated optics SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Metals-Minerals-and-Materials-Society (TMS) of AIME Symposium on the Structure and Properties of Nanophase Materials CY FEB, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Met Minerals & Mat Soc, AIME ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWTH; SILICON AB Optical guided wave (OGW) devices, based on LiNbO3, or GaAs, are commercially available products with established markets and applications. While LiNbO3 presently dominates the commercial applications, there are several drivers for the development of improved electro-optic (EO) materials. If the appropriate crystal quality could be obtained for thin-film BaTiO3 supported on MgO for example, or for an integrated BaTiO3/Mg structure on silicon or GaAs, then the optimum OGW device structure might be realized. We will report on our results for the growth of optical quality, epitaxial BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 on single-crystal MgO substrates using source shuttering molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. We will also discuss how these materials can be integrated onto silicon. Our MBE studies show that,for this important class of perovskite oxides, heteroepitaxy between the perovskites and alkaline earth oxides is dominated by interfacial electrostatics at the first atomic layers. We have been able to demonstrate that a layer-by-layer energy minimization associated with interfacial electrostatics leads to the growth of high quality thin films of these materials. We have fabricated wave guides from these materials, and the optical clarity and loss coefficients have been characterized and found to be comparable to in-diffused waveguide structures typically represented by Ti drifted LiNbO3. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Walker, FJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0965-9773(95)00306-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TZ968 UT WOS:A1996TZ96800020 ER PT B AU Leach, RR Dowla, FU AF Leach, RR Dowla, FU BE Usui, S Tohkura, Y Katagiri, S Wilson, E TI Earthquake early warning system using real-time signal processing SO NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (NNSP 96) CY SEP 04-06, 1996 CL SEIKA, JAPAN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Council, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Technol Res, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3550-3 PY 1996 BP 463 EP 472 DI 10.1109/NNSP.1996.548376 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG22Q UT WOS:A1996BG22Q00047 ER PT B AU Dowla, FU Skokowski, PG Leach, RR AF Dowla, FU Skokowski, PG Leach, RR BE Usui, S Tohkura, Y Katagiri, S Wilson, E TI Neural networks and wavelet analysis in the computer interpretation of pulse oximetry data SO NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (NNSP 96) CY SEP 04-06, 1996 CL SEIKA, JAPAN SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Council, Support Ctr Adv Telecommun Technol Res, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3550-3 PY 1996 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1109/NNSP.1996.548383 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG22Q UT WOS:A1996BG22Q00054 ER PT S AU Jagust, WJ AF Jagust, WJ BE Wurtman, RJ Corkin, S Growdon, JH Nitsch, RM TI Functional imaging patterns in Alzheimer's disease - Relationships to neurobiology SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Meeting of the International-Study-Group-on-the-Pharmacology-of-Memory-Disorders-Associ ated-with-Aging on the Neurobiology of Alzheimers Disease CY FEB 17-19, 1995 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Study Grp Pharm Memory Disorders Associated Aging, Ctr Brain Sci & Metabolism Charitable Trust, Cambridge Massachusetts, Alzheimers Assoc, French Fdn, Helen Bader Fdn, John D & Catherine T MacArthur Fdn ID BLOOD-FLOW; DEGENERATION; TOMOGRAPHY; DEMENTIA AB Brain imaging with functional techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been widely applied to the study of dementia. While the pattern of temporal and parietal hypometabolism and hypoperfusion have often been suggested to be of diagnostic utility in ascertaining that a dementia is due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the exact sensitivity and specificity of this pattern in clinically important situations is unclear. These imaging findings have been of considerable interest, however, in describing the regional patterns of predilection in the disease. Evidence supports the contention that the earliest sites of functional impairment in AD are in the temporal lobes. Surprisingly, however, mesial temporal lobe hypometabolism was difficult to detect in a group of mildly demented AD patients in comparison to a group of healthy older subjects. These results suggest that simple use of mesial temporal lobe metabolic rates as a diagnostic for AD may not be fruitful, and that evaluation of the earliest stages of AD can be most productively studied by investigating healthy older individuals. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NEUROL,ALZHEIMERS CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Jagust, WJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,55-121,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10129, AG07793] NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-974-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1996 VL 777 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34398.x PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BF30Z UT WOS:A1996BF30Z00004 PM 8624103 ER PT B AU Louis, WC AF Louis, WC BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI LSND neutrino oscillation results SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Louis, WC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00012 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Light-cone quantization and hadron structure SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 153 EP 181 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00017 ER PT B AU Heckler, AF AF Heckler, AF BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Formation of a photosphere around microscopic black holes SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Heckler, AF (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. RI Heckler, Andrew/A-7291-2010 OI Heckler, Andrew/0000-0001-5494-7855 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00024 ER PT B AU Riotto, A AF Riotto, A BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI A supersymmetric model for mixed dark matter SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Riotto, A (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00025 ER PT B AU Kolb, EW AF Kolb, EW BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Light photinos and supersymmetric dark matter SO NEUTRINO MASS, DARK MATTER, GRAVITATIONAL WAVES, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND LIGHT CONE QUANTIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Orbis Scientiae 1996 Focusing on Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Gravitational Waves, Monopole Condensation, and Light Cone Quantization CY JAN 25-28, 1996 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP Global Fdn Inc RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45391-6 PY 1996 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG69C UT WOS:A1996BG69C00026 ER PT S AU Price, DL AF Price, DL BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Neutron scattering facilities - History, performance, and prospects SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE RP Price, DL (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00003 ER PT S AU Pynn, R AF Pynn, R BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Neutron scattering instrumentation for biology at spallation neutron sources SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE RP Pynn, R (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00005 ER PT S AU Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B AF Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI High precision thermal neutron detectors SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB Two-dimensional position sensitive detectors are indispensable in neutron diffraction experiments for determination of molecular and crystal structures in biology, solid-state physics and polymer chemistry. Some performance characteristics of these detectors are elementary and obvious, such as the position resolution, number of resolution elements, neutron detection efficiency, counting rate and sensitivity to gamma-ray background. High performance detectors are distinguished by more subtle characteristics such as the stability of the response (efficiency) versus position, stability of the recorded neutron positions, dynamic range, blooming or halo effects. While relatively few of them are needed around the world, these high performance devices are sophisticated and fairly complex; their development requires very specialized efforts. In this context, we describe here a program of detector development, based on He-3 filled proportional chambers, which has been underway for some years at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Fundamental approaches and practical considerations are outlined that have resulted in a series of high performance detectors with the best known position resolution, position stability, uniformity of response and reliability over time, for devices of this type. RP Radeka, V (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00007 ER PT S AU Korszum, ZR Saxena, AM Schneider, DK AF Korszum, ZR Saxena, AM Schneider, DK BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Structural biology facilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory's high flux beam reactor SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB The techniques for determining the structure of biological molecules and larger biological assemblies depend on the extent of order in the particular system. At the High Flux Beam Reactor at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Biology Department operates three beam lines dedicated to biological structure studies. These beam lines span the resolution range from approximately 700 Angstrom to approximately 1.5 Angstrom and are designed to perform structural studies on a wide range of biological systems. Beam line H3A is dedicated to single crystal diffraction studies of macromolecules, while beam line H3B is designed to study diffraction from partially ordered systems such as biological membranes. Beam line H9B is located on the cold source and is designed for small angle scattering experiments on oligomeric biological systems. RP Korszum, ZR (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00009 ER PT S AU Graziano, V Gerchman, SE Schneider, DK Ramakrishnan, V AF Graziano, V Gerchman, SE Schneider, DK Ramakrishnan, V BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Neutron scattering studies on chromatin higher-order structure SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB We have been engaged in studies of the structure and condensation of chromatin into the 30nm filament using small-angle neutron scattering. We have also used deuterated histone H1 to determine its location in the chromatin 30nm filament. Our studies indicate that chromatin condenses with increasing ionic strength to a limiting structure that has a mass per unit length of 6-7 nucleosomes/11nm. They also show that the linker histone H1/H5 is located in the interior of the chromatin filament, in a position compatible with its binding to the inner face of the nucleosome. Analysis of the mass per unit length as a function of H5 stoichiometry suggests that 5-7 contiguous nucleosomes need to have H5 bound before a stable higher order structure can exist. RP Graziano, V (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. OI Ramakrishnan, V/0000-0002-4699-2194 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 42796] NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 127 EP 136 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00013 PM 9031508 ER PT S AU Olah, GA Trewhella, J AF Olah, GA Trewhella, J BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI The structure of the muscle protein complex 4Ca(2+)-troponin C-troponin I - Monte Carlo modeling analysis of small-angle X-ray data SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB Analysis of scattering data based on a Monte Carlo integration method was used to obtain a low resolution model of the 4Ca(2+). troponin C . troponin I complex. This modeling method allows rapid testing of plausible structures where the best fit model can be ascertained by a comparison between model structure scattering profiles and measured scattering data. In the best fit model, troponin I appears as a spiral structure that wraps around 4Ca(2+). troponin C which adopts an extended dumbbell conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structures of troponin C. The Monte Carlo modeling method can be applied to other biological systems in which detailed structural information is lacking. RP Olah, GA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,MAIL STOP J586,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. OI Trewhella, Jill/0000-0002-8555-6766 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40528] NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 137 EP 147 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00014 PM 9031509 ER PT S AU Hjelm, RP Thiyagarajan, P Hoffman, A Schteingart, C AlkanOnyuksel, H AF Hjelm, RP Thiyagarajan, P Hoffman, A Schteingart, C AlkanOnyuksel, H BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Probing self assembly in biological mixed colloids by SANS, deuteration, and molecular manipulation SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB Small-angle neutron scattering was used to obtain information on the form and molecular arrangement of particles in mixed colloids of bile salts with phosphatidylcholine, and bile salts with monoolein. Both types of systems showed the same general characteristics. The particle form was highly dependent on total lipid concentration. At the highest concentrations the particles were globular mixed micelles with an overall size of 50 Angstrom. As the concentration was reduced the mixed micelles elongated, becoming rodlike with diameter about 50 Angstrom. The rods had a radial core-shell structure in which the phosphatidylchorine or monoolein fatty tails were arranged radially to form the core with the headgroups pointing outward to form the shell. The bile salts were at the interface between the shell and core with the hydrophilic parts facing outward as part of the shell. The lengths of the rods increased and became more polydispersed with dilution. At sufficiently low concentrations the mixed micelles transformed into single bilayer vesicles. These results give insight on the physiological function of bile and on the rules governing the self assembly of bile particles in the hepatic duct and the small intestine. RP Hjelm, RP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,H805,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 21506] NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00016 PM 9031511 ER PT S AU Gu, W Garcia, AE Schoenborn, BP AF Gu, W Garcia, AE Schoenborn, BP BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Understanding water - Molecular dynamics simulations of myoglobin SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on CO myoglobin to evaluate the stability of the bound water molecules as determined in a neutron diffraction analysis. The myoglobin structure derived from the neutron analysis provided the starting coordinate set used in the simulations. The simulations show that only a few water molecules are tightly bound to protein atoms, while most solvent molecules are labile, breaking and reforming hydrogen bonds. Comparison between myoglobin in solution and in a single crystal highlighted some of the packing effects on the solvent structure and shows that water solvent plays an indispensable role in protein dynamics and structural stability. The described observations explain some of the differences in the experimental results of protein hydration as observed in NMR, neutron and X-ray diffraction studies. RP Gu, W (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00025 PM 9092458 ER PT S AU Garcia, AE Hummer, G Soumpasis, DM AF Garcia, AE Hummer, G Soumpasis, DM BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Theoretical description of biomolecular hydration - Application to A-DNA SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB The local density of water molecules around a biomolecule is constructed from calculated two- and three-points correlation functions of polar solvents in water using a Potential-of-Mean-Force (PMF) expansion. As a simple approximation, the hydration of all polar (including charged) groups in a biomolecule is represented by the hydration of water oxygen in bulk water, and the effect of non-polar groups on hydration are neglected, except for excluded volume effects. Pair and triplet correlation functions are calculated by molecular dynamics simulations. We present calculations of the structural hydration for ideal A-DNA molecules with sequences [d(CG)(5)](2) and [d(C(5)G(5))](2). We find that this method can accurately reproduce the hydration patterns of A-DNA observed in neutron diffraction experiments on oriented DNA fibers (P. Langan et al. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 10, 489 (1992)). RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,THEORET BIOL & BIOPHYS GRP,T10,MS K710,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00026 PM 9031515 ER PT S AU Daniels, BV Schoenborn, BP Korszun, ZR AF Daniels, BV Schoenborn, BP Korszun, ZR BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Myoglobin solvent structure at different temperatures SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB The structure of the solvent surrounding myoglobin crystals has been analyzed using neutron diffraction data, and the results indicate that the water around the protein is not disordered, but rather lies in well-defined hydration shells. We have analyzed the structure of the solvent surrounding the protein by collecting neutron diffraction data at four different temperatures, namely, 80, 130, 180, and 240K. Relative Wilson Statistics applied to low resolution data showed evidence of a phase transition in the region of 180K. A plot of the liquidity factor, B-sn, versus distance from the protein surface begins with a high plateau near the surface of the protein and drops to two minima at distances from the protein surface of about 2,35 Angstrom and 3.85 Angstrom. Two distinct hydration shells are observed. Both hydration shells are observed to expand as the temperature is increased. RP Daniels, BV (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00028 PM 9031517 ER PT S AU Schoenborn, BP Pitcher, E AF Schoenborn, BP Pitcher, E BE Schoenborn, BP Knott, RB TI Neutron diffractometers for structural biology at spallation neutron sources SO NEUTRONS IN BIOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutrons in Biology CY OCT 24-28, 1994 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Union Crystallog, US DOE AB Spallation neutron sources are ideal for diffraction studies of proteins and oriented molecular complexes (Schoenborn, 1992a). With spallation neutrons and their time dependent wavelength structure, it is easy to electronically select data with an optimal wavelength bandwidth and cover the whole Laue spectrum as time (wavelength) resolved snapshots. This optimizes data quality with best peak-to-background ratios and provides adequate spatial and energy resolution to eliminate peak overlaps. The application of this concept will use choppers to select the desired Laue wavelength spectrum and employ focusing optics and large cylindrical He-3 detectors to optimize data collection rates. Such a diffractometer will cover a Laue wavelength range from 1 to 5 Angstrom with a flight path length of 10m and an energy resolution of 0.25 Angstrom. Moderator concepts for maximal flux distribution within this energy range will be discussed using calculated flux profiles. Since the energy resolution required for such timed data collection in this super Laue techniques is not very high, the use of a linac only (LAMPF) spallation target is an exciting possibility with an order of magnitude increase in flux. RP Schoenborn, BP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,M888,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-45368-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1996 VL 64 BP 433 EP 444 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BH15Y UT WOS:A1996BH15Y00037 ER PT B AU Melendres, CA AF Melendres, CA BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI "In-situ" laser Raman and infrared spectroscopic studies of anodic corrosion films on metals SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met ID REFLECTION ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SODIUM-HYDROXIDE SOLUTION; PASSIVE FILMS; OXIDE-FILMS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; IRON ELECTRODES; SULFURIC-ACID; NICKEL; PLATINUM; OXIDATION AB Vibrational spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques are used to provide information on the structure and composition of corrosion films on metal surfaces "in-situ" in aqueous solution environments. It is shown how surface enhancement of the Raman signal by electrodeposited silver allows determination of the anodic corrosion films on nickel as a function of applied potential. Both Ni(OH), and NiO are present in the surface film in the primary passivation region. The film in the transpassive region is identified as NiOOH and is stable on the surface up to at least 150 degrees C. The corrosion films on iron in carbonate solutions consist of Fe(OH)(2), Fe3O4, and FeOOH in the temperature range of 25 to 75 degrees C. Siderite (FeCO3) is observed in the film at pH 8.7, 25 degrees C and potentials between -0.7 V and -0.5 V vs. SCE. The use of a synchrotron source for far infrared spectroscopic studies of copper and platinum is demonstrated for the first time. The surface films on copper in alkaline solution consist of Cu2O, CuO, and Cu(OH)(2). The initial oxide film on platinum is most likely Pt(OH)(4). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Melendres, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 33 EP 51 PG 19 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800003 ER PT B AU Baer, DR Wang, LQ Shultz, AN Daschbach, JL Hetherington, WM Engelhard, MH AF Baer, DR Wang, LQ Shultz, AN Daschbach, JL Hetherington, WM Engelhard, MH BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI Defect generation and interactions with small molecules on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface in vacuum and solution SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met ID TIO2(110); ADSORPTION AB The creation and interactions of defects on the surface of futile TiO2 (110) with O-2, H2O, and formic acid (HCOOH) have been examined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy, second harmonic generation and electrochemical methods. Defects have been created by electron, photon, or ion bombardment of the surface. Measurements show that, at room temperature, the electronic defect states are healed by low exposures to O-2 (or N2O) and much higher exposures of H2O. Little or no healing is observed at room temperature for formic acid, although healing will occur if extra energy is introduced (heating or electron beam exposure). A submonolayer coating of formic acid will block healing by O-2. The electrochemical measurements (Mott-Schottky plots) were found to be sensitive to the presence of surface defects, as well as any other defects present in the space charge region. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 73 EP 87 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800005 ER PT B AU Moody, NR Angelo, JE Foiles, SM Baskes, MI AF Moody, NR Angelo, JE Foiles, SM Baskes, MI BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI Atomistic simulation of the hydrogen-induced fracture process in an iron-based superalloy SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; METALS; NICKEL; EMBRITTLEMENT; SEGREGATION; TOUGHNESS; DEFECTS; ALLOYS; STRESS AB Austenitic superalloys exhibit dramatic reductions in ductility and crack growth resistance when high fugacity hydrogen and hydrogen-producing environments trigger a change in fracture mode from microvoid coalescence to slip band and intergranular fracture. Of particular importance is the change to intergranular fracture. We have therefore combined the Embedded Atom Method (EAM) with Monte Carlo simulations and molecular dynamics calculations to help define the effects of hydrogen on segregation and fracture at the atomic level. Nickel was used to simulate the face-centered-cubic austenite lattice while symmetric and asymmetric Sigma 9 tilt boundaries were used to simulate grain boundaries. These simulations show that grain boundaries are strong trap sites for hydrogen. They further show that hydrogen dramatically reduces the bond strength between atoms at grain boundary sites while inhibiting dislocation generation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 91 EP 104 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800006 ER PT B AU Simonen, EP Jones, RH Windisch, CF AF Simonen, EP Jones, RH Windisch, CF BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI A transport model for characterizing crack tip chemistry and mechanics during stress corrosion cracking SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met ID CALCIUM NITRATE; PHOSPHORUS; NICKEL; IRON AB Crack-tip aqueous chemistry influences the initiation and propagation of stress corrosion cracks during anodic dissolution. Because stress corrosion cracks have small, restricted volumes, crack-tip chemistry is difficult to characterize experimentally. Transport calculations for corroding species and mechanics calculations for crack opening volume are useful for characterizing crack-tip chemistry. Corrosion rates at both the crack walls and at the crack tip influence tip chemistry. Chemical reactions within the crack, diffusion, electromigration, and mechanical opening of the crack also influence tip chemistry. Predictions of chemistry and crack growth behavior for corroding Ni and Fe are described. For Ni, the study predicts formation of a salt film at the crack tip when stress intensities are near the cracking threshold for long cracks and for early stages of growth for short cracks. For Fe, the predicted crack tip pH is strongly influenced by assumptions of competing chemical reactions. The influences of competing reactions on pH change in cracks and artificial crevices are evaluated. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simonen, EP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 141 EP 160 PG 20 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800010 ER PT B AU Thomas, LE Charlot, LA Bruemmer, SM AF Thomas, LE Charlot, LA Bruemmer, SM BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI High-resolution analytical electron microscopy of intergranular stress corrosion cracks SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met AB Primary and secondary stress-corrosion cracks in environmentally cracked alloy 600 tubing from a model boiler test were prepared in cross-sectional samples and examined by high-resolution methods in a field-emission transmission electron microscope. The analysis methods included high-resolution lattice imaging, micro- and nanodiffraction, Fourier Transform diffractometry and fine-spot energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS). The sample preparation method of Lewis et al. was adapted to prepare thin crack wall and crack-tip regions for the high-resolution analysis. Examinations of the thin oxide layers and corrosion-product fill material in narrow (1 to 30 nm) cracks revealed derails of the corrosion microstructures and microchemistries at resolutions approaching the nanometer scale. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, LE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 175 EP 191 PG 17 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800012 ER PT B AU Li, HX Jones, RH Hirth, JP AF Li, HX Jones, RH Hirth, JP BE Jones, RH Baer, DR TI Effect of loading mode on hydrogen embrittlement and aqueous stress corrosion crack growth SO NEW TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING CORROSION AND STRESS CORROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Techniques for Characterizing Corrosion and Stress Corrosion at the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 1995 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP TMS, AIME, Mat Sci Div Amer Soc Met ID ASSISTED DUCTILE FRACTURE; SPHEROIDIZED 1520 STEEL; NOTCHED BEND SPECIMENS; STAINLESS-STEEL; PLANE-STRAIN; ROTOR STEEL; TOUGHNESS; IRON AB The effect of hydrogen (H) on the mixed-mode I/III J-integrals (J(mq)) was examined for a martensitic stainless steel. As compared to the steel tested without H, H decreased J(mq) values. The J(Iq) exhibited the highest relative values. The minimum values J(mq) occurred at crack angles between 35 and 55 degrees, where P-iii /(P-iii + P-i) = 0.4 and 0.6. The effect of mixed-mode I/III loading on the stress corrosion crack growth rate of a sensitized type 304 stainless steel was studied in a 6.8 x 10(-4) M Na2S2O3 solution at 50 degrees C. Results showed that the introduction of the mode III load component increased the stage II crack growth rate. An interpretation of loading mode influence on film rupture and SCC velocity is presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, HX (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-325-2 PY 1996 BP 217 EP 231 PG 15 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM48N UT WOS:000078876800014 ER PT B AU Doran, JC Zhong, S Berkowitz, CM AF Doran, JC Zhong, S Berkowitz, CM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Boundary-layer processes responsible for the formation of anomalous ozone profiles over the North Atlantic SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00021 ER PT J AU Griggs, DP AF Griggs, DP GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Prognostic modeling of long-range atmospheric pollutant transport for ETEX SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00026 ER PT J AU Pace, JC Pobanz, BM Foster, CS Baskett, RL Vogt, PJ Schalk, WW AF Pace, JC Pobanz, BM Foster, CS Baskett, RL Vogt, PJ Schalk, WW GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Evaluation of ARAC's participation in a long-range transport experiment SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV REG ATMOSPHER SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00027 ER PT B AU Berkowitz, CM Fast, JD AF Berkowitz, CM Fast, JD GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The influence of regional-scale atmospheric circulations on chemical mixing over the western North Atlantic SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00028 ER PT J AU Parker, MJ AF Parker, MJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI A new low threshold bi-directional wind vane and its potential impact on unplanned atmospheric release prediction SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 166 EP 169 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00039 ER PT J AU Sugiyama, G Rodriguez, D Lee, RL AF Sugiyama, G Rodriguez, D Lee, RL GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Diagnostic modeling for real-time emergency response SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00042 ER PT J AU Foster, KT AF Foster, KT GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The design and implementation of an operational model evaluation system SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,REG ATMOSPHER SCI DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00085 ER PT J AU Costigan, KR Flicker, DG AF Costigan, KR Flicker, DG GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Numerical predictions of the atmospheric circulations and dispersion of toxic releases in complex terrain SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 406 EP 408 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00092 ER PT J AU Bowen, BM AF Bowen, BM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Neutral surface layer turbulence over complex terrain SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00094 ER PT J AU Porch, W AF Porch, W GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI The effect of a Small Creek valley on drainage flows in the Rocky Flats region SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 459 EP 463 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00105 ER PT J AU Vold, E Chan, M Sanders, L AF Vold, E Chan, M Sanders, L GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Preliminary results from the Los Alamos TA54 complex terrain Atmospheric Transport Study (ATS) SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 464 EP 468 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00106 ER PT J AU Shannon, JD Camp, J Trexler, EC AF Shannon, JD Camp, J Trexler, EC GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Effects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments on distributions of visual impairment SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 570 EP 574 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00130 ER PT S AU Pagoria, PF Mitchell, AR Schmidt, RD Coon, CL Jessop, ES AF Pagoria, PF Mitchell, AR Schmidt, RD Coon, CL Jessop, ES BE Albright, LF Carr, RVC Schmitt, RJ TI New nitration and nitrolysis procedures in the synthesis of energetic materials SO NITRATION: RECENT LABORATORY AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nitration - Recent Laboratory and Industrial Developments, at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem Inc ID TRIFLUOROACETIC-ANHYDRIDE AB The development of new nitrolysis and nitration reagents are essential to the research and development of energetic materials. In this paper we describe the development of two new nitrolysis reagents, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride/HNO3/N2O5 and trifluoroacetic anhydride/HNO3/N2O5, which were uniquely successful in the nitrolysis of secondary amide groups to yield several new, bicyclic nitramines. An alternative method for the synthesis of secondary nitramines by the mild nitrolysis of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (N-BOC) derivatives and the attempted synthesis of O-18-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and (NaNO3)-O-18 at elevated temperatures are also described. RP Pagoria, PF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ENERGET MAT CTR,POB 808,L-282,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3393-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 623 BP 151 EP 164 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BF54K UT WOS:A1996BF54K00014 ER PT S AU Paliani, CM Kozaczek, KJ Queeney, RA AF Paliani, CM Kozaczek, KJ Queeney, RA BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI Residual stress depth profiles of ausrolled 9310 gear steel SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE ausforming; ausrolling; gears; marquenching; X-ray diffraction; residual stress; retained austenite AB Residual Stress analysis utilizing x-ray diffraction in conjunction with material removal by chemical polishing provides a very effective method of analyzing the near surface residual stress profile of steels. In this experiment, residual stress profiling has been used to analyze the effects of surface ausrolling during the marquenching of a 9310 gear steel which has been carburized to 2% carbon. The ausrolling process is an advanced thermomechanical processing technique used to ausform only the critical surface layer of gears sind produce a hard, tough, fine-grained martensitic product. This study compares the residual stress profile of a marquenched specimen with a moderately deformed ausrolled specimen and with a heavily deformed ausrolled specimen, hi order to correlate the effects of residual stress with the improved fatigue properties of the gear steel. While no significant variation was observed between the residual stress profile of the marquenched specimens (no deformation) and the line contact ausrolled specimens (moderate deformation), significant increases in the amount of compressive residual stress was noted in the residual stress profile of the point contact ausrolled (heavily deformed) samples. The maximum increase in compressive residual stress due to point contact ausrolling was approximately 500 MPa, when compared to the marquenched sample. This increased residual compressive stress will lower the effective shear stresses during rolling contact fatigue and would therefore explain some of the increase the rolling contact fatigue endurance of the point contact ausrolled specimens. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Paliani, CM (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, 227 HAMMOND BLDG, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 147 EP 154 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00020 ER PT S AU Kozaczek, KJ Book, GW Watkins, TR Carter, WB AF Kozaczek, KJ Book, GW Watkins, TR Carter, WB BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI X-ray diffraction characterization of thin superconductive films SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE texture; thin films; high T-c superconductors; X-ray diffraction ID REFLECTION METHOD; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TEXTURE ANALYSIS AB The physical and mechanical properties of thin films are often different from the properties of bulk material and are dictated by the film/substrate orientation relationship, crystal anisotropy and crystallographic texture of the film. X-ray diffraction texture analysis provides information about preferential film growth and can be used for optimization of deposition parameters and prediction of properties of thin films. An x-ray back reflection technique using the Bragg-Brentano geometry with experimental corrections for absorption and defocusing was used to study thin ceramic films deposited by combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). The film/substrate orientation relationships of YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) superconducting thin films deposited via CCVD on single crystal MgO and polycrystalline silver substrates were studied. The as-deposited films on single crystal (100) MgO substrates showed strong preferential growth with the basal plane parallel to the substrate surface (c-axis up growth). Texture analysis showed two in-plane alignment orientations of the film with respect to the substrate, with YBCO [100] and [110] aligned with the [100] MgO substrate. YBCO films deposited on cold-rolled polycrystalline silver displayed c-axis up growth indicating that the orientation of the polycrystalline substrate (brass type texture) did not induce detectable in-plane preferential growth of the YBCO. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH MAT SCI & ENGN, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. RP Kozaczek, KJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, HIGH TEMP MAT LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 203 EP 210 PN 1 & 2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00027 ER PT S AU Kozaczek, KJ Hubbard, CR Watkins, TR Wang, XL Spooner, S AF Kozaczek, KJ Hubbard, CR Watkins, TR Wang, XL Spooner, S BE Bartos, AL Green, RE Ruud, CO TI Diffraction techniques in engineering applications SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS VII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nondestructive Characterization of Materials CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing Inc, NIST, Natl Sci Fdn DE X-ray diffraction; neutron diffraction; residual stress; strain; texture AB Diffraction techniques applied to crystalline materials provide quantitative information about the crystallographic structure and mechanical condition of the material. Those two characteristics influence the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of a component. A concerted application of x-ray and neutron diffraction allows one to comprehensively study the bulk and subsurface variations of such material characteristics as crystallographic texture, residual stress, and cold work. The Residual Stress User Center at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory offers academic and industrial researchers both neutron and x-ray diffraction capabilities. Recent examples of the application of work related to thin film, metal, ceramic and composite material technologies are presented. RP Kozaczek, KJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, HIGH TEMP MAT LAB, RESIDUAL STRESS USER CTR, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-708-0 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1996 VL 210-2 BP 703 EP 709 PN 1 & 2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BH18C UT WOS:A1996BH18C00094 ER PT B AU Buck, O Barnard, DJ AF Buck, O Barnard, DJ BE Liaw, PK Buck, O Arsenault, RJ Green, RE TI Materials properties and acoustic harmonic generation SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nondestructive Evaluation and Materials Properties III, at the 1996 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 06-10, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat Comm, Amer Soc Met Int AB The paper describes an attempt to determine the effects of the weakened mechanical properties of materials by nonlinear acoustics. Two examples with different mechanisms for acoustic harmonic generation are being discussed. In the first example damage is caused by "thermal embrittlement" during which the material, Inconel 718, loses a significant fraction of its fracture toughness. In the second example, diffusion couples of different bond strengths, producing a more or less perfect interface, are being studied. Both types of "damage" produce observable effects on harmonic generation. The results for the diffusion bonds agree well with expectations from an interface model for harmonic generation. An explanation for the effects of embrittlement are more speculative at the present time. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buck, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-343-0 PY 1996 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM49H UT WOS:000078896400001 ER PT B AU Schilling, CH Smith, RM Roberts, RA AF Schilling, CH Smith, RM Roberts, RA BE Liaw, PK Buck, O Arsenault, RJ Green, RE TI Ultrasonic analysis of alumina powder compacts SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nondestructive Evaluation and Materials Properties III, at the 1996 TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 06-10, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Nucl Mat Comm, Amer Soc Met Int ID PARTICLE PACKING; SINTERED CERAMICS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HYDRATION FORCES; GREEN; SUSPENSIONS; SLURRIES; ATTENUATION; CONSOLIDATION; POTENTIALS AB Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements provide useful information on the mechanical behavior of particle-particle contacts in densely-packed, particulate media. Such measurements were performed on compacts of submicron alumina powder as a function of the packing density, the sintering temperature, and the degree of flocculation during slurry filtration. Green specimens containing adlayers of maltodextrin or oxalic acid on powder surfaces exhibited increases in longitudinal velocity, suggesting that these adlayers stiffened particle-particle contacts. Longitudinal velocity measurements also indicated that this effect disappeared after removing these adlayers by pyrolysis. Significant increases in longitudinal velocity and significant decreases in attenuation were observed upon heating all specimens to temperatures as low as 700 degrees C. These results suggested the formation of particle-particle necks by solid-state sintering. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Schilling, CH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-343-0 PY 1996 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BM49H UT WOS:000078896400003 ER PT B AU Gibbons, MR Richards, WJ Shields, K AF Gibbons, MR Richards, WJ Shields, K BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Detection of hydrogen in titanium aircraft components using neutron tomography SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE hydrogen embrittlement; neutron tomography; neutron radiography; neutron nondestructive evaluation AB Hydrogen embrittlement of metal alloys used in aircraft components can cause serious deterioration of the mechanical properties of those components. Especially vulnerable are titanium jet engine fan blades which are exposed to hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures. For this reason nondestructive detection of hydrogen down to concentrations of a few hundred ppm mill be a significant addition to maintenance inspection capabilities. The McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center (MNRC) is investigating the use of neutron tomography to obtain quantitative hydrogen concentration information. This paper reports results of the characterization of this system. Image resolutions of a few hundred microns and noise signals of 5% have been found. The signal for hydrogen at a few hundred ppm has been found to be above the noise. The measured attenuation coefficients for titanium and hydrogen show beam hardening behavior consistent with the neutron beam energy spectrum. Reconstruction of titanium aircraft engine fan blades show artifacts which may mask hydrogen concentrations as low as 100 ppm; however, procedures for removing those artifacts are presented. RP Gibbons, MR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST SCI COMP RES,POB 808,L-418,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.259083 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00013 ER PT B AU Spencer, FW AF Spencer, FW BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Visual inspection reliability of transport aircraft SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE visual inspection; probability of detection; inspector variation AB The Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center has sponsored a Visual inspection Reliability Program at its Airworthiness Assurance Nondestructive inspection Validation Center (AANC). We report on the results of the benchmark phase of that program in which 12 inspectors were observed in two days of inspections on a Boeing 737 aircraft. All of the inspectors were currently employed with major airlines and all had experience inspecting the Boeing 737 aircraft. Each inspector spent 2 days at the AANC facility where they inspected to the same ten job cards. Each inspector was videotaped and all nonroutine repair actions (squawks) were recorded for each inspector. Background information on each of the inspectors, including vision test results, was also gathered. The inspection results were correlated with the background variables. Aviation experience and a test time reflecting visual acuity were significantly correlated with performance factors. An analysis of the video tapes was performed to separate decision errors from search errors. Probability of detection curves were fit to the results of inspecting for cracks from beneath rivet heads in a task using prepared samples with known cracks. RP Spencer, FW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,FAA AIRWORTHINESS ASSURANCE NDI VALIDAT CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 160 EP 171 DI 10.1117/12.259089 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00018 ER PT B AU Beattie, AG Shurtleff, WW AF Beattie, AG Shurtleff, WW BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Development of an acoustic emission test for aircraft fire extinguisher bottles SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE acoustic emission; Halon 1301; aircraft; fire extinguishers; NDT AB An acoustic emission tester for aircraft Halon bottles has been developed. The necessary load is applied by heating the bottles. Acoustic emission is monitored during the heating by six sensors held in position by a special fixture. This fixture was designed to fit spheres with diameters between 5 and 16 inches. A prototype has been undergoing testing in two commercial Halon bottle repair and test facilities. Results to date indicate that about 97 percent of the bottles tested show no indications of any flaws. The other three percent have had indications of flaws in non-critical areas of the bottles. All bottles tested to date have passed the hydrostatic test required by the DOT. RP Beattie, AG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 9742,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.259097 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00026 ER PT B AU Roach, D Moore, D Walkington, P AF Roach, D Moore, D Walkington, P BE Rempt, RD Broz, AL TI Nondestructive inspection of bonded composite doublers for aircraft SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF AGING AIRCRAFT, AIRPORTS, AND AEROSPACE HARDWARE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Aircraft, Airports, and Aerospace Hardware CY DEC 03-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, FAA, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE composites; disbonds; delaminations; nondestructive inspection; aircraft repairs AB One of the major thrusts established under the FAA's National Aging Aircraft Research Program is to foster new technologies associated with civil aircraft maintenance; Recent DOD and other government developments in the use of bonded composite doublers on metal structures has supported the need for research and validation of such doubler applications on U.S. certificated airplanes. Composite doubler technology is rapidly maturing and shows promise of cost savings on aging aircraft. While there have been numerous studies and military aircraft installations of composite doublers, the technology has not been certified for use on commercial aircraft. Before the use of composite doublers can be accepted by the civil aviation industry, it is imperative that methods be developed which can quickly and reliably assess the integrity of the doubler. In this study, a specific composite application was chosen on an L-1011 aircraft in order to focus the tasks on application and operation issues. Primary among inspection requirements for these doublers is the identification of disbonds, between the composite laminate and aluminum parent material, and delaminations in the composite laminate. Surveillance of cracks or corrosion in the parent aluminum material beneath the doubler is also a concern. No single nondestructive inspection (NDI) method can inspect for every flaw type, therefore it is important to be aware of available NDI techniques and to properly address their capabilities and limitations. This paper reports on a series of NDI tests which have been conducted on laboratory test structures and on a fuselage section cut from a retired L-1011 aircraft. Specific challenges, unique to bonded composite doubler applications, will be highlighted. in order to quickly integrate this technology into existing aircraft maintenance depots, the use of conventional NDI, ultrasonics, X-ray, and eddy current, is stressed. The application of these NDI techniques to composite doublers and the results from test specimens, which were loaded to provide a changing flaw profile, are presented in this paper. The development of appropriate inspection calibration standards will also be discussed. RP Roach, D (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,FAA,AIRWORTHINESS ASSURANCE NDI VALIDAT CTR,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2349-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2945 BP 304 EP 317 DI 10.1117/12.259105 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BG82A UT WOS:A1996BG82A00033 ER PT B AU DelGrande, NK Durbin, PF Logan, CM Perkins, DE Schaich, PC AF DelGrande, NK Durbin, PF Logan, CM Perkins, DE Schaich, PC BE Chase, SB TI Demonstration of dual-band infrared thermal imaging at Grass Valley Creek Bridges SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF BRIDGES AND HIGHWAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridges and Highways CY DEC 04-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE dual-band infrared; thermal imaging; nondestructive evaluation; bridge deck inspections AB We demonstrated dual-band infrared (DBIR) thermal imaging at the Grass Valley Creek Bridges near Redding CA. DBIR thermal imaging is an enabling technology for rapid, reliable, bridge deck inspections while minimizing lane closures. The bridge-deck inspections were conducted from a mobile DBIR bridge inspection laboratory during November 2-3, 1995. We drove this self-contained unit at limited highway speeds over 0.4 lane miles of bridge deck. Using two thermal IR bands, we distinguished delaminations from clutter. Clutter, or unwanted thermal detail, occurs from foreign materials or uneven shade on the bridge deck surface. By mapping the DBIR spectral-response differences at 3-5 mu m and 8-12 mu m, we removed foreign material clutter. By mapping the deck diurnal thermal inertia variations, we removed clutter from uneven shade. Thermal inertia is a bulk deck property, the square root of thermal conductivity x density x heat capacity. Delaminated decks have below-average thermal inertias, or above-average day-night temperature excursions. Compared to normal decks areas, delaminated deck areas were typically 2 or 3 degrees C wanner at noon, and 0.5 degrees C cooler at night. The mobile DBIR bridge inspection laboratory is currently undergoing extensive testing to examine bridges by the Federal Highway Administration. RP DelGrande, NK (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2350-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2946 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.259134 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG84P UT WOS:A1996BG84P00016 ER PT B AU Azevedo, SG Mast, JE Nelson, SD Rosenbury, ET Jones, HE McEwan, TE Mullenhoff, DJ Hugenberger, RE Stever, RD Warhus, JP Wieting, MG AF Azevedo, SG Mast, JE Nelson, SD Rosenbury, ET Jones, HE McEwan, TE Mullenhoff, DJ Hugenberger, RE Stever, RD Warhus, JP Wieting, MG BE Chase, SB TI HERMES: A high-speed radar imaging system for inspection of bridge decks SO NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF BRIDGES AND HIGHWAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Bridges and Highways CY DEC 04-05, 1996 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Fed Highway Adm, Nondestruct Testing Informat Anal Ctr, Air Force Wright Lab, Pressure Vessel Res Council, Mat Properties Council Inc, US DOE, DARPA, NIST, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Soc Exptl Mech, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fed Aviat Adm, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, CalTrans, Elect Power Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab DE ground-penetrating radar; bridge inspection; nondestructive evaluation; concrete delamination; rebar corrosion; diffraction tomography; road-bed imaging; impulse radar; synthetic aperture radar imaging AB Corrosion of rebar in concrete bridges causes subsurface cracks and is a major cause of structural degradation that necessitates repair or replacement. Early detection of corrosion effects can limit the location and extent of necessary repairs, while providing long-term information about the infrastructure status. Most current detection methods, however, are destructive of the road surface and require closing or restricting traffic while the tests are performed. A ground-penetrating radar imaging system has been designed and developed that will perform the nondestructive evaluation of road-bed cracking at traffic speeds; Le., without the need to restrict traffic flow. The first-generation system (called the HERMES bridge inspector), consists of an offset-linear array of 64 impulse radar transceivers and associated electronics housed in a trailer. Computers in the trailer and in the towing vehicle control the data acquisition, processing, and display. Cross-road resolution is three centimeters at up to 30 cm in depth, while down-road resolution depends on speed; 3 cm below 20 mph up to 8 cm at 50 mph. A two-meter-wide path is inspected on each pass over the roadway. In this paper, we describe the design of this system, show preliminary results, and lay out its deployment schedule. RP Azevedo, SG (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-437,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2350-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2946 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.259137 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG84P UT WOS:A1996BG84P00019 ER PT S AU Jiles, DC Gao, Z AF Jiles, DC Gao, Z BE Moses, AJ Basak, A TI Modeling the magnetic properties of materials for circuit simulator applications SO NONLINEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS SE STUDIES IN APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International ISEM Symposium on Nonlinear Electromagnetic Systems CY SEP 17-20, 1995 CL UNIV WALES CARDIFF, SCH ENGN, CARDIFF, WALES SP Wolfson Ctr Magnet Technol HO UNIV WALES CARDIFF, SCH ENGN C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA VAN DIEMENSTRAAT 94, 1013 CN AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 90-5199-251-3 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 1996 VL 10 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BG15E UT WOS:A1996BG15E00088 ER PT B AU Velsko, SP Krupke, WF AF Velsko, SP Krupke, WF BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI Applications of high-average power nonlinear optics SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE nonlinear-optics; harmonic generators; optical parametric oscillators; phase matching; thermal dephasing; thermal gradients; optical loss C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 6 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.239652 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00002 ER PT B AU Kowalczyk, TC Singer, KD Cahill, PA AF Kowalczyk, TC Singer, KD Cahill, PA BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI Anomalous dispersion phase-matched second harmonic generation in poled polymer waveguides SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV 1811,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RI Singer, Kenneth/G-6553-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 152 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.239647 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00019 ER PT B AU Ebbers, CA Velsko, SP AF Ebbers, CA Velsko, SP BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI Optical and thermo-optical characterization of KTP and its isomorphs for 1.06 mu m pumped OPO's SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical parametric oscillator; thermal conductivity; KTP; KTA; RTA C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1117/12.239654 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00027 ER PT B AU Neuman, WA AF Neuman, WA BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI OPO performance with an aberrated input pump beam SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical parametric oscillator (OPO); singly resonant oscillator (SRO); OPO modeling; three-wave mixing C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 250 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.239656 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00029 ER PT B AU Webb, MS Stanion, KB Deane, DJ Cook, WA Neuman, WA Velsko, SP AF Webb, MS Stanion, KB Deane, DJ Cook, WA Neuman, WA Velsko, SP BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI Multi-wavelength injection seeded mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator for DIAL SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE mid-IR OPO; OPO; optical parametric oscillator; nonlinear frequency conversion; DIAL; remote sensing laser source C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 269 EP 300 DI 10.1117/12.239658 PG 32 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00031 ER PT B AU Galanti, SA Berzins, LV Brown, JB Tamosaitis, RS Bortz, ML Day, T Fejer, MM Wang, W AF Galanti, SA Berzins, LV Brown, JB Tamosaitis, RS Bortz, ML Day, T Fejer, MM Wang, W BE Gupta, MC Kozlovsky, WJ MacPherson, DC TI Demonstration of a vapor density monitoring system using UV radiation generated from quasi-phasematched SHG waveguide devices SO NONLINEAR FREQUENCY GENERATION AND CONVERSION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Conversion - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY JAN 29-31, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE second harmonic generation waveguides; laser absorption spectroscopy; periodically poled waveguides; density monitoring; UV radiation; process monitoring; process control; physical vapor deposition C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2074-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2700 BP 334 EP 347 DI 10.1117/12.239665 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF87D UT WOS:A1996BF87D00037 ER PT B AU More, JJ Wu, ZJ AF More, JJ Wu, ZJ BE DiPillo, G Giannessi, F TI Smoothing techniques for macromolecular global optimization SO NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Workshop on Nonlinear Optimization and Applications CY JUN 13, 1995-JUN 21, 1996 CL INT SCH MATH G STAMPACCHIA, ERICE, ITALY SP E Majorana Int Ctr Sci Culture, G Stampacchia Sch Math, Italian Natl Res Council HO INT SCH MATH G STAMPACCHIA DE smoothing; continuation; global optimization; macromolecular modeling; Gaussian transform; Fourier transform C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-45316-9 PY 1996 BP 297 EP 312 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BF85M UT WOS:A1996BF85M00021 ER PT B AU Wipke, KB AF Wipke, KB GP IEEE TI Reducing VMTs through transit-on-demand with GPS and satellite communications SO NORTHCON/96 - IEEE TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Technical Applications Conference (Northcon 96) CY NOV 04-06, 1996 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE AB As a partial solution to the problem of increasing foreign petroleum imports, urban congestion, and air pollution from personal automobiles, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, have successfully demonstrated a transportation concept called Transit-On-Demand (TOD). TOD uses the global positioning system (GPS) to locate ail vehicles in a fleet, two-way communications between the vehicles and a central computer-server, and advanced dispatching and routing software to control the movement of vehicles within the fleet. Through development of an advanced world wide web site and use of the new Java Internet programming language, the demonstration allows visitors to the web site to see updates of vehicle position on a map every 20 seconds, while effectively minimizing the internet bandwidth required for this activity. The project demonstrates how a fixed-route, fixed-schedule shuttle can be converted to be demand-responsive to more effectively move people from where they are to where they want to be at the time they want to travel. RP Wipke, KB (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3278-4 PY 1996 BP 404 EP 408 DI 10.1109/NORTHC.1996.564971 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG86L UT WOS:A1996BG86L00073 ER PT J AU Darrow, DS Chang, CS Zweben, SJ Budny, RV Herrmann, HW Jaeger, EF Majeski, R Murakami, M Phillips, CK Rogers, JH Schilling, G Stevens, JE Wilson, JR AF Darrow, DS Chang, CS Zweben, SJ Budny, RV Herrmann, HW Jaeger, EF Majeski, R Murakami, M Phillips, CK Rogers, JH Schilling, G Stevens, JE Wilson, JR TI ICRF-induced DD fusion product losses in TFTR SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID HEATED TOKAMAK PLASMAS; ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; RADIAL DIFFUSION; WAVES; TRANSPORT; FREQUENCIES; CONFINEMENT; MIDPLANE AB When ICRF power is applied to TFTR plasmas in which there is no externally supplied minority species, an enhanced loss of DD fusion products results. The loss occurs at the passing/trapped boundary, and consists of particles at or near their birth energy. The process appears to be the addition of perpendicular velocity to the fusion products as they interact with the ICRF waves, so that marginally passing particles are moved across the passing/trapped boundary into the first orbit loss cone. A simplified model of this process predicts losses of a magnitude similar to those seen. Extrapolations based upon these data for hypothetical ICRF ash removal from reactor plasmas suggest that the technique will not be energy efficient for removing fast alphas from the core. RP Darrow, DS (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB, POB 451, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/36/1/I01 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XV150 UT WOS:A1996XV15000001 ER PT J AU Messiaen, AM Ongena, J Samm, U Tokar, MZ Unterberg, B Boucher, D Finken, KH Hintz, E Koch, R Mank, G Telesca, G Vandenplas, PE vanOost, G vanWassenhove, G Winter, J Wolf, GH Dumortier, P Durodie, F Esser, HG Euringer, H Fuchs, G Hillis, DL Hoenen, F Konen, L Koslowski, HR KramerFlecken, A Lochter, M Pospieszczyk, A Rapp, J Schweer, B Soltwisch, H Uhlemann, R vanNieuwenhove, R Vervier, M Waidmann, G Weynants, RR AF Messiaen, AM Ongena, J Samm, U Tokar, MZ Unterberg, B Boucher, D Finken, KH Hintz, E Koch, R Mank, G Telesca, G Vandenplas, PE vanOost, G vanWassenhove, G Winter, J Wolf, GH Dumortier, P Durodie, F Esser, HG Euringer, H Fuchs, G Hillis, DL Hoenen, F Konen, L Koslowski, HR KramerFlecken, A Lochter, M Pospieszczyk, A Rapp, J Schweer, B Soltwisch, H Uhlemann, R vanNieuwenhove, R Vervier, M Waidmann, G Weynants, RR TI Transport and improved confinement in high power edge radiation cooling experiments on textor SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS; TOKAMAK; IMPURITIES; EXHAUST AB A stationary high level of edge radiation (gamma = P-rad/P-tot up to similar to 90% with peak radiation up to similar to 1 MW/m(3)) has been obtained in TEXTOR by using silicon and/or neon as radiating impurities. The confinement and neutron reactivity are not degraded but can even be improved at high plasma densities. Stationary reactor relevant heating and radiated power hows with a figure of merit f(H)/q(a) = 0.6 have been achieved. The interpretation of these results shows a reduction of the bulk transport in the presence of edge radiation cooling. The properties of the radiatively cooled discharges are interpreted or modelled mainly by the self-consistent radiative transport code RITM, and also by the codes TRANSP and PRETOR. From these modelling studies an enhancement of the bulk confinement is found in terms of the reduction of the convective losses and the decrease of the edge electron temperature, which results in a peaking of the current profile. The code RITM also predicts self-consistently the detailed properties of the radiating layer for different injected impurities as a function of their incoming flux, and shows that the optimal conditions to obtain confinement improvement as well as minimum fuel dilution by the radiating impurity are obtained at high density. C1 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST PLASMAPHYS, EURATOM ASSOC, JULICH, GERMANY. ITER, JOINT CENT TEAM, LA JOLLA, CA USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN USA. NFSR, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. RP Messiaen, AM (reprint author), KONINKLIJKE MIL SCH, ASSOC EURATON BELGIAN STATE, PLASMA PHYS LAB, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. OI Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280; Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/36/1/I03 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XV150 UT WOS:A1996XV15000003 ER PT J AU Orth, CD Payne, SA Krupke, WF AF Orth, CD Payne, SA Krupke, WF TI A diode pumped solid state laser driver for inertial fusion energy SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Review ID INDUCED SPATIAL INCOHERENCE; POWER-PLANT DESIGN; CONFINEMENT FUSION; HYLIFE-II; REACTOR; PERFORMANCE; AMPLIFIER; CRYSTALS; CONVERSION; PROGRESS AB A comprehensive conceptual design for a diode pumped solid state laser (DPSSL) as a driver for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant is presented. This design is based on recent technical advances that offer potential solutions to difficulties previously associated with the use of a laser for IFE applications. The design was selected by using a systems analysis code that optimizes a DPSSL configuration by minimizing the calculated cost of electricity (COE). The code contains the significant physics relevant to the DPSSL driver, bur treats the target chamber and balance of plant costs generically using scaling relations published for the Sombrero KrF laser concept. The authors describe the physics incorporated in the code, predict DPSSL performance and its variations with changes in the major parameters, discuss IFE economics and technical risk, and identify the high leverage development efforts that can make DPSSL driven IFE plants more economically competitive. It is believed that this study is a significant advance over previous conceptual studies of DPSSLs for IFE because it incorporates a new cost effective gain medium, applies a potential solution to the 'final optics' problem, and considers me laser physics in substantially greater detail. The result is the introduction of an option for an IFE driver that has relatively low development costs and that builds upon the mature laser technology base already developed for Nova and being developed for the proposed National Ignition Facility. The baseline design of the paper has a product of laser efficiency and target gain of eta G similar to 6.6 and a COE of 8.6 cents/kW.h for a 1 GW(e) plant with a target gain of 76 at 3.7 MJ. Higher eta G (greater than or similar to 11) and lower COEs (less than or similar to 6.6 cents/kW.h) can be achieved with target gains twice as high. RP Orth, CD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. NR 113 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 14 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 1996 VL 36 IS 1 BP 75 EP 116 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/36/1/I06 PG 42 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA XV150 UT WOS:A1996XV15000006 ER PT J AU Roa, DE Wright, L Fox, JD Greene, JP Back, BB Nardi, BG AF Roa, DE Wright, L Fox, JD Greene, JP Back, BB Nardi, BG TI Targets and target wheel mechanism for APEX SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID TH COLLISIONS; POSITRON AB A rotating target wheel system built for the Atlas Positron Experiment (APEX) is described. It is designed so that targets could withstand the heating caused by the energy loss of intense heavy ion beams. A unique feature is the use of a digital encoder to provide logic trigger signals for beam sweeping and event-by-event target location information. Techniques for fabricating targets of tantalum, lead, thorium and uranium and the behaviour of the targets during beam exposure are also discussed. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 368 IS 2 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00615-X PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TP583 UT WOS:A1996TP58300007 ER PT J AU Li, Z AF Li, Z TI Elevated temperature annealing behaviors of bulk resistivity and space charge density (N-eff) of neutron irradiated silicon detectors and materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB The bulk resistivity of neutron irradiated detector grade silicon material has been measured under the condition of no or low electrical filed (electrical neutral bulk or ENB condition) after elevated temperature (T = 110 degrees C) anneals (ETA). The ENB resistivity (rho) for as-irradiated silicon material increases with neutron fluence at low fluences (phi(n) < 10(13) n/cm(2)) and starts to saturate at a value between 300-400 k Omega cm at high fluences (phi(n) > 10(13) n/cm(2)). The saturation of the ENB resistivity near the intrinsic value can be explained by the near perfect compensation of all neutron induced deep donors and accepters in the ENB. After ETA, it has been observed that rho increases with annealing time for silicon materials irradiated below the saturation and decreases with annealing time for those irradiated after saturation. For those irradiated near the saturation point, rho increases with annealing time initially and decreases thereafter. This ETA behavior of rho may be explained by the increase of net acceptor-like deep levels in silicon during the anneal, qualitatively consistent with the observed reverse annealing effect of the space charge density (N-eff) in silicon detectors which is an increase of negative space charge density (accepters) after long term room temperature (RTA) anneal and/or ETA. However, the amount of the increase of net hole concentration (p) of about 5 x 10(11) cm(-3), corresponding to 20 hours of ETA at 110 degrees C for a fluence of 1.5 x 10(14) n/cm(2), is still much less than the corresponding increase of N-eff of about 1.5 X 10(13) cm(-3). This suggests that while the ETA restores some of the free carrier concentration (namely holes), there is still a large degree of compensation. The space charge density is still dominated by the deep levels and N(eff)not equal p. RP BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 368 IS 2 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00801-2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TP583 UT WOS:A1996TP58300012 ER PT J AU Ambats, I Bortz, D Connolly, A Derlicki, A Derrick, M Kahle, W Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Schlereth, J Stanek, R Thron, J AF Ambats, I Bortz, D Connolly, A Derlicki, A Derrick, M Kahle, W Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Schlereth, J Stanek, R Thron, J TI Studies of hadron-electron separators for the ZEUS barrel calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID GAS SAMPLING CALORIMETER; CONSTRUCTION; TESTS AB Two possible upgrades, a shower maximum detector and a presampler, designed to improve the low energy electron/hadron separation capabilities of the ZEUS barrel calorimeter are described and test-beam results are reported. The presampler can also be used to correct for energy loss of particles traversing the dead material in front of the calorimeter. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. IIT,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RI Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; OI Bortz, David/0000-0003-1163-7317 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 368 IS 2 BP 364 EP 377 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00621-4 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TP583 UT WOS:A1996TP58300013 ER PT J AU Burman, RL Dodd, AC Plischke, P AF Burman, RL Dodd, AC Plischke, P TI Neutrino flux calculations for the ISIS spallation neutron facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID CHARGED PIONS; NUCLEI; PROTONS; ABSORPTION AB The neutrino flux produced by the spallation neutron source ISIS at the position of the KARMEN neutrino experiment is calculated to an accuracy of 6.7%. Contributions from the spallation and mu SR targets to the nu(mu), nu(e), and nu(mu) fluxes, due to pi(+) and mu(+) decay at rest, are evaluated. Results are presented in terms of neutrinos per proton for incident proton beams of 750 and 800 MeV. The contamination of nu(e), from the pi(-) decay-in-flight and mu(-) decay-at-rest chain, is found to be 0.06% with an accuracy of 12%. C1 UNIV GUELPH,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,P DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Burman, RL (reprint author), FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE,D-76021 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 368 IS 2 BP 416 EP 424 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00627-3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TP583 UT WOS:A1996TP58300019 ER PT J AU Urban, M Chantell, MC Fleury, P Harris, K Kerrick, AD Pare, E Punch, M Sarazin, X Vacanti, G Weekes, TC AF Urban, M Chantell, MC Fleury, P Harris, K Kerrick, AD Pare, E Punch, M Sarazin, X Vacanti, G Weekes, TC TI The use of an ultra-violet camera in the atmospheric Cherenkov technique SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB The atmospheric Cherenkov technique for gamma ray astronomy is shown to be feasible using an ultraviolet (UV) camera on moon-lit-nights. The Whipple telescope has been used as the reflector and the Crab Nebula as the standard gamma ray beam. Our energy threshold is 1.2 TeV which is compared to 0.4 TeV in the visible. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CFA,AMADO,AZ 85645. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Urban, M (reprint author), ECOLE POLYTECH,LPNHE,IN2P3,CNRS,F-91128 PALAISEAU,FRANCE. OI Punch, Michael/0000-0002-4710-2165 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 368 IS 2 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00694-X PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TP583 UT WOS:A1996TP58300032 ER PT J AU Freeman, E SnowdenIfft, D AF Freeman, E SnowdenIfft, D TI A new technique to measure the etch rate of mica SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article AB We have developed a new technique for measuring the general etch rate of mica in hydrofluoric acid. A laser interferometer is used to monitor the thickness of the sample as it etches. This technique can be extended to other materials and etchants. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Freeman, E (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00979-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TW709 UT WOS:A1996TW70900020 ER PT J AU Lynn, JE Trela, WJ AF Lynn, JE Trela, WJ TI Resonance neutron methods for determining statistical properties of phonon spectra SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article AB The quantal expression for Doppler broadening of neutron resonances by creation and annihilation of phonons in a crystal is developed into expansions in terms of moments of the phonon frequency spectrum, one incorporating the recoilless line, the other explicitly excluding this term. Such expressions are useful for calculating the details of resonance line-shapes when some knowledge of the phonon spectrum is available, or, conversely, if it is wished to use measurements of resonance Doppler broadening to extract information on the phonon spectrum of the target material (specifically, that portion of the spectrum centred on the atomic species in which the resonance occurs). The possible sensitivity of the method is tested by simulating sets of neutron transmission data for low energy resonances in the cross sections of a number of different nuclides and doing a least-squares analysis on these to determine resonance parameters simultaneously with phonon moments. It is found that phonon moments can be determined independently of the resonance parameters and with very useful precision for at least the first three moments. RP Lynn, JE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00656-7 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TW709 UT WOS:A1996TW70900024 ER PT J AU Veeck, A Jing, KX Sui, Q Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ AF Veeck, A Jing, KX Sui, Q Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ TI Low-Z impurities of carbon foils SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article AB The level of purity of a target foil is very important in low cross section nuclear reaction experiments. Carbon foils prepared by two different techniques were analyzed for their content of light impurities such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sodium. These data indicate that the technique used to manufacture a foil is the largest source of contamination. Foils prepared by vacuum evaporation showed sizable levels of light impurities, whereas foils prepared by chemical vapor deposition were substantially purer. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. RP Veeck, A (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-231,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(95)00792-X PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TW709 UT WOS:A1996TW70900025 ER PT J AU Andersen, HH Rehn, L AF Andersen, HH Rehn, L TI Untitled SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Andersen, HH (reprint author), NIELS BOHR INST,ORSTED LAB,UNIV PK 5,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN O,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 1996 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP R5 EP R6 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TW709 UT WOS:A1996TW70900001 ER PT J AU Ugur, O Kostakoglu, L Hui, ET Fisher, DR Garmestani, K Gansow, OA Cheung, NKV Larson, SM AF Ugur, O Kostakoglu, L Hui, ET Fisher, DR Garmestani, K Gansow, OA Cheung, NKV Larson, SM TI Comparison of the targeting characteristics of various radioimmunoconjugates for radioimmunotherapy of neuroblastoma: Dosimetry calculations incorporating cross-organ beta doses SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE radioimmunotherapy; radiation dosimetry; monoclonal antibody; neuroblastoma ID GD2-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; COLON-CARCINOMA XENOGRAFTS; B-CELL LYMPHOMA; NUDE-MICE; TUMOR-LOCALIZATION; FRAGMENTS; THERAPY; CANCER; BIODISTRIBUTION; RADIONUCLIDES AB To optimize the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy (RIT), the ideal antibody-radioisotope combinations should be used to deliver the highest tumor and the lowest normal tissue doses. In a mouse model, tumor and critical organ-absorbed doses delivered by different radioimmunoconjugates were calculated and compared. We used a Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD)-style mouse dosimetry model that incorporates cross-organ beta doses to make refined estimates of the radiation absorbed dose to tissues. Biodistribution data from neuroblastoma xenografted nude mice were used to estimate tumor, organ and bone marrow absorbed dose values for Y-90-3F8, I-131-3F8 and I-131-F(ab')(2) fragments. Immunoreactive fractions of the radiolabeled antibodies were comparable. Although tumor uptake of the radioiodinated and radiometal labeled 3F8 was much higher than that of the radioiodinated F(ab')(2) fragments (maximum percent injected dose per gram values were 39.4, 33.2 and 20.1 for I-131-3F8, Y-90-3F8 and I-131-F(ab')(2), respectively), tumor to nontumor ratios were higher for radioiodinated fragments (with the exception of tumor to kidney ratio). For the minimum tumor dose necessary for complete ablation, the bone marrow received 195, 278 and 401 cGy for I-131-F(ab')2, I-131-3F8 and Y-90/3F8, respectively. Tumor doses were 50.1, 232 and 992 cGy/MBq for I-131-F(ab')(2), I-131-3F8 and Y-90-3F8, respectively. Tumor to bone marrow dose, which is defined as the therapeutic index, was 21.5, 14.7 and 10.4 for I-131-F(ab')(2), I-131-3F8 and Y-90-3F8. I-131-F(ab')(2) fragments produced the highest therapeutic index but also the lowest tumor dose for radioimmunotherapy. Radiometal conjugated IgG produced the highest tumor dose but also the lowest therapeutic index. C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2897 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/0969-8051(95)02001-2 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TR546 UT WOS:A1996TR54600001 PM 9004907 ER PT J AU vanDyck, CH Seibyl, JP Stubbs, JB Zoghbi, S Wisniewski, G Baldwin, RM ZeaPonce, Y Charney, DS Hoffer, PB Innis, RB AF vanDyck, CH Seibyl, JP Stubbs, JB Zoghbi, S Wisniewski, G Baldwin, RM ZeaPonce, Y Charney, DS Hoffer, PB Innis, RB TI Human biodistribution and dosimetry of the SPECT D-2 dopamine receptor radioligand [I-123]IBF SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [I-123]iodobenzofuran; dosimetry; D-2 dopamine receptor; SPECT ID EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; IMAGING AGENT; I-123 IBZM AB The research discussed in this article aimed to characterize better the biodistribution, excretion and radiation dosimetry of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) D-2 Dopamine receptor radioligand [I-123]IBF. Following administration of 111 +/- 12 MBq [I-123]IBF, seven healthy human subjects were scanned serially with a whole body imager over a 48-h period. Transmission images were obtained with a scanning line source for attenuation correction of the emission images. Urine was collected for 48 h to measure the fraction of activity voided by the renal system. Radiation absorbed dose estimates were performed using biokinetic modeling and the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema. Highest absorbed doses were to the kidney (0.13 +/- 0.02 mGy/MBq) and urinary bladder wall (0.11 +/- 0.01 mGy/MBq). The effective dose equivalent was 0.041 +/- 0.005 mSv/MBq. Peak brain uptake represented 8% of the injected activity. Rapid urinary excretion minimized the absorbed dose to most tissues. The mean cumulative urinary excretion fraction was 69%. Thus [I-123]IBF is a promising SPECT agent for imaging the D-2 dopamine receptor in humans with high brain uptake and favorable dosimetry. C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,VET ADM MED CTR,W HAVEN,CT 06516. YALE UNIV,DEPT DIAGNOST RADIOL,VET ADM MED CTR,W HAVEN,CT 06516. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,RADIAT INTERNAL DOSE INFORMAT CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH30929, MH25642] NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2897 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0969-8051(95)02003-9 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TR546 UT WOS:A1996TR54600002 PM 9004921 ER PT J AU Yousef, KA Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Dewey, SL Shea, C Schlyer, DJ Gatley, SJ Logan, J Wolf, AP AF Yousef, KA Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Dewey, SL Shea, C Schlyer, DJ Gatley, SJ Logan, J Wolf, AP TI [F-18]haloperidol binding in baboon brain in vivo SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [F-18]haloperidol; PET; sigma binding sites; dopamine D2 receptors ID ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; SIGMA-RECEPTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION; F-18 HALOPERIDOL; LIGAND; SITES; PET; OCCUPANCY; MEMBRANES AB The binding of [F-18]haloperidol to dopamine D2 and to sigma recognition sites in baboon brain was examined using positron emission tomography (PET). Studies were performed at baseline and after treatment with either haloperidol (to evaluate saturability), (+)-butaclamol (which has specificity for dopamine D2 receptors) or (-)-butaclamol (which has specificity for sigma sites). Binding was widespread. Treatment with (-)-butaclamol had no effect, whereas (+)-butaclamol selectively reduced the uptake in striatum. Haloperidol increased the clearance rate from all brain regions. These results indicate that the binding profile of [F-18]haloperidol does not permit the selective examination of either dopamine D2 or sigma sites using PET. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT MED, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 EI 1872-9614 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 23 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0969-8051(95)02014-4 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TR546 UT WOS:A1996TR54600008 PM 9004914 ER PT J AU Beene, JR Horen, DJ Satchler, GR AF Beene, JR Horen, DJ Satchler, GR TI Critical comparison of folded potential and deformed potential models of heavy-ion inelastic scattering SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION MATRIX-ELEMENTS; IMPLICIT FOLDING PROCEDURE; GIANT-RESONANCES; ALPHA-SCATTERING; O-17 IONS; EXCITATION; PB-208; MEV/NUCLEON; ISOSPIN; STATES AB We give a comparative review of the use of the deformed potential and folded potential models for the analysis of data from the inelastic scattering of heavy ions and alpha particles. Representative cases are studied. It is shown that use of the deformed potential can very significantly underestimate the corresponding nuclear transition rate by amounts that increase strongly as the multipolarity increases. Some criticism of the implicit folding procedure is also offered. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Beene, JR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 596 IS 1 BP 137 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0375-9474(95)00385-1 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA TX738 UT WOS:A1996TX73800008 ER PT J AU Kniehl, BA Sirlin, A AF Kniehl, BA Sirlin, A TI Scheme and scale dependences of leading electroweak corrections SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID MW-MZ INTERDEPENDENCE; HEAVY-TOP; PERTURBATIVE QCD; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; STANDARD-MODEL; GAUGE THEORIES; MASS; QUARK; ORDER AB The scheme and scale dependences of leading M(t)-dependent contributions to Delta rho, Delta r, and tau, which arise because of the truncation of the perturbative series, are investigated by comparing expressions in the on-shell and <(MS)over bar> schemes of renormalization, and studying their scale variations. Starting from the conventional on-shell formulae, we find rather large scheme and scale dependences. We then propose a simple, physically motivated modification of the conventional expressions and show that it leads to a sharp reduction in the scheme and scale dependences. Implications for electroweak physics are discussed. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,NATL INST NUCL THEORY,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NYU,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10003. WERNER HEISENBERG INST PHYS,MAX PLANCK INST PHYS,D-80805 MUNICH,GERMANY. RP Kniehl, BA (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,DEPT THEORET PHYS,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 51 DI 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00573-0 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TQ119 UT WOS:A1996TQ11900003 ER PT J AU Dine, M Randall, L Thomas, S AF Dine, M Randall, L Thomas, S TI Baryogenesis from flat directions of the supersymmetric standard model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; COSMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS; SUPERSTRING MODELS; EXPANDING UNIVERSE; GRAVITINO; RENORMALIZATION; FLUCTUATIONS; GENERATION; MECHANISM; DILATION AB Baryogenesis from the coherent production of a scalar condensate along a hat direction of the supersymmetric extension of the standard model (Affleck-Dine mechanism) is investigated. Two important effects are emphasized First, non-renormalizable terms in the superpotential can lift standard model flat directions at large field values. Second, the finite energy density in the early universe induces soft potentials with curvature of order the Hubble constant. Both these have important implications for baryogenesis, which requires large squark or slepton expectation values to develop along flat directions. In particular, the induced mass squared must be negative. The resulting baryon to entropy ratio is very insensitive to the details of the couplings and initial conditions, but depends on the dimension of the non-renormalizable operator in the superpotential which stabilizes the flat direction and the reheat temperature after inflation. Unlike the original scenario, an acceptable baryon asymmetry can result without subsequent entropy releases. In the simplest scenario the baryon asymmetry is generated along the LH(u) flat direction, and is related to the mass of the lightest neutrino. C1 MIT,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. RP Dine, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ INST PARTICLE PHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064, USA. NR 44 TC 500 Z9 500 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 458 IS 1-2 BP 291 EP 323 DI 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00538-2 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TQ119 UT WOS:A1996TQ11900014 ER PT J AU Belles, RJ Cletcher, JW Copinger, DA Dolan, BW Minarick, JW OReilly, PD AF Belles, RJ Cletcher, JW Copinger, DA Dolan, BW Minarick, JW OReilly, PD TI 1994 Accident Sequence Precursor Program results SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Article AB The Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) program involves the systematic review and evaluation of operational events that have occurred at light-water reactors to identify and categorize precursors to potential severe core damage accident sequences. The results of the ASP Program are published in an annual report. The most recent report, which contains the analyses of the precursors for 1994, is NUREG/CR-4674, Vols. 21 and 22, Precursors to Potential Severe Core Damage Accidents: 1994, A Status Report, published in December 1995. This article provides an overview of the ASP review and evaluation process and a summary of the results for 1994. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22102. RP Belles, RJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA VK619 UT WOS:A1996VK61900006 ER PT J AU Sich, AR AF Sich, AR TI Untitled - Response SO NUCLEAR SAFETY LA English DT Letter RP Sich, AR (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0029-5604 J9 NUCL SAFETY JI Nucl. Saf. PD JAN-MAR PY 1996 VL 37 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA VK619 UT WOS:A1996VK61900008 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Bean, JE Butcher, BM Garner, JW Schreiber, JD Swift, PN Vaughn, P AF Helton, JC Bean, JE Butcher, BM Garner, JW Schreiber, JD Swift, PN Vaughn, P TI Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for gas and brine migration at the waste isolation pilot plant: Fully consolidated shalt SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EPA RELEASE LIMITS; PROBABILITY; DISPOSAL; RISK AB Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques based on Latin hypercube sampling, partial correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and examination of scatterplots are used in conjunction with the BRAGFLO model to examine two-phaseflow (i.e., gas and brine) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, which is being developed by the U.S. Department of Energy as a disposal facility for transuranic waste, to provide insights on factors that are potentially important in showing compliance with applicable regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Specific regulations include ''Petitions to Allow Land Disposal of a Waste Prohibited Under Subpart C of Part 268'' (40 CFR 268.6), which implements the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and establishes maximum environmental concentrations for regulated chemicals such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals, and ''Environmental Standards for the Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes'' (40 CFR 191, Subpart B), which places a probabilistic limit on allowable radioactive releases from a disposal facility over a 10 000-yr time period. The primary topics investigated are (a) gas production due to corrosion of steel, (b) gas production due to microbial degradation of cellulosics, and (c) gas migration into anhydrite marker beds in The Salado Formation, which is the host unit into which the waste will be emplaced. Gas production and movement is of particular importance in establishing compliance with 40 CFR 268. 6 because of its influence on the movement of VOCs. Important variables identified in the analysis include (a) initial brine saturation of the waste, (b) stoichiometric terms for corrosion of steel and microbial degradation of cellulosics, and (c) gas barrier pressure in the anhydrite marker beds. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,WIPP PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT DEPT 6342,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RI ming-jui, chang/F-9294-2015 NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 122 IS 1 BP 1 EP 31 PG 31 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TM646 UT WOS:A1996TM64600001 ER PT J AU Poston, DI Kammash, T AF Poston, DI Kammash, T TI A computational model for an open-cycle gas core nuclear rocket SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A computational model of an open-cycle gas core nuclear rocker (GCR) is developed. The solution is divided into two distinct areas-thermal hydraulics and neutronics. To obtain the thermal-hydraulic solution, a computer code is written that solves the Navier-Stokes, energy, and species diffusion equations. The two-dimensional transport code TWODANT is used to obtain the neutronics solution. The thermal-hydraulic and neutronic models are coupled, and the solution proceeds in an iterative manner until a consistent power density profile is obtained. Various open-cycle GCR designs are evaluated. First, it is assumed that the fuel and propellant do nor mix. In this ideal case, it is found that the limiting factor in determining thrust and specific impulse is the maximum allowable wall heat flux. Following this simplified study, the results from a complete thermal-hydraulic/neutronic solution are presented, and the use of alternate fuels and propellants is considered. Next, a parametric design study is conducted that examines the rocket performance of the open-cycle GCR as a function of various design and operational parameters. It is found that fuel containment is very adversely affected by high reactor power or rocket acceleration. Finally, some concepts are discussed that could help improve fuel containment. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT NUCL ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NUCL SYST DESIGN & ANAL GRP,MS K551,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 122 IS 1 BP 32 EP 54 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TM646 UT WOS:A1996TM64600002 ER PT J AU Booth, TE AF Booth, TE TI Analytic score distributions for a spatially continuous tridirectional Monte Carlo transport problem SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The interpretation of the statistical error estimates produced by Monte Carlo transport codes is still somewhat of an art. Empirically, there are variance reduction techniques whose error estimates are almost always reliable, and there are variance reduction techniques whose error estimates are often unreliable. Unreliable error estimates usually result from inadequate targe-score sampling from the score distribution's tail. Statisticians believe that more accurate confidence interval statements are possible if the general nature of the score distribution can be characterized. Here, the analytic score distribution for the exponential transform applied to a simple, spatially continuous Monte Carlo transport problem is provided. Anisotropic scattering and implicit capture are included in the theory. In large part, the analytic score distributions that are derived provide the basis for the ten new statistical quality checks in MCNP. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,RADIAT TRANSPORT GRP,MAIL STOP B226,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 122 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TM646 UT WOS:A1996TM64600005 ER PT B AU Bradley, DJ AF Bradley, DJ BE LeSage, LG Sarkisov, AA TI Overview of contamination from US and Russian nuclear complexes SO NUCLEAR SUBMARINE DECOMMISSIONING AND RELATED PROBLEMS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems CY JUN 19-22, 1995 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Comm, Disarmament Panel, Russian Acad Sci, Nucl Safety Inst C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4189-9 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1996 VL 8 BP 299 EP 320 PG 22 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BH49L UT WOS:A1996BH49L00038 ER PT J AU Moore, RL Fletcher, CD Miller, CS AF Moore, RL Fletcher, CD Miller, CS TI Modeling the accumulators of the advanced neutron source reactor SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal-hydraulic modeling; Advanced Neutron Source; special-purpose models AB An improved capability for modeling the transient behavior of the unique Advanced Neutron Source Reactor (ANSR) accumulator design has been developed. The ANSR accumulator behavior may now be simulated using an external model that is coupled to a RELAP5/MOD3 ANSR facility system model via a parallel virtual machine (PVM) connection. Existing RELAP5 code models were found to provide marginal results for simulating behavior of the unique ANSR accumulator design, and an improved accumulator modeling capability was desired. A new model for representing the ANSR accumulators, assessment and demonstration of that model, and the general methods by which external models may be coupled with RELAP5 system models using PVM connections are described. RP Moore, RL (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 113 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TL792 UT WOS:A1996TL79200007 ER PT J AU Pearlstein, S AF Pearlstein, S TI Critical mass variation of Pu-239 with water dilution SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE criticality; critical mass; Pu-239 AB The critical mass of an unreflected solid sphere of Pu-239 is similar to 10 kg. The increase in critical mass observed for small water dilutions of unreflected Pu-239 spheres is paradoxical. Introducing small amounts of water uniformly throughout the sphere increases the spherical volume containing the same amount of Pu-239 as the critical solid sphere. The increase in radius decreases the surface-to-volume ratio of the sphere, which has the effect to first order of decreasing the neutron leakage, which is proportional to the surface, relative to the fissions, which are proportional to the volume. The reduction in neutron leakage is expected to reduce the critical mass, but instead the critical mass is observed to increase. It is discussed how changes in the fast neutron spectrum with corresponding changes in the nuclear parameters result in an increase in critical mass for small water dilutions. RP Pearlstein, S (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 113 IS 1 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TL792 UT WOS:A1996TL79200010 ER PT B AU McGraw, R Laaksonen, A AF McGraw, R Laaksonen, A BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Scaling properties of the critical nucleus in classical and density functional nucleation theories SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE nucleation; clusters; phase transitions; density-functional theory AB Scaling relations are developed for the number of molecules in the critical nucleus, g*, and the nucleation barrier height, W*. Density functional (DF) calculations for vapor-liquid nucleation confirm these relations and show systematic departure of the ratio W*/(g*Delta mu) from its classical value, 1/2, with increasing difference in chemical potential between the supersaturated vapor and bulk condensed phase, Delta mu. Discrepancies between classical and DF nucleation theories and between the classical theory and experiment are interpreted using these results. RP McGraw, R (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,ENVIRONM CHEM DIV,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50018-4 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00018 ER PT B AU Wilemski, G Wyslouzil, BE AF Wilemski, G Wyslouzil, BE BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Thermodynamic and kinetic consistency of calculated binary nucleation rates SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn AB To establish the accuracy and applicability of analytical expressions for the steady state rate of binary nucleation, we numerically solved the birth-death equations for the vapor-to-liquid transition. These calculations were performed using rate coefficients that are consistent with the principle of detailed balance and a new self-consistent form of the equilibrium distribution function for binary cluster concentrations. We found that the customary saddle point and growth path approximations are almost always valid and can fail only if the nucleating solution phase is significantly nonideal. For example, problems can arise when the vapor composition puts the system on the verge of partial liquid phase miscibility. When this occurs for comparable monomer impingement rates, nucleation still occurs through the saddle point, but the usual quadratic expansion for the cluster free energy is inadequate. When the two impingement rates differ significantly, however, the major particle flux may bypass the saddle point and cross a low ridge on the free energy surface. The dependence of the saddle point location on the gas phase composition is also important in initiating or terminating ridge crossing nucleation. RP Wilemski, G (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50024-X PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00024 ER PT B AU Tinsley, BA AF Tinsley, BA BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Does electrostatic charge at cloud tops affect rates of nucleation and sedimentation of ice? SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn AB Varying amounts of electrostatic charge accumulate at the tops of clouds due to variations in the downward air-earth current density through the troposphere in the global electric circuit. Cycles of condensation, freezing, sedimentation and evaporation of clouds deplete them of aerosols that are effective (without electrostatic charge) as ice-forming nuclei (IFN). Highly charged aerosols are produced by the evaporation of highly charged drizzle droplets into the clear surrounding air. The long standing suggestion that electrostatic charge on aerosols enhances their effectiveness as IFN allows formation of ice when these charged residues of evaporated droplets, which would be less effective IFN without charge, mix back into the cloud This can explain the observed discrepancy between measurements of initial ice at the tops of clouds and counts of effective IFN with counters that neutralise charge. It can also explain the many observations of correlations between (a) variations in the solar wind that modulate current flow in the global electric circuit and (b) variations in tropospheric dynamics, of the sort produced by changes in rates of ice nucleation and sedimentation. RP Tinsley, BA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00091 ER PT B AU Penner, JE Chuang, CC Liousse, C AF Penner, JE Chuang, CC Liousse, C BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI The contribution of carbonaceous aerosols to climate change SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE radiative forcing; aerosols; cloud droplet nucleation; climate change AB The contribution of aerosols to climate change results from two effects: clear-sky and cloudy-sky forcing. The clear-sky climate forcing by carbonaceous aerosols from biomass burning and fossil fuel burning depends on the relative contribution of scattering and absorption by the aerosols which in turn depends on the fraction of aerosol mass associated with black carbon and its size distribution. In this paper, we review estimates for the emission of carbonaceous aerosols, placing these estimates in the context of estimates for the emissions of anthropogenic and natural sulfate aerosols and natural sources of organic particulate matter. The cloudy-sky forcing from carbonaceous aerosols is difficult to estimate because, among other factors, it depends on the amount of absorption by the aerosols in the cloud. It is also highly sensitive to the assumed pre-existing, natural aerosol abundance. An upper limit for the cloudy-sky forcing by carbonaceous aerosols is -4.4 Wm(-2), but may range as low as -2.4 Wm(-2), depending on background aerosol concentrations. These estimates do not yet account for absorption of radiation by black carbon associated with cloud or the presence of pre-existing dust particles. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 759 EP 769 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00186 ER PT B AU Schwartz, SE AF Schwartz, SE BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Cloud droplet nucleation and its connection to aerosol properties SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE climate; aerosols; clouds; radiation AB Anthropogenic aerosols influence the earth's radiation balance and climate directly, by scattering shortwave (solar) radiation in cloud-free conditions and indirectly, by increasing concentrations of cloud droplets thereby enhancing cloud shortwave reflectivity. These effects are thought to be significant in the context of changes in the earth radiation budget over the industrial period, exerting a radiative forcing that is of comparable magnitude to that of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases over this period but opposite in sign. However the magnitudes of both the direct and indirect aerosol effects are quite uncertain. Much of the uncertainty of the indirect effect arises from incomplete ability to describe changes in cloud properties arising from anthropogenic aerosols. This paper examines recent studies pertaining to the influence of anthropogenic aerosols on loading and properties of aerosols affecting their cloud nucleating properties and indicative of substantial anthropogenic influence on aerosol and cloud properties over the North Atlantic. RP Schwartz, SE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 770 EP 779 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00187 ER PT B AU Laulainen, N Larson, N Min, Q Michalsky, JJ Schlemmer, J Harrison, L AF Laulainen, N Larson, N Min, Q Michalsky, JJ Schlemmer, J Harrison, L BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI Aerosol optical depth and direct-to-diffuse solar irradiance relationships in the northeastern United States SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE aerosols; optical depth; solar irradiance; radiometry; radiative transfer AB We have determined aerosol optical depths and direct-to-diffuse solar irradiance ratios over a four-year period from late 1991 through late 1995 at nine sites in the northeastern United States from observations made with a multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR). The MFRSR measures total and diffuse irradiance on a horizontal surface in six narrowband wavelength intervals between 400 and 1000 nn. From these measurements we calculate the direct normal irradiance values, from which we derive the aerosol optical depth using the Beer-Lambert-Bougeur law and applying corrections for ozone absorption and Rayleigh scattering. We also calculate the direct-to-diffuse ratios. A radiative transfer model based on the adjoint method provides a means to calculate aerosol optical depth and surface albedo using the observed irradiance ratios. Using this model, we have examined the sensitivity of the results with respect to aerosol absorption index, aerosol phase function or asymmetry parameter and size distribution. From the observations alone, we notice the aerosol patterns at each site are consistent with an annual cycle superimposed on a decaying stratospheric aerosol loading from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. The wavelength dependence of the aerosol optical depth shows changes in the aerosol size distribution. RP Laulainen, N (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50219-5 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00219 ER PT B AU Molenkamp, CR Penner, JE Walton, JJ OConnor, CJ AF Molenkamp, CR Penner, JE Walton, JJ OConnor, CJ BE Kulmala, M Wagner, PE TI The global distribution of sulfate aerosols calculated with the GRANTOUR/ECHAM coupled model SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols CY AUG 26-30, 1996 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci, Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat, Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols, Int Global Atmospher Chem Project, Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Finnish Meteorol Inst, Finnish Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Helsinki, Lahti Res & Training Ctr, Minist Educ Finland, Acad Finland, Finnair, Maj & Tor Nessling Fdn, Neste Fdn DE aerosol; climate forcing; global climate; precipitation scavenging AB We have recently coupled our tropospheric chemistry and transport model, GRANTOUR, with the ECHAM global climate model. With the coupled model we have estimated the global sulfur distributions over an annual cycle. Spatial distributions from these simulations will be compared to observations and to our earlier simulations. We will also calculate the climate forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate. RP Molenkamp, CR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB BN 0-08-042030-3 PY 1996 BP 904 EP 906 DI 10.1016/B978-008042030-1/50222-5 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJ84C UT WOS:A1996BJ84C00222 ER PT J AU Selkov, E Basmanova, S Gaasterland, T Goryanin, I Gretchkin, Y Maltsev, N Nenashev, V Overbeek, R Panyushkina, E Pronevitch, L Selkov, E Yunis, I AF Selkov, E Basmanova, S Gaasterland, T Goryanin, I Gretchkin, Y Maltsev, N Nenashev, V Overbeek, R Panyushkina, E Pronevitch, L Selkov, E Yunis, I TI The metabolic pathway collection from EMP: The enzymes and metabolic pathways database SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways database (EMP) is an encoding of the contents of over 10 000 original publications on the topics of enzymology and metabolism. This large body of information has been transformed into a queryable database. An extraction of over 1800 pictorial representations of metabolic pathways from this collection is freely available on the World Wide Web. We believe that this collection will play an important role in the interpretation of genetic sequence data, as well as offering a meaningful framework for the integration of many other forms of biological data. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST THEORET & EXPTL BIOPHYS,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. RI Basmanova, Svetlana /B-6462-2014 OI Basmanova, Svetlana /0000-0002-3326-9044 NR 6 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1093/nar/24.1.26 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TR975 UT WOS:A1996TR97500006 PM 8594593 ER PT J AU Maidak, BL Olsen, GJ Larsen, N Overbeek, R McCaughey, MJ Woese, CR AF Maidak, BL Olsen, GJ Larsen, N Overbeek, R McCaughey, MJ Woese, CR TI The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) is a curated database that offers ribosome-related data, analysis services and associated computer programs. The offerings include phylogenetically ordered alignments of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences, derived phylogenetic trees, rRNA secondary structure diagrams and various software for handling, analyzing and displaying alignments and trees. The data are available via anonymous ftp (rdp.life.uiuc.edu), electronic mail (server@rdp.life.uiuc.edu), gopher (rdpgopher.life.uiuc.edu) and World Wide Web (WWW) (http://rdpwww.life.uiuc.edu/). The electronic mail and WWW servers provide ribosomal probe checking, screening far possible chimeric rRNA sequences, automated alignment and approximate phylogenetic placement of user-submitted sequences on an existing phylogenetic tree. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR MICROBIAL ECOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Maidak, BL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,131 BURRILL HALL,407 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 6 TC 434 Z9 439 U1 3 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 82 EP 85 DI 10.1093/nar/24.1.82 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TR975 UT WOS:A1996TR97500020 PM 8594608 ER PT J AU Elstad, CA Thrall, BD Raha, G Meadows, GG AF Elstad, CA Thrall, BD Raha, G Meadows, GG TI Tyrosine and phenylalanine restriction sensitizes adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cells to adriamycin SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CALMODULIN INHIBITOR TRIFLUOPERAZINE; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; B-16 MELANOMA; TUMOR-CELLS; ANTHRACYCLINE RESISTANCE; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; METASTATIC PHENOTYPE; CALCIUM-ANTAGONISTS AB Cancer chemotherapy frequently fails, because tumors develop multiple drug resistance (MDR). Pharmacological efforts to reverse this MDR phenotype and sensitize resistant tumor cells have utilized verapamil (VER) to inhibit p-glycoprotein function and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to inhibit glutathione synthesis. Our previous results indicate that restriction of two amino acids, tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe), may potentially suppress the MDR phenotype. These results show that in vivo Tyr and Phe restriction improves the therapeutic response of a metastatic variant of B16-BL6 (BM) murine melanoma to adriamycin (ADR) and B16 melanoma to levodopa methyl ester. We examine whether in vitro limitation of Tyr and Phe suppresses ADR resistance of BM cells and whether Tyr-Phe modulation of the MDR phenotype is applicable to other tumor types, particularly P388 murine leukemia. Mechanisms underlying Tyr-Phe modulation of ADR resistance are examined in the presence of VER and BSO, singly and in combination. Our results indicate that in vitro Tyr and Phe restriction has no effect on BL6 resistance to ADR However, Tyr and Phe restriction does increase the sensitivity of ADR-resistant P388 cells to ADR without affecting drug efflux, ADR uptake, or glutathione levels. In addition, this enhanced ADR sensitivity of P388 cells is even more pronounced in the presence of BSO. Suppression of ADR resistance in P388-resistant cells by Tyr and Phe restriction indicates that Tyr- and Phe-mediated modulation of the MDR phenotype is possible and that Tyr and Phe restriction may be useful as a potential adjuvant to effective cancer chemotherapy. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT BIOL & CHEM, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Elstad, CA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, COLL PHARM & PHARMACOL, DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI, TOXICOL GRAD PROGRAM, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-42465] NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 PG 14 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA TP520 UT WOS:A1996TP52000005 PM 8837861 ER PT B AU Candy, JV Sullivan, EJ AF Candy, JV Sullivan, EJ GP MARINE TECHNOL SOC TI Broadband acoustic source processing in a noisy shallow ocean environment SO OCEANS '96 MTS/IEEE, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 / SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS: COASTAL OCEAN - PROSPECTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prospects for the 21st-Century (OCEANS 96 MTS/IEEE) CY SEP 23-26, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Marine Technol Soc, OES, IEEE AB Acoustic sources found in the ocean environment are spatially complex and broadband, complicating the analysis of received acoustic data considerably. A model-based approach is developed for a broadband source in a shallow ocean environment characterized by a normal-mode propagation model. Here we develop the ''optimal'' Bayesian solution to the broadband pressure-field enhancement and modal function extraction problem. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3520-1 PY 1996 BP 358 EP 363 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG80E UT WOS:A1996BG80E00056 ER PT B AU Meador, RJ Jarrell, DB Buck, FG AF Meador, RJ Jarrell, DB Buck, FG GP INT DISTRICT ENERGY ASSOC TI Technology advances for operations and maintenance SO OFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS OF EIGHTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT ENERGY ASSOCIATION, VOL LXXXVII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Conference of the International-District-Energy-Association CY JUN 08-12, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Int District Energy Assoc DE OMETA; efficiency; diagnostics; neural net; sensors AB This paper discusses the emergence of a new, necessary philosophy for the successful implementation of advanced technologies to improve plant performance and longevity. This philosophy is necessary to ensure the expected return on the initial capital investment is realized. This paper defines the elements of an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) methodology that utilizes a holistic approach which considers all aspects of the supporting infrastructure (Operations, Maintenance, Engineering, Training, and Administration) as integral parts of the whole system. This paper also includes discussion on application of some of these advanced technologies developed at the Laboratory to provide additional on-line tools to provide predictive and condition-based maintenance decision support. RP Meador, RJ (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT ENERGY ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH STREET NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2401 PY 1996 BP 163 EP 175 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels GA BG88T UT WOS:A1996BG88T00015 ER PT B AU Hielscher, AH Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ AF Hielscher, AH Mourant, JR Bigio, IJ BE Bigio, IJ Grundfest, WS Schneckenburger, H Svanberg, K Viallet, PM Katzir, A TI Diffuse polarization spectroscopy on tissue phantoms and biological cell suspensions SO OPTICAL BIOPSIES AND MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Biopsies and Microscopic Techniques CY SEP 07-09, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Laser Vis, European Laser Assoc, Int Biomed Opt Soc, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE light scattering; scattering by particles; multiple scattering; polarization; biological cell suspension; cancerous AB We present experimental results that show the spatial variations of the diffuse-backscattered intensity, when linearly polarized light is incident on highly scattering media Experiments on polystyrene-sphere suspensions demonstrate that the radial and azimuthal variations of the observed pattern depend on the concentration and size of the particles constituting the scattering medium. Measurements performed on rodent-cell suspensions show the potential of this method for biological-cell characterization, especially the distinction between normal and cancerous cells. RP Hielscher, AH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CST-4,MS E535,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2328-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2926 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.260821 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BG96Y UT WOS:A1996BG96Y00009 ER PT B AU Steinkamp, JA Deka, C Lehnert, BE Crissman, HA AF Steinkamp, JA Deka, C Lehnert, BE Crissman, HA BE Asakura, T Farkas, DL Leif, RC Priezzhev, AV Tromberg, BJ TI Fluorescence lifetime as a new parameter in analytical cytology measurements SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF LIVING CELLS AND BIOFLUIDS, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics of Living Cells and Biofluids CY JAN 28-FEB 01, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Light Microscope Imaging & Biotechnol C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2052-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2678 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1117/12.239510 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Optics GA BG01Y UT WOS:A1996BG01Y00024 ER PT B AU Cates, MR Beshears, DL Allison, SW AF Cates, MR Beshears, DL Allison, SW BE Gorecki, C TI Non-contact phosphor thermometry for process control SO OPTICAL INSPECTION AND MICROMEASUREMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Inspection and Micromeasurements CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL BESANCON, FRANCE SP CNRS, Minist Def, Direct Gen Armement, Direct Rech & Technol, Essilor Paris, Univ Franche Comte, Besancon, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE fluorescence; phosphor; temperature; thermometry; fiber optics; control; process; monitor C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2168-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2782 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1117/12.250737 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41L UT WOS:A1996BG41L00013 ER PT B AU Meriaudeau, F Stubbs, L Parks, J Jacobson, K Goudonnet, JP Ferrell, TL AF Meriaudeau, F Stubbs, L Parks, J Jacobson, K Goudonnet, JP Ferrell, TL BE Gorecki, C TI Photon scanning tunneling microscopy of unstained mammalian cells and chromosomes SO OPTICAL INSPECTION AND MICROMEASUREMENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Inspection and Micromeasurements CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL BESANCON, FRANCE SP CNRS, Minist Def, Direct Gen Armement, Direct Rech & Technol, Essilor Paris, Univ Franche Comte, Besancon, European Opt Soc, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen Sci Res & Dev DE tunneling microscopy; spectroscopy; PSTM; biological samples; chromosomes imaging; fluorescence C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV HLTH & SAFETY RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2168-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2782 BP 828 EP 835 DI 10.1117/12.250731 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG41L UT WOS:A1996BG41L00088 ER PT B AU Helmsen, J Puckett, EG Colella, P Dorr, M AF Helmsen, J Puckett, EG Colella, P Dorr, M BE Fuller, GE TI Two new methods for simulating photolithography development in 3D SO OPTICAL MICROLITHOGRAPHY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Microlithography IX CY MAR 13-15, 1996 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR COMPUTAT SCI & ENGN,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. OI Puckett, Elbridge Gerry/0000-0002-6589-7395 NR 0 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2102-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2726 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.240959 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF92V UT WOS:A1996BF92V00025 ER PT B AU Earley, L Paul, J Rohlev, L Hall, R Goforth, J AF Earley, L Paul, J Rohlev, L Hall, R Goforth, J BE Yuce, HH Paul, DK Greenwell, RA TI Optically powered firing system for the Procyon high explosive pulsed power system SO OPTICAL NETWORK ENGINEERING AND INTEGRITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Network Engineering and Integrity CY OCT 24-25, 1995 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE solar cell; power down a fiber; high power semiconductor laser diode C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1975-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2611 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1117/12.230103 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF03B UT WOS:A1996BF03B00018 ER PT B AU Hall, R Rohlev, L Earley, L Cochrane, J AF Hall, R Rohlev, L Earley, L Cochrane, J BE Yuce, HH Paul, DK Greenwell, RA TI Fiber optic timing, firing and control systems for high energy density physics experiments at Pegasus II SO OPTICAL NETWORK ENGINEERING AND INTEGRITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Network Engineering and Integrity CY OCT 24-25, 1995 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE optical trigger; optical timing; high voltage monitor; optical isolation; remote firing C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1975-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2611 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.230118 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF03B UT WOS:A1996BF03B00027 ER PT J AU Perry, KE AF Perry, KE TI Delamination and damage studies of composite materials using phase-shifting interferometry SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MOIRE INTERFEROMETRY AB Composite materials offer a unique advantage over conventional engineering materials in that structural properties can be tailored to suit specific applications. However, the inherent anisotropy and the discrete layer-by-layer fabrication method of composite materials lend to mechanical behavior and failure characteristics that are quite differ-ent from those of homogeneous materials. Consequently failure modes such as delamination in polymer matrix composites and matrix cracking and damage in ceramic matrix materials prohibit these materials from being used in conventional engineering structures, as well as making their characterization in the laboratory difficult. In this paper, an experimental photomechanics technique called phase-shifting moire interferometry is described. This technique is capable of providing analysts and designers (both material and structural) with detailed displacement and strain fields near discontinuities in these materials. The technique allows high resolution measurements of in-plane surface displacements to be made without introducing global smoothing errors, thus preserving the integrity of data near cracks, discontinuities and material interfaces. In this paper, the advantages of phase-shifting moire interferometry will be illustrated through several problems involving composite materials. C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB, MAT BEH GRP, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83415 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 EI 1873-0302 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PY 1996 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 467 EP 483 DI 10.1016/0143-8166(95)00102-6 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA TY999 UT WOS:A1996TY99900008 ER PT B AU Safranek, J AF Safranek, J BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Performance optimization of synchrotron light sources SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB This paper will present work done at the NSLS to tailor the electron beam properties so as to maximize the performance of the photon beamlines. The electron beam properties of most importance to photon users are the total stored current, emittance, lifetime, and transverse stability. Recent and planned improvements in each of these properties will be discussed as well as the ultimate limits for each. The discussion of transverse stability will include high frequency motion, which can reduce the effective brightness, as well as slow drift during a fill and fill-to-fill reproducibility. RP Safranek, J (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 2 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.259877 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00001 ER PT B AU Ilinski, P Dejus, RJ Gluskin, E Morrison, TI AF Ilinski, P Dejus, RJ Gluskin, E Morrison, TI BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Some practical aspects of undulator radiation properties SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synchrotron radiation; insertion device; undulator radiation; numerical modeling; phase error; near-field effect; beam emittance; beamline design AB It is important to be able to accurately predict the spectral and angular distribution of undulator radiation properties when designing beamlines at new synchrotron radiation facilities or when performing radiation experiments at already existing beamlines. In practice, the particle beam emittance and beam energy spread must be taken into account in modeling these properties. The undulators fabricated today are made with small RMS phase errors, making them perform almost as ideal devices. Calculation tools for numerical modeling of undulator radiation sources (ideal and nonideal) will be discussed, and the excellent agreement with experimentally obtained absolute spectral flux measurements of undulator A at the Advanced Photon Source verifies the high accuracy of the computer codes and the high quality of the undulators being built today. Our focus here is on flux properties useful in practical beamline designs, and the chosen examples demonstrate the versatility of computer programs available to beamline designers and experimentalists. RP Ilinski, P (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.259881 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00002 ER PT B AU Heald, SM Brewe, DL Kim, KH Brown, FC Barg, B Stern, EA AF Heald, SM Brewe, DL Kim, KH Brown, FC Barg, B Stern, EA BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Capillary concentrators for synchrotron radiation beamlines SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE tapered capillary; x-ray imaging; micro-XAFS; x-ray microprobe; synchrotron radiation; x-ray optics AB Capillary concentrators condense x-rays by multiple reflections down a gradually tapering capillary. They can provide sub-micron beam spots, and are promising candidates for use in the next generation x-ray microprobe beamlines. The weak energy dependence of their properties make them especially useful for energy scanning applications such as micro-XAFS. This paper examines the potential performance of capillary optics for an x-ray microprobe, as well as some practical issues such as fabrication and alignment. Best performance at third generation sources requires long capillaries, and we have been using fiber optics techniques to fabricate capillaries up to one meter in length. The performance of shorter (less than about 0.5 m) capillaries has often been found to agree well with theoretical calculations, indicating the inner surface is a high quality x-ray reflector. These capillaries have been tested at the NSLS for imaging and micro-XAFS down to 2.6 mu m resolution with excellent results. On an unfocused bend magnet line flux density approaching 10(6) ph/sec/mu m(2) has been achieved. While nearly optimum profiles have been achieved for longer capillaries, the results have been disappointing, and alignment problems are suspected. The dramatic improvement in performance possible at third generation synchrotrons such as the APS is discussed along with improvements possible by using the capillaries in conjunction with coupling optics. RP Heald, SM (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.259883 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00004 ER PT B AU Freund, AK Munkholm, A Brennan, S AF Freund, AK Munkholm, A Brennan, S BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI X-ray diffraction properties of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray diffraction; pyrolytic graphite; synchrotron radiation; x-ray optics AB The x-ray diffraction properties of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were studied for x-ray energies ranging from 4 to 60 keV. In particular, the secondary extinction thickness was determined by recording the peak and integrated reflectivity as a function of depth below the surface. The results showed that for the high quality material investigated a thickness of 200 to 300 mu m was sufficient to get 80% of the maximum reflectivity that is obtained for a very thick plate. Primary extinction was important for low energy and still persisted at higher energies. Inhomogeneities of the mosaic structure were observed, too, that make this material not a truly ideal mosaic monochromator crystal. However, quite high peak reflectivities between 35% and 58% were measured at FWHM of 0.25 to 0.45 degrees. A 200 mu m thick plate was then prepared and glued on a bending device to manufacture a monochromator or analyser with variable curvature that works from flat down to a minimum bending radius of 10 cm. The successful tests of this device confirmed that HOPG plates much thinner than those commonly used as x-ray monochromators and analysers still have high efficiency and can be curved to achieve dynamical focusing. RP Freund, AK (reprint author), STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,POB 4349,MS 69,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.259851 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00007 ER PT B AU Heimann, PA Koike, M Hsu, CW Evans, M Ng, CY Blank, D Yang, XM Flaim, C Suits, AG Lee, YT AF Heimann, PA Koike, M Hsu, CW Evans, M Ng, CY Blank, D Yang, XM Flaim, C Suits, AG Lee, YT BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Performance of the VUV high resolution and high flux beamline for chemical dynamics studies at the advanced light source SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synchrotron beamline; VUV monochromator AB At the Advanced Light Source an undulator beamline, with an energy range from 6 to 30 eV, has been constructed for chemical dynamics experiments. The higher harmonics of the undulator are suppressed by a novel, windowless gas filter. In one branchline high flux, 2 % bandwidth radiation is directed toward an end station for photodissociation and crossed molecular beam experiments. A photon flux of 10(16) photon/sec has been measured at this end station. In a second branchline a 6.65 m off-plane Eagle monochromator delivers narrow bandwidth radiation to an end station for photoionization studies. At this second end station a peak flux of 3 x 10(11) was observed for 25,000 resolving power. This monochromator has achieved a resolving power of 70,000 using a 4800 grooves/mm grating, one of the highest resolving powers obtained by a VUV monochromator. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Lee, Yuan-Tseh/F-7914-2012 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1117/12.259853 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00009 ER PT B AU Padmore, HA Howells, MR Irick, S Renner, T Sandler, R Koo, YM AF Padmore, HA Howells, MR Irick, S Renner, T Sandler, R Koo, YM BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Some new schemes for producing high-accuracy elliptical x-ray mirrors by elastic bending SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synchrotron radiation; mirrors; adaptive; x-ray; microprobe AB Although x-ray micro-foci can be produced by a variety of diffractive methods, grazing incidence mirrors are the only route to an achromatic focus. In this paper we describe our efforts to produce elliptically shaped mirrors with the very high figure accuracy necessary for producing a micro-focus. The motivation for this work is provided by the need to produce achromatic foci for a range of applications ranging from tunable micro-focus x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (mu-XPS) at soft x-ray energies to micro-focus white beam x-ray diffraction (mu-XRD) at hard x-ray energies. We describe the methodology of beam bending, a practical example of a system we have produced for mu-XRD, and results demonstrating the production of a surface with micro-radian figure accuracy. RP Padmore, HA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.259867 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00014 ER PT B AU Ice, GE AF Ice, GE BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI On controlling gravitational distortions in long synchrotron x-ray mirrors SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB X-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation beamlines must have low roughness and small figure errors to preserve source brilliance. Gravitationally-induced slope errors can be particularly detrimental for large vertically-deflecting mirrors on ultra-high brilliance third-generation beamlines. Although mirror support can greatly reduce gravitational distortions, in some cases mirror support can complicate dynamic bending. We discuss techniques for controlling gravitational distortions with particular emphasis on removing gravitational distortions from simple bendable mirrors. We also show that in beamlines with parallel mirrors, gravitation induced slope errors can be canceled through the mirror pair, gravitation induced slope errors of the first mirror can be canceled by matching slope errors with opposite signs on the second mirror. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.259868 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00015 ER PT B AU Kushnir, VI Macrander, AT AF Kushnir, VI Macrander, AT BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Bent crystal analyzer without grooves for inelastic scattering - First experimental results SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE inelastic X-ray scattering; backscattering; bent crystals; focusing; synchrotron radiation instrumentation AB A new design of a bent crystal analyzer for high energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering has been recently proposed (Kushnir and Popovici, Rev. Sci. Instr., in press). It has been theoretically predicted that an analyzer with reflecting planes at a certain angle with respect to a crystal surface, bent with two different radii of curvature, will have the same energy resolution as a perfect crystal. The first experimental measurement obtained at the Advanced Photon Source of a bandwidth of such an analyzer is presented. The overall energy resolution of the analyzer and monochromator observed with a narrow beam is equal to 16.4 meV (FWHM) at 13.84 KeV. RP Kushnir, VI (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV EXPT FACIL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.259869 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00016 ER PT B AU Mui, PH Srajer, G Mills, DM AF Mui, PH Srajer, G Mills, DM BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI In-situ surface monitoring system for synchrotron mirrors under high heat load SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE metrology; thermally induced surface distortion; mirrors AB A portable electro-optical system capable of real-time measurements of surface distortions down to 0.5 mu rad is described, limited primarily by the short-term system stability. Methods to reduce the system fluctuations and to enhance the detectable resolution are explained. Although designed for use with mirrors for synchrotron radiation sources, this system has the flexibility to be applied to other optical components. The prototype system has been tested on a sample mirror piece, and preliminary results are presented. A brief discussion about the extension of this metrology unit to adaptive optics is also given. RP Mui, PH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.259871 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00018 ER PT B AU Ice, G Riemer, B Khounsary, A AF Ice, G Riemer, B Khounsary, A BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Monochromators for small cross-section x-ray beams for high heat flux synchrotron sources SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB For some x-ray experiments. only a fraction of the intense central cone of x-rays generated by high-power undulator sources can be used: the x-ray source emittance is larger than the useful emittance for the experiment. For example with microfocusin optics, or for coherence experiments. x-ray beams with cross 0.1 mm(2) are desirable. With such small beams. the total thermal load is small even sections less than 0.1 mm through the heat flux density is high. Analyses indicate that under these conditions. rather simple crystal cooling techniques can be used. We illustrate the advantages of a small beam monochromator, with a simple x-ray monochromator optimized for x-ray microdiffraction. This monochromator is designed to achieve negligible distortion when subjected to a narrow (0.1 mm wide) beam from an APS undulator A operating at 100 mA. It also allows for rapid and repeatable energy scans and rapid cycling between monochromatic and white beam conditions. RP Ice, G (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1117/12.259879 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00023 ER PT B AU Takacs, PZ Bresloff, CJ AF Takacs, PZ Bresloff, CJ BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Significant improvements in long trace profiler measurement performance SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE profilometry; surface metrology; optical metrology; figure measurement AB Modifications made to the Long Trace Profiler (LTP II) system at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory have significantly improved the accuracy and repeatability of the instrument. The use of a Dove prism in the reference beam path corrects for phasing problems between mechanical errors and thermally-induced system errors. A single reference correction now completely removes both error signals from the measured surface profile. The addition of a precision air conditioner keeps the temperature in the metrology enclosure constant to within +/-0.1 degrees C over a 24 hour period and has significantly improved the stability and repeatability of the system. We illustrate the performance improvements with several sets of measurements. The improved environmental control has reduced thermal drift error to about 0.75 microradian RMS over a 7.5 hour time period. Measurements made in the forward scan direction and the reverse scan direction differ by only about 0.5 microradian RMS over a 500mm trace length. We are now able to put 1-sigma error bar of 0.3 microradian on an average of 10 slope profile measurements over a 500mm long trace length, and we are now able to put a 0.2 microradian error bar on an average of 10 measurements over a 200mm trace length. The corresponding 1-sigma height error bar for this measurement is 1.1 nm. RP Takacs, PZ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11978, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.259878 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00024 ER PT B AU Khounsary, A Yun, W Trakhtenberg, E Xu, S Assoufid, L Lee, WK AF Khounsary, A Yun, W Trakhtenberg, E Xu, S Assoufid, L Lee, WK BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Contact-cooled U-monochromators for high heat load x-ray beamlines SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE monochromator; x-ray; thermal management; contact cooled AB This paper describes the design, expected performance, and preliminary test results of a contact-cooled monochromator for use on high heat load x-ray beamlines. The monochromator has a cross section in the shape of the letter U. This monochromator should be suitable for handing heat fluxes up to 5 W/mm(2). As such,for the present application, it is compatible with the best internally cooled silicon crystal monochromators operating at room temperature. There are three key features in the design of this monochromator. First, it is contact cooled, thereby eliminating fabrication of cooling channels, bonding, and undesirable strains in the monochromator due to coolant-manifold-to-crystal-interface. Second, by illuminating the entire length of the crystal and extracting the central part of the reflected beam, sharp slope changes in the beam profile and thus slope errors ate avoided. Last, by selecting appropriate crystal geometry and cooling locations, tangential slope error can be substantially reduced. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1117/12.259880 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00026 ER PT B AU Wang, ZB Hahn, U AF Wang, ZB Hahn, U BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Design analyses with XRAP for PETRA/HASYLAB beamline filters/windows SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray; filter; window; thermal analysis; stress analysis AB The first synchrotron radiation beamline using a Cm-long undulator at the 12 GeV storage ring PETRA delivers hard x-ray photons usable up to 300 keV. In order to reduce the low energy photon flux and the related thermal load on the beamline optics, graphite, beryllium, aluminum, copper, and iron filters or windows are installed. With a planned upgrade of the undulator, a deflection parameter of K=2.59 will be reached. The total radiated power of the undulator will then reach (with closed gap) about 15 kW. The central power density will be about 107 W/mrad(2). Therefore, the design of the filters and windows which interact directly with the white beam becomes a very challenging engineering problem. The heat transfer and thermal stress analyses of PETRA filters and windows are presented. Different filter or window thicknesses, sizes, at different deflection parameters of the undulator, are discussed. Improved filter or window designs are proposed. RP Wang, ZB (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,EXPT FACIL DIV,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 268 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.259857 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00027 ER PT B AU Martynov, VV Young, AT Padmore, HA AF Martynov, VV Young, AT Padmore, HA BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Elliptically polarizing undulator beamline 4.0.1 for magnetic spectroscopy at the advanced light source. SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE soft X-rays; monochromators; elliptically polarizing undulators AB A beamline for high resolution spectroscopy with elliptically polarized X-rays is described. The working energy range is large, from 20 eV to above 1800 eV. The resolving power is on the order of 10,000 at low energies (20 eV- 200 eV) and 6000 at high energies (200 eV-1800 eV). This is achieved using a variable deviation angle plane grating monochromator. A single grating;, with one line density and a varying groove depth, is used to cover the entire energy range. The beamline has been designed to operate with either one or two x-ray beams propagating simultaneously through the monochromator and to the experimental station. Switching between polarizations at rates of 0.1 Hz and slower is accomplished in the single beam mode by alternating the output of the elliptically polarized undulator source between left and right polarization. Fast polarization switching, at rates of 100-1000 Hz, is provided in the two beam mode by mechanical chopping between two photon beams, one of which is right circularly polarized, and the other left circularly polarized. RP Martynov, VV (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,MS 2-400,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1117/12.259860 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00029 ER PT B AU Koike, M Heimann, PA Namioka, T AF Koike, M Heimann, PA Namioka, T BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Design of a high-resolution step-and-scan type monochromator capable of tuning to undulator radiation over a wavelength range of 80-180nm SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synchrotron beamline; VUV monochromator; diffraction grating; aberrations AB A step-and-scan type scanning scheme has been investigated for the purpose of simplifying the high-precision scanning mechanism adopted in the 6.65-m off-plane Eagle type monochromator on an undulator beamline of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. In this scheme it is proposed to scan over a wavelength range of 80-180 nm by covering a range of 0.99 lambda(t)-1.01 lambda(t) at a time by simply rotating the grating fixed at the position for a wavelength lambda(t) to which the undulator is tuned. When the undulator is tuned to another lambda(t), the grating is translated to a new fixed position and scanning is made by simple grating rotation. A ruled grating with varied line spacing and straight grooves and a holographic grating recorded with spherical wave-fronts were designed to match the proposed scanning scheme and to meet the required energy resolution of similar to 1.0 cm(-1) over the entire scanning range. The results of ray tracing show that the designed gratings with 2400 grooves/mm and 6.1-m radius of curvature would provide a resolution of less than or similar to 1 cm(-1), a good correction of astigmatism, and a grating travel distance of only 11 or 14 mm over the scanning range of 80-180 nm. RP Koike, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 300 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.259861 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00030 ER PT B AU Yin, Z Berman, L Dierker, S Dufresne, E Siddons, DP AF Yin, Z Berman, L Dierker, S Dufresne, E Siddons, DP BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI A simple X-ray focusing mirror using float glass SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB In our recent x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (speckle) experiments at NSLS, one of the challenges is to increase the coherent photon flux through a pinhole, whose size is chosen to match the beam's horizontal transverse coherence length lh. We adopted an approach to vertically focus the x-ray beam so as to match its vertical transverse coherence length l(v) (at NSLSX13, l(v) similar to 50l(h),l(h) similar to 12 mu m at 3 KeV) with l(h). By demagnifying the vertical size by a factor of l(v)/l(h), we expect to increase the intensity of the x-rays through the pin hole by the same factor while keeping the beam coherent. A piece of commercial 3/8 '' thick float glass, by virtue of its low surface roughness (similar to 3 Angstrom rms), good reflectivity in the low photon energy range of interest and low cost, was chosen as the mirror material. A computer controlled motorized bender with a four point bending mechanism was designed and built to bend the float glass to a continuously variable radius of curvature from -700m (intrinsic curvature of the glass surface) to <300m, measured with the Long Trace Profiler at the BNL Metrology Lab. This mirror bender assembly allows us to continuously change the focal length of the x-ray mirror down to 0.5 m under our experimental conditions. At the NSLS X13 Prototype Small Gap Undulator (PSGU) beamline, we were able to focus the x-ray beam from a vertical size of 0.5 mm to similar to 25 mu m at the focal point 54 cm from the mirror center, thus increasing the photon flux density by a factor of 20. Results also show that, as expected, at an incident angle of 9 mrad, the mirror cuts off the harmonics of the undulator spectrum, leaving fundamental for our experiments. RP Yin, Z (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1117/12.259862 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00031 ER PT B AU Wheeler, BS McKinney, WR Hussain, Z Padmore, H AF Wheeler, BS McKinney, WR Hussain, Z Padmore, H BE Berman, LE Arthur, J TI Preliminary optical design of a varied line-space spectrograph for the multi-channel detection of Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectra in the 280-550 eV energy range SO OPTICS FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Optics for High-Brightness Synchron Radiation Beamlines CY AUG 06-07, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE NEXAFS; synchrotron optics; varied line-space gratings AB The optical design of a varied line-space spectrograph for the multi-channel recording of NEXAFS spectra in a single ''snapshot'' is proposed. The spectrograph is to be used with a bending magnet source on beamline 7.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). Approximately 20 volts of spectra are simultaneously imaged across a small square of material sample at each respective K absorption edge of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Photoelectrons emitted from the material sample will be collected by an electron imaging microscope, the view field of which determines the sampling size. The sample also forms the exit slit of the optical system. This dispersive method of NEXAFS data acquisition is three to four orders of magnitude faster than the conventional method of taking data point-to-point using scanning of the grating. The proposed design is presented along with the design method and supporting SHADOW raytrace analysis. RP Wheeler, BS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2244-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2856 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1117/12.259865 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG84L UT WOS:A1996BG84L00034 ER PT J AU Bischof, CH Khademi, PM Bouaricha, A Carle, A AF Bischof, CH Khademi, PM Bouaricha, A Carle, A TI Efficient computation of gradients and Jacobians by dynamic exploitation of sparsity in automatic differentiation SO OPTIMIZATION METHODS & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE automatic differentiation; sparsity; partial separability; sparse Jacobians; large-scale optimization; MINPACK-2; ADIFOR; SparsLinC ID MATRICES AB Automatic differentiation (AD) is a technique that augments computer codes with statements for the computation of derivatives. The computational workhorse of AD-generated codes for first-order derivatives is the linear combination of vectors. For many large-scale problems, the vectors involved in this operation are inherently sparse. If the underlying function is a partially separable one (e.g., if its Hessian is sparse), many of the intermediate gradient vectors computed by AD will also be sparse, even though the final gradient is likely to be dense. For large Jacobians computations, every intermediate derivative vector is usually at least as sparse as the least sparse row of the final Jacobian. In this paper, we show that dynamic exploitation of the sparsity inherent in derivative computation can result in dramatic gains in runtime and memory savings. For a set of gradient problems exhibiting implicit sparsity, we report on the runtime and memory requirements of computing the gradients with the ADIFOR (Automatic Differentiation of FORtran) tool, both with and without employing the SparsLinC (Sparse Linear Combinations) library, and show that SparsLinC can reduce runtime and memory costs by orders of magnitude. We also compute sparse Jacobians using the SparsLinC-based approach - in the process, automatically detecting the sparsity structure of the Jacobian - and show that these Jacobian results compare favorably with those of previous techniques that require a priori knowledge of the sparsity structure of the Jacobian. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MATH & COMP SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RICE UNIV, CTR RES PARALLEL COMPUTAT, HOUSTON, TX 77251 USA. RI Bischof, Christian/D-2897-2009 NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1055-6788 J9 OPTIM METHOD SOFTW JI Optim. Method Softw. PY 1996 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 39 DI 10.1080/10556789608805642 PG 39 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA VB568 UT WOS:A1996VB56800001 ER PT S AU Wei, SH Franceschetti, A Zunger, A AF Wei, SH Franceschetti, A Zunger, A BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Dependence of optical properties of semiconductor alloys on long range order, strain and pressure SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00001 ER PT S AU Zhang, SB Froyen, S Zunger, A AF Zhang, SB Froyen, S Zunger, A BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Theory of surface dimerization-induced ordering in GaInP alloys SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00004 ER PT S AU Bode, MH Ahrenkiel, SP Kurtz, SR Bertness, KA Arent, DJ Olson, J AF Bode, MH Ahrenkiel, SP Kurtz, SR Bertness, KA Arent, DJ Olson, J BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Determination of the order parameter by quantitative TEM techniques SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00006 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Ernst, P Driessen, FAJM Mascarenhas, A Geng, C Scholz, F Schweizer, H AF Zhang, Y Ernst, P Driessen, FAJM Mascarenhas, A Geng, C Scholz, F Schweizer, H BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI A polarization study of ordered GaInP2 SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00007 ER PT S AU Jones, ED Schneider, RP Mascarenhas, A AF Jones, ED Schneider, RP Mascarenhas, A BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Magnetoluminescence studies in ordered InGaP2 SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00009 ER PT S AU Driessen, FAJM Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A AF Driessen, FAJM Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Energy up-conversion at GaAs-GaInP2 and GaAs-AlGaInP2 interfaces caused by cold Auger processes SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RI Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00011 ER PT S AU Franceschetti, A Wei, SH Zunger, A AF Franceschetti, A Wei, SH Zunger, A BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Prediction of new fingerprints of ordering in GaInP2 alloys SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00014 ER PT S AU Hanna, MC Lu, ZH Cahill, AF Heben, MJ Nozik, AJ AF Hanna, MC Lu, ZH Cahill, AF Heben, MJ Nozik, AJ BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Growth of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots using self-organized InP stressors SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00018 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, SP Bode, MH AlJassim, MM Luo, H Xin, SH Furdyna, JK AF Ahrenkiel, SP Bode, MH AlJassim, MM Luo, H Xin, SH Furdyna, JK BE Jones, ED Mascarenhas, A Petroff, P TI Structural characterization of composition modulated ZnSe1-xTex epitaxial films SO OPTOELECTRONIC MATERIALS: ORDERING, COMPOSITION MODULATION, AND SELF-ASSEMBLED STRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Optoelectronic Materials - Ordering, Composition Modulation, and Self-Assembled Structures, at the 1995 FRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-320-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1996 VL 417 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BF87Q UT WOS:A1996BF87Q00043 ER PT J AU Ellis, L Langworthy, TA Winans, R AF Ellis, L Langworthy, TA Winans, R TI Occurrence of phenylalkanes in some Australian crude oils and sediments SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE linear alkylbenzenes; phenylalkanes; alkylbenzenes; sediments; crude oil; petroleum; torbanite; bacterial lipids ID LONG-CHAIN ALKYLBENZENES; RESISTANT BIO-POLYMER; BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; THERMOPLASMA-ACIDOPHILUM; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENES; HYDROCARBONS; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENT; PYROLYSIS AB Evidence is presented to support the proposition that phenylalkanes in some Australian crude oils and sediments are of geochemical origin as opposed to resulting from contamination from byproducts of the petrochemical manufacture of surfactants. Evidence presented shows that: (1) an unexposed sediment core was found to contain phenylalkanes; (2) the molecular weight rang of phenylalkanes in sediments and crude oils is usually wider than that found in surfactants, extending in some cases beyond C-35; (3) abundant phenylalkanes were generated by pyrolysis of extracted sediments, and (4) phenylalkanes were found in the neutral lipid extract of extant Thermoplasma bacteria. Also, the presence of phenylalkanes and possibly phenylalkenes in the pyrolyzates of torbanites suggests that these compounds may also be formed from fossil algae. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 CURTIN UNIV TECHNOL,AUSTRALIAN PETR CRC,CTR PETR & ENVIRONM ORGAN GEOCHEM,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV S DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,VERMILLION,SD 57069. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(96)00006-X PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA UZ805 UT WOS:A1996UZ80500006 ER PT B AU Emin, D AF Emin, D BE Ducharme, S Stasiak, JW TI Hopping conduction in high electric fields: Three issues SO ORGANIC PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS AND XEROGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photorefractive Materials and Xerographic Photoreceptors CY AUG 07-08, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE small polarons; nonohmic conduction; phonon-assisted hopping; disordered semiconductors; multiphonon hopping; molecularly doped polymers C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2238-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2850 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.254241 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG61K UT WOS:A1996BG61K00017 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S Newitt, D Mathur, A Osman, D Gies, A Chiu, E Lotz, J Kinney, J Genant, H AF Majumdar, S Newitt, D Mathur, A Osman, D Gies, A Chiu, E Lotz, J Kinney, J Genant, H TI Magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone structure in the distal radius: Relationship with X-ray tomographic microscopy and biomechanics SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE architecture; magnetic resonance; microscopy; osteoporosis; trabecular bone ID RESOLUTION; 3D; MICROSTRUCTURE; INVIVO AB The contribution of trabecular bone structure to bone strength is of considerable interest in the study of osteoporosis and other disorders characterized by changes in the skeletal system. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of trabecular bone has emerged as a promising technique for assessing trabecular bone structure. In this in vitro study we compare the measures of trabecular structure obtained using MR imaging and higher-resolution X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM) imaging of cubes from human distal radii. The XTM image resolution is similar to that obtained from histomorphometric sections (18 mu m isotropic), while the MR images are obtained at a resolution comparable to that achievable in vivo (156 x 156 x 300 mu m). Standard histomorphometric measures, such as trabecular bone area fraction (synonymous with BV/TV), trabecular width, trabecular spacing and trabecular number, texture-related measures and three-dimensional connectivity (first Betti number/volume) of the trabecular network have been derived from these images. The variation in these parameters as a function of resolution, and the relationship between the structural parameters, bone mineral density and the elastic modulus are also examined. In MR images, because the resolution is comparable to the trabecular dimensions, partial volume effects occur, which complicate the segmentation of the image into bone and marrow phases. Using a standardized thresholding criterion for all. images we find that there is an overestimation of trabecular bone area fraction (similar to 3 times), trabecular width (similar to 3 times), fractal dimension (similar to 1.4 times) and first Betti number/volume (similar to 10 times), and an underestimation of trabecular spacing (similar to 1.6 times) in the MR images compared with the 18-mu m XTM images. However, even for a factor of 9 difference in spatial resolution, the differences in the morphological trabecular structure measures ranged from a factor of 1.4 to 3.0. We have found that trabecular width, area fraction, number, fractal dimension and Betti number/volume measured from the XTM and MR images increases, while trabecular spacing decreases, as the bone mineral density and elastic modulus increase. A preliminary bivariate analysis showed that in addition to bone mineral density alone, the Betti number, trabecular number and spacing contributed to the prediction of the elastic modulus. This preliminary study indicates that measures of trabecular bone structure using MR imaging may play a role in the study of osteoporosis. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT ORTHOPED SURG,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT RADIOL,MAGNET RESONANCE CTR,POB 1290,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR-41226, KO4 AR-01908] NR 18 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 3DJ SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 1996 VL 6 IS 5 BP 376 EP 385 DI 10.1007/BF01623011 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA VR313 UT WOS:A1996VR31300006 PM 8931032 ER EF