FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Miller, DL Thomas, RM AF Miller, DL Thomas, RM TI The role of cavitation in the induction of cellular DNA damage by ultrasound and lithotripter shock waves in vitro SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA strand breaks; DNA repair; hydrogen peroxide; inertial cavitation; lithotripsy; ultrasound bioeffects ID SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; CELLS; INVITRO; EXPOSURE AB The induction of DNA strand breaks in Chinese hamster ovary cells was measured with the comet assay after continuous wave ultrasound or lithotripter shock wave exposure. Cell lysis and hydrogen peroxide production were measured to gauge the level of inertial cavitation activity. Significant DNA damage was found after 2.17-MHz ultrasound exposure at 37 degrees C to 0.82 MPa for 2 min or 4 min, and to 0.58 MPa for 4 min. A significant portion of the damage induced at the 0.82-MPa level was repaired by the cells when warmed. Neither exposure to 500 or 1000 shock waves at 37 degrees C in a thin-walled tube, nor exposure to 1000, 1500 or 2000 shock waves at 25 degrees C in a polyethylene pipette bulb produced a significant effect, when the flash of light from the spark-gap discharge was blocked. This finding was consistent with the generally lower lysis and hydrogen peroxide production by the shock wave exposure. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, BATTELLE BLVD, POB 999, MAIL STOP P7-53, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42947] NR 31 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 5 BP 681 EP 687 DI 10.1016/0301-5629(95)02077-2 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA UU424 UT WOS:A1996UU42400014 PM 8865563 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Thomas, RM AF Miller, DL Thomas, RM TI Contrast-agent gas bodies enhance hemolysis induced by lithotripter shock waves and high-intensity focused ultrasound in whole blood SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE albunex; cavitation; ultrasound therapy; ultrasound adverse effects ID IN-VITRO; CELL-LYSIS; CAVITATION; INVIVO; ERYTHROCYTES; GENERATION; THERAPY; DAMAGE; TISSUE; SYSTEM AB Fresh canine whole blood was exposed in 1.3-mL disposable pipette bulbs with or without added Albunex contrast agent to lithotripter shock waves (rate: 2 Hz; mean pressure amplitude: 14.8 MPa) or 1.28-MHz high-intensity focused ultrasound up to a mean pressure amplitude of 17.8 MPa, Significant shock-wave-induced hemolysis up to about 10% was detected after 500 or more shock waves without added agent, after 200 with 1% added agent and after 100 with 10% added contrast agent, Hemolysis was increased somewhat with added contrast agent, but this enhancement was not statistically significant, For ultrasound exposure, significant hemolysis approaching 100% was detected for 100-ms continuous exposure at 17.8 MPa without added gas bodies, Addition of 1% contrast agent enhanced the hemolysis by reducing the apparent threshold to 10 MPa, Burst mode exposure with a 100-ms total on-time (20 mu s, 100 mu s and 1-ms bursts) also yielded hemolysis enhancement with added contrast agent, with results similar to the 100-ms continuous exposure, The added gas bodies appear to lower cavitation thresholds by serving as cavitation nuclei in the blood. Copyright (C) 1996 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42947] NR 36 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 8 BP 1089 EP 1095 DI 10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00126-3 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VU898 UT WOS:A1996VU89800014 PM 9004433 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Miller, DL Brayman, AA AF Miller, MW Miller, DL Brayman, AA TI A review of in vitro bioeffects of inertial ultrasonic cavitation from a mechanistic perspective SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; TUBE EXPOSURE SYSTEM; INTENSITY PULSED ULTRASOUND; SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPTER; SINGLE-STRAND BREAKS; HAMSTER V-79 CELLS; CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FREE-RADICAL FORMATION; LYSIS IN-VITRO; DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND AB This selective review of the biological effects of ultrasound presents a synopsis of our current understanding of how cells insonated in vitro are affected by inertial cavitation from the standpoint of physical and chemical mechanisms. The focus of this review is on the physical and chemical mechanisms of action of inertial cavitation which appear to be effective in causing biological effects. There are several fundamental conditions which must be satisfied before cavitation-related bioeffects may arise. First, bubbles must be created and then brought into proximity to cells. Exposure methods are critical in this regard, and simple procedures such as rotation of a vessel containing the cells during exposure can drastically alter the results. Second, once association is achieved between bubbles and cells, the former must interact with the latter to produce a bioeffect. It is not certain that the inertial event is the prime mechanism by which cells are lysed; there is evidence that the turbulence associated with bubble translation may cause lysis. Additionally, there appear to be chemical and other physical mechanisms by which inertial cavitation may affect cells; these include the generation of biologically effective sonochemicals and the apparent emission of ultraviolet (UV) and soft X-rays. The evidence for inertial cavitation occurring within cells is critically reviewed. Copyright (C) 1996 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER, SCH MED & DENT, DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL, ROCHESTER, NY 14642 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R37CA39230, R01CA42947] NR 145 TC 335 Z9 356 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PY 1996 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1131 EP 1154 DI 10.1016/S0301-5629(96)00089-0 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WB811 UT WOS:A1996WB81100001 PM 9123638 ER PT B AU McKenna, SA Cromer, MV Rautman, CA Zelinski, WP AF McKenna, SA Cromer, MV Rautman, CA Zelinski, WP BE Shackelford, CD Nelson, PP Roth, MJS TI Addressing uncertainty in rock properties through geostatistical simulation SO UNCERTAINTY IN THE GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE, VOLS 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF UNCERTAINTY '96 SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASCE Geotechnical-Engineering-Division Specialty Conference on Uncertainty in the Geologic Environment - From Theory to Practice (UNCERTAINTY 96) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1996 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geotech Engn Div, ASFE, Profess Firms Practicing Geosci, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm D 18, Natl Sci Fdn, US Dept Transportat, Fed Highway Adm, US EPA C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,GEOHYDROL DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0188-8 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1996 IS 58 BP 297 EP 311 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BG40S UT WOS:A1996BG40S00018 ER PT S AU Cayon, L AF Cayon, L BE MartinezGonzalez, E Sanz, JL TI Detections of cosmic microwave background anisotropies at large and intermediate angular scales: Data analysis and experimental results SO UNIVERSE AT HIGH-Z, LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE AND THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Summer School on the Universe at High-z, Large-Scale Structure and the Cosmic Microwave Background CY SEP 04-08, 1995 CL LAREDO, SPAIN SP Univ Cantabria, XI Cursos Verano Laredo, Univ Cantabria, M E C, Univ Cantabria, Fac Ciencias AB The first detection of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB hereinafter) anisotropies was claimed by the COBE/DMR team in April 1992. Since then, eight groups have published detections: Saskatoon, Tenerife, ACME/SP94, IAB, Python, ACME/MAX3-4, MSAM and Argo. It is the aim of this contribution to review the experimental setups, data analyses and results of these experiments. The COBE/DMR experiment and the implications of its observations are considered in detail. RP Cayon, L (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CYCLOTRON RD,BUILD 50,ROOM 205,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/E-9534-2015 OI Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/0000-0002-0179-8590 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-61225-4 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 1996 VL 470 BP 177 EP 198 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72V UT WOS:A1996BG72V00010 ER PT J AU Kellman, B Gualtieri, DS AF Kellman, B Gualtieri, DS TI Barricading the nuclear window - A legal regime to curtail nuclear smuggling SO UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID INTERNATIONAL-LAW; AGREEMENTS; TERRORISM; TREATIES AB Nuclear smuggling is perceived to be a serious security threat Seizures of bomb-quality material are becoming frequent, leading to concerns that even more material is passing unseen. This article formulates and organizes legal responses to that threat. First, modalities of international arms control should be employed to reduce the availability of nuclear materials to smugglers, substantially increasing the cost of pursuing a clandestine weapons program and raising the chance of revealing their criminal plot. Second modalities of international criminal law enforcement should be employed to investigate, apprehend, and prosecute those who engage in illicit weapons activities. The colossal quantity of nuclear material, the widespread awareness of weapons design, and the propagation of global criminal networks, together manifest a need for a comprehensive international response. This article offers nineteen recommendations for an integrated legal regime in which arms control and criminal law enforcement-two previously unrelated branches of international law-can be implemented explicitly for maximum efficacy. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Kellman, B (reprint author), DEPAUL UNIV,COLL LAW,CHICAGO,IL 60604, USA. NR 260 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS PI CHAMPAIGN PA COLLEGE OF LAW-76 LAW BLDG 504 E PENNSYLVANIA AVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0276-9948 J9 U ILLINOIS LAW REV JI Univ. Ill. Law Rev. PY 1996 IS 3 BP 667 EP 741 PG 75 WC Law SC Government & Law GA UT251 UT WOS:A1996UT25100002 ER PT S AU Kent, SM Balcells, M AF Kent, SM Balcells, M BE Blitz, L Teuben, P TI A survey of surveys SO UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF THE MILKY WAY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 169th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Unsolved Problems of the Milky Way CY AUG 23-29, 1994 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP Int Astron Union ID INFRARED STELLAR POPULATION; STAR COUNTS; MILKY-WAY; GALACTIC STRUCTURE; FAINT MAGNITUDES; GALAXY; MODEL; DISK; BAR AB A new era for the field of Galactic structure is about to be opened with the advent of wide-area digital sky surveys. In this article, I will review the status and prospects for research for 3 new ground-based surveys: the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the Deep Near-Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky (DENIS) and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). These surveys will permit detailed studies of Galactic structure and stellar populations in the Galaxy with unprecedented detail. Extracting the information, however, will be challenging. RP Kent, SM (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,MS 127,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4039-6 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1996 IS 169 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG01P UT WOS:A1996BG01P00006 ER PT B AU Gammage, RB AF Gammage, RB BE Maroni, M TI Controlling aerial transmission of aspergillosis, legionellosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis in hospitals SO VENTILATION AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN HOSPITALS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCES INSTITUTE SERIES, SER 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in Hospitals CY SEP 13-16, 1996 CL MILAN, ITALY SP NATO, Sci & Environm Affairs Div, Int Ctr Pesticide Safety, Univ Milano, Inst Occupat Hlth, Politecnico Milano, US EPA C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HLTH SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4076-0 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1996 VL 11 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BF97S UT WOS:A1996BF97S00009 ER PT B AU Molley, P AF Molley, P BE Ansari, R Smith, MJT TI Computer vision challenges and technologies for agile manufacturing SO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGE PROCESSING '96 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 96 CY MAR 17-20, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2103-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2727 BP 1036 EP 1037 DI 10.1117/12.233237 PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BF32D UT WOS:A1996BF32D00098 ER PT B AU Zahrt, JD Papcun, G Childers, R Rubin, N AF Zahrt, JD Papcun, G Childers, R Rubin, N BE Grinstein, GG Erbacher, RF TI Virtual reality via photogrammetry SO VISUAL DATA EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Data Exploration and Analysis III CY JAN 31-FEB 02, 1996 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE virtual reality; photogrammetry C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2030-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2656 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1117/12.234683 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF18V UT WOS:A1996BF18V00033 ER PT S AU Painter, JS Bunge, HP Livnat, Y AF Painter, JS Bunge, HP Livnat, Y GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Case study: Mantle convection visualization on the Cray T3D SO VISUALIZATION '96, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUALIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Conference on Visualization (Visualization 96) CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH AB The recent years have seen rapid advancement towards viewing the Earth as an integrated system. This means that we have come to understand the interdependence of the major planetary subsystems - atmosphere, biosphere, oceans and the deep earth interior - on a large range of time and length scales. One of the longest time scales of the planet is imposed by solid state convection within the silicate Earth mantle. Mantle convection modeling, and other earth science modeling efforts, now are producing simulation data on grids that are large enough to strain the memory and processing power of even the largest high-end graphics workstations. Another alternative is to use parallel visualization tools running on the massively parallel computers that generated the data. This is the approach that we have taken for the visualization of mantle convection simulation data. RP Painter, JS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ADV COMP LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1070-2385 BN 0-89791-864-9 J9 IEEE VISUAL PY 1996 BP 409 EP + DI 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568144 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG87S UT WOS:A1996BG87S00061 ER PT J AU Forsberg, CW Beahm, EC Parker, GW Elam, KR AF Forsberg, CW Beahm, EC Parker, GW Elam, KR TI Conversion of radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes into borosilicate glass using the glass material oxidation and dissolution system SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LEAD AB A new vitrification process has been invented. The Glass Material Oxidation and Dissolution System (GMODS) allows direct conversion of radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes to borosilicate glass. GMODS directly converts metals, ceramics and amorphous solids to glass, oxidizes organics with the residue converted to glass, and converts halides (such as chlorides) to borosilicate glass and a secondary sodium halide stream. The glass is designed to meet EPA criteria for chemically non-hazardous waste forms. Laboratory work has demonstrated the conversion of stainless steel, aluminum, cerium (a plutonium surrogate), uranium, Zircaloy, multiple oxides and other materials to glass. Equipment options have been identified for processing rates between 1 and 100,000 t/y. Significant work, including a pilot plant, is required to develop GMODS for applications at an industrial scale. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Forsberg, CW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 7 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(97)00002-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XD295 UT WOS:A1996XD29500008 ER PT J AU Harker, YD Blackwood, LG Meachum, TR Yoon, WY AF Harker, YD Blackwood, LG Meachum, TR Yoon, WY TI Uncertainty analysis of a nondestructive radioassay system for transuranic waste SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Radioassay of transuranic waste in 207 liter drums currently stored at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory is achieved using a Passive Active Neutron (PAN) nondestructive assay system. In order to meet data quality assurance requirements for shipping and eventual permanent storage of these drums at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad, New Mexico, the total uncertainty of the PAN system measurements must be assessed. In particular, the uncertainty calculations are required to include the effects of variations in waste matrix parameters and related variables on the final measurement results. Because of the complexities involved in introducing waste matrix parameter effects into the uncertainty calculations, standard methods of analysis (e.g. experimentation followed by propagation of errors) could not be implemented. Instead, a modified statistical sampling and verification approach was developed. In this modified approach the total performance of the PAN system is simulated using computer models of the assay system and the resultant output is compared with the known input to assess the total uncertainty. This paper describes the simulation process and illustrates its application to waste comprised of weapons grade plutonium-contaminated graphite molds. C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 1996 VL 16 IS 7 BP 633 EP 647 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(97)00005-6 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XD295 UT WOS:A1996XD29500010 ER PT J AU Harris, LA Henson, TJ Combs, D Melton, RE Steele, RR Marsh, GC AF Harris, LA Henson, TJ Combs, D Melton, RE Steele, RR Marsh, GC TI Imaging and microanalyses of mercury in flood plain soils of East Fork Poplar Creek SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB Electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, optical microscopy, and x-ray diffractometry were used to locate, identify, and analyze Hg-bearing matter in the soils from the East Fork Poplar Creek floodplain located adjacent to D.O.E.'s Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant* Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Several significant findings were made in this study; namely, that ash concentration in soils is an indicator of Hg enrichment, the modes of occurrence of Hg are identical in so-called Hg-rich and Hg-poor soils, and Hg was found to coexist with S in all cases. In addition to Hg other materials employed at the Oak Ridge site such as U, Th, alloys, and rare earth were also observed. C1 TECH DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Harris, LA (reprint author), MIDWEST TECH INC,POB 6755,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 86 IS 1-4 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF00279145 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UE411 UT WOS:A1996UE41100004 ER PT S AU Koechling, MT Shukairy, HM Summers, RS AF Koechling, MT Shukairy, HM Summers, RS BE Minear, RA Amy, GL TI Effect of ozonation and biotreatment on molecular size and hydrophilic fractions of natural organic matter SO WATER DISINFECTION AND NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER: CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter - Characterization and Control, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-24, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem ID DBP FORMATION; SPECIATION; BIODEGRADATION; PRECURSORS; PRODUCTS AB The impact of ozonation and ozonation combined with biotreatment on the molecular size (MS) distribution, hydrophilicity, chlorine reactivity and chemical composition of a groundwater natural organic matter was investigated. Chlorination of isolated fractions was conducted under constant precursor concentrations and chlorination conditions. In the untreated solution, the <1K MS fraction was the most reactive to chlorination and the nonhumic fraction showed the highest bromine incorporation. Ozonation caused a shift to smaller MS and hydrophilic fractions, and from a polyaromatic nature to a polysaccharidal and proteinaecous nature, as measured by pyrolysis-GC/MS analyses but did not affect the disinfection by-product (DBP) specific yield in the larger MS fractions. It did cause a shift towards more bromosubstituted DBPs. Subsequent biotreatment was most effective in dissolved organic carbon removal for the <1K MS fraction, but did not exhibit selective DBP precursor removal in any fraction. C1 US EPA,POST GRAD RES PROGRAM,OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP Koechling, MT (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,POB 210071,CINCINNATI,OH 45221, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3464-7 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 649 BP 196 EP 210 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BG76C UT WOS:A1996BG76C00013 ER PT J AU Thomson, BM Turney, WR AF Thomson, BM Turney, WR TI Minerals and mine drainage SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Thomson, BM (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 1996 VL 68 IS 4 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.2175/106143096X135434 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UX253 UT WOS:A1996UX25300020 ER PT J AU Peyton, BM AF Peyton, BM TI Effects of shear stress and substrate loading rate on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm thickness and density SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofilm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; accumulation; measurement; thickness; density; shear stress; substrate loading ID FLUIDIZED-BED; ACTIVATED CARBON; DRINKING-WATER; STEADY-STATE; MODEL; KINETICS; DENITRIFICATION; DETACHMENT; REACTORS; CULTURE AB Thickness, roughness, and density data were obtained from monopopulation Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown in an annular reactor under different substrate loading rates and shear stresses. Biofilm thickness showed significant increases, up to approx. 30 mu m, with increasing substrate loading rate. Shear stress had no significant effect on thickness. Biofilm roughness, as measured by the standard deviation of the thickness, increased with increasing thickness. Areal mass density significantly increased with substrate loading rate and was not significantly affected by shear stress. Substrate loading and shear stress did not significantly affect volumetric mass density. A numerical expression that describes changes volumetric density as a function of biofilm depth is presented. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 51 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00110-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA TG772 UT WOS:A1996TG77200005 ER PT J AU Eichinger, WE Parlange, MB Stricker, H AF Eichinger, WE Parlange, MB Stricker, H TI On the concept of equilibrium evaporation and the value of the Priestley-Taylor coefficient SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL EVAPORATION; SURFACE; MODEL AB An analytical expression is derived for the Priestley-Taylor coefficient, a. This coefficient is generally interpreted as the ratio between the actual evaporation rate and the equilibrium evaporation rate. The derived expression is shown to be equal to the accepted value of 1:26 for typically observed atmospheric conditions and to be relatively insensitive to small changes in atmospheric parameters, A comparison is made between the new expression and data taken over an irrigated held in California, The concept of equilibrium evaporation is called into question and it is suggested that the Priestley-Taylor expression with alpha equal to 1.26 is a more accurate representation of evaporation under ''equilibrium'' wet surface conditions. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT WATER RESOURCES,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP Eichinger, WE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAIL STOP K300,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015 NR 19 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1029/95WR02920 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA TN961 UT WOS:A1996TN96100016 ER PT J AU Wigmosta, MS Vail, LW Lettenmaier, DP AF Wigmosta, MS Vail, LW Lettenmaier, DP TI A distributed hydrology-vegetation model for complex terrain - Reply SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP Wigmosta, MS (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 32 IS 1 BP 213 EP 214 DI 10.1029/95WR02771 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA TN961 UT WOS:A1996TN96100026 ER PT B AU Richardson, JH Farmer, JC Fix, DV dePruneda, JAH Mack, GV Poco, JF Nielsen, JK Pekala, RW AF Richardson, JH Farmer, JC Fix, DV dePruneda, JAH Mack, GV Poco, JF Nielsen, JK Pekala, RW GP AMER DESALTING ASSOC TI Desalting in wastewater reclamation using capacitive deionization with carbon aerogel electrodes SO WATER SUPPLY PUZZLE: HOW DOES DESALTING FIT IN? LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Biennial Conference and Exposition on the Water Supply Puzzle - How Does Desalting Fit In CY AUG 04-08, 1996 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Amer Desalting Assoc AB Capacitive deionization with carbon aerogel electrodes is an efficient and economical new process for removing salt and impurities from water. Carbon aerogel is a material that enables the successful purification of water because of its high surface area, optimum pore size, and low electrical resistivity. The electrodes are maintained at a potential difference of about one volt; ions are removed from the water by the imposed electrostatic field and retained on the electrode surface until the polarity is reversed. The capacitive deionization of water with a stack of carbon aerogel electrodes has been successfully demonstrated. The overall process offers advantages when compared to conventional water-purification methods, requiring neither pumps, membranes, distillation columns, nor thermal heaters. Consequently, the overall process is both robust and energy efficient. The current state of technology development, commercialization, and potential applications of this process are reviewed. Particular attention and comparison with alternate technologies will be done for seawater, brackish water, and desalting in wastewater reclamation. RP Richardson, JH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CHEM & MAT SCI DIRECTORATE,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMERICAN DESALTING ASSOCIATION PI SACRAMENTO PA 915 L STREET SUITE 1000, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 PY 1996 BP 374 EP 391 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BH65S UT WOS:A1996BH65S00025 ER PT B AU Krumbugel, MA Fittinghoff, DN DeLong, KW Sweetser, JN Trebino, R AF Krumbugel, MA Fittinghoff, DN DeLong, KW Sweetser, JN Trebino, R BE Szu, HH TI Wavelet noise reduction for frequency-resolved-optical-gating measurements of ultrashort laser pulses SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wavelet Applications III Conference CY APR 08-12, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE FROG; ultrashort laser pulse; phase retrieval; wavelets; noise reduction C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2143-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2762 BP 612 EP 620 DI 10.1117/12.236033 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BF34Y UT WOS:A1996BF34Y00059 ER PT B AU Brewster, ME Fann, GI AF Brewster, ME Fann, GI BE Unser, MA Aldroubi, A Laine, AF TI Wavelets for electronics structure calculations SO WAVELET APPLICATIONS IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Wavelet Applications in Signal and Image Processing CY AUG 06-09, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2213-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1996 VL 2825 BP 919 EP 928 DI 10.1117/12.255296 PN 1-2 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG61S UT WOS:A1996BG61S00085 ER PT J AU Alp, A Erdemir, A Kumar, S AF Alp, A Erdemir, A Kumar, S TI Energy and wear analysis in lubricated sliding contact SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Contact Mechanics of Rail-Wheel Systems CY JUL 24-28, 1994 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Assoc Amer Railroads, CN N Amer, Fed Railway Adm, Loram Maintenance Way, Natl Res Council Canada, Speno Int, Transport Canada, Adv Rail Management, BC Rail, BC Rapir Transit Co, Quebec Cartier, Sumitomo Met Ind Ltd DE pin-on-disk; lubrication; friction; energy savings; lubricant ranking; pin displacement AB Lubricants are used to control friction and minimize wear in a variety of tribological applications. When lubricants are used at the contact interface of two sliding surfaces the material loss due to wear and the energy consumption due to friction are reduced by several orders of magnitude. In railroad applications, lubricants are routinely applied to the side of the rails to reduce friction and wear that occur between the flange part of the wheel and the gauge side of the rail on curved tracks. A standardized method has been developed to measure the railroad gauge side lubricant performance (A. Alp, Energy and wear analysis in lubricated sliding and rolling/sliding contacts, M.S. Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, August 1991). This method correlates the amount of energy saved up to lubricant breakdown and stabilization points and lubricant breakdown duration to lubricant performance. C1 IIT,CHICAGO,IL 60616. ASSOC AMER RAILROADS,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RP Alp, A (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JAN PY 1996 VL 191 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06731-0 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA UB997 UT WOS:A1996UB99700034 ER PT J AU Fuerschbach, PW AF Fuerschbach, PW TI Measurement and prediction of energy transfer efficiency in laser beam welding SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE laser beam welding; uncertainty analysis; intensity; dimensional analysis; melting efficiency; microwelding; irradiance; calorimetry; CO2 laser; absorption ID DEEP PENETRATION AB The absorption of laser energy by the workpiece during laserbeam welding (LBW) has been studied through direct measurements of heat input obtained with a Seebeck envelope calorimeter. The experiment compared workpiece materials with contrasting thermal properties (304 stainless steel, 1018 steel, tin), and varied the laser power, travel speed, and focus spot size in order to determine their effects on two figures of merit: the energy transfer efficiency and the melting efficiency. An uncertainty analysis of the experimental measurements and calculated parameters has been included. The energy transfer efficiency during laser beam welding was found to increase with beam intensity from 0.20 to 0.90 and to stabilize at a high value at intensities greater than 30 kW/cm. No correlation with energy transfer efficiency was found for either the fusion zone depth-to-width ratio or the travel speed. Measured melting efficiencies for laser welding were found to be no higher than the theoretical maximum value of 0.48 which can be obtained with conventional are welding processes. However, improved melting efficiency over conventional processes was obtained due to the shapes of laser welds that create two-dimensional heat flow in nominally three-dimensional heat flow applications. A mathematical model for laser welding has been developed using dimensionless parameters that relate the size of a laser weld to the net heal absorbed by the workpiece. Through application of this model, the energy transfer efficiency for continuous wave laser welding processes can be calculated after measurements of weld cross-sectional area have been made. Use of this model is expected to assist in optimization of laser welding for any type of material when it is used to select processing regimes that maximize melting efficiency and energy transfer efficiency. RP Fuerschbach, PW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,PHYS & JOINING MET DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 75 IS 1 BP S24 EP S34 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TN960 UT WOS:A1996TN96000020 ER PT J AU Heppell, SS Limpus, CJ Crouse, DT Frazer, NB Crowder, LB AF Heppell, SS Limpus, CJ Crouse, DT Frazer, NB Crowder, LB TI Population model analysis for the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, in Queensland SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; GREEN AB Worldwide declines of marine turtle populations have forced a need for sound conservation policies to prevent their extinction. Loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, are declining rapidly at eastern Australian nesting beaches, which are visited by females from all feeding areas for the stock. In some feeding areas of eastern Australia, loggerheads have been protected from deleterious anthropogenic effects. Using long-term mark-recapture data from one such protected group of turtles feeding on Heron Island Reef, Queensland, we created a matrix model to analyse loggerhead demography. We also produced a model for the females nesting at Mon Repos, Queensland, a major rookery where the annual nesting population has declined at rates approaching 8% per year. As indicated by a similar model for loggerheads in the USA, our models predicted that small declines in annual survival rates of adult and subadult loggerheads can have a profound impact on population dynamics. A loss of only a few hundred subadult and adult females each year could lead to extinction of the eastern Australian loggerheads in less than a century. Survival in the first year of life is relatively less important in these long-lived and slow-maturing animals. At Mon Repos, nesting female survival is apparently so low that even beach protection efforts resulting in 90% hatchling emergence success would not prevent population decline. Our research suggests that continued mortality pressure on subadult and adult turtles in their dispersed feeding areas of eastern and northern Australia is a major threat to the eastern Australian loggerhead turtle population. Measures that protect adult and subadult loggerhead turtles should be supported, including the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on prawn trawls. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. QUEENSLAND DEPT ENVIRONM & HERITAGE,BRISBANE,QLD 4002,AUSTRALIA. CTR MARINE CONSERVAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 38 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 32 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1996 VL 23 IS 2 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1071/WR9960143 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA UH878 UT WOS:A1996UH87800002 ER PT S AU Belian, RD Cayton, TE Christensen, RA Ingraham, JC Meier, MM Reeves, GD Lazarus, AJ AF Belian, RD Cayton, TE Christensen, RA Ingraham, JC Meier, MM Reeves, GD Lazarus, AJ BE Reeves, GD TI Relativistic electrons in the outer-zone: An 11 year cycle; Their relation to the solar wind SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB We examine Los Alamos energetic electron data from 1979 through the present to show long term trends in the napped relativistic electron populations at geosynchronous-earth-orbit (GEO). Data is examined from several CPA and SOFA instruments to cover the interval from 1979 through lune, 1994. It is shown chat the higher energy electrons fluxes (E > 300 keV) displayed a cycle of approximate to 11 years. In agreement with other investigators, we also show that the relativistic electron cycle is out of phase with the sunspot cycle. We compare the occurrences of relativistic electrons and solar wind high speed streams and determine that on the time scale of 15 years the two do not correlate well. The long-term data set we provide here shows a systematic change of the electron energy spectrum during the course of the solar cycle. This information should be useful to magnetospheric scientists, model designers and space flight planners. RP Belian, RD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NIS DIV,MS D436,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00002 ER PT S AU Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ Moldwin, MB AF Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ Moldwin, MB BE Reeves, GD TI Observations of the earth's plasma sheet at geosynchronous orbit SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB Geosynchronous orbit typically lies within the near-Earth portion of the plasma sheet and its dayside extension. Los Alamos magnetospheric plasma analyzers (MPA) on three geosynchronous satellites routinely observe the plasma-sheet ion and electron distributions over the energy range of similar to 1 eV to similar to 40 keV. Based on these observations, we describe the typical appearance of the plasma sheet at synchronous altitude under both fairly steady and fairly active conditions. We also present a statistical analysis of the bulk properties (density, temperature, and anisotropy) of the plasma sheet ion and electron populations, and we illustrate the dependence of these average properties on local time. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011 OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00004 ER PT S AU McComas, DJ AF McComas, DJ BE Reeves, GD TI Magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA): Plasma observations from geosynchronous orbit SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB This paper briefly summarizes the early studies of the Los Alamos Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA) observations. The three MPA instruments presently on orbit are returning a unique set of simultaneous, multi-point observations of the geosynchronous plasma environment. So far. MPA studies can be divided into six general topics: 1) morphology and distribution of the plasma regions observed at geosynchronous orbit. 2) the location and shape of the magnetopause when compressed and/or eroded to within geosynchronous orbit, 3) rare geosynchronous lobe encounters. 4) magnetic field line models and field line mapping, 5) outer plasmasphere shape, configuration. and dynamics. and 6) local plasma processes. This paper briefly highlights the MPA-related work in each of these areas. In addition, a list of ongoing MPA studies is provided; other collaborative uses of these data are strongly encouraged. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SPACE & ATMOSPHER SCI GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00009 ER PT S AU Gary, SP Moldwin, MB Thomsen, MF Winske, D McComas, DJ AF Gary, SP Moldwin, MB Thomsen, MF Winske, D McComas, DJ BE Reeves, GD TI Hot proton anisotropies and cool proton heating in the outer magnetosphere SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB The plasma sheet and ring current ions of the outer magnetosphere typically exhibit an anisotropy such that the perpendicular temperature is greater than the temperature. If such an anisotropy is sufficiently large, the electromagnetic proton cyclotron instability will be excited. This instability is studied using linear Vlasov theory and one-dimensional hybrid simulations for a homogeneous plasma model representative of conditions in the outer magnetosphere. The model includes a hot anisotropic proton component and a cool. initially isotropic proton component. Theory and simulations both predict that there is a threshold hot proton anisotropy for this instability which depends inversely on the parallel beta of the hot component. The simulations are also used to study the response of the cool protons to the proton cyclotron instability; the late-time temperature of the cool protons is found to increase as the relative hot proton density increases. Analysis of plasma observations from geosynchronous orbit finds that the hot ion anisotropy is indeed bounded by the predicted beta-dependent threshold. RP Gary, SP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011 OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00012 ER PT S AU Ingraham, JC Cayton, TE Belian, RD Christensen, RA Guyker, F Meier, MM Reeves, GD Brautigam, DH Gussenhoven, MS Robinson, RM AF Ingraham, JC Cayton, TE Belian, RD Christensen, RA Guyker, F Meier, MM Reeves, GD Brautigam, DH Gussenhoven, MS Robinson, RM BE Reeves, GD TI Multi-satellite characterization of the large energetic electron flux increase at L=4-7, in the five-day period following the March 24, 1991, solar energetic particle event SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB Following the giant magnetic storm that started on March 24, 1991, and the immediately-preceding solar energetic particle (SEP) event, a dramatic increase in the flux of energetic electrons was observed to occur on several satellites (using Los Alamos instruments aboard two geosynchronous satellites and two GPS satellites, plus energetic electron data from the CRRES satellite) sampling the L=4-7 region of the magnetosphere. We find that: this flux buildup at the larger L-values (L=6-7) first appears near the magnetic equator and subsequently spreads to higher magnetic latitudes; the flux buildup near the magnetic equator peaks first at the higher L before it peaks at the lower L; analysis of the angular distribution of energetic electrons at geosynchronous orbit shows that the flux buildup begins first with the buildup of energetic electrons (>300 keV) moving perpendicular to the magnetic field. RP Ingraham, JC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D436,NIS-2,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00016 ER PT S AU RousselDupre, D Bloch, J AF RousselDupre, D Bloch, J BE Reeves, GD TI The anomalous background observed by the ALEXIS telescopes SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB The ALEXIS satellite, launched 25 April, 1993 by the Pegasus Air Launched Vehicle, is in a 750 x 850 km, 70 degree inclination orbit. The six on board telescopes tuned between 66-93 eV were designed to eliminate the geocoronal background either with the He II 304 Angstrom anti-reflection coating on the mirror or fibers in front of the detector. Before launch the telescopes were assumed to be continuously operated with re estimated background counting rate of 10-30 c/s. At first light, it was these assumptions that were proven to be incorrect. This paper presents the results of the study of the anomalous background observed by the ALEXIS telescopes. RP RousselDupre, D (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00029 ER PT S AU Meier, MM Belian, RD Cayton, TE Christensen, RA Garcia, B Grace, KM Ingraham, JC Laros, JG Reeves, GD AF Meier, MM Belian, RD Cayton, TE Christensen, RA Garcia, B Grace, KM Ingraham, JC Laros, JG Reeves, GD BE Reeves, GD TI The energy spectrometer for particles (ESP): Instrument description and orbital performance SO WORKSHOP ON THE EARTH'S TRAPPED PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Earths Trapped Particle Environment CY AUG 15-19, 1994 CL TAOS, NM SP Amer Inst Phys, NASA, Off Space Sci & Applicat, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys AB ESP detector is functionally described, along with the pertinent orbital and spin properties of the spacecraft that supports it. The phoswiched plastic/BGO scintillators sensor design, electronic implementation, and resulting data types are recounted, and the ground calibration procedures are reported. Several illustrative examples of data are given, including the solar proton event of 29 September 1989, and the nearly periodic episodes of high relativistic electron flux that are associated with solar coronal holes which have been a dominant feature of the space weather over the past few years RP Meier, MM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-540-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 383 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG72H UT WOS:A1996BG72H00030 ER PT S AU Schriesheim, A AF Schriesheim, A BE Repond, J TI Welcome to the workshop on the Tau/charm factory SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00001 ER PT S AU Tsai, YS AF Tsai, YS BE Repond, J TI Test of T and CP violation in leptonic decay of tau+/- SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 104 EP 112 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00008 ER PT S AU Tsai, YS AF Tsai, YS BE Repond, J TI Addendum to the test of CP violation in Tau decay SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00009 ER PT S AU Teng, LC Crosbie, EA Norem, J Repond, J AF Teng, LC Crosbie, EA Norem, J Repond, J BE Repond, J TI Argonne Tau-charm factory collider design study SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 160 EP 171 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00013 ER PT S AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, MS BE Repond, J TI B factory collider designs and future plans? SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 172 EP 195 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00014 ER PT S AU Swartz, ML AF Swartz, ML BE Repond, J TI Electroweak radiative corrections and measurements of R(had) SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 270 EP 284 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00021 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Repond, J TI Theoretical predictions for exotic hadrons SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,COMPUTAT & THEORET PHYS GRP,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 285 EP 306 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00022 ER PT S AU Burdman, G AF Burdman, G BE Repond, J TI Potential for discoveries in charm meson physics SO WORKSHOP ON THE TAU/CHARM FACTORY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Tau/Charm Factory CY JUN 21-23, 1995 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL SP Inst High Energy Phys Beijing, Argonne Natl Lab HO ARGONNE NATL LAB C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RI Burdman, Gustavo/D-3285-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-523-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 349 BP 409 EP 424 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE81H UT WOS:A1996BE81H00029 ER PT S AU Mantsch, PM AF Mantsch, PM BE DOlivo, JC Fernandez, A Perez, MA TI The Pierre Auger project SO WORKSHOPS ON PARTICLES AND FIELDS AND PHENOMENOLOGY OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Particles and Fields / 5th Latin-American Workshop on Phenomenology of the Fundamental Interactions CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995 CL PUEBLA, MEXICO SP Mexican Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields, Latin Amer Network Phenomenol Fundamental Interact C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-548-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 359 BP 370 EP 382 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG55P UT WOS:A1996BG55P00013 ER PT S AU Gutierrez, G Lucio, JL Moreno, G AF Gutierrez, G Lucio, JL Moreno, G BE DOlivo, JC Fernandez, A Perez, MA TI A critical view to the determination of the mass and width of the f(0)(980) SO WORKSHOPS ON PARTICLES AND FIELDS AND PHENOMENOLOGY OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Particles and Fields / 5th Latin-American Workshop on Phenomenology of the Fundamental Interactions CY OCT 30-NOV 03, 1995 CL PUEBLA, MEXICO SP Mexican Phys Soc, Div Particles & Fields, Latin Amer Network Phenomenol Fundamental Interact C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-548-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1996 IS 359 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG55P UT WOS:A1996BG55P00029 ER PT S AU Hart, M AF Hart, M BE Authier, A Lagomarsino, S Tanner, BK TI X-ray optical beamline design principles SO X-RAY AND NEUTRON DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction - Theory and Applications CY APR 09-22, 1996 CL EIRCE, ITALY SP NATO RP Hart, M (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45501-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1996 VL 357 BP 73 EP 90 PG 18 WC Crystallography; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Crystallography; Physics GA BH02V UT WOS:A1996BH02V00005 ER PT S AU Patel, JR AF Patel, JR BE Authier, A Lagomarsino, S Tanner, BK TI X-ray standing waves SO X-RAY AND NEUTRON DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction - Theory and Applications CY APR 09-22, 1996 CL EIRCE, ITALY SP NATO RP Patel, JR (reprint author), STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45501-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1996 VL 357 BP 211 EP 224 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Crystallography; Physics GA BH02V UT WOS:A1996BH02V00014 ER PT S AU Patel, JR Fontes, E AF Patel, JR Fontes, E BE Authier, A Lagomarsino, S Tanner, BK TI X ray standing waves: Thermal vibration amplitudes at surfaces SO X-RAY AND NEUTRON DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on X-Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction - Theory and Applications CY APR 09-22, 1996 CL EIRCE, ITALY SP NATO RP Patel, JR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,SSRL,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45501-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1996 VL 357 BP 235 EP 247 PG 13 WC Crystallography; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Crystallography; Physics GA BH02V UT WOS:A1996BH02V00016 ER PT S AU Key, MH Barbee, TW Blyth, JW Burnett, K Cairns, GF Dangor, AE Ditmire, T Djaoui, A DaSilva, LB Demir, A Dyson, A Fews, AP Fill, EE Gibbon, P Lee, P Healy, S Holden, M Kalantar, DH Kim, NS Lewis, CLS Li, Y Lin, J Loukakos, P McPhee, AG Mercer, I Moustaizis, S Nakai, M Neely, D Norreys, P Offenberger, AA Pert, GJ Preston, SG Remmington, BA Sanpera, A Schlogl, D Smith, CG Smith, R Steingruber, J Tallents, GJ Walsh, F Wark, JS Warwick, J Wolfrum, E Zepf, M Zhang, J AF Key, MH Barbee, TW Blyth, JW Burnett, K Cairns, GF Dangor, AE Ditmire, T Djaoui, A DaSilva, LB Demir, A Dyson, A Fews, AP Fill, EE Gibbon, P Lee, P Healy, S Holden, M Kalantar, DH Kim, NS Lewis, CLS Li, Y Lin, J Loukakos, P McPhee, AG Mercer, I Moustaizis, S Nakai, M Neely, D Norreys, P Offenberger, AA Pert, GJ Preston, SG Remmington, BA Sanpera, A Schlogl, D Smith, CG Smith, R Steingruber, J Tallents, GJ Walsh, F Wark, JS Warwick, J Wolfrum, E Zepf, M Zhang, J BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Development and application of ultra-bright laser and harmonic XUV sources SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID X-RAY LASER; AMPLIFICATION; IONIZATION; RADIATION AB Experimental work with high intensity lasers at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has led to the production of both XUV laser and XUV harmonic sources with extreme brightness. In particular an efficient XUV laser source has been developed based on collisionally excited neon -like Ge XXIII(J=0-1) at 19.6 nm using the high power glass laser Vulcan generating 75 ps pulses. With Vulcan operating in sub -ps CPA mode, extremely powerful and short wavelength XUV high harmonic sources have been obtained by irradiation of solid targets and recombinant laser action with high gain has been demonstrated with fibre targets. An ultra-bright Krypton-fluoride laser system, Sprite(recently upgraded to a new configuration Titania) has produced the shortest harmonic wavelength (6.7 nm) and has been used to assess the possibilities of optical field ionised recombinant laser action with gas jet targets. The Ge XUV laser has been successfully applied in fusion research for radiographic measurements of the effect of laser speckle on the hydrodynamic stability of laser accelerated thin foils. The present status of the work, the comparative performance of the XUV laser and harmonic sources and near-term future directions are reviewed. C1 UNIV OXFORD, DEPT PHYS, OXFORD OX1 3PU, ENGLAND. QUEENS UNIV BELFAST, DEPT PURE & APPL PHYS, BELFAST BT7 1NN, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND. UNIV ESSEX, DEPT PHYS, COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ, ESSEX, ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED, BLACKETT LAB, LONDON SW7 2BZ, ENGLAND. UNIV BRISTOL, HH WILLS PHYS LAB, BRISTOL BS8 1TL, AVON, ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. MAX PLANCK INST QUANTUM OPT, D-85740 GARCHING, GERMANY. UNIV JENA, MAX PLANCK GESELL, RES UNIT XRAY OPT, D-6900 JENA, GERMANY. UNIV CRETE, ESL, FORTH, GR-71110 IRAKLION, CRETE, GREECE. UNIV PARIS 11, F-91405 ORSAY, FRANCE. OSAKA UNIV, INST LASER ENGN, OSAKA, JAPAN. UNIV EDMONTON, EDMONTON, AB, CANADA. YORK UNIV, DEPT PHYS, HESLINGTON, YORKS, ENGLAND. RP Key, MH (reprint author), RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, CHILTON OX1 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. RI Lee, Paul/A-8749-2008; Loukakos, Panagiotis/A-8642-2014; Zepf, Matt/M-1232-2014; Gibbon, Paul/C-8811-2015; Sanpera, Anna/L-3174-2014; Nakai, Mitsuo/I-6758-2015 OI Lee, Paul/0000-0002-6385-4420; Gibbon, Paul/0000-0002-5540-9626; Nakai, Mitsuo/0000-0001-6076-756X NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00002 ER PT S AU Matthews, DL AF Matthews, DL BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Possibility of short wavelength X-ray lasers and their applications SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB AB I will report on the likelihood, methods for making and some applications of short wavelength x-ray lasers. The recipe for making robust <4.4 nm x-ray lasers is not clear. Currently, n=3p to n=3s, Ne-like and n=4d to n=4p, Ni-like collisional excitation lasers are capable of reaching down to 3.5 nm, with x-ray laser output power dropping precipitously at the shorter wavelengths and only when using large pump lasers operating at high irradiance. In any case, scaling below similar to 2 nm is simply not possible using these systems. Scaling to shorter wavelengths using other collisionally pumped transitions (e.g., n=4 to 3 in nickel-like ions) may be possible but no demonstrations have been observed. Pumping H-like or He-like recombination schemes is also a possibility but no conclusive evidence exists for short wavelength lasing when using 3-body recombination as the pump modality. This brings us to the possibility of using ultrashort pulse lasers for creating the inversion using either multiphoton ionization followed by recombination or by fast x-ray photoionization. In my opinion, the best route to short wavelengths is to use < 50 fsec, 100 TW pump lasers which efficiently convert to broad-band x-rays. Successful implementation of the short pulse x-ray pumping should lead to < 1 nm or even shorter wavelength laser schemes. I will elaborate on the status of efforts at achieving these pump conditions and what x-ray laser schemes can be pumped. Concerning applications, the short wavelength xray laser continues to be the ''holy grail'' of a source. Biological imaging will benefit greatly from <100 fsec duration x-ray laser at wavelengths from 2.4 to 4.4 nm. Even shorter wavelengths could be useful for semiconductor device imaging, studies of non-linear x-ray phenomena, as well as applications to solid state physics and atomic physics. RP Matthews, DL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, L-399, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00005 ER PT S AU Daido, H Ninomiya, S Imani, T Kodama, R Murai, K Kato, Y Koike, F Nilsen, J AF Daido, H Ninomiya, S Imani, T Kodama, R Murai, K Kato, Y Koike, F Nilsen, J BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Wide spectral range soft x-ray lasing with Ni-like ions SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID LASER; NM AB We present a review of the recent Ni-like soft x-ray laser experiments performed at the Institute of Laser Engineering by the multiple pulse pumping scheme with curved slab targets. We have demonstrated amplification in the Ni-like ions of Ag(Z=47), Te(Z=52), La(Z=57), Ce(Z=58), Pr(Z=59), Nd(Z=60), Sm(Z=62), Gd(Z=64), Tb(Z=65) and Dy(Z=66) at the wavelengths of 6-14 nm where Z is the atomic number. A gain coefficient of 3 cm(-1) and a gain-length product of & have been observed at 7.9 Mn with Nd with a pumping laser energy of 250 J on a 2.5 cm length target. The estimated output energies of these x-ray lasers are a few mu J, We describe the direction for optimizing the pumping conditions based on the modeling analysis. A properly configured preformed plasma should he pumped by non-thermal electrons driven by an intense short laser pulse. We also report evidence for the induced emission from various high Z elements up to Ta (Z=73). The measured wavelengths are precisely compared with those calculated with the relativistic atomic physics code which will contribute to the atomic physics of highly ionized high atomic number ions. C1 OSAKA NATL RES INST, DEPT PHYS MAT, OSAKA, JAPAN. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Daido, H (reprint author), OSAKA UNIV, INST LASER ENGN, SUITA, OSAKA 565, JAPAN. RI Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00006 ER PT S AU Zhang, J Warwick, PJ Wolfrum, E Key, MH Danson, C Demir, A Healy, S Kalantar, D Kim, NS Lewis, CLS Lin, J MacPhee, A Neely, D Nilsen, J Pert, GJ Smith, R Tallents, GJ Wark, JS AF Zhang, J Warwick, PJ Wolfrum, E Key, MH Danson, C Demir, A Healy, S Kalantar, D Kim, NS Lewis, CLS Lin, J MacPhee, A Neely, D Nilsen, J Pert, GJ Smith, R Tallents, GJ Wark, JS BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Characterisation of a saturated single frequency Ne-like Ge XUV laser on the J=0->1 transition at 19.6 nm SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID X-RAY LASER AB We report on measurements of a saturated single frequency Ne-like Ge XUV laser on the J = 0->1 transition at 19.6 nm from a refraction compensating double target driven by 150 J of energy from 75 ps Nd-laser pulses. The 19.6 nm line completely dominated the laser output. The output energy was measured to be 0.9 mJ, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 6x10(-6). C1 QUEENS UNIV BELFAST, DEPT PURE & APPL PHYS, BELFAST BT7 1NN, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, CENT LASER FACIL, CHILTON OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. UNIV ESSEX, DEPT PHYS, COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ, ESSEX, ENGLAND. UNIV YORK, DEPT COMPUTAT PHYS, YORK YO1 5DD, N YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD, CLARENDON LAB, DEPT PHYS, OXFORD OX1 3PU, ENGLAND. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00010 ER PT S AU Fiedorowicz, H Bartnik, A Kostecki, J Szczurek, M Fill, E Li, Y Lu, P Pretzler, G Nilsen, J AF Fiedorowicz, H Bartnik, A Kostecki, J Szczurek, M Fill, E Li, Y Lu, P Pretzler, G Nilsen, J BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Laser-irradiated gas puff targets and x-ray lasing with neon-like argon and nickel-like xenon ions SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID CONFINED PLASMA-COLUMN; POPULATION-INVERSION; PREPULSE TECHNIQUE; UNDERDENSE PLASMA; AMPLIFICATION; EMISSION; PULSES AB This paper presents investigations on x-ray lasers with the use of laser-irradiated gas puff targets. The gas puff targets were created by pulsed injection of gas from a high-pressure solenoid valve through a nozzle in a form of a long slit. The hot plasma column to be used as an x-ray laser active medium was produced by irradiating the gas puff target with a high-power laser beam focused to a line. The x-ray laser experiments were performed at Garching using the Asterix IV high-power iodine laser. X-ray lasing with neon-like argon and nickellike xenon ions were observed for the first time. C1 MAX PLANCK INST QUANTUM OPT, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Fiedorowicz, H (reprint author), MIL UNIV TECHNOL, INST OPTOELECT, 2 KALISKIEGO ST, PL-01489 WARSAW, POLAND. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 76 EP 83 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00015 ER PT S AU Eder, DC Decker, CD London, RA Moon, SJ AF Eder, DC Decker, CD London, RA Moon, SJ BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI The optical-field and inner-shell ionization schemes for x-ray lasing SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Review CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID FEMTOSECOND-PULSE-DRIVEN; LASER SCHEMES; PLASMA; RECOMBINATION; INTENSITY; GASES AB We review two approaches to x-ray lasing using ultra-short pulse (USP) driving lasers in which ionization of the lasant is not via electron collisions. In one approach, the large electric field of the laser beam ionizes a column of plasma along the laser axis. Both linear polarization, with subsequent recombination lasing, and circular polarization, with collisional excitation lasing, can be used. For either type of polarization, ionization induced refraction can limit the lasing length. We review recent experiments and theoretical calculations on ionization induced refraction and on the electron distribution following field ionization. Lasing has been observed with both types of pumping with the collisional variation having the largest gain-length product and the recombination variation having the shortest wavelength. We discuss various ideas to improve the gain coefficient of field ionized x-ray lasers. Another two-step approach to x-ray lasing with USP lasers involves the x-ray photoionization of inner-shell electrons. The first step is to produce a pulse of incoherent x rays with a very rapid rise time by heating a high-Z material with an USP laser. In the second step, a low energy filter removes x rays that can only ionize outer-shell electrons and the remaining x rays primarily ionize inner-shell electrons. This approach has not been demonstrated at x-ray wavelengths but modeling shows that lasing at 45 Angstrom is possible with existing USP lasers and that lasing down to 15 Angstrom should be possible with planned USP laser drivers. RP Eder, DC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00029 ER PT S AU Moon, SJ Eder, DC AF Moon, SJ Eder, DC BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Target considerations for inner-shell photo-ionized x-ray lasing SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID INTENSITY AB We present target design for the inner-shell photo-ionization (ISPI) x-ray laser scheme and discuss the requirements for the ionizing x-ray source in rise time and flux. An investigation of the rapid rise time of x-ray emission from targets heated by an ultra-short pulse (USP) high-intensity optical laser was conducted for use as the x-ray source for ISPI x-ray lasing. Modeling using the hydrodynamic/atomic kinetics code LASNEX of a 45 fs USP driving laser with energy of order 1 J incident on a structured Au target composed of vertical rods with diameter of 500 Angstrom predicts sufficient x rays to produce a gain-length product of order 10 in C at 45 Angstrom. Collisional ionization to the lower lasing level limits the duration of lasing giving a x-ray laser pulse duration of order 60 fs FWHM. Results of x-ray rise times from instantaneously heated Au rod targets show little benefit in using optical pulse widths less than 15 fs. Our calculations for a constant energy source varying the pulse width show significant increased gain for decreasing pulse widths down to approximately 15 fs. However, for a constant intensity source we see a decrease in gain for shorter pulse widths. RP Moon, SJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 143 EP 145 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00030 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J AF Nilsen, J BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Self photo-pumped neon-like and nickel-like X-ray lasers SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB AB A new X-ray laser mechanism is presented which uses radiation trapping of the strongest 3d --> 2p neon-like resonance line in an optically thick plasma to create an intense radiation field which radiatively drives population from the neon-like ground state to the 3d state, which then lases to a pair of 3p states. Collisional mixing of the 3p states with nearby 3s and 3d states depopulates the lower laser states. Modeling is presented for this mechanism in neon-like argon. Strong gain is predicted on the two 3d --> 3p transitions at 45.1 MI and 46.5 nm, the first of which has been observed in recent X-ray laser experiments using an argon gas puff. The 3d --> 3p line has also been observed at 60 and 30 nm, respectively, in X-ray laser experiments recently done on sulfur targets using the prepulse technique and on titanium targets driven by a nsec pulse followed by a psec pulse. This pumping mechanism also enhances the gain of the two 3p --> 3s, J = 0 --> 1 transitions which are at 43.1 and 46.9 nm in argon. This generic scheme can also work in other ionization stages. In nickel-like ions, the analogous process of lasing on the 4f --> 4d transitions due to photo-pumping by the strong 4f --> 3d lines will be discussed. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, L-15, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00035 ER PT S AU Shlyaptsev, VN Rocca, JJ Nickles, PV Kalashnikov, MP AF Shlyaptsev, VN Rocca, JJ Nickles, PV Kalashnikov, MP BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Theoretical aspects of efficient downsized X-ray lasers SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID XUV LASER; HIGH-GAIN; DRIVEN AB In this paper we report the results of the numerical analysis of two different efficient schemes of compact X-ray lasers recently realized experimentally. 1. Capillary Discharge: a) Modeling confirmed that the experiments reported in the Proceedings have achieved the saturation limit in the J=0-1 line of Ne-like Ar capillary discharge soft X-ray amplifier [1]. b) A new technique to govern the characteristics of discharge-pumped soft X-ray lasers, the use of external magnetic field is analyzed. The physics of discharge in an external magnetic field responsible for improved beam quality and enhanced intensity is explained. At high magnetic field Zeeman effect was found to affect line broadening and laser action. c) The importance of wail effects and mechanisms of wall evaporation by radiation and heat conduction was analyzed. d) The contribution of transient kinetics effects is found to be noticeable in capillary discharge. e) Comparison with experiment showed agreement in the dynamics of plasma, X-ray laser emission and spontaneous radiation behavior. 2. Laser Plasma: a) It has been shown that the strong enhancement of the gain on 32.6nm 3p-3s transition is caused by transient effects in Ne-like Ti obtained in the laser produced plasma with picosecond pulse irradiation b) The transient nature of inversion on the 3d-3p transition is found c) Computations show that surface modifications under multiple shots at the same target place cause an enhancement of X-ray generation due to an increase of the density, effective plasma depth and a decrease of refraction. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. MAX BORN INST, BERLIN, GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. RP Shlyaptsev, VN (reprint author), PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, LENINSKY PROSPECT 53, MOSCOW 117924, RUSSIA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00046 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J Moreno, JC DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW Li, YL Lu, PX Fill, EE AF Nilsen, J Moreno, JC DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW Li, YL Lu, PX Fill, EE BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Progress in understanding the prepulse and multiple pulse techniques SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID LASER AB Over the last several years the use of the prepulse technique has gained wide spread acceptance and opened the door for producing X-ray lasing in low-Z neon-like ions. We present germanium experiments which compare the relative merits of using the prepulse technique to compensate for refraction as compared with the use of curved targets. With the multiple pulse technique, which uses a series of 100 ps pulses 400 ps apart to illuminate germanium targets, we present results which show the 3p --> 3s, J = 0 --> 1 transition at 196 Angstrom to completely dominate the other laser lines. Time resolved data shows the usual pair of J = 2 --> 1 lines at 232 and 236 Angstrom to lase after the J = 0 --> 1 line. Using these short pulses together with a traveling wave geometry we are able to produce bright, short X-ray pulses which can be used in imaging experiments. Using the multiple pulse technique we also demonstrate lasing at 79 Angstrom in nickel-like neodymium. To understand these plasmas, we present the first high-magnification, two-dimensional, spatially-resolved, near-field images of the laser output for the multiple-pulse driven germanium plasma. LASNEX hydrodynamic results are combined with XRASER kinetics and radiation transport calculations to model these plasmas. Those results are input to a refraction code to predict the spatial and angular output of the laser. We present a comparison of the experimental results with the simulations. C1 MAX PLANCK INST QUANTUM OPT, GARCHING, GERMANY. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 240 EP 246 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00051 ER PT S AU Li, YL Pretzler, G Lu, PX Nilsen, J Fill, EE AF Li, YL Pretzler, G Lu, PX Nilsen, J Fill, EE BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Ne- and Ni-like x-ray lasers using the prepulse technique SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB AB Recent studies of lasing in Ne- and Ni-like ions on the Asterix IV iodine laser are reviewed. Experimental evidence shows the importance of the beam refraction in governing the J = 0 - 1 versus J = 2 - 1 anomaly in Ne-like ion lasers as well as the lack of observing of lasing in low-Z elements. Using the prepulse technique, lasing on the J = 0 - 1, 3p - 3s transition in Ne-like Mn, V, Sc, Ca, K, Cl, S, and Si was demonstrated. The drive energy for S was scaled down to 20 J. Combining a prepulse with the use of a curved target, a 12 nm laser in Ni-like Sn was demonstrated. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST QUANTUM OPT, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00054 ER PT S AU Muendel, MH Fleury, M Chatterji, SK Demiris, T Gauthier, JC Hagelstein, PL AF Muendel, MH Fleury, M Chatterji, SK Demiris, T Gauthier, JC Hagelstein, PL BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Long plasma columns produced in gas by axicon focusing of a table-top laser SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB AB We explore new ways to achieve high efficiency laser-driven XUV laser schemes with a Joule level picosecond table-top driving laser. One attractive possibility is the formation of long plasma columns in gas by refocusing and reusing the pump beam. We present the design and experimental studies of a novel optic capable of repeated, high intensity refocusing of the pump beam. C1 ECOLE POLYTECH, LULI, PALAISEAU, FRANCE. MIT, RLE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. LLNL, LIVERMORE, CA USA. RP Muendel, MH (reprint author), POLAROID CORP, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00062 ER PT S AU Larsson, J Judd, E Falcone, RW Asfaw, A Lee, RW Heimann, PA Padmore, HA Wark, J AF Larsson, J Judd, E Falcone, RW Asfaw, A Lee, RW Heimann, PA Padmore, HA Wark, J BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Time-resolved X-ray diffraction from laser-heated crystals SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB AB We present first results in an ongoing investigation aimed at observing xray radiation from a synchrotron with sub-ps time-resolution. We aim to implement a switch based on ultra-short pulse laser heating of diffraction crystals. In these first experiments performed with a q-switched Nd:YAG laser, the temporal resolution of the experiment is 15 ns limited by the response time of our detector. We find a change in diffracted intensity, due to thermal expansion of the crystal over an x-ray absorption depth. The reduction in diffracted intensity is limited by the laser fluence to about 15%. We also show theoretical results based on the solution of the time-resolved dynamic diffraction equations for the case of x-ray diffraction from a crystal heated with a sub-ps laser pulse. Results for both Si and InP are discussed, and we propose InP as a good crystal for future experiments. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA USA. UNIV OXFORD, CLARENDON LAB, OXFORD OX1 3PU, ENGLAND. RP Larsson, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, 366 LECONTE HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 367 EP 371 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00082 ER PT S AU Moreno, JC Nilsen, J Li, Y Lu, P Fill, EE AF Moreno, JC Nilsen, J Li, Y Lu, P Fill, EE BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI High resolution two-dimensional near field images of neon-like soft x-ray lasers SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID PREPULSE TECHNIQUE AB We discuss high resolution two-dimensional near-field images of the neon-like nickel and germanium x-ray laser. The Asterix iodine laser, using a prepulse 5.23 ns before the main pulse, was used to irradiate slab targets. Our imaging diagnostic consisted of a concave multilayer mirror that imaged the x-ray laser line (with a magnification of ten) onto a backside illuminated x-ray CCD detector. A great deal of structure was observed in the near field images, particularly in the J=0-1 emission. We observed a large difference in the spatial dependence of the J=0-1 and J=2-1 lines of germanium, with the J=2-1 emission peaking farther away from the original target surface. The prepulse level was varied and observed to have a significant effect on the spatial dependence of the germanium and nickel laser lines. A larger prepulse moved the peak emission farther away from the target surface. These measurements are generally consistent with hydrodynamic simulations coupled with atomic kinetics. C1 MAX PLANCK INST QUANTUM OPT, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMANY. RP Moreno, JC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 430 EP 432 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00097 ER PT S AU DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW Cauble, R Celliers, P Decker, CD Kalantar, DH Key, MH London, RA Moreno, JC Trebes, JE Wan, AS Weber, F AF DaSilva, LB Barbee, TW Cauble, R Celliers, P Decker, CD Kalantar, DH Key, MH London, RA Moreno, JC Trebes, JE Wan, AS Weber, F BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Application of soft x-ray lasers for probing high density plasmas SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID PREPULSE TECHNIQUE; FILAMENTATION; RADIOGRAPHY; LINE AB The reliability and characteristics of collisionally pumped soft x-ray lasers make them ideal for a wide variety of plasma diagnostics. These systems now operate over a wavelength range extending from 35 to 400 Angstrom and have output energies as high as 10 mJ in 150 ps pulses. The beam divergence of these lasers is less than 15 mrad and they have a typical linewidth of Delta lambda/lambda similar to 10(-4) making them the brightest xuv sources available. In this paper we will describe the use of x-ray lasers to probe high density plasmas using a variety of diagnostic techniques. Using an x-ray laser and a multilayer mirror imaging system we have studied hydrodynamic imprinting of laser speckle pattern on directly driven thin foils with 1-2 mu m spatial resolution. Taking advantage of recently developed multilayer beamsplitters we have constructed and used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer operating at 155 Angstrom to probe 1-3 mm size laser produced plasmas with peak electron densities of 4 x 10(21)cm(-3). A comparison of our results with computer simulations will be presented. RP DaSilva, LB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, L-399, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 496 EP 503 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00112 ER PT S AU Wan, AS Back, CA Barbee, TW Cauble, R Celliers, P DaSilva, LB Decker, C Glenzer, S Moreno, JC London, RA Rambo, PW Stone, GF Trebes, JE Weber, F AF Wan, AS Back, CA Barbee, TW Cauble, R Celliers, P DaSilva, LB Decker, C Glenzer, S Moreno, JC London, RA Rambo, PW Stone, GF Trebes, JE Weber, F BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Application of soft X-ray laser interferometry to study large-scale-length, high-density plasmas SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB ID INTERPENETRATION; TARGET AB We have employed a soft x-ray Mach-Zehnder interferometer, using a Ne-like Y x-ray laser at 155 Angstrom as the probe source, to study large-scale-length, high-density colliding plasmas and exploding foils. The measured density profile of counter-streaming high-density colliding plasmas falls in between the calculated profiles using collisionless and fluid approximations with the radiation hydrodynamic code LASNEX. We have also performed simultaneous measured the local gain and electron density of Y x-ray laser amplifier. Measured gains in the amplifier were found to be between 10 and 20 cm-l, similar to predictions and indicating that refraction is the major cause of signal loss in long line focus lasers. Images showed that high gain was produced in spots with dimensions of similar to 10 mu m, which we believe is caused by intensity variations in the optical drive laser. Measured density variations were smooth on the 10-mu m scale so that temperature variations were likely the cause of the localized gain regions. We are now using the interferometry technique as a mechanism to validate and benchmark our numerical codes used for the design and analysis of high-energy-density physics experiments. RP Wan, AS (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00113 ER PT S AU Warwick, PJ Demir, A Kalantar, DH Key, MH Kim, NS Lewis, CLS Lin, J MacPhee, AG Neely, D Remington, BA Rose, S Smith, R Tallents, GJ Wark, JS Weber, SV Wolfrum, E Zhang, J AF Warwick, PJ Demir, A Kalantar, DH Key, MH Kim, NS Lewis, CLS Lin, J MacPhee, AG Neely, D Remington, BA Rose, S Smith, R Tallents, GJ Wark, JS Weber, SV Wolfrum, E Zhang, J BE Svanberg, S Wahlstrom, CG TI Radiography measurements of direct drive imprint in thin Al foils using a bright XUV laser SO X-RAY LASERS 1996 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on X-ray Lasers CY JUN 10-14, 1996 CL LUND, SWEDEN SP European Phys Soc, Quantum Electr & Opt Div, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Inst Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, European Community, D6XII, Lund Inst Technol, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, B M Ind, Cohrent Inc Gamma Optronik AB, Continuum, Spectra Phys Permanova AB AB A saturated XUV laser operating on the J=0-1, 19.6nm transition of Ne-like Germanium provided an excellent source to provide in-line backlighting for 2D imaged radiography. The imprint of a direct drive laser beam and subsequent Rayleigh-Taylor growth of perturbations in a 2 mu m thick Al foil, irradiated with 0.53 mu m laser light at 2-8x10(12) W/cm(2), was investigated. Measurements are presented for the modulation Slue to random phase plate static speckle, SSD smoothed and ISI smoothed speckle. In addition we present a study of single mode optical imprint generated by the interference pattern of a double rectangular aperture. C1 RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, CHILTON, ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. UNIV ESSEX, COLCHESTER CO4 3SQ, ESSEX, ENGLAND. UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND. RP Warwick, PJ (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV BELFAST, BELFAST, ANTRIM, NORTH IRELAND. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0406-5 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1996 IS 151 BP 509 EP 511 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BH42G UT WOS:A1996BH42G00114 ER PT B AU Graham, AL Mammoli, AA Abbott, JR Bush, MB AF Graham, AL Mammoli, AA Abbott, JR Bush, MB BE AitKadi, A Dealy, JM James, DF Williams, MC TI The evolution of torques and pressure drops in startup flows due to demixing of suspensions SO XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Congress on Rheology CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL QIUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID INDUCED PARTICLE MIGRATION C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Graham, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV LAVAL, DEPT MECH ENGN PI QUEBEC CITY PA CITE UNIVERSITAIRE, QUEBEC CITY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA BN 2-9805109-0-4 PY 1996 BP 487 EP 487 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Mechanics; Polymer Science GA BQ83V UT WOS:000089787000278 ER PT B AU Kraynik, AM Reinelt, DA AF Kraynik, AM Reinelt, DA BE AitKadi, A Dealy, JM James, DF Williams, MC TI The microrheology of wet foams SO XIITH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIth International Congress on Rheology CY AUG 18-23, 1996 CL QIUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID HIGHLY CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kraynik, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV LAVAL, DEPT MECH ENGN PI QUEBEC CITY PA CITE UNIVERSITAIRE, QUEBEC CITY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA BN 2-9805109-0-4 PY 1996 BP 625 EP 626 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Mechanics; Polymer Science GA BQ83V UT WOS:000089787000354 ER PT J AU Bouaricha, A More, JJ AF Bouaricha, A More, JJ TI Environments for large-scale optimization SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 95) CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB We have developed an environment for solving large-scale optimization problems in which the user is required to provide code only for the evaluation of a partially separable function. The development of this environment is important because it eliminates the need to provide the gradient and sparsity pattern; in all other approaches the user is required to provide the gradient. In the current environment, the ADIFOR (Automatic Differentiation in Fortran) tool is used to compute the gradient of the function; a limited-memory variable-metric method is used to solve the optimization problem. RP Bouaricha, A (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 3 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VR475 UT WOS:A1996VR47500011 ER PT J AU Knoll, DA McHugh, PR Keyes, DE AF Knoll, DA McHugh, PR Keyes, DE TI Domain decomposition methods applied to a system of convection-diffusion-reaction equations SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 95) CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech ID ITERATIVE SOLUTION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MATRIX AB Obtaining efficient and robust solutions to realistic fluid flow problems with chemical reactions is a challenging computational task. This is due to the potential wide disparity in lime and space scales and the severe nonlinearities. However, there is significant industrial application for such a capability in areas such as energy production, propulsion, and materials processing. These applications are often characterized by regions of low Mach number flow. This study investigates Newton-Krylov algorithms with domain-based preconditioning for the solution of these types of problems. Domain-based preconditioners may offer improvements in robustness and parallelism over more standard ILU type preconditioners. Results are presented comparing additive and multiplicative Schwarz preconditioners to more standard global ILU preconditioners on a low Mach number combustion problem. C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,ICASE,HAMPTON,VA 23681. OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,NORFOLK,VA 23529. RP Knoll, DA (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 1 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VG254 UT WOS:A1996VG25400061 ER PT J AU Bischof, CH Griewank, A AF Bischof, CH Griewank, A TI Tools for the automatic differentiation of computer programs SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 95) CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB Automatic differentiation (AD) is a methodology for developing sensitivity-enhanced versions of arbitrary computer programs. In this paper, we provide some background information on AD and basic implementation issues for the design of general purpose tools that can deal with codes from the Fortran and C family, address some frequently asked questions, and provide pointers for further study. C1 TECH UNIV DRESDEN, INST WISSENSCHAFT RECHNEN, D-01062 DRESDEN, GERMANY. RP ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MATH & COMP SCI, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Bischof, Christian/D-2897-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 1 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VG254 UT WOS:A1996VG25400069 ER PT J AU Sobehart, JR Hagan, PS AF Sobehart, JR Hagan, PS TI The high-field semiconductor equations SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics / Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft-fur-Angewandte-Mathematik-und-Mechanik e V (ICIAM/GAMM 95) - Applied Analysis CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB Next generations of VLSI circuits will require semiconductor devices that are extremely fast and small. Designing these new devices will require accurate predictions of carrier transport, which is critical to succesfully predicting their performance. We introduce a modified drift-diffusion model based on an expansion of the semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) for carriers for high build-in fields. RP Sobehart, JR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CIC-3,MS B256,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 2 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VK359 UT WOS:A1996VK35900072 ER PT J AU Woodward, DE Randall, E Sobehart, JR Ueda, T Please, CP Hagan, PS AF Woodward, DE Randall, E Sobehart, JR Ueda, T Please, CP Hagan, PS TI Electron nonlocality in semiconductors SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics / Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft-fur-Angewandte-Mathematik-und-Mechanik e V (ICIAM/GAMM 95) - Applied Analysis CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB The Boltzmann equation is the theoretical foundation for analyzing the behavior of most semiconductor devices. This equation treats electrons as point particles traveling along well-defined, semiclassical trajectories. Electrons are not point particles but are described by wavefunctions which are non-localized to some extent, and the Boltzmann equation can not be used when this non-locality is important. We resolve this impasse by deriving the quantum mechanical corrections to the Boltzmann equation. Among these corrections are dispersion terms which determine how the electron probability density spreads out from the semiclassical trajectories; i.e. which govern electron non-locality. This extends the reach of the Boltzmann, equation to situations where non-locality is important, such as tunneling devices, heterostructures and nano devices. These derived dispersion terms depend only on the band energies of the crystal and on imposed electromagnetic fields. More specifically, we investigate the general problem of electron transport in crystalline solids. We restrict attention to the situation of greatest physical interest, where the imposed electromagnetic fields vary on length scales much larger then the size of a unit cell in the crystal (typically about 5 Angstrom). This enables us to derive quantum mechanical corrections to the Boltzmann equation by using singular perturbation techniques to systematically analyze the Schrodinger equation for electrons in the crystal. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NYU,COURANT INST MATH SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10012. UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT MATH,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,COMP RES & APPLICAT GRP,CIC 3,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Woodward, DE (reprint author), SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT MATH,DALLAS,TX 75275, USA. RI Please, Colin/G-6247-2011; OI Please, Colin/0000-0001-8917-8574 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 2 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VK359 UT WOS:A1996VK35900073 ER PT J AU Fishman, L AF Fishman, L TI An exact, well-posed, one-way reformulation of the Helmholtz equation with application to direct and inverse wave propagation modeling SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics / Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft-fur-Angewandte-Mathematik-und-Mechanik e V (ICIAM/GAMM 95) - Applied Analysis CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech ID OPERATOR AB The elliptic (two-way) Helmholtz equation is exactly reformed in terms of one-way wave equations in a manner which is well-posed for marching. This reformulation has application for large-scale, deterministic, direct propagation modeling and the corresponding layer-stripping inverse algorithms, in addition to providing a foundation for stochastic modeling calculations. RP Fishman, L (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 2 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VK359 UT WOS:A1996VK35900082 ER PT J AU FleckingerPelle, J Kaper, HG AF FleckingerPelle, J Kaper, HG TI Gauges for the Ginzburg-Landau equations of superconductivity SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics / Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft-fur-Angewandte-Mathematik-und-Mechanik e V (ICIAM/GAMM 95) - Applied Analysis CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB This note is concerned with gauge choices for the time-dependent GINZBURG-LANDAU equations of superconductivity. The equations model the state of a superconducting sample in a magnetic field near the critical temperature. Any two solutions related through a ''gauge transformation'' describe the same state and are physically indistinguishable. This ''gauge invariance'' can be exploited for analytical and numerical purposes. A new gauge is proposed, which reduces the equations to a particularly attractive form. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP FleckingerPelle, J (reprint author), UNIV SCI SOCIALES,21 ALLEES DE BRIENNE,F-31000 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 2 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VK359 UT WOS:A1996VK35900088 ER PT J AU Kim, JH AF Kim, JH TI A limit theorem for stochastic initial value problems with multiscales SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM 95) CY JUL 03-07, 1995 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Gesell Angew Math & Mech AB In this paper we deal with stochastic initial valve problems which have three different scales of variations represented by a small parameter. We obtain a limit theorem of KHASMINSKII type on an asymptotically unbounded interval in a framework based on separable Banach spaces and evolution operators. The expectations of random propagators are approximated by a backward propagator solving a final valve problem as the small parameter vanishes. This result can be applied to diffusion effects caused by multiple wave scattering an random media. RP Kim, JH (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,US DEPT ENERGY,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50014, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2267 J9 Z ANGEW MATH MECH JI Z. Angew. Math. Mech. PY 1996 VL 76 SU 3 BP 473 EP 474 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA VR475 UT WOS:A1996VR47500147 ER PT J AU Ray, S Mostafa, G AF Ray, S Mostafa, G TI Studies on some MG(6)center dot LR(6) compounds .1. Mechanism of transition in cobalt fluosilicate hexahydrate SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article DE MG(6).LR(6) compounds; phase transition; low temperature X-ray study ID ORIENTATIONAL PERIODIC ANTIPHASE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; DIFFRACTION AB Variations in the structures of seven fluosilicate hexahydrates of bivalent metals, belonging to the apparently isomorphous series of compounds MG(6) . LR(6), have been summarised. Four of these seven crystals undergo phase transition on lowering the temperature. Of these, the fluosilicate hexahydrates of Mg, Mn and Fe have Laue group (3) over bar m: the corresponding Go-compound is an unique case, with a disordered structure of Laue group (3) over bar, suffering a transition. A geometrical relationship between the three orientations of the monoclinic cell of the twinned low temperature phase and the hexagonal cell of its room temperature structure has been established. The mechanism of transition has been described in terms of rotations, through different angles of the metal-water and fluosilicate octahedra in neighboring columns. Angles of rotations for the different octahedra, that reduce the symmetry from rhombohedral to monoclinic, have been calculated and a rough model of the structure of the low temperature phase has been refined using intensity data measured for a few single spots appearing in the Weissenberg photographs of the twinned crystal at low temperature. The structure thus obtained is found to be similar to that of the lower symmetry phase of magnesium fluosilicate hexahydrate, the higher temperature structure of which is quite different from that of the cobalt compound. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Ray, S (reprint author), INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVAT SCI,DEPT SOLID STATE PHYS,CALCUTTA 700032,W BENGAL,INDIA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 1996 VL 211 IS 6 BP 368 EP 372 DI 10.1524/zkri.1996.211.6.368 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UT885 UT WOS:A1996UT88500002 ER PT J AU Zavalij, PY Whittingham, MS Boylan, EA Pecharsky, VK Jacobson, RA AF Zavalij, PY Whittingham, MS Boylan, EA Pecharsky, VK Jacobson, RA TI Crystal structure of tetramethylammonium tetravanadium decaoxide, N(CH3)(4)V4O10 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Zavalij, PY (reprint author), SUNY BINGHAMTON,MAT RES CTR,BINGHAMTON,NY 13902, USA. RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469 NR 3 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 1996 VL 211 IS 7 BP 464 EP 464 DI 10.1524/zkri.1996.211.7.464 PG 1 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA UX507 UT WOS:A1996UX50700006 ER PT J AU Jensen, WP Gehrke, H Jones, DR Suh, IH Jacobson, RA AF Jensen, WP Gehrke, H Jones, DR Suh, IH Jacobson, RA TI Crystal structure of methylene bis(triphenylphosphonium) tetrachloroferrate(III) dihydrate, (C37H32P2)(FeCl4)(2)center dot 2H(2)O SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article C1 OZARKS TECH COMMUNITY COLL,SPRINGFIELD,MO 65802. CHUNGNAM NATL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TAEJON 305764,SOUTH KOREA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP Jensen, WP (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 1996 VL 211 IS 11 BP 829 EP 830 DI 10.1524/zkri.1996.211.11.829 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA VW384 UT WOS:A1996VW38400023 ER PT J AU Abreu, P Adam, W Adye, T Agasi, E Ajinenko, I Aleksan, R Alekseev, GD Allport, PP Almehed, S Alvsvaag, SJ Amaldi, U Amato, S Andreazza, A Andrieux, ML Antilogus, P Apel, WD Arnoud, Y Asam, B Augustin, JE Augustinus, A Baillon, P Bambade, P BArao, F Barate, R Bardin, DY Barker, GJ Baroncelli, A Barring, O Barrio, JA Bartl, W Bates, MJ Battaglia, M Batyunya, B Baubillier, M Baudot, J Becks, KH Begalli, M Beilliere, P Belokopytov, Y Belous, K Benvenuti, AC Berggren, M Bertrand, D Bianchi, F Bigi, M Bilenky, MS Billoir, P Bloch, D Blume, M Blyth, S Bocci, V Bolognese, T Bonesini, M Bonivento, W Booth, PSL Borisov, G Bosio, C Bosworth, S Botner, O Bouquet, B Bourdarios, C Bowcock, TJV Bozzo, M Branchini, P Brand, KD Brenke, T Brenner, RA Bricman, C Brillault, L Brown, RCA Bruckman, P Brunet, JM Bugge, L Buran, T Burgsmueller, T Buschmann, P Buys, A Caccia, M Calvi, M Rozas, AJC Comporesi, T Canale, V Canepa, M Cankocak, K Cao, F Carena, F Carrilho, P Carroll, L Caso, C Gimenez, MVC Cattai, A Cavallo, FR Cerrito, L Chabaud, V Charpentier, P Chaussard, L Chauveau, J Checchia, P Chelkov, GA CHierici, R Chliapnikov, P Chochula, P Chorowicz, V Cindro, V Collins, P Contreras, JL Contri, R Cortina, E Cosme, G Cossutti, F Crawley, HB Crennell, D Crosetti, G Maestro, JC Czellar, S DahlJensen, E Dahm, J Dalmagne, B Dam, M Damgaard, G Daum, A Dauncey, PD Davenport, M Silva, WD Defoix, C Ricca, GD Delpierre, P Demaria, N DeAngelis, A DeBoeck, H DeBoer, W DeBrabandere, S DeClercq, C DelaVaissiere, C DeLotto, B DeMin, A DePaula, L DeSaintJean, C Dijkstra, H DiCiaccio, L Djama, F Dolbeau, J Donszelmann, M Doroba, K Dracos, M Drees, J Drees, KA Dris, M Dufour, Y Dupont, F Edsall, D Ehret, R Eigen, G Ekelof, T Ekspong, G Elsing, M Engel, JP Ershaidat, N Erzen, B Santo, ME Falk, E Fassouliotis, D Feindt, M Fenyuk, A Ferrer, A Filippas, TA Firestone, A Foeth, H Fokitis, E Fontanelli, F Formenti, F Franek, B Frenkiel, P Fries, DC Frodesen, AG Fruhwirth, R FuldaQuenzer, F Furstenau, H Fuster, J Galloni, A Gamba, D Gandelman, M Garcia, C Garcia, J Gaspar, C Gasparini, U Gavillet, P Gazis, EN Gele, D Gerb, JP Gibbs, M Gillespie, D Gokieli, R Golob, B Gopal, G Gorn, L Gorski, M Gouz, Y Gracco, V Graziani, E Grosdidier, G Gunnarsson, P Gunther, M Guy, J Haedinger, U Hahn, F Hahn, M Hahn, S Hajduk, Z Hallgren, A Hamacher, K Hao, W Harris, FJ Hedberg, V Hernandez, JJ Herquet, P Herr, H Hessing, TL Higon, E Hilke, HJ Hill, TS Holmgren, SO Holt, PJ Holthuizen, D Houlden, M Hrubec, J Huet, K Hultqvist, K Ioannou, P Jackson, JN Jacobsson, R Jalocha, P Janik, R Jarlskog, G Jarry, P JeanMarie, B Johansson, EK Jonsson, L Jonsson, P Joram, C Juillot, P Kaiser, M Kalmus, G Kapusta, F Karlsson, M Karvelas, E Katsanevas, S Katsoufis, EC Keranen, R Khomenko, BA Khovanski, NN King, B Kjaer, NJ Klein, H Klovning, A Kluit, P Koehne, JH Koene, B Kokkinias, P Koratzinos, M Korcyl, K Kostioukhine, V Kourkoumelis, C Kouznetsov, O Kramer, PH Krammer, M Kreuter, C Krolikowski, J Kronkvist, I Krumstein, Z Krupinski, W Kubinec, P Kucewicz, W Kurvinen, K Lacasta, C Laktineh, I Lamblot, S Lamsa, JW Lanceri, L Lane, DW Langefeld, P Lapin, V Last, I Laugier, JP Lauhakangas, R Leder, G Ledroit, F Lefebure, V Legan, CK Leitner, R Lemoigne, Y Lemonne, J Lenzen, G Lepeltier, V Lesiak, T Liko, D Lindner, R Lipniacka, A Lippi, I Loerstad, B Lokajicek, M Loken, JG Lopez, JM LopezFernandez, A Aguera, MAL Loukas, D Lutz, P Lyons, L MacNaughton, J Maehlum, G Maio, A Malychev, V Mandl, F Marco, J Marechal, B Margoni, M Marin, JC Mariotti, C Markou, A Maron, T MartinezRivero, C MartinezVidal, F Garcia, SM Matorras, F Matteuzzi, C Matthiae, G Mazzucato, M McCubbin, M McKay, R McNulty, R Medbo, J Meroni, C Meyer, WT Miagkov, A Michelotto, M Migliore, E Mirabito, L Mjoernmark, U Moa, T Moeller, R Moenig, K Monge, MR Morettini, P Mueller, H Mundim, LM Murray, WJ Muryn, B Myatt, G Naraghi, F Navarria, FL Navas, S Negri, P Nemecek, S Neumann, W Neumeister, N Nicolaidou, R Nielsen, BS Nieuwenhuizen, M Nikolaenko, V Niss, P Nomerotski, A Normand, A OberschulteBeckmann, W Obraztsov, V Olshevski, AG Onofre, A Orava, R Osterberg, K Ouraou, A Paganini, P Paganoni, M Pages, P Palka, H Papadopoulou, TD Pape, L Parkes, C Parodi, F Passeri, A Pegoraro, M Peralta, L Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Perrotta, A Petridou, C Petrolini, A Phillips, HT Piana, G Pierre, F Pimenta, M Plaszczynski, S Podobrin, O Pol, ME Polok, G Poropat, P Pozdniakov, V Prest, M Privitera, P Pukhaeva, N Pullia, A Radojicic, D Ragazzi, S Rahmani, H Rames, J Ratoff, PN Read, AL Reale, M Rebecchi, P Redaelli, NG Regler, M Reid, D Renton, PB Resvanis, LK Richard, F Richardson, J Ridky, J Rinaudo, G Ripp, I Romero, A Roncagliolo, I Ronchese, P Roos, L Rosenberg, EI Rosso, E Roudeau, P Rovelli, T Ruckstuhl, W RuhlmannKleider, V Ruiz, A Rybicki, K Saarikko, H Sacquin, Y Sadovsky, A Sajot, G Salt, J Sanchez, J Sannino, M Schneider, H Schyns, MAE Sciolla, G Scuri, F Sedykh, Y Segar, AM Seitz, A Sekulin, R Shellard, RC Siccama, I Siegrist, P Simonetti, S Simonetto, F Sisakian, AN Sitar, B Skaali, TB Smadja, G Smirnov, N Smirnova, O Smith, GR Sosnowski, R SouzaSantos, D Spassov, T Spiriti, E Sponholz, P Squarcia, S Stanescu, C Stapnes, S Stavitski, I Stepaniak, K Stichelbaut, F Stocchi, A Strauss, J Strub, R Stugu, B Szczekowski, M Szeptycka, M Tabarelli, T Tavernet, JP Tchikilev, O Tilquin, A Timmermans, J Tkatchev, LG Todorov, T Toet, DZ Tomaradze, A Tome, B Tortora, L Transtromer, G Treille, D Trischuk, W Tristram, G Trombini, A Troncon, C Tsirou, A Turluer, ML Tyapkin, IA Tyndel, M Tzamarias, S Ueberschaer, B Ullaland, O Uvarov, V Valenti, G Vallazza, E VanderVelde, C VanApeldoorn, GW VanDam, P VanDoninck, WK VanEldik, J Vassilopoulos, N Vegni, G Vlasov, E Vodopyanov, AS Vrba, V Wahlen, H Walck, C Waldner, F Weierstall, M Weihammer, P Wetherell, AM Wicke, D Wickens, JH Wielers, M Wilkinson, GR Williams, WSC Winter, M Witek, M Woschnagg, K Yip, K Yushchenko, O Zach, F Zacharatou, C Zalewska, A Zalewski, P Zavrtanik, D Zevgolatakos, E Zimin, NI Zito, M Zontar, D Zuberi, R Zucchelli, GC Zumerle, G AF Abreu, P Adam, W Adye, T Agasi, E Ajinenko, I Aleksan, R Alekseev, GD Allport, PP Almehed, S Alvsvaag, SJ Amaldi, U Amato, S Andreazza, A Andrieux, ML Antilogus, P Apel, WD Arnoud, Y Asam, B Augustin, JE Augustinus, A Baillon, P Bambade, P BArao, F Barate, R Bardin, DY Barker, GJ Baroncelli, A Barring, O Barrio, JA Bartl, W Bates, MJ Battaglia, M Batyunya, B Baubillier, M Baudot, J Becks, KH Begalli, M Beilliere, P Belokopytov, Y Belous, K Benvenuti, AC Berggren, M Bertrand, D Bianchi, F Bigi, M Bilenky, MS Billoir, P Bloch, D Blume, M Blyth, S Bocci, V Bolognese, T Bonesini, M Bonivento, W Booth, PSL Borisov, G Bosio, C Bosworth, S Botner, O Bouquet, B Bourdarios, C Bowcock, TJV Bozzo, M Branchini, P Brand, KD Brenke, T Brenner, RA Bricman, C Brillault, L Brown, RCA Bruckman, P Brunet, JM Bugge, L Buran, T Burgsmueller, T Buschmann, P Buys, A Caccia, M Calvi, M Rozas, AJC Comporesi, T Canale, V Canepa, M Cankocak, K Cao, F Carena, F Carrilho, P Carroll, L Caso, C Gimenez, MVC Cattai, A Cavallo, FR Cerrito, L Chabaud, V Charpentier, P Chaussard, L Chauveau, J Checchia, P Chelkov, GA CHierici, R Chliapnikov, P Chochula, P Chorowicz, V Cindro, V Collins, P Contreras, JL Contri, R Cortina, E Cosme, G Cossutti, F Crawley, HB Crennell, D Crosetti, G Maestro, JC Czellar, S DahlJensen, E Dahm, J Dalmagne, B Dam, M Damgaard, G Daum, A Dauncey, PD Davenport, M Silva, WD Defoix, C Ricca, GD Delpierre, P Demaria, N DeAngelis, A DeBoeck, H DeBoer, W DeBrabandere, S DeClercq, C DelaVaissiere, C DeLotto, B DeMin, A DePaula, L DeSaintJean, C Dijkstra, H DiCiaccio, L Djama, F Dolbeau, J Donszelmann, M Doroba, K Dracos, M Drees, J Drees, KA Dris, M Dufour, Y Dupont, F Edsall, D Ehret, R Eigen, G Ekelof, T Ekspong, G Elsing, M Engel, JP Ershaidat, N Erzen, B Santo, ME Falk, E Fassouliotis, D Feindt, M Fenyuk, A Ferrer, A Filippas, TA Firestone, A Foeth, H Fokitis, E Fontanelli, F Formenti, F Franek, B Frenkiel, P Fries, DC Frodesen, AG Fruhwirth, R FuldaQuenzer, F Furstenau, H Fuster, J Galloni, A Gamba, D Gandelman, M Garcia, C Garcia, J Gaspar, C Gasparini, U Gavillet, P Gazis, EN Gele, D Gerb, JP Gibbs, M Gillespie, D Gokieli, R Golob, B Gopal, G Gorn, L Gorski, M Gouz, Y Gracco, V Graziani, E Grosdidier, G Gunnarsson, P Gunther, M Guy, J Haedinger, U Hahn, F Hahn, M Hahn, S Hajduk, Z Hallgren, A Hamacher, K Hao, W Harris, FJ Hedberg, V Hernandez, JJ Herquet, P Herr, H Hessing, TL Higon, E Hilke, HJ Hill, TS Holmgren, SO Holt, PJ Holthuizen, D Houlden, M Hrubec, J Huet, K Hultqvist, K Ioannou, P Jackson, JN Jacobsson, R Jalocha, P Janik, R Jarlskog, G Jarry, P JeanMarie, B Johansson, EK Jonsson, L Jonsson, P Joram, C Juillot, P Kaiser, M Kalmus, G Kapusta, F Karlsson, M Karvelas, E Katsanevas, S Katsoufis, EC Keranen, R Khomenko, BA Khovanski, NN King, B Kjaer, NJ Klein, H Klovning, A Kluit, P Koehne, JH Koene, B Kokkinias, P Koratzinos, M Korcyl, K Kostioukhine, V Kourkoumelis, C Kouznetsov, O Kramer, PH Krammer, M Kreuter, C Krolikowski, J Kronkvist, I Krumstein, Z Krupinski, W Kubinec, P Kucewicz, W Kurvinen, K Lacasta, C Laktineh, I Lamblot, S Lamsa, JW Lanceri, L Lane, DW Langefeld, P Lapin, V Last, I Laugier, JP Lauhakangas, R Leder, G Ledroit, F Lefebure, V Legan, CK Leitner, R Lemoigne, Y Lemonne, J Lenzen, G Lepeltier, V Lesiak, T Liko, D Lindner, R Lipniacka, A Lippi, I Loerstad, B Lokajicek, M Loken, JG Lopez, JM LopezFernandez, A Aguera, MAL Loukas, D Lutz, P Lyons, L MacNaughton, J Maehlum, G Maio, A Malychev, V Mandl, F Marco, J Marechal, B Margoni, M Marin, JC Mariotti, C Markou, A Maron, T MartinezRivero, C MartinezVidal, F Garcia, SM Matorras, F Matteuzzi, C Matthiae, G Mazzucato, M McCubbin, M McKay, R McNulty, R Medbo, J Meroni, C Meyer, WT Miagkov, A Michelotto, M Migliore, E Mirabito, L Mjoernmark, U Moa, T Moeller, R Moenig, K Monge, MR Morettini, P Mueller, H Mundim, LM Murray, WJ Muryn, B Myatt, G Naraghi, F Navarria, FL Navas, S Negri, P Nemecek, S Neumann, W Neumeister, N Nicolaidou, R Nielsen, BS Nieuwenhuizen, M Nikolaenko, V Niss, P Nomerotski, A Normand, A OberschulteBeckmann, W Obraztsov, V Olshevski, AG Onofre, A Orava, R Osterberg, K Ouraou, A Paganini, P Paganoni, M Pages, P Palka, H Papadopoulou, TD Pape, L Parkes, C Parodi, F Passeri, A Pegoraro, M Peralta, L Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Perrotta, A Petridou, C Petrolini, A Phillips, HT Piana, G Pierre, F Pimenta, M Plaszczynski, S Podobrin, O Pol, ME Polok, G Poropat, P Pozdniakov, V Prest, M Privitera, P Pukhaeva, N Pullia, A Radojicic, D Ragazzi, S Rahmani, H Rames, J Ratoff, PN Read, AL Reale, M Rebecchi, P Redaelli, NG Regler, M Reid, D Renton, PB Resvanis, LK Richard, F Richardson, J Ridky, J Rinaudo, G Ripp, I Romero, A Roncagliolo, I Ronchese, P Roos, L Rosenberg, EI Rosso, E Roudeau, P Rovelli, T Ruckstuhl, W RuhlmannKleider, V Ruiz, A Rybicki, K Saarikko, H Sacquin, Y Sadovsky, A Sajot, G Salt, J Sanchez, J Sannino, M Schneider, H Schyns, MAE Sciolla, G Scuri, F Sedykh, Y Segar, AM Seitz, A Sekulin, R Shellard, RC Siccama, I Siegrist, P Simonetti, S Simonetto, F Sisakian, AN Sitar, B Skaali, TB Smadja, G Smirnov, N Smirnova, O Smith, GR Sosnowski, R SouzaSantos, D Spassov, T Spiriti, E Sponholz, P Squarcia, S Stanescu, C Stapnes, S Stavitski, I Stepaniak, K Stichelbaut, F Stocchi, A Strauss, J Strub, R Stugu, B Szczekowski, M Szeptycka, M Tabarelli, T Tavernet, JP Tchikilev, O Tilquin, A Timmermans, J Tkatchev, LG Todorov, T Toet, DZ Tomaradze, A Tome, B Tortora, L Transtromer, G Treille, D Trischuk, W Tristram, G Trombini, A Troncon, C Tsirou, A Turluer, ML Tyapkin, IA Tyndel, M Tzamarias, S Ueberschaer, B Ullaland, O Uvarov, V Valenti, G Vallazza, E VanderVelde, C VanApeldoorn, GW VanDam, P VanDoninck, WK VanEldik, J Vassilopoulos, N Vegni, G Vlasov, E Vodopyanov, AS Vrba, V Wahlen, H Walck, C Waldner, F Weierstall, M Weihammer, P Wetherell, AM Wicke, D Wickens, JH Wielers, M Wilkinson, GR Williams, WSC Winter, M Witek, M Woschnagg, K Yip, K Yushchenko, O Zach, F Zacharatou, C Zalewska, A Zalewski, P Zavrtanik, D Zevgolatakos, E Zimin, NI Zito, M Zontar, D Zuberi, R Zucchelli, GC Zumerle, G TI A measurement of the photon structure function F-2(gamma) at an average Q(2) of 12 GeV2/c(4) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2; JET FRAGMENTATION; E+E-PHYSICS; QCD; Q2; SCATTERING; ORDER AB The hadronic photon structure function F-2(gamma) has been measured in the Q(2) range from 4 to 30 GeV2/c(4) and down to x values of order 0.001, using data taken with the DELPHI detector at LEP between 1991 and 1993. A comparison is made with several F-2(gamma) parameterizations with special emphasis on their low rr: behaviour. A result on the Q(2) evolution of F-2(gamma) is presented. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT PHYS,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,IIHE,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. UNIV ETAT MONS,FAC SCI,B-7000 MONS,BELGIUM. UNIV ATHENS,PHYS LAB,GR-10680 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV BERGEN,DEPT PHYS,N-5007 BERGEN,NORWAY. UNIV BOLOGNA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. CTR BRASILEIRO PESQUISAS FIS,BR-22290 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA RIO DE JANEIRO,DEPT FIS,BR-22453 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV ESTADUAL RIO DE JANEIRO,INST FIS,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. COMENIUS UNIV BRATISLAVA,FAC MATH & PHYS,BRATISLAVA 84215,SLOVAKIA. COLL FRANCE,IN2P3,PHYS CORPUSCULAIRE LAB,CNRS,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. ULP,IN2P3,CTR RECH NUCL,CNRS,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. NATL CTR SCI RES DEMOKRITOS,INST NUCL PHYS,GR-15310 ATHENS,GREECE. ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBL,INST PHYS,FZU,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,CR-18040 PRAGUE 8,CZECH REPUBLIC. UNIV GENOA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-16146 GENOA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-16146 GENOA,ITALY. UNIV GRENOBLE 1,IN2P3,INST SCI NUCL,CNRS,F-38026 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. SEFT,HIGH ENERGY PHYS RES INST,SF-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. JOINT INST NUCL RES,MOSCOW 101000,RUSSIA. UNIV KARLSRUHE,INST EXPTL KERNPHYS,D-76128 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. INST NUCL PHYS,HIGH ENERGY PHYS LAB,PL-30055 KRAKOW 30,POLAND. UNIV PARIS 11,IN2P3,ACCELERATEUR LINEAIRE LAB,CNRS,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. UNIV LANCASTER,SCH PHYS & MAT,LANCASTER LA1 4YB,ENGLAND. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT PHYS,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. UNIV PARIS 06,IN2P3,LPNHF,CNRS,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 07,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22363 LUND,SWEDEN. UNIV LYON,IPNL,IN2P3,CNRS,F-69622 VILLEURBANNE,FRANCE. UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV AIX MARSEILLE 2,IN2P3,CPP,CNRS,F-13288 MARSEILLE 09,FRANCE. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. NIELS BOHR INST,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN 0,DENMARK. CHARLES UNIV,MFF,CTR NUCL,CR-18000 PRAGUE 8,CZECH REPUBLIC. NIKHEF H,1009 DB AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NATL TECH UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PHYS,GR-15773 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV OSLO,DEPT PHYS,N-1000 OSLO 3,NORWAY. UNIV OVIEDO,DEPT FIS,E-33006 OVIEDO,SPAIN. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. UNIV PADUA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. UNIV ROMA TOR VERGATA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-00173 ROME,ITALY. CENS,DSM,DAPNIA,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,IST SUPER SANITA,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. UNIV CANTABRIA,CSIC,CEAFM,E-39006 SANTANDER,SPAIN. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS,PROTVINO,RUSSIA. UNIV LJUBLJANA,JOZEF STEFAN INST,LJUBLJANA 61000,SLOVENIA. UNIV LJUBLJANA,DEPT PHYS,LJUBLJANA 61000,SLOVENIA. UNIV STOCKHOLM,S-11385 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. UNIV TURIN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS SPERIMENTALE,I-10125 TURIN,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-10125 TURIN,ITALY. UNIV TRIESTE,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-34127 TRIESTE,ITALY. UNIV UDINE,IST FIS,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,BR-21945970 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV UPPSALA,DEPT RADIAT SCI,S-75121 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CSIC,IFIC,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. UNIV VALENCIA,DFAMN,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. AUSTRIAN ACAD SCI,INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS,A-1050 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. INST NUCL STUDIES,PL-00681 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV WARSAW,PL-00681 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV WUPPERTAL,FACHBEREICH PHYS,D-42097 WUPPERTAL 1,GERMANY. RP Abreu, P (reprint author), INST SUPER TECN,FCUL,LIP,AV ELIAS GARCIA 14-1,P-1000 LISBON,PORTUGAL. RI Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/L-2341-2014; Pimenta, Mario/M-1741-2013; gandelman, miriam/N-3739-2014; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Olshevskiy, Alexander/I-1580-2016; Rames, Jiri/H-2450-2014; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Michelotto, Michele/A-9571-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Marti-Garcia, Salvador/F-3085-2011; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Nemecek, Stanislav/G-5931-2014; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Tome, Bernardo/J-4410-2013; Fernandez, Ester/K-9734-2014; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Katsanevas, Stavros/A-4297-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; branchini, paolo/A-4857-2011; Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; De Saint Jean, Cyrille/E-8853-2011; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Petrolini, Alessandro/H-3782-2011; Fruhwirth, Rudolf/H-2529-2012; de Paula, Leandro/I-9278-2012; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Dracos, Marcos/K-2335-2012; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/K-7255-2014; Abreu, Pedro/L-2220-2014; Barao, Fernando/O-2357-2016; Navas, Sergio/N-4649-2014; Barrio, Juan/L-3227-2014; OI Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/0000-0003-1286-7288; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Smirnova, Oxana/0000-0003-2517-531X; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Olshevskiy, Alexander/0000-0002-8902-1793; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Michelotto, Michele/0000-0001-6644-987X; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Petrolini, Alessandro/0000-0003-0222-7594; de Paula, Leandro/0000-0002-4984-7734; Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759; Dracos, Marcos/0000-0003-0514-193X; Demaria, Natale/0000-0003-0743-9465; Sannino, Mario/0000-0001-7700-8383; Maio, Amelia/0000-0001-9099-0009; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; PREST, MICHELA/0000-0003-3161-4454; De Lotto, Barbara/0000-0003-3624-4480; Contreras Gonzalez, Jose Luis/0000-0001-7282-2394; Abreu, Pedro/0000-0002-9973-7314; Barao, Fernando/0000-0002-8346-9941; Navas, Sergio/0000-0003-1688-5758; Barrio, Juan/0000-0002-0965-0259; Matteuzzi, Clara/0000-0002-4047-4521; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389 NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD JAN PY 1996 VL 69 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1007/s002880050022 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TJ960 UT WOS:A1996TJ96000004 ER PT J AU Trueman, TL AF Trueman, TL TI Spurious anomalies in dimensional renormalization SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID QCD NONLEADING CORRECTIONS; CHANGING NEUTRAL CURRENTS; VVA-TRIANGLE GRAPH; GAUGE-THEORIES; WEAK DECAYS; REGULARIZATION; B->S-GAMMA; GAMMA-5-SCHEME; SYMMETRY; SCHEME AB A set of procedures is given for avoiding the spurious anomalies that are generated when the 't Hooft-Veltman definition of gamma(5) is used in conjunction with renormalization by minimal subtraction. These procedures are derived from the standard procedure, which requires in addition various finite renormalizations to remove spurious violations of chiral symmetry. They apply to open fermion lines, including flavor changing currents, to closed fermion loops, including those which contain true anomalous currents, and to anomalous loops connected to open fermion lines, to all orders in QCD. RP Trueman, TL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD JAN PY 1996 VL 69 IS 3 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s002880050057 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TR767 UT WOS:A1996TR76700021 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA AF Somorjai, GA TI Surface science at high pressures SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE in situ catalytic studies; scanning tunneling microscopy studies; sum frequency generation studies; high pressure studies of surfaces; catalysis by the STM tip ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYTIC REACTIONS; THERMAL-DESORPTION; PT(111); CO AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and infrared-visible sum frequency generation (SFG) are two techniques that can be utilized to monitor surfaces during chemical change at high pressures and temperatures. STM studies reveal the massive restructuring of the Pt(110) crystal face at atmospheric pressures as the ambient gas changes from hydrogen, to oxygen, and to carbon monoxide. The platinum STM tip can be used for catalytic hydrogenation or oxidation of carbonaceous deposits at 300 K on the nanometer scale; the rate accelerating exponentially with increasing reactant pressure. The SFG vibrational spectra detect the reversible formation of new adsorbed carbon monoxide species above 100 Torr on Pt(111), that appear to be platinum-carbonyl clusters Pt-n(CO)(m), with (m/n) > 1 and a CO commensurate overlayer. During ethylene hydrogenation over Pt(111) the reaction intermediate appears to be weakly bound pi-bonded ethylene which produces most of the ethane, while ethylidyne and di-sigma bonded ethylene are spectators during the catalytic process. The surface concentration of pi-bonded ethylene is 4% of a monolayer during the turnover, which yields an absolute turnover rate 25 times higher than the turnover rate per platinum atom. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NALT LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH 80 PA ROSENHEIMER STR 145 POSTFACH 801360, W-8000 MUNICH 80, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 1996 VL 197 BP 1 EP 19 PN 1-2 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA VX532 UT WOS:A1996VX53200001 ER PT S AU AMUNDSON, SA CHEN, DJ AF AMUNDSON, SA CHEN, DJ BE Kraft, G Carr, KE Goodwin, EH Ting, KC Finn, CK Tsai, KC Volk, T Henninger, DL Mitchell, CA MacElroy, RD Stabekis, P TI IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED MUTATION OF HUMAN-CELLS WITH DIFFERENT DNA-REPAIR CAPACITIES SO PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCESSES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH-SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F2.2, F2.3, F2.5, F4.3, F4.4, F4.9, F4.10 Meetings of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, at the 13th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 11-21, 1994 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Comm Space Res ID DIPLOID HUMAN-LYMPHOBLASTS; THYMIDINE KINASE LOCUS; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; ALLELE LOSS; APRT LOCUS; TK-LOCUS; X-RAYS; INDUCTION AB We have observed significant differences in the response to ionizing radiation of two closely related human cell lines, and now compare the effects on these lines of both low and intermediate LET radiation. Compared to TK6, WTK1 has an enhanced X-ray survival, and is also more resistant to cell killing by alpha-particles. The hprt locus is more mutable in WTK1 than in TK6 by both X-rays and alpha-particles. WTK1 is also more mutable by alpha-particles than by X-rays at the hprt locus. X-ray-induced mutation at the heterozygous tk locus in WTK1 is about 25 fold higher than in TK6, while alpha-particle-induced mutation is nearly 50 fold higher at this locus. Also, the slowly growing tk- mutants, which comprise the majority of spontaneous and X-ray-induced tk- mutants of TK6, were not induced significantly by alpha-particles. Previously, we showed that TK6 has a reduced capacity for recombination compared with WTK1, and therefore, these results indicate that recombinational repair may contribute to both cell survival and mutation-induction following exposure to ionizing radiation. Such a mechanism may aid cell survival, but could also result in increased deleterious effects such as the unmasking of recessive mutations in cancer suppresser genes. RP AMUNDSON, SA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042664-6 J9 ADV SPACE RES-SERIES PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1/2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(95)00798-J PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry GA BE07T UT WOS:A1995BE07T00015 PM 11538952 ER PT J AU Palladino, DM Valentine, GA AF Palladino, DM Valentine, GA TI Coarse-tail vertical and lateral grading in pyroclastic flow deposits of the Latera Volcanic Complex (Vulsini, central Italy): Origin and implications for flow dynamics SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; TAUPO IGNIMBRITE; EMPLACEMENT; ERUPTION; TRANSPORT; FLUIDIZATION; WASHINGTON; CALDERA; MODELS; FACIES AB Coarse-tail vertical and lateral grading are common features of pyroclastic flow deposits of the Latera Volcanic Complex (Vulsini Volcanoes, central Italy), and are described for four representative flow units. Lithic clasts show normal vertical and lateral grading in all four units. Pumice clasts show reverse vertical and lateral grading within three flow units; normal vertical and lateral grading of scoria clasts has been observed in one flow unit. The origin of vertical and lateral grading of lithic and pumice clasts is related to mechanisms operating during the transport process within the high particle concentration basal avalanche of pyroclastic flows. Vertical grading results from the balance between gravitational and dispersive forces, and is transferred to a lateral grading by vertical velocity gradients within a nonturbulent flow zone of pyroclastic Bows. The pyroclastic flows are modeled as Bingham-type fluids, a framework that explains some of the basic deposit features even though it is a highly simplified treatment of the flows. Plug flow zones in the flows were a relatively minor part of their thicknesses. Evidence for the flows having had high densities, probably within a factor of two of the final deposit density, is presented. Finally, their origin by ''single pulse'' or ''progressive formation'' is discussed. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GEOANAL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Palladino, DM (reprint author), UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA,DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,ROME,ITALY. NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 30 PY 1995 VL 69 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 364 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00036-4 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TX469 UT WOS:A1995TX46900012 ER PT J AU Hu, J Xiao, XD Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Hu, J Xiao, XD Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI The structure of molecularly thin films of water on mica in humid environments SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; evaporation and sublimation; liquid surfaces; liquid-gas interfaces; mica; water; wetting ID SURFACES; FORCES AB The structures formed by the condensation and evaporation of water on mica surfaces at room temperature have been imaged with nanometer resolution. The technique used is based on the measurement of the polarization force between a charged AFM tip and the surface. This allowed us to perform non-contact imaging at tip-surface distances of a few hundred angstroms, which is critical to not perturb the surface of liquid layers. We found that at room temperature and up to 40-50% humidity, water condenses forming two-dimensional, molecularly thin films with two distinct phases (I & II). Phase I forms at humidities <20%, while phase II forms between similar to 20 and 40%. Phase II forms polygonal domains in angular epitaxial relationship with the mica crystallographic directions, suggesting that it is solid in character. Above 40% humidity, water adsorbs forming thicker films and droplets. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 29 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 1995 VL 344 IS 3 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00858-6 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TQ239 UT WOS:A1995TQ23900017 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Shultz, AN AF Wang, LQ Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Shultz, AN TI The adsorption of liquid and vapor water on TiO2(110) surfaces: The role of defects SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemisorption; electron bombardment; ion bombardment; low index single crystal surfaces; surface electronic phenomena; titanium oxide; visible and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy; water; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; H2O; TIO2(001); TIO2; 250-K AB The adsorption of liquid and vapor water on defective and nearly defect-free TiO2(110) surfaces has been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The study focuses on examining electronic defects as created in vacuum and after exposure to both liquid and vapor water. Defective surfaces were prepared by electron-beam exposure and Ar+ bombardment. With exposure up to 10(4) L low vapor pressure (< 10(-5) Torr) water to defective surfaces, little change on Ti3d defect intensity was observed. However, defect intensities were greatly reduced after exposing defective surfaces to similar to 10(8) L higher vapor pressure (0.2-0.6 Torr) water for 5 min. More significantly, XPS and UPS spectra showed that electron-beam induced defects were completely removed upon liquid water exposure, while defects created by Arf bombardment were only partially removed. Surface defects created by Ar+ bombardment were removed more readily than sub-surface defects. Water adsorption on the surface has been quantified using the OH signal from the O 1s photopeak. For a nearly defect-free surface, water coverage was similar to 0.02 ML at 10(4) L exposure to low vapor pressure water, similar to 0.07 ML at 10(8) L exposure to higher vapor pressure water, and similar to 0.125 ML with liquid water exposure, respectively. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, MAT & CHEM SCI CTR, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 23 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 1995 VL 344 IS 3 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00859-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TQ239 UT WOS:A1995TQ23900018 ER PT J AU Heskett, D Xu, P Berman, L Kao, CC Bedzyk, MJ AF Heskett, D Xu, P Berman, L Kao, CC Bedzyk, MJ TI The geometric structure of Rb/Cu(111) investigated with X-ray standing waves: Rb coverage dependence SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alkali metals; copper; low index single crystal surfaces; metallic surfaces; photon absorption spectroscopy ID SURFACE-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CU(111) SURFACE; METAL ADSORPTION; POTASSIUM; AL(111); OVERLAYER; NI(111); CESIUM; NA AB We have carried out a back reflection X-ray standing wave (BRXSW) investigation of the geometric structure and degree of ordering of the system Rb/Cu(111) as a function of Rb coverage. We observe no change in the Rb-Cu(111) perpendicular spacing as a function of coverage from saturation coverage of theta = 1/4 down to a coverage of theta = 1/16. We find a high degree of ordering of the Rb atoms perpendicular to the surface at all coverages, but a very low degree of order parallel to the Cu(111) surface. No differences in our results were detected for measurements at room temperature versus at similar to 190 K. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Heskett, D (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PHYS,KINGSTON,RI 02881, USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 1995 VL 344 IS 3 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00860-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TQ239 UT WOS:A1995TQ23900021 ER PT J AU Lucas, CA Loretto, D AF Lucas, CA Loretto, D TI Atomic structures at the buried Pb/Si(111) interface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE lead; metal-semiconductor interfaces; silicon; single crystal epitaxy; surface relaxation and reconstruction; x-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection ID DEPENDENT SCHOTTKY-BARRIER; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE; PB; SI(111); GROWTH; GE(111) AB Using surface X-ray scattering and crystal truncation rod (CTR) analysis we have studied the buried atomic structure at the Pb/Si(111) interface. In agreement with previous studies, we observe that the (7 X 7) reconstruction is preserved at the interface, containing many features of the Si surface reconstruction and decorated with Pb atoms adsorbed at on-top sites. The (7 X 7) reconstruction undergoes an irreversible transition to a (1 X 1) structure between 150 degrees C and 300 degrees C. Changes in the first-order CTR indicate that the transition from the bulk Si lattice to the ''bulk-like'' Pb lattice occurs over a single Pb monolayer at the interface. RP Lucas, CA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 1995 VL 344 IS 3 BP L1219 EP L1225 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TQ239 UT WOS:A1995TQ23900004 ER PT J AU Cornil, J Beljonne, D Shuai, Z Hagler, TW Campbell, I Bradley, DDC Bredas, JL Spangler, CW Mullen, K AF Cornil, J Beljonne, D Shuai, Z Hagler, TW Campbell, I Bradley, DDC Bredas, JL Spangler, CW Mullen, K TI Vibronic structure in the optical absorption spectra of phenylene vinylene oligomers: A joint experimental and theoretical study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; RELAXATION AB We present a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the optical absorption spectra of phenylene vinylene oligomers, The vibronic structure, which is clearly observed in the experimental spectra, is well described by a simple model based on the Frank-Condon approximation but requires the use of at least two effective modes coupled to the electronic states, Using a fitting procedure, we deduce the displacement of the B-1(u) excited state potential energy curve relative to that of the ground state and compare it to the results of recent Hartree-Fock semi-empirical calculations. Such information is of prime importance in the description of the frequency-dependent linear as well as nonlinear optical responses. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT PHYS,SHEFFIELD S3 7RE,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV SHEFFIELD,CTR MOLEC MAT,SHEFFIELD S3 7RE,S YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DE KALB,IL 60115. MAX PLANCK INST POLYMER RES,D-55128 MAINZ,GERMANY. RP Cornil, J (reprint author), UNIV MONS,CTR RECH ELECTR & PHOTON MOLEC,SERV CHIM MAT NOUVEAUX,PL PARC 20,B-7000 MONS,BELGIUM. RI Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008; Bradley, Donal/F-6068-2011; Shuai, Zhigang/H-5576-2011 OI Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471; Bradley, Donal/0000-0001-8713-5060; Shuai, Zhigang/0000-0003-3867-2331 NR 35 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 247 IS 4-6 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(95)01224-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TN291 UT WOS:A1995TN29100018 ER PT J AU Shirley, DA Petersen, BL Howells, MR AF Shirley, DA Petersen, BL Howells, MR TI Electron spectroscopy into the twenty-first century SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Electron Spectroscopy (ICES 6) CY JUN 19-23, 1995 CL ROME, ITALY SP Univ La Spienza, Univ Tor Vergata, Univ Rome III, CNR, Gruppo Nazionale Struttura Materia ID HELIUM AB Global socioeconomic trends define the external envelope within which electron spectroscopy will develop in the coming decades. The signs are very positive that this field will be increasingly in demand as new methodology is developed, leading to advances in both basic science and applications to technology. Four fields of transcendent scientific opportunity are identified. All benefit from electron spectroscopy. Two of the many newly developing techniques related to electron spectroscopy are described briefly. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Shirley, DA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,104 DAVEY LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 76 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02423-9 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC828 UT WOS:A1995UC82800002 ER PT J AU Claessen, R Gweon, GH Reinert, F Allen, JW Ellis, WP Shen, ZX Olson, CG Schneemeyer, LF Levy, F AF Claessen, R Gweon, GH Reinert, F Allen, JW Ellis, WP Shen, ZX Olson, CG Schneemeyer, LF Levy, F TI Angle-resolved photoemission of quasi-one-dimensional metals: Evidence for Luttinger liquid behavior SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Electron Spectroscopy (ICES 6) CY JUN 19-23, 1995 CL ROME, ITALY SP Univ La Spienza, Univ Tor Vergata, Univ Rome III, CNR, Gruppo Nazionale Struttura Materia ID CHARGE-SPIN SEPARATION; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; BLUE BRONZE; MODEL; CONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; (TASE4)2I; GAS AB We present angular resolved photoemission data of the quasi-one-dimensional metals K0.3MoO3 and (TaSe4)(2)I. The measured conduction band dispersions reflect the highly anisotropic nature of these materials. However, no clear Fermi-Dirac cutoff is observed in the spectra above the Peierls transition, being due to either charge density wave (CDW) fluctuations or due to electronic correlation effects in one dimension. The experimental conduction band width of (TaSe4)(2)I agrees well with a tight-binding calculation, suggesting a description as a conventional Peierls system with CDW fluctuations suppressing the spectral weight at the Fermi energy. In contrast, the spectra of K0.3MoO3 Show an excitation which along the direction of highest conductivity (''easy axis'') disperses 5 times faster than expected from band theory. This anomalous increase cannot be explained by electron-electron or electron-phonon interactions in a. Fermi liquid scenario, but can be accounted for as holon dispersion in a Luttinger liquid framework, which need not conflict with the material's CDW properties. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,RANDALL LAB PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,IOWA CITY,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,IOWA CITY,IA 50011. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. ECOLE POLYTECH FED LAUSANNE,INST PHYS APPL,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. RP Claessen, R (reprint author), UNIV SAARLAND,FR EXPTL PHYS 102,D-66041 SAARBRUCKEN,GERMANY. RI Reinert, Friedrich/J-3005-2013; Claessen, Ralph/A-2045-2017 OI Claessen, Ralph/0000-0003-3682-6325 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 76 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02487-5 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC828 UT WOS:A1995UC82800017 ER PT J AU Len, PM Zhang, F Thevuthasan, S Kaduwela, AP VanHove, MA Fadley, CS AF Len, PM Zhang, F Thevuthasan, S Kaduwela, AP VanHove, MA Fadley, CS TI Photoelectron holography: Prospects and limitations of direct methods SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Electron Spectroscopy (ICES 6) CY JUN 19-23, 1995 CL ROME, ITALY SP Univ La Spienza, Univ Tor Vergata, Univ Rome III, CNR, Gruppo Nazionale Struttura Materia ID AUGER-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PATTERNS; IMAGES; RECONSTRUCTION AB Images of near-surface atoms can be obtained from photoelectron diffraction data by various imaging algorithms, the basic method being: (a) a Fourier transform over k-space involving a path-length difference phase factor. We will also discuss two recently proposed direct methods that compensate for the non-optical atomic scattering of photoelectrons: (b) a Fourier transform of small k-space cones centered on the approximately optical scattering regions of a photoelectron diffraction data set; and (c), a truly quantum mechanical Fourier transform that accounts for the non-optical propagation and atomic scattering of the photoelectrons in the first Born approximation. Atomic images produced by these three methods are compared for photoelectron diffraction patterns calculated from a single scattering Ni trimer, and a large multiple scattering Ni bulk cluster. All three methods are found to comparably resolve backscattering atomic images, while poorly resolving forward and side scattering atomic images. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Len, PM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 76 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02535-9 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC828 UT WOS:A1995UC82800055 ER PT J AU Trahanovsky, WS Tunkel, JL Thoen, JC Wang, YL AF Trahanovsky, WS Tunkel, JL Thoen, JC Wang, YL TI Regiospecific formation of anthracenes in the flash vacuum pyrolysis dibenzosuberones SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA C1 AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Trahanovsky, WS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 26 BP 8407 EP 8409 DI 10.1021/jo00131a016 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA TN509 UT WOS:A1995TN50900016 ER PT J AU Trahanovsky, WS Lee, SK Fennell, JW AF Trahanovsky, WS Lee, SK Fennell, JW TI Formation of 2-(2'-hydroxybenzyl)benzaldehyde by the flash vacuum pyrolysis of 6H,11H-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]dioxocin SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Trahanovsky, WS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 29 PY 1995 VL 60 IS 26 BP 8410 EP 8411 DI 10.1021/jo00131a017 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA TN509 UT WOS:A1995TN50900017 ER PT J AU Dabestani, R Nelson, M Sigman, ME AF Dabestani, R Nelson, M Sigman, ME TI 1,3-Di-2,2'-naphthylpropane as a fluorescent probe for silica surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-di-2,2'-naphthylpropane; fluorescence; singlet excimer; intramolecular processes; fluorescent probe ID INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION; PYRENE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; GEL; MOLECULES; PHOTOPHYSICS; LUMINESCENCE; NAPHTHALENE; INTERFACE; MEMBRANES AB The bifunctional molecule 1,3-di-2,2'-naphthylpropane, N(3)N, has been investigated as a thermodynamic surface interaction probe of silica surfaces. Adsorption of N(3)N onto a silica surface from cyclohexane follows a Freundlich adsorption isotherm, demonstrating a range of weak interactions between the molecule and surface active sites. A moderate excimer emission (lambda(max) = 400 nm) observed at room temperature for low probe concentrations (below 5% of a monolayer) is attributed to an intramolecular process. Our results indicate that at low surface coverages more than 70% of the isolated bichromophoric molecules exist in an intramolecular excimer form. Thermodynamic data obtained from fluorescence studies reveal that excimer emission increases concurrently with a decrease in monomer emission as the temperature is raised. From an Arrhenius plot of the data an activation energy of about 2.2 kcal mol(-1) is calculated for the intramolecular excimer formation on silica surface. Gas phase molecular mechanics calculations predict an activation energy of 2.3 kcal mol(-1) for the interconversion of an anti-gauche conformer (non-excimer emitting) to a gauche-gauche conformer responsible for intramolecular excimer emission. Since the calculation does not take into account surface interactions, the anti-gauche conformation may not be the predominant non-excimer emitting species present on silica surface. RP Dabestani, R (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 1010-6030 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO A JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem. PD DEC 27 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 3 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/1010-6030(95)04119-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TM535 UT WOS:A1995TM53500009 ER PT J AU Kofman, V Shane, JJ Dikanov, SA Bowman, MK Libman, J Shanzer, A Goldfarb, D AF Kofman, V Shane, JJ Dikanov, SA Bowman, MK Libman, J Shanzer, A Goldfarb, D TI Coordination of Cu(II) to lipophilic bis-hydroxamate binders as studied by one- and two-dimensional electron spin echo spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; ENVELOPE MODULATION; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; ENDOR SPECTROSCOPY; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; N-14; ESEEM; IMIDAZOLE; FREQUENCIES; RESONANCE AB The binding of Cu(II) to a lipophilic bis-hydroxamate binder, RL252, and its parent RL239, was investigated by pulsed EPR. The binders have two arms, each terminated with a hydroxamate group which serves as a donor. The major difference between RL252 and RL239 is the absence of the leucine amino acid bridge in RL239. Orientation-selective electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) experiments were carried out at 8.45 and 9.15 GHz. The spectra obtained were exceptionally well resolved and indicated that the cancellation condition, which requires that the hyperfine coupling is approximately twice the nuclear Larmor frequency, is met at 8-9 GHz. The spectra of both Cu-RL252 and Cu-RL239 showed the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies, nu(0), nu-, and nu(+), of the N-14 of the hydroxamate groups at 1.6-1.7, 2.15-2.25, and 3.8-3.9 MHz. A peak corresponding to the double quantum transition in the ''noncanceled manifold'', nu(DQ), was observed at 5-5.2 MHz, and at some magnetic fields a peak corresponding to a single quantum transition, nu(SQ), and its combination harmonic appeared as well. The assignment of all the ESEEM frequencies was achieved by the application of the two-dimensional hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) experiment. Following the assignment, simulations of the orientation-selective ESEEM spectra were performed, yielding the magnitude and orientation of the quadrupole and hyperfine tensors of the coupled nitrogens. While only one best fit set of quadrupolar parameters was found, two such sets were obtained for the hyperfine interaction. Analysis of the orientation of the quadrupole tensor with respect to the g-tensor showed that in both Cu-RL252 and Cu-RL239 the binding site is close to coplanar. Very subtle differences in the spin Hamiltonian parameters were observed between Cu-RL252 and Cu-RL239, The N-14 quadrupolar parameters and the anisotropic hyperfine component were slightly larger in Cu-RL239. The relatively small N-14 hyperfine coupling is attributed to a node in the molecular orbital, occupied by the unpaired electron, at the nitrogen. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT CHEM PHYS, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT ORGAN CHEM, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. INST CHEM KINET & COMBUST, NOVOSIBIRSK 630090, RUSSIA. PACIFIC NW LAB, MACROMOLEC STRUCT & DYNAM ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 57 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 51 BP 12771 EP 12778 DI 10.1021/ja00156a014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TM483 UT WOS:A1995TM48300014 ER PT J AU Mao, B Hingerty, BE Broyde, S Patel, DJ AF Mao, B Hingerty, BE Broyde, S Patel, DJ TI Solution conformation of [AF]dG opposite a -2 deletion site in a DNA duplex: Intercalation of the covalently attached aminofluorene ring into the helix with base displacement of the C-8-modified syn guanine and adjacent unpaired 3'-adenine into the major groove SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; BULGED BASES; MUTAGENESIS; INVITRO; ADDUCT; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; MISMATCHES AB This paper reports the solution conformation of the covalent aminofluorene-C-8-deoxyguanosine [AF]dG adduct positioned opposite a -2 deletion site in a DNA oligomer duplex. The combined NMR and molecular mechanics computational studies were undertaken on the [AF]dG adduct embedded in the d(C5-[AF]G6-A7-C8). d(G17-G18) sequence context in a duplex containing 12 residues on the modified strand and 10 on the partner strand, with no bases opposite the [AF]dG6-dA7 segment. The exchangeable and nonexchangeable protons of the aminofluorene moiety and the nucleic acid were assigned following analysis of two-dimensional NMR data sets in H2O and D2O solution. The solution conformation of the [AF]dG . 2del 12-mer duplex has been determined by incorporating intramolecular and intermolecular proton-proton distances defined by upper and lower bounds deduced from NOESY spectra as restraints in molecular mechanics computations in torsion angle space. The aminofluorene ring of [AF]dG6 is intercalated between intact Waston-Crick dC5 . dG18 and dC8 . dG17 base pairs with the deoxyguanosine base of [AF]dG6 in a syn alignment displaced into the major groove. The syn glycosidic torsion angle at [AF]dG6 is supported by both carbon and proton chemical shift data for the sugar resonances of the modified deoxyguanosine residue. The unpaired dA7 base is also looped out of the helix into the major groove with the purine rings of [AF]dG6 and dA7 stacking on each other in the groove. The long axis of the intercalated aminofluorene ring is parallel to the long axis of the flanking dG . dC base pairs. The intercalation site is wedge shaped with a pronounced propeller-twisting and buckling of the dC5 . dG18 base pair. The deoxyguanosine base of [AF]dG6, which is positioned in the major groove, is inclined relative to the helix axis and stacks over the 5'-flanking dC5 residue in the solution structure. The intercalative base displacement structure of the [AF]dG . 2del 12-mer duplex exhibits several unusually shifted proton resonances that can be readily accounted for by the ring current contributions of the deoxyguanosine purine and carcinogen fluorene aromatic rings of the [AF]dG6 adduct. We note similarities between the present conformation of [AF]dG positioned opposite a -2 deletion site with our earlier conformational studies of [AF]dG positioned opposite a -1 deletion site [Mao, B., Cosman, M., Hingerty, B.E., Broyde, S., & Patel, D.J. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 6226-6238]. For both conformations, the aminofluorene carcinogen inserts into the helix at the deletion site through base displacement of the modified deoxyguanosine in a syn alignment into the major groove and directed toward its 5'-neighbor in the sequence. These structures provide a molecular explanation of how transient strand slippage of the lesion-containing segment can be accommodated by a double helix following translesion synthesis. C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,CELLULAR BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS PROGRAM,NEW YORK,NY 10021. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HLTH SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NYU,DEPT BIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10003. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-28038, CA-49982]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-06458] NR 67 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 26 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 51 BP 16641 EP 16653 DI 10.1021/bi00051a012 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TM605 UT WOS:A1995TM60500012 PM 8527437 ER PT J AU Jeglinski, SA Amir, O Wei, X Vardeny, ZV Shinar, J Cerkvenik, T Chen, W Barton, TJ AF Jeglinski, SA Amir, O Wei, X Vardeny, ZV Shinar, J Cerkvenik, T Chen, W Barton, TJ TI Symmetric light emitting devices from poly(p-di ethynylene phenylene) (p-di phenylene vinylene) derivatives SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Light emitting devices were fabricated from 2,5-dialkoxy derivatives of poly(p-di ethynylene phenylene-p-di phenylene vinylene) (PDEPDPV) sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) and Al. The current-voltage (I-V) curve, electroluminescence (EL) intensity-voltage (I-EL-V) curve, and the EL spectra were identical in forward and reverse bias. The I-V curves were also symmetric under: illumination, with I approximate to 0 and V=0, suggesting a negligibly small internal electric field. At high bias voltage, carrier injection was found to be dominated by tunneling at the interfaces. At low bias voltage, tunneling among localized states at the Fermi level prevailed. The behavior is discussed in relation to Fermi-level pinning at defect states in the interfaces with the ITO and Al. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV UTAH, DEPT PHYS, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, US DOE, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 26 BP 3960 EP 3962 DI 10.1063/1.114418 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TX516 UT WOS:A1995TX51600043 ER PT J AU Siegal, MP Venturini, EL Newcomer, PP Morosin, B Overmyer, DL Dominguez, F Dunn, R AF Siegal, MP Venturini, EL Newcomer, PP Morosin, B Overmyer, DL Dominguez, F Dunn, R TI Enhancement of the superconducting properties of TlBa2CaCu2O7+delta thin films via postannealing SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB The superconducting properties of TlBa2CaCu2O7+delta(Tl-1212) films are greatly enhanced by annealing in unreactive ambients such as nitrogen at temperatures ranging from T-a=250-600 degrees C. The transition temperature, T-c of these Tl-1212 films as-grown in oxygen is 70 K. Annealing for 1 h at 250 degrees C elevates T-c above 90 K. T-c further increases and sharpens for T-a=600 degrees C. In addition, subtle changes occur in the microstructure correlating with improved critical current density. These results indicate that Tl-1212 films may be of greater relevance for electronics applications than previously believed. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. RP Siegal, MP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 26 BP 3966 EP 3968 DI 10.1063/1.114420 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TX516 UT WOS:A1995TX51600045 ER PT J AU Marudachalam, M Hichri, H Klenk, R Birkmire, RW Shafarman, WN Schultz, JM AF Marudachalam, M Hichri, H Klenk, R Birkmire, RW Shafarman, WN Schultz, JM TI Preparation of homogeneous Cu(InGa)Se-2 films by selenization of metal precursors in H2Se atmosphere SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Homogenous single phase Cu(InGa)Se-2 films with Ga/(In+Ga)=0.25-0.75 were formed by reacting Cu-Ga-In precursor films in H2Se followed by an anneal in Ar. X-ray diffraction and Auger analysis show that the metal precursors reacted only in H2Se were multiphase films having a layered CuInSe2/CuGaSe2 structure. Solar cells made with the multiphase films have properties similar to CuInSe2 devices. Cells made with the annealed single phase films behave like Cu(InGa)Se-2 devices with the band gap expected for the precursor composition. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Marudachalam, M (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,UNIV CTR EXCELLENCE PHOTOVOLTAIC RES & EDUC,US DOE,INST ENERGY CONVERS,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 7 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 26 BP 3978 EP 3980 DI 10.1063/1.114424 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TX516 UT WOS:A1995TX51600049 ER PT J AU Walker, JS Picologlou, BF AF Walker, JS Picologlou, BF TI Liquid-metal flow in an insulated rectangular expansion with a strong transverse magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID WALLS; DUCT AB This paper concerns a steady liquid-metal flow through an expansion or contraction with electrically insulated walls, with rectangular cross-sections and with a uniform, transverse, externally applied magnetic field. One pair of duct walls is parallel to the applied magnetic field, and the other pair diverges or converges symmetrically about a plane which is perpendicular to the field. The magnetic field is assumed to be sufficiently strong that inertial effects can be neglected and that the well-known Hartmann-layer solution is valid for the boundary layers on the walls which are not parallel to the magnetic field. A general treatment of three-dimensional flows in constant-area ducts is presented. An error in the solution of Walker et al. (1972) is corrected. A smooth expansion between two different constant-area ducts is treated. In the expansion the flow is concentrated inside the boundary layers on the sides which are parallel to the magnetic field, while the flow at the centre of the duct is very small and may be negative for a large expansion slope. In each constant-area duct, the flow evolves from a concentration near the sides at the junction with the expansion to the appropriate fully developed flow far upstream or downstream of the expansion. The pressure drop associated with the three-dimensional flow increases as the slope Increases. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,TECHNOL DEV DIV,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Walker, JS (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH & IND ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 305 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1017/S0022112095004563 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA TR011 UT WOS:A1995TR01100006 ER PT J AU Breitenbach, JB Wood, JL Jarrio, M Braga, RA Carter, HK Kormicki, J Semmes, PB AF Breitenbach, JB Wood, JL Jarrio, M Braga, RA Carter, HK Kormicki, J Semmes, PB TI The decays of mass-separated Nd-133m,g to Pr-133 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE radioactivity Nd-133 (beta(+)), (EC) [from Mo-92(Ti-46, 4pn), E=246 MeV]; measured E(gamma), I-gamma, I-(ce), gamma gamma(t), e gamma(t), (gamma Xray(t), (eX-ray(t); Nd-133m (beta(+)), (EC) [from Mo-92(Ti-46, 3p2n)Pm-133(beta(+)), E=246 MeV]; measured T-1/2, E(gamma), I-gamma, I-(ce), gamma gamma(t), e(gamma)(t), (gamma X-ray)(t), deduced beta(+) EC, log f(t), Q(EC); Pr-133 deduced levels, J, pi, ICC, gamma-multipolarity; hyperpure Ge, Si(Li) detectors, mass-separated sources ID HIGH-SPIN STRUCTURE; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; LIGHT; TRANSITION; TABLE AB The decays of Nd-133m(J(pi) = 1/2(+)) and Nd-133g(J(pi) = 7/2(+)) to Pr-133 have been studied with mass-separated sources from the UNISOR facility. Multiscaled spectra of gamma-rays, X-rays, and conversion electrons, as well as gamma gamma t, gamma Xt, e gamma t, and eXt coincidences were obtained. A decay scheme for Nd-133g has been constructed consisting of 49 excited states and 153 transitions in (133)pr. The beta decay of the isomer, Nd-133m(J(pi) = 1/2(+)), is reported for the first time. A decay scheme has been constructed with 13 excited states and 26 transitions in Pr-133. This isomer decays predominantly by an allowed beta decay to an excited state at 402.8 keV in Pr-133. The low-energy structure of Pr is discussed in terms of the particle-plus-triaxial-rotor model and the onset of deformation in the region bounded by Z greater than or equal to 58, N less than or equal to 76. The pi[411]3/2 configuration is suggested as the ground state of Pr-133, and a low-lying pi[413]5/2 bandhead is also proposed. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30332. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CHEM & BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30332. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505. RP Breitenbach, JB (reprint author), UNISOR,OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 595 IS 4 BP 481 EP 498 DI 10.1016/0375-9474(95)00366-5 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA TM359 UT WOS:A1995TM35900002 ER PT J AU Ichinose, S AF Ichinose, S TI Renormalization of two-dimensional R(2)-gravity (vol 445, pg 311, 1995) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Correction, Addition ID 2-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM-GRAVITY; RANDOM SURFACES; 2 DIMENSIONS; ARBITRARY DIMENSIONS; NONCRITICAL STRINGS; FIELD-THEORY; EXPONENTS; MODELS C1 UNIV SHIZUOKA,DEPT PHYS,SHIZUOKA 422,JAPAN. RP Ichinose, S (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. RI Ichinose, Shoichi/E-8277-2013 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 457 IS 3 BP 688 EP 703 DI 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00581-1 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TM325 UT WOS:A1995TM32500008 ER PT J AU Krassig, B Jung, M Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP LeBrun, T Southworth, SH Young, L AF Krassig, B Jung, M Gemmell, DS Kanter, EP LeBrun, T Southworth, SH Young, L TI Nondipolar asymmetries of photoelectron angular distributions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; POLARIZATION CORRELATIONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; RETARDATION; MULTIPOLE AB We have measured the nondipolar contribution to the Ar Is photoelectron angular distribution over the 30-2000 eV electron-energy range. The nondipolar interaction results in a forward or backward asymmetry with respect to the photon beam. The asymmetry is directed backward near threshold, is symmetric near 230 eV, and becomes increasingly forward directed at higher energies. The measured asymmetries are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations, which include interference between the electric-dipole and electric-quadrupole photoionization amplitudes. RP Krassig, B (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 28 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 26 BP 4736 EP 4739 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4736 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TL677 UT WOS:A1995TL67700005 ER PT J AU Bian, RX Dunn, RC Xie, XS Leung, PT AF Bian, RX Dunn, RC Xie, XS Leung, PT TI Single molecule emission characteristics in near-field microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; FORCE AB In near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), the measured fluorescence lifetime of a single dye molecule can be shortened or lengthened, sensitively dependent on the relative position between the molecule and aluminum coated fiber tip. The modified lifetimes and other emission characteristics are simulated by solving Maxwell equations with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The 2D computation reveals insight into the lifetime behaviors and provides guidance for nonperturbative spectroscopic measurements with NSOM. This new methodology is capable of predicting molecular emission properties in front of a metal/dielectric interface of arbitrary geometry. C1 PORTLAND STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PORTLAND, OR 97207 USA. RP Bian, RX (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 209 Z9 211 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 25 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 26 BP 4772 EP 4775 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4772 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TL677 UT WOS:A1995TL67700014 ER PT J AU Pickard, GE Sollars, PJ Rinchik, EM Nolan, PM Bucan, M AF Pickard, GE Sollars, PJ Rinchik, EM Nolan, PM Bucan, M TI Mutagenesis and behavioral screening for altered circadian activity identifies the mouse mutant, Wheels SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; RHYTHMS; PERIOD; CLOCK; TRANSCRIPTION; ENTRAINMENT; PACEMAKER; GENETICS; LIGHT AB The molecular processes underlying the generation of circadian behavior in mammals are virtually unknown. To identify genes that regulate or alter circadian activity rhythms, a mouse mutagenesis program was initiated in conjunction with behavioral screening for alterations in circadian period (tau), a fundamental property of the biological clock. Male mice of the inbred BALB/c strain, treated with the potent mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea were mated with wild-type hybrids. Wheel-running activity of approximate to 300 male progeny was monitored for 6-10 weeks under constant dark (DD) conditions. The tau(DD) of a single mouse (#187) was longer than the population mean by more than three standard deviations (24.20 vs. 23.32 +/- 0.02 h; mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 277). In addition, mouse #187 exhibited other abnormal phenotypes, including hyperactive bi-directional circling/spinning activity and an abnormal response to light. Heterozygous progeny of the founder mouse, generated from outcrossings with wild-type C57BL/6J mice, displayed lengthened tau(DD) although approximate to 20% of the animals showed no wheel-running activity despite being quite active. Under light:dark conditions, all animals displaying circling behavior that ran in the activity wheels exhibited robust wheel-running activity at lights-ON and these animals also showed enhanced wheel-running activity in constant light conditions. The genetic dissection of the complex behavior associated with this mutation was facilitated by the previously described genetic mapping of the mutant locus causing circling behavior, designated Wheels (Whl), to the subcentromeric portion of mouse chromosome 4. In this report, the same locus is shown to be responsible for the abnormal responses to light and presumably for the altered circadian behavior. Characterization of the gene altered in the novel Whl mutation will contribute to understanding the molecular elements involved in mammalian circadian regulation. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,SCH MED,CTR SLEEP & RESP NEUROBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Pickard, GE (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,415 CURIE BLVD,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. OI Nolan, Patrick/0000-0001-5550-0334 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 47501] NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD DEC 24 PY 1995 VL 705 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01171-4 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA TQ998 UT WOS:A1995TQ99800031 PM 8821757 ER PT J AU Jones, JA Pines, A AF Jones, JA Pines, A TI Berry dephasing due to diffusion in nuclear quadrupole resonance SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAUGE STRUCTURE; PHASE; NMR AB Berry's phase can give rise to coherence dephasing in optically detected nuclear quadrupole resonance of gaseous Xe-131. Diffusion of xenon atoms around a toroidal container should cause incoherent acquisition of Berry's phase, with consequent loss of phase coherence between atoms. This leads to signal loss which is equivalent to spin relaxation. The rate of dephasing is calculated by two different methods: first, using an exact treatment of diffusion, and secondly, using average propagators. Berry dephasing is predicted to be an important relaxation mechanism in this system. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Jones, Jonathan/E-4585-2011 OI Jones, Jonathan/0000-0003-1862-587X NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 247 IS 3 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01218-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TL671 UT WOS:A1995TL67100004 ER PT J AU Wiedmann, RT White, MG LefebvreBrion, H CossartMagos, C AF Wiedmann, RT White, MG LefebvreBrion, H CossartMagos, C TI Rotational analysis of the threshold photoelectron spectra of room temperature and jet-cooled CO2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR RYDBERG STATES; FIELD-IONIZATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; RESOLVED PHOTOIONIZATION; FORCED AUTOIONIZATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY; LIFETIMES AB The rotational structure associated with (X) over tilde (2) Pi(g) (000) ground ionic state of CO2+ has been investigated by threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and semiempirical calculations based on the distribution of Rydberg state levels at n = 2000. The calculations are in very good agreement with the rotationally resolved spectra for the (X) over tilde (2) Pi(g,3/2) and (X) over tilde (2) Pi(g,1/2) spin-orbit levels for both room temperature and supersonically cooled ground state CO2. Intensity anomalies are partly explained by decay mechanisms involving rotational and spin-orbit autoionization. (C) 1994 American Institute of Physics. C1 INST PHYSICOCHIM MOLEC,CNRS,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP Wiedmann, RT (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 24 BP 10417 EP 10423 DI 10.1063/1.469890 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TL517 UT WOS:A1995TL51700002 ER PT J AU Hayden, CC Chandler, DW AF Hayden, CC Chandler, DW TI Femtosecond time-resolved studies of coherent vibrational Raman scattering in large gas-phase molecules SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUB-DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL COHERENCE; TRANS-HEXATRIENE; PICOSECOND CARS; EXCITED-STATE; RELAXATION; BENZENE; SPECTRA; POLARIZATION; NAPHTHALENE AB Results are presented from femtosecond time-resolved coherent Raman experiments in which we excite and monitor vibrational coherence in gas-phase samples of benzene and 1,3,5-hexatriene. Different physical mechanisms for coherence decay are seen in these two molecules. In benzene, where the Raman polarizability is largely isotropic, the Q branch of the vibrational Raman spectrum is the primary feature excited. Molecules in different rotational states have different e-branch transition frequencies due to vibration-rotation interaction. Thus, the macroscopic polarization that is observed in these experiments decays because it has many frequency components from molecules in different rotational states, and these frequency components go out of phase with each other. In 1,3,5-hexatriene, the Raman excitation produces molecules in a coherent superposition of rotational states, through (O, P, R, and S branch) transitions that are strong due to the large anisotropy of the Raman polarizability. The coherent superposition of rotational states corresponds to initially spatially oriented, vibrationally excited, molecules that are freely rotating. The rotation of molecules away from the initial orientation is primarily responsible for the coherence decay in this case. These experiments produce large (similar to 10% efficiency) Raman shifted signals with modest excitation pulse energies (10 mu J) demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for a variety of gasphase studies. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. RP Hayden, CC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 32 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 24 BP 10465 EP 10472 DI 10.1063/1.469896 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TL517 UT WOS:A1995TL51700008 ER PT J AU Lillard, SJ Yeung, ES Lautamo, RMA Mao, DT AF Lillard, SJ Yeung, ES Lautamo, RMA Mao, DT TI Separation of hemoglobin variants in single human erythrocytes by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; DIABETIC SUBJECTS AB Single human red blood cells, in which the hemoglobin (Hb) molecules exist in their native, tetrameric states, were analyzed. Upon injection and lysis of a cell, the tetramers were dissociated on-column into their respective polypeptide chains, separated, and detected by laser-induced native fluorescence detection with 275-nm excitation. This technique was applied to the determination of hemoglobin variants as found in adult (normal and elevated Hb A(1)) and fetal erythrocytes. Normal adult cells contained 9.6% and 4.8% glycated beta- and alpha-chains, respectively. Cells with elevated Hb A(1) gave 30% and 12%, respectively. The amounts of glycated Hb and total Hb in a given cell were found to be uncorrelated. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. J&W SCI,FOLSOM,CA. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 718 IS 2 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00702-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TN418 UT WOS:A1995TN41800017 PM 8589821 ER PT J AU ARNDTSEN, BA BERGMAN, RG AF ARNDTSEN, BA BERGMAN, RG TI UNUSUALLY MILD AND SELECTIVE HYDROCARBON C-H BOND ACTIVATION WITH POSITIVELY CHARGED IRIDIUM(III) COMPLEXES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE ADDITION; INTERMOLECULAR ACTIVATION; SATURATED-HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIC METALATION; UNUSUAL REACTIVITY; METHANE; ALKANE; ALKYL; CHEMISTRY; METHYL AB Certain transition metal complexes can read to break normally inert carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds, but these metal-based processes typically require photochemistry or elevated temperatures. In addition, most are unselective toward complicated functionalized substrates, which has limited their synthetic usefulness. The cationic iridium complex Cp*(P(CH3)(3))lr(CH3)(ClCH2Cl)(BArf-)-B-+ [Cp* = eta(5)-C-5(CH3)(5), BArf = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)(2))(4)] can thermally activate methane and terminal alkanes at unprecedentedly mild temperatures (10 degrees C). This complex will also induce C-H activation reactions in various functionalized substrates at ambient temperatures. High steric and electronic selectivity is observed, leading invariably to only one reaction product; the initial C-H activation reaction is typically followed by rapid metal-based rearrangements (that is, functionalization). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 48 TC 352 Z9 353 U1 4 U2 67 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5244 BP 1970 EP 1973 DI 10.1126/science.270.5244.1970 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TL420 UT WOS:A1995TL42000035 ER PT J AU SIGL, G LEE, S SCHRAMM, DN BHATTACHARJEE, P AF SIGL, G LEE, S SCHRAMM, DN BHATTACHARJEE, P TI A GAP IN THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC-RAY SPECTRUM AS A SIGNATURE OF UNIFICATION SCALE PHYSICS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS; ORIGIN AB Recent experimental data seem to indicate that there is significant structure in the cosmic ray spectrum above 10(18) electron volts (eV). Besides a dip at similar to 5 x 10(18) eV, two events above 2 10(20) eV have been observed. The implications for the existence of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff, a long-lasting and still open question in cosmic ray physics, are discussed. This cutoff at a few times 10(19) eV, caused by energy losses in the cosmic microwave background, has been predicted to occur in most acceleration models involving extragalactic sources. An acceleration origin of particles above 10(20) eV within a few megaparsecs cannot be ruled out yet. However, persistence of the apparent gap in the existing data at a quadrupled total exposure would rule out many acceleration models at the 99 percent Confidence level for any source distance. Particles above 10(20) eV might then be directly produced by decay from some higher energy scale in contrast to acceleration of charged particles. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510. INDIAN INST ASTROPHYS,BANGALORE 560034,KARNATAKA,INDIA. RP SIGL, G (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. OI Sigl, Guenter/0000-0002-4396-645X NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5244 BP 1977 EP 1980 DI 10.1126/science.270.5244.1977 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TL420 UT WOS:A1995TL42000037 ER PT J AU Kalakkad, DS Shroff, MD Kohler, S Jackson, N Datye, AK AF Kalakkad, DS Shroff, MD Kohler, S Jackson, N Datye, AK TI Attrition of precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; precipitated iron catalysts, attrition of; transmission electron microscopy, of iron catalysts; scanning electron microscopy, of iron catalysts; catalyst microstructure ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BEHAVIOR; OXIDE; HYDROGENATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB A precipitated, doubly promoted, iron oxide catalyst was studied to elucidate phenomena that may lead to catalyst attrition during slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst was examined by electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), electron and X-ray diffraction, sedigraph particle size analysis and BET surface area measurements. The catalyst undergoes attrition both at the micro- as well as the nano-length scales. On the micro-scale, this involves a breakup of ca. 30 mu m spherical agglomerates into ca. 1 mu m particles, a process that can be initiated even by the mixing that occurs in the sedigraph analyzer. On the nano-scale, we find that exposure of the catalyst to CO at increasing temperatures transforms single crystals of alpha-Fe2O3 into Fe3O4 and ultimately to Fe-carbide, with rounded particles as small as ca, 20 nm. The details of phase transformations and the resulting crystallite morphology and size distribution could play a major role in influencing the overall attrition resistance of precipitated iron oxide catalysts. In this paper, we describe the effects of the CO activation temperature on catalyst structure at the micro- and nano-scales. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. SANDIA NATL LABS,PROC TECHNOL DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. OI Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659 NR 23 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 133 IS 2 BP 335 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0926-860X(95)00200-6 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TM256 UT WOS:A1995TM25600012 ER PT J AU Sheldon, AL Meffe, GK AF Sheldon, AL Meffe, GK TI Short-term recolonization by fishes of experimentally defaunated pools of a coastal plain stream SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BLACKWATER STREAMS; LOTIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; NOTROPIS-LUTIPINNIS; YELLOWFIN SHINERS; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; RATES; RIVER; COMMUNITIES AB Fishes were removed from pools in a South Carolina stream to observe subsequent recolonization patterns and development of community structure. Recolonization, measured between two and 32 days, was rapid; and downstream sites attained preexperimental density, richness, and proportional composition by day 32. However, recovery of upstream sites was incomplete in that time. Species colonized in proportion to abundance, and rare species returned later; both of these results are interpreted as simple proportional sampling of a mobile fauna. In a longer experiment, defaunated pools did not differ from controls; and density, richness, and composition showed no temporal trend over 31-63 days. Movement, measured by directional trapping, was dominated by spawning yellowfin shiners (Notropis lutipinnis), but 16 of 26 species present were trapped, demonstrating active movement by much of the fauna. Rapid recolonization of defaunated areas is plausibly explained by a combination of high mobility and equilibrium with source populations. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. RP Sheldon, AL (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,DIV BIOL SCI,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 21 PY 1995 IS 4 BP 828 EP 837 DI 10.2307/1447031 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM634 UT WOS:A1995TM63400006 ER PT J AU Scribner, KT Morreale, SJ Smith, MH Gibbons, JW AF Scribner, KT Morreale, SJ Smith, MH Gibbons, JW TI Factors contributing to temporal and age-specific genetic variation in the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta. SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGI; NESTING ECOLOGY; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; POPULATIONS; REPRODUCTION; DEMOGRAPHY; SUCCESS C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 21 PY 1995 IS 4 BP 970 EP 977 DI 10.2307/1447048 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM634 UT WOS:A1995TM63400023 ER PT J AU DarbyDowman, K Fink, FK Mitra, G Smith, JW AF DarbyDowman, K Fink, FK Mitra, G Smith, JW TI An intelligent system for US coast guard cutter scheduling SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE integer programming; knowledge based systems; modelling; optimization; scheduling; ships AB A software system developed for the United States Coast Guard for producing a day to day schedule for a fleet of ships over a one year period is presented. The development process from knowledge elicitation through model building to the analysis of computational performance is addressed and the position of scheduling within a taxonomy of decision problems is discussed with reference to appropriate methodology. A schedule generator and a discrete optimisation model lie at the heart of the system and a diagnostic analyzer is incorporated to deal with various subjective and objective issues. The design philosophy and the integration in a database information support system is discussed. In addition to its tactical uses the system is increasingly used as a strategic investigative tool. C1 BRUNEL UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH,MIDDX,ENGLAND. LOCKHEED IDAHO TECHNOL CO,IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. US COAST GUARD,CTR RES & DEV,GROTON,CT 06340. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 87 IS 3 BP 574 EP 585 DI 10.1016/0377-2217(95)00231-6 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA TM013 UT WOS:A1995TM01300025 ER PT J AU Kumar, KS Hughes, EW Holmes, R Souder, PA AF Kumar, KS Hughes, EW Holmes, R Souder, PA TI Precision low energy weak neutral current experiments SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Review ID NONCONSERVING OPTICAL-ROTATION; ATOMIC PARITY VIOLATION; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; CONTACT INTERACTIONS; POLARIZED ELECTRONS; SCATTERING; SEARCH; CESIUM; LIMITS AB Precision measurements of weak neutral current amplitudes at Q(2) >> MZ 2 are a sensitive probe of contact interactions arising from new high energy physics. Such measurements significantly enhance the analysis of precision data on the Z(0) resonance, permitting tests of the running of the electroweak coupling constants. The behavior of the coupling constants as a function of Q(2) can reveal the presence of many possible new physics scenarios, such as new gauge bosons, superparticles and substructure; some of these effects are difficult to observe on the Z(0) pole. In order to probe energy scales up to 1 TeV, future low Q(2) measurements must be precise enough to measure electroweak radiative corrections. Two experimental programs which aim to reach this sensitivity are deep inelastic neutrino nucleon scattering and atomic parity violation experiments. Another important technique is polarized electron scattering off unpolarized targets. We review the current status and future prospects of such measurements. We present an experimental design to measure the left-right parity violating asymmetry in polarized Moller scattering (e(-)e(-) --> e(-)e(-)), which could constitute the most precise measurement of the weak mixing angle sin(2) theta(W)(M(Z)) at Q(2) << M(Z)(2). C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP Kumar, KS (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 39 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 39 BP 2979 EP 2992 DI 10.1142/S0217732395003112 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA TR282 UT WOS:A1995TR28200001 ER PT J AU KRAUSS, RM CHAIT, A STONE, NJ AF KRAUSS, RM CHAIT, A STONE, NJ TI SOY PROTEIN AND SERUM-LIPIDS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RP KRAUSS, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 25 BP 1715 EP 1716 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TL401 UT WOS:A1995TL40100027 PM 7477239 ER PT J AU Lipkin, HJ AF Lipkin, HJ TI Beauty for pedestrians: Toy models for CP violation and baryon asymmetry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, UK Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Inst Phys, LeCroy Ltd, Blackwells Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL AB In this paper, toy models are presented which address: 1) How CPT and Delta I = 1/2 make life difficult in kaon physics by requiring equal K+/- total widths and also equal partial widths to many exclusive channels; 2) How to understand and get around CPT restrictions; 3) How CP asymmetries can occur in exclusive partial widths and still add up to equal total widths; 4) Sakharov's 1966 scenario for how CP violation and proton decay can explain baryon asymmetry; 5) How B physics can help. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Lipkin, HJ (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PARTICLE PHYS,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 36 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)01274-5 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TN646 UT WOS:A1995TN64600005 ER PT J AU McBride, P Stone, S AF McBride, P Stone, S TI B-s mixing via psi(K)over-bar* SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, UK Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Inst Phys, LeCroy Ltd, Blackwells Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL AB The decay mode B-s --> psi K--* is suggested as a very good way to measure the B, mixing parameter x(s). These decays can be gathered using a psi --> l(+)l(-) trigger This final state has a well resolved four track decay vertex, useful for good time resolution and background rejection. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. RP McBride, P (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 38 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00867-5 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TN646 UT WOS:A1995TN64600006 ER PT J AU Yun, JC AF Yun, JC TI B physics results at CDF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, UK Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Inst Phys, LeCroy Ltd, Blackwells Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL ID CP ASYMMETRIES; DECAYS; MESONS AB In this paper we present B physics results from 1.8 TeV proton-antiproton collisions recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). Measurements of the B meson masses, lifetimes, (BBo)-B-o mixing, and polarizations are described. The prospects for measuring CP violation with the upgraded Fermilab collider and CDF detector are also briefly described. RP Yun, JC (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)01041-6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TN646 UT WOS:A1995TN64600012 ER PT J AU Butler, JN AF Butler, JN TI B physics at the Fermilab Tevatron after the year 2000 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, UK Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Inst Phys, LeCroy Ltd, Blackwells Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL AB The requirements for second-generation B experiments at hadron colliders are discussed. The prospects for mounting such an experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider are reviewed. Early results from a design study which is intended to produce an optimum detector for the Tevatron are presented. RP Butler, JN (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00882-9 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TN646 UT WOS:A1995TN64600019 ER PT J AU Tkaczyk, SM AF Tkaczyk, SM TI Operational experience with CDF silicon microvertex detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, UK Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Inst Phys, LeCroy Ltd, Blackwells Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL AB Silicon microstrip detectors have been used very successfully to study long-lived particles produced in pp collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron. Two such detectors were constructed and operated at the CDF experiment during the last two collider runs. The design, performance and operation of the detectors are described. RP Tkaczyk, SM (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00883-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TN646 UT WOS:A1995TN64600024 ER PT J AU Cooper, WE AF Cooper, WE TI The DO silicon tracker SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on B-Physics at Hadron Machines CY JUL 10-14, 1995 CL UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, UK Particle Phys & Astron Res Council, UK Inst Phys, LeCroy Ltd, Blackwells Ltd HO UNIV OXFORD, WADHAM COLL AB The upgrade of the DO detector for Run II of the Fermilab collider includes a silicon tracker, a new scintillating-fiber-based central tracking system, a 2 T superconducting solenoid, and scintillator-based preshower detectors. The design and predicted performance of the silicon tracker are described. RP Cooper, WE (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 368 IS 1 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00987-6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TN646 UT WOS:A1995TN64600028 ER PT J AU Chasman, RR AF Chasman, RR TI Very extended shapes in the A similar to 156 mass region SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERDEFORMATION; NUCLEI AB Calculations have been carried out in a four dimensional deformation space to investigate a possible observation of hyperdeformed nuclear shapes in Dy-152 and/or Dy-153. Th, calculations suggest that the explanation of the experimental observations is not a hyperdeformed shape. An analysis of somewhat heavier nuclei shows minima characterized by rotational bands having moments of inertia similar to 10-15% larger than that of the well known superdeformed band in Dy-152. RP Chasman, RR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 364 IS 3 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01257-5 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TM466 UT WOS:A1995TM46600001 ER PT J AU Buchalla, G Dunietz, I Yamamoto, H AF Buchalla, G Dunietz, I Yamamoto, H TI Hadronization of b->c(c)over-bar-s SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID B-MESONS; NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; HEAVY MESONS AB The b --> c (c) over bar s transition is usually believed to hadronize predominantly in (B) over bar --> X(c)D(s)((*)-) with the D-s((*)-) originating from the virtual W. We demonstrate in a variety of independent ways that other hadronization processes cannot be neglected. The invariant mass of (c) over bar s has sizable phase-space beyond m(D) + m(K). The rate for (B) over bar --> D (D) over bar (K) over bar X could be significant and should not be ignored as was done in previous experimental analyses. We estimate the number of charmed hadrons per B-decay, n(c), to be approximate to 1.3 to higher accuracy than obtained in previous investigations. Even though n(c) is currently measured to be about 1.1, observing a significant (B) over bar --> D (D) over bar (K) over bar X would support n(c) approximate to 1.3. Many testable consequences result, some of which we discuss. C1 HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Buchalla, G (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 21 PY 1995 VL 364 IS 3 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01296-6 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TM466 UT WOS:A1995TM46600008 ER PT J AU COPI, CJ SCHRAMM, DN TURNER, MS AF COPI, CJ SCHRAMM, DN TURNER, MS TI BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND A NEW APPROACH TO GALACTIC CHEMICAL EVOLUTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, THEORY; GALAXY, ABUNDANCES; GALAXY, EVOLUTION; ISM, ABUNDANCES; NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ABUNDANCES ID PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; LIGHT ELEMENTS; DEUTERIUM; ORIGIN; STARS; RATIO AB Big bang production of deuterium is the best indicator of the baryon density; however, only the present abundance of D is known (and only locally) and its chemical evolution is intertwined with that of He-3. Because Galactic abundances are spatially heterogeneous, mean chemical-evolution models are not well suited for extrapolating the pre-solar D and He-3 abundances to their primeval values. We introduce a new approach which explicitly addresses heterogeneity by statistically tracing the history of the pre-solar material back to its primeval beginning. We show that the decade-old concordance interval eta approximate to (2-8)x10(-10) based on D and He-3 is well founded. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP COPI, CJ (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 2 BP L95 EP L98 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TK126 UT WOS:A1995TK12600001 ER PT J AU CHEN, CI TAYLOR, RT AF CHEN, CI TAYLOR, RT TI THERMOPHILIC BIODEGRADATION OF BTEX BY 2 THERMUS SPECIES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE BIODEGRADATION; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; BTEX; THERMOPHILE; THERMUS; METABOLISM ID SULFATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER; ARVILLA MT-2; DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; TOL PLASMID; TOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION AB Two thermophilic bacteria, Thermus aquaticus ATCC 25104 and Thermus species ATCC 27978, were investigated for their abilities to degrade BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes). Thermus aquaticus and the Thermus sp, were grown in a nominal medium at 70 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively, and resting cell suspensions were used to study BTEX biodegradation at the same corresponding temperatures. The degradation of BTEX by these cell suspensions was measured in sealed serum bottles against controls that also displayed significant abiotic removals of BTEX under such high-temperature conditions. For T. aquaticus at a suspension density of only 1.3 x 10(7) cells/mL and an aqueous total BTEX concentration of 2.04 mg/L (0.022 mM), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and an unresolved mixture of o-and p-xylenes were biodegraded by 10, 12, 18, 20, and 20%, respectively, after 45 days of incubation at 70 degrees C. For the Thermus sp, at a suspension density of 1.1 x 10(7) cells/mL and an aqueous total BTEX concentration of 6.98 mg/L (0.079 mM), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, and the unresolved mixture of o- and p-xylenes were biodegraded by 40, 35, 32, 33, and 33%, respectively, after 45 days of incubation at 60 degrees C. Raising the BTEX concentrations lowered the extents of biodegradation. The biodegradations of both benzene and toluene were enhanced when T. aquaticus and the Thermus sp. were pregrown on catechol and o-cresol, respectively as carbon sources. Use of [U-C-14]benzene and [ring-C-14]toluene verified that a small fraction of these two compounds was metabolized within 7 days to water-soluble products and CO2 by these nongrowing cell suspensions. Our investigation also revealed that the nominal medium can be simplified by eliminating the yeast extract and using a higher tryptone concentration (0.2%) without affecting the growth and BTEX degrading activities of these cells. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP CHEN, CI (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,ENVIRONM MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOL FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 48 IS 6 BP 614 EP 624 DI 10.1002/bit.260480609 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TF749 UT WOS:A1995TF74900008 PM 18623530 ER PT J AU SKEEN, RS GAO, JW HOOKER, BS AF SKEEN, RS GAO, JW HOOKER, BS TI KINETICS OF CHLORINATED ETHYLENE DEHALOGENATION UNDER METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE METHANOGENIC ACTIVITY; ETHYLENE; DECHLORINATION ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BACTERIA; MODEL; BIOTRANSFORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; DEGRADATION AB Kinetics were determined for methanogenic activity and chlorinated ethylene dehalogenation by a methanol-enriched, anaerobic sediment consortium. The culture reductively dechlorinated perchloroethylene (PCE) to trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), vinylchloride (VC), and ethylene and ethane. The absence of methanol or the addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid in the presence of methanol suppressed both methanogenic activity and dechlorination. In contrast, acetate production continued in the presence of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid. These results suggest that dechlorination was strongly linked to methane formation and not to acetate production. A kinetic model, developed to describe both methanogenesis and dechlorination, successfully predicted experimentally measured concentrations of biomass, methane, substrate, and chlorinated ethylenes. The average maximum specific dehalogenation rates for PCE, TCE, 1,1-DCE, and VC were 0.9 +/- 0.6, 0.4 +/- 0.1, 12 +/- 0.1, and 2.5 +/- 1.7 mu mol contaminant/ g . DW/day, respectively. This pattern for dechlorination rates is distinctly different than that reported for transition metal cofactors, where rates drop by approximately one order of magnitude as each successive chlorine is removed. The experimental results and kinetic analysis suggest that it will be impractical to targeting methanol consuming methanogenic organisms for in situ groundwater restoration. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP SKEEN, RS (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, BATTELLE BLVD,POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 48 IS 6 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.1002/bit.260480614 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TF749 UT WOS:A1995TF74900013 PM 18623535 ER PT J AU Schoonover, JR Bates, WD Meyer, TJ AF Schoonover, JR Bates, WD Meyer, TJ TI Application of resonance Raman spectroscopy to electronic structure in metal complex excited states. Excited-state ordering and electron delocalization in dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz): Complexes of Re(I) and Ru(II) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LIGHT SWITCH; RUTHENIUM(II); SEQUENCE; DNA AB From excitation-dependent resonance Raman measurements on [Ru(dmb)(2)(dppzj](2+) (dmb is 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine: dppz is dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) in CH3CN a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band at 450 nm is Ru-II(d pi) --> dmb(pi*) in character with Ru-II(d pi) --> dppz(pi*) appearing as a shoulder at similar to 490 nm (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine). Excited state measurements show that dppz is the acceptor ligand and point to delocalization of the excited electron over the entire ligand framework. From transient resonance Raman measurements on fac-[Re(dppz)(CO)(3)-(PPh(3))](+) (PPh(3) is triphenylphosphine) and fac-[Re(dppz)(CO)(3)Cl], the lowest excited state in both is dppz-localized (3) pi pi* in character even though the chloro complex is a MLCT emitter. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOSCI & TECHNOL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 18 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 26 BP 6421 EP & DI 10.1021/ic00130a004 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA TM021 UT WOS:A1995TM02100004 ER PT J AU Luo, XL Kubas, GJ Burns, CJ Butcher, RJ Bryan, JC AF Luo, XL Kubas, GJ Burns, CJ Butcher, RJ Bryan, JC TI Synthesis and x-ray crystal structures of {Mo(CO)(Et(2)PC(2)H(4)PEt(2))(2)}(2)(mu-N-2) with an end-on bridging dinitrogen ligand and Mo(CO)(Bu(2)(i)PC(2)H(4)PBu(2)(i))(2) containing an agostic Mo center dot center dot center dot H-C interaction SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; TRANSITION-METAL BONDS; COORDINATED LIGANDS; MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES; R =; SUBSTITUTION; PROTONATION; DIHYDRIDE; MO2(MU-C8ME8)(ETA-C5H5)2; CYCLOOCTATETRAENE AB The compound formed by the reaction of trans-Mo(N-2)(2)(Et(2)PC(2)H(4)PEt(2))(2) with ethyl acetate in refluxing toluene under argon has been reformulated as the bridging dinitrogen complex {Mo(CO)(Et(2)PC(2)H(4)PEt(2))(2)}(2)(mu-N-2) (1), in contrast with the previously proposed formulation of Mo(CO)(Et(2)PC(2)H(4)PEt(2))(2) (2). In refluxing p-xylene and under argon, compound 1 eliminates the bridging dinitrogen ligand to form the nitrogen-free compound 2. The reaction of trans-Mo(N-2)(2)(Bu(2)(i)PC(2)H(4)PBu(2)(i))(2) with ethyl acetate in refluxing toluene under argon gives directly the nitrogen-free compound Mo(CO)(Bu(2)(i)PC(2)H(4)PBu(2)(i))(2) (3). The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 1 contains an end-on bridging dinitrogen ligand. Compound 3 attains a formal 18-electron configuration by virtue of an agostic Mo ... H-C interaction between the molybdenum atom and an aliphatic gamma-C-H bond of the alkyldiphosphine ligand. On the basis of the agostic Mo ... C and Mo ... H distances, the agostic interaction in 3 appears to be stronger than that in the related compound Mo(CO)(Ph(2)PC(2)H(4)PPh(2))(2) which involves an ortho aromatic C-H bond of the diphosphine ligand. Crystallographic data for 1: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 24.270(2) Angstrom, b = 44.233(4) Angstrom, c = 20.378(2) Angstrom, beta = 90.725(9)degrees, V = 21875(3) Angstrom(3), Z = 16, and R = 0.048. Crystallographic data for 3: orthorhombic, space group Pna2(1), a = 18.332(4) Angstrom, b = 22.066(4) Angstrom, c = 10.589(2) Angstrom, V = 4283(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, and R = 0.034. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL, MAIL STOP C346, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 26 BP 6538 EP 6545 DI 10.1021/ic00130a022 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA TM021 UT WOS:A1995TM02100022 ER PT J AU Thottappillil, R Goldberg, JD Rakov, VA Uman, MA Fisher, RJ Schnetzer, GH AF Thottappillil, R Goldberg, JD Rakov, VA Uman, MA Fisher, RJ Schnetzer, GH TI Properties of M components from currents measured at triggered lightning channel base SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FLASHES AB Channel base currents from triggered lightning were measured at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida, during summer 1990 and at Fort McClellan, Alabama, during summer 1991. An analysis of the return stroke data and overall continuing current data has been published by Fisher et al. [1993]. Here an analysis is given of the impulsive processes, called M components, that occur during the continuing current following return strokes. The 14 flashes analyzed contain 37 leader-return stroke sequences and 158 M components, both processes lowering negative charge from cloud to ground. Statistics are presented for the following M current pulse parameters: magnitude, rise time, duration, half-peak width, preceding continuing current level, M interval, elapsed time since the return stroke, and charge transferred by the M current pulse. A typical M component in triggered lightning is characterized by a more or less symmetrical current pulse having an amplitude of 100-200 A (2 orders of magnitude lower than that for a typical return stroke [Fisher et al., 1993]), a 10-90% rise time of 300-500 mu s (3 orders of magnitude larger than that for a typical return stroke [Fisher et al., 1993]), and a charge transfer to ground of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 C (1 order of magnitude smaller than that for a typical subsequent return stroke pulse [Berger et al., 1975]). About one third of M components transferred charge greater than the minimum charge reported by Berger et al. [1975] for subsequent leader-return stroke sequences. No correlation was found between either the M charge or the magnitude of the M component current (the two are moderately correlated) and any other parameter considered. M current pulses occurring soon after the return stroke tend to have shorter rise times, shorter durations, and shorter M intervals than those which occur later. M current pulses were observed to be superimposed on continuing currents greater than 30 A or so, with one exception out of 140 cases, wherein the continuing current level was measured to be about 20 A. The first M component virtually always (one exception out of 34 cases) occurred within 4 ms of the return stroke. This relatively short separation time between return stroke and the first M component, coupled with the observation of Fisher et al. [1993] that continuing currents lasting longer than 10 ms never occur without M current pulses, implies that the M component is a necessary feature of the continuing current mode of charge transfer to ground. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. TOMSK POLYTECH UNIV, HIGH VOLTAGE RES INST, TOMSK, RUSSIA. RI Rakov, Vladimir/A-8775-2009 OI Rakov, Vladimir/0000-0002-4582-9483 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25711 EP 25720 DI 10.1029/95JD02734 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100030 ER PT J AU Lee, YN Zhou, XL Hallock, K AF Lee, YN Zhou, XL Hallock, K TI Atmospheric carbonyl compounds at a rural southeastern United States site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; GAS-PHASE REACTION; RADICAL-INITIATED OXIDATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXY-RADICALS; ISOPRENE; ACIDS; NOX; METHACROLEIN AB Atmospheric concentrations of a series of carbonyl compounds known as formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AC), acetone (AN), glycolaldehyde (GA), glyoxal (GL), methylglyoxal (MG), glyoxylic acid (GD), and pyruvic acid (PD) were measured at a rural site in Georgia in summers of 1991 and 1992. The midafternoon median concentrations, in parts per billion, determined for 1991-1992 were FA, 3.6/3.1; AC, 0.58/0.74; AN, 1.7/1.8; GA, 0.21/0.26; GL, 0.02/0.09; MG, 0.03/0.08; GD, 0.46; and PD, 0.11, the latter two for 1992 only. All of the carbonyls except AC and AN exhibited a strong diurnal dependence, with maxima in the midafternoon and minima during the night, consistent with a rapid in situ photochemical production in the daytime and a loss by dry deposition in a shallow inversion during the night. FA correlated well with O-3, GA and MG, consistent with their photochemical production near the surface at the measurement site. GL and MG showed the strongest correlation among all species, suggesting common origins as well as similar atmospheric lifetimes. The presence of GA, MG, and GL along with FA at the observed relative concentrations are consistent with laboratory developed isoprene oxidation mechanism and the expectation that isoprene represents a major reactive hydrocarbon in this rural region. At the concentrations observed, these carbonyls serve as important radical sources. The contribution of FA accounts for half of that by O-3 and the higher carbonyls approximates half of that by FA. With respect to production of peroxyacetyl nitrate, isoprene contributes as much as acetaldehyde. These results lend further credence to the notion that isoprene plays a pivotal role in photochemical processes, especially in rural environments. RP Lee, YN (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT APPL SCI, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 57 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25933 EP 25944 DI 10.1029/95JD02605 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100047 ER PT J AU Michalsky, JJ Liljegren, JC Harrison, LC AF Michalsky, JJ Liljegren, JC Harrison, LC TI A comparison of sun photometer derivations of total column water vapor and ozone to standard measures of same at the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITABLE WATER AB Total column water vapor measurements made over a 1-year period by colocated instruments at the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program site in northern Oklahoma are compared. Microwave radiometer measurements were validated in an earlier program with extensive comparisons to balloon sonde measurements. Sun photometry, using the multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR), was the second technique used to derive water vapor using the 940-nm water band when no clouds were between the radiometer and the sun. Bruegge et al.'s implementation of Reagan et al.'s modified Langley technique was applied in this case. This approach is noteworthy in that it does not rely on a comparison to a standard for calibration. The comparison of 101 one-half-hour to two-hour averages produced a root-mean-square difference of 0.18 cm compared to a mean value of 1.49 cm, or about 12%, with the MFRSR showing an overall bias of +0.03 cm relative to the microwave radiometer data. This is a somewhat higher rms error than other results using the modified Langley technique, but the comparison was made over the entire range of water vapor columns experienced in a year of observations. As a by-product of the water vapor derivation procedure for the MFRSR, ozone column abundance was estimated. Seasonally averaged, these data compare favorably with Dobson measurements from Nashville, Tennessee, which is near the same latitude. A more definitive conclusion regarding the Sun photometer ozone derivation technique requires colocated ozone measurements using an accepted standard approach, however, the technique appears to provide a useful ozone estimate for correcting aerosol optical depth derivations. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), SUNY ALBANY, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, 100 FULLER RD, ALBANY, NY 12205 USA. NR 27 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 25995 EP 26003 DI 10.1029/95JD02706 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100051 ER PT J AU Nemesure, S Wagener, R Schwartz, SE AF Nemesure, S Wagener, R Schwartz, SE TI Direct shortwave forcing of climate by the anthropogenic sulfate aerosol: Sensitivity to particle size, composition, and relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLOUD ALBEDO; RADIATION BUDGET; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Recent estimates of global or hemispheric average forcing of climate by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol caused by scattering of shortwave radiation (''direct'' effect) are uncertain by somewhat more than a factor of 2. The principal sources of this uncertainty are atmospheric chemistry properties (yield, residence time), and microphysical properties (scattering efficiency, upscatter fraction, and the dependence of these properties on particle size, composition, and relative humidity, (RH)). This paper examines the sensitivity of forcing to these microphysical properties to identify and improve understanding of the properties required to reduce the uncertainty in the forcing. The relations between aerosol loading and forcing developed here are suitable for comparing modeled and measured aerosol forcing at specific locations and for use in climate models, provided aerosol composition and microphysical properties are known, calculated, or assumed. Results are presented showing the dependence of scattering efficiency, upscatter fraction, and normalized forcing (W m(-2)/g(SO42-) m(-2) or W g(SO42-)(-1)) on dry particle size (expressed as mole(sulfate) per particle), composition ((NH4)(2)SO4, NH4HSO4, H2SO4), solar zenith angle, latitude, and season. Forcing is strongly dependent on dry particle size and RH but is relatively insensitive to composition. The normalized forcing can be integrated over a known or assumed size distribution to evaluate the sulfate aerosol forcing. Global and annual average values of the normalized forcing are evaluated as a function of particle size and RH. Depending on values of these variables, normalized forcing may be less than, intermediate to, or greater than the range of previous estimates of sulfate aerosol forcing. RP Nemesure, S (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM, BLDG 426, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Wagener, Richard/B-5445-2008; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008 OI Wagener, Richard/0000-0003-3892-1182; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X NR 30 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D12 BP 26105 EP 26116 DI 10.1029/95JD02897 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TN051 UT WOS:A1995TN05100058 ER PT J AU Terrill, RH Postlethwaite, TA Chen, CH Poon, CD Terzis, A Chen, AD Hutchison, JE Clark, MR Wignall, G Londono, JD Superfine, R Falvo, M Johnson, CS Samulski, ET Murray, RW AF Terrill, RH Postlethwaite, TA Chen, CH Poon, CD Terzis, A Chen, AD Hutchison, JE Clark, MR Wignall, G Londono, JD Superfine, R Falvo, M Johnson, CS Samulski, ET Murray, RW TI Monolayers in three dimensions: NMR, SAXS, thermal, and electron hopping studies of alkanethiol stabilized gold clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE X-RAY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SCATTERING; STATE; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Gold clusters stabilized by chemisorbed monolayers of octane-, dodecane- or hexadecanethiolate have been investigated in solution and in the solid phase. These materials can be pumped free of solvent to form a dark brown solid that can be re-dissolved in nonpolar solvents. Their exceptional stability suggests they be viewed as cluster compounds. The self-assembled alkanethiolate monolayers stabilizing the metal clusters can be investigated using techniques that are insufficiently sensitive for study of a monolayer on a flat surface, e.g., H-1 and C-13 NMR, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). Results from such measurements, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data on solutions of the clusters and images from scanning tunneling (STM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), are consistent with a small, monodisperse (12 Angstrom radius) gold core, which modeled as a sphere contains similar to 400 Au atoms and similar to 126 alkanethiolate chains, or if modeled as a cuboctahedral structure contains 309 Au atoms and similar to 95 alkanethiolate chains. High-resolution NMR spectra of cluster solutions display well-defined resonances except for methylenes nearest the gold interface; the absence of the latter resonances is attributed to a combination of broadening mechanisms based on the discontinuous change in magnetic susceptibility at the metal-hydrocarbon interface and residual dipolar interactions. Films of the dry, solid cluster compound on interdigitated array electrodes exhibit current-potential responses characteristic of electron hopping conductivity in which electrons tunnel from Au core to Au core. The electron hopping rate decreases and the activation barrier increases systematically at longer alkane chain length. The results are consistent with electron transport rate control being a combination of thermally activated electron transfer to create oppositely charged Au cores (cermet theory) and distance-dependent tunneling (beta = 1.2 Angstrom(-1)) through the oriented alkanethiolate layers separating them. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,KENAN LABS CHEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Superfine, Richard/A-1968-2012; Chen, Chun-hsien/G-4817-2010; OI Chen, Chun-hsien/0000-0001-5507-3248; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 60 TC 674 Z9 679 U1 14 U2 185 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 50 BP 12537 EP 12548 DI 10.1021/ja00155a017 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TL733 UT WOS:A1995TL73300017 ER PT J AU Baranyai, A Cummings, PT AF Baranyai, A Cummings, PT TI Self-diffusion in strongly driven flows: A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEWTONIAN FLUID SUBJECT; COUETTE STRAIN FIELD; SHEAR AB The self-diffusion of simple liquids is studied in the presence of strong shear-free flow fields. At the state point of the system the shape of the velocity autocorrelation function is markedly different in the extension or contraction directions of elongation flow. Despite this pronounced directional dependence of the autocorrelation functions, the diagonal elements of the diffusion tensor are more uniform than in the case of planar Couette flow. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, THEORET CHEM LAB, H-1518 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. RP Baranyai, A (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM ENGN, 419 DOUGHERTY ENGN BLDG, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1307 EP 1314 DI 10.1080/00268979500102751 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TM994 UT WOS:A1995TM99400001 ER PT J AU Wang, JX Adzic, RR Magnussen, OM Ocko, BM AF Wang, JX Adzic, RR Magnussen, OM Ocko, BM TI Structural evolution during electrocrystallization: Deposition of Tl on Ag(100) from monolayer to bilayer and to bulk crystallites SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrochemical methods; epitaxy; surface structure; thallium; X-ray scattering ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; PB MONOLAYERS; ELECTRODES; SILVER; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITIONS; ADSORPTION; THALLIUM AB The structure of Tl overlayers deposited at underpotentials and the structure of bulk deposited Tl on Ag(100) in perchloric acid have been determined using surface X-ray scattering. Thallium forms a c(p x 2) close-packed monolayer which compresses uniaxially (p decreasing from 1.185 to 1.168) with decreasing potential. Upon deposition of the second layer, the first layer expands slightly along the incommensurate direction and both layers form a c(1.2 x 2) structure. Bulk deposition at potentials negative of the Nernst potential results in the formation of well aligned hcp Tl crystallites atop the c(1.2 x 2) bilayer. The stability of the bilayer structure in the presence of bulk deposits and its pronounced effects on subsequent epitaxial growth are discussed in terms of strain and interface energies. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV CHEM SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 344 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(95)00835-7 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TP204 UT WOS:A1995TP20400013 ER PT J AU Bartelt, MC Perkins, LS Evans, JW AF Bartelt, MC Perkins, LS Evans, JW TI Transitions in critical size for metal(100) homoepitaxy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter DE epitaxy; models of non-equilibrium phenomena; nucleation; surface diffusion ID NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; GROWTH AB For submonolayer nucleation and growth of islands during metal (100) homoepitaxy, we precisely characterize transitions, with increasing temperature, in the critical size, i, above which islands are effectively stable. For strong adatom bonding, we demonstrate universal crossover behavior from i=1 directly to a well-defined ''i=3'' regime where tetramers are stable, but not, e.g., pentamers. A criterion is also presented for the ultimate breakdown of ''i=3'' due to double-bond scission. Various transition temperatures and key energies are thereby determined for Ag, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pd. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,AMES,IA 50011. RP Bartelt, MC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,IPRT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 20 PY 1995 VL 344 IS 1-2 BP L1193 EP L1199 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA TP204 UT WOS:A1995TP20400001 ER PT J AU Lobrich, M Rydberg, B Cooper, PK AF Lobrich, M Rydberg, B Cooper, PK TI Repair of x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks in specific Not I restriction fragments in human fibroblasts: Joining of correct and incorrect ends SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALLY LETHAL DAMAGE; HUMAN CHROMOSOME-21; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHO-CELLS; LONG ARM; GENE; RECOMBINATION; DEFICIENCY; MUTANTS; MAPS AB An assay that allows measurement of absolute induction frequencies for DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) in defined regions of the genome and that quantitates rejoining of correct DNA ends has been used to study repair of dsbs in normal human fibroblasts after x-irradiation. The approach involves hybridization of single-copy DNA probes to Not I restriction fragments separated according to size by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Induction of dsbs is quantitated from the decrease in the intensity of the hybridizing restriction fragment and an accumulation of a smear below the band, Rejoining of dsbs results in reconstitution of the intact restriction fragment only if correct DNA ends are joined. By comparing results from this technique with results from a conventional electrophoresis assay that detects all rejoining events, it is possible to quantitate the misrejoining frequency. Three Nor I fragments on the long arm of chromosome 21 were investigated with regard to dsb induction, yielding an identical induction rate of 5.8 x 10(-3) break per megabase pair per Gy. Correct dsb rejoining was measured for two of these Not I fragments after initial doses of 80 and 160 Gy. The misrejoining frequency was about 25% for both fragments and was independent of dose. This result appears to be representative for the whole genome as shown by analysis of the entire Not I fragment distribution. The correct rejoining events primarily occurred within the first 2 h, while the misrejoining kinetics included a much slower component, with about half of the events occurring between 2 and 24 h. These misrejoining kinetics are similar to those previously reported for production of exchange aberrations in interphase chromosomes. RP Lobrich, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 155 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 19 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 26 BP 12050 EP 12054 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12050 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TL421 UT WOS:A1995TL42100023 PM 8618842 ER PT J AU Dong, Q Barsky, D Colvin, ME Melius, CF Ludeman, SM Moravek, JF Colvin, OM Bigner, DD Modrich, P Friedman, HS AF Dong, Q Barsky, D Colvin, ME Melius, CF Ludeman, SM Moravek, JF Colvin, OM Bigner, DD Modrich, P Friedman, HS TI A structural basis for a phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-link at 5'-d(GAC) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DEOXYGUANOSINE RESIDUES; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; METABOLITES AB Phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-links were studied both in vitro and by computer simulation, The local determinants for the formation of phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks were defined by using different pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide duplexes, each of which contained a single potentially cross-linkable site. Phosphoramide mustard was found to cross-link dG to dG at a 5'-d(GAC)-3', The structural basis for the formation of this 1,3 cross-link was studied by molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry, Molecular dynamics indicated that the geometrical proximity of the binding sites also favored a 1,3 dG-to-dG linkage over a 1,2 dG-to-dG linkage in a 5'-d(GCC)-3' sequence, While the enthalpies of 1,2 and 1,3 mustard cross-linked DNA were found to be very close, a 1,3 structure was more flexible and may therefore be in a considerably higher entropic state. C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT PATHOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT PEDIAT,DURHAM,NC 27710. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DUKE COMPREHENS CANC CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,DURHAM,NC 27710. SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,CTR ONCOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 16783]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS 20023, NS 30245] NR 35 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 19 PY 1995 VL 92 IS 26 BP 12170 EP 12174 DI 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12170 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TL421 UT WOS:A1995TL42100047 PM 8618865 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, N Eapen, BJ Keicher, DM Luong, SQ Mukherjee, A AF Mukherjee, N Eapen, BJ Keicher, DM Luong, SQ Mukherjee, A TI Distributed Bragg reflection in integrated waveguides of polymethylmethacrylate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK LASERS; OPTICAL FIBER; GRATINGS AB Distributed Bragg reflection from integrated polymethylmethacrylate waveguides fabricated on corrugated spin-on-glass substrate is reported. Utilizing third-order Bragg resonance, a maximum reflection of 92% from the grating filter is measured at a wavelength of 423.6 nm. A maximum bandwidth of the Bragg reflection is found to be similar to 0.5 nm for a 6 mm long filter, The broad bandwidth and the significant transmission loss (similar to 90%) away from resonance are believed to be related to the radiation coupling by the grating. It is shown that the radiation loss can be minimized without sacrificing high reflectivity by limiting the waveguide length to 0.5 mm, the saturation length of the Bragg reflector. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR HIGH TECHNOL MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT EECE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 25 BP 3715 EP 3717 DI 10.1063/1.115359 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TK759 UT WOS:A1995TK75900015 ER PT J AU Kistenmacher, TJ Wickenden, DK Hawley, ME Leavitt, RP AF Kistenmacher, TJ Wickenden, DK Hawley, ME Leavitt, RP TI Real and reciprocal space mapping of the mosaic dispersion in self-nucleated AlxGa1-xN thin films on (00.1) sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUFFER LAYER; GAN FILMS; GROWTH AB Measures of the mosaic dispersion of a series of self-nucleated AlxGa1-xN thin films, grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition in a nitrogen carrier gas, have been accumulated by a combination of reciprocal space x-ray scattering patterns and real space images from scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopies. The films are shown to be dense mosaics of highly oriented islands whose in-plane and out-of-plane orientational coherence and in-plane island size decrease with increasing x. The highly correlated reductions in island size and orientational coherence are believed to be attributable to a decrease in surface mobility of reactants, which is independent of nucleation layer or carrier gas. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. USA,RES LAB,ADELPHI,MD 20783. RP Kistenmacher, TJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20723, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 25 BP 3771 EP 3773 DI 10.1063/1.115378 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TK759 UT WOS:A1995TK75900034 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, WJ AF ARTHUR, WJ TI EXPEDITIOUSLY REMEDIATING AT THE DOE SO NATION LA English DT Letter RP ARTHUR, WJ (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 261 IS 21 BP 770 EP 770 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA TH437 UT WOS:A1995TH43700001 ER PT J AU LARKIN, AI VINOKUR, VM AF LARKIN, AI VINOKUR, VM TI BOSE AND VORTEX GLASSES IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; CRYSTALS; LOCALIZATION; ENTANGLEMENT; IRRADIATION AB A theory of the Bose glass transition is developed. Mapping vortex trajectories onto world lines of 2D bosons gives a glass transition line as the locus where bosons become localized in the random potential. We describe the glass-to-liquid transition induced by columnar disorder in both dilute and dense vortex systems. A vortex glass transition in the light of the developed description is discussed. C1 LD LANDAU THEORET PHYS INST,MOSCOW 117940,RUSSIA. RP LARKIN, AI (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 25 BP 4666 EP 4669 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4666 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TK883 UT WOS:A1995TK88300029 ER PT J AU DOMINGUEZ, D GRONBECHJENSEN, N BISHOP, AR AF DOMINGUEZ, D GRONBECHJENSEN, N BISHOP, AR TI RESISTIVE HYSTERESIS AND NONLINEAR I-V CHARACTERISTICS AT THE FIRST-ORDER MELTING OF THE ABRIKOSOV VORTEX LATTICE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; YBA2CU3O7; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION AB We study a three-dimensional network of Josephson junctions in a magnetic field, which undergoes a first-order melting transition of the triangular vortex lattice. We perform a Langevin dynamics calculation of the resistance and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. We find hysteresis in the resistance as a function of temperature as measured in untwinned YBa2Cu3O7, Close to the melting temperature the I-V curves are S shaped with hysteresis and show a melting transition when increasing the current, driven by the blowing out of current nucleated vortex loops. RP DOMINGUEZ, D (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B262,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Dominguez, Daniel/E-9304-2016 OI Dominguez, Daniel/0000-0002-6204-0150 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 25 BP 4670 EP 4673 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4670 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TK883 UT WOS:A1995TK88300030 ER PT J AU CHEN, KR LEBOEUF, JN WOOD, RF GEOHEGAN, DB DONATO, JM LIU, CL PURETZKY, AA AF CHEN, KR LEBOEUF, JN WOOD, RF GEOHEGAN, DB DONATO, JM LIU, CL PURETZKY, AA TI ACCELERATED EXPANSION OF LASER-ABLATED MATERIALS NEAR A SOLID-SURFACE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KNUDSEN-LAYER FORMATION; VAPORIZATION; PLASMA AB A dynamic source effect that accelerates the expansion of laser-ablated material in the direction perpendicular to the target is demonstrated. A self-similar theory shows that the maximum expansion velocity is proportional to c(s)/alpha, where 1 - alpha is the slope of the velocity profile and c(s) is the sound speed. Numerical hydrodynamic modeling is in good agreement with the theory. A dynamic partial ionization effect is also studied. With these effects, alpha is reduced and the maximum expansion velocity is significantly increased over that found from conventional models. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 25 BP 4706 EP 4709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4706 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TK883 UT WOS:A1995TK88300039 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, RC MOORE, DA AF DAVIDSON, RC MOORE, DA TI NONLINEAR RELAXATION OF A NONNEUTRAL ELECTRON-PLASMA DUE TO ELASTIC COLLISIONS WITH BACKGROUND NEUTRAL GAS SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSPORT AB The expansion and nonlinear relaxation of a strongly-magnetized nonneutral electron plasma due to elastic collisions with constant collision frequency nu(en) between the plasma electrons and a low-density background neutral gas are investigated theoretically. An important consequence of the analysis is that electron-neutral collisions (nu(en) # 0) cause the electron density profile to relax to a (slowly expanding) quasi-equilibrium state with identical profile shape eta(eq)(rho) to that which would be produced by relaxation to thermal equilibrium by electron-electron collisions in the absence of background neutral gas (nu(en) = 0). RP DAVIDSON, RC (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 18 PY 1995 VL 209 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00850-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TK096 UT WOS:A1995TK09600011 ER PT J AU Brewster, TL Dinneen, MJ Faber, V AF Brewster, TL Dinneen, MJ Faber, V TI A computational attack on the conjectures of Graffiti: New counterexamples and proofs SO DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Graffiti is a computer program that checks for relationships among certain graph invariants. It uses a database of graphs and has generated well over 700 conjectures. Having obtained a readily available computer tape of all the nonisomorphic graphs with 10 or fewer vertices, we have tested approximately 200 of the Graffiti conjectures and have found counterexamples for over 40 of them. For each conjecture that failed we display a counterexample. We also provide results that came from analyzing those conjectures which had a small number of counterexamples. Finally, we prove some results about four of the conjectures. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-365X J9 DISCRETE MATH JI Discret. Math. PD DEC 16 PY 1995 VL 147 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0012-365X(94)00227-A PG 21 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA TM302 UT WOS:A1995TM30200003 ER PT J AU Reynolds, PA Figgis, BN Schultz, AJ AF Reynolds, PA Figgis, BN Schultz, AJ TI [Ru(ND3)(6)](SCN)(3) at 20K by time-of-flight neutron diffraction SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Hexaaammineruthenium(II) tristhiocyanate has space group P2(1)/n at 20 K with typical bond lengths and angles, with two of the six ammine groups rotationally disordered. Eight further limited data sets from 100 to 290 K show a reversible, probably second-order, phase transition to a C2/c cell at 283 (2) K. The C2/c cell contents are derived from those of P2(1)/n by orientationally disordering one thiocyanate site together with small but well defined displacements of the other atoms. C1 UNIV WESTERN AUSTRALIA,DEPT CHEM,NEDLANDS,WA 6009,AUSTRALIA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSE NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Reynolds, PA (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH CHEM,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 51 BP 2517 EP 2520 DI 10.1107/S0108270195007153 PN 12 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA TT225 UT WOS:A1995TT22500024 ER PT J AU SHANNON, MA MAO, XLL FERNANDEZ, A CHAN, WT RUSSO, RE AF SHANNON, MA MAO, XLL FERNANDEZ, A CHAN, WT RUSSO, RE TI LASER-ABLATION MASS REMOVAL VERSUS INCIDENT POWER-DENSITY DURING SOLID SAMPLING FOR INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; PLUMES AB For laser ablation solid sampling, the quantity of material ablated (removed) influences the sensitivity of chemical analysis. The mass removal rate depends strongly on the laser power density, which is the main controllable parameter for a given material and wavelength parameter using laser solid sampling for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). For a wide variety of materials, a decrease in the rate of change, or roll-off, in mass removed is observed with increasing incident laser power density, The roll-off results from a change in the efficiency of material removed by the laser beam, primarily due to shielding of the target from the incident laser energy by a laser-vapor plume interaction, Several analytical technologies were employed to study the quantity of mass removed versus laser power density, Data for mass ablation behavior versus laser power density are reported using ICP-AES, atomic emission from a laser-induced plasma near the sample surface, acoustic stress power in the target, and measurements of crater volumes, This research demonstrates that the change in ICP-AES intensity with laser power density is due to changes in the mass removal, The roll-off in mass ablation is not due to a change in particle size distribution of the ablated species, fractionation of the sample, or a change in transport efficiency to the ICP torch, Accurate tracking of the ICP-AES with the laser ablation process justifies the use of internal and external standardization. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MECH ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,ESCUELA QUIM,CARACAS 1020A,VENEZUELA. UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT CHEM,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 24 BP 4522 EP 4529 DI 10.1021/ac00120a015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TK585 UT WOS:A1995TK58500015 ER PT J AU SMITH, DH FERER, M AF SMITH, DH FERER, M TI IMPROVED PHASE-BOUNDARY FOR ONE-COMPONENT VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM - INCORPORATING CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR AND CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article ID FLUIDS AB Many current uses of fluid phase equilibria would benefit from new equations of state that are more accurate in fitting experimental data and more certain of their predictions for unmeasured phase equilibria. We present a first step towards a fitting procedure which incorporates the advantages of critical scaling theory in the vicinity of the critical point with the advantages of 'classical' cubic equations of state far from the critical point. For VLE, we propose a non-linear order parameter (density variable) that captures the familiar fluid asymmetry in the far from critical vapor and liquid regimes without affecting the linear density-dependence in the near critical regime; this complements earlier work for LLE. Use of this order parameter in describing the liquid-vapor phase boundary effects a 'heuristic' crossover from accurate critical point behavior to accurate far-from-critical behavior. The accuracy of this procedure has been verified by using it to fit data from the open literature for the vapor-liquid phase boundary for a variety of one component systems: with polar molecules (chlorotrifluoromethane), with small non-polar molecules (carbon dioxide, ethane), and with the heavier normal alkanes (pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and nonane). Within 100 k of the critical point, this method is substantially more accurate than its competitors. At worst, in the far-from-critical (e.g. 200-300 K below the critical point) regime, this procedure seems to consistently overestimate the vapor densities by a small amount (less than 3%). C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP SMITH, DH (reprint author), US DOE,MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 880,MORGANTOWN,WV 26507, USA. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilibria PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(95)02808-1 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA TK195 UT WOS:A1995TK19500007 ER PT J AU vonSydow, B Wahnstrom, G Li, YG AF vonSydow, B Wahnstrom, G Li, YG TI Quantum aspects of hydrogen motion in niobium at high temperatures SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE hydrogen in niobium; quantum aspects; classical isotope effect; path integral simulation; molecular dynamics simulation ID DIFFUSION; METALS; DYNAMICS AB The quantum aspects of H motion in Nb are elucidated using the path integral simulation technique. We argue that the most important effect around 500 K can be viewed as a temperature and isotope dependent shift of the potential energy surface, and that treating the dynamics of H motion classically at that temperature is reasonable. The purely classical isotope effect is also determined but our molecular dynamics simulation data do not exhibit the ''classical'' isotope effect for the prefactor, D-0 proportional to m(-1/2), owing to the more complicated diffusion behavior at high temperatures. C1 UNIV GOTHENBURG, S-41296 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP vonSydow, B (reprint author), CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL, DEPT APPL PHYS, S-41296 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01818-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600039 ER PT J AU Majer, G Renz, W Seeger, A Barnes, RG Shinar, J Skripov, AV AF Majer, G Renz, W Seeger, A Barnes, RG Shinar, J Skripov, AV TI Pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hydrogen diffusion in Laves-phase hydrides SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE NMR studies; hydrogen diffusion; Laves-phase hydrides ID C15-TYPE COMPOUNDS ZRCR2HX; DEUTERIUM ATOMS; SPIN RELAXATION; H(D) ATOMS; TRANSITIONS; ZRV2HX; MOTION; MOBILITY; HFV2HX AB The diffusivities D of hydrogen isotopes in Laves-phase hydrides have been measured by means of pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance over a wide temperature range. A brief review is given of the diffusion coefficients of protons in ZrCr2Hx, ZrV2Hx, ZrMo2Hx, ZrTi2Hx, TaV2Hx and HfV2Hx, and of both protons and deuterons in HfV2HyD4-y, with special emphasis on the variation of D with the hydrogen concentration x. The formation of ordered low-temperature phases in HfV2HyD4-y and ZrV2H3.8 results in a substantial reduction in the hydrogen diffusivity. The dependence of D on the lattice parameter and on the host metal atoms is considered for samples having the same crystal structure. C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST PHYS MET,SVERDLOVSK 620219,RUSSIA. RP Majer, G (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST MET RES,INST PHYS,HEISENBERGSTR 1,D-70569 STUTTGART,GERMANY. RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01819-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600040 ER PT J AU Kudabaev, ZI Torgeson, DR Shevakin, AF AF Kudabaev, ZI Torgeson, DR Shevakin, AF TI Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the phase transitions in TiH2 and TiD2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE nuclear magnetic resonance; phase transitions AB The phase transitions near 300 K in TiH1.99 and TiD1.97 were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A complex proton line shape was observed in TiH1.99 in the temperature range 200-470 K. Proton line shape in TiH1.99 consisted of the superposition of a weak narrow line and a broad line. We suggest the narrow proton line may be associated with hydrogen located in octahedral sites of the TiH1.99 lattice. A sharp increase in the narrow line intensity near the 400 K indicates a rapid redistribution of hydrogen between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The broad line width was 10.5 G both below and above the critical temperature T-cr = 295 K and increased to 15.5 G near the T-cr. The 10.5 G line width is in good accordance with the Van Vleck's second moment for protons located in tetrahedral sites of TiH2 face-centered cubic lattice. The proton line width in TiH1.99 does not depend on applied magnetic field strength so substantial broadening of the line width may be due to an increase of the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. Therefore, we propose an explanation of the substantial broadening of the proton line width near T-cr is due to a cooperative Jahn-Teller mechanism of phase transition in the TiH2. The cooperative Jahn-Teller phase transition in TiH2 was supported by investigation of this phase transition in TiD1.97, where the quadrupolar broadening of the D-2 NMR line was observed above the critical temperature (T-cr = 310 K). The difference, about 15 K, between the critical temperature of the phase transition in TiH1.99 and TiD1.97 is an isotopic effect and was confirmed by heat capacity measurements. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. IP BARDIN CENT FERROUS MET RES INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP Kudabaev, ZI (reprint author), KYRGYZ TECH UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BISHKEK,KYRGYZSTAN. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01821-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600042 ER PT J AU Lee, MW Wolf, RJ Ray, JR AF Lee, MW Wolf, RJ Ray, JR TI Atomistic calculations of hydrogen loading in palladium SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE hydrogen loading; palladium; Monte Carlo method ID NANOCRYSTALLINE PALLADIUM; PRESSURE; METALS AB Hydrogen loading on nanometer-size palladium clusters and defect crystals are simulated by the Monte Carlo method. The pressure-composition isotherms are calculated. In contrast with simulations of bulk samples, the clusters show no evidence of a phase transformation. Simulation shows that hydrogen is loaded on the surface first and then the interior of the cluster. This behavior is related to the observed narrowing of the plateau in the phase boundary of the pressure-composition phase diagram of nanocrystalline palladium. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP Lee, MW (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01812-3 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600065 ER PT J AU Holder, JS Wermer, JR AF Holder, JS Wermer, JR TI Thermodynamic characterization of new palladium alloy tritides SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems - Fundamentals and Applications CY NOV 06-11, 1994 CL FUJIYOSHIDA SHI, JAPAN DE thermodynamic characterization; palladium alloy titrides; aging; nickel; cobalt ID HELIUM AB The decay of tritium in a metal tritide generates He-3 in the lattice which tends to degrade the performance of the material over time. It is desired to develop a material which minimizes the tritium aging effects and may be tailored to a particular tritium processing application. Pd alloys with Ni and Co have been investigated, as Pd tritide is known to be resistant to tritium aging effects and alloying provides a means for adjusting the plateau pressure of the metal tritide. Sets of tritium desorption isotherms were acquired at temperatures between 273 and 338 K over the pressure range of 1-900 kPa. The thermodynamic parameters of Delta H and Delta S for the beta-alpha phase transition of the metal tritides were determined across the plateau regions of the pressure-composition-temperature curves. The average values of Delta H (kJ mol(-1) T-1) and Delta S (J K-1 mol(-1) T-1) were found to be 15.8 and 50.1 for Pd(2.8 wt.%)Ni, 13.7 and 50.3 for Pd(5.2 wt.%)Ni, 15.9 and 51.3 for Pd(2.8 wt.%)Co, and 13.6 and 51.8 for Pd(5.2 wt.%)Co, respectively. RP Holder, JS (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER TECHNOL CTR,AIKEN,SC 29808, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1016/0925-8388(95)01716-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TQ536 UT WOS:A1995TQ53600145 ER PT J AU Siegal, MP Venturini, EL Newcomer, PP Overmyer, DL Dominguez, F Dunn, R AF Siegal, MP Venturini, EL Newcomer, PP Overmyer, DL Dominguez, F Dunn, R TI Importance of controlling the Tl-oxide partial pressure throughout the processing of TlBa2CaCu2O7 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB T1Ba(2)CaCu(2)O(7) (T1-1212) superconducting films 5000-6000 Angstrom thick have been grown on LaAlO3 (100) substrates using oxide precursors in a closed two-zone thallination furnace. T1-1212 films can be grown with transition temperatures similar to 100 K, and critical current densities measured by magnetization of J(cm)(5 K)>10(7) A/cm(2) and J(cm)(77 K)>10(5) A/cm(2). Processing conditions, substrate temperatures and T1-oxide source temperatures are found which result in smooth, nearly phase-pure T1-1212 films. Variations in the respective temperature ramps of the T1-oxide zone and the substrate zone can greatly influence resulting film properties such as microstructure, morphology, superconducting transition temperature, and critical current density. RP Siegal, MP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 12 BP 7186 EP 7191 DI 10.1063/1.360428 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TK562 UT WOS:A1995TK56200045 ER PT J AU PESKIN, U MILLER, WH EDLUND, A AF PESKIN, U MILLER, WH EDLUND, A TI QUANTUM TIME EVOLUTION IN TIME-DEPENDENT FIELDS AND TIME-INDEPENDENT REACTIVE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS VIA AN EFFICIENT FOURIER GRID PRECONDITIONER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; CUMULATIVE REACTION PROBABILITY; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MINIMAL RESIDUAL ALGORITHM; AHEAD LANCZOS-ALGORITHM; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHM; GREEN-FUNCTION; PROPAGATION AB A numerical scheme is suggested for accurate large-scale quantum dynamics simulations. The time-dependent Schrodinger equation with finite time-dependent interaction terms is replaced by an inhomogeneous equation with imaginary boundary operators applied along the time axis. This equation is solved globally for a finite time interval using recent Krylov subspace-based iterative methods that are accelerated by a Fourier grid preconditioner. The same scheme is applied also to time-independent reactive-scattering calculations with absorbing boundary operators where the operation of the Green's function is carried out by solving an inhomogeneous time-independent equation. The scheme is economic in terms of both memory requirement and computation time, It is especially favorable when high grid densities are required, e.g., for representation of highly oscillatory fields or high-energy wave functions. Illustrative applications are given for representative models of bound and dissociative systems driven by time-dependent pulsed fields, and for time-independent calculations of the cumulative reaction probability for the generic reaction H+H-2 at high collision energies. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10030 EP 10041 DI 10.1063/1.469906 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400015 ER PT J AU BARANYAI, A CUMMINGS, PT AF BARANYAI, A CUMMINGS, PT TI NONEQUILIBRIUM MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS STUDY OF SHEAR AND SHEAR-FREE FLOWS IN SIMPLE FLUIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT PROCESSES; VISCOSITIES; EQUILIBRIUM; LIQUID AB Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in order to compare the characteristics of planar Couette, planar elongation, uniaxial stretching, and biaxial stretching flows in simple fluids at different strain rates. After deriving the periodic boundary conditions for general flow fields and introducing some methodological improvements for elongation flow calculations we simulated the combination of shear and shear-free flows as well. We found that even at high strain rates where simple fluids exhibit strong non-Newtonian behavior (shear-thinning) it is a reasonable approximation to consider the two planar flows to be rotationally equivalent, This is because in planar Couette flow the in-plane normal stress difference of simple fluids is approximately zero even far from equilibrium. Similarly to planar Couette flow, the trace of the pressure tensor and the internal energy vary approximately as function of the 3/2 power of the strain rate in shear free flows. However, the individual diagonal elements of elongation flow pressure tensors deviate considerably from this approximation. In the extension direction the pressure seems to have a minimum in terms of the strain rate in every shear-free flow. We have discussed the implications of these results. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, THEORET CHEM LAB, H-1518 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. RP BARANYAI, A (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM ENGN, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10217 EP 10225 DI 10.1063/1.469925 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400036 ER PT J AU TAMMARO, M SABELLA, M EVANS, JW AF TAMMARO, M SABELLA, M EVANS, JW TI HYBRID TREATMENT OF SPATIOTEMPORAL BEHAVIOR IN SURFACE-REACTIONS WITH COEXISTING IMMOBILE AND HIGHLY MOBILE REACTANTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS; A-B(2) REACTION MODEL; MEAN-FIELD; DESORPTION AB For surface reactions on single-crystal substrates which involve highly mobile adspecies, there is a vast separation in natural time and length scales, Adspecies hop rates can be many orders of magnitude larger than rates for other processes. Strong spatial correlations or ordering can exist on the atomic scale, while spatial pattern formation occurs on a macroscopic scale due to high diffusivity. An efficient analysis of such systems is provided by a ''hybrid treatment'' which we apply here to the monomer-dimer surface reaction model in the case of coexisting immobile dimer adspecies and highly mobile monomer adspecies. Specifically, we combine a mean-field treatment of the ''randomized'' mobile adspecies, and a lattice-gas description of the immobile adspecies. Monte Carlo simulations then reveal bistability and ''critical'' bifurcation phenomena, while precisely accounting for the influence of correlations in the immobile adspecies distribution. A corresponding analysis of the evolution of macroscopic spatial inhomogeneities is achieved through parallel simulation of the distributed macroscopic points with distinct correlated states and adspecies coverages. These simulations are appropriately coupled to describe diffusive mass transport of the mobile adspecies. In this way, we examine for this model the propagation and structure of chemical waves, corresponding to interface between bistable reactive states, and thereby determine the relative stability of these states. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MATH,AMES,IA 50011. RP TAMMARO, M (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10277 EP 10285 DI 10.1063/1.469929 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400041 ER PT J AU FRIGO, SP SIMONS, JK ROSENBERG, RA AF FRIGO, SP SIMONS, JK ROSENBERG, RA TI THE SOFT-X-RAY PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PHYSISORBED SIF4 .1. REACTIONS OF THE MOLECULAR-SPECIES THROUGH DESORPTION AND DISSOCIATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID XENON LAYERS; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACES; CLUSTERS; PHOTOIONIZATION; EXCITATION; PHOTOELECTRON; ADSORPTION; SPECTRA; SF6 AB We present evidence that demonstrates photolysis of SiF4 adsorbed on Ge(100) at 30 K. Silicon 2p soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (PES) indicates that upon irradiation, the molecularly adsorbed SiF4 dissociates into SiFn species (where n = 0,1,2,3) and desorbs as molecular SiF4. Also, the Si 2p PES from undissociated molecules exhibits a number of distinct kinetic-energy shifts. These are attributed to anisotropic adsorption in which different molecular sites have different apparent Si 2p binding energies. A structure of the adsorbate layer is proposed to account for the varying core hole screening. Examination of the gas phase during irradiation confirms molecular desorption and shows the system to have a significant neutral molecular desorption yield. Changes in the valence-level photoemission structure and signal intensity are consistent with the observed fragmentation and desorption, both of which lead to disappearance of the molecularly adsorbed species. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SYNCHROTRON RADIAT,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10356 EP 10365 DI 10.1063/1.469873 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400049 ER PT J AU FRIGO, SP SIMONS, JK ROSENBERG, RA AF FRIGO, SP SIMONS, JK ROSENBERG, RA TI THE SOFT-X-RAY PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PHYSISORBED SIF4 .2. MECHANISMS AND KINETICS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; SURFACE; EXCITATION; CORE; PHOTOABSORPTION; MOLECULES; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCES; NI(111) AB We present an analysis of the extensive photolysis of an adsorbate resulting from adsorbate core-level excitation. The system studied was SiF4 adsorbed on Ge(100) at 30 K. Photolysis fragments and molecular species (identified with Si 2p soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy) were measured as a function of monochromatic (140-eV) photon exposure and adsorbate coverage. The photolysis cross sections for 55-140-eV photons were determined and the neutral photon-stimulated desorption cross section for a selected SiF4 excitation is also presented. In the Si 2p absorption region, it was found that the photolysis cross section was one to three times the preedge value and comparable in magnitude to that of gas phase photoabsorption, while the total yield increased at most by a factor of 1.4. Both of these observations indicate that direct core excitation of the adsorbate is a major path by which photolysis occurs as opposed to an indirect, substrate-driven one. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR SYNCHROTRON RADIAT,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM,STOUGHTON,WI 53589. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10366 EP 10377 DI 10.1063/1.470703 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400050 ER PT J AU KAISER, RI LEE, YT SUITS, AG AF KAISER, RI LEE, YT SUITS, AG TI CROSSED-BEAM REACTION OF C(P-3(J)) WITH C2H2((1)SIGMA(+)(G)) - OBSERVATION OF TRICARBON-HYDRIDE C3H SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRIPLET-STATES; SINGLET; CYCLOPROPENYLIDENE; ENERGIES AB The reaction between ground state carbon atoms, C(P-3(j)), and acetylene, C2H2((1) Sigma(g)(+)), was studied at an average collision energy of (8.4+/-0.3) kJ mol(-1) using the crossed molecular beam technique. The product angular distribution and time-of-flight spectra of m/z=37, i.e., C3H, were recorded. Only m/z=37 was detected, but no signal from the thermodynamically accessible C-3((1) Sigma(g)(+))+H-2((1) Sigma(g)(+)) channel. Forward-convolution fitting of the results yielded a center-of-mass angular flux-distribution forward scattered in respect to the carbon beam, whereas the translational energy flux distribution peaked at only (5.4+/-1.2) kJ mol(-1), suggesting a simple C-H-bond-rupture to H+C3H. The reaction likely proceeds on the triplet surface with an entrance barrier to the C3H2-PES of <(8.4+/-0.3) kJ mol(-1) via addition of the carbon atom to two bonding pi-orbitals located both at C1 or at C1 and C2 of the acetylene molecule. The explicit identification of C3H product under single collision conditions strongly demands incorporation of atom-neutral reactions in reaction networks simulating chemistry in the interstellar medium, in interstellar shock waves, and in outflows of carbon stars. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Lee, Yuan-Tseh/F-7914-2012 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 23 BP 10395 EP 10398 DI 10.1063/1.469877 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TK564 UT WOS:A1995TK56400054 ER PT J AU Szeles, C Vertes, A Kiss, E Szpala, S Lynn, KG AF Szeles, C Vertes, A Kiss, E Szpala, S Lynn, KG TI Study of Langmuir-Blodgett layers by a depth-sensitive positron technique SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Langmuir-Blodgett layers; positron annihilation; positron beam; Doppler broadening ID SURFACES AB Ferric and magnesium stearate Langmuir-Blodgett films (1) deposited on silica glass were studied by variable-energy positron beam. Positrons signal the presence of the him even after deposition of only 3 monolayers. A signal with 3 and 9% higher S parameter values are characteristic for the ferric and magnesium stearate films, respectively. In addition, positrons were found to be sensitive to the chemical structure of the layers, The results suggest that positron beams could be promising probes of the thickness, composition, and adhesion of Langmuir-Blodgett films. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, DEPT NUCL CHEM, H-1518 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. EOTVOS LORAND UNIV, DEPT COLLOID CHEM, H-1518 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RI Kiss, E/H-4455-2011 OI Kiss, E/0000-0002-4757-4437 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 176 IS 2 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.1006/jcis.1995.9957 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TK605 UT WOS:A1995TK60500010 ER PT J AU Winick, H AF Winick, H TI The linac coherent light source (LCLS): A fourth-generation light source using the SLAG linac SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE laser; linac coherent light source; synchrotron radiation AB A study for a free electron laser using the SLAC linac is described. With the high electron energy available from the SLAC linac, this device, operating in a single pass, high gain regime, should reach wavelengths down to a few Angstrom It would provide X-ray brightness and coherence many orders of magnitude higher than any existing X-ray source. RP Winick, H (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,POB 4349,MS 69,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 75 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02385-2 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC662 UT WOS:A1995UC66200002 ER PT J AU Padmore, HA Warwick, T AF Padmore, HA Warwick, T TI New developments in soft X-ray monochromators for third generation synchrotron radiation sources SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE advanced light source; soft X-ray monochromator; synchrotron radiation ID HELICAL UNDULATOR; DESIGN AB The advent of third generation synchrotron soft X-ray radiation sources has opened up many new opportunities for the use of spectroscopy and microscopy to study the structure of complex materials. The ultra-high brightness of these sources offers the possibility of combining the two techniques so that the spectroscopy of microscopic areas of a material may be studied (spectromicroscopy), and in addition offers tremendous flux and resolution enhancements for traditional macroscopic surface studies. The optical properties of both bending magnet and undulator sources for use in third generation soft X-ray sources offer significant possibilities for improving the performance of optical systems compared with traditional designs. We will describe two recent such advances in beamline optical system design at the advanced light source (ALS) and review the performance of a current generation of undulator based beamlines at the ALS. RP Padmore, HA (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE ACCELERATOR & FUS RES DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 75 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02389-5 PG 14 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC662 UT WOS:A1995UC66200003 ER PT J AU Johnson, PD Liu, Y Xu, Z Huang, DJ AF Johnson, PD Liu, Y Xu, Z Huang, DJ TI Spin polarized photoemission studies of the 3s core levels in Fe and Co SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE cobalt; iron; spin polarized photoemission spectroscopy; sum rule ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPLITTINGS; UNDULATOR; ANALYZER; FE(100) AB Spin polarized photoemission is used to study the 3s core levels of Fe and Co. The exchange splitting between the two spin components in the main 3s3p(6)3d(n) configuration is found to be larger in Co than Fe. The satellites corresponding to emission from the 3s(2)3p(4)3d(n+1) configuration are identified in both metals. The application of a sum rule to obtain the spin moment from the complete spectrum including all configurations is investigated. RP Johnson, PD (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 75 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02396-8 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC662 UT WOS:A1995UC66200022 ER PT J AU Fadley, CS VanHove, MA Hussain, Z Kaduwela, AP AF Fadley, CS VanHove, MA Hussain, Z Kaduwela, AP TI Photoelectron diffraction: New dimensions in space, time, and spin SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Review DE holography; photoelectron diffraction; photoelectron spectroscopy; surface structure; synchrotron radiation ID X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRON-EMISSION HOLOGRAPHY; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; AUGER-ELECTRON; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; AZIMUTHAL ANISOTROPY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MAGNETIC DICHROISM; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION AB The current status of photoelectron diffraction studies of surface structures is briefly reviewed, and several recent developments and proposals for future areas of application are then discussed. The application of full-solid-angle diffraction data, together with simultaneous characterization by low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy, to epitaxial growth is first considered. New instrumentation for carrying out such studies with third-generation synchrotron radiation is then presented and several types of results obtained with it are discussed. These results include photoelectron diffraction from surface and interface atoms, the possibility of time-resolved measurements, and circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions, The addition of spin to the photoelectron diffraction measurement is also considered, and can be achieved either through core-level multiplet splittings or by circular-polarized excitation of spin-orbit-split levels. This last development makes it possible to study short-range magnetic order, perhaps even in a holographic fashion. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ADV LIGHT SOURCE,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Fadley, CS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008 OI Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698; Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921 NR 126 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 75 BP 273 EP 297 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02545-6 PG 25 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC662 UT WOS:A1995UC66200024 ER PT J AU Terminello, LJ Petersen, BL Barton, JJ AF Terminello, LJ Petersen, BL Barton, JJ TI Photoelectron holography: Improvements to atom image recovery from experimental data SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Cu(001); holography; scanned-angle photoelectron holography ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; PATTERNS; ENERGY AB A multiple-wavenumber analysis method for scanned-angle photoelectron holography is refined to image the nearsurface atoms at a Cu(001) crystal face. The atoms one layer above the emitter are imaged at the appropriate location although shifted by 0.2 Angstrom. To strengthen this analysis, a comparison is made with a simple model which gives a similar result. A theoretical study is also presented that demonstrates why a holographic analysis scheme for scanned-angle diffraction patterns tends to preferentially image forward scattering atoms unlike scanned-energy variants of holographic atom imaging. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,HAWTHORNE,NY 10598. RP Terminello, LJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,L-357,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 75 BP 299 EP 308 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02395-X PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC662 UT WOS:A1995UC66200025 ER PT J AU Tonner, BP Dunham, D Droubay, T Kikuma, J Denlinger, J Rotenberg, E Warwick, A AF Tonner, BP Dunham, D Droubay, T Kikuma, J Denlinger, J Rotenberg, E Warwick, A TI The development of electron spectromicroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE electron spectromicroscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; X-ray microscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID SCANNING PHOTOEMISSION MICROSCOPE; POLARIZED X-RAYS; PHOTOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; MIRROR; XPS AB Three closely related techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, have become widely accepted as important tools for the study of the chemical composition and electronic properties of surfaces, overlayers, and interfaces. There is now a major effort to push these spectroscopic techniques into a new realm of applications with very high spatial resolution, at and below 1 mu m. This results in a new set of probes which can create images of chemical composition with great subtlety. The field is growing rapidly as high brightness sources of X-rays become available. The goals and methods used in electron spectromicroscopy and related X-ray microscopies are discussed, and recent applications of instruments developed in the last few years are used to illustrate the strengths of these new microscopes. C1 UNIV OREGON,DEPT PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Tonner, BP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PHYS,POB 413,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201, USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 69 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 75 BP 309 EP 332 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(95)02523-5 PG 24 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA UC662 UT WOS:A1995UC66200026 ER PT J AU Hoge, FE Williams, ME Swift, RN Yungel, JK Vodacek, A AF Hoge, FE Williams, ME Swift, RN Yungel, JK Vodacek, A TI Satellite retrieval of the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in continental margins SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; OCEAN COLOR MEASUREMENT; WARM CORE RING; PHYTOPLANKTON; MODEL; WATERS; PIGMENTS; SEA AB The absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter at 443 nm, alpha(CDOM)(443), has been retrieved from coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) normalized water-leaving radiances. For a wintertime, low-chlorophyll condition in the Middle Atlantic Eight the alpha(CDOM)(443) is computed by mathematical inversion of an oceanic spectral radiance model, The CZCS alpha(CDOM)(443) retrieval is validated by a recent ship-aircraft alpha(CDOM)(443) retrieval experiment within the same oceanographic region. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. EG&G IDAHO INC, WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. RP NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL, BLDG N-159, WALLOPS ISL, VA 23337 USA. RI Vodacek, Anthony/F-1585-2011 OI Vodacek, Anthony/0000-0001-9196-0928 NR 29 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 100 IS C12 BP 24847 EP 24854 DI 10.1029/95JC02561 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA TL341 UT WOS:A1995TL34100013 ER PT J AU Wolfenden, A Bowles, DA Hosman, SL Vaidya, RU AF Wolfenden, A Bowles, DA Hosman, SL Vaidya, RU TI Evaluation of the elastic modulus and vibrational damping of Al2O3 coated Ti-25Al-10Nb after exposure to repeated thermal cycling SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Wolfenden, A (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 24 BP 1804 EP 1806 DI 10.1007/BF00271013 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA TM962 UT WOS:A1995TM96200026 ER PT J AU Choi, W Rotman, DA Wuebbles, DJ AF Choi, W Rotman, DA Wuebbles, DJ TI Eddy heat flux convergence in the troposphere and its effect on the meridional circulation and ozone distribution SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ELIASSEN-PALM; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; DIABATIC CIRCULATION; MODEL; WAVES; TRANSPORT AB In this study the vertical convergence of the eddy heat flux, found as a forcing term in the thermodynamic energy equation of the transformed Eulerian mean formulation, is estimated in the troposphere and in the lower stratosphere from climatalogical data. Results show that while the heating rates caused by these eddy effects are small in the stratosphere they may play an important role in tropospheric circulation. The eddy-caused additions to the forcing field are seen as a region of significant cooling in the midlatitudes at the midtroposphere level and of weak heating throughout the tropical region. This net global cooling is important in balancing net global heating. In addition, the heating due to meridional heat flux is found to dominate compared to heating due to the vertical heat flux. To study circulation changes, the residual mean circulation is calculated with and without the estimated eddy heating effects. The added forcing causes additional circulation in each hemisphere that coincides with the primary circulation due to zonal-mean diabatic heating. Therefore, the eddy heat Bur convergence has a significant role in enhancing the zonal-mean residual circulation in the troposphere. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,GLOBAL CLIMATE RES DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 4472 EP 4481 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<4472:EHFCIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TP389 UT WOS:A1995TP38900005 ER PT J AU Shevenell, L Goff, F AF Shevenell, L Goff, F TI Evolution of hydrothermal waters at Mount St Helens, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 10,000 SMOKES; LOOWIT CANYON; VALLEY; ALASKA; DEPOSITS; GEOCHEMISTRY; ERUPTION AB Hydrothermal water samples at Mount St. Helens collected between 1985 and 1989 and in 1994 are used to identify water types and describe their evolution through time. Two types of low temperature hydrothermal systems are associated with the 1980 eruptions and were initiated soon after emplacement of shallow magma and pyroclastic flows. The Loowit hot spring system is located in the breach zone and is associated with the magma conduit and nearby avalanche deposits, whereas the Pumice Plain (PP) system is associated with pyroclastic flows and avalanche deposits approximate to 3 to 5 km north of the volcano. The PP waters first discharged at the surface in 1981, whereas the Loowit waters began to issue at the surface in 1983. delta D, delta(18)O and H-3 indicated all thermal waters are dominantly derived from post-1980 recharge. Fluids flow through, and are restricted to, the shallow 1980 avalanche and pyroclastic deposits. All water cooled with time (up to 43 degrees C on the PP and up to 20 degrees C in Loowit in 5 years), and chemical compositions have changed rapidly. All waters have highly variable, and unreliable geothermometer temperatures with maximum indicated temperatures < 185 degrees C. None of the fluids are at equilibrium with host rocks; dissolution of host rocks as a function of fluid temperature occurs at all sites. Although fluid chemistry varied dramatically in the early years of this study, all waters had similar Li/Cl ratios by 1989 indicating partial stabilization and demonstrating the similarity in host rock compositions at the thermal areas. Loowit waters exhibit delta D and delta(18)O enrichments from the meteoric water line and B/Cl ratios (0.02 to 0.05) similar to those in dome fumarole condensates, indicating a less than or equal to 10% contribution of magmatic volatiles to these waters. The PP waters generally do not exhibit isotopic enrichments, and the B/Cl ratios are approximate to 1 order of magnitude less than those in Loowit. No magmatic volatiles enter PP waters, and this system is driven by meteoric water circulation within the cooling pyroclastic flows and underlying avalanche deposits. The PP system will Likely cool rapidly to form a nonthermal system. Similar, transient, low-temperature hydrothermal phenomena probably have been associated with other ash-flow sheets, yet have thus far been largely undocumented. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Shevenell, L (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,NEVADA BUR MINES & GEOL,MS 178,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 69 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(95)00021-6 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TM019 UT WOS:A1995TM01900004 ER PT J AU Gabitov, I Holm, DD Luce, BP Mattheus, A AF Gabitov, I Holm, DD Luce, BP Mattheus, A TI Recovery of solitons with nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBERS AB We study the use of nonlinear amplifying loop mirrors to recover soliton pulses nonadiabatically deformed by losses. We approach this problem as a mapping problem of input pulse to output pulse, for segments of fiber followed by a combination of Linear and nonlinear amplification. For a wide range of amplifier spacings, Re find numerically that a single optimal input pulse of soliton shape exists for each amplifier spacing, which is well recovered at output. The recovered output pulses contain only similar to 3% continuous radiation. (C) 1995 Optical Society of America C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. FTZ TELEKON,D-64295 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RP Gabitov, I (reprint author), LD LANDAU THEORET PHYS INST,KOSYGINA 2,MOSCOW 117940,RUSSIA. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 20 IS 24 BP 2490 EP 2492 DI 10.1364/OL.20.002490 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA TN091 UT WOS:A1995TN09100016 PM 19865262 ER PT J AU Zhou, R Hults, WL Sebring, RJ Bingert, JF Coulter, JY Willis, JO Smith, JL AF Zhou, R Hults, WL Sebring, RJ Bingert, JF Coulter, JY Willis, JO Smith, JL TI Bi2223 powder-in-tube tapes with different size Ag particles SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL CURRENT-DENSITY; COMPOSITES; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Silver powders with different particle sizes were added to Bi2223 powder-in-tube tapes as a follow-up to our similar work on Bi2212. It was found that Ag powders with a 38 mu m mean particle size were stretched into long, thin ribbons during deformation. Tapes were rolled as thin as 50 mu m with a 20 mu m core with no necking or cracking. Transport critical current density of 3.5 X 10(4) A/cm(2) at 75 K and zero magnetic field has been obtained. The Ag powders with a 3 mu m mean particle size were deformed into thin plates during tape fabrication. Due to the large surface area, the Ag plates were more effective in promoting Bi2223 phase formation at low heat-treatment temperatures. However, these Ag plates spheridized during heat treatment and distorted Bi2223 grain alignment. RP Zhou, R (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,CTR SUPERCOND TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 255 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(95)00624-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TL584 UT WOS:A1995TL58400011 ER PT J AU Deaven, DM Lammert, PE Rokhsar, DS AF Deaven, DM Lammert, PE Rokhsar, DS TI Pairing in alkaline-earth-metal-doped fullerenes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; C-60; FULLERIDES; CALCIUM; DISORDER; BA6C60 AB Among the alkaline-earth-metal-doped fullerenes are several superconductors: Ca5C60 (T-c = 8.4 K), Ba6C60 (T-c = 7 K), and Sr6C60 (T-c = 4 K). While the relevant molecular orbitals of the alkali-metal-doped fullerenes have t(1u) symmetry, superconductivity in the alkaline-earth-metal-doped fullerenes is derived from the t(1g) level that lies immediately above the t(1u) manifold. We calculate and compare the effective on-ball pairing interaction in these states due to phonon exchange and electron-electron repulsion. C1 SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BURNABY,BC V5A 1S6,CANADA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Deaven, DM (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 23 BP 16377 EP 16380 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.16377 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN309 UT WOS:A1995TN30900021 ER PT J AU Lin, XW LilientalWeber, Z Washburn, J Weber, ER Sasaki, A Wakahara, A Hasegawa, T AF Lin, XW LilientalWeber, Z Washburn, J Weber, ER Sasaki, A Wakahara, A Hasegawa, T TI Sn submonolayer-mediated Ge heteroepitaxy on Si(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; HIGHLY STRAINED INXGA1-XAS; STRANSKI-KRASTANOV GROWTH; SURFACE-DIFFUSION LENGTH; LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH; SI(111) SURFACE; SI/GE SUPERLATTICES; STEP FLOW; SI; SI(100) AB The influence of a Sn submonolayer on the growth mode of Ge on Si(001) during molecular-beam epitaxy has been studied by transmission-electron microscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. It was found that Sn-mediated growth promotes Ge island formation, suggesting that Sn acts to enhance the surface mobility of Ge adatoms. It is pointed out that being able to uniformly cover and strongly segregate to the growing surface is necessary, but not sufficient, for a surfactant to effectively suppress Ge islanding on Si. C1 KYOTO UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RP Lin, XW (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV SCI MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 52 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 23 BP 16581 EP 16587 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.16581 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN309 UT WOS:A1995TN30900044 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI Energetics of steps on Pt(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; CO DIFFUSION; SURFACES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE; ADSORPTION; IMPURITIES; OXIDATION; RH(001) AB First-principles local-density approximation optimizations for Pt(331), Pt(221), Pt(211), and Pt(533) slabs, the surfaces of which are vicinal to Pt(111), are used to extract approximate theoretical energies per unit length for the two varieties of unkinked step on Pt(111). As expected on the basis of bond counting, the calculated energies of the (111)-type and (100)-type steps are nearly equal, about 0.46-0.47 eV per step-edge atom. Near equality of the step-formation energies does not agree with Michely and Comsa's finding that (111)-type edges are about 50% longer than (100) edges for islands on Pt(111) equilibrated at 700 K, corresponding to a formation free energy that is 13% lower. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 23 BP 16845 EP 16854 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.16845 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN309 UT WOS:A1995TN30900078 ER PT J AU Park, CH Shen, ZX Loeser, AG Dessau, DS Mandrus, DG Migliori, A Sarrao, J Fisk, Z AF Park, CH Shen, ZX Loeser, AG Dessau, DS Mandrus, DG Migliori, A Sarrao, J Fisk, Z TI Direct observation of a narrow band near the gap edge of FeSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE; TEMPERATURE AB We report a high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission investigation of FeSi. The high angle and energy resolutions enable us to identify a band with spectacularly sharp features near the valence-band edge. This band shows very small dispersion but remarkable temperature dependence. The small dispersion constitutes a direct observation of a narrow band in FeSi. This finding supports a theoretical picture involving two narrow bands at the edges of a narrow gap, to account for the unusual temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility that makes FeSi a fascinating material. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 16981 EP 16984 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN927 UT WOS:A1995TN92700002 ER PT J AU Klimov, V McBranch, D Karavanskii, V AF Klimov, V McBranch, D Karavanskii, V TI Strong optical nonlinearities in porous silicon: Femtosecond nonlinear transmission study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SI; MICROCRYSTALLITES; CRYSTALLITES; DEPENDENCE AB Large photoinduced absorption is observed in free-standing porous-silicon films in the spectral range from 1.1 to 2.5 eV by using a femtosecond pump-and-probe technique. The measured nonlinear transmission spectra have a very fast component with initial decay on the subpicosecond time scale. The spectral structure and temporal behavior of induced absorption show the presence of molecularlike Si complexes with well-defined energy levels and spectrally uniform picosecond relaxation dynamics. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST GEN PHYS,MOSCOW 117942,RUSSIA. RP Klimov, V (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 16989 EP 16992 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN927 UT WOS:A1995TN92700004 ER PT J AU Faulkner, JS Wang, Y Stocks, GM AF Faulkner, JS Wang, Y Stocks, GM TI Electrons in extended systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; ALLOYS AB We have carried out a series of order-N calculations on disordered and ordered alloys using the local-density approximation. We have observed a linear relation between the self-consistent charges associated with a site and the long-range electrostatic potential at the site that has some interesting implications in the context of density-functional theory. It may be described as a locality principle, although it is not the usual one. C1 FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA. RP FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV, ALLOY RES CTR, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA. RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 17106 EP 17111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.17106 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN927 UT WOS:A1995TN92700028 ER PT J AU Yu, N McIntyre, PC Nastasi, M Sickafus, KE AF Yu, N McIntyre, PC Nastasi, M Sickafus, KE TI High-quality epitaxial growth of gamma-alumina films on alpha-alumina sapphire induced by ion-beam bombardment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NI THIN-FILMS; GRAIN-GROWTH; AG IONS; IMPLANTATION; ALPHA-AL2O3; ORIENTATION; DEPOSITION AB We report the formation of epitaxial gamma-alumina thin films on alpha-alumina substrates induced by ion-beam bombardment. Single-crystal (0001) alpha-alumina was coated with 70-nm amorphous-alumina thin films and then bombarded with either 360-keV argon ions or 180-keV oxygen ions at 400, 500, and 600 degrees C. Ion-channeling measurements showed a consistent minimum yield of 50% for the aluminum in the grown films. Cross-sectional transmission-electron microscopy revealed the formation of gamma-alumina epitaxially grown onto alpha-alumina with an orientation relationship [1(1) over bar0$](111)gamma parallel to [<01(1)over bar 0>](0001) alpha. The epitaxy of gamma-alumina was further confirmed by x-ray-diffraction phi scans. This study indicates that ion-beam bombardment at 400-600 degrees C not only induces the amorphous-to-gamma phase transformation but also effectively eliminates {111} twins of gamma-alumina, which are normally observed after thermal annealing at 800-900 degrees C. RP Yu, N (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 24 BP 17518 EP 17522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.17518 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA TN927 UT WOS:A1995TN92700075 ER PT J AU Gentile, NA Hughes, J Mathews, GJ AF Gentile, NA Hughes, J Mathews, GJ TI Q-star equation of state and the prompt shock in supernovae SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-STARS; MATTER AB We examine equations of state derived from effective field theories. Such equations of state can allow for objects of high baryon number (10(57)) with properties very different from models constructed using a conventional nuclear matter equation of state. In particular, they can lead to an abnormal non-nuclear state of baryonic matter which, for some values of the parameters, is the true ground state at high densities. We study phase transitions between this state and ordinary hadronic matter and explore the possible observational consequences of the fact that this phase transition can cause the release of large amounts of latent heat. We present results of numerical core collapse simulations which show that this release of latent heat can cause very strong shocks to form in supernovae. Thus, the possible existence of this state of matter may be constrainable by observed supernova properties. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,E LANSING,MI 48823. UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP Gentile, NA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 12 BP 6671 EP 6681 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.52.6671 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TN613 UT WOS:A1995TN61300005 ER PT J AU Sigl, G Jedamzik, K Schramm, DN Berezinsky, VS AF Sigl, G Jedamzik, K Schramm, DN Berezinsky, VS TI Helium photodisintegration and nucleosynthesis: Implications for topological defects, high energy cosmic rays, and massive black holes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID STRING EVOLUTION; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SUPERCONDUCTING STRINGS; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; PARTICLES; ORIGIN; ANNIHILATION; UNIVERSE; EMISSION; MEV/C AB We consider the production of He-3 and H-2 by He-4 photodisintegration initiated by nonthermal energy releases during early cosmic epochs. We find that this process cannot be the predominant source of primordial H-2 since it would result in anomalously high He-3/D ratios in conflict with standard chemical evolution assumptions. We apply this fact to constrain topological defect models of highest energy cosmic ray (HECR) production. Such models have been proposed as possible sources of ultrahigh energy particles and gamma rays with energies above 10(20) eV. The constraints on these models derived from He-4 photodisintegration are compared to corresponding limits from spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background radiation and from the observed diffuse gamma-ray background. It is shown that for reasonable primary particle injection spectra and within the models considered previously superconducting cosmic strings, unlike ordinary strings or annihilating monopoles, cannot produce the HECR flux at the present epoch without violating at least the He-4-photodisintegration bound. The constraint from the diffuse gamma-ray background rules out the dominant production of HECR by the decay of grand unification particles in models with cosmological evolution assuming standard fragmentation functions. Constraints on massive black hole induced photodisintegration are also discussed. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, NASA, FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. UNIV CHICAGO, ENRICO FERMI INST, DEPT PHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, LAB NAZL GRAN SASSO, I-67010 ASSERGI, AQUILA, ITALY. RP UNIV CHICAGO, ENRICO FERMI INST, DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. NR 78 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 12 BP 6682 EP 6693 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.52.6682 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TN613 UT WOS:A1995TN61300006 ER PT J AU WIEDERRECHT, GP YOON, BA WASIELEWSKI, MR AF WIEDERRECHT, GP YOON, BA WASIELEWSKI, MR TI HIGH PHOTOREFRACTIVE GAIN IN NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS DOPED WITH ELECTRON-DONOR AND ACCEPTOR MOLECULES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; POLYMER AB Liquid crystalline composite materials have been prepared that are strongly photorefractive. Nematic liquid crystals were doped with both electron donor and electron acceptor molecules that undergo facile, photoinduced, electron transfer reactions to yield mobile ions. A photorefractive gain ratio of 1.88 was observed. This gain ratio was achieved with low applied electric fields (0.4 kilovolts per centimeter) requiring only a 1.5-volt battery and low light intensities (100 milliwatts per square centimeter) in samples 37 to 88 micrometers thick that showed no loss in gain over a 6-month period. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP WIEDERRECHT, GP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 28 TC 236 Z9 243 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5243 BP 1794 EP 1797 DI 10.1126/science.270.5243.1794 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TK476 UT WOS:A1995TK47600037 ER PT J AU KING, WE CAMPBELL, GH HAUPT, DL KINNEY, JH RIDDLE, RA WIEN, WL AF KING, WE CAMPBELL, GH HAUPT, DL KINNEY, JH RIDDLE, RA WIEN, WL TI X-RAY TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY INVESTIGATION OF THE DUCTILE RUPTURE OF AN ALUMINUM FOIL BONDED BETWEEN SAPPHIRE BLOCKS SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT MECH ENGN,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP KING, WE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1941 EP 1946 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00462-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TE964 UT WOS:A1995TE96400010 ER PT J AU WITNEY, AB SANDERS, PG WEERTMAN, JR EASTMAN, JA AF WITNEY, AB SANDERS, PG WEERTMAN, JR EASTMAN, JA TI FATIGUE OF NANOCRYSTALLINE COPPER SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP WITNEY, AB (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 9 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2025 EP 2030 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00441-W PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TE964 UT WOS:A1995TE96400023 ER PT J AU JONES, CR HENAGER, CH JONES, RH AF JONES, CR HENAGER, CH JONES, RH TI CRACK BRIDGING BY SIC FIBERS DURING SLOW CRACK-GROWTH AND THE RESULTANT FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS OF SIC/SICF COMPOSITES SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP JONES, CR (reprint author), ASSOCIATED WESTERN UNIV, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-716X J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER JI Scr. Metall. Materialia PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2067 EP 2072 DI 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00461-4 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TE964 UT WOS:A1995TE96400029 ER PT J AU FEDOROV, VV HACKL, P MULLER, WG AF FEDOROV, VV HACKL, P MULLER, WG TI OPTIMAL AND PRACTICABLE DESIGNS FOR MEASURING PLAQUE PH-PROFILES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The shape of the plaque pH-profile after consumption of a food item determines the food's potential caries risk. This and related facts have caused an increased interest in measurements of plaque pH-profiles during the last decade. A standard design for these measurements is to take equally spaced observations over a certain period of time, The theory of optimal experimental design gives methods for positioning the measurements of a pH-profile in an optimized way, The objective is to minimize the effort given a desired precision of the estimated profile characteristic or to maximize the precision given the number of measurements, We show that a reduction in the number of measurements up to 50 per cent or a respective improvement in precision of the estimates as compared to standardly applied designs is possible, This implies less inconvenience for the subjects and better compliance with the needs of investigation, Our study is intended to demonstrate the applicability of the theory of optimal experimental design which has the potential to improve the efficiency of medical research. C1 UNIV ECON & BUSINESS ADM VIENNA,DEPT STAT,A-1060 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. LUDWIG BOLTZMANN INST PARADONTOL,BADEN,AUSTRIA. UNIV ECON & BUSINESS ADM,DEPT STAT,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP FEDOROV, VV (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,MATH SCI SECT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Muller, Werner/K-7193-2012 OI Muller, Werner/0000-0002-3564-766X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 23 BP 2609 EP 2617 DI 10.1002/sim.4780142309 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA TK133 UT WOS:A1995TK13300008 PM 8746892 ER PT J AU Harel, M Kleywegt, GJ Ravelli, RBG Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Harel, M Kleywegt, GJ Ravelli, RBG Silman, I Sussman, JL TI Crystal structure of an acetylcholinesterase-fasciculin complex: Interaction of a three-fingered toxin from snake venom with its target SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE alpha/beta hydrolase fold; acetylcholinesterase; fasciculin; protein-protein complex; snake toxins ID LIGAND-BINDING; PROTEIN MODELS; BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; SPECIFICITY; REFINEMENT; RESIDUES; GORGE; SITE AB Background: Fasciculin (FAS), a 61-residue polypeptide purified from mamba venom, is a three-fingered toxin which is a powerful reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Solution of the three-dimensional structure of the AChE/FAS complex would provide the first structure of a three-fingered toxin complexed with its target. Results: The structure of a complex between Torpedo californica AChE and fasciculin-II (FAS-II), from the venom of the green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps) was solved by molecular replacement techniques, and refined at 3.0 Angstrom resolution to an R-factor of 0.231. The structure reveals a stoichiometric complex with one FAS molecule bound to each AChE subunit. The AChE and FAS conformations in the complex are very similar to those in their isolated structures. FAS is bound at the 'peripheral' anionic site of AChE, sealing the narrow gorge leading to the active site, with the dipole moments of the two molecules roughly aligned. The high affinity of FAS for AChE is due to a remarkable surface complementarity, involving a large contact area (similar to 2000 Angstrom(2)) and many residues either unique to FAS or rare in other three-fingered toxins. The first loop, or finger, of FAS reaches down the outer surface of the thin aspect of the gorge. The second loop inserts into the gorge, with an unusual stacking interaction between Met33 in FAS and Trp279 in AChE. The third loop points away from the gorge, but the C-terminal residue makes contact with the enzyme. Conclusions: Two conserved aromatic residues in the AChE peripheral anionic site make important contacts with FAS. The absence of these residues from chicken and insect AChEs and from butyrylcholinesterase explains the very large reduction in the affinity of these enzymes for FAS. Several basic residues in FAS make important contacts with AChE. The complementarity between FAS and AChE is unusual, inasmuch as it involves a number of charged residues, but lacks any intermolecular salt linkages. C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT BIOL STRUCT,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. UNIV UPPSALA,CTR BIOMED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,S-75124 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. BIJVOET CTR BIOMOLEC RES,DEPT CRYSTAL & STRUCT CHEM,3584 CH UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT NEUROBIOL,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. OI Sussman, Joel/0000-0003-0306-3878 NR 70 TC 192 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1355 EP 1366 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00273-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA TM860 UT WOS:A1995TM86000011 PM 8747462 ER PT J AU Sussman, JL Berman, HM AF Sussman, JL Berman, HM TI New guidelines for deposition of nucleic acid structures SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Letter C1 ASSOC UNIV INC,BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Sussman, JL (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,WRIGHT RIEMAN LABS,POB 939,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD DEC 15 PY 1995 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1426 EP 1426 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00278-7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA TM860 UT WOS:A1995TM86000016 PM 8747467 ER PT J AU Heck, AJR Neyer, DW Zare, RN Chandler, DW AF Heck, AJR Neyer, DW Zare, RN Chandler, DW TI Photofragment imaging of Kr-2 and ArKr van der Waals molecules following two-photon excitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; ULTRAVIOLET-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-GAS MOLECULES; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; POTENTIAL CURVES; EXCITED-STATES; RYDBERG STATES; 2-PHOTON DISSOCIATION; ELECTRONIC STATES; SPECTRA AB Photofragment imaging is used to study the fragmentation and ionization dynamics of Kr-2 and ArKr upon absorption of two or more photons (lambda = 211-220 nm). For Kr-2 two-photon-excited electronic states are studied that are in energy near Kr (5p) states. All studied Kr-2 two-photon-excited electronic states show competition between ionization and predissociation. The photofragment images also reveal higher order absorption processes in which three-photon absorption of the dimer is followed by dissociation into ground state and excited state Kr fragments. Dissociation after three-photon absorption leads to Kr photofragments, whose recoil can be described by a cos(2) theta distribution with respect to the polarization vector of the laser. For ArKr two, two-photon-excited, electronic bands are observed near Kr (5p) and Ar (4s) transitions. The two-photon-excited ArKr molecules dissociate exclusively into excited state Ar (4s) atoms concomitant with ground state Kr atoms. Therefore, both electronic bands are assigned to Ar*Kr states, i.e. excited states that correlate to Ar (4s) and Kr S-1(0) atomic asymptotes. The Ar photofragment ion images and the multiphoton ionization spectra show competition between ionization and predissociation of these two-photon-excited ArKr states. As with the Kr-2 dimer, the ion images also reveal higher order absorption processes in which three-photon absorption of ArKr is followed by dissociation into neutral Kr ground and Ar excited state fragments. The angular distributions of the fragments formed after predissociation at the two-photon resonant levels and after three-photon absorption are both anisotropic. The recoil of the Ar photofragments after three-photon absorption can be described by a cos(2) theta distribution with respect to the polarization vector of the laser. Markedly different contributions of three-photon absorption and predissociation processes are observed in the ion images of the two electronic bands of ArKr, i.e. three-photon absorption processes are more important than predissociation processes for the electronic band starting at 93 699 cm(-1), whereas predissociation processes are more important than three-photon absorption for the electronic band starting at 94 180 cm(-1). C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STANFORD,CA 94305. RI Zare, Richard/A-8410-2009; Heck, Albert/D-7098-2011 OI Heck, Albert/0000-0002-2405-4404 NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 14 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 50 BP 17700 EP 17710 DI 10.1021/j100050a006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TK403 UT WOS:A1995TK40300006 ER PT J AU Chen, SS Zhu, S Cai, Y AF Chen, SS Zhu, S Cai, Y TI On unsteady-motion theory of magnetic forces for Maglev systems SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Motion-dependent magnetic forces are the key elements in the study of magnetically levitated vehicle (maglev) system dynamics. This paper presents an experimental and analytical study that will enhance our understanding of the role of unsteady-motion-dependent magnetic forces and demonstrate an experimental technique that can be used to measure those unsteady magnetic forces directly. The experimental technique is a useful tool for measuring motion-dependent magnetic forces for the prediction and control of maglev systems. RP Chen, SS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 14 PY 1995 VL 188 IS 4 BP 529 EP 543 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1995.0609 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA TN452 UT WOS:A1995TN45200005 ER PT J AU KOEKEMOER, AM HENKEL, C GREENHILL, LJ DEY, A VANBREUGEL, W ANTONUCCI, R CODELLA, C AF KOEKEMOER, AM HENKEL, C GREENHILL, LJ DEY, A VANBREUGEL, W ANTONUCCI, R CODELLA, C TI A WATER-VAPOR GIGA-MASER IN THE ACTIVE GALAXY TXFS2226-184 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; H2O MASERS; EMISSION; NGC-3079 AB ACTIVE galactic nuclei are thought to be powered by gas falling into a massive black hole; the different types of active galaxy mag arise because we view them through a thick torus of molecular gas at varying angles of inclination(1). One way to determine whether the black hole is surrounded by a torus, which would obscure the accretion disk around the black hole along certain lines of sight, is to search for water masers, as these exist only in regions with plentiful molecular gas. Since the first detection(2) of an extragalactic water maser in 1979, they have come to be associated primarily with active galaxies, and have even been used to probe the mass of the central engine(3). Here we report the detection of a water giga-maser in the radio galaxy TXFS2226-184. The strength of the emission supports a recently proposed theory of maser pumping(4) that allows for even more powerful masers, which might be detectable at cosmological distances. Water masers may accordingly provide a may to determine distances to galaxies outside the usual distance ladder, providing an independent calibration of the Hubble constant(3,5). C1 MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON,D-53121 BONN,GERMANY. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. RP KOEKEMOER, AM (reprint author), MT STROMLO & SIDING SPRING OBSERV,WESTON,ACT 2611,AUSTRALIA. OI Codella, Claudio/0000-0003-1514-3074; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 NR 31 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 14 PY 1995 VL 378 IS 6558 BP 697 EP 699 DI 10.1038/378697a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TK379 UT WOS:A1995TK37900044 PM 7501016 ER PT J AU FRABETTI, PL CHEUNG, HWK CUMALAT, JP DALLAPICCOLA, C GINKEL, JF GREENE, SV JOHNS, WE NEHRING, MS BUTLER, JN CIHANGIR, S GAINES, I GARBINCIUS, PH GARREN, L GOURLAY, SA HARDING, DJ KASPER, P KREYMER, A LEBRUN, P SHUKLA, S VITTONE, M BIANCO, S FABBRI, FL SARWAR, S ZALLO, A CULBERTSON, R GARDNER, RW GREENE, R WISS, J ALIMONTI, G BELLINI, G BOSCHINI, M BRAMBILLA, D CACCIANIGA, B CINQUINI, L DICORATO, M GIAMMARCHI, M INZANI, P LEVERARO, F MALVEZZI, S MENASCE, D MERONI, E MORONI, L PEDRINI, D PERASSO, L PRELZ, F SALA, A SALA, S TORRETTA, D BUCHHOLZ, D CLAES, D GOBBI, B OREILLY, B BISHOP, JM CASON, NM KENNEDY, CJ KIM, GN LIN, TF PUSELJIC, DL RUCHTI, RC SHEPHARD, WD SWIATEK, JA WU, ZY ARENA, V BOCA, G CASTOLDI, C GIANINI, G RATTI, SP RICCARDI, C VIOLA, L VITULO, P LOPEZ, A GRIM, GP PAOLONE, VS YAGER, PM WILSON, JR SHELDON, PD DAVENPORT, F BLACKETT, GR DANYO, K PISHARODY, M HANDLER, T CHEON, BG KANG, JS KIM, KY AF FRABETTI, PL CHEUNG, HWK CUMALAT, JP DALLAPICCOLA, C GINKEL, JF GREENE, SV JOHNS, WE NEHRING, MS BUTLER, JN CIHANGIR, S GAINES, I GARBINCIUS, PH GARREN, L GOURLAY, SA HARDING, DJ KASPER, P KREYMER, A LEBRUN, P SHUKLA, S VITTONE, M BIANCO, S FABBRI, FL SARWAR, S ZALLO, A CULBERTSON, R GARDNER, RW GREENE, R WISS, J ALIMONTI, G BELLINI, G BOSCHINI, M BRAMBILLA, D CACCIANIGA, B CINQUINI, L DICORATO, M GIAMMARCHI, M INZANI, P LEVERARO, F MALVEZZI, S MENASCE, D MERONI, E MORONI, L PEDRINI, D PERASSO, L PRELZ, F SALA, A SALA, S TORRETTA, D BUCHHOLZ, D CLAES, D GOBBI, B OREILLY, B BISHOP, JM CASON, NM KENNEDY, CJ KIM, GN LIN, TF PUSELJIC, DL RUCHTI, RC SHEPHARD, WD SWIATEK, JA WU, ZY ARENA, V BOCA, G CASTOLDI, C GIANINI, G RATTI, SP RICCARDI, C VIOLA, L VITULO, P LOPEZ, A GRIM, GP PAOLONE, VS YAGER, PM WILSON, JR SHELDON, PD DAVENPORT, F BLACKETT, GR DANYO, K PISHARODY, M HANDLER, T CHEON, BG KANG, JS KIM, KY TI ANALYSIS OF THE DECAY MODE D-0-]K-MU(+)NU(MU) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS; QUARK-MODEL; BRANCHING FRACTION; MESONS; RATIO AB Studies of the decay D-0 --> K- mu(+) nu(mu) are reported by Fermilab photoproduction experiment E687. The ratio BR(D-0 --> K- mu(+) nu(mu))/BR(D-0 --> K- pi(+)) is determined to be 0.852 +/- 0.034 (statistical) +/- 0.028 (systematic). Using this result and an isospin argument we infer the ratio BR(D-0 --> K*(-) mu(+) nu(mu))/BR(D-0 --> K- mu(+) nu(mu)) = 0.62 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09. The pole mass from the single pole form factor is measured to be M(pole) = 1.87(-0.08-0.06)(+0.11+0.07) GeV/c(2). Using M(pole) and BR(D-0 --> (-) mu(+) nu(mu))/BR(D-0 --> K- pi(+)), we calculate \f(+)(0)\ = 0.71 +/- 0.03 +/- 0.03. We also measure the ratio f(-)(0)/f(+)(0) = -1.3(-3.4)(+3.6) +/- 0.6. C1 IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV MILAN,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. UNIV PAVIA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS NUCL & TEOR,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. UNIV PUERTO RICO,MAYAGUEZ,PR. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV S CAROLINA,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. UNIV N CAROLINA,ASHEVILLE,NC 28804. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. KOREA UNIV,SEOUL 136701,SOUTH KOREA. RP FRABETTI, PL (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,DIPARTMENTO FIS,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 14 PY 1995 VL 364 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01368-2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TK095 UT WOS:A1995TK09500009 ER PT J AU NICHOLAS, JB HAW, JF BECK, LW KRAWIETZ, TR FERGUSON, DB AF NICHOLAS, JB HAW, JF BECK, LW KRAWIETZ, TR FERGUSON, DB TI DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORETICAL AND NMR-STUDY OF HAMMETT BASES IN ACIDIC ZEOLITES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID WORKSTATION COMPUTERS; BASIS-SETS; MOLECULES; ABINITIO; MODELS; ZSM-5 C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT CHEM, MAGNET RESONANCE & MOLEC SCI LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP NICHOLAS, JB (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 13 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 49 BP 12350 EP 12351 DI 10.1021/ja00154a044 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TK382 UT WOS:A1995TK38200044 ER PT J AU RABION, A CHEN, S WANG, JP BUCHANAN, RM SERIS, JL FISH, RH AF RABION, A CHEN, S WANG, JP BUCHANAN, RM SERIS, JL FISH, RH TI BIOMIMETIC OXIDATION STUDIES .9. MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF THE OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS WITH FUNCTIONAL, ACTIVE-SITE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE ENZYME MODELS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION(1A) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; ALKANE FUNCTIONALIZATION; COMPLEXES; HYDROPEROXIDES; DYNAMICS; RADICALS; PROTEINS; CENTERS; HYDRATE C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT CHEM,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. ELF AQUITAINE CO,GRP RECH LACQ,F-64170 ARTIX,FRANCE. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 13 PY 1995 VL 117 IS 49 BP 12356 EP 12357 DI 10.1021/ja00154a047 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TK382 UT WOS:A1995TK38200047 ER PT J AU Weghorst, CM Buzard, GS Calvert, RJ Hulla, JE Rice, JM AF Weghorst, CM Buzard, GS Calvert, RJ Hulla, JE Rice, JM TI Cloning and sequence of a processed p53 pseudogene from rat: A potential source of false 'mutations' in PCR fragments of tumor DNA SO GENE LA English DT Article DE F344; exon-based primer; cDNA-like; mutational hot spot; PCR co-amplification ID SUPPRESSOR GENE; EVOLUTION AB We describe here the nucleotide (nt) sequence of a p53 processed pseudogene (psi-gene) from the normal F344 rat genome. Exon-derived primers were utilized to amplify and clone a 1447-bp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product corresponding to the coding regions of exons 2-11 of the functional gene, This psi-gene is a cDNA-like sequence possessing 87% homology with the functional rat p53. We have also partially characterized two additional and distinctly different putative rat p53 psi-genes, focussing on the sequences surrounding the reported rat p53 mutational hot spots of codons 202(R) and 211(R) within exon 6/7, Each of these three psi-gene sequences contained various single- and/or double-nt substitutions, small deletions and insertions that distinguish them from p53, One substitution, 211(R) CGG-->CAG, found both in the cloned psi-gene and in one of the partially characterized, putative psi-genes, corresponded precisely with the sequence that has been reported as a mutation at one of the hot spots. Co-amplification of one or more of the p53 psi-genes with portions of the functional p53 is likely, if exon-based primers are utilized for PCR amplification of rat p53. Consequently, psi-gene sequences are potential sources of sequence variations that can be misidentified as somatic cell mutations by direct sequencing of inappropriately generated PCR products. C1 NCI, COMPARAT CARCINOGENESIS LAB, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. NCI, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR, SAIC FREDERICK, BIOL CARCINOGENESIS & DEV PROGRAM, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. US FDA, OFF SPECIAL NUTR, LAUREL, MD 20708 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, MOLEC BIOL SECT, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD DEC 12 PY 1995 VL 166 IS 2 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00629-X PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TL600 UT WOS:A1995TL60000023 PM 8543183 ER PT J AU BRUNDERMANN, E ROSER, HP HEISS, W GORNIK, E HALLER, EE AF BRUNDERMANN, E ROSER, HP HEISS, W GORNIK, E HALLER, EE TI HIGH-REPETITION-RATE FAR-INFRARED P-TYPE GERMANIUM HOT HOLE LASERS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GE; EMISSION AB We have studied the influence of high repetition rates, up to 300 Hz, on four pulsed p-type germanium lasers. The maximum electric input power which terminates laser action via heating is a characteristic value for each crystal. We show magnetic field sweeps and introduce a diagram which connects the dynamical behavior of light and heavy holes to optical phonons and impurity states, We find that temperature is an essential key for the understanding of the laser action. High repetition rates or continuous wave operation may be achieved with proper design of the crystal and its cooling environment. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 VIENNA TECH UNIV,INST SOLID STATE ELECTR,A-1040 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP BRUNDERMANN, E (reprint author), DLR,INST SPACE SENSOR TECHNOL,D-12489 BERLIN,GERMANY. RI Heiss, Wolfgang/F-1200-2011; Bruendermann, Erik/J-7186-2016 OI Heiss, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0430-9550; Bruendermann, Erik/0000-0003-4119-3489 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 24 BP 3543 EP 3545 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TJ304 UT WOS:A1995TJ30400008 ER PT J AU GREGOR, MJ BLOME, PG ULBRICH, RG GROSSMANN, P GROSSE, S FELDMANN, J STOLZ, W GOBEL, EO ARENT, DJ BODE, M BERTNESS, KA OLSON, JM AF GREGOR, MJ BLOME, PG ULBRICH, RG GROSSMANN, P GROSSE, S FELDMANN, J STOLZ, W GOBEL, EO ARENT, DJ BODE, M BERTNESS, KA OLSON, JM TI NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE FROM PARTIALLY ORDERED (GAIN)P SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GA0.52IN0.48P; DEPENDENCE; GA0.5IN0.5P; MICROSCOPY AB The two photoluminescence bands typically observed in partially ordered (GaIn)P are studied with a spatial resolution of 270 nm by use of scanning near-field optical microscopy at low temperature. Local luminescence spectra show a strong spatial variation of the low energetic emission in lineshape and peak position whereas the same attributes of the high energetic emission differ only slightly for all investigated areas of the sample. The intensities of both photoluminescence bands are anticorrelated in space on a 0.5-1.5 mu um scale. TEM investigations show that the structure of the sample is inhomogeneous on the same length scale. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV MARBURG,FACHBEREICH PHYS,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. UNIV MARBURG,ZENTRUM MAT WISSENSCH,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP GREGOR, MJ (reprint author), UNIV GOTTINGEN,INST PHYS 4,D-37073 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 24 BP 3572 EP 3574 DI 10.1063/1.115321 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TJ304 UT WOS:A1995TJ30400018 ER PT J AU FENG, YP SINHA, SK FULLERTON, EE SIDDONS, DP HASTINGS, JB AF FENG, YP SINHA, SK FULLERTON, EE SIDDONS, DP HASTINGS, JB TI X-RAY FRAUNHOFER-DIFFRACTION PATTERNS FROM A THIN-FILM WAVE-GUIDE SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have observed the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of x-rays exiting from the end face of a SiO2/polyimide/Si thin-film waveguide. The measured angular intensity distributions are in excellent agreement with those calculated based on the dimensions and the refractive index profile of the guide. Our measurement confirms that, at the end face of the guide, the wavefront of a single guided mode is fully coherent in the direction normal to the guiding plane. This focused and transversely coherent x-ray beam may be used as a source for coherence-based experiments, such as x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL,GRENOBLE,FRANCE. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP FENG, YP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 24 BP 3647 EP 3649 DI 10.1063/1.115346 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TJ304 UT WOS:A1995TJ30400043 ER PT J AU MARDER, B AF MARDER, B TI SERAPHIM MISUNDERSTOOD SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP MARDER, B (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 143 IS 24 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TJ882 UT WOS:A1995TJ88200001 ER PT J AU Fero, MJ Hildreth, MD Honma, A Junk, TR Markiewicz, TW Massetti, R Masuda, H Mours, B Neal, HA Prescott, CY Rochester, LS Shypit, R Sugiyama, A Takahashi, T Usher, T Venuti, J Williams, DC Young, CC AF Fero, MJ Hildreth, MD Honma, A Junk, TR Markiewicz, TW Massetti, R Masuda, H Mours, B Neal, HA Prescott, CY Rochester, LS Shypit, R Sugiyama, A Takahashi, T Usher, T Venuti, J Williams, DC Young, CC TI Performance of the SLD central drift chamber SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB The central drift chamber (CDC) of the Stanford Linear Collider Large Detector (SLD) has been recording data since 1992. The low mass of the chamber and the use of a gas characterized by both a low drift velocity and low diffusion constant help to minimize multiple scattering and drift-distance measurement errors. We describe some of the calibrations and corrections applied to the data, and report on the resolutions achieved thus far. We measure an intrinsic drift resolution of 55-110 mu m in the region of uniform field. Analysis of the full drift-pulse waveform allows for efficient double-hit resolution of about 1 mm. Transverse momentum resolution is given by the formula ((sigma p(t))/p(t)(2))(2) = 0.0050(2) + (0.010/p(t))(2), where p(t) is in GeV/c. Used in conjunction with the SLD vertex detector, the CDC permits measurements of impact parameters of high-momentum tracks to 10 mu m in the r-phi plane and 36 mu m in the r-z plane. C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. UNIV PERUGIA,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PERUGIA,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VICTORIA,BC V6T 1Z1,CANADA. UNIV VICTORIA,VICTORIA,BC V8W 3P6,CANADA. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00732-6 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300023 ER PT J AU Bauer, C Baumann, I Colledani, C Conway, J Delpierre, P Djama, F Dulinski, W Fallou, A Gan, KK Gilmore, RS Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Han, S Hessing, T Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kass, R Kinnison, W Knopfle, KT Krammer, M Llewellyn, TJ Manfredi, PF Pan, LS Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Re, V Roe, S Rudge, A Schaeffer, M Schnetzer, S Somalwar, S Speziali, V Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Trischuk, W Turchetta, R Thomson, GB Wagner, R Weilhammer, P White, C Zoeller, M AF Bauer, C Baumann, I Colledani, C Conway, J Delpierre, P Djama, F Dulinski, W Fallou, A Gan, KK Gilmore, RS Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Han, S Hessing, T Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kass, R Kinnison, W Knopfle, KT Krammer, M Llewellyn, TJ Manfredi, PF Pan, LS Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Re, V Roe, S Rudge, A Schaeffer, M Schnetzer, S Somalwar, S Speziali, V Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Trischuk, W Turchetta, R Thomson, GB Wagner, R Weilhammer, P White, C Zoeller, M TI Recent results from diamond microstrip detectors - Diamond detectors collaboration (RD42) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB Diamond is a nearly ideal material for detecting ionizing radiation. Its promising radiation hardness, fast charge collection and extremely low leakage current allow a diamond detector to be used in high radiation, high temperature and aggressive chemical environments. We have built the first Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond microstrip detectors for tests in high energy particle beams, These detectors consist of 50 mu m wide strips on a 100 mu m pitch; the back side consists of a single electrode plane to bias the diamond. The signal to noise ratio and position resolution measured in a high energy beam at CERN are presented. C1 CTR RECH NUCL,LEPSI,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. MPI HEIDELBERG,D-69029 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. CPPM,F-13288 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV BRISTOL,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. AUSTRIAN ACAD SCI,INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS,A-1050 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV PAVIA,DIPARTIMENTO ELETTR,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94552. RI Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; OI Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00539-0 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300042 ER PT J AU Bauer, C Baumann, I Colledani, C Conway, J Delpierre, P Djama, F Dulinski, W Fallou, A Gan, KK Gilmore, RS Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Han, S Hessing, T Honschied, K Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kass, R Kinnison, W Knopfle, KT Krammer, M Llewellyn, TJ Manfredi, PF Pan, LS Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Plano, R Re, V Roe, S Rudge, A Schaeffer, M Schnetzer, S Somalwar, S Speziali, V Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Trischuk, W Turchetta, R Thomson, GB Wagner, R Weilhammer, P White, C Ziock, H Zoeller, M AF Bauer, C Baumann, I Colledani, C Conway, J Delpierre, P Djama, F Dulinski, W Fallou, A Gan, KK Gilmore, RS Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Han, S Hessing, T Honschied, K Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kass, R Kinnison, W Knopfle, KT Krammer, M Llewellyn, TJ Manfredi, PF Pan, LS Pernegger, H Pernicka, M Plano, R Re, V Roe, S Rudge, A Schaeffer, M Schnetzer, S Somalwar, S Speziali, V Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Trischuk, W Turchetta, R Thomson, GB Wagner, R Weilhammer, P White, C Ziock, H Zoeller, M TI Radiation hardness studies of CVD diamond detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB The inherent properties of diamond make it an ideal material for tracking detectors especially in the high rate, high radiation environments of future colliders such as the LHC. In order to survive in this environment, detectors must be radiation hard. We have constructed charged particle detectors using high quality CVD diamond and performed radiation hardness tests on them. The signal response of diamond detectors to ionizing particles is measured before and after irradiation. Diamond detectors have been exposed to Co-60 photons at Argonne National Laboratory, 300 MeV/c pions at PSI, 500 MeV protons at TRIUMF and 5 MeV alpha particles at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The results show that CVD diamond is an extremely radiation hard material well suited for particle detector production. C1 AUSTRIAN ACAD SCI,INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS,A-1050 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. MPI HEIDELBERG,D-69028 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. CTR RECH NUCL,LEPSI,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. CPPM,F-13288 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV BRISTOL,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV LASER,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV PAVIA,DIPARTIMENTO ELETTR,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94552. CERN,EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RI Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; OI Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420 NR 5 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00545-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300043 ER PT J AU Graham, GE Solomey, N Wah, YW Zimmerman, ED Daum, M Hsiung, YB Krider, JC Ramberg, EJ AF Graham, GE Solomey, N Wah, YW Zimmerman, ED Daum, M Hsiung, YB Krider, JC Ramberg, EJ TI Design and test results of a transition radiation detector for a Fermilab fixed target rare kaon decay experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB A transition radiation detector with large aperture (2.2 m width X 2.2 m height) has been designed and optimized to provide pi/e rejection of at least 120:1 in a rare kaon decay experiment (E799) at Fermilab. The momentum range of interest is between 2 and 25 GeV/c. Beam test results with a small prototype wire chamber with different radiators and conventional gas mixtures are shown. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. OI HSIUNG, YEE/0000-0003-4801-1238 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00537-4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300047 ER PT J AU Libby, B Chikanian, A Coe, S Dunlop, J Guryn, W Hill, JC Johnson, B Kumar, S Makdisi, Y Nagle, J OBrien, E Smirnov, N AF Libby, B Chikanian, A Coe, S Dunlop, J Guryn, W Hill, JC Johnson, B Kumar, S Makdisi, Y Nagle, J OBrien, E Smirnov, N TI Particle identification in TEC/TRD - Prototypes for the PHENIX detector at RHIC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB The tracking system in the PHENIX detector at RHIC has been designed to track charged particles in a high track density environment (dN(c)/dy = 1500), This corresponds to similar to 500 charged particles, primarily pions, in the fiducial volume of the detector, with a spectrum peaked at similar to 250 MeV/c. The TEC/TRD subsystem will track all charged particles and contribute to the particle identification between 200 MeV/c and 2.5 GeV/c by performing fine sampling energy loss (dE/dx) measurements, Prototype chambers were tested in a secondary beam of negatively charged particles at the AGS, An electron-pion separation at levels up to a factor of 200 by dE/dx was measured, This separation factor was measured as a function of the particle momentum and angle, and the gain and gas mixture used in the chamber. C1 YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Libby, B (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00646-X PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300051 ER PT J AU Solomey, N Krolak, P Graham, G Dawson, JW AF Solomey, N Krolak, P Graham, G Dawson, JW TI Development of a parallel plate proportional counter TRD with suppressed sensitivity to ionization SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB The development of a parallel plate proportional counter which has a highly suppressed sensitivity to ionization but retains a good X-ray signal to noise ratio is presented. Details of the laboratory development and actual beam tests showing the pi/e rejection are described. Because of its insensitivity to ionization this type of detector can be useful in an environment where the number of minimum ionizing particles is high, but uninteresting; however, the detector is very sensitive to the highly localized electron cloud from converted X-rays making it ideal as a transition radiation X-ray detector. Thus, this detector only gives a signal for charged particles above TR threshold; all other particles below this threshold produce no TR X-rays giving only a pedestal-like signal. The system's potential performance for pin separation in the intended neutral hyperon experiment is evaluated. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Solomey, N (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,5640 S ELLIS AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00656-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300053 ER PT J AU Fenker, H Thomas, J Brooks, M Lee, D AF Fenker, H Thomas, J Brooks, M Lee, D TI Precision interpolating pad chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes ID READOUT AB We investigate the ultimate resolution one can expect from a properly designed cathode strip chamber and present results of beam tests of chamber prototypes, Design considerations must include mechanical aspects such as width of the cathode pads, anode-cathode spacing, achievement of gain uniformity, and so on, as well as minimization of electronic noise and choice of an appropriate gas, In beam tests we have demonstrated single-plane resolution of 40 mu m (sigma) using 2.5 mm strips, and consistent space point resolution from stereo planes, True space points are available because the same avalanche may be viewed from two segmented cathode planes having a relative stereo angle, This capability, coupled with the freedom to choose a cathode pad pattern appropriate for the particular application, makes the technique superior in many situations, The achievable resolution approaches that of silicon or gas microstrip chambers but with only a fraction of the electronics channels for the same sensitive area, The beam test included exposure of the detector to multi-track events so that its ability to resolve nearby multiple hits could be observed. C1 UNIV OXFORD,DEPT NUCL PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Fenker, H (reprint author), CONTINUOUS ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR FACIL CTR,DIV PHYS,1200 JEFFERSON AVE,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00566-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300060 ER PT J AU Cattai, A DeMin, A Feindt, M Gorn, L Holmgren, SO Kreuter, C Morettini, P Navarria, FL Nawrot, A Passeri, A Ragazzi, S Szepticka, M Tabarelli de Fatis, T AF Cattai, A DeMin, A Feindt, M Gorn, L Holmgren, SO Kreuter, C Morettini, P Navarria, FL Nawrot, A Passeri, A Ragazzi, S Szepticka, M Tabarelli de Fatis, T TI Study of aging effects in the HPC readout chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB The readout chambers of the HPC calorimeter are affected by a large aging. This stimulated intense experimental activity aimed at developing a reliable monitor of the evolution of the detector response and at understanding the origin of the aging. Both of these aspects are discussed, Particular attention is devoted to a series of tests performed with HPC units equipped with graphite inserts in the readout chambers. C1 UNIV MILAN, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. UNIV BOLOGNA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENOA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-16146 GENOA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-16146 GENOA, ITALY. UNIV KARLSRUHE, INST EXPTL KERNPHYS, D-76128 KARLSRUHE, GERMANY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, IST SUPER SANITA, I-00161 ROME, ITALY. UNIV STOCKHOLM, FYSIKUM, S-11385 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. INST NUCL STUDIES, PL-00681 WARSAW, POLAND. UNIV WARSAW, PL-00681 WARSAW, POLAND. RI Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; OI Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389; Tabarelli de Fatis, Tommaso/0000-0001-6262-4685 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00790-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300064 ER PT J AU Bonushkin, Y Chrisman, D Hauser, J Joyce, D Muller, T Mitselmakher, G Prokofiev, O Gordeev, A Gratchev, V Stephani, D Tcherniatine, V Shank, J Varner, G Whitaker, S AF Bonushkin, Y Chrisman, D Hauser, J Joyce, D Muller, T Mitselmakher, G Prokofiev, O Gordeev, A Gratchev, V Stephani, D Tcherniatine, V Shank, J Varner, G Whitaker, S TI A UV laser technique for the Lorentz effect compensation studies in end-cap cathode strip chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB We report on a technique to study the Lorentz effect compensation in muon end-cap cathode strip chambers in detectors with solenoidal magnetic fields like GEM and CMS. The method utilizes a pulsed UV laser for depositing a track-like ionization in a chamber volume and a specially designed chamber with a rotating anode wire frame. The optimal compensation angle was measured to be 26.6+/-0.5 degrees in a 3.4 T magnetic field using the M1 magnet of the RD5 experiment at CERN. The results are in good agreement with simulations. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP Bonushkin, Y (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00749-0 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300066 ER PT J AU Vavra, J AF Vavra, J TI Can TMAE photocathode be used for high rate applications? SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB The paper explores the problems associated with wire aging, charging effects and self-sustaining cathode currents in the TMAE based photodetectors. RP Vavra, J (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 353 EP 357 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00536-6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300074 ER PT J AU Atac, M Charpak, G Chipaux, R Delbart, A Derre, J Giomataris, Y Hill, T Joseph, C Kaplan, DM Kochowski, C Leros, N Loucatos, S Perroud, JP Rebourgeard, P Rosenberg, EI AF Atac, M Charpak, G Chipaux, R Delbart, A Derre, J Giomataris, Y Hill, T Joseph, C Kaplan, DM Kochowski, C Leros, N Loucatos, S Perroud, JP Rebourgeard, P Rosenberg, EI TI The development of the optical discriminator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Wire Chamber Conference CY FEB 13-17, 1995 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Bundesminist Wissensch & Forsch, TU Wien, Kongressburo Wiener Tourismusverbandes AB New results from the tests of the impact parameter discriminator by the RD30 Collaboration are presented. The device, based on the detection of Cherenkov light produced in a thin crystal, is able to cope with extremely high rates in the GHz range and sign tracks with non-zero impact parameter at a first trigger level. We report experimental results obtained with a sapphire shell surrounded by a liquid cladding compensating chromatic dispersion. An excellent signal to background ratio has been obtained and the sensitivity at low impact parameters reaches the requirements for efficient B-meson selection. The use of such a device for hyperon selection will also be discussed. C1 CENS,DAPNIA,DSM,CEA,GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. ET,AT,CERN,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DE KALB,IL. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL. RI Chipaux, Remi/G-1145-2010 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 367 IS 1-3 BP 372 EP 376 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(95)00733-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA TM153 UT WOS:A1995TM15300078 ER PT J AU ALVERO, L CONTOPANAGOS, H AF ALVERO, L CONTOPANAGOS, H TI THE DILEPTON-PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION IN PRINCIPAL VALUE RESUMMATION SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID DRELL-YAN PROCESS; K-FACTOR; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DIMUON PRODUCTION; QCD; ORDER; NORMALIZATION; SOFT AB Using a recent calculation of the perturbative hard part for dilepton production that sums large threshold corrections to all orders in perturbative QCD, we compute the corresponding cross sections, The hard part has been evaluated using principal value resummation and contains all singular momentum-dependent corrections, We also include a resummation of large Sudakov terms, which are independent of parton momenta. We give predictions for the dilepton-mass distribution, the rapidity distribution and the rapidity-integrated K-factor at fixed-target energies and compare with various experimental results in several kinematic regimes. We find that principal value resummation produces cross sections that are finite and well-behaved. For both protons and anti-protons on fixed targets, the resummed cross sections are, in general, in excellent agreement with the data. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,INST THEORET PHYS,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 456 IS 3 BP 497 EP 530 DI 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00102-7 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TJ274 UT WOS:A1995TJ27400001 ER PT J AU Caldecott, KW Tucker, JD Stanker, LH Thompson, LH AF Caldecott, KW Tucker, JD Stanker, LH Thompson, LH TI Characterization of the XRCC1-DNA ligase III complex in vitro and its absence from mutant hamster cells SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; BLOOMS SYNDROME LYMPHOCYTES; STRAND-BREAK REPAIR; PIGMENTOSUM GROUP-F; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; DNA; GENE; SENSITIVITY; BINDING; ERCC1 AB The human DNA repair protein XRCC1 was overexpressed as a histidine-tagged polypeptide (denoted XRCC1-His) in Escherichia coli and purified in milligram quantities by affinity chromatography. XRCC1-His complemented the mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line EM9 when constitutively expressed from a plasmid or when introduced by electroporation. XRCC1-His directly interacted with human DNA ligase III in vitro to form a complex that was resistant to 2 M NaCl. XRCC1-His interacted equally well with DNA ligase III from Bloom syndrome, HeLa and MRC5 cells, indicating that Bloom syndrome DNA ligase III is normal in this respect. Detection of DNA ligase III on far Western blots by radiolabelled XRCC1-His indicated that the level of the DNA ligase polypeptide was reduced similar to 4-fold in the mutant EM9 and also in EM-C11, a second member of the XRCC1 complementation group. Decreased levels of polypeptide thus account for most of the similar to 6-fold reduced DNA ligase III activity observed previously in EM9. Immunodetection of XRCC1 on Western blots revealed that the level of this polypeptide was also decreased in EM9 and EM-C11 (>10-fold), indicating that the XRCC1-DNA ligase III complex is much reduced in the two CHO mutants. C1 IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CLARE HALL LABS,S MIMMS EN6 3LD,HERTS,ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 27 TC 220 Z9 225 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 23 IS 23 BP 4836 EP 4843 DI 10.1093/nar/23.23.4836 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TM131 UT WOS:A1995TM13100013 PM 8532526 ER PT J AU SantaLucia, J Shen, LX Cai, ZP Lewis, H Tinoco, I AF SantaLucia, J Shen, LX Cai, ZP Lewis, H Tinoco, I TI Synthesis and NMR of RNA with selective isotopic enrichment in the bases SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETERONUCLEAR COUPLING-CONSTANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; OLIGORIBONUCLEOTIDES; CONFORMATION; DERIVATIVES; POLYMERASE; PSEUDOKNOT; EFFICIENT; C-13-H-1; PROTEINS AB Efficient syntheses of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and nucleotides with selective C-13 enrichment in the base moieties are described. Uridine and cytidine are labeled at position C6 and adenosine and guanosine are labeled at position C8. The selectively labeled nucleosides were converted to nucleoside triphosphates and used with in vitro transcription to synthesize labeled RNA. Isotope-edited C-12 and C-13 sub-spectra of a omega 1-1/2-X-filtered NOESY experiment are demonstrated to be useful for making resonance assignments and for deriving structural information in large (>20 nt) RNA molecules. The labeled RNAs also allow heteronuclear J-couplings and relaxation parameters to be measured without complications from C-13-C-13 J-couplings. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV STRUCT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM10840, GM14682] NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 23 IS 23 BP 4913 EP 4921 DI 10.1093/nar/23.23.4913 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TM131 UT WOS:A1995TM13100024 PM 8532537 ER PT J AU ABE, F ALBROW, MG AMENDOLIA, SR AMIDEI, D ANTOS, J ANWAYWIESE, C APOLLINARI, G ARETI, H ATAC, M AUCHINCLOSS, P AZFAR, F AZZI, P BACCHETTA, N BADGETT, W BAILEY, MW BAO, J DEBARBARO, P BARBAROGALTIERI, A BARNES, VE BARNETT, BA BARTALINI, P BAUER, G BAUMANN, T BEDESCHI, F BEHRENDS, S BELFORTE, S BELLETTINI, G BELLINGER, J BENJAMIN, D BENLLOCH, J BENSINGER, J BENTON, D BERETVAS, A BERGE, JP BERTOLUCCI, S BHATTI, A BIERY, K BINKLEY, M BIRD, F BISELLO, D BLAIR, RE BLOCKER, C BODEK, A BOKHARI, W BOLOGNESI, V BORTOLETTO, D BOSWELL, C BOULOS, T BRANDENBURG, G BROMBERG, C BUCKLEYGEER, E BUDD, HS BURKETT, K BUSETTO, G BYONWAGNER, A BYRUM, KL CAMMERATA, J CAMPAGNARI, C CAMPBELL, M CANER, A CARITHERS, W CARLSMITH, D CASTRO, A CEN, Y CERVELLI, F CHAO, HY CHAPMAN, J CHENG, MT CHIARELLI, G CHIKAMATSU, T CHIOU, CN CHRISTOFEK, L CIHANGIR, S CLARK, AG COBAL, M CONTRERAS, M CONWAY, J COOPER, J CORDELLI, M COUYOUMTZELIS, C CRANE, D CUNNINGHAM, JD DANIELS, T DEJONGH, F DELCHAMPS, S DELLAGNELLO, S DELLORSO, M DEMORTIER, L DENBY, B DENINNO, M DERWENT, PF DEVLIN, T DICKSON, M DITTMANN, JR DONATI, S DRUCKER, RB DUNN, A EINSWEILER, K ELIAS, JE ELY, R ENGELS, E ENO, S ERREDE, D ERREDE, S FAN, Q FARHAT, B FIORI, I FLAUGHER, B FOSTER, GW FRANKLIN, M FRAUTSCHI, M FREEMAN, J FRIEDMAN, J FRISCH, H FRY, A FUESS, TA FUKUI, Y FUNAKI, S GAGLIARDI, G GALEOTTI, S GALLINARO, M GARFINKEL, AF GEER, S GERDES, DW GIANNETTI, P GIOKARIS, N GIROMINI, P GLADNEY, L GLENZINSKI, D GOLD, M GONZALEZ, J GORDON, A GOSHAW, AT GOULIANOS, K GRASSMANN, H GREWAL, A GROER, L GROSSOPILCHER, C HABER, C HAHN, SR HAMILTON, R HANDLER, R HANS, RM HARA, K HARRAL, B HARRIS, RM HAUGER, SA HAUSER, J HAWK, C HEINRICH, J CRONINHENNESSY, D HOLLEBEEK, R HOLLOWAY, L HOLSCHER, A HONG, S HOUK, G HU, P HUFFMAN, BT HUGHES, R HURST, P HUSTON, J HUTH, J HYLEN, J INCAGLI, M INCANDELA, J ISO, H JENSEN, H JESSOP, CP JOSHI, U KADEL, RW KAJFASZ, E KAMON, T KANEKO, T KARDELIS, DA KASHA, H KATO, Y KEEBLE, L KENNEDY, RD KEPHART, R KESTEN, P KESTENBAUM, D KEUP, RM KEUTELIAN, H KEYVAN, F KIM, DH KIM, HS KIM, SB KIM, SH KIM, YK KIRSCH, L KOEHN, P KONDO, K KONIGSBERG, J KOPP, S KORDAS, K KOSKA, W KOVACS, E KOWALD, W KRASBERG, M KROLL, J KRUSE, M KUHLMANN, SE KUNS, E LAASANEN, AT LABANCA, N LAMMEL, S LAMOUREUX, JI LECOMPTE, T LEONE, S LEWIS, JD LIMON, P LINDGREN, M LISS, TM LOCKYER, N LOOMIS, C LONG, O LORETI, M LOW, EH LU, J LUCCHESI, D LUCHINI, CB LUKENS, P LYS, J MAAS, P MAESHIMA, K MAGHAKIAN, A MAKSIMOVIC, P MANGANO, M MANSOUR, J MARIOTTI, M MARRINER, JP MARTIN, A MATTHEWS, JAJ MATTINGLY, R MCINTYRE, P MELESE, P MENZIONE, A MESCHI, E MICHAIL, G MIKAMO, S MILLER, M MILLER, R MIMASHI, T MISCETTI, S MISHINA, M MITSUSHIO, H MIYASHITA, S MORITA, Y MOULDING, S MUELLER, J MUKHERJEE, A MULLER, T MUSGRAVE, P NAKAE, LF NAKANO, I NELSON, C NEUBERGER, D NEWMANHOLMES, C NODULMAN, L OGAWA, S OH, SH OH, KE OISHI, R OKUSAWA, T PAGLIARONE, C PAOLETTI, R PAPADIMITRIOU, V PAPPAS, SP PARK, S PATRICK, J PAULETTA, G PAULINI, M PESCARA, L PETERS, MD PHILLIPS, TJ PIACENTINO, G PILLAI, M PLUNKETT, R PONDROM, L PRODUIT, N PROUDFOOT, J PTOHOS, F PUNZI, G RAGAN, K RIMONDI, F RISTORI, L ROACHBELLINO, M ROBERTSON, WJ RODRIGO, T ROMANO, J ROSENSON, L SAKUMOTO, WK SALTZBERG, D SANSONI, A SCARPINE, V SCHINDLER, A SCHLABACH, P SCHMIDT, EE SCHMIDT, MP SCHNEIDER, O SCIACCA, GF SCRIBANO, A SEGLER, S SEIDEL, S SEIYA, Y SGANOS, G SGOLACCHIA, A SHAPIRO, M SHAW, NM SHEN, Q SHEPARD, PF SHIMOJIMA, M SHOCHET, M SIEGRIST, J SILL, A SINERVO, P SINGH, P SKARHA, J SLIWA, K SMITH, DA SNIDER, FD SONG, L SONG, T SPALDING, J SPIEGEL, L SPHICAS, P STANCO, L STEELE, J STEFANINI, A STRAHL, K STRAIT, J STUART, D SULLIVAN, C SUMOROK, K SWARTZ, RL TAKAHASHI, T TAKIKAWA, K TARTARELLI, F TAYLOR, W TENG, PK TERAMOTO, Y TETHER, S THERIOT, D THOMAS, J THOMAS, TL THUN, R TIMKO, M TIPTON, P TITOV, A TKACZYK, S TOLLEFSON, K TOLLESTRUP, A TONNISON, J DETROCONIZ, JF TSENG, J TURCOTTE, M TURINI, N UEMURA, N UKEGAWA, F UNAL, G VANDENBRINK, SC VEJCIK, S VIDAL, R VONDRACEK, M VUCINIC, D WAGNER, RG WAGNER, RL WAINER, N WALKER, RC WANG, C WANG, CH WANG, G WANG, J WANG, MJ WANG, QF WARBURTON, A WATTS, G WATTS, T WEBB, R WEI, C WENDT, C WENZEL, H WESTER, WC WESTHUSING, T WICKLUND, AB WICKLUND, E WILKINSON, R WILLIAMS, HH WILSON, P WINER, BL WOLINSKI, J WU, DY WU, X WYSS, J YAGIL, A YAO, W YASUOKA, K YE, Y YEH, GP YEH, P YIN, M YOH, J YOSEF, C YOSHIDA, T YOVANOVITCH, D YU, I YUN, JC ZANETTI, A ZETTI, F ZHANG, L ZHANG, S ZHANG, W ZUCCHELLI, S AF ABE, F ALBROW, MG AMENDOLIA, SR AMIDEI, D ANTOS, J ANWAYWIESE, C APOLLINARI, G ARETI, H ATAC, M AUCHINCLOSS, P AZFAR, F AZZI, P BACCHETTA, N BADGETT, W BAILEY, MW BAO, J DEBARBARO, P BARBAROGALTIERI, A BARNES, VE BARNETT, BA BARTALINI, P BAUER, G BAUMANN, T BEDESCHI, F BEHRENDS, S BELFORTE, S BELLETTINI, G BELLINGER, J BENJAMIN, D BENLLOCH, J BENSINGER, J BENTON, D BERETVAS, A BERGE, JP BERTOLUCCI, S BHATTI, A BIERY, K BINKLEY, M BIRD, F BISELLO, D BLAIR, RE BLOCKER, C BODEK, A BOKHARI, W BOLOGNESI, V BORTOLETTO, D BOSWELL, C BOULOS, T BRANDENBURG, G BROMBERG, C BUCKLEYGEER, E BUDD, HS BURKETT, K BUSETTO, G BYONWAGNER, A BYRUM, KL CAMMERATA, J CAMPAGNARI, C CAMPBELL, M CANER, A CARITHERS, W CARLSMITH, D CASTRO, A CEN, Y CERVELLI, F CHAO, HY CHAPMAN, J CHENG, MT CHIARELLI, G CHIKAMATSU, T CHIOU, CN CHRISTOFEK, L CIHANGIR, S CLARK, AG COBAL, M CONTRERAS, M CONWAY, J COOPER, J CORDELLI, M COUYOUMTZELIS, C CRANE, D CUNNINGHAM, JD DANIELS, T DEJONGH, F DELCHAMPS, S DELLAGNELLO, S DELLORSO, M DEMORTIER, L DENBY, B DENINNO, M DERWENT, PF DEVLIN, T DICKSON, M DITTMANN, JR DONATI, S DRUCKER, RB DUNN, A EINSWEILER, K ELIAS, JE ELY, R ENGELS, E ENO, S ERREDE, D ERREDE, S FAN, Q FARHAT, B FIORI, I FLAUGHER, B FOSTER, GW FRANKLIN, M FRAUTSCHI, M FREEMAN, J FRIEDMAN, J FRISCH, H FRY, A FUESS, TA FUKUI, Y FUNAKI, S GAGLIARDI, G GALEOTTI, S GALLINARO, M GARFINKEL, AF GEER, S GERDES, DW GIANNETTI, P GIOKARIS, N GIROMINI, P GLADNEY, L GLENZINSKI, D GOLD, M GONZALEZ, J GORDON, A GOSHAW, AT GOULIANOS, K GRASSMANN, H GREWAL, A GROER, L GROSSOPILCHER, C HABER, C HAHN, SR HAMILTON, R HANDLER, R HANS, RM HARA, K HARRAL, B HARRIS, RM HAUGER, SA HAUSER, J HAWK, C HEINRICH, J CRONINHENNESSY, D HOLLEBEEK, R HOLLOWAY, L HOLSCHER, A HONG, S HOUK, G HU, P HUFFMAN, BT HUGHES, R HURST, P HUSTON, J HUTH, J HYLEN, J INCAGLI, M INCANDELA, J ISO, H JENSEN, H JESSOP, CP JOSHI, U KADEL, RW KAJFASZ, E KAMON, T KANEKO, T KARDELIS, DA KASHA, H KATO, Y KEEBLE, L KENNEDY, RD KEPHART, R KESTEN, P KESTENBAUM, D KEUP, RM KEUTELIAN, H KEYVAN, F KIM, DH KIM, HS KIM, SB KIM, SH KIM, YK KIRSCH, L KOEHN, P KONDO, K KONIGSBERG, J KOPP, S KORDAS, K KOSKA, W KOVACS, E KOWALD, W KRASBERG, M KROLL, J KRUSE, M KUHLMANN, SE KUNS, E LAASANEN, AT LABANCA, N LAMMEL, S LAMOUREUX, JI LECOMPTE, T LEONE, S LEWIS, JD LIMON, P LINDGREN, M LISS, TM LOCKYER, N LOOMIS, C LONG, O LORETI, M LOW, EH LU, J LUCCHESI, D LUCHINI, CB LUKENS, P LYS, J MAAS, P MAESHIMA, K MAGHAKIAN, A MAKSIMOVIC, P MANGANO, M MANSOUR, J MARIOTTI, M MARRINER, JP MARTIN, A MATTHEWS, JAJ MATTINGLY, R MCINTYRE, P MELESE, P MENZIONE, A MESCHI, E MICHAIL, G MIKAMO, S MILLER, M MILLER, R MIMASHI, T MISCETTI, S MISHINA, M MITSUSHIO, H MIYASHITA, S MORITA, Y MOULDING, S MUELLER, J MUKHERJEE, A MULLER, T MUSGRAVE, P NAKAE, LF NAKANO, I NELSON, C NEUBERGER, D NEWMANHOLMES, C NODULMAN, L OGAWA, S OH, SH OH, KE OISHI, R OKUSAWA, T PAGLIARONE, C PAOLETTI, R PAPADIMITRIOU, V PAPPAS, SP PARK, S PATRICK, J PAULETTA, G PAULINI, M PESCARA, L PETERS, MD PHILLIPS, TJ PIACENTINO, G PILLAI, M PLUNKETT, R PONDROM, L PRODUIT, N PROUDFOOT, J PTOHOS, F PUNZI, G RAGAN, K RIMONDI, F RISTORI, L ROACHBELLINO, M ROBERTSON, WJ RODRIGO, T ROMANO, J ROSENSON, L SAKUMOTO, WK SALTZBERG, D SANSONI, A SCARPINE, V SCHINDLER, A SCHLABACH, P SCHMIDT, EE SCHMIDT, MP SCHNEIDER, O SCIACCA, GF SCRIBANO, A SEGLER, S SEIDEL, S SEIYA, Y SGANOS, G SGOLACCHIA, A SHAPIRO, M SHAW, NM SHEN, Q SHEPARD, PF SHIMOJIMA, M SHOCHET, M SIEGRIST, J SILL, A SINERVO, P SINGH, P SKARHA, J SLIWA, K SMITH, DA SNIDER, FD SONG, L SONG, T SPALDING, J SPIEGEL, L SPHICAS, P STANCO, L STEELE, J STEFANINI, A STRAHL, K STRAIT, J STUART, D SULLIVAN, C SUMOROK, K SWARTZ, RL TAKAHASHI, T TAKIKAWA, K TARTARELLI, F TAYLOR, W TENG, PK TERAMOTO, Y TETHER, S THERIOT, D THOMAS, J THOMAS, TL THUN, R TIMKO, M TIPTON, P TITOV, A TKACZYK, S TOLLEFSON, K TOLLESTRUP, A TONNISON, J DETROCONIZ, JF TSENG, J TURCOTTE, M TURINI, N UEMURA, N UKEGAWA, F UNAL, G VANDENBRINK, SC VEJCIK, S VIDAL, R VONDRACEK, M VUCINIC, D WAGNER, RG WAGNER, RL WAINER, N WALKER, RC WANG, C WANG, CH WANG, G WANG, J WANG, MJ WANG, QF WARBURTON, A WATTS, G WATTS, T WEBB, R WEI, C WENDT, C WENZEL, H WESTER, WC WESTHUSING, T WICKLUND, AB WICKLUND, E WILKINSON, R WILLIAMS, HH WILSON, P WINER, BL WOLINSKI, J WU, DY WU, X WYSS, J YAGIL, A YAO, W YASUOKA, K YE, Y YEH, GP YEH, P YIN, M YOH, J YOSEF, C YOSHIDA, T YOVANOVITCH, D YU, I YUN, JC ZANETTI, A ZETTI, F ZHANG, L ZHANG, S ZHANG, W ZUCCHELLI, S TI UPSILON-PRODUCTION IN P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS AT ROOT-S=1.8 TEV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARKONIUM AB We report on measurements of the Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) differential, (d(2) sigma/dP(t)dy)(y=0), and integrated cross sections in p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV using a sample of 16.6 +/- 0.6 pb(-1) collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The three resonances were reconstructed through the decay Upsilon --> mu(+)mu(-). Comparison is made to a leading order QCD prediction. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV BOLOGNA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BRANDEIS UNIV,WALTHAM,MA 02254. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27708. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. MCGILL UNIV,INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A7,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. OSAKA CITY UNIV,OSAKA 588,JAPAN. UNIV PADUA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PADOVA,I-35131 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PISA,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. SCUOLA NORMALE SUPER PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. ACAD SINICA,TAIPEI 11529,TAIWAN. SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER LAB,DALLAS,TX 75237. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS TECH UNIV,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. UNIV TSUKUBA,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. TUFTS UNIV,MEDFORD,MA 02155. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP ABE, F (reprint author), NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,KEK,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RI Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014 OI Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787 NR 22 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4358 EP 4363 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4358 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000006 ER PT J AU LAPENTA, G AF LAPENTA, G TI DIPOLE-MOMENTS ON DUST PARTICLES IMMERSED IN ANISOTROPIC PLASMAS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB The process of dust particulate charging in plasmas is investigated in the presence of bulk drift velocities. An accurate self-consistent particle-in-cell simulation method is used. The results show the presence of dipole moments on dielectric dust particles. This effect is relevant to studies of dust coagulation, as it can enhance the coagulation rate. A theoretical analysis of the effect is presented. The theory represents correctly the relevant physical processes and provides a good estimation of the charge and the dipole moment on dust particles. RP LAPENTA, G (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MAIL STOP B216,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 15 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4409 EP 4412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4409 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000018 ER PT J AU LEVINTON, FM ZARNSTORFF, MC BATHA, SH BELL, M BELL, RE BUDNY, RV BUSH, C CHANG, Z FREDRICKSON, E JANOS, A MANICKAM, J RAMSEY, A SABBAGH, SA SCHMIDT, GL SYNAKOWSKI, EJ TAYLOR, G AF LEVINTON, FM ZARNSTORFF, MC BATHA, SH BELL, M BELL, RE BUDNY, RV BUSH, C CHANG, Z FREDRICKSON, E JANOS, A MANICKAM, J RAMSEY, A SABBAGH, SA SCHMIDT, GL SYNAKOWSKI, EJ TAYLOR, G TI IMPROVED CONFINEMENT WITH REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR IN TFTR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; BETA; STABILITY AB A new tokamak confinement regime has been observed on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) where particle and ion thermal diffusivities drop precipitously by a factor of similar to 40 to the neoclassical level for the particles and to much less than the neoclassical value for the ions in the region with reversed shear. This enhanced reversed shear confinement mode allows the central electron density to rise from 0.45 x 10(20) m(-3) to similar to 1.2 X 10(20) m(-3) with T-i similar to 24 keV and T-e similar to 8 keV. This regime holds promise for significantly improved tokamak performance. C1 PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. RP LEVINTON, FM (reprint author), FUS PHYS & TECHNOL,TORRANCE,CA 90503, USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 30 TC 591 Z9 593 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4417 EP 4420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4417 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000020 ER PT J AU STRAIT, EJ LAO, LL MAUEL, ME RICE, BW TAYLOR, TS BURRELL, KH CHU, MS LAZARUS, EA OSBORNE, TH THOMPSON, SJ TURNBULL, AD AF STRAIT, EJ LAO, LL MAUEL, ME RICE, BW TAYLOR, TS BURRELL, KH CHU, MS LAZARUS, EA OSBORNE, TH THOMPSON, SJ TURNBULL, AD TI ENHANCED CONFINEMENT AND STABILITY IN DIII-D DISCHARGES WITH REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID D TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; MODES; BETA AB Peaked pressure profiles and central ion temperatures up to 20 keV are observed in DIII-D H-mode discharges with a central region of strongly reversed magnetic shear. Short wavelength ballooning modes are stabilized by access to the second stable regime, longer wavelength modes by a conducting wall and possibly by rotational shear. Values of normalized beta, beta(N) = beta aB/I, up to 4 (%-m-T/MA), energy confinement are a factor of 3 better than L mode, and at least 50% of the noninductive plasma current in this regime demonstrates compatibility with requirements for a steady-state high-beta tokamak powerplant. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10027. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP STRAIT, EJ (reprint author), GEN ATOM CO,POB 85608,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186, USA. OI Mauel, Michael/0000-0003-2490-7478 NR 29 TC 512 Z9 516 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4421 EP 4424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4421 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000021 ER PT J AU HANSEN, LB STOKBRO, K LUNDQVIST, BI JACOBSEN, KW DEAVEN, DM AF HANSEN, LB STOKBRO, K LUNDQVIST, BI JACOBSEN, KW DEAVEN, DM TI NATURE OF DISLOCATIONS IN SILICON SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULTS; CORE; DISSOCIATION AB Interaction between two partial 90 degrees edge dislocations is studied with atomic-scale simulations using the effective-medium tight-binding method. A large separation between the two dislocations (up to 30 Angstrom), comparable to experimental values, is achieved with a solution of the tight-binding Hamiltonian that scales linearly with the number of atoms. The partial edge dislocation is found to be very accurately described by the Peierls-Nabarro dislocation model, with generalized stacking-fault restoring forces, as reflected both in the interaction energy and in the displacement field. An asymmetric core reconstruction provides fourfold coordination, making Si behave elastically down to atomic distances. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV, S-41296 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. SCUOLA INT SUPER STUDI AVANZATI, I-34014 TRIESTE, ITALY. TECH UNIV DENMARK, CTR ATOM SCALE MAT PHYS, DK-2800 LYNGBY, DENMARK. TECH UNIV DENMARK, DEPT PHYS, DK-2800 LYNGBY, DENMARK. AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL, DEPT APPL PHYS, S-41296 GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN. RI Jacobsen, Karsten/B-3602-2009; Lundqvist, Bengt/A-9013-2011 OI Jacobsen, Karsten/0000-0002-1121-2979; NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4444 EP 4447 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4444 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000027 ER PT J AU RADAELLI, PG COX, DE MAREZIO, M CHEONG, SW SCHIFFER, PE RAMIREZ, AP AF RADAELLI, PG COX, DE MAREZIO, M CHEONG, SW SCHIFFER, PE RAMIREZ, AP TI SIMULTANEOUS STRUCTURAL, MAGNETIC, AND ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS IN LA1-XCAXMNO3 WITH X=0.25 AND 0.50 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE AB The magnetic transitions in La1-xCaxMnO3 (x = 0.25,0.50) were studied by synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction. For x = 0.25 the large Delta V = 0.13% at T-C is due to the simultaneous insulator-to-metal transition. For x = 0.50 below T-C we observed a drastic decrease of the b axis and an increase of the a and c axes, due to a Jahn-Teller distortion of MnO6 octahedra. The ferromagnetic transition for x = 0.50 is accompanied by an unusual peak broadening terminating at T-N. This newly observed behavior can be explained assuming that multiple intermediate phases are simultaneously present in the sample. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,UJF,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP RADAELLI, PG (reprint author), INST MAX VON LAUE PAUL LANGEVIN,BP 156,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 NR 13 TC 576 Z9 579 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4488 EP 4491 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4488 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000038 ER PT J AU JACOBS, T SRIDHAR, S LI, Q GU, GD KOSHIZUKA, N AF JACOBS, T SRIDHAR, S LI, Q GU, GD KOSHIZUKA, N TI INPLANE AND (C)OVER-CAP-AXIS MICROWAVE PENETRATION DEPTH OF BI2SR2CA1CU2O8+DELTA CRYSTALS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; RESISTIVITY; SCATTERING AB The complete temperature dependences of the in-plane and (c) over cap-axis microwave (10 GHz) penetration depth lambda(T) and the surface resistance R(s)(T) of high quality Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+delta crystals are reported. In contrast to earlier measurements, a leading lambda(ab) proportional to T dependence is observed at low temperatures, consistent with nodes in the in-plane gap. The overall behavior of lambda(ab)(T) and R(s ab)(T) is similar to that of YBa2Cu3Oy at low T, but differs at temperatures near T-c. The (c) over cap-axis penetration depth lambda(c)(T) is shown to best agree with a model of weakly coupled superconducting layers with nodes in the gap. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. ISTEC,SUPERCONDUCT RES LAB,KATO KU,10-13,TOKYO 135,JAPAN. RP JACOBS, T (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,360 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. RI Sridhar, Srinivas/A-3688-2012 NR 28 TC 187 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4516 EP 4519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4516 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000045 ER PT J AU WU, X KYCIA, SW OLSON, CG BENNING, PJ GOLDMAN, AI LYNCH, DW AF WU, X KYCIA, SW OLSON, CG BENNING, PJ GOLDMAN, AI LYNCH, DW TI ELECTRONIC BAND DISPERSION AND PSEUDOGAP IN QUASI-CRYSTALS - ANGULAR-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION-STUDIES ON ICOSAHEDRAL AL70PD21.5MN8.5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AL-LI-CU; QUASI-CRYSTALS; PHASE; MODEL AB Angular-resolved photoelectron spectra from the fivefold surface of single-grain icosahedral Al70Pd21.5Mn8.5 exhibit a quasiperiodic dispersion of 300 meV at 2.3 eV binding energy. Low energy electron diffraction studies confirm quasicrystalline order at the surface. A distinct pseudogap feature is observed with a density of states near the Fermi level decreasing as a square-root power law. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP WU, X (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 24 BP 4540 EP 4543 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4540 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ630 UT WOS:A1995TJ63000051 ER PT J AU PENETRANTE, BM HSIAO, MC BARDSLEY, JN MERRITT, BT VOGTLIN, GE WALLMAN, PH KUTHI, A BURKHART, CP BAYLESS, JR AF PENETRANTE, BM HSIAO, MC BARDSLEY, JN MERRITT, BT VOGTLIN, GE WALLMAN, PH KUTHI, A BURKHART, CP BAYLESS, JR TI ELECTRON-BEAM AND PULSED CORONA PROCESSING OF CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE IN ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE GAS STREAMS SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID UV ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; IMPACT DISSOCIATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; KINETICS; OXYGEN; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES; PHOTONS; PLASMA; CHCL3 AB Experimental results are presented on electron beam and pulsed corona processing of atmospheric-pressure gas streams containing dilute concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Electron beam processing is remarkably more energy efficient than pulsed corona processing in decomposing CCl4. The specific energy consumption in each reactor is consistent with dissociative electron attachment as the dominant decomposition pathway. The energy efficiency of the plasma process is insensitive to the gas temperature, at least up to 300 degrees C. By doing the experiments using both dry air and N-2, the contribution of O radicals in the decomposition of CCl4 is assessed. A discussion of the chemical kinetics starting from the initial decomposition of CCl4 to the formation of products is presented. C1 FIRST POINT SCI INC,AGOURA HILLS,CA 91301. RP PENETRANTE, BM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00789-4 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ453 UT WOS:A1995TJ45300013 ER PT J AU MAZZOLO, A POLLOCK, EL ZERAH, G AF MAZZOLO, A POLLOCK, EL ZERAH, G TI INHOMOGENEITY AND CURRENT CORRECTIONS TO A NONUNIFORM ELECTRONIC SYSTEM IN STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; THOMAS-FERMI; ATOMS AB Using the polarizability of a free electron gas in a magnetic field and the current-density functional theory (CDFT) developed by Vignale and Rasolt, we derive the gradient and current corrections for the energy functional of a non-uniform electronic system in a strong magnetic field. First, we find the Tomishima-Shinjo functional by neglecting the current variation. Taking into account the current variation leads to new gradient terms which change contraction effects in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. C1 CTR ETUD LIMEIL VALENTON,F-94195 VILLENEUVE ST GEO,FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP MAZZOLO, A (reprint author), LAB PHYS THEOR & HAUT ENERGIES,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD DEC 11 PY 1995 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(95)00784-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TJ453 UT WOS:A1995TJ45300023 ER PT J AU BURROWS, A VANRIPER, KA AF BURROWS, A VANRIPER, KA TI A GAMMA-RAY MONTE-CARLO STUDY OF THE CLUMPY DEBRIS OF SN 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GAMMA RAYS, THEORY; ISM, ABUNDANCES; ISM, CLOUDS SUPERNOVAE, INDIVIDUAL (1987A); X-RAYS, ISM ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; X-RAY; LINE EMISSION; SN-1987A; RESOLUTION; PROSPECTS; PROFILES; FLUXES; COBALT; NICKEL AB We have performed Monte Carlo calculations of gamma-ray transport in models of the clumpy debris cloud of the LMC supernova, SN 1987A, to study the influence of composition mixing and heterogeneity on its emergent gamma-ray and X-ray fluxes. In particular, we have focused an the problematic Ginga band (16-28 keV) flux at day 600, whose measured value was an order of magnitude higher than predicted by previous theory. We find that the hydrogen of the envelope could not have been intimately mixed with the heavy elements of the core and that the hydrogen/helium volume filling factor interior to 4000 km s(-1) must have been large (greater than or equal to 40%). Furthermore, we demonstrate that one cannot mimic the effects of clumping by artificially decreasing the photoelectric cross sections by some factor. A physical separation of the Compton scattering region and the regions occupied by the high-Z elements is required. The 600 day models that best fit both the line data at 847 keV and 1238 keV and the measured Ginga band fluxes suggest that as much as 50% of the explosively produced Ni-56 stayed interior to 1000 km s(-1) and 2 M.. The Ni-56 may have been more centrally concentrated than in the benchmark models. Ni-56 filling factors greater than 60% are not preferred, since such models are too good at absorbing photons below 100 keV. Furthermore, a total envelope mass between 10 and 15 M. is favored. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ASTRON,TUCSON,AZ 85721. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TRANSPORT METHODS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP BURROWS, A (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PHYS,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 1 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1086/176569 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TG830 UT WOS:A1995TG83000021 ER PT J AU LEE, SJ OLINTO, AV SIGL, G AF LEE, SJ OLINTO, AV SIGL, G TI EXTRAGALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD AND THE HIGHEST ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMIC RAYS; GAMMA RAYS, THEORY; MAGNETIC FIELDS ID SPECTRUM AB The strength and spectrum of the extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF) are still unknown. Its measurement would help answer the question of whether galactic fields are purely a primordial relic or whether they were dynamically enhanced from a much smaller cosmological seed field. In this Letter, we show that the composition, spectrum, and directional distribution of extragalactic ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, with energies above similar or equal to 10(18) eV, can probe the large-scale component of the EGMF below the present observational upper limit of 10(-9) G. Cosmic-ray detectors under construction or currently in the proposal stage should be able to test the existence of the EGMFs on scales of a few to tens of megaparsecs and strengths in the range similar or equal to 10(-10) to 10(-9) G. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB, NASA, FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR, BATAVIA, IL 60510 USA. RP UNIV CHICAGO, ENRICO FERMI INST, DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 455 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TG831 UT WOS:A1995TG83100006 ER PT J AU Xie, GC Lobb, R Bruno, WJ Torney, DC Gatewood, JM AF Xie, GC Lobb, R Bruno, WJ Torney, DC Gatewood, JM TI Single-base sequencing and similarity comparisons SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article AB A ''single-base sequence'' is a DNA sequence in which the identities and locations of bases of only one type have been determined. We present experimental procedures for single-base sequencing and describe the effective use of existing software (FASTA) in similarity comparisons of single-base sequences. We determined the theoretical and experimental minimum sequence lengths required for identification of a sequence within a large dataset and optimized the FASTA parameters for use in single-base similarity comparisons. Single-base sequences have been used to identify cDNAs occurring in a database. Single-base sequencing could be used to reduce the redundancy of ''shotgun sequencing.'' (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI LS2,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 30 IS 3 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1006/geno.1995.1263 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA TN858 UT WOS:A1995TN85800006 PM 8825629 ER PT J AU Komashko, A Musher, S Turitsyn, S Rubenchik, A Feit, M AF Komashko, A Musher, S Turitsyn, S Rubenchik, A Feit, M TI Relativistic self-focusing in a plasma SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSE; UNDERDENSE PLASMA AB The general properties of stationary waveguides formed in plasma by relativistic self-focusing of ultrapowerful laser pulses are investigated on the basis of a modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation. It is shown that the waveguides can transport arbitrary amounts of energy and that their characteristic size has a lower limit. The formation of the waveguides is studied. It is found that for ultrahigh laser power levels a qualitatively new regime of self-excited oscillations of the ''vacuum channel'' appears. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Komashko, A (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST AUTOMAT SYST & ELECTROMETRY,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 62 IS 11 BP 860 EP 865 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TU022 UT WOS:A1995TU02200004 ER PT J AU Jones, DA Stuart, AM AF Jones, DA Stuart, AM TI Attractive invariant manifolds under approximation. Inertial manifolds SO JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; DISCRETIZATION; SMOOTHNESS; SEMICONTINUITY; CONVERGENCE; CRITERION; SCHEMES AB A class of nonlinear dissipative partial differential equations that possess finite dimensional attractive invariant manifolds is considered. An existence and perturbation theory is developed which unifies the cases of unstable manifolds and inertial manifolds into a single framework. It is shown that certain approximations of these equations, such as those arising from spectral or finite element methods in space, one-step time-discretization or a combination of both, also have attractive invariant manifolds. Convergence of the approximate manifolds to the true manifolds is established as the approximation is refined. in this part of the paper applications to the behavior of inertial manifolds under approximation are considered. From this analysis deductions about the structure of the attractor and the flow on the attractor under discretization can be made. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DIV APPL MECH, SCCM PROGRAM, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP Jones, DA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, IGPP, MAIL STOP C305, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-0396 J9 J DIFFER EQUATIONS JI J. Differ. Equ. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 2 BP 588 EP 637 DI 10.1006/jdeq.1995.1174 PG 50 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA TL092 UT WOS:A1995TL09200008 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Johnson, LR Pulliam, J AF Vasco, DW Johnson, LR Pulliam, J TI Lateral variations in mantle velocity structure and discontinuities determined from P, PP, S, SS, and SS-SdS travel time residuals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID OVERTONE WAVEFORM INVERSION; TOMOGRAPHIC INVERSION; SCS REVERBERATIONS; TRANSITION ZONE; EARTH STRUCTURE; WAVES; ISC; HETEROGENEITY; PRECURSORS; ANISOTROPY AB On the basis of P, PP, S, SS arrival times and SS - S410S, SS - S660S differential times, we construct models of mantle P and S velocity structure and boundary topography of the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities. Events from the catalog of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) are relocated relative to the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior 1991 (IASP91) velocity model using both P and S arrival times. The arrival times are corrected for ellipticity and the PP and SS residuals are corrected for the topography at the bounce point. The cap-averaged PP - P and SS - S differential time residuals, plotted at the PP and SS surface reflection points, form broad coherent patterns. The geographic distribution of the cap averaged residuals agrees quite well with PP - P and SS - S differential time residuals derived from long period Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) data. A robust l(p) inversion scheme is used to infer global mantle structure. Synthetic tests indicate that for regions well sampled by SS - S410S and SS - S660S differential times, the velocity estimates are not seriously contaminated by the topography of the 410- and BGO-km discontinuities. However, estimates of boundary deflections may be influenced by extensive P and S velocity variations of 3 % or greater. We find the 410-km discontinuity to be depressed by as much as 24 km beneath North America. Conversely, the discontinuity is deflected upward underneath Eurasia. In some regions the topography of the 660-km discontinuity is quite distinct from that of the 410-km discontinuity, but the two appear to be positively correlated. A series of depressions are found at several intersections of the BGO-km discontinuity with known subduction zones. The elevated topography in the 410-km discontinuity beneath Europe is underlain by a trough in the 660-km discontinuity. A number of subduction zones are characterized by a thinning of the transition zone. Negative P and S velocity anomalies, underlying back-are basins and tectonically active continental regions, encircle the Pacific. Where they are resolved, the stable continental cratons are systematically positive velocity features that extend below 200 km. With the inclusion of PP and SS travel time residuals we are better able to constrain midmantle structure. Most notably, in the depth range 35-660 km beneath the Northwest Pacific we observe high P velocity. Where they are resolved, mid-ocean ridges are most clearly imaged as low velocity features in the S model. The northern portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is underlain by negative S velocity anomalies. In the Pacific, the East Pacific Rise is an extensive low S velocity anomaly. C1 UNIV TEXAS, INST GEOPHYS, AUSTIN, TX 78759 USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV EARTH SCI, CTR COMP SEISMOL, 1 CYCLOTRON RD, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 66 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B12 BP 24037 EP 24059 DI 10.1029/95JB00150 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TK614 UT WOS:A1995TK61400003 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Wang, HF AF Berryman, JG Wang, HF TI The elastic coefficients of double-porosity models for fluid transport in jointed rock SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; CONSOLIDATION; COMPRESSIBILITY; POROELASTICITY; CONSTITUENTS; STABILITY; STRESS AB Phenomenological equations (with coefficients to be determined by specified experiments) for the poroelastic behavior of a dual porosity medium are formulated, and the coefficients in these Linear equations are identified. The generalization from the single-porosity case increases the number of independent coefficients for volume deformation from three to six for an isotropic applied stress. The physical interpretations are based upon considerations of different temporal and spatial scales. For very short times, both matrix and fractures behave in an undrained fashion. For very long times, the double-porosity medium behaves like an equivalent single-porosity medium. At the macroscopic spatial level, the pertinent parameters (such as the total compressibility) may be determined by appropriate field tests. At an intermediate or mesoscopic scale, pertinent parameters of the rock matrix can be determined directly through laboratory measurements on core, and the compressibility can be measured for a single fracture. All six coefficients are determined from the three poroelastic matrix coefficients and the fracture compressibility from the single assumption that the solid grain modulus of the composite is approximately the same as that of the matrix for a small fracture porosity. Under this assumption, the total compressibility and three-dimensional storage coefficient of the composite are the volume averages of the matrix and fracture contributions. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808 L-202, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 41 TC 112 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 100 IS B12 BP 24611 EP 24627 DI 10.1029/95JB02161 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TK614 UT WOS:A1995TK61400036 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, GR Quaranta, JL Shorter, RA Littlefield, LG AF Hoffmann, GR Quaranta, JL Shorter, RA Littlefield, LG TI Modulation of bleomycin-induced mitotic recombination in yeast by the aminothiols cysteamine and WR-1065 SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bleomycin; cysteamine; WR-1065; Saccharomyces; antimutagens ID INDUCED CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; G0 HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; 2-<(AMINOPROPYL)AMINO> ETHANETHIOL; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CROSSING-OVER; V79 CELLS; PROTECTION; INDUCTION; MUTATION AB The cancer chemotherapy drug bleomycin (BLM) is a potent inducer of genetic damage in a wide variety of assays. The radioprotectors cysteamine (CSM) and WR-1065 have been shown in previous studies to potentiate the induction of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations by BLM in G(0) human lymphocytes. By contrast, WR-1065 is reported to reduce the induction of hprt mutations by BLM in Chinese hamster cells. To elucidate the basis for these interactions, we examined the effects of CSM and WR-1065 on the induction of mitotic gene conversion by BLM in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Treatment with BLM causes a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of mitotic gene conversion and gene mutations. Unlike its potentiation of BLM in G(0) lymphocytes, WR-1065 protected against the recombinagenicity of BLM in yeast. CSM was also strongly antirecombinagenic under some conditions, but the nature of the interaction depended strongly on the treatment conditions. Under hypoxic conditions, cysteamine protected against BLM, but under oxygen-rich conditions CSM potentiated the genetic activity of BLM. The protective effect of aminothiols against BLM may be ascribed to the depletion of oxygen required for the activation of BLM and the processing of BLM-induced damage. Aminothiols may potentiate the effect of BLM by acting as an electron source for the activation of BLM and/or by causing conformational alterations that make DNA more accessible to BLM. The results indicate that aminothiols have a strong modulating influence on the genotoxicity of BLM in yeast as they do in other genetic assays. Moreover, the modulation differs markedly depending on physiological conditions. Thus, yeast assays help to explain why aminothiols have been observed to potentiate BLM in some genetic systems and to protect against it in others. C1 OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,DIV MED SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Hoffmann, GR (reprint author), COLL HOLY CROSS,DEPT BIOL,WORCESTER,MA 01610, USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD DEC 10 PY 1995 VL 249 IS 4 BP 366 EP 374 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA TL644 UT WOS:A1995TL64400002 PM 8552041 ER PT J AU RUSSO, T ZAMBRANO, N ESPOSITO, F AMMENDOLA, R CIMINO, F FISCELLA, M JACKMAN, J OCONNOR, PM ANDERSON, CW APPELLA, E AF RUSSO, T ZAMBRANO, N ESPOSITO, F AMMENDOLA, R CIMINO, F FISCELLA, M JACKMAN, J OCONNOR, PM ANDERSON, CW APPELLA, E TI A P53-INDEPENDENT PATHWAY FOR ACTIVATION OF WAF1/CIP1 EXPRESSION FOLLOWING OXIDATIVE STRESS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WILD-TYPE P53; PROTEIN KINASE-C; IONIZING-RADIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE; DNA; BINDING; GROWTH; CELLS; WILD-TYPE-P53 AB Incubating human cells in diethylmaleate (DEM) depletes the intracellular pool of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increases the concentration of oxidative free radicals. We found that DEM-induced oxidative stress reduced the ability of p53 to bind its consensus recognition sequence and to activate transcription of a p53-specific reporter gene. Nevertheless, DEM treatment induced expression of WAF1/CIP1 but not GADD45 mRNA. The fact that N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH that blocks oxidative stress, prevented WAF1/CIP1 induction by DEM suggests that WAF1/CIP1 induction probably was a consequence of the ability of DEM to reduce intracellular GSH levels. DEM induced WAF1/CIP1 expression in Saos-2 and T98G cells, both of which lack functional p53 protein. DEM treatment did not produce an increase in membrane-associated protein kinase C, but ERK2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, was phosphorylated in a manner consistent with ERK2 activation. DEM treatment also produced a dose-dependent delay in cell cycle progression, which at low concentrations (0.25 mM) consisted of a G(2)/M arrest and at higher concentrations (1 mM) also involved G(1) and S phase delays. Our results indicate that oxidative stress induces WAF1/CIP1 expression and arrests cell cycle progression through a mechanism that is independent of p53. This mechanism may provide for cell cycle checkpoint control under conditions that inactivate p53. C1 NCI,CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV NAPLES FEDERICO II,DIPARTIMENTO BIOCHIM & BIOTECNOL MED,I-80131 NAPLES,ITALY. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. NCI,DIV CANC TREATMENT,MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. RI Zambrano, Nicola/B-9352-2014; Russo, Tommaso/K-1331-2016; Esposito, Franca/K-2024-2016 OI Zambrano, Nicola/0000-0001-9395-3481; Russo, Tommaso/0000-0003-4426-0106; Esposito, Franca/0000-0001-9340-6875 NR 59 TC 212 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 49 BP 29386 EP 29391 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TJ227 UT WOS:A1995TJ22700055 PM 7493974 ER PT J AU BROWN, WR GLAUSER, WA LESTER, WA AF BROWN, WR GLAUSER, WA LESTER, WA TI QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO FOR FLOPPY MOLECULES - VIBRATIONAL-STATES OF C-3 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; TRIATOMIC-MOLECULES; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; JET-COOLED-C3; DYNAMICS AB Correlation function quantum Monte Carlo, a stochastic method for simultaneously computing ground and excited states, has been used to calculate vibrational states of C-3 to ascertain the usefulness of the approach for weakly bound systems. Up to 14 low lying states of C-3 were determined for two potential energy surfaces. Furthermore, the vibrational wave functions have been examined to ascertain the linearity of C-3 C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP BROWN, WR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Brown, Willard/0000-0001-7369-6799 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 22 BP 9721 EP 9725 DI 10.1063/1.469935 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH657 UT WOS:A1995TH65700024 ER PT J AU LARSEN, RG LEE, YK HE, B YANG, JO LUZ, Z ZIMMERMANN, H PINES, A AF LARSEN, RG LEE, YK HE, B YANG, JO LUZ, Z ZIMMERMANN, H PINES, A TI C-13 CHEMICAL-SHIFT TENSOR CORRELATION VIA SPIN-DIFFUSION IN SOLID TROPOLONE USING SWITCHED-ANGLE SPINNING SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGIC-ANGLE; SELECTIVE EXCITATION; COMPLEX SOLIDS; ORGANIC-SOLIDS; EXCHANGE NMR; STATE NMR; SPECTRA AB In switched-angle spinning spectroscopy (SAS) a sample is spun about different angles, beta, relative to the magnetic field, during various periods of the experiment. In the present work, SAS is combined with two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy in order to correlate carbon-13 chemical shift tensors of the carbonyl (1) and hydroxyl (2) carbons of tropolone. Experiments were performed on a sample enriched to 25 at. % in each of these sites (at different molecules). At this level of enrichment the dominant exchange mechanism between the two sites involves spin diffusion, The experiment consists of a preparation period during which the sample spins at the magic angle and the magnetization of one of the sites is quenched by means of a selective pulse sequence. During the rest of the experiment the sample spins with its axis away from the magic angle except for a short period just before the detection where the axis is switched to the magic angle in order to select the magnetization to be detected. Experiments were performed for all four possible combinations of the initial and final magnetizations, thus providing chemical shift correlations between carbons 1,1',2, and 2' in the two magnetically inequivalent (but symmetry related) molecules in the unit cell. Combining these results with the known crystal structure of tropolone (neglecting a small tilt between the perpendicular to the molecular plane and the crystallographic c-axis) provides information on the orientation and magnitude of the chemical shift tensors of the two types of carbons, The principal values (in ppm) are sigma(xx)(1)=65, sigma(yy)(1)=33, sigma(zz)(1)=-98, sigma(xx)(2)=77, sigma(yy)(2)=17, and sigma(zz)(2)=-94. Assuming sigma(zz) to be perpendicular to the molecular plane, the orientations of the sigma(yy) s' are 12 degrees off the C-1=0 bond (toward the hydroxyl carbon) for carbon 1 and 10 degrees off the C-3=C-2 bond (away from the carbonyl carbon) for carbon 2. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT CHEM PHYS,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. AG MOLEKULKRISTALLE,MAX PLANCK INST MED FORSCH,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RP LARSEN, RG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI larsen, russell/H-3443-2013 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 22 BP 9844 EP 9854 DI 10.1063/1.469951 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH657 UT WOS:A1995TH65700040 ER PT J AU DAMBERGER, FF PELTON, JG LIU, C CHO, H HARRISON, CJ NELSON, HCM WEMMER, DE AF DAMBERGER, FF PELTON, JG LIU, C CHO, H HARRISON, CJ NELSON, HCM WEMMER, DE TI REFINED SOLUTION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF THE HEAT-SHOCK FACTOR FROM VEROMYCES LACTIS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; WINGED HELIX-TURN-HELIX; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; NMR SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN DYNAMICS ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HETERONUCLEAR NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL-FREE APPROACH; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; RELAXATION MEASUREMENTS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-4; COILED-COIL AB The solution structure of the 92 residue (11 kDa) winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain from the kluyveromyces lactis heat shock factor was refined using a total of 932 NOE, 35 phi, 25 chi 1, 5 chi 2 and 44 hydrogen bond restraints. The overall root-mean-square deviation for structured regions was 0.75(+/-0.15) Angstrom. The three-helix bundle and four-stranded beta-sheet are well defined. with rmsd of 0.53(+/-0.10) Angstrom and 0.60(+/-0.17) Angstrom, respectively Helix H2 is underwound and bent near Pro45. The angle between helix H2 and the proposed recognition helix H3 is 96(+/-6)degrees. Detailed comparisons are made with the X-ray structure of this protein as well as other structural studies on HSF. Overall, the results are consistent with the earlier studies. Differences are related to protein-protein interactions in the crystal and dynamics in solution. Backbone dynamics was investigated via N-15 relaxation. The average R(1), R(2) and NOE values for residues in segments of secondary structure were 1.9(+/-0.9) s(-1), 7.8(+/-0.9) s(-1) and 0.81(+/-0.05), respectively. The correlation time based on these data was 5.6(+/-0.4) ns. Motional order parameters were calculated by fitting the relaxation data to one of three models. Low-order parameters were found for residues that comprise the turn between helices H2 and H3 (residues Lys49 to Phe53), and most strikingly the 16 residue wing (residues Val68 to Arg83). These data are consistent with the lack of long-range NOEs identified in these regions. The data provide a basis for comparison with results of the protein-DNA complex. The relationship between structure and function is discussed. (C) 1995 Academic Press Limited C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV STRUCT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Damberger, Fred/A-8938-2011 OI Damberger, Fred/0000-0002-8457-3409 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 44086] NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 254 IS 4 BP 704 EP 719 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1995.0649 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TJ632 UT WOS:A1995TJ63200016 PM 7500344 ER PT J AU DING, YS GATLEY, SJ FOWLER, JS CHEN, RY VOLKOW, ND LOGAN, J SHEA, CE SUGANO, Y KOOMEN, J AF DING, YS GATLEY, SJ FOWLER, JS CHEN, RY VOLKOW, ND LOGAN, J SHEA, CE SUGANO, Y KOOMEN, J TI MAPPING CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE IN-VIVO - INITIAL STUDIES WITH [F-18] RO41-0960 SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; F-18 LABELED RO41-0960; ENZYME MAPPING ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; DOPAMINE METABOLISM; METHYL TRANSFERASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; COMT INHIBITORS; BABOON BRAIN; RAT; LOCALIZATION; MEMBRANE AB Ro41-0960 is a potent, fluorine containing COMT inhibitor which has been reported to cross the blood brain barrier and to inhibit COMT in the brain. It is structurally similar to Ro40-7592 which is currently undergoing clinical trials in Parkinson's disease. Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies in baboon using F-18 labeled Ro41-0960 demonstrated a negligible uptake in the brain both at tracer doses and with the addition of unlabeled drug (1.5 mg/kg) at all times through a 90 min experimental interval. The brain to plasma ratios of F-18 averaged about 0.025. Region of interest analysis of the brain tissue area suggests that most of F-18 in the brain was due to the blood in the brain and not the brain tissue itself. However, high uptake was observed in the kidneys and in other organs which are known to have high COMT activity. Studies in mice showed that at 30 min after injection of tracer, F-18 in kidneys was largely as unchanged [18F]Ro41-0960 and that it could be displaced with unlabeled Ro41-0960. The fact that the average brain to blood ratio for mice (n=12) was 0.04, and that similar HPLC metabolite patterns were observed for brain and blood, provides consistent evidence that nearly all the F-18 in the brain repre-sents F-18 in the cerebral blood vessels. These studies raise the question of whether the central pharmacological effects of Ro41-0960 are due to its presence in the brain. They also provide the first example of a positron emitter labeled radiotracer for COMT, and provide initial encouraging evidence that [18F]Ro41-0960 may be used to examine COMT in peripheral organs in vivo. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PSYCHIAT,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP DING, YS (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 58 IS 3 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0024-3205(95)02277-5 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TJ770 UT WOS:A1995TJ77000004 ER PT J AU CHUANG, IL LAFLAMME, R SHOR, PW ZUREK, WH AF CHUANG, IL LAFLAMME, R SHOR, PW ZUREK, WH TI QUANTUM COMPUTERS, FACTORING, AND DECOHERENCE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB It is known that quantum computers can dramatically speed up the task of finding factors of large numbers, a problem of practical significance for cryptographic applications. Factors of an L-digit number can be found in similar to L(2) time [compared to similar to exp(L(1/3)) time] by a quantum computer, which simultaneously follows all paths corresponding to distinct classical inputs, obtaining the solution from the coherent quantum interference of the alternatives. Here it is shown how the decoherence process degrades the interference pattern that emerges from the quantum factoring algorithm. For a quantum computer performing logical operations, an exponential decay of quantum coherence is inevitable. However, even in the presence of exponential decoherence, quantum computation can be useful as long as a sufficiently low decoherence rate can be achieved to allow meaningful results to be extracted from the calculation. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP CHUANG, IL (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,EDWARD L GINZTON LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 22 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVAN SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1333 H ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 8 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 5242 BP 1633 EP 1635 DI 10.1126/science.270.5242.1633 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA TJ293 UT WOS:A1995TJ29300037 ER PT J AU Balachandran, U Dusek, JT Mieville, RL Poeppel, RB Kleefisch, MS Pei, S Kobylinski, TP Udovich, CA Bose, AC AF Balachandran, U Dusek, JT Mieville, RL Poeppel, RB Kleefisch, MS Pei, S Kobylinski, TP Udovich, CA Bose, AC TI Dense ceramic membranes for partial oxidation of methane to syngas SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE membrane; ceramic; methane oxidation; syngas ID DOPED STRONTIUM-TITANATE; OXYGEN; CONVERSION; CATALYSTS AB Several perovskite-type oxides (ABO(3)) containing transition metals on the B-site show mixed (electronic/ionic) conductivity, These mixed-conductivity oxides are promising materials for oxygen-permeating membranes that can operate without electrodes or external electrical circuitry. Oxides in the system La-Sr-Fe-Co-O permeate large amounts of oxygen, and extruded tubes of these materials have been evaluated in a reactor operating at ca, 850 degrees C for direct conversion of methane into syngas (CO+H-2) in the presence of a reforming catalyst. Methane conversion efficiencies of > 99% were observed, and some of the reactor tubes have been operated for over 1000 h. Membrane tubes were fabricated from calcined powders by a plastic extrusion technique. Ceramic powders in the La-Sr-Fe-Co-O system were made by solid-state reaction of the constituent carbonates, oxides, and/or nitrates. The chemical-phase behavior of the ceramic powders with varying stoichiometries were studied by high-temperature in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of oxygen partial pressure. The sintered extruded tubes were also characterized by XRD and scanning electron microscopy. C1 AMOCO RES CTR,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236. RP Balachandran, U (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 30 TC 278 Z9 297 U1 6 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD DEC 7 PY 1995 VL 133 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0926-860X(95)00159-X PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TM517 UT WOS:A1995TM51700004 ER PT J AU MARINKOVIC, NS FAWCETT, WR WANG, JX ADZIC, RR AF MARINKOVIC, NS FAWCETT, WR WANG, JX ADZIC, RR TI COADSORPTION OF PERCHLORATE AND BISULFATE IONS WITH TL ADATOMS ON PT(111) - A SNIFTERS STUDY SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRODES; ADSORPTION; SURFACES AB In situ reflection infrared spectroscopy with electrochemical modulation has been used to investigate the coadsorption of anions for the system Tl-ads/Pt(111) in dilute sulfuric and perchloric acids. For the first time evidence of coadsorption of perchlorate induced by underpotentially deposited Tl atoms is reported. The spectroscopic data show that the platinum surface is covered by Tl adatoms and by perchlorate or bisulfate from E = 0.4 V up to the onset of the Tl stripping peak. The possible structures of the Tl-ClO4 and Tl-HSO4 adlayers at Pt(111) are discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM,DAVIS,CA 95616. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,DIV CHEM SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 7 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 49 BP 17490 EP 17493 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TJ226 UT WOS:A1995TJ22600003 ER PT J AU CAVE, RJ NEWTON, MD KUMAR, K ZIMMT, MB AF CAVE, RJ NEWTON, MD KUMAR, K ZIMMT, MB TI THEORETICAL-STUDY OF SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE ELECTRONIC COUPLING MATRIX ELEMENT IN RIGIDLY LINKED DONOR-ACCEPTOR SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter AB The recently developed generalized Mulliken-Hush approach for the calculation of the electronic coupling matrix element for electron-transfer processes is applied to two rigidly linked donor-bridge-acceptor systems having dimethoxyanthracene as the donor and a dicarbomethoxycyclobutene unit as the acceptor. The dependence of the electronic coupling matrix element as a function of bridge type is examined with and without solvent molecules present. For clamp-shaped bridge structures solvent can have a dramatic effect on the electronic coupling matrix element. The behavior with variation of solvent is in good agreement with that observed experimentally for these systems. C1 BROWN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. HARVEY MUDD COLL,DEPT CHEM,CLAREMONT,CA 91711. RP CAVE, RJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Kumar, Krishna/B-3151-2009 OI Kumar, Krishna/0000-0002-0548-5014 NR 26 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 7 PY 1995 VL 99 IS 49 BP 17501 EP 17504 DI 10.1021/j100049a006 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TJ226 UT WOS:A1995TJ22600006 ER PT J AU DENG, YP SACHLEBEN, RA MOYER, BA AF DENG, YP SACHLEBEN, RA MOYER, BA TI EQUILIBRIUM ASPECTS OF THE EXTRACTION OF CESIUM NITRATE BY DICYCLOHEXANO-21-CROWN-7, DIBENZO-21-CROWN-7 AND BIS-[TERT-ALKYLBENZO]-21-CROWN-7 IN 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL CATIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN ETHERS; ION-PAIR; MACROCYCLE INTERACTION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SALT COMPLEXES; KINETIC DATA; NITRIC-ACID; CESIUM AB The extraction of caesium nitrate has been measured for the crown ethers dibenzo-21-crown-7 (DB21C7), bis-[4(5),4'(5')-tert-butylbenzo]-21-crown-7 [B(tBB)21C7], bis-[4,4'-tert-octylbenzo]-21-crown-7 [B(tOB)21C7] and dicyclohexano-21-crown-7 (DC21C7) in 1,2-dichloroethane at 25 degrees C. Variation of the aqueous caesium nitrate concentration up to 0.4 mol dm(-3) and organic-phase crown ether concentration up to 0.025 mol dm(-3) was modelled by the program SXLSQI. Formation of the species CsBNO3 (B = crown ether) and partial dissociation to the ions CsB+ and NO3- in the organic phase satisfactorily account for the observed behaviour of the benzo crown ethers. However, evidence for both 1:1 and 1:2 metal:crown complexes was obtained for DC21C7. Differences in alkylation of the benzo groups did not produce substantial differences in the extraction behaviour of the three benzo crowns. By contrast, DC21C7 extracts CsNO3 much more strongly than the benzo crowns. Extraction constants are compared with constants available from previous studies of caesium extraction by related polyoxyethylene compounds. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 55 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD DEC 7 PY 1995 VL 91 IS 23 BP 4215 EP 4222 DI 10.1039/ft9959104215 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH656 UT WOS:A1995TH65600005 ER PT J AU ABE, K AKAGI, T ANTHONY, PL ANTONOV, R ARNOLD, RG AVERETT, T BAND, HR BAUER, JM BOREL, H BOSTED, PE BRETON, V BUTTONSHAFER, J CHEN, JP CHUPP, TE CLENDENIN, J COMPTOUR, C COULTER, KP COURT, G CRABB, D DAOUDI, M DAY, D DIETRICH, FS DUNNE, J DUTZ, H ERBACHER, R FELLBAUM, J FELTHAM, A FONVIEILLE, H FRLEZ, E GARVEY, D GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRENIER, P GRIFFIOEN, KA HOIBRATEN, S HUGHES, EW HYDEWRIGHT, C JOHNSON, JR KAWALL, D KLEIN, A KUHN, SE KURIKI, M LINDGREN, R LIU, TJ LOMBARDNELSEN, RM MARRONCLE, J MARUYAMA, T MARUYAMA, XK MCCARTHY, J MEYER, W MEZIANI, ZE MINEHART, R MITHCHELL, J MORGENSTERN, J PETRATOS, GG PITTHAN, R POCANIC, D PRESCOTT, C PREPOST, R RAINES, P RAUE, B REYNA, D RIJLLART, A ROBLIN, Y ROCHESTER, LS ROCK, SE RONDON, OA SICK, I SMITH, LC SMITH, TB SPENGOS, M STALEY, F STEINER, P LORANT, SS STUART, LM SUEKANE, F SZALATA, ZM TANG, H TERRIEN, Y USHER, T WALZ, D WHITE, JL WITTE, K YOUNG, CC YOUNGMAN, B YUTA, H ZAPALAC, G ZIHLMANN, B ZIMMERMANN, D AF ABE, K AKAGI, T ANTHONY, PL ANTONOV, R ARNOLD, RG AVERETT, T BAND, HR BAUER, JM BOREL, H BOSTED, PE BRETON, V BUTTONSHAFER, J CHEN, JP CHUPP, TE CLENDENIN, J COMPTOUR, C COULTER, KP COURT, G CRABB, D DAOUDI, M DAY, D DIETRICH, FS DUNNE, J DUTZ, H ERBACHER, R FELLBAUM, J FELTHAM, A FONVIEILLE, H FRLEZ, E GARVEY, D GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRENIER, P GRIFFIOEN, KA HOIBRATEN, S HUGHES, EW HYDEWRIGHT, C JOHNSON, JR KAWALL, D KLEIN, A KUHN, SE KURIKI, M LINDGREN, R LIU, TJ LOMBARDNELSEN, RM MARRONCLE, J MARUYAMA, T MARUYAMA, XK MCCARTHY, J MEYER, W MEZIANI, ZE MINEHART, R MITHCHELL, J MORGENSTERN, J PETRATOS, GG PITTHAN, R POCANIC, D PRESCOTT, C PREPOST, R RAINES, P RAUE, B REYNA, D RIJLLART, A ROBLIN, Y ROCHESTER, LS ROCK, SE RONDON, OA SICK, I SMITH, LC SMITH, TB SPENGOS, M STALEY, F STEINER, P LORANT, SS STUART, LM SUEKANE, F SZALATA, ZM TANG, H TERRIEN, Y USHER, T WALZ, D WHITE, JL WITTE, K YOUNG, CC YOUNGMAN, B YUTA, H ZAPALAC, G ZIHLMANN, B ZIMMERMANN, D TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE Q(2)-DEPENDENCE OF THE PROTON AND DEUTERON SPIN STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(1)(P) AND G(1)(D) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP INELASTIC-SCATTERING; BJORKEN SUM-RULE; POLARIZED NUCLEONS; E-P; LEPTONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; ASYMMETRY AB The ratio g(1)/F-1 has been measured over the range 0.03 < x < 0.6 and 0.3 < Q(2) < 10 (GeV/c)(2) using deep-inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized protons and deuterons. We find g(1)/F-1 to be consistent with no Q(2)-dependence at fixed x in the deep-inelastic region Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c)(2). A trend is observed for g(1)/F-1 to decrease at lower Q(2). Fits to world data with and without a possible Q(2)-dependence in g(1)/F-1 are in agreement with the Bjorken sum rule, but Delta q is substantially less than the quark-parton model expectation. C1 UNIV BASEL,INST PHYS,CH-4056 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND,IN2P3,LPC,CNRS,F-63170 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. CEBAF,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. CENS,SERV PHYS NUCL,DAPNIA,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. USN,POSTGRAD SCH,MONTEREY,CA 93943. OLD DOMINION UNIV,NORFOLK,VA 23529. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. TEMPLE UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. TOHOKU UNIV,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV LIVERPOOL,OLIVER LODGE LAB,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. UNIV BONN,D-53113 BONN,GERMANY. FFIYM,N-2007 KJELLER,NORWAY. CERN,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. RP ABE, K (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Rondon Aramayo, Oscar/B-5880-2013; Frlez, Emil/B-6487-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 43 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 7 PY 1995 VL 364 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0370-2693(95)01340-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA TJ712 UT WOS:A1995TJ71200010 ER PT J AU ABUOMAR, MM ESPENSON, JH AF ABUOMAR, MM ESPENSON, JH TI FACILE ABSTRACTION OF SUCCESSIVE OXYGEN-ATOMS FROM PERCHLORATE IONS BY METHYLRHENIUM DIOXIDE SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; TRANSITION-METALS; MULTIPLE BONDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; METHYLTRIOXORHENIUM; OXIDATION; KINETICS; RHENIUM; OXIDES AB Methylrhenium dioxide, CH1ReO2, reduces perchlorate and chlorate ions by oxygen-atom abstraction at record-high rates, > 10(2,4) times more rapidly than any other values reported for these anions. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 25 BP 6239 EP & DI 10.1021/ic00129a005 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA TJ250 UT WOS:A1995TJ25000005 ER PT J AU ZUBKOWSKI, JD PERRY, DL VALENTE, EJ LOTT, S AF ZUBKOWSKI, JD PERRY, DL VALENTE, EJ LOTT, S TI A 7 COORDINATE CO-EDTA COMPLEX - CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF AQUO(ETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETATOACETIC ACID)COBALT(III) DIHYDRATE SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID CONDUCTOMETRIC TITRATION; NONAQUEOUS MEDIA; CHELATE; METALS; IONS AB We report the synthesis and characterization of a seven-coordinate cobalt(III) aquo-ethylenediaminetriacetatoacetic acid compound. The infrared spectrum of the complex is typical of cobalt- EDTA complexes. The structure of [Co(H2O)(C10H13N2O8]. 2H(2)O was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex displays a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry similar to aquo-EDTA complexes of titanium, manganese and iron. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MISSISSIPPI COLL,DEPT CHEM,CLINTON,MS 39058. RP ZUBKOWSKI, JD (reprint author), JACKSON STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOX 17910,1400 LYNCH ST,JACKSON,MS 39217, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 25 BP 6409 EP & DI 10.1021/ic00129a028 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA TJ250 UT WOS:A1995TJ25000028 ER PT J AU Staudigel, H Chastain, RA Yayanos, A Bourcier, W AF Staudigel, H Chastain, RA Yayanos, A Bourcier, W TI Biologically mediated dissolution of glass SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Mantle-Ocean Connection CY AUG 24-26, 1994 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP European Assoc Geochem, Netherlands Res Sch Sedimentary Geol AB Microbes play an important role in the dissolution of natural and synthetic glasses. The frequent technical use of glass and the abundance of glass at the earth's surface make this process one of the most important weathering reactions. In particular the alteration of volcanic glass provides a direct pathway for mantle-derived materials into the hydrosphere. To begin understanding the kinetics of these processes, we carried out three experiments exposing to seawater polished surfaces of nuclear-waste glass. The durations of experiments were: 410 days with continuously flowing sand-filtered, unsterilized seawater (approx. 2 X 10(6) 1; Exp. 1), 126 days with a marine cyanobacterium culture (50 ml, Exp. 2), and for 225 days under sterile conditions (250 ml, Exp. 3). The sterile experiment (Exp. 3) did not show significant signs of alteration. Exp. 1 resulted in development of a several mu m thick biofilm and surface corrosion with grooves exceeding 10 mu m in length and 0.5 mu m in width. Cyanobacterial cultures also developed a biofilm on the glass surfaces, thinner than in Exp. 1. The glass surfaces themselves were corroded with approximately 0.5-mu m-sized pits clustering in 5 mu m broad zones parallel to the polishing direction. These experiments show that biofilms develop within months and the corrosion of glass is enhanced by the presence of bacteria, The time scales of biologically mediated glass corrosion are fast when compared to most geological processes. We expect that volcanic ash is rapidly colonized in the oceanic water column, in deep-sea sediments, and in soils. The biological degradation of basaltic glass may contribute significantly to the oceanic nutrient cycle, the chemical exchange between bottom waters and marine sediments, and the fertility of volcanic soils. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Staudigel, H (reprint author), FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM, ISOTOPE GEOL LAB, DE BOELELAAN 1085, 1081 HV AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. NR 18 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 5 PY 1995 VL 126 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00115-X PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TK833 UT WOS:A1995TK83300006 ER PT J AU Travis, BJ AF Travis, BJ TI A computational model of one pathway in the cat subcortical auditory system SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint CHPC/IMACS Workshop on Computational Issues in Neurosciences CY MAY 14-15, 1993 CL UNIV TEXAS, CTR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP, AUSTIN, TX SP Univ Texas, CHPC, IMACS, Univ Texas, Dept Appl Res & Dev HO UNIV TEXAS, CTR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMP DE auditory system; computational model; medial geniculate body ventral division; Al; basilar membrane model; hair cell model; auditory nerve fibers; isofrequency lamina; compartmentalized model neurons ID MEDIAL GENICULATE-BODY; INFERIOR COLLICULUS; COCHLEAR NUCLEUS; RELAY NEURONS; CORTEX AI; ORGANIZATION; PROJECTIONS; RESPONSES; CONNECTIONS; MORPHOLOGY AB A computational model of one pathway in the cat subcortical auditory system has been constructed and is being tested. The pathway runs from the basilar memrane of the cochlea and its inner hair cells through the principal auditory nuclei in the cat brainstem. This model is being compared to physiological recordings for validation purposes, and should prove a useful tool for testing theories of auditorysensory representation and functioning. RP Travis, BJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS F665,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD DEC 5 PY 1995 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0378-4754(95)00019-X PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA TL296 UT WOS:A1995TL29600006 ER PT J AU CHENG, SD BISWAS, R OZBAY, E MCCALMONT, S TUTTLE, G HO, KM AF CHENG, SD BISWAS, R OZBAY, E MCCALMONT, S TUTTLE, G HO, KM TI OPTIMIZED DIPOLE ANTENNAS ON PHOTONIC BAND-GAP CRYSTALS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Photonic band gap crystals have been used as a perfectly reflecting substrate for planar dipole antennas in the 12-15 GHz regime. The position, orientation, and driving frequency of the dipole antenna on the photonic band gap crystal surface, have been optimized for antenna performance and directionality. Virtually no radiated power is lost to the photonic crystal resulting in gains and radiation efficiencies larger than antennas on other conventional dielectric substrates. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. BILKENT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ANKARA 06533,TURKEY. RP CHENG, SD (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,MICROELECTR RES CTR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Ozbay, Ekmel/B-9495-2008 NR 12 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 3399 EP 3401 DI 10.1063/1.114906 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH287 UT WOS:A1995TH28700010 ER PT J AU ROY, S NODA, Y ECKERT, V TRABER, MG MORI, A LIBURDY, R PACKER, L AF ROY, S NODA, Y ECKERT, V TRABER, MG MORI, A LIBURDY, R PACKER, L TI THE PHORBOL 12-MYRISTATE 13-ACETATE (PMA)-INDUCED OXIDATIVE BURST IN RAT PERITONEAL NEUTROPHILS IS INCREASED BY A 0.1 MT (60 HZ) MAGNETIC-FIELD SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MAGNETIC FIELDS; FREE RADICALS; NEUTROPHIL RESPIRATORY BURST ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; RADICAL PAIRS; DECAY; MICELLES AB Magnetic fields (MF) may affect biological systems by increasing free radical concentrations. To test this, we have investigated whether low frequency (60 Hz) low intensity (0.1 mT) MF can modulate the phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate (PMA) induced respiratory burst in primed rat peritoneal neutrophils, followed in real time using the dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH), which reacts with free radical-derived oxidants such as H2O2 (which is formed from the dismutation of superoxide) to become 2',7'-dichlorofluorecein (DCF), a highly fluorescent compound. In the presence of the MF, a 12.4% increase in the fluorescence signal was observed in PMA-stimulated neutrophils (n = 5, P < 0.02, 18 pairs of measurements). We believe this represents the first experimental observation of MF influencing events involving free radical species generated during signal transduction in living cells. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Roy, sashwati/E-3990-2011; OI Traber, Maret/0000-0002-2892-4024 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27345] NR 19 TC 76 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 376 IS 3 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01266-X PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA TJ534 UT WOS:A1995TJ53400009 PM 7498533 ER PT J AU NORTON, LJ KRAMER, EJ BATES, FS GEHLSEN, MD JONES, RAL KARIM, A FELCHER, GP KLEB, R AF NORTON, LJ KRAMER, EJ BATES, FS GEHLSEN, MD JONES, RAL KARIM, A FELCHER, GP KLEB, R TI NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY STUDY OF SURFACE SEGREGATION IN AN ISOTOPIC POLY(ETHYLENEPROPYLENE) BLEND - DEVIATION FROM MEAN-FIELD THEORY SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER BLENDS; WETTING TRANSITIONS; MIXTURES; ENRICHMENT; FILMS; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) was used to measure the concentration profile of a symmetric PEP/dPEP polymer blend with nanometer-scale resolution in the one-phase region. The shape of the profile near the surface was found to differ significantly from mean-field theory predictions for all bulk concentrations and temperatures surveyed. The profile shape is flattened at the surface over a distance about half the bulk correlation length, a length scale far greater than that of the dispersive forces that are the dominant microscopic interaction in such blends. We introduce a new method for extracting the surface energy difference that drives segregation based on the Gibbs adsorption equation (GAE) and compare it to a previous method based on mean-field theory. While both methods produce qualitatively similar results (the surface energy of pure dPEP is similar to 0.21 mJ/m(2) smaller than pure PEP), the GAE method is much less model dependent, requiring knowledge of only the free energy of mixing in the bulk and the measured integral excess and surface composition. The surface energy difference between dPEP and PEP is similar to 2.6 times larger than that for dPS and PS, a factor in good agreement with the expectation that the surface energy difference between the isotopically different polymers arises from the same van der Waals interaction that leads to a positive Flory segment-segment interaction parameter chi in these blends. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,CTR MAT SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAVENDISH LAB,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE,ENGLAND. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. OI Jones, Richard/0000-0001-5400-6369; Bates, Frank/0000-0003-3977-1278 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 28 IS 25 BP 8621 EP 8628 DI 10.1021/ma00129a022 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA TH426 UT WOS:A1995TH42600022 ER PT J AU CHAUDHURI, S CHUNG, SW HOCKNEY, G LYKKEN, J AF CHAUDHURI, S CHUNG, SW HOCKNEY, G LYKKEN, J TI STRING CONSISTENCY FOR UNIFIED MODEL-BUILDING SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Review ID CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORY; STANDARD-LIKE MODEL; KAC-MOODY ALGEBRAS; FERMION MASSES; 2 DIMENSIONS; GRAND UNIFICATION; SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERSTRINGS; SUPERGRAVITY; REPRESENTATIONS AB We explore the use of real fermionization as a test case for understanding how specific features of phenomenological interest in the low-energy effective superpotential are realized in exact solutions to heterotic superstring theory. We present pedagogic examples of models which realize SO(10) as a level two current algebra on the world-sheet, and discuss in general how higher level current algebras can be realized in the tensor product of simple constituent conformal field theories, We describe formal developments necessary to compute couplings in models built using real fermionization. This allows us to isolate cases of spin structures where the standard prescription for real fermionization may break down. C1 FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,DEPT THEORY,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP CHAUDHURI, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST THEORET PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 108 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 456 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 129 DI 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00147-7 PG 41 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TH625 UT WOS:A1995TH62500004 ER PT J AU WILSON, JR MATHEWS, GJ AF WILSON, JR MATHEWS, GJ TI INSTABILITIES IN CLOSE NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITATIONAL-RADIATION; (POST)5/2-NEWTONIAN ORDER; COMPACT OBJECTS; PULSAR; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; DETECTORS; SYSTEMS AB We report on a new analysis of instabilities inclose neutron star binaries based upon (3 + 1) dimensional general relativistic numerical hydrodynamics calculations. When a realistic equation of state is employed, orbit calculations for two 1.45M(.) neutron stars reveal surprising evidence that general relativistic effects may cause otherwise stable stars to individually collapse prior to merging. Also, the strong fields cause the last stable orbit to occur at a larger separation distance and lower frequency than post-Newtonian estimates. C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP WILSON, JR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 36 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4161 EP 4164 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4161 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100002 ER PT J AU ABE, K ABT, I AHN, CJ AKAGI, T ALLEN, NJ ASH, WW ASTON, D BAIRD, KG BALTAY, C BAND, HR BARAKAT, MB BARANKO, G BARDON, O BARKLOW, T BAZARKO, AO BENDAVID, R BENVENUTI, AC BIENZ, T BILEI, GM BISELLO, D BLAYLOCK, G BOGART, JR BOLTON, T BOWER, GR BRAU, JE BREIDENBACH, M BUGG, WM BURKE, D BURNETT, TH BURROWS, PN BUSZA, W CALCATERRA, A CALDWELL, DO CALLOWAY, D CAMANZI, B CARPINELLI, M CASSELL, R CASTALDI, R CASTRO, A CAVALLISFORZA, M CHURCH, E COHN, HO COLLER, JA COOK, V COTTON, R COWAN, RF COYNE, DG DOLIVEIRA, A DAMERELL, CJS DAOUDI, M DESANGRO, R DESIMONE, P DELLORSO, R DIMA, M DU, PYC DUBOIS, R EISENSTEIN, BI ELIA, R FALCIAI, D FERO, MJ FREY, R FURUNO, K GILLMAN, T GLADDING, G GONZALEZ, S HALLEWELL, GD HART, EL HASEGAWA, Y HEDGES, S HERTZBACH, SS HILDRETH, MD HUBER, J HUFFER, ME HUGHES, EW HWANG, H IWASAKI, Y JACKSON, DJ JACQUES, P JAROS, J JOHNSON, AS JOHNSON, JR JOHNSON, RA JUNK, T KAJIKAWA, R KALELKAR, M KANG, HJ KARLINER, I KAWAHARA, H KENDALL, HW KIM, Y KING, ME KING, R KOFLER, RR KRISHNA, NM KROEGER, RS LABS, JF LANGSTON, M LATH, A LAUBER, JA LEITH, DWG LIU, MX LIU, X LORETI, M LU, A LYNCH, HL MA, J MANCINELLI, G MANLY, S MANTOVANI, G MARKIEWICZ, TW MARUYAMA, T MASSETTI, R MASUDA, H MATTISON, TS MAZZUCATO, E MCKEMEY, AK MEADOWS, BT MESSNER, R MOCKETT, PM MOFFEIT, KC MOURS, B MULLER, G MULLER, D NAGAMINE, T NAUENBERG, U NEAL, H NUSSBAUM, M OHNISHI, Y OSBORNE, LS PANVINI, RS PARK, H PAVEL, TJ PERUZZI, I PICCOLO, M PIEMONTESE, L PIERONI, E PITTS, KT PLANO, RJ PREPOST, R PRESCOTT, CY PUNKAR, GD QUIGLEY, J RATCLIFF, BN REEVES, TW REIDY, J RENSING, PE ROCHESTER, LS ROTHBERG, JE ROWSON, PC RUSSELL, JJ SAXTON, OH SCHAFFNER, SF SCHALK, T SCHINDLER, RH SCHNEEKLOTH, U SCHUMM, BA SEIDEN, A SEN, S SERBO, VV SHAEVITZ, MH SHANK, JT SHAPIRO, G SHAPIRO, SL SHERDEN, DJ SHMAKOV, KD SIMOPOULOS, C SINEV, NB SMITH, SR SNYDER, JA STAMER, P STEINER, H STEINER, R STRAUSS, MG SU, D SUEKANE, F SUGIYAMA, A SUZUKI, S SWARTZ, M SZUMILO, A TAKAHASHI, T TAYLOR, FE TORRENCE, E TURK, JD USHER, T VAVRA, J VANNINI, C VELLA, E VENUTI, JP VERDIER, R VERDINI, PG WAGNER, SR WAITE, AP WATTS, SJ WEIDEMANN, AW WEISS, ER WHITAKER, JS WHITE, SL WICKENS, FJ WILLIAMS, DA WILLIAMS, DC WILLIAMS, SH WILLOCQ, S WILSON, RJ WISNIEWSKI, WJ WOODS, M WORD, GB WYSS, J YAMAMOTO, RK YAMARTINO, JM YANG, X YELLIN, SJ YOUNG, CC YUTA, H ZAPALAC, G ZDARKO, RW ZEITLIN, C ZHANG, Z ZHOU, J AF ABE, K ABT, I AHN, CJ AKAGI, T ALLEN, NJ ASH, WW ASTON, D BAIRD, KG BALTAY, C BAND, HR BARAKAT, MB BARANKO, G BARDON, O BARKLOW, T BAZARKO, AO BENDAVID, R BENVENUTI, AC BIENZ, T BILEI, GM BISELLO, D BLAYLOCK, G BOGART, JR BOLTON, T BOWER, GR BRAU, JE BREIDENBACH, M BUGG, WM BURKE, D BURNETT, TH BURROWS, PN BUSZA, W CALCATERRA, A CALDWELL, DO CALLOWAY, D CAMANZI, B CARPINELLI, M CASSELL, R CASTALDI, R CASTRO, A CAVALLISFORZA, M CHURCH, E COHN, HO COLLER, JA COOK, V COTTON, R COWAN, RF COYNE, DG DOLIVEIRA, A DAMERELL, CJS DAOUDI, M DESANGRO, R DESIMONE, P DELLORSO, R DIMA, M DU, PYC DUBOIS, R EISENSTEIN, BI ELIA, R FALCIAI, D FERO, MJ FREY, R FURUNO, K GILLMAN, T GLADDING, G GONZALEZ, S HALLEWELL, GD HART, EL HASEGAWA, Y HEDGES, S HERTZBACH, SS HILDRETH, MD HUBER, J HUFFER, ME HUGHES, EW HWANG, H IWASAKI, Y JACKSON, DJ JACQUES, P JAROS, J JOHNSON, AS JOHNSON, JR JOHNSON, RA JUNK, T KAJIKAWA, R KALELKAR, M KANG, HJ KARLINER, I KAWAHARA, H KENDALL, HW KIM, Y KING, ME KING, R KOFLER, RR KRISHNA, NM KROEGER, RS LABS, JF LANGSTON, M LATH, A LAUBER, JA LEITH, DWG LIU, MX LIU, X LORETI, M LU, A LYNCH, HL MA, J MANCINELLI, G MANLY, S MANTOVANI, G MARKIEWICZ, TW MARUYAMA, T MASSETTI, R MASUDA, H MATTISON, TS MAZZUCATO, E MCKEMEY, AK MEADOWS, BT MESSNER, R MOCKETT, PM MOFFEIT, KC MOURS, B MULLER, G MULLER, D NAGAMINE, T NAUENBERG, U NEAL, H NUSSBAUM, M OHNISHI, Y OSBORNE, LS PANVINI, RS PARK, H PAVEL, TJ PERUZZI, I PICCOLO, M PIEMONTESE, L PIERONI, E PITTS, KT PLANO, RJ PREPOST, R PRESCOTT, CY PUNKAR, GD QUIGLEY, J RATCLIFF, BN REEVES, TW REIDY, J RENSING, PE ROCHESTER, LS ROTHBERG, JE ROWSON, PC RUSSELL, JJ SAXTON, OH SCHAFFNER, SF SCHALK, T SCHINDLER, RH SCHNEEKLOTH, U SCHUMM, BA SEIDEN, A SEN, S SERBO, VV SHAEVITZ, MH SHANK, JT SHAPIRO, G SHAPIRO, SL SHERDEN, DJ SHMAKOV, KD SIMOPOULOS, C SINEV, NB SMITH, SR SNYDER, JA STAMER, P STEINER, H STEINER, R STRAUSS, MG SU, D SUEKANE, F SUGIYAMA, A SUZUKI, S SWARTZ, M SZUMILO, A TAKAHASHI, T TAYLOR, FE TORRENCE, E TURK, JD USHER, T VAVRA, J VANNINI, C VELLA, E VENUTI, JP VERDIER, R VERDINI, PG WAGNER, SR WAITE, AP WATTS, SJ WEIDEMANN, AW WEISS, ER WHITAKER, JS WHITE, SL WICKENS, FJ WILLIAMS, DA WILLIAMS, DC WILLIAMS, SH WILLOCQ, S WILSON, RJ WISNIEWSKI, WJ WOODS, M WORD, GB WYSS, J YAMAMOTO, RK YAMARTINO, JM YANG, X YELLIN, SJ YOUNG, CC YUTA, H ZAPALAC, G ZDARKO, RW ZEITLIN, C ZHANG, Z ZHOU, J TI FIRST MEASUREMENT OF THE T-ODD CORRELATION BETWEEN THE Z(0) SPIN AND THE 3-JET PLANE ORIENTATION IN POLARIZED Z(0) DECAYS INTO 3 JETS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID E+E ANNIHILATION; 3-JET DISTRIBUTIONS; POSITRONIUM; ASYMMETRY; EVENTS; GLUON; QCD AB We present the first measurement of the correlation between the Z(0) spin and the event-plane orientation in polarized Z(0) decays into three jets in the SLAC Linear Collider Large Detector experiment at SLAC utilizing a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The CP-even and T-odd triple product (S) over right arrow(Z) .((k) over right arrow(1) x (k) over right arrow(2)), formed from the two fastest jet momenta (k) over right arrow(1) and (k) over right arrow(2) and the Z(0) polarization vector (S) over right arrow(Z), is sensitive to physics beyond the standard model. We measure the expectation value of this quantity to be consistent with zero and set 95% C.L. limits of -0.022 < beta < 0.039 on the correlation. C1 ADELPHI UNIV,GARDEN CITY,NY 11530. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. BRUNEL UNIV,UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH,MIDDX,ENGLAND. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,LAB NAZL FRASCATI,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. NAGOYA UNIV,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. UNIV OREGON,EUGENE,OR 97403. UNIV PADUA,I-35100 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-35100 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV FERRARA,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. SOGANG UNIV,SEOUL 121742,SOUTH KOREA. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. UNIV GENOA,I-16146 GENOA,ITALY. RP ABE, K (reprint author), TOHOKU UNIV,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. RI Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; de Simone, Patrizia/J-3549-2012; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4173 EP 4177 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4173 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100005 ER PT J AU VONNEUMANNCOSEL, P GINOCCHIO, JN BAUER, H RICHTER, A AF VONNEUMANNCOSEL, P GINOCCHIO, JN BAUER, H RICHTER, A TI RELATION BETWEEN THE SCISSORS MODE AND THE INTERACTING BOSON MODEL DEFORMATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC DIPOLE STRENGTH; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ACTINIDE NUCLEI; GD-156; TRANSITIONS; SATURATION; PHOTOEXCITATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING AB An interacting boson model sum rule for the strength of exciting the magnetic dipole scissors mode is used to relate this strength to the quadrupole deformation, resulting in a parameter-free description of the M1 transition strength over the entire range of nuclei from Nd to W studied experimentally. Also, the experimentally established quadratic dependence on the quadrupole ground state deformation is quantitatively reproduced for nuclei up to Yb, but systematic deviations are predicted for heavier nuclei. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. EUROPEAN CTR THEORET STUDIES NUCL PHYS & RELATED, I-38050 VILLAZANO, ITALY. RP TH DARMSTADT, INST KERNPHYS, SCHLOSSGARTENSTR 9, D-64289 DARMSTADT, GERMANY. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4178 EP 4181 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4178 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100006 ER PT J AU MORETTO, LG JING, KX GATTI, R WOZNIAK, GJ SCHMITT, RP AF MORETTO, LG JING, KX GATTI, R WOZNIAK, GJ SCHMITT, RP TI SCALING LAWS, SHELL EFFECTS, AND TRANSIENT TIMES IN FISSION PROBABILITIES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON EMISSION; NUCLEAR-FISSION; DYNAMICS; DISSIPATION AB The fission excitation functions for 14 compound nuclei covering a mass range from A = 186 to 213 are shown to scale exactly according to the transition state prediction once shell effects are accounted for. The extracted shell effects correlate closely with those obtained from the ground state masses. No effects of transient times longer than 3 X 10(-20) sec are visible. Pairing effects are noticeable at excitation energies at few MeV above the barrier. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,INST CYCLOTRON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MORETTO, LG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4186 EP 4189 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4186 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100008 ER PT J AU AFEYAN, BB WILLIAMS, EA AF AFEYAN, BB WILLIAMS, EA TI UNIFIED THEORY OF STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING AND 2-PLASMON DECAY IN INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMAS - HIGH-FREQUENCY HYBRID INSTABILITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES AB The theories of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-plasmon decay (2 omega(pe)) in inhomogeneous plasmas have been unified by adopting a powerful new variational approach. We call this technique the minimum pump strength principle (MPSP), and the unified process, the high frequency hybrid instability (HFHI). The growth rate and frequency shift of the most unstable mode of HFHI are shown to match smoothly onto the two known limiting cases: 2 omega(pe) at large k, and SRS backscattering as k goes to zero. The effectiveness of this method has allowed the generalization of the density inhomogeneity treated from a constant gradient to any positive-integer power law. Potential experimental signatures of HFHI modes are described. RP AFEYAN, BB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4218 EP 4221 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4218 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100016 ER PT J AU HWANG, RQ HAMILTON, JC STEVENS, JL FOILES, SM AF HWANG, RQ HAMILTON, JC STEVENS, JL FOILES, SM TI NEAR-SURFACE BUCKLING IN STRAINED METAL OVERLAYER SYSTEMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; STRESS DOMAINS; AU(111); RECONSTRUCTION; AG; DISLOCATIONS AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of Ag films grown on Ru(0001) reveal a periodic unit cell with a structural transformation at silver coverages slightly less than one monolayer. Dislocations in the overlayers are similar to the Au(111) herringbone structure; however, Ag/Ru(0001) exhibits two novel differences from previously observed herringbone structures. First, the unit cell dimensions change dramatically as a function of coverage. Second, STM images of Ag/Ru(0001) are inverted relative to those for Au(111). We show that this image inversion is due to substantial relaxations perpendicular to the surface resulting from local strains in the silver overlayer. RP HWANG, RQ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X NR 17 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4242 EP 4245 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4242 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100022 ER PT J AU BARTELT, MC EVANS, JW AF BARTELT, MC EVANS, JW TI TRANSITION TO MULTILAYER KINETIC ROUGHENING FOR METAL (100) HOMOEPITAXY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; FILM GROWTH; OSCILLATIONS; FRONT AB A model for metal (100) homoepitaxy is developed which describes irreversible submonolayer nucleation and growth of 2D square islands, and the subsequent transition to multilayer growth. Roughness is sensitive to the additional barrier to descend a step, which is estimated for Fe/Fe(100). We find oscillatory height-height correlations and non-Gaussian height and height-difference distributions, necessitating refinement of existing diffraction theory. We predict the disappearance of a diffraction ring during growth, and a nonmonotonic variation of roughness with temperature. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MATH,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP BARTELT, MC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,IPRT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 21 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4250 EP 4253 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4250 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100024 ER PT J AU MUNKHOLM, A BRENNAN, S COMIN, F ORTEGA, L AF MUNKHOLM, A BRENNAN, S COMIN, F ORTEGA, L TI OBSERVATION OF A DISTRIBUTED EPITAXIAL OXIDE IN THERMALLY GROWN SIO2 ON SI(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; OXIDATION; SURFACE; SCATTERING; SILICON AB We present direct evidence of an ordered oxide which is epitaxially related to the underlying Si(001) substrate and is distributed throughout thermally grown oxide films with thicknesses between 80 and 1000 Angstrom. This evidence consists of diffraction peaks at the [1,1,0.45] positions. For films with thickness in the range 80-160 Angstrom the integrated intensity of these diffraction peaks increases roughly linearly and the ordered oxide grain size parallel to the surface is constant at 130 Angstrom. C1 EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL,F-38043 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP MUNKHOLM, A (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4254 EP 4257 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4254 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100025 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, JM LARESE, JZ AF PHILLIPS, JM LARESE, JZ TI PREROUGHENING AND REENTRANT LAYERING TRANSITIONS ON TRIANGULAR LATTICE SUBSTRATES - COMMENT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note ID ADSORPTION; GRAPHITE; ARGON C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP PHILLIPS, JM (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PHYS,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4330 EP 4330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4330 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100044 ER PT J AU SUH, BJ BORSA, F MILLER, LM CORTI, M JOHNSTON, DC TORGESON, DR AF SUH, BJ BORSA, F MILLER, LM CORTI, M JOHNSTON, DC TORGESON, DR TI SPIN CORRELATIONS AND MAGNETIC-FIELD EFFECTS IN THE WEAKLY ANISOTROPIC SQUARE-LATTICE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SR2CUO2CL2 (VOL 75, PG 2212, 1995) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV PAVIA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS A VOLTA,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. RP SUH, BJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1995 VL 75 IS 23 BP 4335 EP 4335 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4335.2 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TH521 UT WOS:A1995TH52100051 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Goodman, DW AF Rodriguez, JA Goodman, DW TI Chemical and electronic properties of bimetallic surfaces - Comment SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID AU FILMS; RU(001); CO; AG; CHEMISORPTION; PHOTOEMISSION; PD C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 12 BP 477 EP 478 DI 10.1021/ar00060a001 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TK930 UT WOS:A1995TK93000001 ER PT J AU Ruckman, MW Strongin, M AF Ruckman, MW Strongin, M TI Chemical and electronic properties of bimetallic surfaces - Reply SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP Ruckman, MW (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 12 BP 479 EP 479 DI 10.1021/ar00060a002 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TK930 UT WOS:A1995TK93000002 ER PT J AU Chen, IMA Hull, R McLeod, D AF Chen, IMA Hull, R McLeod, D TI An execution model for limited ambiguity rules and its application to derived data update SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE active database systems; deltas on database states; derived data; limited ambiguity rules; semantic data models; update propagation ID VIEWS AB A novel execution model for rule application in active databases is developed and applied to the problem of updating derived data in a database represented using a semantic, object-based database model. The execution model is based on the use of ''limited ambiguity rules'' (LARs), which permit disjunction in rule actions. The execution model essentially performs a breadth-first exploration of alternative extensions of a user-requested update. Given an object-based database scheme, both integrity constraints and specifications of derived classes and attributes are compiled into a family of limited ambiguity rules. A theoretical analysis shows that the approach is sound: the execution model returns all valid ''completions'' of a user-requested update, or terminates with an appropriate error notification. The complexity of the approach in connection with derived data update is considered. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT COMP SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, DEPT COMP SCI, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. RP Chen, IMA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DATA MANAGEMENT RES & DEV GRP, INFORMAT & COMP SCI DIV, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 0362-5915 J9 ACM T DATABASE SYST JI ACM Trans. Database Syst. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 4 BP 365 EP 413 DI 10.1145/219035.219039 PG 49 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA UA959 UT WOS:A1995UA95900001 ER PT J AU Amos, DE AF Amos, DE TI A remark on algorithm 644: ''A portable package for bessel functions of a complex argument and nonnegative order'' SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE algorithms; complex airy functions; complex Bessel functions; derivatives of airy functions; H; I; J; K; and Y Bessel functions; log gamma function AB Algorithm 644 computes all major Bessel functions of a complex argument and of nonnegative order. Single-precision routine CBESY and double-precision routine ZBESY are modified to reduce the computation time for the Y Bessel function by approximately 25% over a wide range of arguments and orders. Quick check (driver) programs that exercise the package are also modified to make tests more meaningful over larger regions of the complex plane. RP Amos, DE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,7703 PICKARD AVE NE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110, USA. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 21 IS 4 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.1145/212066.212078 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA TL693 UT WOS:A1995TL69300004 ER PT J AU GENIN, FY AF GENIN, FY TI THE INITIAL-STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF HOLES AND HILLOCKS IN THIN-FILMS UNDER EQUAL BIAXIAL STRESS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Review ID NARROW CONDUCTOR LINES; ALUMINUM FILMS; CAPILLARY INSTABILITIES; THERMAL STRAIN; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; LEAD FILMS; CRYSTAL ORIENTATION; SILVER FILMS; COPPER-FILMS; ALLOY FILMS AB The theory of thermal grooving under stress is extended to explain the formation of holes and hillocks in very thin films undergoing thermal cycling. Previous experimental work and attempts to model holes and hillocks are first reviewed. A theoretical model based on the review is then developed to quantify the surface topological evolution at triple junctions in thin films with large columnar grains. The surface profiles are computed for various applied stresses and angles of intersecting grain boundaries, and the model is applied to describe a 120 degrees triple junction in a Cu thin film through an annealing cycle from room temperature to 325 degrees C. The simulation, which uses experimentally determined stress and materials property data, illustrates how this model can predict the failure of films undergoing a given thermal cycle. RP GENIN, FY (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI, POB 808, L-476, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 102 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4289 EP 4300 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(95)00132-F PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TG524 UT WOS:A1995TG52400007 ER PT J AU ZHANG, W SCHNEIBEL, JH AF ZHANG, W SCHNEIBEL, JH TI THE SINTERING OF 2 PARTICLES BY SURFACE AND GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION - A 2-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL STUDY SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID DIAGRAMS; STRESS; CREEP AB We investigate the sintering of two touching circular particles by surface and grain boundary diffusion. Typical examples for the evolution of the shape of the particles, their surface curvatures, and their surface fluxes are given. The sintering kinetics are evaluated as a function of the dihedral angle at the grain boundary-surface junctions and the grain boundary to surface diffusivity ratio. in particular, the growth rates of the neck between the two particles, the growth rate exponents, and the changes in the lengths of the particle pairs are monitored. The times needed to reach certain fractions of the final equilibrium neck sizes are tabulated for typical experimental dihedral angles and diffusivity ratios. Our simulation is based on a rigorous mathematical system modeling the sintering of the two particles, and a rigorous numerical method for solving this system is adopted. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 12 BP 4377 EP 4386 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(95)00115-C PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA TG524 UT WOS:A1995TG52400015 ER PT J AU Coriano, C White, AR AF Coriano, C White, AR TI t-Channel unitarity construction of small-x kernels SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXV Cracow School of Theoretical Physics CY JUN 04-14, 1995 CL ZAKOPANE, POLAND ID HIGH-ENERGY BEHAVIOR; ABELIAN GAUGE-THEORY; S APPROXIMATION; QCD; POMERON; SCATTERING AB We present the BFKL equation as a reggeon Bethe-Salpeter equation and discuss the use of reggeon diagrams to obtain 2-2 and 2-4 reggeon interactions at O(g(4)). We then outline the dispersion theory basis of multiparticle j-plane analysis and describe how a gauge theory can be studied by combining Ward identity constraints with the group structure of reggeon interactions. The derivation of gluon reggeization, the O(g(2)) BFKL kernel, and O(g(4)) corrections, is described within this formalism. We give an explicit expression for the O(g(4)) forward ''parton'' kernel in terms of logarithms and evaluate the eigenvalues. A separately infra-red finite component with a holomorphically factorizable spectrum is shown to be present and conjectured to be a new leading-order: partial-wave amplitude. A comparison is made with Kirschner's discussion of O(g(4)) contributions from the multi-Regge effective action. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Coriano, C (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,9700 S CASS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. OI Coriano', Claudio/0000-0003-0479-8075 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, 02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2005 EP 2037 PG 33 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TV200 UT WOS:A1995TV20000008 ER PT J AU FARRINGTON, RB CLAUNCH, SD AF FARRINGTON, RB CLAUNCH, SD TI OBSERVATIONS OF A PLANAR JET SUBJECTED TO LARGE-AMPLITUDE, LOW-FREQUENCY DISTURBANCES SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID RECTANGULAR JETS; VELOCITY RP FARRINGTON, RB (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,DIV BLDG & ENERGY SYST,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2424 EP 2426 DI 10.2514/3.13004 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA TJ059 UT WOS:A1995TJ05900030 ER PT J AU DONALD, BR XAVIER, P AF DONALD, BR XAVIER, P TI PROVABLY GOOD APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL KINODYNAMIC PLANNING - ROBOTS WITH DECOUPLED DYNAMICS BOUNDS SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE ROBOT MOTION PLANNING; OPTIMAL CONTROL; POLYNOMIAL-TIME EPSILON-APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM; TIME-OPTIMAL TRAJECTORY; SHORTEST PATH; KINODYNAMICS; POLYHEDRAL OBSTACLES ID MOTION AB We consider the following problem: given a robot system, find a minimal-time trajectory that goes from a start state to a goal state while avoiding obstacles by a speed-dependent safety margin and respecting dynamics bounds. In [1] we developed a provably good approximation algorithm for the minimum-time trajectory problem for a robot system with decoupled dynamics bounds (e.g., a point robot in R(3)). This algorithm differs from previous work in three ways. It is possible (1) to bound the goodness of the approximation by an error term epsilon; (2) to bound the computational complexity of our algorithm polynomially; and (3) to express the complexity as a polynomial function of the error term. Hence, given the geometric obstacles, dynamics bounds, and the error term epsilon, the algorithm returns a solution that is epsilon-close to optimal and requires only a polynomial (in (1/epsilon)) amount of time. We extend the results of [1] in two ways. First, we modify it to halve the exponent in the polynomial bounds from 6d to 3d, so that the new algorithm is O(c(d)N(1/epsilon)(3d)), where N is the geometric complexity of the obstacles and c is a robot-dependent constant. Second, the new algorithm finds a trajectory that matches the optimal in time with an epsilon factor sacrificed in the obstacle-avoidance safety margin. Similar results hold for polyhedral Cartesian manipulators in polyhedral environments. The new results indicate that an implementation of the algorithm could be reasonable, and a preliminary implementation has been done for the planar case. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP DONALD, BR (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-4617 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 443 EP 479 DI 10.1007/BF01586636 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA RZ644 UT WOS:A1995RZ64400001 ER PT J AU DONALD, BR XAVIER, PG AF DONALD, BR XAVIER, PG TI PROVABLY GOOD APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL KINODYNAMIC PLANNING FOR CARTESIAN ROBOTS AND OPEN-CHAIN MANIPULATORS SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE ROBOT MOTION PLANNING; OPTIMAL CONTROL; POLYNOMIAL-TIME EPSILON-APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM; TIME-OPTIMAL TRAJECTORY; FULL DYNAMICS; SHORTEST PATH; KINODYNAMICS; POLYHEDRAL OBSTACLES ID MOTION AB In optimal kinodynamic planning, given a robot system, we must fmd a minimal-time trajectory that goes from a start state to a goal state while avoiding obstacles by a speed-dependent safety margin and respecting dynamics bounds. With Canny and Reif [1], we approached this problem from an E-approximation standpoint and introduced a provably good approximation algorithm for optimal kinodynamic planning for a robot obeying particle dynamics. If a solution exists, this algorithm returns a trajectory E-close to optimal in time polynomial in both (1/epsilon) and the geometric complexity. We extend [1] and [2] to d-link three-dimensional robots with full rigid-body dynamics amidst obstacles. Specifically, we describe polynomial-time approximation algorithms for Cartesian robots obeying L(2) dynamic bounds and for open-kinematic-chain manipulators with revolute and prismatic joints. The latter class includes many industrial manipulators. The correctness and complexity of these algorithms rely on new trajectory tracking lemmas for robots with coupled dynamics bounds. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP DONALD, BR (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT COMP SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-4617 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 6 BP 480 EP 530 DI 10.1007/BF01586637 PG 51 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA RZ644 UT WOS:A1995RZ64400002 ER PT J AU SORDELET, D AF SORDELET, D TI ITS AMES ALL THE WAY SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Letter RP SORDELET, D (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,PLASMA SPRAY FACIL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 74 IS 12 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TJ320 UT WOS:A1995TJ32000002 ER PT J AU BENNETT, JP KWONG, KS SIKICH, SW AF BENNETT, JP KWONG, KS SIKICH, SW TI RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL OF REFRACTORIES SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article RP BENNETT, JP (reprint author), US BUR MINES,ALBANY RES CTR,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC 735 CERAMIC PLACE PI WESTERVILLE PA PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 74 IS 12 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA TJ320 UT WOS:A1995TJ32000011 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, SD CREMERS, DA AF ARNOLD, SD CREMERS, DA TI RAPID-DETERMINATION OF METAL PARTICLES ON AIR SAMPLING FILTERS USING LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A preliminary investigation of an alternative method of analysis for metal particles is presented. The mass of thallium (TI) particles on filters was determined in less than 1 minute using the technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Thallium was collected by passing contaminated air through a filter or by wiping a Ti-contaminated surface with a filter. The particles (<20 mu m diameter) were in the form of thallic oxide used in the manufacture of superconducting metals. Thallium was detected by forming a series of laser sparks across the filter surface. The sparks vaporized the particles and excited the resulting atoms. Thallium was detected by temporally and spectrally resolving the spark light. The detection limit for Tl was 40 ng/cm(2) on a filter surface. The useful dynamic range extends from 0.2 to 40 mu g/filter using the strong 535.05 nm neutral Ti emission line. The LIES method of detection is intended to supplement (rather than replace) conventional analytical methods such as atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on the investigation reported, LIES has the potential to provide a method for rapidly analyzing multiple samples on-site at a low cost. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT HLTH SCI,NORMAL,IL 61790. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 56 IS 12 BP 1180 EP 1186 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<1180:RDOMPO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TJ056 UT WOS:A1995TJ05600003 ER PT J AU English, B Dillivan, K Ojo, M Graham, R AF English, B Dillivan, K Ojo, M Graham, R TI Analysis of energy ratios for biomass feedstocks. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1391 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA UA027 UT WOS:A1995UA02700382 ER PT J AU MANNIKKO, M KESTILA, M HOLMBERG, C NORIO, R RYYNANEN, M OLSEN, A PELTONEN, L TRYGGVASON, K AF MANNIKKO, M KESTILA, M HOLMBERG, C NORIO, R RYYNANEN, M OLSEN, A PELTONEN, L TRYGGVASON, K TI FINE MAPPING AND HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS OF THE LOCUS FOR CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME ON CHROMOSOME 19Q13.1 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; OXIDASE SUBUNIT-VIB; FINNISH TYPE; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; REPEAT-POLYMORPHISM; GENE; CLONING; POPULATIONS; ASSIGNMENT; PRECURSOR AB We have recently localized the gene for congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF) to chromosome 19q12-13.1. On the basis of observed recombination events, the gene was localized between markers D19S416/D19S425/D19S213/D19S208/D19S191 and D19S224. Here we have extended the mapping efforts, on the basis of a detailed physical map of the region. By means of three new polymorphic markers-D19S608, D19S609, and D19S610-developed in this study, the critical candidate region could be further restricted, Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed with markers D19S610, D19S608, D19S224, and D19S220, the strongest allelic association being 84% with marker D19S610 at 19q13.1. This suggests that the CNF gene locus lies in close proximity to marker D19S610. Combination of the informative markers revealed four main haplotype categories. Different geographic distribution was observed between these haplotype groups when they were placed on the map of Finland according to the birthplaces of grandparents. C1 UNIV OULU,BIOCTR,SF-90570 OULU,FINLAND. UNIV OULU,DEPT BIOCHEM,SF-90570 OULU,FINLAND. UNIV HELSINKI,CHILDRENS HOSP,HELSINKI,FINLAND. FAMILY FEDERAT FINLAND,HELSINKI,FINLAND. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,DEPT HUMAN MOLEC GENET,HELSINKI,FINLAND. KUOPIO UNIV HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV PRENATAL DIAGNOST,SF-70210 KUOPIO,FINLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,LIVERMORE,CA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1383 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TE655 UT WOS:A1995TE65500015 PM 8533767 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, SK HINES, CJ HALLOCK, MF WOSKIE, SR ABDOLLAHZADEH, S IDEN, CR ANSON, E RAMSEY, F SCHENKER, MB AF HAMMOND, SK HINES, CJ HALLOCK, MF WOSKIE, SR ABDOLLAHZADEH, S IDEN, CR ANSON, E RAMSEY, F SCHENKER, MB TI TIERED EXPOSURE-ASSESSMENT STRATEGY IN THE SEMICONDUCTOR HEALTH STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; GLYCOL ETHERS; FABRICATION ROOM EXPOSURES; SILICON WAFER; CLEAN ROOMS; INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS AB The Semiconductor Health Study included 14 U.S. companies with 82 silicon-based wafer-fabrication rooms and a complex array of processes and chemicals. Its epidemiologic components were a historical examination of spontaneous abortion rates among 902 women, a prospective evaluation of reproductive outcomes in 483 women, and a cross-sectional review of male fertility and of respiratory, ergonomic, neurologic, or gastrointestinal problems among 3,175 men and women. Designing an exposure assessment strategy presented unique problems, and multiple agents had to be evaluated. A three-tiered approach to exposure assessment was developed to reflect increasing specificity of exposures. At the first tier, employees were divided into fabrication and nonfabrication groups. At the second tier, work groups with qualitatively different exposures were determined. At the third tier, intensity of exposures to specific chemical, physical, and ergonomic agents was evaluated. Evaluations were based on worker reports of tasks performed, moderated by fabrication-specific factors observed by study industrial hygienists during site visits. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,WORCESTER,MA. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV OCCUPAT ENVIRONM MED & EPIDEMIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,INST TOXICOL & ENVIRONM HLTH,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP HAMMOND, SK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH,140 EARL WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 6 BP 661 EP 680 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TG289 UT WOS:A1995TG28900003 PM 8588556 ER PT J AU KOONS, JM ELLIS, PD AF KOONS, JM ELLIS, PD TI APPLICABILITY OF FACTOR-ANALYSIS IN SOLID-STATE NMR SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CD-113 SHIELDING TENSORS; MAGIC-ANGLE; CADMIUM; SPECTRA; ERROR AB Factor analysis has been used to deduce the composition of multicomponent magic angle spinning NMR spectra comprised of overlapping isotropic peaks. The technique has been used to determine the number of constituents present and was combined with a target transformation minimization procedure to identify the component MAS spectra. The new analysis procedure is compared to the conventional least-squares approach and is found to be superior in all cases. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-26295] NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4309 EP 4315 DI 10.1021/ac00119a017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800022 PM 8633775 ER PT J AU YANG, M DALE, JM WHITTEN, WB RAMSEY, JM AF YANG, M DALE, JM WHITTEN, WB RAMSEY, JM TI LASER-DESORPTION TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF INDIVIDUAL MICROPARTICLES IN AN ION-TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETER SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INVERSE FOURIER-TRANSFORM; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; SURFACE-IONIZATION; DIRECT-INLET; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; EXCITATION; AIR AB A technique is described for tandem mass spectrometry of individual microparticles in an ion trap mass spectrometer. The particles are sampled by laser desorption/ablation after being injected into the center of the ion trap electrodes. The method is especially effective for the detection of trace levels of involatile organic molecules. Test particles were 100 mu m silicon carbide grains coated with teraphenylphosphonium bromide. Mass spectra of the primary ions and fragment ions following collision-induced dissociation were measured. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4330 EP 4334 DI 10.1021/ac00119a020 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800025 ER PT J AU MUDDIMAN, DC ROCKWOOD, AL GAO, Q SEVERS, JC UDSETH, HR SMITH, RD PROCTOR, A AF MUDDIMAN, DC ROCKWOOD, AL GAO, Q SEVERS, JC UDSETH, HR SMITH, RD PROCTOR, A TI APPLICATION OF SEQUENTIAL PAIRED COVARIANCE TO CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY - UNRAVELING THE SIGNAL FROM THE NOISE IN THE ELECTROPHEROGRAM SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrospray ionization (ESI) time-of-night mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) has recently been demonstrated, When CE is combined with TOF-MS using an electrospray interface, the method provides fast, high-resolution separations with rapid mass analysis and the potential for very high sensitivity. In analyzing the data, one first reconstructs an electropherogram from the data set and then identifies peaks in the mass spectra, The mass spectra corresponding to the peaks in the electropherogram are then inspected to enable solute identification. However, background noise often prevents detection of peaks in the reconstructed electropherogram, thus interfering with the analysis, In this work we demonstrate alternative electropherogram reconstruction techniques that enhance its signal-to-noise ratio, allowing more immediate identification of the number of components in a mixture and their corresponding retention times, The techniques described here should also be adaptable for on-line analysis of CE-ESI-TOF data and the combination with other separation techniques coupled to mass spectrometry (e,g,, LC/MS), as well as any multichannel detection scheme. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. GOOGLY ENTERPRISES, PITTSBURGH, PA 15218 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4371 EP 4375 DI 10.1021/ac00119a027 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800032 ER PT J AU TOMKINS, BA GRIEST, WH HIGGINS, CE AF TOMKINS, BA GRIEST, WH HIGGINS, CE TI DETERMINATION OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE AT PART-PER-TRILLION LEVELS IN DRINKING WATERS AND CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATERS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROSO COMPOUNDS; VOLATILE NITROSAMINES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEVERAGES; FOODS AB The carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) may be quantitated routinely at ultratrace (ng/L) levels in drinking water or contaminated groundwater, The aqueous sample is passed through a preconditioned Empore C-18 filter disk to remove neutral nonpolar species and then extracted continuously overnight with highest purity dichloromethane. The latter is then concentrated to 1 mL, and a large aliquot (up to 200 mu L) is loaded onto a dual-stage carbon sorbent trap, after which the solvent is removed with ultrapure helium, The concentrated residues are then injected orate a gas chromatographic column using a short-path thermal desorber. NDMA is selectively detected using a chemiluminescent nitrogen detector (CLND) operated in its nitrosamine-selective mode. The reporting limit for this procedure, evaluated using two independent statistically unbiased protocols, is 2 ng of NDMA/L, A related procedure, employing an automatic sampler instead of the short-path thermal desorber, provides convenient analysis of heavily contaminated samples and exhibits a reporting limit (same protocols cited previously) of 110 ng of NDMA/L. When the two methods are used together in a ''two-tiered'' protocol, NDMA concentrations spanning 4 orders of magnitude (ng/L to mu g/L levels) may be measured routinely. The low-level procedure employing only the short-path thermal desorber was applied successfully to three sources of drinking water, where NDMA concentrations ranged between 2 and 10 ng of NDMA/L, The two-tiered protocol was applied to a series of contaminated groundwaters whose NDMA concentrations ranged between approximately 10-7000 ng of NDMA/L. The results agreed with those obtained from an independent collaborating laboratory, which used a different analytical procedure. RP TOMKINS, BA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,ORGAN CHEM SECT,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Tomkins, Bruce/0000-0001-8520-1415 NR 36 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP 4387 EP 4395 DI 10.1021/ac00119a030 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800035 PM 8633779 ER PT J AU ZHONG, CJ PORTER, MD AF ZHONG, CJ PORTER, MD TI DESIGNING INTERFACES AT THE MOLECULAR-LEVEL SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VOLTAMMETRIC RESPONSE; GOLD ELECTRODES; CYTOCHROME-C; THIOL; FILMS; REDOX; ELECTROCHEMISTRY C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,CTR MICROANALYT INSTRUMENTAT,AMES,IA 50011. US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP ZHONG, CJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013 NR 42 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 67 IS 23 BP A709 EP A715 DI 10.1021/ac00119a001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA TG928 UT WOS:A1995TG92800002 ER PT J AU WESSEL, J LEE, JC PERIS, E YAP, GPA FORTIN, JB RICCI, JS SINI, G ALBINATI, A KOETZLE, TF EISENSTEIN, O RHEINGOLD, AL CRABTREE, RH AF WESSEL, J LEE, JC PERIS, E YAP, GPA FORTIN, JB RICCI, JS SINI, G ALBINATI, A KOETZLE, TF EISENSTEIN, O RHEINGOLD, AL CRABTREE, RH TI AN UNCONVENTIONAL INTERMOLECULAR 3-CENTER N-H-CENTER-DOT-CENTER-DOT-CENTER-DOT-H2RE HYDROGEN-BOND IN CRYSTALLINE [REH5(PPH(3))(3)]CENTER-DOT-INDOLE-CENTER-DOT-C6H6 SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION IN ENGLISH LA English DT Article DE HYDROGEN BONDING; HYDRIDES; INDOLES; RHENIUM COMPOUNDS ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; DERIVATIVES; REDUCTION; HYDRIDE C1 YALE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM,NEWARK,DE 19716. UNIV MILAN,INST PHARMACEUT CHEM,I-20131 MILAN,ITALY. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV PARIS 11,CHIM THEOR LAB,URA 506,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. UNIV SO MAINE,PORTLAND,DORSET,ENGLAND. BNL,UPTON,NY. RI Peris, Eduardo/C-8608-2013; Eisenstein, Odile/I-1704-2016; Albinati, Alberto/I-1262-2015 OI Peris, Eduardo/0000-0001-9022-2392; Eisenstein, Odile/0000-0001-5056-0311; Albinati, Alberto/0000-0002-8779-3327 NR 29 TC 169 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 12 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0570-0833 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. Engl. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 22 BP 2507 EP 2509 DI 10.1002/anie.199525071 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA TK744 UT WOS:A1995TK74400011 ER PT J AU Freund, RW Nachtigal, NM AF Freund, RW Nachtigal, NM TI Software for simplified lanczos and QMR algorithms SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Lanczos process; quasi-minimal residual iteration; linear system; eigenvalue computation; J-symmetric matrix; J-Hermitian matrix; look-ahead; three-term recurrence; coupled two-term recurrence ID HERMITIAN LINEAR-SYSTEMS; INDEFINITE SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS; MATRICES; TOEPLITZ; IMPLEMENTATION AB The nonsymmetric Lanczos process simplifies when applied to J-symmetric and J-Hermitian matrices, and work and storage requirements are roughly halved compared to the general case. In this paper, we describe FORTRAN-77 implementations of simplified versions of the look-ahead Lanczos algorithm and of the quasiminimal residual (QMR) method, which is a Lanczos-based iterative procedure for the solution of linear systems. These implementations of the simplified algorithms complete our software package QMRPACK, which so far contained only codes for Lanczos and QMR algorithms for general matrices. We describe in some detail the use of two routines, one for the solution of linear systems, and the other for eigenvalue computations. We present examples that lead to J-symmetric and J-Hermitian matrices. Results of numerical experiments are reported. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, MATH SCI SECT, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP AT&T BELL LABS, ROOM 2C-420, 600 MT AVE, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. NR 44 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 EI 1873-5460 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 319 EP 341 DI 10.1016/0168-9274(95)00089-5 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA TR784 UT WOS:A1995TR78400008 ER PT J AU EVANS, CJ PARKS, RE SULLIVAN, PJ TAYLOR, JS AF EVANS, CJ PARKS, RE SULLIVAN, PJ TAYLOR, JS TI VISUALIZATION OF SURFACE FIGURE BY THE USE OF ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE OPTICAL TESTING; INTERFEROMETERS; ZERNIKE POLYNOMIALS; POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY AB Commercial software in modern interferometers used in optical testing frequently fit the wave-front or surface-figure error to Zernike polynomials; typically 37 coefficients are provided. We provide visual representations of these data in a form that may help optical fabricators decide how to improve their process or how to optimize system assembly. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP EVANS, CJ (reprint author), NIST,DIV PRECIS ENGN,A-117 METROL BLDG,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 34 BP 7815 EP 7819 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA TH295 UT WOS:A1995TH29500002 PM 21068872 ER PT J AU HAVSTAD, MA MCLEAN, W LEWIS, RC AF HAVSTAD, MA MCLEAN, W LEWIS, RC TI MINIATURE KINEMATIC MIRROR MOUNT FOR UHV SERVICE SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Note AB A miniature kinematic mount allows adjustment of mirror pointing inside ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) by rotating finely threaded screws outside of vacuum. The mount assembly is less than 0.620 in. in diameter, so it fits through the standard tubing used with miniature conflat flanges. The mount is a point-line-plane device with a sapphire ball at the point position, so that no lubrication is required in vacuum. RP HAVSTAD, MA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 34 IS 34 BP 8078 EP 8078 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA TH295 UT WOS:A1995TH29500049 PM 21068918 ER PT J AU Preisler, J Yeung, ES AF Preisler, J Yeung, ES TI Characterization of matrix-assisted laser desorption based on absorption and acoustic monitoring SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE MALD; optical imaging; plume dynamics ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULES; IONS; MODEL AB Conventional methods for studying matrix-assisted desorption-ionization rely on mass spectroscopy. In this study, a 488-nm argon-ion laser beam is deflected by two acoustooptic deflectors to image plumes desorbed at atmospheric pressure via absorption. All species, including neutral molecules, are monitored. Interesting features, e.g., differences between the initial plume and subsequent plumes desorbed from the same spot, or the formation of two plumes from one laser shot, are observed. Total plume absorbance can be correlated with the acoustic signal generated by the desorption event. A model equation for the plume velocity as a function of time is proposed. Optical probing also enables accurate determination of plume velocities at reduced pressures. These results define the optimal conditions for desorbing analytes from matrices, as opposed to achieving a compromise between efficient desorption and efficient ionization as is practiced in mass spectrometry. C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RI Preisler, Jan/B-2005-2009 OI Preisler, Jan/0000-0002-9819-1284 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1826 EP 1833 DI 10.1366/0003702953965920 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA TM586 UT WOS:A1995TM58600021 ER PT J AU Cummins, KW Minshall, GW Cushing, CE AF Cummins, KW Minshall, GW Cushing, CE TI Robert Carl Petersen - Obituary SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 IDAHO STATE UNIV, POCATELLO, ID 83209 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Cummins, KW (reprint author), S FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DIST, W PALM BEACH, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UE414 UT WOS:A1995UE41400001 ER PT J AU Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Szalay, AS Koo, DC Kron, RG Munn, JA AF Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Szalay, AS Koo, DC Kron, RG Munn, JA TI Slicing through multicolor space: Galaxy redshifts from broadband photometry SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EVOLUTION AB As a means of better understanding the evolution of optically selected galaxies we consider the distribution of galaxies within the multicolor space U, B-J, R(F), and I-N. We find that they form an almost planar distribution out to B-J = 22.5 and z < 0.3. The position of a galaxy within this plane is dependent on its redshift, luminosity, and spectral type. While in the original U, B-J, R(F), and I-N space these properties are highly correlated, we can define an optimal rotation of the photometric axes that makes much of this information orthogonal. Fitting the observed spectroscopic redshifts with a quadratic function of the four magnitudes we show that redshifts for galaxies can be estimated to an accuracy better than Delta z = 0.05. This dispersion is due to the photometric uncertainties within the photographic data. Assuming no galaxy evolution we derive a set of simulated galaxy fluxes in the U, J, F, and N passbands. Using these data we investigate how the redshift is encoded within the broadband magnitudes and the intrinsic dispersion of the photometric-redshift relation. We find that the signal that defines a galaxy's photometric redshift is not related to specific absorption or emission lines but comes from the break in the overall shape of the galaxy continuum at around 4000 Angstrom. Using high signal-to-noise photometric data we estimate that it is possible to achieve an intrinsic dispersion of less than Delta z = 0.02. (C) 1995 American Astronomical Society. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21228. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,LICK OBSERV,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. UNIV CHICAGO,YERKES OBSERV,WILLIAMS BAY,WI 53191. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 20 TC 241 Z9 244 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2655 EP & DI 10.1086/117720 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TL326 UT WOS:A1995TL32600012 ER PT J AU CHARDONNET, P SALATI, P SILK, J GRENIER, I SMOOT, G AF CHARDONNET, P SALATI, P SILK, J GRENIER, I SMOOT, G TI THE GAMMA-RAY GALACTIC DIFFUSE-RADIATION AND CERENKOV TELESCOPES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DIFFUSE RADIATION; GALAXY, CENTER; GAMMA RAYS, THEORY; RADIATION MECHANISMS, NONTHERMAL ID DARK MATTER; COSMIC-RAY; CRAB-NEBULA; GALAXY; EMISSION; ENERGIES; SPECTRA AB By using the PYTHIA version of the Lund Monte Carlo program, we study the photon yield of proton-proton collisions in the energy range between 10 GeV and 1 TeV. The resulting photon spectrum turns out to scale roughly with incident energy. Then, by folding the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray protons with the distribution of H I and CO, the Galactic diffuse emission of gamma-rays above 100 GeV is mapped. Prospects for observing that diffuse radiation with atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes are discussed. Present instruments are able to detect the gamma-ray glow of the Galactic center. The latter will be mapped by the next generation of telescopes if their energy threshold is decreased. However, a detailed survey of the Galactic ridge will be a real challenge, even in the long term. The MILAGRO project seems more appropriate. Finally, we investigate the gamma-ray emission from weakly interacting massive particles clustering at the Galactic center. It has been speculated that those species are a major component of the halo dark matter. We show that their gamma-ray signal is swamped in the Galactic diffuse radiation and cannot be observed at TeV energies. C1 UNIV SAVOIE,F-73011 CHAMBERY,FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CENS,DEPT ASTROPHYS,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. INST UNIV FRANCE,ANNECY LE VIEUX,FRANCE. RP CHARDONNET, P (reprint author), ENSLAPP,THEORET PHYS GRP,BP 110,F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX,FRANCE. OI silk, joe/0000-0002-1566-8148 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 454 IS 2 BP 774 EP & DI 10.1086/176530 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TF088 UT WOS:A1995TF08800024 ER PT J AU GARCIASENZ, D WOOSLEY, SE AF GARCIASENZ, D WOOSLEY, SE TI TYPE IA SUPERNOVAE - THE FLAME IS BORN SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CONVECTION; NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEOSYNTHESIS, ABUNDANCES; STARS, INTERIORS SUPERNOVAE, GENERAL ID WHITE-DWARFS; MATTER; STARS AB The nuclear runaway that culminates in the explosion of a nearly Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf as a Type Ia supernova begins as stable convective carbon burning. As the central temperature rises to approximately 7 x 10(8) K, mixing length theory fails as the convective cycle time becomes comparable to the nuclear burning time. Using a simple analytic model and a realistic presupernova star, we explore the evolution of burning blobs as they ''float'' in response to the buoyancy produced by nuclear burning. The more rapidly moving of these blobs accelerate to approximately 100 km s(-1) and travel several hundred kilometers before nuclear reactions accelerate so rapidly that burning is completed in place. After burning to a temperature near 10(10) K, the blobs become even more buoyant (Delta rho/rho similar to 25%) and accelerate to a fraction of the sound speed. A negative heat capacity due to alpha-particle recombination assists here. Our calculations suggest different starting conditions than usually employed by those doing multidimensional calculations of these events. Moreover, velocities of burning regions of a fraction of the sound speed may not be too difficult to achieve. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,UNIV CALIF OBSERV,LICK OBSERV,BOARD STUDIES ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP GARCIASENZ, D (reprint author), UPC,DEPT FIS & ENGN NUCL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 18 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 454 IS 2 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.1086/176542 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TF088 UT WOS:A1995TF08800036 ER PT J AU ALCOCK, C ALLSMAN, RA ALVES, D AXELROD, TS BENNETT, DP COOK, KH FREEMAN, KC GRIEST, K GUERN, J LEHNER, MJ MARSHALL, SL PETERSON, BA PRATT, MR QUINN, PJ RODGERS, AW STUBBS, CW SUTHERLAND, W AF ALCOCK, C ALLSMAN, RA ALVES, D AXELROD, TS BENNETT, DP COOK, KH FREEMAN, KC GRIEST, K GUERN, J LEHNER, MJ MARSHALL, SL PETERSON, BA PRATT, MR QUINN, PJ RODGERS, AW STUBBS, CW SUTHERLAND, W TI FIRST OBSERVATION OF PARALLAX IN A GRAVITATIONAL MICROLENSING EVENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DARK MATTER; GALAXY, STELLAR CONTENT; GRAVITATIONAL LENSING; STARS, DISTANCES ID GALACTIC BULGE; STARS AB We present the first detection of parallax effects in a gravitational microlensing event. Parallax in a gravitational microlensing event observed only from the Earth appears as a distortion of the (otherwise symmetrical) light curve arising from the motion of the Earth around the Sun. This distortion can be detected if the event duration is not much less than a year and if the projected velocity of the lens is not much larger than the orbital velocity of the Earth about the Sun. The event presented here has a duration (or Einstein diameter crossing time) of (t) over cap = 220 days and clearly shows the distortion resulting from the Earth's motion. We find that the projected velocity of the lens is <(nu)over tilde> = 75 +/- 5 km s(-1) at an angle of 28 degrees +/- 4 degrees from the direction of increasing galactic longitude, as expected for a lens in the galactic disk. A likelihood analysis of this event yields estimates of the distance to and mass of the lens: D-lens = 1.71(-0.7)(+1.1) kpc and M = 1.3(-0.6)(+1.3) M(.). This suggests that the lens is a remnant such as a white dwarf or neutron star. It is possible, though less likely, that the lens is a main-sequence star. If so, we can add our upper limit on the observed flux from the lens to the analysis. This modifies the estimates to D-lens = 2.8(-0.6)(+1.1) kpc and M = 0.6(-0.2)(+0.4) M(.). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PARTICLE ASTROPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE NATL FACIL,SUPERCOMP FACIL,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,MT STROMLO & SIDING SPRING OBSERV,WESTON,ACT 2611,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92039. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT PHYS,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ASTRON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD OX1 3RH,ENGLAND. RP ALCOCK, C (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 26 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 454 IS 2 BP L125 EP L128 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TF089 UT WOS:A1995TF08900013 ER PT J AU MURRAY, SD WOODS, DT CASTOR, JI KLEIN, RI MCKEE, CF AF MURRAY, SD WOODS, DT CASTOR, JI KLEIN, RI MCKEE, CF TI RADIATION HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS OF ECLIPSING LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACCRETION, ACCRETION DISKS; BINARIES, CLOSE; BINARIES, ECLIPSING; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (X1822 - 371, 2S 0921 - 630); X-RAYS, STARS ID COMPTON HEATED WINDS; ACCRETION DISKS; CORONAE AB We present the results of self-consistent two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic models of winds and coronae above accretion disks in low-mass X-ray binaries. The numerical method combines adaptive mesh refinement for the hydrodynamics with combined ray tracking/flux-limited diffusion for the radiation. The results of the models are compared with EXOSAT observations of X1822-371 and 2S 0921-630, two eclipsing systems that are ideal for direct tests of coronal structure. Excellent fits to the eclipses by the companion star are found for models with intrinsic system luminosities approximate to 0.1L(Edd). Estimates are made of the equivalent width of the Fe K alpha emission, and values in the range 50-200 eV are found, comparable to estimates from recent observations. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SPACE SCI LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MURRAY, SD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,601 CAMPBELL HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Murray, Stephen/I-8685-2016 OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 454 IS 2 BP L133 EP L136 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TF089 UT WOS:A1995TF08900015 ER PT J AU Almeida, JS Sonesson, A Ringelberg, DB White, DC AF Almeida, JS Sonesson, A Ringelberg, DB White, DC TI Application of artificial neural networks to the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its antibiotic resistance and prediction of pathogenicity amongst Mycobacterium spp based on signature lipid biomarkers SO BINARY-COMPUTING IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The potential of artificial feed forward neural networks in assessing the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its antibiotic resistance, and the pathogenicity of 19 Mycobacterial species was tested with a set of 67 strains based on signature lipid analysis. The lipid signature biomarkers were based on concentration patterns of 36 wax neutral lipid alcohols and fatty acids which to date are found exclusively in Mycobacteria. The strains were assigned to species by independent clinical laboratories by their cultural properties and in some cases on the basis of DNA gene probes. The trained artificial neural network was able to identify correctly M. tuberculosis strains from their lipid signatures using one hidden node. The predictive accuracy was independently tested with 10 lipid profiles not used to train the artificial neural network. The analysis of predictive sensitivity showed that most of M. tuberculosis lipid signature is separable from other Mycobacterium spp. based on these data. Recognition of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity was non-linear requiring multiple hidden nodes. When the same data set was used to train an artificial neural network with two hidden nodes to recognize different nutritional behaviours, pathogenic and saprotrophic Mycobacterium spp. were successfully recognized with 5% and 4% error respectively. The successful recognition of strict pathogenicity teas more complex requiring a hidden layer of 23 nodes. An association between the lipid signatures of 15 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to isoniazid and streptomycin was achieved with a 7% error by a artificial neural network with 13 hidden nodes. These results suggest that the analysis of signature lipids by artificial neural network can be used for species detection/identification, pathogenicity, and drug resistance. Since signature lipid biomarker analysis does not require isolation and culture of microbes, has the potential for automation, rapid analysis, and exquisite sensitivity, the technique offers great promise in the detection and management of Mycobacterial disease. C1 MICROBIAL INSIGHTS INC,KNOXVILLE,TN 37922. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV NOVA LISBOA,FCT,DEPT QUIM,P-2825 MONTE DE CAPARICA,PORTUGAL. RP Almeida, JS (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,10515 RES DR,SUITE 300,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOLINE PI CARDIFF PA UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF, SCHOOL PURE & APPLIED BIOLOGY, PO BOX 915, CARDIFF CF1 3TL, WALES SN 0266-304X J9 BINARY-COMPUT MICROB JI Binary-Comput. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4-6 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science GA TP953 UT WOS:A1995TP95300025 ER PT J AU Doering, C Ermentrout, B Oster, G AF Doering, C Ermentrout, B Oster, G TI Rotary DNA motors SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PORTAL PROTEIN; SYMMETRY; BACTERIOPHAGES; PHI-29; PUMP AB Many molecular motors move unidirectionally along a DNA strand powered by nucleotide hydrolysis. These motors are multimeric ATPases with more than one hydrolysis site. We present here a model for how these motors generate the requisite force to process along their DNA track. This novel mechanism for force generation is based on a fluctuating electrostatic field driven by nucleotide hydrolysis. We apply the principle to explain the motion of certain DNA helicases and the portal protein, the motor that bacteriophages use to pump the genome into their capsids. The motor can reverse its direction without reversing the polarity of its electrostatic field, that is, without major structural modifications of the protein. We also show that the motor can be driven by an ion gradient; thus the mechanism may apply as well to the bacterial flagellar motor and to ATP synthase. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT MATH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MOLEC & CELLULAR BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 37 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2256 EP 2267 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA TV018 UT WOS:A1995TV01800008 PM 8599633 ER PT J AU Strube, WS AF Strube, WS TI Vibrational equilibration in absorption difference spectra of chlorophyll a SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; LHC-II; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ANTENNA AB We describe Franck-Condon simulations of vibrational cooling effects on absorption difference spectra in chlorophyll a (Chl a). The relative contributions of vibrational equilibration in the electronic ground and excited states depend on the pump and probe wavelengths. For Franck-Condon-active vibrational modes exhibiting small Huang-Rhys factors (S < 0.1, characteristic in Chl a pigments), vibrational thermalizafion causes essentially no spectral changes when the origin band is excited, Significant spectral evolution does occur for S < 0.1 when the 0-1 and 1-0 (hot) vibronic bands are excited. However, vibrational equilibration in these cases causes no spectral shifting in the empirical photobleaching/stimulated emission band maximum. This result bears on the interpretation of time-resolved absorption difference spectra of Chl a-containing antennae such as the Chl a/b light-harvesting peripheral antenna of photosystem II. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, US DOE, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP Strube, WS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM, GILMAN HALL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2739 EP 2744 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA TV018 UT WOS:A1995TV01800055 PM 8599680 ER PT J AU Pfenninger, S Antholine, WE Barr, ME Hyde, JS Kroneck, PMH Zumft, WG AF Pfenninger, S Antholine, WE Barr, ME Hyde, JS Kroneck, PMH Zumft, WG TI Electron spin-lattice relaxation of the [Cu(1.5)center dot center dot center dot Cu(1.5)] dinuclear copper center in nitrous oxide reductase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MULTICOPPER ENZYME; CUA SITE; EPR; PROTEIN; AERUGINOSA; COMPLEXES; BEHAVIOR AB Relaxation times have been obtained with time-domain EPR for the dinuclear mixed valence [CuA(1.5)... Cu-A(1.5)] S = 1/2 center in nitrous oxide reductase, N(2)OR, from Pseudomonas stutzeri, in the TN5 mutant defective in copper chromophore biosynthesis, in a synthetic mixed valence complex, and in type 1 and 2 copper complexes. Data confirmed that the intrinsic electron spin-lattice relaxation time, T-1, for N(2)OR in the temperature range of 6-25 K is unusually short for copper centers. At best, a twofold increase of T-1 from g(perpendicular to) to g(parallel to) was measured. Optimized fits of the saturation-recovery data were obtained using both double-exponential and stretched-exponential functions. The temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate of mutant N(2)OR is about T-5.0 with the stretched-exponential model or T-3.3 and T-3.9 for the model using the sum of two exponentials. These T(1)s are intrinsic to the mixed valence [Cu-A(1.5)... Cu-A(1.5)] center, and no interaction of the second copper center in wild-type N(2)OR with the [Cu-A(1.5)... Cu-A(1.5)] center has been observed. The T-1 of the mixed valence center of N(2)OR is not only shorter than for monomeric square planar Cu(II) complexes, but also shorter than for a synthetic mixed valence complex, Cu-2{N[CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2]N-3}. The short T-1 is attributed to the vibrational modes of type 1 copper and/or the metal-metal interaction in [Cu-A(1.5)... Cu-A(1.5)]. C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,BIOPHYS RES INST,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV NUCL MAT TECHNOL,ADV TECHNOL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV KONSTANZ,FAK BIOL,D-78434 CONSTANCE,GERMANY. UNIV KARLSRUHE,LEHRSTUHL MIKROBIOL,D-76128 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01008]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27665] NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 2761 EP 2769 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA TV018 UT WOS:A1995TV01800057 PM 8599682 ER PT J AU WINARDI, R DISCHER, D KELLEY, C ZON, L MAYS, K MOHANDAS, N CONBOY, JG AF WINARDI, R DISCHER, D KELLEY, C ZON, L MAYS, K MOHANDAS, N CONBOY, JG TI EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED ALTERNATIVE PRE-MESSENGER-RNA SPLICING REGULATES STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPECTRIN-ACTIN BINDING DOMAIN OF ERYTHROID-PROTEIN-4.1 SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE SKELETON PROTEIN-4.1; HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; XENOPUS; VARIANTS; ISOFORM; CELLS; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION AB A developmental alternative splicing switch, involving exon 16 of protein 4.1 pre-mRNA, occurs during mammalian erythropoiesis. By controlling expression of a 21-amino acid peptide required for high-affinity interaction of protein 4.1 with spectrin and actin, this switch helps to regulate erythrocyte membrane mechanical stability. Here we show that key aspects of protein 4.1 structure and function are conserved in nucleated erythroid cells of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Analysis of protein 4.1 cDNA sequences cloned from Xenopus erythrocytes and oocytes showed that tissue-specific alternative splicing of exon 16 also occurs in frogs. Importantly, functional studies with recombinant Xenopus erythroid 4.1 demonstrated specific binding to and mechanical stabilization of 4.1-deficient human erythrocyte membranes. Phylogenetic sequence comparison showed two evolutionarily conserved peptides that represent candidate spectrin-actin binding sites. Finally, in situ hybridization of early embryos showed high expression of 4.1 mRNA in ventral blood islands and in developing brain structures. These results demonstrate that regulated expression of structurally and functionally distinct protein 4.1 isoforms, mediated by tissue-specific alternative splicing, has been highly evolutionarily conserved. Moreover, both nucleated amphibian erythrocytes and their enucleated mammalian counterparts express 4.1 isoforms functionally competent for spectrin-actin binding. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DIV HEMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI Kelley, Clair/O-2688-2015 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL48801]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094] NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 11 BP 4315 EP 4322 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TG663 UT WOS:A1995TG66300037 PM 7492792 ER PT J AU Pinzon, JE Puente, CE Parlange, MB Eichinger, W AF Pinzon, JE Puente, CE Parlange, MB Eichinger, W TI A multifractal analysis of lidar measured water vapour SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; NEGATIVE DIMENSIONS; FLUID TURBULENCE; RAMAN-LIDAR; MODEL; RAIN; CLOUDS AB Accurate and fast-response measurements of space-time observations of specific humidity were made above a drying land surface at the University of California at Davis, using the Los Alamos water Raman-lidar. In an attempt to quantify the space-time intermittency features of turbulent flows in the lower atmosphere, a multifractal analysis of these water vapour measurements was performed. The structure of the specific humidity, theta(x, t), was analyzed quantifying a scalar gradient measure (similar to [grad theta](2)) both in time and space, for all possible one-dimensional cuts, i.e. chi(t)(x, t) = [partial derivative theta(x, t)/partial derivative t](2) and chi(x)(x, t) = [partial derivative theta(x, t)/partial derivative x](2). The results confirm the multifractal nature of this scalar gadient measure (a type of scalar dissipation rate) and show that humidity measurements at fixed times (chi(x)) are more intermittent (e.g. have less entropy dimension) than those at fixed locations in space (chi(t)). Similar multifractal behaviour of the spatial data, with and without a transformation from the observed wind velocities, supports the validity of Taylor's hypothesis for the studied fields. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP Pinzon, JE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS, INST THEORET DYNAM, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RI Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 76 IS 4 BP 323 EP 347 DI 10.1007/BF00709237 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TY775 UT WOS:A1995TY77500002 ER PT J AU Meffe, GK Weeks, SC Mulvey, M Kandl, KL AF Meffe, GK Weeks, SC Mulvey, M Kandl, KL TI Genetic differences in thermal tolerance of eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae) from ambient and thermal ponds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; LATIPINNA PISCES; POPULATIONS AB Two populations of eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki; Poeciliidae) in South Carolina, one in an ambient temperature pond and the other in a pond heated to near-lethal temperatures by nuclear reactor effluents for 60-90 mosquitofish generations, offered an excellent opportunity to observe selection for increased thermal tolerance. We performed three experiments. First, we determined the critical thermal maximum of each population and, as predicted, found the thermal population to have a higher one. We then exposed fish from both populations to an acute thermal LD(50) stress and compared genetic diversity of fish that died and fish that survived. Survivors had higher heterozygosities, indicating that genetic diversity may contribute to thermal tolerance. Finally, we used a half-sib - full-sib experimental design to estimate heritabilities for temperature tolerance in fish from the heated pond. We calculated a narrow-sense heritability for temperature at death of over 32%, indicating that selection has not depleted the population of genetic variation associated with thermal tolerance. Our results have implications for climate change because adaptations to higher thermal regimes must, in part, come from selection on genetic variation for temperature tolerance within populations. RP Meffe, GK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 31 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2704 EP 2711 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA UA096 UT WOS:A1995UA09600017 ER PT J AU Jung, RE Jagoe, CH AF Jung, RE Jagoe, CH TI Effects of low pH and aluminum on body size, swimming performance, and susceptibility to predation of green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; RANA-TEMPORARIA; ACID PRECIPITATION; ION BALANCE; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM; LIMITED PREDATION; AMPHIBIAN EGGS AB Green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles were exposed immediately after hatching to aluminum (nominally 0, 150, 250, 400 mu g/L) at pH 4.5 or 5.5, plus a control (pH 7.0, 0 mu g/L Al) for 96 h. Mortality increased with increasing Al concentration at pH 4.5 but not at pH 5.5. Among surviving tadpoles, body size was significantly reduced at higher Al concentrations at both pH 4.5 and 5.5. At pH 4.5, analysis of covariance indicated that maximal swimming speed was positively correlated with tadpole total length and differed among Al treatments; tadpoles at higher Al levels swam more slowly. Body Al and Na+ concentrations also differed among treatments. In a second experiment, tadpoles exposed for 96 h to approximately 150 mu g/L Al at 4.5 pH were preyed upon by dragonfly larvae (Libellulidae) at a higher rate than were tadpoles raised in pH 4.5 or 7.0 without Al. As in the first experiment, tadpoles exposed to Al were smaller and were slower swimmers. Sublethal concentrations of Al at low pH may result in lowered growth rates and hence reduced body size. Swimming performance is reduced by small body size, and size-adjusted performance is further reduced by Al and low pH, which might lead to higher predation on Al-stressed tadpoles. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ZOOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 85 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 73 IS 12 BP 2171 EP 2183 DI 10.1139/z95-257 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TU239 UT WOS:A1995TU23900001 ER PT J AU TAKAYAMA, K SALAZAR, EP LEHMANN, A STEFANINI, M THOMPSON, LH WEBER, CA AF TAKAYAMA, K SALAZAR, EP LEHMANN, A STEFANINI, M THOMPSON, LH WEBER, CA TI DEFECTS IN THE DNA-REPAIR AND TRANSCRIPTION GENE ERCC2 IN THE CANCER-PRONE DISORDER XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM GROUP-D SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENTATION GROUP-D; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; EXCISION REPAIR; GROUP-H; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ULTRAVIOLET SENSITIVITY; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CDNA CLONING; YEAST RAD3; CHO CELLS AB Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a sun-sensitive, cancer-prone genetic disorder characterized by a defect in nucleotide excision repair. The human nucleotide excision repair and transcription gene ERCC2 is able to restore survival to normal levels after exposure to UV light in XP complementation group D cells. No enhancement of UV survival is seen in groups C, E, F, or G. XP-CS-2 cells are complemented by ERCC2, confirming the reassignment to group D of this combined XP/Cockayne's syndrome patient. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ERCC2 cDNA from five XP group D cell strains [XP6BE(SV40), XP17PV, XP102LO, A31-27 (a HeLa/XP1O2LO hybrid), and XP-CS-2] revealed mutations predominantly affecting previously identified functional domains. The mutations include base substitutions resulting in amino acid substitutions, deletions due to splicing alterations, and defects in expression, XP6BE(SV40), XP17PV, XP102LO, and A31-27 all have one allele with an Arg683 to Trp substitution within the putative nuclear location signal. The genetic disorder trichothiodystrophy (which is not cancer-prone) can also result from mutations in the ERCC2 gene, some of which are the same as those found in XP-D. The various clinical presentations can be correlated with the particular mutations found in the ERCC2 locus. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. UNIV SUSSEX, MRC, CELL MUTAT UNIT, BRIGHTON BN1 9RR, E SUSSEX, ENGLAND. IST GENET BIOCHIM & EVOLUZIONIST, I-27100 PAVIA, ITALY. NR 54 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 23 BP 5656 EP 5663 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TG211 UT WOS:A1995TG21100033 PM 7585650 ER PT J AU BREITZ, HB DURHAM, JS FISHER, DR WEIDEN, PL AF BREITZ, HB DURHAM, JS FISHER, DR WEIDEN, PL TI RADIATION-ABSORBED DOSE ESTIMATES TO NORMAL ORGANS FOLLOWING INTRAPERITONEAL RE-186-LABELED MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY - METHODS AND RESULTS SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer CY OCT 06-08, 1994 CL PRINCETON, NJ SP Ctr Molec Med & Immunol, Garden State Canc Ctr ID PHASE-I TRIALS; DOSIMETRY; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; ADENOCARCINOMA; EXPERIENCE; CARCINOMA AB The radiation-absorbed dose was estimated following i,p, administration of a Re-186-labeled murine antibody, NR-LU-10, in 27 patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Data for the dosimetry estimation were obtained from quantitative gamma camera imaging and gamma counting of serum and i,p, fluid radioactivity. A peritoneal cavity model was used to estimate the dose to normal organs from radioactivity within the peritoneal cavity, Estimates of radiation-absorbed dose to normal organs in rad/mCi administered (mean + SD) were: whole body, 0.7 + 0.3; marrow, 0.4 + 0.1; liver, 1.9 + 0.9; kidneys, 0.2 + 0.2, and intestine, 0.2 + 0.2, The radiation-absorbed dose estimates to the normal peritoneal surface varied depending on the volume of fluid infused and whether the activity was measured by the gamma camera or from the peritoneal fluid samples, Using gamma camera data, the peritoneal surface dose ranged from 7 to 36 rads/mCi; when using the peritoneal fluid sample data, the dose ranged from 2 to 25 rads/mCi, Myelosuppression, observed in several patients, correlated best with marrow dose estimates based on the serum radioactivity, and significant toxicity was observed at marrow doses greater than 100 rads. The noninvasive methods of dose estimation for i,p. administration of radioimmunoconjugates provided reasonable absorbed dose estimates when compared with previously described, more invasive methods. C1 NEORX VIRGINIA MASON CLIN RES UNIT, SEATTLE, WA 98111 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP BREITZ, HB (reprint author), VIRGINIA MASON MED CTR, DEPT MED, POB 900, SEATTLE, WA 98111 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 55 IS 23 SU S BP S5817 EP S5822 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TH916 UT WOS:A1995TH91600022 ER PT J AU Leadon, SA Sumerel, J Minton, TA Tischler, A AF Leadon, SA Sumerel, J Minton, TA Tischler, A TI Coal tar residues produce both DNA adducts and oxidative DNA damage in human mammary epithelial cells SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE; TOPICAL APPLICATION; COVALENT BINDING; BENZOPYRENE; MICE; COMPONENTS; SKIN; BENZO(A)PYRENE; CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM AB In the present study we compare the metabolic activation of coal tar, as measured by the production of both DNA adducts and oxidative DNA damage, with that of a single carcinogen that is a constituent of this complex mixture in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). We find that a significant level of DNA adducts, detected by P-32-postlabeling, are formed in HMEC following exposure to coal tar residues, This treatment also results in the generation of high levels of oxidative DNA damage, as measured by the production of one type of oxidative base modification, thymine glycols. The amounts of both DNA adducts and thymine glycols varied considerably between the various coal tar residues and did not correlate with either the total amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) or the amount of benzo[alpha]pyrene (B[alpha]P) present in the residue, Fractionating the residue from one of the sites by sequential extraction with organic solvents indicated that while the ability to produce both types of DNA damage was contained mostly in a hexane-soluble fraction, a benzene-soluble fraction produced high levels of reactive oxygens relative to the number of total DNA adducts. We find that the total amount of PAH or B[alpha]P present in the coal tars from the various sites was not a predictor of the level of total DNA damage formed. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA. RP Leadon, SA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD DEC PY 1995 VL 16 IS 12 BP 3021 EP 3026 DI 10.1093/carcin/16.12.3021 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TL668 UT WOS:A1995TL66800020 PM 8603479 ER PT J AU Daw, CS Thomas, JF Richards, GA Narayanaswami, LL AF Daw, CS Thomas, JF Richards, GA Narayanaswami, LL TI Chaos in thermal pulse combustion SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES AB An experimental thermal pulse combustor and a differential equation model of this device are shown to exhibit chaotic behavior under certain conditions. Chaos arises in the model by means of a progression of period-doubling bifurcations that occur when operating parameters such as combustor wall temperature or air/fuel flow are adjusted to push the system toward flameout. Bifurcation sequences have not yet been reproduced experimentally, but similarities are demonstrated between the dynamic features of pressure fluctuations in the model and experiment, Correlation dimension, Kolmogorov entropy, and projections of reconstructed attractors using chaotic time series analysis are demonstrated to be useful in classifying dynamical behavior of the experimental combustor and for comparison of test data to the model results. Ways to improve the model are suggested. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE,MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. EMBRY RIDDLE AERONAUT UNIV,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,DAYTONA BEACH,FL 32114. RP Daw, CS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENGN TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 662 EP 670 DI 10.1063/1.166137 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA TL011 UT WOS:A1995TL01100006 ER PT J AU Soong, Y Gamwo, IK Blackwell, AG Schehl, RR Zarochak, MF AF Soong, Y Gamwo, IK Blackwell, AG Schehl, RR Zarochak, MF TI Measurements of solids concentration in a three-phase reactor by an ultrasonic technique SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL AND THE BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE three-phase reactor; solids concentration; ultrasonic technique ID BED AB An ultrasonic technique was developed to measure the concentration of solids in a three-phase slurry reactor. Preliminary measurements were taken on slurries consisting of water, glass beads, and nitrogen bubbles. The data show that the speed and attenuation of the sound are well defined functions of the solid and gas concentrations in the slurries. A simple model is proposed to correlate the concentration of solids with the measured characteristics of the ultrasonic signals. RP Soong, Y (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 10940,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0923-0467 J9 CHEM ENG J BIOCH ENG JI Chem. Eng. J. Biochem. Eng. J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 60 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0923-0467(95)03011-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TP503 UT WOS:A1995TP50300020 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, EN PETERSEN, JN WANG, Y LITTLE, MH AF KAUFMAN, EN PETERSEN, JN WANG, Y LITTLE, MH TI EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID FLUIDIZED-BEDS OF COAL PARTICLES SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; SOLUBILIZATION; LIQUEFACTION; SEGREGATION; MODEL AB Liquid fluidized-bed reactors are being investigated for the biological conversion of coal to clean-burning liquid fuels. The efficient design, operation, and scaleup of such reactors require accurate, predictive mathematical models which describe their performance. A fully predictive model is proposed to describe both the bed height and the particle size distribution obtained in such liquid fluidized beds of coal particles. This model is validated on both the macroscopic and microscopic scales. First, using well-characterized charges of Illinois #6 bituminous coal having a particle size of 10-250 mu m, the bed was studied macroscopically by observing the bed height as a function of Flow rate and coal charge. Secondly, to characterize the bed on a microscopic level, a novel, noninvasive fluorescence technique was used. This technique allowed direct observation of particle size distributions as a function of axial position and flow rate. Use of this experimental technique revealed patterns in bed segregation and elutriation that will be paramount to the operation of a bioreactor for coal solubilization. Over a wide range of particle sizes, liquid velocities, and coal loadings, the predicted bed heights agree very well with the experimental results. In addition, agreement is demonstrated between the predicted and measured particle number distributions as a function of flow rate and axial position. The mathematical model proposed here will have an impact on many low-Reynolds-number fluidized-bed applications, including other bioprocesses such as ethanol production and fermentation of organic acids. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KAUFMAN, EN (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR BIOPROC RES & DEV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 50 IS 23 BP 3703 EP 3714 DI 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00153-V PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TK320 UT WOS:A1995TK32000004 ER PT J AU KOVSCEK, AR PATZEK, TW RADKE, CJ AF KOVSCEK, AR PATZEK, TW RADKE, CJ TI A MECHANISTIC POPULATION BALANCE MODEL FOR TRANSIENT AND STEADY-STATE FOAM FLOW IN BOISE SANDSTONE SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA AB Foam in porous media is discontinuous on a length scale that overlaps with pore dimensions. This foam-bubble microstructure determines the flow behavior of foam in porous media and, in turn, the flow of gas and liquid. Modeling of foam displacement has been frustrated because empirical extensions of the conventional continuum and Newtonian description of fluids in porous media do not reflect the coupling of foam-bubble microstructure and foam theology. We report a mechanistic model for foam displacement in porous media that incorporates pore-level mechanisms of foam generation, coalescence, and transport in the transient Bow of aqueous foams. A mean-size foam-bubble conservation equation, along with the traditional reservoir/groundwater simulation equations, provides the foundation for our mechanistic foam-displacement simulations. Since foam mobility depends heavily upon its texture, the bubble population balance is both useful and necessary, as the role of foam texture must be incorporated into any model which seeks to predict foam flow accurately. Our model employs capillary-pressure-dependent kinetic expressions for lamellae generation and coalescence, and incorporates trapping of lamellae. Additionally, the effects of surfactant chemical transport are included. All model parameters have clear physical meaning and, consequently, are independent of Bow conditions. Thus, for the first time, scale up of foam-flow behavior from laboratory to field dimensions appears possible. The simulation model is verified by comparison with experiment. In situ, transient, and steady aqueous-phase liquid contents are garnered in a 1.3 mu m(2) Boise sandstone using scanning gamma-ray densitometry. Backpressures exceed 5 MPa, and foam quality ranges from 0.80 to 0.99. Total superficial velocities range from as little as 0.42 to 2.20 m/d. Sequential pressure taps measure Row resistance. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and theory. Further, we find that the bubble population balance is the only current means of describing all Row modes of foam self-consistently. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 36 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 50 IS 23 BP 3783 EP 3799 DI 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00199-F PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TK320 UT WOS:A1995TK32000010 ER PT J AU ASHFOLD, MNR CHANDLER, IW HAYDEN, CC MCKAY, RI HECK, AJR AF ASHFOLD, MNR CHANDLER, IW HAYDEN, CC MCKAY, RI HECK, AJR TI 2-COLOR RESONANT 4-WAVE-MIXING SPECTROSCOPY OF AMMONIA SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; INDUCED GRATING SPECTROSCOPY; EXPANSION-COOLED AMMONIA; OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE; STATE AMMONIA; PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; MPI SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SCATTERING AB We demonstrate the use of two-color resonant four-wave mixing (TC-RFWM) spectroscopy to detect gas-phase ammonia molecules. Appropriate choice of the two different excitation frequencies is shown to cause substantial enhancement in the third-order susceptibility, (chi)(3)r and a consequent increase both in spectral sensitivity and in selectivity as compared with the corresponding one-color degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) technique. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, COMBUST RES FACIL, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. STANFORD UNIV, DEPT CHEM, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. UNIV BRISTOL, SCH CHEM, BRISTOL BS8 1TS, AVON, ENGLAND. RI Heck, Albert/D-7098-2011; OI Heck, Albert/0000-0002-2405-4404; ashfold, michael/0000-0001-5762-7048 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 201 IS 1 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00269-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH205 UT WOS:A1995TH20500018 ER PT J AU HO, J PARKS, EK ZHU, L RILEY, SJ AF HO, J PARKS, EK ZHU, L RILEY, SJ TI REACTIONS OF SMALL COBALT CLUSTERS WITH N-2 - IMPLICATIONS FOR CLUSTER STRUCTURE SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL CLUSTERS; METAL-CLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; DEUTERIUM; IRON; REACTIVITY; ENERGIES; AMMONIA; NIN AB The geometrical structures of small cobalt clusters are probed via the adsorption of molecular nitrogen on their surfaces. In contrast to nickel clusters, the adsorption of nitrogen causes most cobalt clusters to change structure; in some cases multiple structural changes occur as the nitrogen coverage is increased. Although this complicates the determination of structure for the bare clusters, we are able to propose structures for most of the clusters in the Co-3-Co-16 size range. Again in contrast to nickel, most cobalt clusters appear to adopt close-packed structures that resemble bulk packing. For example, while Ni-13 is most likely an icosahedron, Co-13 appears to have an fee or hcp structure. The structural differences between the two metals probably reflects the increased importance of d-orbital binding in cobalt compared to nickel. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 201 IS 1 BP 245 EP 261 DI 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00242-4 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH205 UT WOS:A1995TH20500019 ER PT J AU GARRETT, WR ZHU, YF DENG, L PAYNE, MG AF GARRETT, WR ZHU, YF DENG, L PAYNE, MG TI COHERENT MULTIPHOTON RESONANT EXCITATION PROFILES - ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; MIXING INTERFERENCE; 3-PHOTON RESONANCE; SHIFTS; COMPETITION; SUPPRESSION; EMISSION; XENON; ACETYLENE AB We demonstrate some novel features of three-photon resonant excitations of dipole-allowed transitions. Examples in Xe are demonstrated, and implications for analytical applications are described. C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STATESBORO,GA 30460. RP GARRETT, WR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CHEM PHYS SECT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 246 IS 4-5 BP 446 EP 454 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01117-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TH244 UT WOS:A1995TH24400015 ER PT J AU Cheon, JW Arnold, J Yu, KM Bourret, ED AF Cheon, JW Arnold, J Yu, KM Bourret, ED TI Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of semiconducting III/VI In2Se3 thin films form the single-source precursor: In[SeC(SiMe(3))(3)](3) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR DESIGN; INDIUM; CONVERSION; PYROLYSIS; NITRIDE; LIGANDS; GROWTH; PHASE; ZINC; ZNSE AB Thin films of In2Se3 have been prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using volatile In[SeC(SiMe(3))(3)](3) as the precursor. The influence of growth parameters on the formation of crystalline phases and on the morphologies of In2Se3 films were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The stoichiometry of the films was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Cheon, JW (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV SCI MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2273 EP 2276 DI 10.1021/cm00060a014 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA TL987 UT WOS:A1995TL98700014 ER PT J AU MILLS, GL SULLIVAN, LR AF MILLS, GL SULLIVAN, LR TI INDIRECT PHOTOLYSIS OF TETRAPHENYLBORATE SENSITIZED BY HUMIC-ACID SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SINGLET OXYGEN; OXIDANTS; SURFACE AB Tetraphenylborate (TPB) will be used in the immoblization of high-level radioactive wastes in the U.S. Department of Energy's Defense Waste Processing Facility. This will be the first large-scale industrial application of TPB and information regarding its behavior in the environment is needed to assess the impact of potential contamination. Previous work indicated that TPB degrades via indirect photolysis initiated by humic substances in natural waters. In this study, the contribution of selected photo-generated reactive transient compounds were evaluated. Some of the degradation products of the reaction were also identified. The results indicate that reaction paths involving the super oxide anion (O-2-) have a negligible contribution to humic acid sensitzed photolysis. Singlet oxygen (O-1(2)), generated by sunlight irradiation of. solution containing rose bengal, rapidly degraded TPB. However, the results from experiments evaluating the role of O-1(2) in TPB degradation in solutions containing humic acid were inconclusive. Triphenylboron, o-terphenyl, and bis-diphenylborinate were identified as degradation products in solvent extracts of irradiated solution using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. RP MILLS, GL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 1995 VL 31 IS 11-12 BP 4541 EP 4547 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00322-Y PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TK381 UT WOS:A1995TK38100017 ER PT J AU Jencks, HW AF Jencks, HW TI China's strategic seapower: The politics of force modernization in the nuclear age - Lewis,JW, Xue,LT SO CHINA QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, CTR CHINESE STUDIES, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Jencks, HW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0305-7410 J9 CHINA QUART JI China Q. PD DEC PY 1995 IS 144 BP 1207 EP 1209 PG 3 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA TN740 UT WOS:A1995TN74000033 ER PT J AU Labouriau, A Kim, YW Chipera, S Bish, DL Earl, WL AF Labouriau, A Kim, YW Chipera, S Bish, DL Earl, WL TI A F-19 nuclear magnetic resonance study of natural clays SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE Al-27; aluminum; clay minerals; F-19; fluorine; MAS; NMR; solid ID STRUCTURAL FLUORINE; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALS; CHARGE; SOLIDS AB A series of natural clays, including 1:1 layer silicates (serpentines, kaolin minerals), smectites, vermiculite, micas, talc, pyrophyllite, sepiolite, and palygorskite, were studied by F-19 magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The F-19 chemical shift in these layer silicates is characteristic of the structure, in particular, to the local octahedral cation occupancy. Fluoride ions bonded to three Mg octahedral cations have a chemical shift of about -177 ppm and those bonded to two Al cations and a vacancy have a chemical shift of about -134 parts per million (ppm). The shift at -182.8 ppm in hectorite is apparently associated with fluoride bonded to two Al cations and a Li cation. Surprisingly, the difference in chemical shift of the interlayer and inner fluoride in 1:1 layer silicates is insufficient to distinguish these sites. Based on trends in chemical shift, it appears that fluoride substitution for inner hydroxyls in clays with octahedral substitution is not random. Fluoride is apparently preferentially associated with Mg rather than Al in the octahedral sheet as no resonance due to a fluoride bonded to two Al cations and a vacancy is observed in days such as SAz-1. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Labouriau, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 6 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430606 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA UE433 UT WOS:A1995UE43300006 ER PT J AU Santer, BD Taylor, KE Wigley, TML Penner, JE Jones, PD Cubasch, U AF Santer, BD Taylor, KE Wigley, TML Penner, JE Jones, PD Cubasch, U TI Towards the detection and attribution of an anthropogenic effect on climate SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GREENHOUSE GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2; EMISSIONS; SULFATE; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY; VARIABILITY; AEROSOLS AB It has been hypothesized recently that regional-scale cooling caused by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols may be partially obscuring a warming signal associated with changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. Here we use results from model experiments in which sulfate and carbon dioxide have been varied individually and in combination in order to test this hypothesis. We use centered [R(t)] and uncentered [C(t)] pattern similarity statistics to compare observed time-evolving surface temperature change patterns with the model-predicted equilibrium signal patterns. We show that in most cases, the C(t) statistic reduces to a measure of observed global-mean temperature changes, and is of limited use in attributing observed climate changes to a specific causal mechanism. We therefore focus on R(t), which is a more useful statistic for discriminating between forcing mechanisms with different pattern signatures but similar rates of global mean change. Our results indicate that over the last 50 years, the summer (JJA) and fall (SON) observed patterns of near-surface temperature change show increasing similarity to the model-simulated response to combined sulfate aerosol/CO2 forcing. At least some of this increasing spatial congruence occurs in areas where the real world has cooled. To assess the significance of the most recent trends in R(t) and C(t), we use data from multi-century control integrations performed with two different coupled atmosphere-ocean models, which provide information on the statistical behavior of 'unforced' trends in the pattern correlation statistics. For the combined sulfate aerosol/CO2 experiment, the 50-year R (t) trends for the JJA and SON signals are highly significant. Results are robust in that they do not depend on the choice of control run used to estimate natural variability noise properties. The R(t) trends for the CO2-only signal are not significant in any season. C(r) trends for signals from both the CO2-only and combined forcing experiments are highly significant in all seasons and for all trend lengths (except for trends over the last 10 years), indicating large global-mean changes relative to the two natural variability estimates used here. The caveats regarding the signals and natural variability noise which form the basis of this study are numerous. Nevertheless, we have provided first evidence that both the largest-scale (global-mean) and smaller-scale (spatial anomalies about the global mean) components of a combined CO2/anthropogenic sulfate aerosol signal are identifiable in the observed near-surface air temperature data. If the coupled-model noise estimates used here are realistic, we can be highly confident that the anthropogenic signal that we have identified is distinctly different from internally generated natural variability noise. The fact that we have been able to detect the detailed spatial signature in response to combined CO2 and sulfate aerosol forcing, but not in response to CO2 forcing alone, suggests that some of the regional-scale background noise (against which we were trying to detect a CO2-only signal) is in fact part of the signal of a sulfate aerosol effect on climate. The large effect of sulfate aerosols found in this study demonstrates the importance of their inclusion in experiments designed to simulate past and future climate change. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV GLOBAL CLIMATE RES, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV E ANGLIA, CLIMAT RES UNIT, NORWICH NR4 7TJ, NORFOLK, ENGLAND. DEUTSCH KLIMARECHENZENTRUM, D-20146 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RP Santer, BD (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; NR 75 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 12 IS 2 BP 77 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF00223722 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TL349 UT WOS:A1995TL34900001 ER PT J AU Tanner, MM Tirkkonen, M Kallioniemi, A Holli, K Collins, C Kowbel, D Gray, JW Kallioniemi, OP Isola, J AF Tanner, MM Tirkkonen, M Kallioniemi, A Holli, K Collins, C Kowbel, D Gray, JW Kallioniemi, OP Isola, J TI Amplification of chromosomal region 20q13 in invasive breast cancer: Prognostic implications SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ERBB2 AMPLIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; CARCINOMA; ONCOGENE AB Amplification of the chromosome 20q13 region was recently discovered in breast cancer by comparative genomic hybridization and subsequently further defined by fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific probes. The target gene of the amplification remains unknown, Here, fluorescence in situ hybridization with a cosmid probe for the minimal region of amplification (RMC20C001) was used to study 20q13 amplification in 132 primary breast carcinomas and 11 metastases, The size of the amplicon was studied with four flanking probes, Thirty-eight (29%) primary tumors and 3 (27%) metastases showed increased copy number of the RMC20C001 probe (> 1.5-fold relative to the p-arm control), Nine (6.8%) of the primary tumors were highly (> 3-fold) amplified, Although the size and location of the amplified region varied from one tumor to another, only the RMC20C001 probe was consistently amplified, 20q13 amplification was significantly associated with a high histological grade (P = 0.01), DNA aneuploidy (P = 0.01), and high S-phase fraction (P = 0.0085). High-level amplification was also associated with short disease-free survival of patients with node-negative breast cancer (P = 0.002), We conclude that high-level 20q13 amplification may be an indicator of poor clinical outcome in node-negative breast cancer and that this chromosomal region is likely to contain a gene with an important role in breast cancer progression, A large definitive study is warranted to assess the independent prognostic value of 20q13 amplification. C1 INST MED TECHNOL,SF-33521 TAMPERE,FINLAND. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DIV MOLEC CYTOMETRY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP Tanner, MM (reprint author), TAMPERE UNIV HOSP,CANC GENET LAB,POB 2000,SF-33521 TAMPERE,FINLAND. RI Kallioniemi, Olli/H-5111-2011; Kallioniemi, Olli/H-4738-2012 OI Kallioniemi, Olli/0000-0002-3231-0332; Kallioniemi, Olli/0000-0002-3231-0332 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA58207] NR 22 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 12 BP 1455 EP 1461 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA TL020 UT WOS:A1995TL02000003 PM 9815944 ER PT J AU LAIRD, G KENNEDY, TC AF LAIRD, G KENNEDY, TC TI POISSONS RATIO AND THE INTERFACIAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS SO COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE POISSONS RATIO; INTERFACIAL BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AND ABRASION RESISTANT COMPOSITES ID FAILURE; GLASS AB Composite materials have Poisson's ratios that can range from 0.2 for ceramics to as high as 0.49 for pure elastomers. In this work, Poisson's ratio is shown to influence the magnitude and the location of deleterious stress concentrations that arise along a frictionless interface around a cylindrical reinforcement (i.e. fibre-reinforced materials). Due to the non-linear nature of this problem, finite element models were developed for composites having 5, 25 and 50 vol% of fibres. Both compressive and tensile transverse loading were applied to the simulated composite systems. This particular mode of loading was considered due to the often low fracture strength of many composites in the transverse direction. The US Bureau of Mines is studying such problems to enable the design of new impact and abrasion resistant composite materials. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LAIRD, G (reprint author), US BUR MINES,ALBANY RES CTR,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0010-4361 J9 COMPOSITES JI Composites PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 12 BP 887 EP 889 DI 10.1016/0010-4361(95)90882-Z PG 3 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA TC728 UT WOS:A1995TC72800009 ER PT J AU Swegle, JW Attaway, SW AF Swegle, JW Attaway, SW TI On the feasibility of using smoothed particle Hydrodynamics for underwater explosion calculations SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SPH AB SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) is a gridless Lagrangian technique which is appealing as a possible alternative to numerical techniques currently used to analyze high deformation impulsive loading events. In the present study, the SPH algorithm has been subjected to detailed testing and analysis to determine the feasibility of using PRONTO/SPH for the analysis of various types of underwater explosion problems involving fluid-structure and shock-structure interactions. Of particular interest are effects of bubble formation and collapse and the permanent deformation of thin walled structures due to these loadings. These are exceptionally difficult problems to model. Past attempts with various types of codes have not been satisfactory. Coupling SPH into the finite element code PRONTO represents a new approach to the problem. Results show that the method is well-suited for transmission of loads from underwater explosions to nearby structures, but the calculation of late time effects due to acceleration of gravity and bubble buoyancy will require additional development, and possibly coupling with implicit or incompressible methods. RP Swegle, JW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, DEPT MAT & STRUCT MECH, POB 5800, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3 BP 151 EP 168 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA TN641 UT WOS:A1995TN64100001 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, D JOHNSTON, W NIP, W AF ROBERTSON, D JOHNSTON, W NIP, W TI VIRTUAL FROG DISSECTION - INTERACTIVE 3D GRAPHICS VIA THE WEB SO COMPUTER NETWORKS AND ISDN SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International World-Wide Web Conference - Mosaic and the Web CY OCT 17-20, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL DE WWW; SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION; K-12 EDUCATION; BIOLOGY; DISSECTION AB We have developed a set of techniques for providing interactive 3D graphics via the World Wide Web (WWW) as part of the ''Whole Frog'' project (1). We had three goals: 1. to provide K-12 biology students with the ability to explore the anatomy of a frog with a virtual dissection tool; 2. to show the feasibility of interactive visualization over the Web; and 3. to show the possibility for the Web and its associated browsers to be an easily used and powerful front end for high-performance computing resources. We have developed techniques to utilize the Common Gateway Interface (2) (CGI) capability of WWW servers to provide an interactive 3D visualization front end through Web clients. These techniques have been used to make a ''Virtual Frog Dissection Kit'' (3). A student using this kit has the ability to view various parts of a frog from many different angles, and with the different anatomical structures visible or invisible. For example, the student can press ''form'' buttons that indicate that he or she wants to view the frog from above, with the exterior and skeleton removed. An advantage to this technique, as opposed to dissecting a real frog, is that undissection is as easy as dissection. The kit has a forms (4)-based interface. Form submission results in a call to a CGI script, which in turn contacts a continuously running process on a more powerful machine to accomplish the graphics rendering of a large 3D data set representing the frog and its internal organs. The resulting image is converted to Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) encoding. When that process completes generation of the image, it passes the location of the image file and control back to the script which rewrites the image on the client. While this might sound awkward, the overall process is quite similar to how all rendering systems work, with the image being written into a local frame buffer, or sent across the network as an X-window image. RP ROBERTSON, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,IMAGING & DISTRIBUTED COMP GRP,BERKELEY,CA, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7552 J9 COMPUT NETWORKS ISDN JI Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/0169-7552(95)00117-6 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA TK326 UT WOS:A1995TK32600017 ER PT J AU Burke, VJ Gibbons, JW AF Burke, VJ Gibbons, JW TI Terrestrial buffer zones and wetland conservation: A case study of freshwater turtles in a Carolina bay SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Because freshwater wetlands often support diverse and unique species assemblages, wetland loss is a primary concern in biological conservation U.S. federal statutes protect many wetlands by deterring development within delineated borders that segregate wetland habitats from upland regions. In addition, some state and local jurisdictions mandate buffer zones that afford varying levels of protection to upland habitats adjacent to wetlands. We used geographic information system analysis to test the adequacy of federal and state wetland protection statutes by determining the degree to which protected acreage encompassed the habitats freshwater turtles needed to complete their life cycles. Two critical life-cycle stages, nesting and terrestrial hibernation, occurred exclusively beyond wetland boundaries delineated under federal guidelines. The most stringent state buffer zone insulated 44% of nest and hibernation sites. Our data indicate that the freshwater turtles examined in this study required a 275-m upland buffer zone to protect 100% of the nest and hibernation sites. Insulating 90% of the sites required a 73-m buffer zone. We suggest that the habitat needs of freshwater turtles demonstrate the dependence of wetland biodiversity on the preservation of adequate amounts of upland habitats adjacent to wetlands. RP Burke, VJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA, SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB, DRAWER E, AIKEN, SC 29802 USA. NR 20 TC 108 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061365.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL672 UT WOS:A1995TL67200006 ER PT J AU VanGelder, RN Bae, H Palazzolo, MJ Krasnow, MA AF VanGelder, RN Bae, H Palazzolo, MJ Krasnow, MA TI Extent and character of circadian gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster: Identification of twenty oscillating mRNAs in the fly head SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; FUSION-PROTEIN; VISUAL-SYSTEM; DARK CYCLES; CDNA CLONES; CLOCK; PERIOD; LIGHT; MUTANTS; DEHYDROGENASE AB Background: Although mRNAs expressed with a circadian rhythm have been isolated from many species, the extent and character of circadianly regulated gene expression is unknown for any animal. In Drosophila melanogaster, only the period (per) gene, an essential component of the circadian pacemaker, is known to show rhythmic mRNA expression Recent work suggests that the encoded Per protein controls its own transcription by an autoregulatory feedback loop. Per might also control the rhythmic expression of other genes to generate circadian behavior and physiology. The goals of this work were to evaluate the extent and character of circadian control of gene expression in Drosophila, and to identify genes dependent on per for circadian expression. Results: A large collection of anonymous. independent cDNA clones was used to screen for transcripts that are rhythmically expressed in the fly head. 20 of the 261 clones tested detected mRNAs with a greater than two-fold daily change in abundance. Three mRNAs were maximally expressed in the morning, whereas 17 mRNAs were most abundant in the evening - when per mRNA is also maximally expressed (but when the flies are inactive). Further analysis of the three 'morning' cDNAs showed that each has a unique dependence on the presence of a light-dark cycle, on timed feeding, and on the Function of the per gene for its oscillation. These dependencies were different from those determined for per and for a novel 'evening' gene. Sequence analysis indicated that all but one of the 20 cDNAs identified previously uncloned genes. Conclusions: Diurnal control of gene expression is a significant but limited phenomenon in the fly head, which involves many uncharacterized genes. Diurnal control is mediated by multiple endogenous and exogenous mechanisms, even at the level of individual genes. A subset of circadianly expressed genes are predominantly or exclusively dependent on per for their rhythmic expression. The per gene can therefore influence the expression of genes other than itself, but for many rhythmically expressed genes, per functions in conjunction with external inputs to control their daily expression patterns. C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,BASIC SLEEP RES LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABS,HUMAN GENOME PROJECT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. OI Van Gelder, Russell/0000-0001-5368-3659 NR 50 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1424 EP 1436 DI 10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00280-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TL102 UT WOS:A1995TL10200020 PM 8749395 ER PT J AU DEKA, C CRAM, LS HABBERSETT, R MARTIN, JC SKLAR, LA STEINKAMP, JA AF DEKA, C CRAM, LS HABBERSETT, R MARTIN, JC SKLAR, LA STEINKAMP, JA TI SIMULTANEOUS DUAL-FREQUENCY PHASE-SENSITIVE FLOW CYTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF HETEROGENEOUS FLUORESCENCE DECAYS IN FLUOROCHROME-LABELED CELLS AND PARTICLES SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE FLUORESCENCE DECAY; FREQUENCY DOMAIN; LIFETIME; MODULATION FREQUENCY; PHASE SENSITIVE; PHASE SHIFT; PHASE LIFETIME; PULSED EXCITATION; SIMULTANEOUS; TIME DOMAIN ID SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; LIFETIMES; SIGNALS; SINGLE AB In frequency-domain lifetime spectroscopy, the apparent fluorescence lifetimes obtained from phase-shift measurements are independent of modulation frequency only in the special case of a single exponential fluorescence decay. For heterogeneous fluorescence decay, the apparent fluorescence lifetimes measured by the phase-shift methods are functions of the modulation frequency. This modulation-frequency dependent property of apparent fluorescence lifetimes may be used to identify heterogeneous fluorescence decays by measuring Lifetimes at multiple frequencies. in this article we explore the requirements and experimental design considerations for making such measurements in flow, We report a phase-sensitive now cytometric method that allows one to probe the excited state-lifetimes of labeled cells by using multiple simultaneous modulation frequencies, Application of this method is demonstrated by measuring fluorescence Lifetimes of labeled cells at two frequencies simultaneously, using a continuous-wave, dual-frequency modulated excitation in now, The dual-frequency method presented herein can be used to rapidly identify heterogeneity in the fluorescence decay on a cell-by-cell basis in real time, Information on the nature of the fluorescence decay is important in biological measurements because it can provide insight into intermolecular interactions at the subcellular level. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP DEKA, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GRP LS-1,MS M888,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01315, R01-RR07855] NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 21 IS 4 BP 318 EP 328 DI 10.1002/cyto.990210403 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA TH185 UT WOS:A1995TH18500002 PM 8608729 ER PT J AU ANDERS, RM AF ANDERS, RM TI LIFE UNDER A CLOUD - AMERICAN ANXIETY ABOUT THE ATOM - WINKLER,AM SO DIPLOMATIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP ANDERS, RM (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0145-2096 J9 DIPLOMATIC HIST JI Dipl. Hist. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC History SC History GA QP067 UT WOS:A1995QP06700018 ER PT J AU BERN, M MITCHELL, S RUPPERT, J AF BERN, M MITCHELL, S RUPPERT, J TI LINEAR-SIZE NONOBTUSE TRIANGULATION OF POLYGONS SO DISCRETE & COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry CY JUN, 1994 CL STONY BROOK, NY ID VORONOI AB We give an algorithm for triangulating n-vertex polygonal regions (with holes) so that no angle in the final triangulation measures more than pi/2. The number of triangles in the triangulation is only O(n), improving a previous bound of O(n(2)), and the running time is O(n log(2) n). The basic technique used in the algorithm, recursive subdivision by disks, is new and may have wider application in mesh generation. We also report on an implementation of our algorithm. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT APPL & NUMER MATH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. RP BERN, M (reprint author), XEROX CORP,PALO ALTO RES CTR,3333 COYOTE HILL RD,PALO ALTO,CA 94304, USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5376 J9 DISCRETE COMPUT GEOM JI Discret. Comput. Geom. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 411 EP 428 DI 10.1007/BF02570715 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA TA283 UT WOS:A1995TA28300004 ER PT J AU Xu, GH Stevens, DK Bull, RJ AF Xu, GH Stevens, DK Bull, RJ TI Metabolism of bromodichloroacetate in B6C3F1 mice SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; BY-PRODUCTS; HEPATOCARCINOGENICITY; TRICHLOROACETATE; INDUCTION; MOUSE; LIVER; RATS AB Trichloroacetate (TCA), dichloroacetate (DCA), and bromodichloroacetate (BDCA) are byproducts of the chlorination of drinking water. TCA acts primarily as a peroxisome proliferator, but DCA produces tumors at doses less than required for peroxisome proliferation, BDCA does not induce peroxisome proliferation even at high doses, This study attempts to determine whether differences in the metabolism of the trihaloacetates (THAs) may contribute to their differing toxicological properties. Studies were performed in male B6C3F1 mice given [C-14(1,2)]TCA, [C-14(1)]BDCA, and [C-14(1,2)]DCA by gavage. The replacement of a CI by a Br greatly enhances THA metabolism, Much less radiolabel from BDCA is retained in the carcass after 24 hr than from TCA, Radiolabel from BDCA is largely found in the urine, with oxalate being the major metabolite, TCA is largely eliminated unchanged in the urine, There are dose-related changes in the rate of CO2 production from BDCA, The initial rate of CO2 production is reduced from 4.1 +/- 0.3 hr(-1) at 5 and 20 mg/kg to 2.7 +/- 0.6 hr(-1) at 100 mg/kg, but the net conversion to CO2 in 24 hr is greater at the highest dose. As would be predicted, substitution Br for CI on TCA greatly increased its metabolism. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, DIV HLTH, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PHARMACOL TOXICOL GRAD PROGRAM, SEATTLE, WA USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1412 EP 1416 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TL485 UT WOS:A1995TL48500017 PM 8689953 ER PT J AU Kersting, AB Arculus, RJ AF Kersting, AB Arculus, RJ TI Pb isotope composition of Klyuchevskoy volcano, Kamchatka and North Pacific sediments: Implications for magma genesis and crustal recycling in the Kamchatkan arc SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; ISLAND-ARC; TRACE-ELEMENT; SUBDUCTION ZONES; LESSER ANTILLES; WESTERN PACIFIC; RIDGE BASALT; SR ISOTOPES; MANTLE; ROCKS AB Pb isotope data are used to constrain the chemical contribution of the subducted components in the recycling beneath Klyuchevskoy volcano, the most active volcano in the Kamchatkan are. The Pb isotope ratios of Klyuchevskoy basalts (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.26-18.30, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.45-15.48, Pb-208/Pb-204 = 37.83-37.91) define a narrow range that falls within the Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) field and are among the least radiogenic island are basalts measured to date. These data are similar to data from three other Quaternary Kamchatkan volcanoes: Tolbachik, Kumroch-Shish, and Mary Semiachik. In contrast, North Pacific sediments (primarily siliceous oozes) collected parallel to the Kamchatkan trench during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 145, have Pb isotope ratios (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.51-18.78, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.56-15.64 Pb-208/Pb-204 = 38.49-38.75) that are more radiogenic than either the Klyuchevskoy basalts or Pacific MORB. Incorporation of even a small amount of sediment in the source of the Klyuchevskoy magmas would shift the Pb isotope ratios of the erupted basalts from the MORB field to more radiogenic values. The absence of Be-10 and elevated Pb isotope ratios in the Kamchatkan volcanic lavas, despite the presence of distinctively radiogenic Pb in the North Pacific sediments makes it unlikely that sediments or sediment-derived fluids are involved in the source magmas beneath Kamchatka. The Kamchatkan are thus represents an ''end-member'' whereby little or no sediment is involved in terms of elemental recycling and are magma genesis. The major and trace elements, Pb, Sr and Nd isotope data of the Kamchatkan basalts are most consistently explained if derived from a fluid-fluxed, peridotitic mantle wedge source, wherein the fluid composition is dominantly controlled by dehydration of altered oceanic crust, imparting a radiogenic Sr-87/Sr-86 and MORB-like Pb isotope signature to the mantle source. The erupted Klyuchevskoy lavas preserve a slab signature derived from incompatible elements that are strongly partitioned into the fluid. The 30 km of are crust through which the Klyuchevskoy magmas traverse prior to eruption is not composed of older crust, but must be juvenile, similar in isotopic composition to MORB. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,DEPT GEOL,CANBERRA,ACT 0200,AUSTRALIA. RP Kersting, AB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,L-202,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 75 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00196-J PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TR076 UT WOS:A1995TR07600005 ER PT J AU Masarik, J Reedy, RC AF Masarik, J Reedy, RC TI Terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclide production systematics calculated from numerical simulations SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR PROTON EVENTS; PRODUCTION-RATES; COSMIC-RAYS; INSITU; EXPOSURE; AL-26; BE-10; ROCKS; ATMOSPHERE; ISOTOPES AB Calculations for the production of cosmogenic nuclides in the Earth's atmospheric and in-situ in the surface are reported and discussed. We calculated production rates of H-3, Be-7, Be-10, C-14, and Cl-36 in the atmosphere by both galactic cosmic rays and solar protons, and our calculated production rates for C-14 agree well with previous results. Production of atmospheric Be-7 and Cl-36 by solar protons in polar regions is not negligible. Our production rates and depth dependences for in-situ He-3, Be-10, C-14, Ne-21, Al-26, and Cl-36 agree well with experimental measurements for certain minerals in surface samples. The altitude dependence of in-situ production rates was also calculated. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ASTROPHYS & RADIAT MEASUREMENTS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 47 TC 197 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 136 IS 3-4 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00169-D PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TR076 UT WOS:A1995TR07600021 ER PT J AU WITH, KA CRIST, TO AF WITH, KA CRIST, TO TI CRITICAL THRESHOLDS IN SPECIES RESPONSES TO LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL THRESHOLDS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; NEUTRAL MODELS; PERCOLATION THEORY; POPULATION DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION MODELING ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; ENVIRONMENTS; PATTERNS; ACRIDIDAE; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; SINKS AB Critical thresholds are transition ranges across which small changes in spatial pattern produce abrupt shifts in ecological responses. Habitat fragmentation provides a familiar example of a critical threshold. As the landscape becomes dissected into smaller parcels of habitat, landscape connectivity-the functional linkage among habitat patches-may suddenly become disrupted, which may have important consequences for the distribution and persistence of populations. Landscape connectivity depends not only on the abundance and spatial patterning of habitat, but also on the habitat specificity and dispersal abilities of species. Habitat specialists with limited dispersal capabilities presumably have a much lower threshold to habitat fragmentation than highly vagile species, which may perceive the landscape as functionally connected across a greater range of fragmentation severity. To determine where threshold effects in species' responses to landscape structure are likely to occur, we developed a simulation model modified from percolation theory. Our simulations predicted the distributional patterns of populations in different landscape mosaics? which we tested empirically using two grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) that occur in the shortgrass prairie of north-central Colorado. Increasing degree of habitat specialization and dispersal range of a species enhanced the level of aggregation-the degree of clumping exhibited by the population-in our simulations. The landscape threshold at which populations became aggregated was affected by dispersal range for habitat generalists, but not for habitat specialists. Habitat specialists exhibited aggregated populations when preferred habitat occupied <40% of the landscape. Habitat generalists with good dispersal abilities occurred as aggregated populations when <35% of the landscape contained suitable habitat; habitat generalists with limited dispersal only formed patchy distributions when the preferred habitat was a minor (20%) proportion of the habitat. In field tests, a large species of grasshopper (Xanthippus corallipes Haldeman) exhibited reduced rates of travel in two microhabitats that together comprised 35% of a grassland mosaic; a smaller species (Psoloessa delicatula Scudder) had the highest residence time in a rare microhabitat that occurred in only 8% of the landscape. On the basis of our simulation results, we predicted that the large species would be patchily distributed because the abundance of its associated habitat is at the critical threshold. The small species should be unable to aggregate, given the rarity of habitat for which it has an affinity, and thus should be randomly distributed across the landscape. The distribution of these two species in this grassland mosaic matched the predictions from our simulations. By providing quantitative predictions of threshold effects, this modelling approach may prove useful in the formulation of conservation strategies and assessment of land-use changes on species' distributional patterns and persistence. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. RI With, Kimberly/J-5124-2014 OI With, Kimberly/0000-0001-5570-1515 NR 48 TC 451 Z9 473 U1 17 U2 159 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1995 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2446 EP 2459 DI 10.2307/2265819 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TJ312 UT WOS:A1995TJ31200008 ER PT J AU BRUCKNERLEA, C KIMMEL, RJ JANATA, J CONROY, JFT CALDWELL, K AF BRUCKNERLEA, C KIMMEL, RJ JANATA, J CONROY, JFT CALDWELL, K TI ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF OCTADECANETHIOL AND OCTANETHIOL FILMS ON VARIABLE SURFACE-AREA MERCURY SESSILE DROPS SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ALKANETHIOL; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; MERCURY; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE ID ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; ALKYL MERCAPTANS; GOLD ELECTRODES; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; INTERFACE; DENSITY; LAYERS AB Octadecanethiol (ODT) and octanethiol (OT) films at the mercury-electrolyte interface are examined using cyclic voltammetry and differential capacitance measurements at a single frequency. A mercury flow-system is used to alter the volume, and therefore, the surface area and surface pressure of the mercury electrode. Manipulation of the mercury electrode's volume enables the introduction and removal of defects in the insulating thiol films. OT and ODT film behavior are contrasted under conditions of expansion and contraction. ODT forms extremely impermeable layers that allow 1000 time less redox probe current than seen on uncoated drops. Expansion of the mercury electrode to increase the electrode surface area produces defects and pinholes in the thiol film. These defects are almost completely removed when the drop is compressed back to its initial surface area. OT also forms insulating films on mercury sessile drops, however these films contain more defects than ODT films. While expansion of an OT-coated mercury drop increases redox probe current, recompression of the drop does not return the film to its initial condition. Pinholes and defects in the OT and ODT films can also be produced by cycling to negative potentials, which produce abrupt stripping peaks. C1 UNIV UTAH, DEPT BIOENGN, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. RP BRUCKNERLEA, C (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 40 IS 18 BP 2897 EP 2904 DI 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00219-5 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA TC742 UT WOS:A1995TC74200008 ER PT J AU CONROY, JFT CALDWELL, K BRUCKNERLEA, C JANATA, J AF CONROY, JFT CALDWELL, K BRUCKNERLEA, C JANATA, J TI AN EXAMINATION OF SURFACE WAVING ON MERCURY FILM ELECTRODES USING SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; MERCURY FILM ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; PROBE MICROSCOPY; DNA; MOLECULES; GRAPHITE; VACUUM; AIR AB Mercury film electrodes (mfe) have been prepared on several substrates and examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Surface waving was found to be at least one order of magnitude smaller in amplitude than that observed on bulk mercury drops. A solid/liquid/gaseous interface was observed, as was the amplitude of surface waves under various imaging conditions. No resonance condition was observed in these systems. A simple system for exciting surface waves was developed, and used to investigate surface waving of mercury during exposure to various conditions. The source of these waves remains unknown. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV UTAH, DEPT BIOENGN, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 40 IS 18 BP 2927 EP 2934 DI 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00224-3 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA TC742 UT WOS:A1995TC74200013 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, P AF MCWHORTER, P TI COGS TURN FOR COMMERCIAL MICROMOTORS SO ELECTRONICS WORLD & WIRELESS WORLD LA English DT Note RP MCWHORTER, P (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS PUBLISHING LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON, SURREY, ENGLAND SM2 5AS SN 0959-8332 J9 ELECTRON WORLD WIREL JI Electron. World Wire. World PD DEC PY 1995 IS 1717 BP 1008 EP 1009 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA TH516 UT WOS:A1995TH51600009 ER PT J AU LEWIS, P AF LEWIS, P TI CHEMICAL WEAPON - OR JUST A BAD EGG SO ELECTRONICS WORLD & WIRELESS WORLD LA English DT Note RP LEWIS, P (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS PUBLISHING LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON, SURREY, ENGLAND SM2 5AS SN 0959-8332 J9 ELECTRON WORLD WIREL JI Electron. World Wire. World PD DEC PY 1995 IS 1717 BP 1009 EP 1009 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA TH516 UT WOS:A1995TH51600010 ER PT J AU VINE, EL KUSHLER, MG AF VINE, EL KUSHLER, MG TI THE RELIABILITY OF DSM IMPACT ESTIMATES SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Demand-side management (DSM) critics continue to question the reliability of DSM program savings and, therefore, the need for funding such programs. In this paper. we examine the issues underlying the discussion of reliability of DSM program savings (e.g., bias and precision) and compare the levels of precision of DSM impact estimates for three utilities. Overall, the precision results from all three companies appear quite similar and. for the most part, demonstrate reasonably good precision levels around DSM savings estimates. We conclude by recommending activities for program managers and evaluators to increase our understanding of the factors leading to DSM uncertainty and reduce the level of DSM uncertainty. C1 MICHIGAN PUBL SERV COMMISS,LANSING,MI 48909. RP VINE, EL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BLDG 90-4000,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1171 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00082-R PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA TF889 UT WOS:A1995TF88900001 ER PT J AU KIRBY, B HIRST, E VANCOEVERING, J AF KIRBY, B HIRST, E VANCOEVERING, J TI UNBUNDLING ELECTRIC GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION SERVICES SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Today's typical vertically integrated utility sells electricity and associated services as a bundled product. These ancillary services support and make possible the provision of the basic services of generating capacity, energy supply, and power delivery. These ancillary services include the following: management of generating units; reserve generating capacity to follow variations in customer loads, to provide capacity and energy when generating units or transmission lines suddenly fail, to maintain electric-system stability, and to provide local-area security; transmission-system monitoring and control; replacement of real power and energy losses; reactive-power management and voltage regulation; transmission reserves; repair and maintenance of the transmission network; metering, billing, and communications; and assurance of appropriate levels of power quality. RP KIRBY, B (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1191 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00060-T PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA TF889 UT WOS:A1995TF88900003 ER PT J AU BAXTER, LW AF BAXTER, LW TI NET LOST REVENUE ADJUSTMENT (NLRA) MECHANISMS FOR UTILITY DSM PROGRAMS SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB We examine the experiences that states and utilities are having with the NLRA approach. Contrary to concerns raised by some industry analysts, our results indicate the NLRA is a feasible approach to the lost-revenue disincentive. Seven of the 10 states we studied report no substantial problems with their approach. We observe several conditions linked to effective NLRA implementation and, for those states reporting problems, conditions linked to implementation difficulties. Finally, observed changes in utility-investment behavior occur after implementation of DSM rate reforms, which include deployment of NLRA mechanisms. We find that utilities in states with lost revenue recovery invest more than twice as much in DSM as do utilities in other states. RP BAXTER, LW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1215 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00069-S PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA TF889 UT WOS:A1995TF88900005 ER PT J AU ENGI, D ICERMAN, L AF ENGI, D ICERMAN, L TI IMPACTS OF ENERGY R-AND-D STRATEGIES OF OECD MEMBERS ON THE US SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB During the past 20 years, responses to the 1973 Arab oil embargo and the subsequent unprecedented world-oil price increases established by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries by oil-poor member countries of the OECD, such as France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and Sweden, have spawned formidable competitors in the global energy-technology marketplace for U.S. firms. Protection from the economic ramifications of high imported oil use and the recognition of the advantages of developing competitive technology exports provided a sustained motivation for many national governments to make substantial expenditures for the development of advanced energy technologies. These national strategies have produced competitive industrial capabilities in nuclear-reactor, combined-cycle power-plant, solar-photovoltaic, clean coal-combustion, biomass, and fuel-cell technologies that represent growth opportunities in industrialized countries as well as the developed world during the next several decades. This erosion of the relative U.S. competitive position in international energy-technology markets is likely to impact the U.S. balance of trade negatively in the future. C1 ICERMAN & ASSOCIATES,SANTA FE,NM 87505. SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT STRATEG TECHNOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1251 EP 1264 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00056-M PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA TF889 UT WOS:A1995TF88900009 ER PT J AU AKBARI, H AF AKBARI, H TI VALIDATION OF AN ALGORITHM TO DISAGGREGATE WHOLE-BUILDING HOURLY ELECTRICAL LOAD INTO END USES SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB We have developed an algorithm to disaggregate short-interval (hourly) whole-building electrical load into major end uses. Hourly load data, hourly load-temperature regression coefficients and simulation end-use results comprise the algorithm input. The algorithm produces hourly load profiles for air conditioning, lighting, fans and pumps, and miscellaneous loads. Measured data from two end-use metered buildings (an office and a retail store) have been used to validate the algorithm. For the retail store, the algorithm estimates of hourly end use compare remarkably well with the monitored end-use data (average error of less than 5% during daytime operation). For the office building, the algorithm gives a consistent bias of about 12 and 27% in overestimating the HVAC and lighting electric loads, respectively, at the expense of underestimating the miscellaneous load by 35%. Results may be attributed to the presence of inconsistencies between office audit information and measured end-use data. A three-fold difference between the auditor's estimate for miscellaneous energy use and the metered amount has been found. The validation, however, indicates great promise for application of the algorithm to whole-building load data for obtaining reliable end-use data. RP AKBARI, H (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,ENERGY ANAL PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1291 EP 1301 DI 10.1016/0360-5442(95)00033-D PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA TF889 UT WOS:A1995TF88900013 ER PT J AU Nataf, JM AF Nataf, JM TI A direct translator from neutral model format to the SPARK simulation environment SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE SPARK; neutral model format; direct translator AB The neutral model format (NMF) provides generic, machine-readable descriptions of equation-based component models of a physical system in a building description. It is intended to allow model interchange between different simulation environments. The simulation problem analysis and research kernel (SPARK) is a simulation environment that generates source and executable code for solving non-linear differential-algebraic equation systems. It is intended to automate the generation of modular, easy to maintain simulation programs. The goal is to generate simulation code automatically from NMF models transparently to the user. A translator achieving this goal is described here, which transforms NMF syntax into SPARK syntax using LEX and YACC for parsing and numerical inversion techniques generating SPARK code. Thus the practicality of NMF as a common description language for building simulation is demonstrated for the case of a simulation environment developed independently from NMF. The purpose of this paper is to give an account of the experience of building a translator from a general model representation format (NMF) to a particular simulation environment. We first present the NMF format, then the SPARK building simulation environment, Then the Ist translator from NMF to SPARK via a computer algebra system is presented, along with examples. That translator being too circuitous, a newer and direct translator is then presented, along with practical examples. Thus are demonstrated the usefulness of the NMF concept and the methodology for building a translator from it to an independently developed simulation environment for building science. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,SIMULAT RES GRP ENERGY & ENVIRONM DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0378-7788(95)00938-8 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA TP931 UT WOS:A1995TP93100007 ER PT J AU Persons, WL Suski, GJ Johnson, GL AF Persons, WL Suski, GJ Johnson, GL TI The safety implications of emerging software paradigms SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st IFAC International Workshop on Safety, Reliability and Applications of Emerging Intelligent Control Technologies CY DEC, 1994 CL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SP IFAC DE artificial intelligence; knowledge-based systems; neural networks; genetic algorithms; fuzzy systems; safety-critical; software safety ID EXPERT AB This paper addresses some of the emerging software paradigms that may be used in developing safety-critical software applications. Paradigms considered in this paper include knowledge-based systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and fuzzy systems. It presents one view of the software verification and validation activities that should be associated with each paradigm. The paper begins with a discussion of the historical evolution of software verification and validation. Next, a comparison is made between the verification and validation processes used for conventional and emerging software systems. Several verification and validation issues for the emerging paradigms ave discussed, and some specific research topics are identified. RP Persons, WL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,FISS ENERGY & SYST SAFETY PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0952-1976 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 8 IS 6 BP 601 EP 613 DI 10.1016/0952-1976(95)00051-8 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA TT826 UT WOS:A1995TT82600002 ER PT J AU Brown, CE AF Brown, CE TI Role of environmental geology in US Department of Energy's advanced research and development programs to promote energy security in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy; fossil fuel; nuclear energy; renewable energy; environmental geology; mission AB The purpose of this report is to describe the research programs and program activities of the US Department of Energy (DOE) that most directly relate to topics in the field of environmental geology. In this light, the mission of the DOE and the definition of environmental geology will be discussed. In a broad sense, environmental geology is that branch of earth science that emphasizes the entire spectrum of human interactions with the physical environment that include environmental health, mineral exploration and exploitation, waste management, energy use and conservation, global change, environmental law, natural and man-made hazard assessment, and land-use planning. A large number of research, development, and demonstration programs are under DOE's administration and guidance that directly or indirectly relate to topics in environmental geology. The primary mission of the DOE is to contribute to the welfare of the nation by providing the scientific foundation, technology, policy, and institutional leadership necessary to achieve efficiency in energy use, diversity in energy sources, a more productive and competitive economy, improved environmental quality, and a secure national defense. The research and development funding effort has most recently been redirected toward greater utilization of clean fossil fuels, especially natural gas, weatherization, renewable energy, energy efficiency, fusion energy, and high-energy physics. This paper will summarize the role that environmental geology has played and will continue to play in the execution of DOE's mission and the energy options that DOE has investigated closely. The specific options are those that center around energy choices, such as alternative-fueled transportation, building technologies, energy-efficient lighting, and clean energy. RP Brown, CE (reprint author), US DOE,OFF FOSSIL ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 26 IS 4 BP 220 EP 231 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA TL315 UT WOS:A1995TL31500003 ER PT J AU WEST, OR SIEGRIST, RL JENKINS, RA AF WEST, OR SIEGRIST, RL JENKINS, RA TI MEASUREMENT ERROR AND SPATIAL VARIABILITY EFFECTS ON CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE ORGANICS IN THE SUBSURFACE - RESPONSE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SOILS RP WEST, OR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3067 EP 3069 DI 10.1021/es00012a027 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TJ354 UT WOS:A1995TJ35400043 PM 22148218 ER PT J AU BRYCE, AL KORNICKER, WA ELZERMAN, AW CLARK, SB AF BRYCE, AL KORNICKER, WA ELZERMAN, AW CLARK, SB TI NICKEL ADSORPTION TO HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF EDTA - EFFECTS OF COMPONENT ADDITION SEQUENCE - RESPONSE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; DISSOLUTION; PHOSPHATE; ACID C1 CLEMSON UNIV,LG RICH ENVIRONM RES LAB,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP BRYCE, AL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,PO DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3072 EP 3072 DI 10.1021/es00012a029 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TJ354 UT WOS:A1995TJ35400045 PM 22148220 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, TA WALTON, BT AF ANDERSON, TA WALTON, BT TI COMPARATIVE FATE OF [C-14] TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN THE ROOT-ZONE OF PLANTS FROM A FORMER SOLVENT DISPOSAL SITE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TRICHLOROETHYLENE; RHIZOSPHERE; DEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MINERALIZATION; RHIZOSPHERE; DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS; BIODEGRADATION; REMEDIATION; METABOLISM; SOILS AB A comparison of the environmental fate of [C-14]trichloroethylene ([C-14]TCE) in vegetated and nonvegetated soils from a contaminated field site indicated increased mineralization ((CO2)-C-14 production) in soils containing vegetation. Mineralization in soils containing Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont), Pinus taeda (L.), Solidago sp. (all collected from a former chlorinated solvent disposal site), and Glycine max, germinated from commercially available seeds, accounted for >26% of the total recovered radioactivity compared with approximately 15% for nonvegetated soil and <9% for control (sterile) soil. Uptake of C-14 into plant tissues ranged from 1 to 21% total for leaves (or needles), stems, and roots and appeared to be related to plant species and water use during the experiment. The higher mineralization rates for [C-14]TCE in the vegetated soils compared with nonvegetated soils indicates that the rhizosphere provides a favorable environment for microbial degradation of organic compounds. Therefore, vegetation may play an important role in enhancing biological remediation of contaminated surface soils in situ. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OFF ENVIRONM LIFE & SOCIAL SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP ANDERSON, TA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,PESTICIDE TOXICOL LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 26 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2041 EP 2047 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[2041:CFOCIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA TH135 UT WOS:A1995TH13500006 ER PT J AU SCHLEKAT, CE SCOTT, KJ SWARTZ, RC ALBRECHT, B ANTRIM, L DOE, K DOUGLAS, S FERRETTI, JA HANSEN, DJ MOORE, DW MUELLER, C TANG, A AF SCHLEKAT, CE SCOTT, KJ SWARTZ, RC ALBRECHT, B ANTRIM, L DOE, K DOUGLAS, S FERRETTI, JA HANSEN, DJ MOORE, DW MUELLER, C TANG, A TI INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON OF A 10-DAY SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST METHOD USING AMPELISCA-ABDITA, EOHAUSTORIUS-ESTUARIUS AND LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AMPELISCA ABDITA; EOHAUSTORIUS ESTUARIUS; LEPTOCHEIRUS PLUMULOSUS; INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; AMPHIPOD; CONTAMINATION AB Estuarine and marine amphipods have been chosen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use in standardized 10-d sediment toxicity tests. An interlaboratory comparison (round robin) was conducted to evaluate the precision of these methods. This comparison included three species, Ampelisca abdita, Eohaustorius estuarius, and Leptocheirus plumulosus. Each species was exposed for 10 d under static, nonrenewal conditions to four sediment treatments using standardized, species-specific test protocols by at least six independent facilities. Sediment treatments were selected for each species to include one negative control sediment and three contaminated sediments. Highly contaminated sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Connecticut, was diluted with species-specific, noncontaminated control sediment, creating test sediments that ranged in relative contamination from low to high. Laboratories showed strong, logical agreement in rank survival for all species, with control sediment consistently exhibiting the highest survival, and sediment with the greatest proportion of BRH consistently exhibiting the lowest survival. Although instances of considerable interlaboratory variability occurred, laboratories showed acceptable survival and variability in control sediments, significant agreement in ranking sediment toxicity, and agreement in the categorization of sediments as toxic or nontoxic for all three species. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,DIV ENVIRONM RES & DEV,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NEWPORT,OR 97365. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. BATTELLE MARINE SCI LAB,SEQUIM,WA 98382. AQUA SURVEY INC,FLEMINGTON,NJ 08822. US EPA,DIV ENVIRONM SCI LAB,EDISON,NJ 08837. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,ENVIRONM LAB,WES,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. EVS ENVIRONM CONSULTANTS,N VANCOUVER,BC V7P 2R4,CANADA. ENVIRONM CANADA,BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,DARTMOUTH,NS B2Y 4A2,CANADA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2163 EP 2174 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[2163:ICOADS]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA TH135 UT WOS:A1995TH13500021 ER PT J AU Laird, G Epstein, JS Kennedy, TC AF Laird, G Epstein, JS Kennedy, TC TI Micromechanics of a model heterogeneous material system under compressive loading SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE POROUS SOLIDS; STRESS STATES; FAILURE; INTERFACE; INCLUSION; CRACK; PROPAGATION; MECHANICS; FRACTURE; CONCRETE AB Compressive loading is often encountered in mining and mineral processes during the comminution of ore bearing minerals, or alternatively, in the wear-resistant materials used in the comminution circuit. A common thread joining many of the engineered materials used predominantly under compressive loading is the presence of a high modulus secondary phase, either fiber or particulate, embedded within a lower modulus matrix phase (i.e., a brittle heterogeneous material). To improve their toughness, an imperfect or a less-than-coherent interface is often strived for in the manufacture of many heterogeneous materials. To better understand the complex behavior of these materials, a model heterogeneous material system was developed by the U,S. Bureau of Mines and the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. In this work, moire interferometry was used to map the micromechanical displacements on the surface of the model system. Uniaxial and biaxial compressive loading was applied to a model system consisting of a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) plate having a precision ground steel rod as the cylindrical reinforcement. Moire patterns revealed that two dominant phenomena occur along the interface: (1) frictional slip/stick and (2) a form of semi-cohesive bonding or mechanical locking. These observations were subsequently confirmed by nonlinear finite-element simulations of the model heterogeneous system. Experimental and numerical results show that the imperfect interface plays an important role in the micromechanical behavior of these model systems. C1 LOCKHEED,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Laird, G (reprint author), US BUR MINES,ALBANY RES CTR,1450 QUEEN AVE AW,ALBANY,OR 97321, USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 35 IS 4 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1007/BF02317538 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA TM010 UT WOS:A1995TM01000002 ER PT J AU BEVELHIMER, MS AF BEVELHIMER, MS TI RECENT ADVANCES IN CONTAMINANT ASSESSMENT OFFER PROACTIVE ALTERNATIVES FOR MANAGING CONTAMINATED FISHERIES SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB For a variety of reasons, many fisheries managers seem reluctant to get involved in contaminant issues even though the effect on fisheries can be far-reaching. The involvement of fisheries managers in this process is critical, and recent advances in assessment techniques offer hope that a more active management of contaminated fisheries is possible. Managing contaminated systems is often limited to contaminant analysis of fish tissue (and sometimes water and sediment), community surveys, and posting of consumption advisories. New approaches using advanced statistical analyses, simulation modeling, and bioindicators of environmental stress offer additional tools that can be used to better understand the transport and fate of contaminants, to assess potential ecological injury, and to evaluate Proposed remedial actions. For these tools to be useful in management situations, managers and researchers will need to cooperate in both the development and use of these new techniques. RP BEVELHIMER, MS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 1995 VL 20 IS 12 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1995)020<0006:RAICAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA TH390 UT WOS:A1995TH39000002 ER PT J AU Bull, RJ Birnbaum, LS Cantor, KP Rose, JB Butterworth, BE Pegram, R Tuomisto, J AF Bull, RJ Birnbaum, LS Cantor, KP Rose, JB Butterworth, BE Pegram, R Tuomisto, J TI Water chlorination: Essential process or cancer hazard? SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; DRINKING-WATER; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; WASHINGTON COUNTY; RISK ASSESSMENT; BLADDER-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; BY-PRODUCTS; CARCINOGENICITY; MARYLAND AB Chlorine has been successfully used for the control of waterborne infectious disease for nearly a century. In the 1970s it was found that chlorine reacted with natural organic matter present in surface waters to produce disinfection by-products (DBP). Concern focused initially on the trihalomethanes (THM), but a wide variety of DBPs are now known to result from chlorination. Chlorination of drinking water has been one of the most effective public health measures ever undertaken. There are a number of alternatives to chlorination that are in active use in many parts of the world, but the risks associated with their by-products are even less well established than for chlorination. Moreover, the use of these alternatives vary in their effectiveness and some require greater sophistication in their application. This can mean less protection to public health as a result of inappropriate application and control. Therefore, hazards associated with the use of such a clearly beneficial process as chlorination must be carefully considered not only in an absolute sense, but also in the context of alternative approaches for producing a safe drinking water. The key question is whether the hazards associated with by-products have been sufficiently well established to warrant regulations that will undoubtedly have both positive and negative impacts on the public health. This symposium examined the toxicological and epidemiological data on chemical hazards associated with chlorination and attempted to measure this hazard against competing microbial risks, The first presentation discussed the available analytical epidemiological studies, A second presentation dealt with the importance of chlorination to the prevention of waterborne infectious disease, Pharmacokinetic, mechanistic, and modeling information on the prototypical DBP, chloroform, were discussed and contrasted with data on brominated THMs to determine if it was scientifically appropriate to regulate THMs as a single toxicological class. The fifth presentation dealt with the carcinogenic properties of a potent mutagen that is produced by chlorination. The final presentation discussed the haloacetates, carcinogenic DBPs whose concentrations approach and occasionally exceed those of the THMs. Clearly, there is a need to carefully weigh these different types and sometimes competing risks when considering the delivery of drinking water to ever-increasing populations for which there are finite sources of fresh water. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology C1 US EPA, HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NCI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV S FLORIDA, DEPT MARINE SCI, ST PETERSBURG, FL 33701 USA. CHEM IND INST TOXICOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. NATL PUBL HLTH INST, DIV ENVIRONM HLTH, KUOPIO, FINLAND. RP Bull, RJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT HLTH RISK ASSESSMENT, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 63 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1156 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TL885 UT WOS:A1995TL88500001 PM 8835225 ER PT J AU Freeman, GB Schoof, RA Ruby, MV Davis, AO Dill, JA Liao, SC Lapin, CA Bergstrom, PD AF Freeman, GB Schoof, RA Ruby, MV Davis, AO Dill, JA Liao, SC Lapin, CA Bergstrom, PD TI Bioavailability of arsenic in soil and house dust impacted by smelter activities following oral administration in cynomolgus monkeys SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; LEAD; EXCRETION; MONTANA; HAMSTER; HUMANS; BUTTE AB This study was conducted to determine the extent of arsenic (As) absorption from soil and house dust impacted by smelter activities near Anaconda, Montana. Female cynomolgus monkeys were given a single oral administration via gelatin capsules of soil (0.62 mg As/kg body wt) or house dust (0.26 mg As/kg body wt), or soluble sodium arsenate by the gavage or intravenous route of administration (0.62 mg As/kg body wt) in a crossover design with a minimum washout period of 14 days. Urine, feces, and cage rinse were collected at 24-hr intervals for 168 hr. Blood was collected at specified time points and area under the curves (AUCs) was determined. Arsenic concentrations for the first 120 hr, representing elimination of greater than 94% of the total administered dose for the three oral treatment groups, were < 0.021 to 4.68 mu g/ml for the urine and < 0.24 to 31.1 mu g/g for the feces. In general, peak concentrations of As in the urine and feces were obtained during the collection intervals of 0-24 and 24-72 hr, respectively. The main pathway for excretion of As for the intravenous and gavage groups was in the urine, whereas for the soil and dust groups, it was in the feces. Mean absolute percentage bioavailability values based on urinary excretion data were 68, 19, and 14% for the gavage, house dust, and soil treatments, respectively, after normalization of the intravenous As recovery data to 100%. Corresponding absolute bioavailability values based on blood were 91, 10, and 11%. The bioavailability of soil and house dust As relative to soluble As (by gavage) was between 10 and 30%, depending upon whether urinary or blood values were used. These findings suggest that risks associated with the ingestion of As in soil or dust will be reduced compared to ingestion of comparable quantities of As in drinking water. (C) 1995 Society of Toxicology. C1 PTI ENVIRONM SERV, BELLEVUE, WA 98007 USA. PTI ENVIRONM SERV, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. GEOMEGA, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO, DENVER, CO 80202 USA. RP Freeman, GB (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST, 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA. NR 22 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1006/faat.1995.1162 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA TL885 UT WOS:A1995TL88500007 PM 8835231 ER PT J AU Foreman, LR AF Foreman, LR TI Untitled - Comments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Foreman, LR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1771 EP 1771 PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800002 ER PT J AU Wilemski, G Boone, T Cheung, L Nelson, D Cook, R AF Wilemski, G Boone, T Cheung, L Nelson, D Cook, R TI Prediction of phase separation during the drying of polymer shells SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYSTYRENE SHELLS; MODEL AB During the drying of polymer shells formed by microencapsulation, vacuole formation is believed to occur as a result of phase separation. To better understand and control this process, we have used a multicomponent diffusion formalism to predict compositional changes in the layer as organic solvents diffuse out and water diffuses into the layer. Formation of thermodynamically unstable compositions can lead to phase separation by condensation of water on submicron foreign particles present in the shell wall. We used statistical mechanics, the UNIFAP methodology, and empirical data to deduce the required values of transport coefficients and equilibrium phase compositions. The results suggest that vacuole formation can be eliminated or reduced by removing submicron and larger particles from the shell wall and by using solvents with lower intrinsic water solubilities. C1 SOANE TECHNOL INC,HAYWARD,CA 94545. RP Wilemski, G (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1780 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800003 ER PT J AU Akunets, AA Dorogotovtsev, VM Merkuliev, YA Startsev, SA Cook, R AF Akunets, AA Dorogotovtsev, VM Merkuliev, YA Startsev, SA Cook, R TI Production of hollow microspheres from solid plastic granules SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSION AB Plastic microshells with diameters of up to 1.5 mm have been produced at the Lebedev Physical Institute from solid polymer pellets using heated droptower techniques. We review here the basic processing techniques, outline our theoretical understanding of the process, and present detailed surface finish characterization of several shells. Based on limited data we find that the amplitudes of the surface finish modes are larger than those observed on the smaller (0.5 mm) solution droptower shells at the same mode number. However if the comparison is made at the same wavelength rather than mode number the shells show similar amplitude to the solution droptower shells. This result suggests that surface roughness at a given mode may scale with shell diameter. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Akunets, AA (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. RI Akunets, Alexander/M-9645-2015; Dorogotovtsev, Valeriy/N-3692-2015 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1781 EP 1786 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800004 ER PT J AU Letts, SA Fearon, EM Buckley, SR Saculla, MD Allison, LM Cook, R AF Letts, SA Fearon, EM Buckley, SR Saculla, MD Allison, LM Cook, R TI Fabrication of polymer shells using a depolymerizable mandrel SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYSTYRENE SHELLS; FUSION AB A new technique for producing hollow shell laser fusion fuel capsules has been developed that starts with a depolymerizable mandrel. In this technique we use poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (PAMS) beads or shells as mandrels which are overcoated with plasma polymer. The PAMS mandrel is thermally depolymerized to gas phase monomer, which diffuses through the permeable and thermally more stable plasma polymer coating, leaving a hollow shell. Using this technique we made shells from 200 mu m to 4 mm diameter with 15 to 100 mu m wall thickness having sphericity better than 0.5 mu m and surface finish better than 10 nm RMS. RP Letts, SA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 56 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1802 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800007 ER PT J AU Overturf, GE Cook, R Letts, SA Buckley, SR McClellan, MR SchroenCarey, D AF Overturf, GE Cook, R Letts, SA Buckley, SR McClellan, MR SchroenCarey, D TI Resorcinol/formaldehyde foam shell targets for ICF SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSION-TARGETS AB Resorcinol/formaldehyde (RIF) low-density foam making processes have been adapted to microencapsulation techniques. This has been done in an effort to make low density, low Z, transparent foam shells for use as cryogenic ICF targets. It was necessary to modify the normal R/F formulation and processing to accelerate the gelation time from tens of hours to less than one hour. Proper selection of the inner and outer oil phase solvents was critical for density matching and prevention of the dehydration of the gelling preform, respectively. C1 WJ SCHAFER ASSOCIATES INC, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP Overturf, GE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1803 EP 1808 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800008 ER PT J AU Salazar, MA Gobby, PL Foreman, LR Bush, H Gomez, VM Moore, JE Stone, GF AF Salazar, MA Gobby, PL Foreman, LR Bush, H Gomez, VM Moore, JE Stone, GF TI Gas-filled hohlraum fabrication SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) researchers have fabricated and fielded gas-filled hohlraums at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nova laser. Fill pressures of 1 - 5 atmospheres have been typical. We describe the production of the parts, their assembly and fielding. Emphasis is placed on the production of gas-tight polyimide windows and the fielding apparatus and procedure. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Salazar, MA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1815 EP 1819 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800010 ER PT J AU Stone, GF Rivers, GJ Spragge, MR Wallace, RJ AF Stone, GF Rivers, GJ Spragge, MR Wallace, RJ TI Fabrication and testing of gas filled targets for large scale plasma experiments on Nova SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An experimental campaign on the Nova laser was started in July 1993 to study one set of target conditions for the point design of the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The targets were specified to investigate the current NIF target conditions: a plasma of similar to 3 keV electron temperature and an electron density of similar to 1.0 x 10(21) cm(-3). A peas cell target design was chosen to confine a gas of similar to 0.01 cm(3) in volume at similar to 1 atm. This paper will describe the major steps and processes necessary in the fabrication, testing, and delivery of these targets for shots on the Nova Laser at LLNL. C1 WJ SCHAFER ASSOCIATES INC,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Stone, GF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,7000 EAST AVE,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1820 EP 1828 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800011 ER PT J AU Salzer, LJ Gomez, VM Moore, J Bartos, JJ Gobby, P Foreman, L AF Salzer, LJ Gomez, VM Moore, J Bartos, JJ Gobby, P Foreman, L TI Machining sub-millimeter beryllium and aluminum components of laser targets SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We show the development of tooling, miniature boring tools, and the machining steps required in the machining operations for sub-millimeter beryllium and aluminum components of laser targets. The targets were built for the Helen Laser at AWE, Aldermaston in the UK and were designed to measure the response of aluminum to the passage of mega-bar shock waves. RP Salzer, LJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MS E549,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1829 EP 1832 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800012 ER PT J AU Louis, H Demiris, A Budil, KS Miller, PL Peyser, TA Stry, PE Wojtowicz, DA Dimotakis, PE AF Louis, H Demiris, A Budil, KS Miller, PL Peyser, TA Stry, PE Wojtowicz, DA Dimotakis, PE TI Miniature targets for hydrodynamic instability experiments on Nova SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Millimeter-scale shock tubes with precision-machined submillimeter features have been developed for hydrodynamic instability experiments conducted on the Nova laser facility. We will describe two specific designs: a silica aerogel tracer disk and an aluminum-doped epoxy tracer strip, both embedded in the shock-tube target. These unique features facilitate radiographic imaging of key phenomena of interest. We describe in detail the construction and characterization of the miniature targets, including the fabrication and emplacement of the radiographic tracers. A sample of the experimental data is presented. C1 CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP Louis, H (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Miller, Paul/E-6880-2013 NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1837 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800013 ER PT J AU Mitchell, MA Gobby, P Elliott, N AF Mitchell, MA Gobby, P Elliott, N TI Low density doped foams for ICF long scale length plasma experiments SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets occasionally require the presence of diagnostic dopants to facilitate temperature measurements. To this end poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP or TPX) foams were produced with very low densities (3 to 5 mg/cc) and low levels of diagnostic dopants. The dopants added to the foams were titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), and manganese (MN). The transition metal doped foams were produced with metal loadings as high as 1 wt%, and densities between 3 and 5 mg/cc. The average foam densities were determined using beta-transmission, and the dopant amounts were determined using x-ray fluorescence. Procedures for doped foam production and measurements of the resulting foam characteristics will be presented. RP Mitchell, MA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAT SCI & TECHNOL POLYMERS & COATINGS GRP MST7,MS E549,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 2 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1844 EP 1848 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800015 ER PT J AU Brusasco, R Dittrich, T Cook, R AF Brusasco, R Dittrich, T Cook, R TI Feasibility of organo-beryllium target mandrels using organo-germanium pecvd as a surrogate SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FILMS; POLYMERIZATION AB Inertial Confinement Fusion capsule designs incorporating beryllium are becoming attractive for use in implosion experiments designed for modest energy gain. This paper explores the feasibility of chemical vapor deposition of organo-beryllium precursors to form coating materials of interest as ablators and fuel containers. Experiments were performed in a surrogate chemical system utilizing tetramethylgermane as the organometallic precursor. Coatings with up to 3.4 g cm(-3) germanium have been produced with germanium-to-carbon ratios of at least 1:1. These coatings compare favorably with polymer-like organo-germanium films previously reported in the literature and provide confidence that a similar deposition process with an organo-beryllium precursor would be successful. RP Brusasco, R (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 5508-L-482,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1854 EP 1858 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TK578 UT WOS:A1995TK57800017 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, LB MONTGOMERY, CS CACHEIRO, NLA JOHNSON, DK AF RUSSELL, LB MONTGOMERY, CS CACHEIRO, NLA JOHNSON, DK TI COMPLEMENTATION ANALYSES FOR 45 MUTATIONS ENCOMPASSING THE PINK-EYED DILUTION (P) LOCUS OF THE MOUSE SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALBINO-DELETION COMPLEX; LETHAL MUTATIONS; REGION; GENE; CHROMOSOME-7; RECEPTOR; ECTODERM; DEFINES; LIVER; MICE AB The homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes are described and characterized for 45 new pink-eyed dilution (p) locus mutations, most of them radiation-induced, that affect survival at various stages of mouse development. Cytogenetically detectable aberrations were found in three of the new p mutations (large deletion, inversion, translocation), with band 7C involved in each case. The complementation map developed from the study of 810 types of compound heterozygotes identifies five functional units: jls and jlm (two distinct juvenile-fitness functions, the latter associated with neuromuscular defects), pl-1 and pl-2 (associated with early-postimplantation and preimplantation death, respectively), and nl [neonatal lethality associated with cleft palate (the frequency of rare ''escapers'' from this defect varied with the genotype)]. Orientation of these units relative to genetic markers is as follows: centromere, Gas-2 pl-1,jls, jlm p, nl (equatable to cp1 = Gabrb3); pl-2 probably resides in the c-deletion complex. pl-1 does not mask preimplantation lethals between Gas2 and p; and no genes affecting survival are located between p and cp1. The alleles specifying mottling or darker pigment (generically, p(m) and p(x), respectively) probably do not represent deletions of p-coding sequences but could be small rearrangements involving proximal regulatory elements. RP RUSSELL, LB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,Y-12 BEAR CREEK RD,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1995 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1547 EP 1562 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TH419 UT WOS:A1995TH41900026 PM 8601493 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DK STUBBS, LJ CULIAT, CT MONTGOMERY, CS RUSSELL, LB RINCHIK, EM AF JOHNSON, DK STUBBS, LJ CULIAT, CT MONTGOMERY, CS RUSSELL, LB RINCHIK, EM TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF 36 MUTATIONS AT THE MOUSE PINK-EYED DILUTION (P) LOCUS SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ALBINO-DELETION COMPLEX; PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME; ANGELMAN SYNDROMES; LETHAL MUTATIONS; GROWTH ARREST; GENE; REGION; CHROMOSOME-7; LOCALIZATION; RECEPTOR AB Thirty-six radiation- or chemically induced homozygous-lethal mutations at the p locus in mouse chromosome 7 have been analyzed at 17 loci defined by molecular probes to determine the types of lesions, numbers of pre,aion markers deleted or rearranged, regions of overlap of deletion mutations, and genetic distances between loci. A linear deletion map of the [Myod1, Ldh3] - [Snrpn, Znf127] region has been constructed from the molecular analyses of the p-locus deletions. The utility of these deletions as tools for the isolation and characterization of the genes specifying the neurological, reproductive, and developmental phenotypes genetically mapped to this region will grow as more detailed molecular analyses continue. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP JOHNSON, DK (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV BIOL,POB 2009,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 53 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1995 VL 141 IS 4 BP 1563 EP 1571 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA TH419 UT WOS:A1995TH41900027 PM 8601494 ER PT J AU ZACHARA, JM SMITH, SC KUZEL, LS AF ZACHARA, JM SMITH, SC KUZEL, LS TI ADSORPTION AND DISSOCIATION OF CO-EDTA COMPLEXES IN IRON OXIDE-CONTAINING SUBSURFACE SANDS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID METAL HYDROUS OXIDES; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; CHELATING-AGENTS; SURFACE; SOILS; COORDINATION; GOETHITE; FE(III); ACID; EXTRACTION AB The sorption of Co(II)EDTA(2-) (where EDTA is ethylenediaminetetracetic acid) was investigated on goethite and on eight sand-textured Quaternary and Pliocene fluvial sediments. Dual-label tracer techniques were used to follow the distribution of Co-60(II)-C-14/EDTA added as the preformed 1:1, Co(II)EDTA(2-) complex. Sorption experiments were performed with fixed concentrations of Co(II)EDTA(2-) (10(-5) mol/L) and variable pH (all materials), and fixed pH (4.4) with variable Co(II)EDTA(2-) concentrations (two materials), using solids concentrations of 0.5 g/L for goethite and 500 g/L for the sediments and electrolyte concentrations of 0.003 and 0.03 (goethite only) mol/L Ca(ClO4)(2). Aqueous Fe-aq(3+) and Al-aq(3+) were measured at the time of the sorption determination. On goethite, Co(II)EDTA(2-) exhibited anion-like sorption, increasing with decreasing pH. Increasing electrolyte concentration decreased sorption, indicating a weak, ion-pair type surface complex. Below pH 6, however, the sorption chemistry of Co2+ and EDTA(4-) became complex and disparate as a result of Co(II)EDTA(2-)dissociation. Dissociation was driven by exchange with Fe-aq(3+). A nonelectrostatic surface complexation model that explicitly considered the Fe3+-Co(II)EDTA(2-) exchange reaction was able to adequately describe the sorption data using surface complexes with Co(II)EDTA(2-), FeEDTA(-), and Co2+. The subsurface sediments contained variable amounts of grain-coating iron and aluminum oxides and layer silicates and their substrate mineralogy was dominated by quartz and plagioclase with some mica. Iron oxides were a dominant grain-coating phase on over half the sorbents, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical extraction, and microscopic techniques documented the presence of poorly crystalline forms as well as goethite, hematite, and feroxyhite. Aluminum oxides were also present. The sorption behavior of Co(II)EDTA(2-) on the subsurface sediments was much weaker than, but analogous in behavior to, goethite on six of the sediments. The mineralogic complexity of the sediments prevented identification of the dominant sorbent, but iron and aluminum oxides were implicated. Complex dissociation occurred with decreasing pH below 6.5 in the sediments. Solution analysis coupled with modeling of aqueous speciation showed that the dissociation of Co(II)EDTA(2-) was promoted by Al3+ and Fe3+ that were liberated from the sediments. The dissociation, which was not complete, yielded a multicomponent mixture of Co2+ Co(II)EDTA(2-), AIEDTA(-), and FeEDTA(-). Each of these species sorbed to varying degrees. Complexation of Co2+ by EDTA(4-) gave rise to a net increase in retardation of Co2+ below pH 6.5 and a decrease above. Retardation coefficients for the intact complex and the extent of dissociation both increased as the initial concentration of Co(II)EDTA(2-) decreased. The coupled adsorption, dissolution, and dissociation process will cause complex distance-variant speciation and retardation behavior for Co(lI)EDTA(2-) in subsurface environments. C1 UNIV MONTANA, MISSOULA, MT 59801 USA. RP ZACHARA, JM (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, CTR EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 58 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 59 IS 23 BP 4825 EP 4844 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00340-1 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TJ546 UT WOS:A1995TJ54600004 ER PT J AU DRUFFEL, ERM GRIFFIN, S WITTER, A NELSON, E SOUTHON, J KASHGARIAN, M VOGEL, J AF DRUFFEL, ERM GRIFFIN, S WITTER, A NELSON, E SOUTHON, J KASHGARIAN, M VOGEL, J TI GERARDIA - BRISTLECONE-PINE OF THE DEEP-SEA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID ORGANIC-CARBON; RADIOCARBON; CORAL; FLORIDA; MATTER; RECORD; OCEAN; RINGS; C-14 AB We measured carbon isotope abundances in the layered, proteinaceous skeleton of a zoanthid Gerardia collected from 620 m depth off the Little Bahama Bank (27 degrees N, 79 degrees W). The Delta(14)C values de creased from -76 parts per thousand in the outer growth edge to an average of -267 parts per thousand in the center of three portions of the skeleton. These Delta(14)C data suggest an age for this living organism of 1800 +/- 300 years. The possibility that the large decrease in Delta(14)C reflects the gradual input of bomb C-14 over the entire growth of the organism is inconsistent with the post-bomb Delta(14)C values obtained for the most recent growth tips. If the age estimate of two millennia is comet, it may be the longest-lived animal yet observed in the ocean. Gerardia may serve as a long-lived recorder of ocean chemistry, similar to the Bristlecone pine tree that has served as a millennial-timescale recorder for atmospheric (CO2)-C-14 (Suess, 1980) and climate. In particular, there is potential for Gerardia to serve as a millennial-scale integrator of upper ocean particle flux, and possibly reveal past changes in the productivity of the surface ocean. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, FACIL ADV INSTRUMENTAT, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. SIMON FRASER UNIV, DEPT ARCHAEOL, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, CTR AMS RES, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT EARTH SYST SCI, IRVINE, CA 92717 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 23 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 59 IS 23 BP 5031 EP 5036 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00373-8 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TJ546 UT WOS:A1995TJ54600019 ER PT J AU Gnanapragasam, EK Lewis, BAG AF Gnanapragasam, EK Lewis, BAG TI Elastic strain energy and the distribution coefficient of radium in solid solutions with calcium salts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article AB Distribution coefficients for radium in heterogeneous equilibrium with gypsum and calcite were determined with solid solutions containing Ra in the mole fraction range 10(-10) to 10(-7) at 25 +/- 3 degrees C. The correlation approach of Langmuir and Riese for predicting empirical distribution coefficients is improved when a term for the elastic strain energy is included for the case in which the Ca atom is replaced by the larger Ra atom. A method is described in which distribution coefficients can be estimated and applied in geochemical equilibrium models to account for Ra incorporation into sulfates, carbonates, and halides when radium-containing wastes are chemically treated. It is suggested that the method may have application to radium-containing minerals, in general. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Gnanapragasam, EK (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Lewis, Barbara-Ann/B-7027-2009 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 59 IS 24 BP 5103 EP 5111 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00356-8 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TL898 UT WOS:A1995TL89800006 ER PT J AU Ellis, L Singh, RK Alexander, R Kagi, RI AF Ellis, L Singh, RK Alexander, R Kagi, RI TI Geosynthesis of organic compounds .3. Formation of alkyltoluenes and alkylxylenes in sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ALGA GLOEOCAPSOMORPHA-PRISCA; CRUDE OILS; TARRAGONA BASIN; ALKYLBENZENES; PETROLEUM; IDENTIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBONS; ORIGIN AB Heating ortho-undecyltoluene with an acidic clay catalyst and hexamethylbenzene as a methylating agent resulted in the formation of hydrocarbon mixtures containing undecyltoluenes and dimethylundecylbenzenes. At short heating times, methylation at ring positions 4 and 5 forming 2,4- and 2,5-dimethylundecylbenzene s occurred predominantly, while at longer heating times, methylation and isomerization/transalkylation reactions resulted in higher concentrations of more stable alkylxylene isomers. The distributions of undecyltoluenes and dimethylundecylbenzenes in two mature crude oils were also compared to those formed in the laboratory heating experiments. One crude oil derived from carbonate sediments was shown to have a predominance of ortho-undecyltoluene and 2,4- and 2,5-dimethylundecylbenzenes, similar to the reaction products formed from short-term laboratory heating experiments. The other crude oil, derived from elastic sediments containing abundant clays, was shown to contain a mixture of the undecyltoluenes and dimethylundecylbenzenes similar to the reaction products generated from longer-term heating experiments. These observations suggest that alkylxylenes in crude oils result from sedimentary methylation of ortho-alkyltoluenes, as the ortho-alkyltoluenes isomers are often the most abundant isomers in low maturity sediments. The initial products formed under kinetic control then undergo clay-catalyzed isomerization/transalkylation reactions to yield mixtures with higher abundances of the more thermodynamically stable isomers. C1 CURTIN UNIV TECHNOL,CTR PETR & ENVIRONM ORGAN GEOCHEM,AUSTRALIAN PETR CRC,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. RP Ellis, L (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 59 IS 24 BP 5133 EP 5140 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00352-5 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TL898 UT WOS:A1995TL89800008 ER PT J AU Wood, SA Tait, CD Janecky, DR Constantopoulos, TL AF Wood, SA Tait, CD Janecky, DR Constantopoulos, TL TI The aqueous geochemistry of rare earth elements .5. Application of photoacoustic spectroscopy to speciation at low rare earth element concentrations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID STABILITY-CONSTANTS; NATURAL-WATERS; TEMPERATURE; COMPLEXES; YTTRIUM AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) yields information on complexation identical to that obtainable with conventional UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, but is up to three orders of magnitude more sensitive. The applicability of PAS to the study of Er3+ oxalate and hydroxide complexes, at 25 degrees C and 1 bar, has been demonstrated. Spectra can be obtained at concentrations as low as 10-20 mu M, and observed spectral changes as a function of pH and oxalate concentration are consistent with the most reliable thermodynamic data available for these systems. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. EASTERN NEW MEXICO UNIV,DEPT PHYS SCI,PORTALES,NM 88130. RP Wood, SA (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT GEOL & GEOL ENGN,MOSCOW,ID 83844, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 59 IS 24 BP 5219 EP 5222 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00376-2 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA TL898 UT WOS:A1995TL89800016 ER PT J AU LI, BL LOEHLE, C AF LI, BL LOEHLE, C TI WAVELET ANALYSIS OF MULTISCALE PERMEABILITIES IN THE SUBSURFACE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT AB Wavelet analysis is a new mathematical theory and calculation method for separating and sorting structures on different time scales at different times, and on different spatial scales at different locations. This method has been used to identify spatial heterogeneity of geologic structures and to estimate spatial scales of geophysical parameters in the subsurface. We used the integral wavelet transform to analyze the spatial variability of permeability in the alluvial fan deposits in Radioactive Waste Management Site Area 5 of Nevada The mother wavelet which we used is the ''Mexican Hat'' function. A wavelet variance is defined to detect the characteristic scales of non-periodically spaced spatial structures. Results showed heterogeneity of spatial structure in permeability at hierarchical scales and difference of scales between transects in spatially distributed permeability. These multiscale features of spatial variability of permeability provide an explanation for the strong quasi-periodic behavior in the horizontal and vertical semivariograms. A comparison among wavelets, fractals, and traditional geostatistics is also given. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP LI, BL (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT IND ENGN,CTR BIOSYST MODELLING,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3123 EP 3126 DI 10.1029/95GL03552 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100005 ER PT J AU GOLDSTEIN, P AF GOLDSTEIN, P TI SLOPES OF P-WAVE TO S-WAVE SPECTRAL RATIOS - A BROAD-BAND REGIONAL SEISMIC DISCRIMINANT AND A PHYSICAL MODEL SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NTS EXPLOSIONS; EARTHQUAKES AB Concerns about nuclear proliferation and negotiations toward a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) emphasize the need for robust seismic monitoring and regional discrimination capabilities, especially at low magnitudes. Standard regional discrimination techniques have many shortcomings. For example, they cannot always discriminate shallow, low-magnitude earthquakes or mining-related events. I show that slopes of P- to S-wave spectral ratios can be used to discriminate shallow- and normal-depth earthquakes from explosions and possibly to discriminate explosions from mining-related rockburst or collapse events. P- to S-wave slopes and conventional, high-frequency P- to S-wave spectral amplitude ratios discriminate even better in combination than alone. A comparison of Pn and Lg spectra from Nevada Test Site (NTS) explosions and earthquakes shows that this method discriminates concentrated explosions from earthquakes and other shallow seismic events such as mine collapses because S waves from explosions decay more rapidly at high frequencies than do S waves from earthquakes. Spectra of one-dimensional reflectivity synthetic seismograms show that frequency-dependent attenuation of explosion-generated P- to S-wave converted phases, in the near-surface layers, may be responsible for the differences in Lg (S-wave) spectral falloff. These simulations also show that absolute amplitudes of earthquake P- to S-wave spectral ratios are very sensitive to mechanism and depth, which may help explain the variable performance of conventional methods. RP GOLDSTEIN, P (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3147 EP 3150 DI 10.1029/95GL03315 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100011 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, JL BAME, SJ BARNES, A BARRACLOUGH, BL FELDMAN, WC GOLDSTEIN, BE GOSLING, JT HOOGEVEEN, GW MCCOMAS, DJ NEUGEBAUER, M SUESS, ST AF PHILLIPS, JL BAME, SJ BARNES, A BARRACLOUGH, BL FELDMAN, WC GOLDSTEIN, BE GOSLING, JT HOOGEVEEN, GW MCCOMAS, DJ NEUGEBAUER, M SUESS, ST TI ULYSSES SOLAR-WIND PLASMA OBSERVATIONS FROM POLE TO POLE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFERENCES AB We present Ulysses solar wind plasma data from the peak southerly latitude of -80.2 degrees on 12 September 1994 through the corresponding northerly latitude on 31 July 1995. Ulysses encountered fast wind throughout this time except far a 43 degrees band centered on the solar equator. Median mass flux was nearly constant with latitude, while speed and density had positive and negative poleward gradients, respectively. Solar wind momentum flux was highest at high latitudes, suggesting a latitudinal asymmetry in the heliopause cross section. Solar wind energy flux density was also highest at high latitudes. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812. RP PHILLIPS, JL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAIL STOP D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 17 TC 266 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3301 EP 3304 DI 10.1029/95GL03094 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100050 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, JL GOLDSTEIN, BE GOSLING, JT HAMMOND, CM HOEKSEMA, JT MCCOMAS, DJ AF PHILLIPS, JL GOLDSTEIN, BE GOSLING, JT HAMMOND, CM HOEKSEMA, JT MCCOMAS, DJ TI SOURCES OF SHOCKS AND COMPRESSIONS IN THE HIGH-LATITUDE SOLAR-WIND - ULYSSES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION AB During its southern transit Ulysses sampled the solar wind to -80.2 degrees latitude. Slow streamer belt wind was seen only equatorward of -35 degrees, but its influence extended to much higher latitudes. Reverse shocks bounding the equatorial CIR were seen as far south as -58.2 degrees. High-latitude compressional waves showed no clear correlation with that CIR. Speed and density patterns show that solar rotational modulation persisted up to 25 degrees poleward of the slow wind. Compressional structures at highest latitudes were probably driven by spatial or temporal variations within the southern coronal hole. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. SRI INT,APPL ELECTROMAGNET & OPT LAB,MENLO PK,CA 94025. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP PHILLIPS, JL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAIL STOP D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3305 EP 3308 DI 10.1029/95GL02228 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100051 ER PT J AU BARNES, A GAZIS, PR PHILLIPS, JL AF BARNES, A GAZIS, PR PHILLIPS, JL TI CONSTRAINTS ON SOLAR-WIND ACCELERATION MECHANISMS FROM ULYSSES PLASMA OBSERVATIONS - THE FIRST POLAR PASS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; CORONAL HOLE; PIONEER AB The mass flux density and velocity of the solar wind at polar latitudes can provide strong constraints on solar wind acceleration mechanisms. We use plasma observations from the first polar passage of the Ulysses spacecraft to investigate this question. We find that the mass flux density and velocity are too high to reconcile with acceleration of the solar wind by classical thermal conduction alone. Therefore acceleration of the high-speed wind must involve extended deposition of energy by some other mechanism, either as heat or as a direct effective pressure, due possibly to waves and/or turbulence, or completely non-classical heat transport. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NASA, AMES RES CTR, SJSU FDN, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. RP BARNES, A (reprint author), NASA, AMES RES CTR, DIV SPACE SCI, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3309 EP 3311 DI 10.1029/95GL03532 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100052 ER PT J AU FORSYTH, RJ BALOGH, A SMITH, EJ MURPHY, N MCCOMAS, DJ AF FORSYTH, RJ BALOGH, A SMITH, EJ MURPHY, N MCCOMAS, DJ TI THE UNDERLYING MAGNETIC-FIELD DIRECTION IN ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN POLAR HELIOSPHERE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Between April and November 1994 the Ulysses spacecraft explored heliographic latitudes above 60 degrees S in the southern polar heliosphere and had returned to 20 degrees S by February 1995. We have used hourly averages of the magnetic field measurements made by Ulysses to study the underlying heliospheric field direction. In contrast to data previously reported from lower latitudes, we find that above 60 degrees S neither the mean nor the most probable azimuthal angle of the magnetic field agree with that predicted by the Parker model, the most probable angle being of the order of 24 degrees more tightly wound than expected. The distribution of azimuth angles retains the high degree of asymmetry previously found at lower latitudes causing the mean angle to remain slightly less tightly wound than the prediction. In this high latitude region, the distribution of the meridional (north-south) angle is found to be symmetric with mean and most probable values close to the Parker prediction. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP FORSYTH, RJ (reprint author), UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,PRINCE CONSORT RD,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3321 EP 3324 DI 10.1029/95GL02646 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100055 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT BAME, SJ FELDMAN, WC MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL GOLDSTEIN, B NEUGEBAUER, M BURKEPILE, J HUNDHAUSEN, AJ ACTON, L AF GOSLING, JT BAME, SJ FELDMAN, WC MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL GOLDSTEIN, B NEUGEBAUER, M BURKEPILE, J HUNDHAUSEN, AJ ACTON, L TI THE BAND OF SOLAR-WIND VARIABILITY AT LOW HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES NEAR SOLAR-ACTIVITY MINIMUM - PLASMA RESULTS FROM THE ULYSSES RAPID LATITUDE SCAN SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Near solar activity minimum large variations in the quiescent solar wind now are confined to a narrow latitude band centered near the heliographic equator. During Ulysses' recent rapid latitude scan this band was similar to 43 degrees wide. Flow parameters poleward of the band in the opposite solar hemispheres were nearly the same. Main entry into the band of variable solar wind was via a shock disturbance most likely associated with over-expansion of a coronal mass ejection event. Wind variability within the band was associated primarily with longitudinal structure in the solar corona and solar rotation; high-speed streams observed there were associated with locations where the polar coronal holes extended equatorward toward the Ulysses orbit. Observations indicate that the polar coronal holes at this time occupied only similar to 13% of the low Corona, yet a nearly uniform high-speed wind (average speed similar to 750 km s(-1)) filled similar to 63% of the heliosphere. This indicates the holes expanded by a factor of similar to 4.8 from the low corona to interplanetary space. Much of this lateral expansion occurred beyond 1.74 solar radii from Sun center. C1 CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,HIGH ALTITUDE OBSERV,BOULDER,CO 80307. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 13 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3329 EP 3332 DI 10.1029/95GL02163 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100057 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT FELDMAN, WC MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ FORSYTH, RJ AF GOSLING, JT FELDMAN, WC MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL PIZZO, VJ FORSYTH, RJ TI ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF OPPOSED TILTS OF SOLAR-WIND COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN SOLAR HEMISPHERES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIONEER-10; STREAM AB Data obtained during Ulysses' rapid northbound traverse across the heliographic equator provide evidence for predicted, opposed north-south tilts of corotating interaction regions formed from streams originating in the northern and southern solar hemispheres respectively. In both hemispheres, reverse waves that were propagating poleward were observed poleward of the latitudes where the fast-slow wind interaction occurred. Forward waves, on the other hand, were observed only within the low-latitude band of wind variability, consistent with the prediction of systematic, opposed tilts. However, the evidence for opposed north-south tilts within the low-latitude band of variability was less conclusive. C1 NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO,CA. RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3333 EP 3336 DI 10.1029/95GL03312 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100058 ER PT J AU SMITH, EJ BALOGH, A NEUGEBAUER, M MCCOMAS, D AF SMITH, EJ BALOGH, A NEUGEBAUER, M MCCOMAS, D TI ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF ALFVEN WAVES IN THE SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN SOLAR HEMISPHERES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL EVOLUTION; WIND; ACCELERATION; FLUCTUATIONS; TURBULENCE AB Alfven waves with periods from < 1 to > 10 hours are shown to be continuously present in the sun's south and north polar regions. Below approximate to 30 degrees latitude, as revealed by the rapid traversal of the equatorial region by Ulysses, the wave power averaged over a solar rotation decreases abruptly. The correlations between magnetic field and solar wind velocity fluctuations, upon which the wave identification is based, indicate outward propagation in both hemispheres. The Ulysses observations are consistent with many of the properties of Alfven waves seen in the ecliptic in association with high speed streams. Some implications of the waves in the polar regions are explored. Because of the long wavelengths, which reach approximate to 0.3AU, the waves resonate with 10-10(3)MeV/nucIeon galactic cosmic rays and oppose their entry into the polar caps. The wave amplitudes imply a contribution to the acceleration of the high latitude wind due to momentum transfer of only a few percent. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SPACE & ATMOSPHER SCI GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP SMITH, EJ (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,M-S 169-506,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 24 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3381 EP 3384 DI 10.1029/95GL03268 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100069 ER PT J AU HO, CM TSURUTANI, BT GOLDSTEIN, BE PHILLIPS, JL BALOGH, A AF HO, CM TSURUTANI, BT GOLDSTEIN, BE PHILLIPS, JL BALOGH, A TI TANGENTIAL DISCONTINUITIES AT HIGH HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES (SIMILAR-TO-80-DEGREES) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND AB In this study, tangential discontinuities (TDs) near -80 degrees heliographic latitude have been studied. Based on our quantitative definitions, we find that the TDs may generally be divided into two clear types. There is a distinct population of TDs small (< 40 degrees) directional changes. About 19% of all high-latitude TDs are in this category. These types of TDs are found at the edges of mirror mode structures. The latter are presumed to be locally generated by ion anisotropies, based on examination of the mirror mode instability criteria. Another 50% of high latitude TDs are associated with large field directional changes (> 60 degrees). These TDs typically are found at the boundary between two streams. The discontinuities have large normals in the plane perpendicular to the background field, as might be expected for features generated by currents flowing along the field. These discontinuities usually have larger current intensities than those of the mirror-mode related TDs. The remainder of the discontinuities have angular changes which lie in between the mirror-mode-associated and the current-sheet-associated TDs. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. RP HO, CM (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3409 EP 3412 DI 10.1029/95GL02981 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100076 ER PT J AU LIN, NG KELLOGG, PJ MACDOWALL, RJ BALOGH, A FORSYTH, RJ PHILLIPS, JL BUTTIGHOFFER, A PICK, M AF LIN, NG KELLOGG, PJ MACDOWALL, RJ BALOGH, A FORSYTH, RJ PHILLIPS, JL BUTTIGHOFFER, A PICK, M TI OBSERVATIONS OF PLASMA-WAVES IN MAGNETIC HOLES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; RADIO AB We report the first observations of Langmuir waves excited within magnetic holes, which are characterized by a depression of magnetic field strength. This phenomenon is very common in the solar wind. In addition to Langmuir waves, waves at a few kHz, which are typical of Doppler-shifted ion acoustic frequencies in the solar wind, and low frequency electromagnetic waves (below the electron cyclotron frequency) are sometimes observed simultaneously within the holes. In the holes with directional discontinuities at the boundary, the above plasma waves may occur at the edges of the holes. Possible physical mechanisms of the wave excitation are discussed. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. OBSERV MEUDON,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP LIN, NG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,116 CHURCH ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 NR 14 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3417 EP 3420 DI 10.1029/95GL03266 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100078 ER PT J AU PIERRE, F SOLOMON, J CORNILLEAUWEHRLIN, N CANU, P SCIME, EE PHILLIPS, JL BALOGH, A FORSYTH, RJ AF PIERRE, F SOLOMON, J CORNILLEAUWEHRLIN, N CANU, P SCIME, EE PHILLIPS, JL BALOGH, A FORSYTH, RJ TI WHISTLER-MODE WAVE GENERATION AROUND INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS IN AND OUT OF THE ECLIPTIC-PLANE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; ELECTRON-BEAMS AB We present a study of whistler-mode wave generation and wave particle interaction in the vicinity of interplanetary shocks in and out of the ecliptic plane, as observed by the Ulysses spacecraft. We focus here on one shock in the ecliptic plane as a reference and three shocks obtained at -30, -54 and -55.4 degrees of heliographic latitude respectively. Generally the whistler-mode waves (measured in the frequency range 0.22-448 Hz) are observed downstream of the shocks where they persist for some hours. From the electron distribution functions in the energy range 1.6 to 862 eV, we compute the temperature anisotropy and the wave growth rate of the electromagnetic electron cyclotron instability for the case of parallel propagation of the waves with respect to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B. In general, in agreement with the wave measurements, the instability grows only downstream of the shock fronts. Following the wave activity, velocity space diffusion of the electrons results in a marginally stable state with some sporadic fluctuations. Broadening of the wave reduced frequency range of the instability and an increase of the temperature anisotropy with latitude are observed. C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB SPACE & ATMOS PHYS,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. CETP,CNRS,F-78140 VELIZY VILLACOUBL,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP PIERRE, F (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,CNRS,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 23 BP 3425 EP 3428 DI 10.1029/95GL03265 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA TK191 UT WOS:A1995TK19100080 ER PT J AU HARRISON, KG POST, WM RICHTER, DD AF HARRISON, KG POST, WM RICHTER, DD TI SOIL CARBON TURNOVER IN A RECOVERING TEMPERATE FOREST SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC-CARBON; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DYNAMICS; MATTER; CO2; PRODUCTIVITY; STORAGE AB Soil radiocarbon measurements show that mineral soil carbon under a recovering temperate forest in South Carolina turns over twice as fast as carbon in undisturbed soil. The observed 12-year turnover time influences the design and interpretation of CO2 fertilization experiments. Experiments conducted on formerly disturbed sites will show a soil carbon fertilization response considerably faster than experiments conducted on native sites. Calculating the soil carbon CO2 fertilization factor from observed increases in soil carbon requires values for the turnover time and inventory of active soil carbon. We also use the observed turnover time to estimate the rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration in soil following agricultural abandonment. Although using the observed turnover rate increases estimates of soil carbon uptake on abandoned land, the amount of carbon sequestered globally is minimal because the net area of land being abandoned is small. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27708. RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1029/95GB02380 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TG011 UT WOS:A1995TG01100003 ER PT J AU KELLMAN, B GUALTIERI, DS TANZMAN, EA AF KELLMAN, B GUALTIERI, DS TANZMAN, EA TI DISARMAMENT AND DISCLOSURE - HOW ARMS-CONTROL VERIFICATION CAN PROCEED WITHOUT THREATENING CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION SO HARVARD INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGREEMENTS C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV DECIS & INFORMAT SCI,ECON & LAW SECT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP KELLMAN, B (reprint author), DE PAUL UNIV,COLL LAW,CHICAGO,IL 60614, USA. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD LAW SCHOOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBLICATIONS CTR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0017-8063 J9 HARVARD INT LAW J JI Harv. Int. Law J. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 71 EP 126 PG 56 WC Law SC Government & Law GA QH192 UT WOS:A1995QH19200002 ER PT J AU CEMBER, H AF CEMBER, H TI 1995 DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT AWARD MEMORIALIZATION PRESENTED IN MEMORY OF FAIRCHILD,RALPH,G. AT THE 40TH ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE HEALTH-PHYSICS-SOCIETY, BOSTON, MA - 23-27-JULY-1995 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item RP CEMBER, H (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 873 EP 874 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TH389 UT WOS:A1995TH38900003 ER PT J AU BUHL, T AF BUHL, T TI 1995 WILLIAM-MCADAMS-OUTSTANDING-SERVICE-AWARD PRESENTED TO CASEY,WILLIAM,R. BY THE AMERICAN-BOARD-OF-HEALTH-PHYSICS AT THE 40TH ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE HEALTH-PHYSICS-SOCIETY, BOSTON, MA, 23-27-JULY-1995 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item RP BUHL, T (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MAIL STOP G761, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 879 EP 880 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TH389 UT WOS:A1995TH38900005 PM 7493800 ER PT J AU MORRIS, SC MEINHOLD, AF AF MORRIS, SC MEINHOLD, AF TI PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF NEPHROTOXIC EFFECT OF URANIUM IN DRINKING-WATER SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE URANIUM; WATER; METABOLISM; KIDNEYS ID GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; RATS; METABOLISM; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; KIDNEY; HUMANS AB Assessments of the health effects of pollutants generally use models in which exposure variables and model parameters are point values, often chosen as conservative estimates. A more realistic approach is to characterize the uncertainty of each variable and parameter explicitly as a probability distribution. This paper presents a probabilistic version of an established model for metabolism of ingested uranium and characterizes the parameters of the model as distributions, It then characterizes the uncertainty of the threshold level for nephrotoxic risk of uranium, and uses distributions of the heterogeneity in drinking water intake of uranium in the U.S. to assess nephrotoxic risk. It further evaluates the implications of inadequate data on the heterogeneity of dietary intake. RP MORRIS, SC (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, BIOMED & ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT GRP, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 897 EP 908 DI 10.1097/00004032-199512000-00003 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TH389 UT WOS:A1995TH38900010 PM 7493805 ER PT J AU STRAUME, T AF STRAUME, T TI HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS IN HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI - IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK AND W-R SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note DE CANCER; QUALITY FACTOR; GAMMA RADIATION; HIROSHIMA ID X-RAYS; RADIATION AB Based on the DS86 dosimetry system, nearly all of the dose to survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was due to unusually high-energy gamma rays, predominantly in the 2- to 5-MeV range, These high energies resulted in part from neutron capture gamma rays as the bomb neutrons penetrated large distances of air, Because of the inverse relationship between energy and biological effectiveness, these high-energy gamma rays are expected to be substantially less effective in producing biological damage than the radiations commonly used in radiobiology and risk assessment, This observation has implications for radiation protection and risk assessment. RP STRAUME, T (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV ASSESSMENT, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 69 IS 6 BP 954 EP 956 DI 10.1097/00004032-199512000-00010 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TH389 UT WOS:A1995TH38900017 PM 7493812 ER PT J AU Frazer, NB AF Frazer, NB TI Herpetological research at a national environmental research park - Preface SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SAVANNAH RIVER NATL ENVIRONM,AIKEN,SC 29802. RP Frazer, NB (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,RES PK,PO DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 383 EP 386 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800001 ER PT J AU Krenz, JD Sever, DM AF Krenz, JD Sever, DM TI Mating and oviposition in paedomorphic Ambystoma talpoideum precedes the arrival of terrestrial males SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE caudata; Ambystoma talpoideum; Paedomorphosis; natural selection; onset of mating; phenotypic plasticity; reproductive isolation ID SALAMANDER EURYCEA-CIRRIGERA; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; SPERM STORAGE; PEDOMORPHOSIS; AMPHIBIA; METAMORPHOSIS; PHYLOGENY; PREDATOR; DENSITY; CAUDATA AB A comparison between the onset of mating and oviposition in facultatively paedomorphic (aquatic) Ambystoma talpoideum and the migration dates of metamorphic (terrestrial) males into the same breeding site revealed a mechanism of partial reproductive isolation. Most paedomorphic females captured in early November 1993 already were inseminated; the onset of oviposition was observed soon thereafter. Most metamorphic males did not arrive at the pond until mid-December or early January, and these migration dates are consistent with data from previous years. The path of development (paedomorphosis or metamorphosis) of an individual is incompletely plastic; heritable differences between individuals exist in their propensity to metamorphose. A partial reproductive partition between paedomorphic females and metamorphic males may favor a gradual reduction in the propensity to metamorphose in the offspring of paedomorphic females. This mechanism, coupled with antagonistic agents such as pond-drying, may promote this life history dichotomy. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. ST MARYS COLL,DEPT BIOL,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. RP Krenz, JD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 387 EP 393 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800002 ER PT J AU McAlpine, S Smith, MH AF McAlpine, S Smith, MH TI Genetic correlates of fitness in the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE heterozygosity; temporal variation; mating success; survival; anura; Hyla cinerea ID ENZYME HETEROZYGOSITY; MATING SUCCESS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; GROWTH-RATE; LOCI; POPULATIONS; ADAPTATION; ASSOCIATIONS; EVOLUTION; GENOTYPES AB Effects of an individual's genotype on its fitness may vary with environmental conditions or across time. Green treefrogs, Hyla cinerea, were collected from a single pond for three consecutive summers (1989-1991) and identified as belonging to one of four groups: calling males, mated males, mated females, and juvenile metamorphs. We used eight polymorphic loci to examine differences among groups and across years. Heterozygosity at the isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH-2) locus was associated with enhanced overwinter survival of juveniles and male mating success; however, the relationship was not consistent across time. The association at the IDH-2 locus may be weak or the result of an interaction and, therefore, seen only under certain conditions. A shift in allelic and genotypic frequencies corresponded to changes in heterozygosity. Although the exact cause of the association is not known, this study illustrates the temporally dynamic nature of the genetics of natural populations. Multilocus heterozygosity did not appear to be a good indicator of survival or mating success in N. cinerea. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800003 ER PT J AU Jenssen, TA Congdon, JD Fischer, RU Estes, R Kling, D Edmands, S AF Jenssen, TA Congdon, JD Fischer, RU Estes, R Kling, D Edmands, S TI Morphological characteristics of the lizard Anolis carolinensis from South Carolina SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Anolis cerolinensis; coefficient of condition; locomotion; morphology; sexual dimorphism ID SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; BODY SIZE; TAIL AUTOTOMY; IGUANIDAE; ENERGETICS; PREDATION; EVOLUTION; SAURIA AB We report morphometric data for 721 Anolis carolinensis from a pine-oak community near Aiken, South Carolina. We recorded an adult male:female ratio of 1.18:1. Far our sample, a sexual dimorphism of larger males was reflected in snout-vent length (SVL) and body mass, with an average 10% bias for SVL and 30% for mass. Proportioned to respective SVL, tail length, head length, and head width tended to be larger in males. However, reduced major axis analyses indicated that these sex-biased dimorphisms were isometric, primarily reflecting the same male-larger scale relationship, and not disproportionate sexual dimorphic morphologies. The percent frequency of regenerated tails was unusually low (8%) and similar for both sexes. Coefficients of body condition indicated that lizards were heaviest during the post-breeding season (August-November) and lightest during the breeding season (April-July). Comparison of data from our population in South Carolina to those from other conspecific populations and anoline species suggests that (1) the intersexual difference in SVL increases with latitude, (2) the SVL/tail length ratio of A. carolinensis is intermediate between anoline ''jumpers'' and ''runners'', indicating a generalist at locomotion, and (3) at present, the sexual selection hypothesis, in contrast to the competition avoidance hypothesis or the female fecundity hypothesis, best explains the sexual size dimorphism observed in a northern latitude population of A. carolinensis. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 63 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 401 EP 411 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800004 ER PT J AU Mills, MS Hudson, CJ Berna, HJ AF Mills, MS Hudson, CJ Berna, HJ TI Spatial ecology and movements of the brown water snake (Nerodia taxospilota) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Serpentes, Nerodia taxispilota; brown water snake; spatial ecology; habitat use; movement; mark-recapture ID BLACK RAT SNAKES; HABITAT USE; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; ELAPHE-OBSOLETA; POPULATION; SELECTION; AUSTRALIA; SERPENTES; SIPEDON AB We used mark-recapture techniques from August 1991 through September 1993 (52 sampling days) to study habitat use and movement of Nerodia taxispilota. We captured 411 individuals and estimated a linear density of 43 individuals/km of river habitat. River sections exhibiting the highest number of captures were clustered within 200 m of backwater areas; brown water snakes were not randomly distributed and were significantly associated with the steep-banked outer bends of the river and availability of potential perch sites. Recaptured individuals (n = 50) reaffirmed this habitat association by remaining in or moving to straight sections and outside bends of the river (90% of recaptures) with steep banks (88%) and a moderate to abundant concentration of perch sites (86%). Most recaptured individuals of N. taxispilota (70%) were found <250 m from their previous capture site, but six moved >500 m, and three moved >1 km. Ten of 11 individuals that moved >10 m/day between captures did so from 12 August through 15 October, indicating a possible seasonal movement pattern. Distance moved by individuals was not associated with size, sex, or number of days between captures; however, only large (>80 cm snout-vent length) individuals (n = 8) crossed the river (approximately 100 m). We found significant relationships between snout-vent length of basking individuals and perch height, perch exposure, and perch substrate. This is the first published study of the spatial ecology and movements of N. taxispilota in natural populations. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. MERCER UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MACON,GA 31027. RP Mills, MS (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 412 EP 423 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800005 ER PT J AU Seigel, RA Gibbons, JW Lynch, TK AF Seigel, RA Gibbons, JW Lynch, TK TI Temporal changes in reptile populations: Effects of a severe drought on aquatic snakes SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE snakes; drought; conservation; movements; feeding; Farancia; Nerodia; Seminatrix ID FLORIDA SANDHILLS; POND AB During the summers of 1985-1987, the southeastern United States suffered a drought equaled in severity only five times since AD 372. We monitored the abundance and population structure of five species of aquatic snakes before, during, and after this record event in South Carolina. There was significant variation among species in response to drought conditions. Based on capture records before the drought, Nerodia fasciata and Seminatrix pygaea left the study site in relatively high numbers whereas Nerodia floridana left in relatively low numbers. We found significant variation in the timing of movements among species; N. fasciata left the site mainly in 1986 and 1988 whereas Seminatrix pygaea left the site mainly in 1987. We suggest that N. fasciata left the site in direct response to low water levels whereas S. pygaea left in response to the absence of suitable prey. Snakes exited the site using discrete, non-random corridors. Long-term changes in abundance and species composition were marked; the prey base was altered radically, overall abundance of snakes was lowered, and Nerodia floridana was not seen at the site for five years after the drought. Our results support earlier suggestions that long-term data on populations are needed to determine whether population declines result from natural or anthropogenic factors. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 12 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 424 EP 434 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800006 ER PT J AU Pechmann, JHK AF Pechmann, JHK TI Use of large field enclosures to study the terrestrial ecology of pond-breeding amphibians SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE amphibian; pond-breeding; terrestrial; enclosures; sampling; density; competition; Ambystoma talpoideum; Ambystoma opacum ID SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; INTRASPECIFIC AGGRESSION; MIGRATORY ORIENTATION; MARBLED SALAMANDERS; GENUS AMBYSTOMA; MOLE SALAMANDER; COMPETITION; OPACUM AB The terrestrial stage of pond-breeding amphibians has been the subject of few ecological field experiments, partly because terrestrial individuals of many species are difficult to capture, observe, and manipulate. I tested a new strategy for sampling terrestrial, fossorial, pond-breeding amphibians within large field enclosures. Ambystoma opacum and A. talpoideum were placed in 225 m(2) enclosures shortly af ter metamorphosis. Pitfall traps were placed along the enclosure walls to recapture individuals when they reached maturity and attempted to migrate to a breeding pond. Data were obtained on survival to, age at, and size at first reproduction comparable to data obtained from natural populations using terrestrial drift fences with pitfall traps located at breeding ponds. Doubling density in the enclosures by adding an equal number of either the same or the other species had no statistically significant effect on survival to first reproduction of A. opacum. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP Pechmann, JHK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,PO DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 73 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 434 EP 450 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800007 ER PT J AU Burke, VJ Greene, JL Gibbons, JW AF Burke, VJ Greene, JL Gibbons, JW TI The effect of sample size and study duration on metapopulation estimates for slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Chelonia; Emydidae; Trachemys scripta; turtles; Carolina bay; metapopulation; conservation ID PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; POPULATIONS AB We analyzed data from 26 yr of spatially extensive mark and recapture studies on slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) to describe the effects of mark-recapture effort and study duration on metapopulation size estimates. Estimates were constructed for a metapopulation that encompasses aquatic habitats exhibiting interchange of individuals with Ellenton Bay, a 10 ha wetland on the Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina. Disjunct populations were included in the Ellenton Bay metapopulation (EBMP) if recaptures of marked slider turtles indicated interchange of individuals between that population and the slider turtle population at Ellenton Bay. Recapture data indicated that the EBMP encompasses habitats 3.5 km from Ellenton Bay. Of 1660 slider turtles originally marked in Ellenton Bay, 65 (3.9%) were recaptured in disjunct aquatic habitats, suggesting that detection of interchange of individuals requires high marking effort. New aquatic habitats in the EBMP continued to be recognized 22 yr after the onset of mark-recapture efforts. The results of this analysis suggest that identification of metapopulations requires spatially extensive sampling, high marking effort, and studies of sufficient duration to allow time for detection of movements to distant populations. RP Burke, VJ (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800008 ER PT J AU Buhlmann, KA Lynch, TK Gibbons, JW Greene, JL AF Buhlmann, KA Lynch, TK Gibbons, JW Greene, JL TI Prolonged egg retention in the turtle Deirochelys reticularia in South Carolina SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Deirochelys reticularia; chicken turtle; egg; retention; reproductive strategy ID AQUATIC TURTLES AB Deirochelys reticularia possesses a reproductive strategy unique among North American turtles by exhibiting a bimodal autumn and spring nesting pattern in the northern part of its range. Between 1976-1994, 153 X-radiographs were taken of 50 females of Deirochelys reticularia to detect the presence of calcified eggs. Thirteen gravid females were X-radiographed in both autumn and the following spring. Of these, eight retained the same set of calcified eggs and five contained a different clutch. We did not observe spring to autumn retention of eggs. Analysis of X-radiographs from Kinosternon subrubrum and Trachemys scripta indicated much shorter retention times that spanned a few weeks at most within a summer nesting season. Egg retention may represent an adaptation specific to Deirochelys that enables postponement of nesting if conditions are unsuitable. RP Buhlmann, KA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 457 EP 462 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800009 ER PT J AU Scott, DE Fore, MR AF Scott, DE Fore, MR TI The effect of food limitation on lipid levels, growth, and reproduction in the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma opacum; egg size; fecundity; food stress; growth; lipids; reproduction; reproductive frequency; resource allocation; salamander ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BOMBINA-ORIENTALIS; PLASTICITY; SIZE; FROG; AVAILABILITY; MATURATION; POPULATION; ALLOCATION; PATTERNS AB Assimilated food energy is partitioned into four compartments: maintenance, growth, reproduction, and stored energy in the form of lipids. Food availability is limited in many natural systems, so organisms face trade-offs in allocating energy to these competing compartments. We conducted a dietary study with female marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum, to examine the relationship between food level and energy allocation patterns. Feeding treatments produced differences in total lipid amounts, growth rates, and reproductive traits. Females in the high-food treatment group exhibited larger body size, higher lipid levels, greater proportions of total lipids, and larger clutch size than low- and medium-food animals. In addition, 60% of the high-food females were reproductive at the end of the experiment, compared to 42% of the females sustained at medium-food levels and 12% on the low-food regimen. After removal of an apparent outlier from analyses, a female's mean egg size and egg lipid investment per egg depended on food level through its effect on body size; larger females tended to have bigger eggs. Collectively these results suggest that food availability affects traits related to individual fitness and may also influence the population dynamics of a species. RP Scott, DE (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 19 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 462 EP 471 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800010 ER PT J AU Scott, DE Fischer, RU Congdon, JD Busa, SA AF Scott, DE Fischer, RU Congdon, JD Busa, SA TI Whole body lipid dynamics and reproduction in the eastern cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Agkistrodon piscivorus; annual variation; fat bodies; lipid cycle; lipid utilization; reproduction; snake; total lipids; vitellogenesis ID FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT; CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; LIZARD; CYCLES; ENERGY; STORAGE; SNAKES; POPULATION; REPTILES; RATIOS AB We measured non-polar lipids in juvenile, male, and gravid and non-gravid female eastern cottonmouths, Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus, during a 2-yr period. Lipids in carcass, liver, fat bodies, and gonads differed among the four groups, although all stored over 55% of their total lipids in fat bodies. Total lipids declined in males and non-gravid females the first year of the study, and a gradual increase in lipids occurred during the second year. Lipid levels in juveniles were lowest during winter and increased each summer. Gravid females had highest lipid levels prior to ovulation, after which both total lipids and fat body lipids declined throughout the gestation period. During April, total lipid levels were significantly greater in gravid females than in all other groups. A large portion of the variation in total lipids was due to unexplained differences between years, as evidenced by females with 10% lipids that were non-gravid in the first year compared to females with 6% lipids that were gravid in the second year. RP Scott, DE (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 63 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 472 EP 487 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800011 ER PT J AU Niewiarowski, PH AF Niewiarowski, PH TI Effects of supplemental feeding and thermal environment on growth rates of eastern fence lizards, Sceloporus undulatus SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE growth rate; Sceloporus undulatus; supplemental feeding; geographic variation; life-history ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; 2 POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION; FOOD; IGUANIDAE; MERRIAMI; SAURIA AB Geographic variation in growth rates of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus, is extensive and has been interpreted in various ways. For example, slow growth rates of lizards in eastern woodland populations might reflect phenotypic plasticity induced by low food availability, unfavorable thermal environments, or a combination of both. By supplementally feeding free-ranging lizards from the New Jersey Pine Barrens, I tested the hypothesis that food directly limits growth rate. I also reared juveniles from New Jersey and from the Savannah River Site in South Carolina in a laboratory ''common garden'' to test whether higher growth rates could be induced by ad libitum food, water, and unconstrained access to thermoregulatory sites, and whether there were population specific differences in responses to the common laboratory environment. Supplemental feeding had no significant effect on growth rates of free-ranging lizards relative to unsupplemented control lizards, and laboratory growth rates did not significantly exceed field growth rates for lizards in New Jersey or South Carolina. The absence of an increase in growth rates of supplementally fed, free-ranging or laboratory-reared lizards relative to control animals and population-specific allometry between snout-vent length and mass in a common laboratory environment is consistent with adaptive hypotheses that assume differences between populations in growth rate and other life history traits are the result of genetic differences. Implications for interpreting geographic variation in S. undulatus are discussed. C1 UNIV PENN,LEIDY LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 487 EP 496 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800012 ER PT J AU Congdon, JD Fischer, RU Gatten, RE AF Congdon, JD Fischer, RU Gatten, RE TI Effects of incubation temperatures on characteristics of hatchling American alligators SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE alligator; Alligator mississippiensis eggs; embryo development; hatchlings; incubation temperatures; lipids; yolk reserves ID POSTHATCHING YOLK RESERVES; TURTLES CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; EGGS; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; EMBRYOS; CALCIUM; SEX; ENVIRONMENT; SUBSTRATE AB We examined the effects of egg qualities and incubation temperatures on characteristics of hatchling American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Alligator eggs were collected from the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, and transported to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory near Aiken, South Carolina. Eggs from each clutch were initially incubated at either 30 C to produce only females or 34 C to produce only males. After 40 days of incubation, the eggs were distributed among four final temperatures (28, 30, 32, and 34 C) for the remaining third of development. Egg and hatchling lipids were extracted with petroleum ether and hatchling nitrogen content was determined using the micro-Kjeldahl procedure. Egg yolk averaged 40.7% non-polar lipids and parental investment ratios (hatchling yolk lipids/egg lipids) averaged 66% and did not vary significantly among incubation treatments. Individual hatchling characteristics (snout-vent length, carcass lean dry and lipid mass, yolk sac lean dry and lipid mass) were not significantly influenced by initial incubation temperature and, with the exception of hatchling yolk lean dry mass, were not significantly influenced by final incubation temperatures. Multivariate analysis of hatchling characteristics revealed that maternal effects and incubation temperatures during the final third of development appear to have major impact on hatchling characteristics. Based on these results, the ''decision'' to produce primarily male or female offspring would first be based on characteristics of the female parent and secondarily on the nest temperatures influenced by nest site selection. The effects of nest temperatures would first determine the sex through the first two-thirds of incubation and subsequently influence the quality of the offspring during the final third of development. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. RP Congdon, JD (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI JOHNSON CITY PA EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, BOX 70726, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614-0726 SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD DEC PY 1995 VL 51 IS 4 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM918 UT WOS:A1995TM91800013 ER PT J AU Dolbeare, F AF Dolbeare, F TI Bromodeoxyuridine: A diagnostic tool in biology and medicine .2. Oncology, chemotherapy and carcinogenesis SO HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID CELL-CYCLE KINETICS; HUMAN-BRAIN-TUMORS; S-PHASE CELLS; FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZER REGIONS; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; POTENTIAL DOUBLING TIME; EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA AB This paper follows on from Part 1 of my review of bromodeoxyuridine published earlier this year (Dolbeare, 1995). RP Dolbeare, F (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 469 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0018-2214 J9 HISTOCHEM J JI Histochem.J. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 12 BP 923 EP 964 PG 42 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA TP252 UT WOS:A1995TP25200001 PM 8789396 ER PT J AU Forsman, K Gropp, W Kettunen, L Levine, D Salonen, J AF Forsman, K Gropp, W Kettunen, L Levine, D Salonen, J TI Solution of dense systems of linear equations arising from integral-equation formulations SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses the efficient solution of dense systems of linear equations, arising from integral-equation formulations. Several preconditioners, in connection with Krylov iterative solvers, are examined, and compared with LU factorization. Results are shown, demonstrating practical aspects and issues we have encountered in implementing iterative solvers, on both parallel and sequential computers. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Forsman, K (reprint author), TAMPERE UNIV TECHNOL,LAB ELECT & MAGNETISM,POB 692,SF-33101 TAMPERE,FINLAND. OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 37 IS 6 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1109/74.482076 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA TT512 UT WOS:A1995TT51200012 ER PT J AU Payne, WD Marchioro, TL AF Payne, WD Marchioro, TL TI Awards recognize excellence and innovation in CSE education SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP Payne, WD (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,126 WILHELM HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1109/MCSE.1995.476360 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA TK502 UT WOS:A1995TK50200004 ER PT J AU Ewsuk, KG AF Ewsuk, KG TI Modeling ceramics may improve yields SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material RP Ewsuk, KG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA TK502 UT WOS:A1995TK50200017 ER PT J AU Lu, ZH Majerfeld, A Wright, PD Yang, LW AF Lu, ZH Majerfeld, A Wright, PD Yang, LW TI A comprehensive optical characterization method for high-performance n-p-n AlGaAs-GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; DOPED GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOREFLECTANCE; REDISTRIBUTION; ZN AB We report a comprehensive optical wafer evaluation technique for C-doped n-p-n heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) using low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, The correspondence between the optically determined parameters at the wafer level and the electrical device parameters is demonstrated, The hole density in the base of transistor structures was obtained from optical transitions in the p(+)-GaAs layer exploiting the bandgap narrowing effect, Furthermore, our experimental studies, which combine optical and electrical measurements, show that a photovoltaic effect observed in the optical spectrum measures the strength of carrier recombination processes in the emitter-base heterojunction region, Because interface recombination strongly affects the de current gain of these devices, photoluminescence spectroscopy of epitaxial wafers provides critical information on HBT device parameters prior to device fabrication. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. MOTOROLA INC,PHOENIX CORP RES LABS,TEMPE,AZ 85284. MARTIN MARIETTA CORP LABS,SYRACUSE,NY 13221. RP Lu, ZH (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1030 EP 1036 DI 10.1109/2944.488679 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA TY246 UT WOS:A1995TY24600008 ER PT J AU PANCAKE, CM SIMMONS, ML YAN, JC AF PANCAKE, CM SIMMONS, ML YAN, JC TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TOOLS FOR PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SO IEEE PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,COMP RES & APPLICAT GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV NUMER AERODYNAM SIMULAT SYST,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP PANCAKE, CM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 1063-6552 J9 IEEE PARALL DISTRIB JI IEEE Parallel Distrib. Technol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 3 IS 4 BP 14 EP & PG 0 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA TE024 UT WOS:A1995TE02400004 ER PT J AU Lu, B Lu, YC Alduino, AC Ortiz, GG Cheng, JL Hafich, MJ Klem, J Schneider, RP Zolper, JC AF Lu, B Lu, YC Alduino, AC Ortiz, GG Cheng, JL Hafich, MJ Klem, J Schneider, RP Zolper, JC TI Optically-cascaded, multistage switching operation of a multifunctional binary optical optoelectronic switch SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER; INTEGRATION; TRANSISTOR AB Optically cascadable and multifunctional binary optical switches consisting of AlGaAs-GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's), heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), and p-i-n photodetectors (PIN's) have been realized, Each switching element consists of a pair of PIN/HBT/VCSEL switches that can perform optical switching and routing at a data rate of 100 Mb/s, and optoelectronic signal conversion at a data fate of 100 Mb/s, while achieving a peak dc optical gain of 18 and an ac optical gain of 4, Optically-cascaded, multistage switching operation has been demonstrated using two linear arrays of HBT/PIN/VCSEL switches, with an overall Cascaded de optical gain of 50 and an ac gain of 8. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Lu, B (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,CTR HIGH TECHNOL MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1427 EP 1429 DI 10.1109/68.477271 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA TM713 UT WOS:A1995TM71300015 ER PT J AU Trudnowski, DJ Agee, JC AF Trudnowski, DJ Agee, JC TI Identifying a hydraulic-turbine model from measured field data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 23-25, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, PES DE hydraulic turbine modelling; system identification ID PENSTOCK AB An approach is proposed for identifying hydraulic-turbine model parameters from measured response data. The frequency response from the turbine-gate position to the machine power is measured at given steady-state operating conditions, and a structured model is fitted to the response. The fitting process is based on a nonlinear optimization method that provides numerical robustness. This approach allows one to fine tune and validate existing models or to identify a model without initial theoretical analysis. Theoretical development of the approach is discussed and results are presented for a 115-MVA unit at the Mt. Elbert pumped-storage powerplant operated by the Bureau of Reclamation. C1 US BUR RECLAMAT, DIV RES & LAB SERV, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP Trudnowski, DJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1109/60.475851 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA TM769 UT WOS:A1995TM76900022 ER PT J AU Segev, A Zhao, JL AF Segev, A Zhao, JL TI A framework for join pattern indexing in intelligent database systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE intelligent databases; data materialization; join indexing; rule processing; rule-based systems AB In intelligent database systems, knowledge-directed inference often derives large amounts of data, and the efficiency of query processing in these systems depends upon how the derived data are maintained. This paper focuses on situations where the rule is conditional on a join of multiple data objects (relations) and the rule-derived data are materialized to reduce the overall query processing:costs. We develop an indexing technique based on a unique construct called join pattern relation, Several pattern redundancy reduction methods are also introduced to minimize the overhead cost of join indexing. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV INFORMAT & COMP SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,SCH BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT,KOWLOON,HONG KONG. RP Segev, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,WALTER A HAAS SCH BUSINESS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 941 EP 947 DI 10.1109/69.476499 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA TL586 UT WOS:A1995TL58600008 ER PT J AU Gwyn, CW AF Gwyn, CW TI Bob L. Gregory - In memoriam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual RP Gwyn, CW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1540 EP 1540 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000002 ER PT J AU Schmidt, DM Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pease, RL Graves, RJ Johnson, GH Galloway, KF Combs, WE AF Schmidt, DM Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Pease, RL Graves, RJ Johnson, GH Galloway, KF Combs, WE TI Comparison of ionizing-radiation-induced gain degradation in lateral, substrate, and vertical PNP BJTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE AB A comparison is presented of ionizing-radiation-induced gain degradation in lateral, substrate, and vertical PNPs. The dose-rate dependence of current gain degradation in lateral PNP BJTs is even stronger than the dependence previously reported for NPN BJTs. Various mechanisms are presented and their relative significance for gain degradation in the lateral, substrate, and vertical PNPs is discussed. A detailed comparison of the lateral and substrate PNP devices is given. The specific lateral and substrate devices considered here are fabricated in the same process and possess identical emitters. Even though these devices have identical emitters and undergo the same processing steps, the lateral devices degrade significantly more than the substrate devices. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RLP RES INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87122. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CRANE,IN 47522. RP Schmidt, DM (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 18 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1549 DI 10.1109/23.488748 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000003 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Sexton, FW Weatherford, TR McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Melinger, JS AF Schwank, JR Sexton, FW Weatherford, TR McMorrow, D Knudson, AR Melinger, JS TI Charge collection in GaAs MESFETs fabricated in semi-insulating substrates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE AB Charge-collection in GaAs MESFETs fabricated in semi-insulating substrates is investigated. Current transients are measured at short times (similar to few picoseconds) after either an alpha-particle strike or a laser pulse. In addition, the total charge is obtained by integrating the collected current. Measurements show the existence of three mechanisms for charge collection: 1) the drift of holes and electrons to the gate and drain electrodes, respectively, 2) bipolar-gain, and 3) channel-modulation. The charge collected by drift of holes or electrons gives rise to an instrument limited response (within 20 ps) after a laser pulse. The bipolar-gain mechanism peaks in approximately similar to 200 ps and is responsible for most of the collected charge. The channel-modulation mechanism is responsible for charge collection at longer times. These results are different than previous results for MESFETs fabricated on top of a buried p-layer, where most of the charge was found to be collected by the channel-modulation mechanism. Our results indicate that in order to harden GaAs transistors to single event upset, one must use techniques that reduce the effects of the bipolar-gain and channel-modulation mechanisms. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1585 EP 1591 DI 10.1109/23.488753 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000008 ER PT J AU Schrimpf, RD Graves, RJ Schmidt, DM Fleetwood, DM Pease, RL Combs, WE DeLaus, M AF Schrimpf, RD Graves, RJ Schmidt, DM Fleetwood, DM Pease, RL Combs, WE DeLaus, M TI Hardness-assurance issues for lateral PNP bipolar junction transistors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID DEVICE RESPONSE; X-RAY AB The dose-rate dependence of gain degradation in lateral PNP transistors is even stronger than the dependence previously reported for NPN BJTs. In this work, several hardness-assurance approaches are examined and compared to experimental results. obtained at low dose rates. The approaches considered include irradiation at high dose rates while at elevated temperature and high-dose-rate irradiation followed by annealing. The lateral PNP transistors continue to degrade during post-irradiation annealing, in sharp contrast to NPN devices studied previously. High-temperature conditions significantly increase the degradation during high-dose-rate irradiation, with the amount of degradation continuing to increase with temperature throughout the range studied here (up to 125 degrees C). The high-temperature degradation is nearly as great as that observed at very low dose rates, and is even greater when differences between Co-60 and x-ray irradiation are accounted for. Since high-temperature irradiation has previously been shown to enhance the degradation in NPN transistors, this appears to be a promising hardness-assurance approach for bipolar integrated circuits. Based on these results, preliminary testing recommendations are discussed. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RLP RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87122. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,CRANE,IN 47522. ANALOG DEVICES INC,WILMINGTON,MA 01887. RP Schrimpf, RD (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 18 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1641 EP 1649 DI 10.1109/23.488761 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000016 ER PT J AU Fleetwood, DM Warren, WL Schwank, JR Winokur, PS Shaneyfelt, MR Riewe, LC AF Fleetwood, DM Warren, WL Schwank, JR Winokur, PS Shaneyfelt, MR Riewe, LC TI Effects of interface traps and border traps on MOS postirradiation annealing response SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; SIO2 THIN-FILMS; SILICON DIOXIDE; POSITIVE CHARGE; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; ELECTRON INJECTION; E' CENTERS; X-RAY; GENERATION; STATES AB Threshold-voltage and charge-pumping measurements are combined to estimate densities of radiation-induced bulk-oxide, interface, and border traps in transistors with soft 45-nm oxides. Immediately after irradiation, nearly all effects usually attributed to interface traps are actually due to border traps in these devices. During positive-bias anneal at 80 degrees C, the interface-trap density grows by more than a factor of 10, and the border-trap density changes by less than 30%. The increase in interface-trap density is matched by a decrease in bulk-oxide-trap charge. This raises the possibility that slowly transporting or trapped protons in the oxide may be responsible for this effect. An alternate explanation is offered by H-cracking models. Latent ''interface-trap'' growth in harder 27.7-nm oxides is associated with (true) interface traps, not border traps. Switched-bias annealing of the soft 45-nm oxides reveals fast and slow border traps with different annealing responses. Trivalent Si defects associated with O vacancies in SiO2, the E(gamma)' center and the O3-xSixSi . family, are excellent candidates for slow and fast border traps, respectively. For O3-xSixSi . x = 0 is the E(x)' defect; x = 3 is the D center; and x = I or 2 have been proposed as candidates for the ((P-bl)) defect on (100) Si. A hydrogen-related complex (e. g., OH-) may also be a border trap. The practical significance of these results is discussed for (1) bias-temperature instabilities in thin oxides, (2) effects of burn-in on MOS radiation response, and (3) enhanced bipolar gain degradation at low dose rates. RP Fleetwood, DM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT 1332,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 87 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1698 EP 1707 DI 10.1109/23.488768 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000023 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Warren, WL Hetherington, DL Winokur, PS Reber, RA AF Shaneyfelt, MR Warren, WL Hetherington, DL Winokur, PS Reber, RA TI Radiation-induced defects in chemical-mechanical polished MOS oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID 100 SILICON-WAFERS; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; POINT-DEFECTS; PB CENTERS; TRAPS; RESONANCE; DEVICES; SIO2 AB Defect centers in chemical-mechanical polished MOS oxides generated by either x-ray irradiation or high-field stress have been characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance and C-V analysis. In x-ray irradiated samples equivalent densities of bath oxide trap E' and interface-trap P-b0 centers were detected in unpolished and polished oxides. In addition, significantly larger (6 times) densities of P-b1 centers were observed in irradiated chemical-mechanical polished oxides as opposed to unpolished oxides. This suggests that the polishing process alters the SiO2/Si interface. However, the P-b1 centers detected in these interface traps or border traps. This raises questions centers in these oxides. The high-field stress data samples do not respond electrically like conventional concerning the electrical and physical nature of P-b1 showed no difference in the density of defect centers induced in polished and unpolished oxides. P-b1 centers were not observed in either oxide following high-field stress. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1725 EP 1730 DI 10.1109/23.488771 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000026 ER PT J AU Warren, WL Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Winokur, PS Montague, S AF Warren, WL Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Winokur, PS Montague, S TI Electron and hole trapping in doped oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID SPIN-RESONANCE; DEFECT CENTERS; AMORPHOUS-SEMICONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE; DEVICES; SILICA; TRAPS; CAPACITORS; PHOSPHORUS AB An electron paramagnetic resonance, thermally stimulated current, and capacitance-voltage study has been carried out on phosphorus (PSG), boron (BSG), and boron and phosphorus (BPSG) co-doped oxide films on Si. The principal spin-active defects are the phosphorus-oxygen-hole-center (POHC) and the boron-oxygen-hole-center (BOHC), which are unpaired electrons on oxygen atoms with P or B in the near vicinity. The centers are activated by hole capture. We find that holes are trapped in the PSG, BSG, and BPSG dielectrics; however, hole trapping is most effective in the PSG and BPSG dielectrics. We find that electrons are trapped to differing extents in the doped films. The BPSG films are the most efficient in trapping electrons the PSG films are the least efficient. The electrical data can be explained by assuming that the precursor to the BOHC is negatively charged and the precursor to the POHC is electrically neutral. Last, the charge trapping properties of PSG, BSG, and BPSG dielectrics are compared and contrasted with those observed in thermally grown oxides. RP Warren, WL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1731 EP 1739 DI 10.1109/23.488772 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000027 ER PT J AU Dodd, PE Sexton, FW AF Dodd, PE Sexton, FW TI Critical charge concepts for CMOS SRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID SINGLE-EVENT VULNERABILITY; SEU; COLLECTION; SIMULATION; SILICON AB The dramatic effects of external circuit loading on the heavy-ion-induced charge-collection response of a struck transistor are illustrated using three-dimensional mixed-mode simulations. Simulated charge-collection and SEU characteristics of a CMOS SRAM cell indicate that, in some cases, more charge can be collected at sensitive nodes from strikes that do not cause upset than from strikes that do cause upset. Computations of critical charge must take into account the time during which charge is collected, not simply the total amount of charge collected. Model predictions of the incident linear energy transfer required to cause upset agree well with measured data for CMOS SRAMs, without parameter adjustments. The results show the absolute necessity of treating circuit effects in any realistic device simulation of single-event upset (SEU) in SRAMs. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 30 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1764 EP 1771 DI 10.1109/23.488777 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000032 ER PT J AU Normand, E Oberg, DL Wert, JL Majewski, PP Woffinden, GA Satoh, S Sasaki, K Tverskoy, MG Miroshkin, VV Goleminov, N Wender, SA Gavron, A AF Normand, E Oberg, DL Wert, JL Majewski, PP Woffinden, GA Satoh, S Sasaki, K Tverskoy, MG Miroshkin, VV Goleminov, N Wender, SA Gavron, A TI Comparison and implications of charge collection measurements in silicon and InGaAs irradiated by energetic protons and neutrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID SINGLE EVENT UPSETS AB A variety of charge collection measurements by energetic protons and neutrons have been measured and compared. These include deposition in: small silicon junctions, large volume American and Russian silicon surface barrier detectors, and InGaAs photodiodes. C1 AMDAHL CORP,SUNNYVALE,CA 94088. FUJITSU LABS LTD,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. FUJITSU LTD,ATSUGI,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. PETERSBURG NUCL PHYS INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. MOSCOW ENGN & PHYS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM. RP Normand, E (reprint author), BOEING CO,DEF & SPACE GRP,SEATTLE,WA 98124, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1815 EP 1822 DI 10.1109/23.488784 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000039 ER PT J AU Griffin, PJ Kelly, JG AF Griffin, PJ Kelly, JG TI A rigorous treatment of self-shielding and covers in neutron spectra determinations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID RESONANCE AB Most neutron spectrum determination methodologies ignore self-shielding effects in dosimetry foils and treat covers with an exponential attenuation model. This work provides a quantitative analysis of the approximations in this approach. It also provides a methodology for improving the fidelity of the treatment of the dosimetry sensor response to a level consistent with the user's spectrum characterization approach. A library of correction functions for the energy-dependent sensor response has been compiled that addresses dosimetry foils/configurations in use at the Sandia National Laboratories Radiation Metrology Laboratory. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1885 DI 10.1109/23.489230 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000048 ER PT J AU Bennion, JS Sandquist, GM Kelly, JG Griffin, PJ Sheehan, PS Saxey, BL AF Bennion, JS Sandquist, GM Kelly, JG Griffin, PJ Sheehan, PS Saxey, BL TI Characterization and qualification of a neutron irradiation environment for neutron hardness assurance testing of electronic devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID SILICON BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS AB Diagnostic experiments have been performed to characterize and validate a neutron irradiation environment for use as a calibrated neutron source for neutron hardness assurance testing. Facility qualification for a TRIGA nuclear reactor was achieved by comparing the neutron-induced displacement damage in divided-lots of Si-based electronic components irradiated to the same 1-MeV equivalent fluence at the candidate environment and at a qualified fast burst reactor facility. C1 UNIV UTAH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. TRW CO INC,STRATEG SYST DIV,OGDEN,UT 84403. RP Bennion, JS (reprint author), IDAHO STATE UNIV,COLL ENGN,POCATELLO,ID 83209, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1886 EP 1894 DI 10.1109/23.489231 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000049 ER PT J AU Lorence, LJ Kensek, RP Halbleib, JA Morel, JE AF Lorence, LJ Kensek, RP Halbleib, JA Morel, JE TI Adjoint electron-photon transport Monte Carlo calculations with ITS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE AB A general adjoint coupled electron-photon Monte Carlo code for solving the Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck equation has recently been created. It is a modified version of ITS 3.0, a coupled electron-photon Monte Carlo code that has worldwide distribution. The applicability of the new code to radiation-interaction problems of the type found in space environments is demonstrated. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Lorence, LJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1895 EP 1901 DI 10.1109/23.489232 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000050 ER PT J AU Sanford, TWL Halbleib, JA Cooperstein, G Weber, BV AF Sanford, TWL Halbleib, JA Cooperstein, G Weber, BV TI Potential enhancement of warm x-ray dose from a reflexing bremsstrahlung diode SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID FLASH AB The potential for generating intense bursts of warm x rays (20 to 60 keV) using electron reflexing diodes on pulsed-power accelerators is evaluated with the TIGER Monte Carlo code, showing that hundreds of kilojoules of warm x rays can be generated under idealized conditions, for a Jupiter (60-MA, 5-MV, 100-ns) class accelerator. The calculations are compared with data from Gamble-II experiments and applied to two suggested Jupiter diode configurations. If the simultaneous irradiation from the high-energy tail of the bremsstrahlung which accompanies the warm x rays is a concern, then the reflexing technique is shown to be limited to the irradiation of targets thinner than similar to 400 mu m for low-Z targets like aluminum and thinner than similar to 5 mu m for high-Z targets like gold. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP Sanford, TWL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1909 DI 10.1109/23.489233 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000051 ER PT J AU Sexton, FW Horn, KM Doyle, BL Shaneyfelt, MR Meisenheimer, TL AF Sexton, FW Horn, KM Doyle, BL Shaneyfelt, MR Meisenheimer, TL TI Effects of ion damage on IBICC and SEU imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID BEAM-INDUCED CHARGE; SINGLE EVENT UPSETS; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; COLLECTION AB The effect of displacement and ionizing dose damage on ion-beam-induced-charge-collection (IBICC) and single-event-upset (SEU) imaging are explored. IBICC imaging is not affected by ionizing dose damage, and its dependence on displacement damage is a complex function of the structure of the samples used in this study. Degradation of the IBICC signal is controlled by displacement damage that occurs at different rates in the heavily doped substrate and lightly doped epitaxial silicon layer, leading to a non-linear dependence of inverse degradation versus ion fluence. The effect of ion exposure on the electrical performance of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) static random access memories (SRAMs) is solely related to ionizing dose effects in the transistor oxides. With SEU imaging, we found that an additional region became sensitive to upset with ion fluence probably as a result of ionizing dose effects on the restoring transistors. Finally, SEU during IBICC imaging resulted in charge collection from both p-drains of a memory cell. Implications of damage on the use of these microbeam techniques are discussed. RP Sexton, FW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1940 EP 1947 DI 10.1109/23.489238 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000056 ER PT J AU Connell, LW Sexton, FW Prinja, AK AF Connell, LW Sexton, FW Prinja, AK TI Further development of the Heavy Ion Cross section for single event UPset: Model (HICUP) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 17-21, 1995 CL MADISON, WI SP IEEE ID CMOS SRAMS AB HICUP models the angular dependent heavy ion upset cross section. It pulls together many of the parameters and concepts used to characterize the Single Event Upset (SEU) phenomena, unifying them in a single cohesive model. HICUP is based on Rectangular Parallelepiped (RPP) geometry for the sensitive volume and the Weibull density function for the upset threshold energy. Excellent agreement is obtained between the model and heavy ion test data. HICUP is used to derive the correct scaling laws for transforming angular cross section data to normal incidence, reconciling two previously proposed inverse cosine scaling corrections. The angle-integrated HICUP model, I-HICUP, is used in Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) upset rate calculations with results nearly identical to the Space Radiation(TM) code. Letaw [12] has procuced an automated SEU parameter fitting routine based on HICUP and the chi(2) method. It ferrets out the best-fit critical SEU parameters embedded within the raw angular test data, including charge collection depth and funnel length. His method couples directly to the upset rate calculation in a self-consistent manner eliminating the need to arbitrarily assume a device depth. Results of this new procedure are presented. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Connell, LW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2026 EP 2034 DI 10.1109/23.489249 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN390 UT WOS:A1995TN39000067 ER PT J AU Britton, CL Wintenberg, AL Read, KF Clonts, LG Kennedy, EJ Smith, RS Swann, BK Musser, JA AF Britton, CL Wintenberg, AL Read, KF Clonts, LG Kennedy, EJ Smith, RS Swann, BK Musser, JA TI An analog random access memory in the AVLSI-RA process for an interpolating pad chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An analog memory for an interpolating pad chamber has been designed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and fabricated by Harris Semiconductor in the AVLSI-RA CMOS process, The goal was to develop a rad-hard analog pipeline that would deliver approximately 9-b performance, a readout settling time of 500 ns following read enable, an input and output dynamic range of +/- 2.25 V, a corrected rms pedestal of approximately 5 mV or less, and a power dissipation of less than 10 mW/channel. The pre- and post-radiation measurements to 5 MRad(1) are presented. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2255 EP 2259 DI 10.1109/23.489423 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN392 UT WOS:A1995TN39200013 ER PT J AU Citterio, M Rescia, S Radeka, V AF Citterio, M Rescia, S Radeka, V TI Radiation effects at cryogenic temperatures in Si-JFET, GaAs MESFET, and MOSFET devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CMOS TRANSISTORS; NOISE AB Front-end electronics for liquid ionization chamber calorimetry at hadron collider experiments may be exposed to substantial levels of ionizing radiation and neutron fluences in a cryogenic environment. Measurements of devices built with rad-hard technologies have shown that devices able to operate in these conditions exist. Several families of devices (Si-JFET's, rad-hard MOSFET's, and GaAs MESFET's) have been irradiated and tested at a stable cryogenic temperature up to doses of 55 Mrad of ionizing radiation and up to neutron fluences of 4 x 10(14) n/cm(2), Radiation effects on de characteristics and on noise will be presented. RP Citterio, M (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2266 EP 2270 DI 10.1109/23.489425 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN392 UT WOS:A1995TN39200015 ER PT J AU Turko, BT Yates, GJ Albright, KL Pena, CR AF Turko, BT Yates, GJ Albright, KL Pena, CR TI High-speed camera with a back-thinned 16-port frame transfer CCD sensor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A high-frame-rate CCD camera is described, based on the a new, back-thinned, 512x512 pixel frame transfer sensor with 16 video ports, The sensor allows for imaging beyond the visible range within a large dynamic range, Circuits for testing and evaluation of the sensor over a large range of charge transfer clock frequencies and the measured data are presented, The performance of the device when driven to the readout speed limit is also discussed. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. RP Turko, BT (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2327 EP 2330 DI 10.1109/23.489436 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN392 UT WOS:A1995TN39200026 ER PT J AU Zeng, GL Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Zeng, GL Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI Using linear time-invariant system theory to estimate kinetic parameters directly from projection measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PET AB It is common practice to estimate kinetic parameters from dynamically acquired tomographic data by first reconstructing a dynamic sequence of three-dimensional reconstructions and then fitting the parameters to time activity curves generated from the time-varying reconstructed images, However, in SPE;CT, the pharmaceutical distribution can change during the acquisition of a complete tomographic data set, which can bias the estimated kinetic parameters, It is hypothesized that more accurate estimates of the kinetic parameters can be obtained by fitting to the projection measurements instead of the reconstructed time sequence, Estimation from projections requires the knowledge of their relationship between the tissue regions of interest or voxels with particular kinetic parameters and the projection measurements, which results in a complicated nonlinear estimation problem with a series of exponential factors with multiplicative coefficients, A technique is presented in this paper where the exponential decay parameters are estimated separately using linear time-invariant system theory, Once the exponential factors are known, the coefficients of the exponentials can be estimated using linear estimation techniques, Computer simulations demonstrate that estimation of the kinetic parameters directly from the projections is more accurate than the estimation from the reconstructed images. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Zeng, GL (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT RADIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132, USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2339 EP 2346 DI 10.1109/23.489438 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN392 UT WOS:A1995TN39200028 ER PT J AU Borel, H Grenier, P LeMeur, J Lombard, R Logol, JC Marroncle, J Morgenstern, J Mouly, JP Paul, B Staley, F Terrien, Y Breton, V Comptour, C Crouau, M Fonvielle, H Roblin, Y Savinel, G Gearhart, R AF Borel, H Grenier, P LeMeur, J Lombard, R Logol, JC Marroncle, J Morgenstern, J Mouly, JP Paul, B Staley, F Terrien, Y Breton, V Comptour, C Crouau, M Fonvielle, H Roblin, Y Savinel, G Gearhart, R TI Shower counters for SLAG experiments E142/E143 (vol 42, pg 529, 1995) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV CLERMONT FERRAND,IN2P3,LPC,CNRS,F-63170 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. RP Borel, H (reprint author), CENS,CEA,DAPNIA,SPHN,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 42 IS 6 BP 2347 EP 2348 DI 10.1109/TNS.1995.489439 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA TN392 UT WOS:A1995TN39200029 ER PT J AU HEGER, AS BHAT, JK STACK, DW TALBOTT, DV AF HEGER, AS BHAT, JK STACK, DW TALBOTT, DV TI CALCULATING EXACT TOP-EVENT PROBABILITIES USING SIGMA-PI-PATREC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE EXACT TOP-EVENT EVALUATION; PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT; SHANNONS THEOREM ID ALGORITHMS; TREES AB This paper presents a method for calculating top-event exact probability. This responds to a surge in the application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques to ecological and weapon safety assessments. In these domains, basic-event probabilities can be large; events characterizing human error and some natural phenomena are typical examples. Current quantification methods in PRA that are based on approximate methods can therefore be inappropriate in these cases and can lead to erroneous, overly conservative results. Specialized techniques for exact top-event probability quantification exist, but they are limited to small problems that do not reflect realistic PRA. The method described herein combines Sigma II algorithm of Corynen and the pattern recognition scheme of Koen et al. The PC-based program that is developed using this method is called Sigma II-Partrec and computes the exact probability of top-event of a system fault-tree model as defined by its cut sets. The Sigma II module partitions & disjoints the cut sets and solves the resultant sub-models recursively. The pattern recognition module reduces the computational complexity by recognizing repeated evaluations. Sigma II-Patrec is designed to quantify the fault-tree models of both coherent and incoherent systems, and interfaces with the graphic package, SEATREE, for interactive generation of fault trees. The input to Sigma II-Partrec is a collection of cut sets in disjunctive normal form and need not be minimal. In the anticipated case, the Sigma II method of evaluation of exact top-event probability is polynomial in the number of cut sets; it can however, be weakly exponential in the worst case. Either way, this method results in a substantial reduction in computation requirements compared to the inclusion-exclusion method. The algorithm is described through an example problem. The results of several experiments with large accident sequence are also presented. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP HEGER, AS (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,FEC 247,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 4 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1109/24.475994 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA TG939 UT WOS:A1995TG93900016 ER PT J AU Brislawn, CM AF Brislawn, CM TI Preservation of subband symmetry in multirate signal coding SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Letter AB This correspondence derives necessary and sufficient conditions for a multirate linear phase FIR tilter bank, acting on a symmetrically extended finite-length input signal, to produce either symmetric or antisymmetric downsampled subbands. Such techniques have gained popularity recently for image coding applications, and we provide the solution to a key technical problem in terms of the input and filter symmetries and the downsampling ratio. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 43 IS 12 BP 3046 EP 3050 DI 10.1109/78.476454 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA TP317 UT WOS:A1995TP31700033 ER PT J AU WOODALL, WH THOMAS, EV AF WOODALL, WH THOMAS, EV TI STATISTICAL PROCESS-CONTROL WITH SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF COMMON-CAUSE VARIABILITY SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID CONTROL SCHEMES; SAMPLES; CUSUM AB The most commonly used model of 'statistical control' for industrial production processes is that observations taken over time are independent and identically distributed. Thus, for example, the estimate of variability used to establish Shewhart (X) over bar-chart control limits is almost always based on within-subgroup variability. We review and present generalizations of this in-control model to include multiple components of common cause variability, such as batch-to-batch variability. An example involving integrated circuit processing, with three components of variability, is given to illustrate the proposed techniques. The usefulness of the multivari chart is emphasized. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP WOODALL, WH (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35487, USA. RI Woodall, William/A-8094-2009 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 6 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1080/07408179508936792 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA TH693 UT WOS:A1995TH69300007 ER PT J AU Hodgson, AT AF Hodgson, AT TI A review and a limited comparison of methods for measuring total volatile organic compounds in indoor air SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE total volatile organic compounds; TVOC; volatile organic compounds; VOCs; flame-ionization detection; GC/MS; infra-red gas monitor ID SAMPLER AB Numerous methods attempt to measure the combined concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air as total VOCs (TVOC). This paper reviews TVOC methods recently presented in the literature and at an international conference on indoor air quality, for the purpose of identifying common practices and of assessing the impacts that choices of sample collection media and analytical methods and instrumentation can have on TVOC results. The paper also presents the results of laboratory and field comparison of three TVOC methods. These are a flame-ionization-detector (FID) method a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method, and a method employing a photoacoustic infrared (IR) gas monitor. The laboratory experiments were conducted with eight different mixtures of VOCs. The FID method demonstrated an average accuracy of 93+/-18 percent when the measured values were calculated as concentrations of carbon. The FID and GC/MS methods demonstrated average accuracies of 77+/-37 and 75+/-22 percent, respectively, when the measured hydrocarbon-equivalent values were compared to the expected mass concentrations of the mixtures. The higher uncertainty for the FID was largely due to the low mass response of 27 percent for chlorinated compounds. The response of the IR gas monitor varied between 6 and 560 percent for different classes of compounds. Air samples from ten buildings were analyzed by both the FID and GC/MS methods. The results were highly correlated and similar, with the GC/MS values approximately 20 percent higher on average. RP Hodgson, AT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS 4 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.00004.x PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TL609 UT WOS:A1995TL60900004 ER PT J AU TILSON, JL AF TILSON, JL TI MASSIVELY-PARALLEL SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD CALCULATIONS SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Chemistry and Its Industrial Applications, at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY NOV, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB The advent of supercomputers with many computational nodes each with its own independent memory makes possible very fast computations. Our work is focused on the development of electronic structure techniques for the solution of Grand Challenge-size molecules containing hundreds of atoms. Our efforts have resulted in a scalable direct-SCF (self-consistent-field) Fock matrix construction kernel that is portable and efficient. Good parallel performance is obtained by allowing asynchronous communications and using a distributed data model. These requirements are easily handled by using the Global Array (GA) software library developed for this project. This algorithm has been incorporated into the new program NWChem. RP TILSON, JL (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 4161 EP 4165 DI 10.1021/ie00039a002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TH193 UT WOS:A1995TH19300003 ER PT J AU TIRTOWIDJOJO, MM COLEGROVE, BT DURANT, JL AF TIRTOWIDJOJO, MM COLEGROVE, BT DURANT, JL TI TRANSITION-STATE AND G2Q ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBON RADICAL REACTIONS WITH CL-2 SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational Chemistry and Its Industrial Applications, at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY NOV, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers ID MOLECULAR CHLORINE; ETHYL RADICALS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; KINETICS; METHYL; ISOPROPYL; BARRIERS AB A combination of ab initio quantum mechanics (QM) and transition state (TS) theory has been used to predict the preexponential factors (k(0)'s) for reactions of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, and propargyl radicals with Cl-2. The QM UHF/6-31G* and QCISD/6-311G** calculations show that the TS structures and vibrational frequencies associated with the C-Cl-Cl reaction center are similar for all reactions considered. This supports the thermochemical hypothesis of a tight TS that suggests those reaction centers of other R(.) + Cl-2 --> RCl + Cl-. reactions should have similar properties. Using the calculated k(0)'s, the activation energies at 0 K (E(0)'s) for the reactions considered are derived from known data. The predicted k(0)'s are in good agreement with the methyl and propargyl radicals' reaction rate data but are in poor agreement with ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl radical data that are indicated by unrealistically negative E(0)'s. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,CTR COMBUST & MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP TIRTOWIDJOJO, MM (reprint author), DOW CHEM CO USA,FREEPORT,TX 77541, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 4202 EP 4211 DI 10.1021/ie00039a008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TH193 UT WOS:A1995TH19300009 ER PT J AU MOSTAFA, ATMG EAKMAN, JM YARBRO, SL AF MOSTAFA, ATMG EAKMAN, JM YARBRO, SL TI PREDICTION OF STANDARD HEATS AND GIBBS FREE-ENERGIES OF FORMATION OF SOLID INORGANIC SALTS FROM GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A group contribution method to predict Delta H-f(298) and Delta G(f)(298) for solid inorganic salts is developed. The proposed method provides additivity constants of 23 anions, 136 cations, and 5 ligand molecules for Delta H-f(298) and 21 anions, 126 cations, and 3 ligand molecules for Delta G(f)(298). The analysis is done by data regression for Delta H-f(298) of 938 and Delta G(f)(298) of 687 solid inorganic compounds. Predictions of Delta H-f(298) and Delta G(f)(298) have a mean error of 2.57%, and 2.60%, respectively. Estimates of the relative errors for each additivity constant are also determined. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,DEPT 3805,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 34 IS 12 BP 4577 EP 4582 DI 10.1021/ie00039a053 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA TH193 UT WOS:A1995TH19300054 ER PT J AU Shen, JK Kubas, GJ Rheingold, AL AF Shen, JK Kubas, GJ Rheingold, AL TI Kinetics and mechanisms of ligand substitution reactions of molybdenum SO2 complexes. Synthesis and X-ray structure of trans-Mo(CO)(2)(dmpe)(PPh(3))(SO2) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE kinetics and mechanism; ligand substitution reactions; crystal structures; molybdenum complexes; sulfur dioxide complexes ID SULFUR DIOXIDE COMPLEXES; PHOSPHORUS LIGANDS; CIS LABILIZATION; DISSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Kinetic results are reported for intramolecular PPh(3) substitution reactions of Mo(CO)(2)(eta(1)-L)(PPh(3))(2)(SO2) to form Mo(CO)(2)(eta(2)-L)(PPh(3))(SO2)(L = dmpe = (Me)(2)PC2H4P(Me)(2) and dppe = Ph(2)PC(2)H(4)PPh(2)) in THF solvent, and for intermolecular SO2 substitutions in Mo(CO)(3)(eta(2)-L)(eta(2)-SO2)(L = 2,2'-bipyridine, dppe) with phosphorus ligands in CH2Cl2 solvent. Activation parameters for intramolecular PPh(3) substitution reactions: Delta H double dagger values are 12.3 kcal/mol for dmpe and 16.7 kcal/mol for dppe; Delta S double dagger values are - 30.3 cal/mol K for dmpe and similar to 16.4 cal/mol K for dppe. These results are consistent with an intramolecular associative mechanism. Substitutions of SO2 in Mo(CO)(3)(eta(2)-L)(eta(2)-SO2) complexes proceed byboth dissociative and associative mechanisms. The facile associative pathways for the reactions are discussed in terms of the ability of SO2 to accept a pair of electrons from the metal, with its bonding transformation of eta(2)-SO2 to eta(1)-pyramidal SO2, maintaining a stable 18-e count for the complex in its reaction transition state. The structure of Mo(CO)(2)(dmpe)(PPh(3))(SO2) was determined crystallographically: P2(1)/c, a = 9.311(1), b = 16.344(2), c = 18.830(2) Angstrom, beta = 91.04(1)degrees,V = 2865.1(7) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, R(F) = 3.49%. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAT & CHEM DESIGN GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT CHEM,NEWARK,DE 19716. RP Shen, JK (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,2145 SHERIDAN RD,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 240 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0020-1693(95)04649-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA TV742 UT WOS:A1995TV74200015 ER PT J AU Rudd, JA Angelici, RJ AF Rudd, JA Angelici, RJ TI Olefin versus sulfur coordination of benzo[b]thiophene (BT) in Cp(CO)(2)Re(eta(2):eta(6)-mu(2)-BT)Cr(CO)(3) SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE rhenium complexes; chromium complexes; carbonyl complexes; benzothiophene complexes; hydrodesulfurization ID (ETA-5-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)RHODIUM TRIS(ACETONITRILE) DICATION; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC-HYDROGENATION; REGIOSELECTIVE REDUCTIONS; IRIDIUM COMPLEXES; CP'(CO)2RE(BT); PRECURSOR; RUTHENIUM; RHODIUM; MODELS AB Reactions of Cr(CO)(3)(eta(6)-BT), in which the Cris pi-coordinated to the benzene ring of benzo [b] thiophene (BT), with Cp' (CO),Re(THF), where Cp' = eta(5)-C5H5 or eta(5)-C(5)Me(5), give the products Cp'(CO)(2)Re(eta(2):eta(6)-mu(2)-BT)Cr(CO)(3) in which the Cr remains coordinated to the benzene rin g and Re is bound to the C(2)=C(3) double bond. An X-ray diffraction study of Cp(CO)(2)Re(eta(2):eta(6)-mu(2)-BT)Cr(CO)(3) (3) provides details of the geometry. This structure contrasts with that of the Cp'(CO),Re(BT) complexes that exist as mixtures of isomers in which the BT is coordinated to the Re through either the double bond (2,3-eta(2)) Or the sulfur (eta(1)(S)). Thus, the electron-withdrawing Cr(CO)(3) group in 3 stabilizes the 2,3-eta(2) mode of BT coordination to the Cp'(CO)(2)Re fragment. Implications of these results for catalytic hydrodesulfurization of BT are discussed. Crystal data for 3: triclinic, space group P (1) over bar, a = 6.716(2), b = 11.651 (2), c = 11.956(2) Angstrom, alpha = 70.20(2),beta = 74.84(2), gamma = 89.90(2)degrees, Z= 2. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD DEC PY 1995 VL 240 IS 1-2 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1016/0020-1693(95)04559-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA TV742 UT WOS:A1995TV74200050 ER PT J AU GLARBORG, P DAMJOHANSEN, K MILLER, JA AF GLARBORG, P DAMJOHANSEN, K MILLER, JA TI THE REACTION OF AMMONIA WITH NITROGEN-DIOXIDE IN A FLOW REACTOR - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NH2+NO2 REACTION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC DATA EVALUATION; GAS-PHASE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; IUPAC SUBCOMMITTEE; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; NITRIC-OXIDE; COMBUSTION; NO2; NH2 AB The NH3/NO2 system has been investigated experimentally in an isothermal flow reactor in the temperature range 850-1350 X. The experimental data were interpreted in terms of a detailed reaction mechanism. The flow reactor results, supported by a theoretical analysis of the NH2-NO2 complex, suggest that the NH2 + NO2 reaction has two major product channels, both proceeding without activation barriers: (R20) NH2 reversible arrow N2O + H2O (R20) NH2 reversible arrow H2NO + NO Our findings indicate that the N2O + H2O channel is dominant at low temperatures while H2NO + NO dominates at high temperatures. The rate constant for reaction (R21) is estimated to be 3.5 . 10(12) cm(3)/mol-s in the temperature range studied with an uncertainty of a factor of 3. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP GLARBORG, P (reprint author), TECH UNIV DENMARK,DEPT CHEM ENGN,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. NR 31 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1207 EP 1220 DI 10.1002/kin.550271207 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA TG725 UT WOS:A1995TG72500006 ER PT J AU DRAPER, JV AF DRAPER, JV TI TELEOPERATORS FOR ADVANCED MANUFACTURING - APPLICATIONS AND HUMAN-FACTORS CHALLENGES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN FACTORS IN MANUFACTURING LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE; MOVEMENTS; SYSTEMS AB Advanced manufacturing systems integrate human workers with computers, automation, and robots. However, they do not often include a class of robotic device called a teleoperator. Teleoperators are human-robot systems that combine powerful human perceptual and problem-solving capabilities with the hardiness of machines. Therefore, they are more capable of interacting with dynamic environments than autonomous robots and yet insulate the human user from hazards in the work environment. The aims of this paper are to (1) introduce the reader to teleoperators and show how they might find a niche in advanced manufacturing systems and (2) discuss the human factors challenges presented by teleoperation. The paper concentrates on the existing state-of-the-art, including examples of the capabilities of existing teleoperator technology and current challenges in teleoperator human-machine interfaces. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP DRAPER, JV (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ROBOT & PROC SYST,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 116 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1045-2699 J9 INT J HUM FACTOR MAN JI Int. J. Hum. Factor Manuf. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 5 IS 1 BP 53 EP 85 DI 10.1002/hfm.4530050105 PG 33 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA PY122 UT WOS:A1995PY12200004 ER PT J AU Hara, K Sun, Y AF Hara, K Sun, Y TI Projected shell model and high-spin spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM PROJECTION; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; QUASIPARTICLE CONFIGURATION-SPACES; QUANTUM NUMBER PROJECTION; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; GYROMAGNETIC RATIOS; COULOMB-EXCITATION; ROTATIONAL BANDS; MASS NUCLEI; YB-NUCLEI AB Most of the nuclei in the nuclear chart are deformed except for those in the vicinity of the magic numbers. It is difficult to treat such nuclei within the framework of the standard (spherical) shell model. On the other hand, the necessity for a proper quantum mechanical treatment of high-spin states has been steadily growing ever since modern experimental techniques made it possible to measure the fine details of the high-spin states of heavy nuclei. The present article reviews an approach based on the angular momentum projection technique which was initiated in the late seventies for the purpose of carrying out shell model configuration mixing calculations efficiently. A large number of examples is presented with an emphasis on the physical interpretation of the numerical results. Computing time for the whole spectrum up to spin approximate to 40 of an axially symmetric rare-earth nucleus takes only a few minutes on a Mainframe, showing the efficiency of the method. Most of the present calculations were carried out on a Workstation, but computation on a modern PC also presents no problem, so that one can enjoy a genuine quantum mechanical analysis of high-spin data using a facility available everywhere. Detailed technical information which may be useful for programming purposes is given in an Appendix. C1 DREXEL UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ATMOSPHER SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,JOINT INST HEAVY ION RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Hara, K (reprint author), TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. RI Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015 NR 133 TC 337 Z9 362 U1 2 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 637 EP 785 DI 10.1142/S0218301395000250 PG 149 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA TM813 UT WOS:A1995TM81300001 ER PT J AU Paquet, F Poncy, JL Metivier, H Grillon, G Fritsch, P Burgada, R Bailly, T Raymond, KN Durbin, PW AF Paquet, F Poncy, JL Metivier, H Grillon, G Fritsch, P Burgada, R Bailly, T Raymond, KN Durbin, PW TI Efficacy of 3,4,3-LIHOPO for enhancing the excretion of plutonium from rat after simulated wound contamination as a tributyl-n-phosphate complex SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS-INJECTION; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; DFO-HOPO; DTPA-DX; INHALATION; LIGANDS; PU-238; DECORPORATION; ACTINIDES; RETENTION AB The siderophone analogue 3,4,3-LIHOPO, referred to hereafter as LIHOPO, has been examined for its ability to remove Pu-238 in a tributyl-n-phosphate (TBP) complex from rat after intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) contamination. The chelating agent was administered at a dosage of 30 mu mol.kg(-1), 30 min after the contamination, either by intravenous (i.v.) or local injection. By day 7 after exposure, local (i.m.) administration of LIHOPO reduced the amounts of i.m.-injected Pu-238 in, the wound site, skeleton and liver to 75, 20 and 25% respectively of those in untreated animals. At the i.m. Pu wound site, local treatment was superior to i.v. treatment; both ligands were equally effective. At the s.c. Pu wound site, local and systemic treatments were equally effective and LIHOPO was superior to DTPA. After translocation, LIHOPO was the most effective treatment for enhancing Pu excretion, whatever the route of contamination and treatment: the administration of LIHOPO and DTPA reduced whole-body Pu retention by a factor 1.8 and 1.4 respectively. All these results are encouraging for the use of LIHOPO in the future but more studies are needed, concerning both the toxicity of the compound and its use in man. C1 INST PROTECT & SURETE NUCL,F-92265 FONTENAY ROSES,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,LAB CHIM ORGANOELEMENTS,F-75252 PARIS,FRANCE. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 68 IS 6 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1080/09553009514551671 PG 6 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA TP268 UT WOS:A1995TP26800009 PM 8551109 ER PT J AU Streets, D Chung, C Su, H AF Streets, D Chung, C Su, H TI Remote sensing of global change: Growth in China's Jiangsu province SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; sustainable development; China; land use; urban development; agricultural production; industrial development ID SPOT AB This paper examines how remote-sensing data and regional social and economic data can be used together to identify changes in land-use patterns in particular regions. Study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of remote-sensing data can identify trends in competing uses of land, water and other natural resources for agriculture, industrial development and urban settlements. When combined with information on trends in industrial production, population, agricultural production, pollutant releases, water usage and natural forest coverage, these data reveal patterns of anthropogenic disturbance that can provide early signals of problems in resource decline or land-use management. This study focuses on land-cover changes in southern Jiangsu Province of the People's Republic of China between 1976 and 1984. This region, to the west of Shanghai and to the south of the Yangtze River, experienced unprecedented economic growth after the end of the Cultural Revolution. Remote-sensing imagery reveals the rapid growth of urban centres, commensurate declines in surface water area, and changing patterns of agriculture. The observed changes cast doubt on the ability of the region to sustain such rapid and intense land-use conflicts over a long period. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM ASSESSMENT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Streets, D (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV DECIS & INFORMAT SCI,DIS-900,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE, ENGLAND LA6 2LA SN 1350-4509 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 257 EP 266 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TL582 UT WOS:A1995TL58200003 ER PT J AU TEDESCHI, WJ AF TEDESCHI, WJ TI DEFLECTING ASTEROIDS SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP TEDESCHI, WJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,TECH STAFF,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD WIN PY 1995 VL 11 IS 2 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA QC411 UT WOS:A1995QC41100009 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Shenoy, SR Bishop, AR Wu, Y Lookman, T AF Saxena, A Shenoy, SR Bishop, AR Wu, Y Lookman, T TI A model of shape memory materials with hierarchical twinning: Statics and dynamics SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformation (ICOMAT 95) CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, SATW, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Ville Lausanne, AMT, Adv Mat & Technol, Agfa Gevaert AG, Switzerland, Furukawa Elect Co, Japan, Leica Microscopy & Sci Instruments Grp, Switzerland, Microfil Ind SA, Switzerland, Raychem, Med Div, USA, Scandinavian Mem Met, Sweden, Shape Mem Applicat Inc, USA, Steiger SA, Switzerland, Swiss Bank Corp, Shape Mem & Superelast Technol Comm, USA, Thomas Bolton Ltd, G B, TiNi Alloy, Co, USA ID TRANSFORMATIONS; MARTENSITES; PRECURSORS; TWEED; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; BOUNDARIES; INTERFACE AB We consider a model of shape memory materials in which hierarchical twinning near the habit plane (austenite-martensite interface) is a new and crucial ingredient. The model includes (1) a triple-well potential (phi(6) model) in local shear strain, (2) strain gradient terms up to second order in strain and fourth order in gradient, and (3) all symmetry allowed compositional fluctuation-induced strain gradient terms. The last term favors hierarchy which enables communication between macroscopic (cm) and microscopic (A) regions essential for shape memory. Hierarchy also stabilizes tweed formation (cries-cross patterns of twins). External stress or pressure modulates (''patterns'') the spacing of domain walls. Therefore the ''pattern'' is encoded in the modulated hierarchical variation of the depth and width of the twins. This hierarchy of length scales provides a related hierarchy of time scales and thus the possibility of non-exponential decay. The four processes of the complete shape memory cycle-write, record, erase and recall-are explained within this model. Preliminary results based on 2D molecular dynamics are shown for tweed and hierarchy formation. C1 UNIV HYDERABAD,SCH PHYS,HYDERABAD 500134,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. INT CTR THEORET PHYS,I-34100 TRIESTE,ITALY. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT APPL MATH,LONDON,ON N6A 5B7,CANADA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS C8 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1051/jp4:1995814 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TY982 UT WOS:A1995TY98200015 ER PT J AU Hatch, DM Hu, P Saxena, A Barsch, GR AF Hatch, DM Hu, P Saxena, A Barsch, GR TI Landau-Ginzburg model of interphase boundaries in CsCl-type ferroelastics due to M(5)(-) mode instability: LaAg1-xInx SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformation (ICOMAT 95) CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, SATW, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Ville Lausanne, AMT, Adv Mat & Technol, Agfa Gevaert AG, Switzerland, Furukawa Elect Co, Japan, Leica Microscopy & Sci Instruments Grp, Switzerland, Microfil Ind SA, Switzerland, Raychem, Med Div, USA, Scandinavian Mem Met, Sweden, Shape Mem Applicat Inc, USA, Steiger SA, Switzerland, Swiss Bank Corp, Shape Mem & Superelast Technol Comm, USA, Thomas Bolton Ltd, G B, TiNi Alloy, Co, USA AB We have constructed a Landau-Ginzburg model of ferroelastic domain walls in the tetragonal phase of CsCl-type intermetallic compounds. This improper ferroelastic phase transition is driven by the condensation of a degenerate zone-edge phonon mode of M(5)(-) symmetry and can be described by a six-component order parameter. Analytic and numerical kink-type soliton solutions for the order parameter profile and the strain distribution are obtained for three different interphase boundaries: a twin boundary and two antiphase boundaries. The stability, merging and splitting of various domain types are also studied. Specifically, a symmetry-allowed product phase of I4/mmm (D-4h(17)) symmetry has been experimentally observed in pseudobinary rare earth alloys of composition RAg(1-x) In-x (R=La, Ce, Pr) and in related systems (YCu, LaCd). C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. PENN STATE UNIV,MAT RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Hatch, DM (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS C8 BP 131 EP 136 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TY982 UT WOS:A1995TY98200016 ER PT J AU Dunand, DC Mari, D Bourke, MAM Goldstone, JA AF Dunand, DC Mari, D Bourke, MAM Goldstone, JA TI Neutron diffraction study of NiTi during compressive deformation and after shape-memory recovery SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformation (ICOMAT 95) CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, SATW, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Ville Lausanne, AMT, Adv Mat & Technol, Agfa Gevaert AG, Switzerland, Furukawa Elect Co, Japan, Leica Microscopy & Sci Instruments Grp, Switzerland, Microfil Ind SA, Switzerland, Raychem, Med Div, USA, Scandinavian Mem Met, Sweden, Shape Mem Applicat Inc, USA, Steiger SA, Switzerland, Swiss Bank Corp, Shape Mem & Superelast Technol Comm, USA, Thomas Bolton Ltd, G B, TiNi Alloy, Co, USA ID MARTENSITIC-TRANSFORMATION; NICKEL-TITANIUM; ALLOY AB Neutron diffraction measurements of internal elastic strains and texture were performed during uniaxial compressive deformation of martensitic NiTi. Rietveld refinement of the diffraction spectra was performed in order to obtain lattice parameter variations and preferred orientation of martensitic variants during deformation. The elastic internal strain is proportional to the externally applied stress but strongly dependent on crystallographic orientation. Plastic deformation by matrix twinning is consistent with Type I (1-1-1) twinning, whereby (100) and (011) planes tend to align perpendicular and parallel to the load axis, respectively. The preferred orientation ratio according to the model by March and Dollase is found to be proportional to the macroscopic plastic strain for (100) and (011) planes for loading, unloading and shape-memory recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in situ bulk measurement of reversible twinning in NiTi. Finally, shape-memory recovery results in a marked change of NiTi cell parameters. C1 MIT,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LANSCE,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS C8 BP 653 EP 658 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TX213 UT WOS:A1995TX21300020 ER PT J AU Jurado, M Manosa, L GonzalezComas, A Stassis, C Planes, A AF Jurado, M Manosa, L GonzalezComas, A Stassis, C Planes, A TI Atomic order and martensitic transformation in Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloys SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformation (ICOMAT 95) CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, SATW, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Ville Lausanne, AMT, Adv Mat & Technol, Agfa Gevaert AG, Switzerland, Furukawa Elect Co, Japan, Leica Microscopy & Sci Instruments Grp, Switzerland, Microfil Ind SA, Switzerland, Raychem, Med Div, USA, Scandinavian Mem Met, Sweden, Shape Mem Applicat Inc, USA, Steiger SA, Switzerland, Swiss Bank Corp, Shape Mem & Superelast Technol Comm, USA, Thomas Bolton Ltd, G B, TiNi Alloy, Co, USA ID ENTROPY CHANGE; ZN; TRANSITION AB We have investigated the influence of quenches that modify the degree of atomic order on the martensitic transformation of Cu-Al-Be alloys by calorimetric, ultrasonic and neutron scattering techniques. The changes in the thermodynamic quantities and elastic constants induced by changes in the degree of order have been compared to reported results for Cu-Zn-Al alloys. CU-Al-Be has been found to behave differently than Cu-Zn-Al. Some hypothesis accounting for these differences are envisaged. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Jurado, M (reprint author), FAC FIS,DEPT ECM,DIAGONAL 647,E-08028 BARCELONA,CATALONIA,SPAIN. RI Manosa, Lluis/D-8579-2014; Planes, Antoni/O-1904-2015 OI Manosa, Lluis/0000-0002-1182-2670; Planes, Antoni/0000-0001-5213-5714 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 1995 VL 5 IS C8 BP 973 EP 978 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA TX213 UT WOS:A1995TX21300073 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Shapiro, SM Wochner, P Schwartz, A Wall, M Tanner, LE AF Zheludev, A Shapiro, SM Wochner, P Schwartz, A Wall, M Tanner, LE TI Phase transformation and phonon anomalies in Ni2MnGa SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Martensitic Transformation (ICOMAT 95) CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Acad Sci, SANW, Swiss Acad Engn Sci, SATW, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Canton Vaud, Ville Lausanne, AMT, Adv Mat & Technol, Agfa Gevaert AG, Switzerland, Furukawa Elect Co, Japan, Leica Microscopy & Sci Instruments Grp, Switzerland, Microfil Ind SA, Switzerland, Raychem, Med Div, USA, Scandinavian Mem Met, Sweden, Shape Mem Applicat Inc, USA, Steiger SA, Switzerland, Swiss Bank Corp, Shape Mem & Superelast Technol Comm, USA, Thomas Bolton Ltd, G B, TiNi Alloy, Co, USA ID TRANSITIONS; ALLOYS AB Inelastic neutron scattering experiments and transmission electron microscopy have been used to study a single crystal of the Ni2MnGa shape memory Heusler alloy in a wide temperature range covering the parent phase (T>T-1=265 K), a recently discovered premartensitic (T-1>T>T-M) and martensitic (T2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TJ417 UT WOS:A1995TJ41700016 ER PT J AU PROIETTI, MG TURCHINI, S GARCIA, J LAMBLE, G MARTELLI, F PROSPERI, T AF PROIETTI, MG TURCHINI, S GARCIA, J LAMBLE, G MARTELLI, F PROSPERI, T TI GLANCING-ANGLE EXTENDED X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE STUDY OF STRAINED INGAAS/GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; RANDOM SOLID-SOLUTIONS; GA1-XINXAS; REGIONS; LASERS; LAYERS AB The structural properties of strained InGaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(100) substrates, have been studied by glancing-angle extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), The very low incidence angle of the x-ray beam on the sample makes it possible to collect the signal coming from a thin quasi-surface layer allowing the study of a single strained sample built up by only 6 ML of InGaAs. The EXAFS results show that a slight deformation of the first shell Ga-As distance occurs and that the strain is accommodated also by bond-bending mechanism as deduced by the second and third coordination shells analysis. The lattice expands in the growth direction in agreement within the limits predicted by the elastic theory. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 CNR,ICMAT,AREA RIC ROMA,I-00016 MONTEROTONDO,ITALY. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. FDN UGO BORDONI,I-00142 ROME,ITALY. RP PROIETTI, MG (reprint author), UNIV ZARAGOZA,CSIC,FAC CIENCIAS,ICMA,PZA S FRANCISCO SN,E-50009 ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. RI Martelli, Faustino/C-8015-2011; Garcia, Joaquin/G-9957-2015; OI Martelli, Faustino/0000-0002-4496-4165; Garcia, Joaquin/0000-0002-7252-3471; Proietti Cecconi, Maria Grazia/0000-0003-4079-2658; Turchini, Stefano/0000-0003-0122-0614 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 11 BP 6574 EP 6583 DI 10.1063/1.360478 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH851 UT WOS:A1995TH85100033 ER PT J AU MADER, KA WANG, LW ZUNGER, A AF MADER, KA WANG, LW ZUNGER, A TI ELECTRONIC CONSEQUENCES OF RANDOM LAYER-THICKNESS FLUCTUATIONS IN ALAS/GAAS SUPERLATTICES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED SUPERLATTICES; GAAS/ALAS SUPERLATTICES; QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACES; ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; 001 SUPERLATTICES; GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EPITAXY; SYSTEMS AB We study the effects of a few types of atomic disorder on the electronic and optical properties of AlAs/GaAs (001) and (111) superlattices: (i) atomic intermixing across the interfaces; (ii) replacing a single monolayer in a superlattice by one containing the opposite atomic type (isoelectronic delta doping); and (iii) random layer-thickness fluctuations in superlattices (SL). Type (i) is an example of lateral disorder, while types (ii) and (iii) are examples of vertical disorder. Using three-dimensional empirical pseudopotential theory and a plane-wave basis, we calculate the band gaps, electronic wave functions, and optical matrix elements for systems containing up to 2000 atoms in the computational unit cell. Spin-orbit interactions are omitted. Computationally much less costly effective-mass calculations are used to evaluate the density of states and eigenstates away from the band edges in vertically disordered SLs. Our main findings are: (i) Chemical intermixing across the interface can significantly shift the SL energy levels and even change the identity (e.g., symmetry) of the conduction-band minimum in AlAs/GaAs SLs; (ii) any amount of thickness fluctuations in SLs leads to band-edge wave-function localization; (iii) these fluctuation-induced bound states will emit photons at energies below the ''intrinsic'' absorption edge (red shift of photoluminescence); (iv) monolayer fluctuations in thick superlattices create a gap level whose energy is pinned at the value produced by a single delta layer with ''wrong'' thickness; (v) (001) AlAs/GaAs SLs with monolayer thickness fluctuations have a direct band gap, while the ideal (001) superlattices are indirect for n<4; (vi) there is no mobility edge for vertical transport in a disordered superlattice, because all the states are localized; however, the density of states retains some of the features of the ordered-superlattice counterpart. We find quantitative agreement with experiments on intentionally disordered SLs [A. Sasaki, J. Cryst. Growth 115, 490 (1991)], explaining the strong intensity and large red shift of the photoluminescence in the latter system. We provide predictions for the case of unintentional disorder. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 64 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 11 BP 6639 EP 6657 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH851 UT WOS:A1995TH85100041 ER PT J AU BREILAND, WG KILLEEN, KP AF BREILAND, WG KILLEEN, KP TI A VIRTUAL INTERFACE METHOD FOR EXTRACTING GROWTH-RATES AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE OPTICAL-CONSTANTS FROM THIN SEMICONDUCTOR-FILMS USING IN-SITU NORMAL INCIDENCE REFLECTANCE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TIME-RESOLVED REFLECTIVITY; NE-LASER SYSTEM; INSITU DETERMINATION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ELLIPSOMETRY; SURFACE; GAAS; ALXGA1-XAS AB A method is presented in which both optical constants and growth rates may be simultaneously extracted from the in situ normal incidence reflectance of a growing thin film. The method employs a virtual interface model, thus avoiding cumulative errors that are encountered if a standard multiple-layer model is used. No a priori knowledge of underlying film materials, structures, or locations of interfaces is required. A method to accurately estimate all parameters for starting values in the least-squares fitting of the data is also presented. This allows one to use a fully automated procedure for extracting information that requires no prior knowledge other than the starting reflectance of the substrate. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to study the ultimate accuracy of the method under ideal conditions for a film structure typical of compound semiconductor growth. Optical constants of GaAs and AlAs at 634 C have been obtained over a wavelength range of 400-990 nm with this method and agree with values obtained by others using ellipsometry. The method provides a pre-growth calibration tool analogous to the use of reflection high energy electron diffraction in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) that can be used in chemical vapor deposition applications as well as in MBE. Multiple calibrations can be performed for different materials within a single growth run. RP BREILAND, WG (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 61 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 11 BP 6726 EP 6736 DI 10.1063/1.360496 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH851 UT WOS:A1995TH85100053 ER PT J AU SUTHERLAND, DGJ AKATSU, H COPEL, M HIMPSEL, FJ CALLCOTT, TA CARLISLE, JA EDERER, DL JIA, JJ JIMENEZ, I PERERA, R SHUH, DK TERMINELLO, LJ TONG, WM AF SUTHERLAND, DGJ AKATSU, H COPEL, M HIMPSEL, FJ CALLCOTT, TA CARLISLE, JA EDERER, DL JIA, JJ JIMENEZ, I PERERA, R SHUH, DK TERMINELLO, LJ TONG, WM TI STOICHIOMETRY REVERSAL IN THE GROWTH OF THIN OXYNITRIDE FILMS ON SI(100) SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL NITRIDATION; GATE DIELECTRICS; SILICON DIOXIDE; NITRIDED OXIDES; N2O AMBIENT; PURE N2O; SI; OXIDATION; SIO2-FILMS; NITROGEN AB Synchrotron-based O 1s and N 1s photoabsorption spectroscopy, O 1s, N 1s, Si 2p, and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), and medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) have been used to determine the composition and thickness of oxynitride films grown in N2O on a Si(100) surface. Core-level photoabsorption spectroscopy is shown to be a very sensitive probe capable of measuring surface coverages lower than 0.1 monolayers of N (6.5X10(13) N atoms/cm(2)). Film composition was monitored as a function of growth to demonstrate the stoichiometry reversal from primarily N-terminated surfaces in thin films to nearly pure SiO2 in films thicker than similar to 20 Angstrom. A sample with a 60 Angstrom oxynitride film was depth profiled by etching in HF and was shown, via N 1s absorption spectroscopy, to have N segregation within 10 Angstrom above the Si/SiO2 interface. Core-level PES and MEIS were used to study the growth mechanisms of oxynitrides on Si(100) and these data were used to create a schematic phase diagram showing three distinct regions of oxide formation. A critical N2O pressure was discovered at which oxide growth proceeds at over 1000 times its normal rate. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SUTHERLAND, DGJ (reprint author), IBM CORP,THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR,POB 218,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. RI Jimenez, Ignacio/F-7422-2010; Tong, William/D-2564-2010; OI Jimenez, Ignacio/0000-0001-5605-3185; Copel, Matt/0000-0002-7729-2748 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 11 BP 6761 EP 6769 DI 10.1063/1.360500 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH851 UT WOS:A1995TH85100057 ER PT J AU HULL, JR HILTON, EF MULCAHY, TM YANG, ZJ LOCKWOOD, A STRASIK, M AF HULL, JR HILTON, EF MULCAHY, TM YANG, ZJ LOCKWOOD, A STRASIK, M TI LOW-FRICTION IN MIXED-MU SUPERCONDUCTING BEARINGS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Individual magnetic steel rotors were levitated by combining the attractive force between permanent magnets and the steel with the repulsive force between high-temperature superconductors and the steel. The free spindown of several rotors was observed, and the effective coefficient of friction for the bearing was calculated as a function of geometry. Low-speed coefficients of <10(-8) were observed, and the velocity dependence of MnZn ferrite rotors suggest that coefficients of <10(-6) are attainable at bearing rim velocities of 100 m/s. C1 BOEING CO,DEF & SPACE GRP,SEATTLE,WA 98124. RP HULL, JR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 15 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 78 IS 11 BP 6833 EP 6838 DI 10.1063/1.360444 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA TH851 UT WOS:A1995TH85100069 ER PT J AU WOS, L AF WOS, L TI SEARCHING FOR CIRCLES OF PURE PROOFS SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATED REASONING; HOT LIST; PURE PROOFS; STRATEGY AB When given a set of properties or conditions (say, three) that are claimed to be equivalent, the claim can be verified by supplying what we call a circle of proofs. In the case in point, one proves the second property or condition from the first, the third from the second, and the first from the third. If the proof that 1 implies 2 does not rely on 3, then we say that the proof is pure with respect to 3, or simply say the proof is pure. If one can renumber the three properties or conditions in such a way that one can find a circle of three pure proofs - technically, each proof pure with respect to the condition that is neither the hypothesis nor the conclusion - then we say that a circle of pure proofs has been found. Here we study the specific question of the existence of a circle of pure proofs far the thirteen shortest single axioms for equivalential calculus, subject to the requirement that condensed detachment be used as the rule of inference. For an indication of the difficulty of answering the question, we note that a single application of condensed detachment to the (shortest single) axiom known as P4 (also known as UM) with itself yields the (shortest single) axiom P5 (also known as XGF), and two applications of condensed detachment beginning with P5 as hypothesis yields P4. Therefore, except for P5, one cannot find a pure proof of any of the twelve shortest single axioms when using P4 as hypothesis or axiom, for the first application of condensed detachment must focus on two copies of P4, which results in the deduction of P5, forcing P5 to be present in all proofs that use P4 as the only axiom. Further, the close proximity in the proof sense of P4 when using as the only axiom P5 threatens to make impossible the discovery of a circle of pure proofs for the entire set of thirteen shortest single axioms. Perhaps more important than our study of pure proofs, and of a more general nature, we also present the methodology used to answer the cited specific question, a methodology that relies on various strategies and features offered by W. McCune's automated reasoning program OTTER. The strategies and features of OTTER we discuss here offer researchers the needed power to answer deep questions and solve difficult problems. We close this article (in the last two sections) with some challenges and some topics for research and (in the Appendix) with a sample input file and some proofs for study. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PD DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 3 BP 279 EP 315 DI 10.1007/BF00881802 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA TA855 UT WOS:A1995TA85500001 ER PT J AU QUAITERANDALL, E TRENT, JD JOSEPHS, R JOACHIMIAK, A AF QUAITERANDALL, E TRENT, JD JOSEPHS, R JOACHIMIAK, A TI CONFORMATIONAL CYCLE OF THE ARCHAEOSOME, A TCP1-LIKE CHAPERONIN FROM SULFOLOBUS-SHIBATAE SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; CENTRAL CAVITY; HEAT-SHOCK; GROEL; ARCHAEBACTERIUM; PROTEINS AB The major heat shock proteins in the archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae are similar to the cytosolic eukaryotic chaperonin and form an 18-subunit bitoroidal complex. Two sequence-related subunits constitute a functional complex, named the archaeosome. The archaeosome exists in two distinct conformational states that are part of chaperonin functional cycle. The closed archaeosome complex binds ATP and forms an open complex. Upon ATP hydrolysis, the open complex dissociates into subunits, Free subunits reassemble into a two-ring structure. The equilibrium between the complexes and free subunits is affected by ATP and temperature. Denatured proteins associate with both conformational states as well as with free subunits that form an intermediate complex. These unexpected observations suggest a new mechanism of archaeosome-mediated thermotolerance and protein folding. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. NR 35 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 270 IS 48 BP 28818 EP 28823 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA TH056 UT WOS:A1995TH05600050 PM 7499406 ER PT J AU Manchester, JI Ornstein, RL AF Manchester, JI Ornstein, RL TI Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that F87W,T185F-cytochrome p450cam may reductively dehalogenate 1,1,1-trichloroethane SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450CAM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; SUBSTRATE; METABOLISM; HYDROXYLATION; MICROSOMES; PRODUCT; SYSTEM AB Cytochrome P450cam is capable of reductively dehalogenating several chlorinated alkanes at low, but measurable, rates. In previous investigations of structure-function relationships in this enzyme using molecular dynamics simulations, we noticed that 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) exhibits a very high degree of mobility in the active site due to its smaller molecular volume relative to the native substrate, camphor(1,2). Several amino acid sidechains lining the active site also exhibit significant dynamic fluctuations, possibly as a result of poor steric complementarity to TCA. Guided by these results, we modeled double (F87W, T185F) and triple (F87W, T185E V295I) mutants of P450cam, which provide additional bulk in the active site and increase the frequency of heme-substrate collision. Molecular dynamics simulations (300 ps on each protein) indicate that these mutants do not significantly perturb the three-dimensional fold of the enzyme, or local structure in the region of the active site. Both mutants bind the substrate more stably near the heme than the wild-type. Interestingly, however, the bulkier triple mutant seems to actually inhibit heme-substrate interactions relative to the double mutant. Over the final 200 ps of simulation, TCA is within 1 Angstrom of nonbonded contact with the heme 25% more often in the double mutant versus the wild-type. The triple mutant, on the other hand, binds TCA within 1 Angstrom of the heme only 15% as often as the wild-type. These results indicate that the double mutant may reductively dehalogenate TCA, a property not observed for the native protein. Implications for other experimentally measurable parameters are discussed. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA TN048 UT WOS:A1995TN04800002 PM 8825721 ER PT J AU Setlik, RF Shibata, M Sarma, RH Sarma, MH Kazim, AL Ornstein, RL Tomasi, TB Rein, R AF Setlik, RF Shibata, M Sarma, RH Sarma, MH Kazim, AL Ornstein, RL Tomasi, TB Rein, R TI Modeling of a possible conformational change associated with the catalytic mechanism in the hammerhead ribozyme SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SELF-CLEAVAGE; ION CATALYSIS; RNA CLEAVAGE; PHOSPHOROTHIOATE; GUANOSINES; BINDING AB Here we describe a possible model of the cleavage mechanism in the hammerhead ribozyme. In this model, the 2' hydroxyl of C17 is moved into an appropriate orientation for an in-line attack on the G1.1 phosphate through a change in its sugar pucker from C3' endo to C2' endo. This conformational change in the active site is caused by a change in the uridine rum placing the N2 and N3 atoms of G5 of the conserved core in hydrogen bonding geometry with the N3 and N2 atoms on the conserved G16.2 residue. The observed conformational change in the uridine rum suggests an explanation for the conservation of G5. In the crystal structure of H.M. Pley et al., Nature 372, 68-74 (1994), G5 is situated 5.3 Angstrom away from G16.2. However, the uridine turn is sufficiently flexible to allow this conformational change with relatively modest changes in the backbone torsion angles (average change of 14.2 degrees). Two magnesium ions were modeled into the active site with positions analogous to those described in the functionally similar Klenow fragment 3'-5' exonuclease (L.S. Beese and T.A. Steitz, EMBO J. 10, 25-33 (1991)), the Group I intron (T.A. Steitz and J.A. Steitz, P.N.A.S. U.S.A. 90, 6498-6502 (1993); R.F Setlik et al., J. Biomol. Str: Dyn. 10, 945-972 (1993)) and other phosphotransferases. Comparison of this model with one in which the uridine rum conformation was not changed showed that although the changes in the C17 sugar pucker could be modeled, insufficient space existed for the magnesium ions in the active site. C1 ROSWELL PK CANC INST, BUFFALO, NY 14263 USA. SUNY ALBANY, INST BIOMOLEC STEREODYNAM, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD017013]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 29789-20] NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADENINE PRESS INC PI GUILDERLAND PA PO BOX 355/340, GUILDERLAND, NY 12084 SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 515 EP 522 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA TN048 UT WOS:A1995TN04800012 PM 8825731 ER PT J AU Tung, CS Soumpasis, DM AF Tung, CS Soumpasis, DM TI The construction of DNA helical duplexes along prescribed 3-D curves SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; RESOLUTION; CHROMATIN; FLEXIBILITY; REPLICATION; DESIGN; KNOT AB Curved DNA structures can be either intrinsic or induced through interaction with proteins. Large DNA molecules can adopt complex curved shapes in space. Many curved DNA structures (e.g., Cro-operator, Cap-operator, nucleosomal DNA, etc.) are believed to have important biological functions. To model curved DNA molecules is a challenging task. In this work, we introduce a method for the computer generation of DNA structures having any prescribed 3-D shape in space. The approach is purely geometrical and highly efficient. This method is used successfully to construct an atomic level nucleosomal DNA that is consistent with the experimental data. The smallest closed DNA circle we are able to construct with the method is a 51 bp DNA duplex. C1 MAX PLANCK INST BIOPHYS CHEM,BIOCOMP GRP,D-37077 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. RP Tung, CS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ADENINE PRESS INC PI GUILDERLAND PA PO BOX 355/340, GUILDERLAND, NY 12084 SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 577 EP 582 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA TN048 UT WOS:A1995TN04800019 PM 8825738 ER PT J AU Aylor, AW Larsen, SC Reimer, JA Bell, AT AF Aylor, AW Larsen, SC Reimer, JA Bell, AT TI An infrared study of NO decomposition over Cu-ZSM-5 SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGED ZSM-5 ZEOLITES; Y-TYPE ZEOLITES; NITRIC-OXIDE; CATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN MONOXIDE; CU-ZEOLITES; COPPER; DESORPTION; TEMPLATES; REMOVAL AB The interactions of NO with Cu-ZSM-5 have been investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy. Following reduction by CO, most of the copper is present as Cu+ cations, Room-temperature exposure of the reduced catalyst to NO results in the immediate appearance of Cu+(NO) and Cu+(NO)(2), With time, these species disappear and are replaced by Cu2+(NO) and Cu2+(O-)(NO). Evidence of the formation of Cu2+(NO2) and CU2+(NO3-) and of adsorbed N2O and N2O3 is also observed. Similar species are observed upon room-temperature exposure of autoreduced and preoxidized Cu-ZSM-5. Above 573 K, the catalyst is active for NO decomposition to N-2 and N2O. The selectivity to Nz increases rapidly with increasing temperature and is essentially 100% at 773 K, the temperature at which the catalyst exhibits maximum activity. Infrared spectra taken under reaction conditions show weak peaks for Cu+(NO), Cu2+(O-)(NO), and CU2+(NO3-). With increasing temperature, the intensities of the peaks for Cu+(NO) and Cu2+(O-)(NO) decrease but the proportion of the former species increases relative to the latter, Based on this evidence and rate data reported in the literature, a mechanism is proposed for the decomposition of NO, The first step in this mechanism is the formation of N2O via the decomposition of Cu+(NO)(2). N-2 is then formed via the reaction of N2O with Cu+ sites, O-2 formation is envisioned to proceed via the release of O atoms from Cu2+O- and the subsequent reaction of O atoms with additional Cu2+O- to produce Cu(2+)0(2)(-). The variation in the fraction of Cu+ with temperature, deduced from the proposed mechanism, is in qualitative agreement with recent XANES observations. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT CHEM ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Aylor, AW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 37 TC 181 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 157 IS 2 BP 592 EP 602 DI 10.1006/jcat.1995.1324 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA TK598 UT WOS:A1995TK59800034 ER PT J AU Loong, CK Richardson, JW Ozawa, M AF Loong, CK Richardson, JW Ozawa, M TI Crystal phases, defects, and dynamics of adsorbed hydroxyl groups and water in pure and lanthanide-modified zirconia: A neutron-scattering study SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID METHANOL SYNTHESIS; SYNTHESIS GAS; DIOXIDE; SURFACE; OXIDE; ADSORPTION; ZRO2; HYDROGEN; ISOSYNTHESIS; IR AB The role of lanthanide doping in zirconia as a means of stabilizing and promoting catalytic reactions was studied by neutron spectroscopy, The crystal structure of high-surface-area Ln(0.1)Zr(0.9)O(1.95) (Ln = La and Nd) powders prepared by a coprecipitation method were found to be composed of mixed phases of tetragonal and cubic symmetry, which can be stabilized over a temperature range (up to similar to 1000 degrees C) pertinent to catalytic applications. A real-space correlation function, obtained from a Fourier transform of the filtered residual diffuse scattering, showed evidence of static, oxygen vacancy-induced atomic displacements along the pseudocubic (111) and other directions, The dynamics of hydrogen atoms associated with the surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water molecules on Ln(0.1)Zr0.9O(1.95) and pure ZrO2 over a frequency range of 0-4400 cm(-1) was investigated by neutron inelastic scattering, The stretch vibrations of surface hydroxyl groups on monoclinic ZrO2 were found to have slightly higher frequencies than those for Ln(0.1)Zr(0.9)O(1.95). At a submonolayer coverage of water the O-H stretch bands broaden and shift to lower energies, At higher coverage three bands, corresponding to the O-H stretch, HO-H bend, and librational motion of water molecules, were observed, indicating the influence of hydrogen bonding, The neutron results were compared with infrared data and ab initio calculations for similar zirconia systems found in the literature. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NAGOYA INST TECHNOL,GIFU 507,JAPAN. RP Loong, CK (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 157 IS 2 BP 636 EP 644 DI 10.1006/jcat.1995.1329 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA TK598 UT WOS:A1995TK59800039 ER PT J AU PAK, Y WOODS, RC PETERSON, KA AF PAK, Y WOODS, RC PETERSON, KA TI A COUPLED-CLUSTER STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES, SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES, AND ISOMERIZATION PATH OF NCS- AND CNS- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; RO-VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; PROGRAMS; SINGLES; IONS; CCSD AB Three-dimensional near-equilibrium potential energy surfaces and dipole moment functions have been calculated for the X (1) Sigma(+) ground states of NCS- and CNS-, using the coupled cluster method with single and double substitutions augmented by a perturbative estimate of triple excitations [CCSD(T)] with a set of 154 contracted Gaussian-type orbitals. The corresponding equilibrium bond lengths at their linear geometries are r(e)(NC)=1.1788 Angstrom and r(e)(CS)=1.6737 Angstrom for NCS-, and r(e)(CN)=1.1805 Angstrom and r(e)(NS)=1.6874 Angstrom for CNS-. The predicted equilibrium rotational constants B-e of NCS- and CNS- are 5918.2 and 6282.7 MHz, respectively. The former agrees very well with the known experimental value (5919.0 MHz). Full three-dimensional variational calculations have also been carried out using the CCSD(T) potential energy and dipole moment functions to determine the rovibrational energy levels and dipole moment matrix elements for both NCS- and CNS-. The corresponding fundamental band origins (cm(-1)) nu(1), nu(2), and nu(3) and their absolute intensities (km/mol) at the CCSD(T) level are 2060.9/306.1, 451.5/2.2, and 707.5/12.8, respectively, for NCS- and 2011.4/6.6, 343.7/2.3, and 624.9/0.2 for CNS-. The calculated nu(1) (CN stretching) value for NCS- is in very good agreement with the experimental result, 2065.9 cm(-1). The calculated dipole moments of NCS- and CNS- in their ground vibrational states are 1.427 and 1.347 D, respectively The transition state geometry (saddle point) for the isomerization of NCS--->CNS- is predicted at the CCSD(T) level to be r(NC)=1.2044 Angstrom, R(CS)=1.9411 Angstrom and theta(angle NCS)=86.8 degrees. Its calculated energy is 62.6 and 26.5 kcal/mol above the minima of NCS- and CNS-, respectively, including zero-point energy corrections. The structure of the NCS radical was also optimized at the same level of theory, yielding ion to neutral bond length shifts in excellent agreement with those derived from recent photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOLEC SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP PAK, Y (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT CHEM, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 21 BP 9304 EP 9311 DI 10.1063/1.469989 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TF808 UT WOS:A1995TF80800018 ER PT J AU KANG, HS REE, FH AF KANG, HS REE, FH TI APPLICATIONS OF THE PERTURBATIVE HYPERNETTED-CHAIN EQUATION TO THE ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA AND THE ONE-COMPONENT CHARGED HARD-SPHERE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ONSAGER-MOLECULE APPROACH; STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; HIGH-DENSITY PROPERTIES; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; SCREENING POTENTIALS; BRIDGE FUNCTIONS; LIQUID STRUCTURE; IONIZED MATTER AB The perturbative hypernetted-chain (PHNC) equation developed recently has been applied to the one-component plasma (OCP) and the one-component charged hard-sphere (OCCHS) systems in a uniform compensating background. Computed thermodynamic properties and pair correlation functions show that the PHNC gives excellent agreement with computer simulations and that it is as accurate as (or, in some cases, superior to) the reference-hypernetted chain and the hypernetted-chain-mean spherical equations, representing the two best currently available theories. The PHNC also predicts the OCP screening function at short range in close agreement with computer simulations and is superior to other theoretical results. Reliability of the radial distribution function at the hard-sphere contact distance for the OCCHS is also discussed. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RP KANG, HS (reprint author), JEONJU UNIV, COLL SCI & ENGN, DEPT CHEM, WANSAN KU, CHONJU 560759, SOUTH KOREA. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 21 BP 9370 EP 9378 DI 10.1063/1.469997 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TF808 UT WOS:A1995TF80800026 ER PT J AU CHIALVO, AA CUMMINGS, PT COCHRAN, HD SIMONSON, JM MESMER, RE AF CHIALVO, AA CUMMINGS, PT COCHRAN, HD SIMONSON, JM MESMER, RE TI NA+-CL- ION-PAIR ASSOCIATION IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONSTRAINED MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; MEAN FORCE; SIMULATION; SOLVENT; TEMPERATURES; DILUTION; MODELS AB Molecular dynamics simulations of supercritical electrolyte solutions with three different ion-water models are performed to study the anion-cation potential of mean force of an infinitely dilute aqueous NaCl solution in the vicinity of the solvent's critical point. The association constant for the ion pair Na+/Cl- and the constant of equilibrium between the solvent-separated and the contact ion pairs are determined for three models at the solvent critical density and 5% above its critical temperature. The realism of the aqueous electrolyte models is assessed by comparing the association constants obtained by simulation with those based on high temperature conductance measurements. Some remarks are given concerning the calculation of the mean-force potential from simulation and the impact of the assumptions involved. (C) 1995 American Institute of Physics. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP CHIALVO, AA (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM ENGN, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 61 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 103 IS 21 BP 9379 EP 9387 DI 10.1063/1.470707 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA TF808 UT WOS:A1995TF80800027 ER PT J AU Tong, W Yeung, ES AF Tong, W Yeung, ES TI Simple double-beam absorption detection systems for capillary electrophoresis based on diode lasers and light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Simple double-beam absorption detection systems for capillary electrophoresis (CE) based on diode lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are developed. Using digital normalization, the intensity fluctuations are greatly reduced and a relative standard deviation of the background noise of 10(-5) to 10(-6) can be achieved. The detection performance is thus improved over those of commercial CE systems. For the diode-laser-based system, the gain in detectability results from both a reduction in intensity fluctuations and a better optical coupling of the laser beam with the small capillary tube, maximizing the effective optical path length. The improvement in the LED-based system is largely due to the excellent stability of the LED augmented by double-beam cancellation of the baseline fluctuations. Indirect absorption detection for cationic and anionic species are also demonstrated, extending the applicability of the system. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 718 IS 1 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00638-9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA TK909 UT WOS:A1995TK90900019 ER PT J AU Kaul, DK Fabry, ME Costantini, F Rubin, EM Nagel, RL AF Kaul, DK Fabry, ME Costantini, F Rubin, EM Nagel, RL TI In vivo demonstration of red cell-endothelial interaction, sickling and altered microvascular response to oxygen in the sickle transgenic mouse SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE microcirculation; red cell adhesion; sickling; oxygen tension; vessel diameter ID BETA-S-GLOBINS; CREMASTER MUSCLE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HIGH EXPRESSION; ALPHA-GLOBINS; FLOW; VELOCITY; DISEASE; INVIVO AB Intravascular sickling, red cell-endothelium interaction, and altered microvascular responses have been suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of human sickle cell disease, but have never been demonstrated under in vivo flow, To address this issue, we have examined a transgenic mouse line, alpha(H) beta(S) beta(S-Antilles)[beta(MDD)] which has a combined high (78%) expression of beta(S) and beta(S-Antilles) globins. In vivo microcirculatory studies using the cremaster muscle preparation showed adhesion of red cells, restricted to postcapillary venules, in transgenic mice but not in control mice. Electron microscopy revealed distinct contacts between the red cell membrane and the endothelium surface, Some red cells exhibiting sickling were regularly observed in the venular flow, Infusion of transgenic mouse red cells into the ex vivo mesocecum vasculature also showed adhesion of mouse red cells exclusively in venules. Under resting conditions (po(2) 15-20 mmHg), there were no differences in the cremaster microvascular diameters of control and transgenic mice; however, transgenic mice showed a drastic reduction in microvascular red cell velocities (Vrbc) with maximal Vrbc decrease (> 60%) occurring in venules, the sites of red cell adhesion and sickling, Local, transient hyperoxia (pot, 150 mmHg) resulted in striking differences between control and transgenic mice, In controls, oxygen caused a 69% arteriolar constriction, accompanied by 75% reduction in Vrbc, In contrast, in transgenic mice, hyperoxia resulted in only 8% decrease in the arteriolar diameter and in 68% increase in Vrbc; the latter is probably due to an improved flow behavior of red cells as a consequence of unsickling. In summary, the high expression of human sickle hemoglobin in the mouse results not only in intravascular sickling but also red cell-endothelium interaction, The altered microvascular response to oxygen could be secondary to blood theological changes, although possible intrinsic differences in the endothelial cell/vascular smooth muscle function in the transgenic mouse may also contribute, These sickle transgenic mice could serve as a useful model to investigate vasoocclusive mechanisms, as well as to test potential therapies. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DIV HEMATOL,BRONX,NY 10461. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10461. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT GENET & DEV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CELL & MOLEC BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-37212, HL-45931]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 34064] NR 41 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 222 E 70TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 96 IS 6 BP 2845 EP 2853 DI 10.1172/JCI118355 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA TK257 UT WOS:A1995TK25700040 PM 8675655 ER PT J AU ADALSTEINSSON, D SETHIAN, JA AF ADALSTEINSSON, D SETHIAN, JA TI A LEVEL SET APPROACH TO A UNIFIED MODEL FOR ETCHING, DEPOSITION, AND LITHOGRAPHY .2. 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS; MEAN-CURVATURE; MOTION; FLOW; ALGORITHMS; EVOLUTION; SURFACES; FRONTS AB We apply a level set formulation to the problem of surface advancement in three-dimensional topography simulation of deposition, etching, and lithography processes in integrated circuit fabrication. The level set formulation is based on solving a Hamilton-Jacobi-type equation for a propagating level set function, using techniques borrowed from hyperbolic conservation laws. Topological changes, corner and cusp development, and accurate determination of geometric properties such as curvature and normal direction are naturally obtained in this setting. The equations of motion of a unified model, including the effects of isotropic and unidirectional deposition and etching, visibility, surface diffusion, reflection, and material dependent etch/deposition rates are presented and adapted to a level set formulation. In Part I of this paper, the basic equations and algorithms for two-dimensional simulations were developed. In this paper, the extension to three dimensions is presented. We show a large collection of simulations, including three-dimensional etching and deposition into cavities under the effects of visibility, directional and source flux functions, evolution of lithographic profiles, discontinuous etch rates through multiple materials, and non-convex sputter yield flux functions. In Part III of this paper, effects of reflection and re-emission and surface diffusion Will be presented. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP ADALSTEINSSON, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MATH,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 44 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 122 IS 2 BP 348 EP 366 DI 10.1006/jcph.1995.1221 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA TK080 UT WOS:A1995TK08000015 ER PT J AU BALACHANDRAN, U MCGINN, PJ GUBSER, DU AF BALACHANDRAN, U MCGINN, PJ GUBSER, DU TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS - FOREWORD SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP BALACHANDRAN, U (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1765 EP 1765 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700001 ER PT J AU WILLIS, JO RAY, RD PHILLIPS, DS SALAZAR, KV BINGERT, JF HOLESINGER, TG BREMSER, JK PETERSON, DE AF WILLIS, JO RAY, RD PHILLIPS, DS SALAZAR, KV BINGERT, JF HOLESINGER, TG BREMSER, JK PETERSON, DE TI BI-2223/AG-SHEATHED TAPE PROCESSING STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE BI-2223/AG SHEATHED TAPE; CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY; THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AB The production of high critical current density J(c) Bi-2223/Ag sheathed conductors is a complex process involving interactions among many different parameters. The effects of three factors: 1) powder production path, 2) the first sinter temperature, and 3) the subsequent sinter temperatures were investigated. Statistical methods were used to design the experiment and interpret the results. Transport J(c) was the main response for the analysis, but microstructural results were also used to assess the physical basis for the differences in performance. The powder variable had the largest main effect with only very weak main effects for the other factors. RP WILLIS, JO (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL,MAIL STOP K763,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1789 EP 1792 DI 10.1007/BF02652983 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700005 ER PT J AU HUANG, JY JAMMY, R IYER, AN BALACHANDRAN, U AF HUANG, JY JAMMY, R IYER, AN BALACHANDRAN, U TI SUPERCONDUCTING JOINTS FOR SILVER-CLAD BSCCO TAPES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE CHEMICAL ETCHING; INTERCONNECTIONS; MAGNETIC COILS; SILVER CLAD BSCCO TAPES; SUPERCONDUCTING JOINTS AB The advent of high-T-c superconducting tapes for a variety of applications has resulted in the need for superconducting joints. Although long-length tapes can be custom-made for some applications, interconnections between subcoils of a magnet or shorter-length Conductors for coil winding and current leads, make the development of such joints imperative. Additionally, high-quality short- or medium-length conductors, which are easier to make, can be joined for improved performance. Employing a novel chemical etching technique, we have fabricated lap joints between short lengths of silver-clad BSCCO tapes. Each joint was formed by etching the silver away and bringing together the exposed superconductor cores of two tapes together. The joined tapes were then subjected to a series of thermomechanical treatments. Detailed microstructural and electrical characterization within and across the joint was performed. Critical currents of up to 37 A within the joint region and 10 A through the joint region(at 77K) have been achieved. RP HUANG, JY (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1793 EP 1796 DI 10.1007/BF02652984 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700006 ER PT J AU BLUMENTHAL, WR MOORE, RA COULTER, JY BINGERT, JF SALAZAR, KV AF BLUMENTHAL, WR MOORE, RA COULTER, JY BINGERT, JF SALAZAR, KV TI CRITICAL-CURRENT RESPONSE OF BSCCO TAPES IN TENSION SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE AG-CLAD TAPES; COMPRESSIVE STRESS; STRAIN EFFECT ID SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; CURRENT-DENSITY; STRAIN AB Uniaxial tension experiments were performed on monofilament Bi1.9Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (BSCCO)-silver and pure silver tapes. Nearly silver-free BSCCO tapes were also tested to study the influence of the silver phase. In situ measurements of the critical current density (J(c)) vs applied strain provided evidence for the strength and failure behavior of the superconducting oxide core. Final rolling deformation was used as the primary processing variable. BSCCO-Ag tapes exhibited strain tolerance of up to 0.4% before the superconducting performance began to degrade. The stress-strain response of a near silver-free core was typical of ceramics with brittle failure occurring after an elastic strain of 0.19%. Although not optimized, the yield strength and J, improved with greater final rolling deformation. Even greater strain tolerance is postulated by improving the structure and integrity of the oxide core and by increasing the residual compressive stress imposed on the core by the thermal expansion mismatch with the silver sheath. RP BLUMENTHAL, WR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1805 EP 1809 DI 10.1007/BF02652987 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700009 ER PT J AU WANG, YL BIAN, W ZHU, Y FUKUMOTO, Y WIESMANN, HJ SUENAGA, M AF WANG, YL BIAN, W ZHU, Y FUKUMOTO, Y WIESMANN, HJ SUENAGA, M TI FABRICATION OF AG-SHEATHED BI-2223 TAPES USING POWDERS PRODUCED BY AEROSOL SPRAY-PYROLYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE AEROSOL SPRAY; TEXTURING; 2-POWDER PROCESS ID PHASE AB Bi-2223 tapes were manufactured from a fine ''two-powder'' product produced by using an aerosol spray pyrolysis technique. Critical current density of 22000 A/cm(2) at 77K and 0 T was achieved. Nondestructive transmission x-ray diffraction study indicated good alignment of the superconducting grains. The texturing process of the superconducting phase was found to be nearly complete after the first 24 h of heat treatment for the samples studied. Pressing was found to play little role in the texturing process. The texturing can be enhanced by Ag-doping. J(c), however, was not found to be improved significantly, presumably due to the reduced effective cross-sectional area. A new phase, Bi-4435, was identified which may play a significant role in the formation of 2223. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. OXFORD SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOL INC,CARTERET,NJ 07808. RP WANG, YL (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1817 EP 1820 DI 10.1007/BF02652989 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700011 ER PT J AU DORRIS, SE PITZ, MA DAWLEY, JT TRAPP, DJ AF DORRIS, SE PITZ, MA DAWLEY, JT TRAPP, DJ TI EFFECT OF LEAD CONTENT ON BI-2223 FORMATION BY A 2-POWDER PROCESS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HEAT TREATMENT; KINETICS OF 2223; LEAD-RICH LIQUID ID SYSTEM AB Decreasing the total lead content from Pb-0.4 to Pb-0.3 significantly stunts Bi-2223 phase development and greatly reduces the critical current density (J(c)) of powder-in-tube tapes made by a two-powder process. This effect can be explained on the basis of the solubility limit for lead in 2212. Pb-0.4 samples exceed the solubility limit for lead in 2212, so lead is rejected to create a lead-rich liquid that enhances the kinetics of 2223 formation during heat treatment. By contrast, a liquid does not form in the Pb-0.3 sample because its lead content is below the solubility limit. As a result, 2223 formation is much slower and J(c) is much lower in the Pb-0.3 sample. RP DORRIS, SE (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1835 EP 1837 DI 10.1007/BF02652993 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700015 ER PT J AU BINGERT, JF BINGHAM, BL SEBRING, RJ KELLY, AM AF BINGERT, JF BINGHAM, BL SEBRING, RJ KELLY, AM TI HYDROSTATIC EXTRUSION OF BSCCO/AG COMPOSITE WIRE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR (HTSC); HYDROSTATIC EXTRUSION; WIRE FABRICATION AB The application of hydrostatic extrusion processing to composite wire fabrication offers several advantages over conventional reduction techniques. These include enhanced uniformity, increased reduction capability, and successful extrusion of normally brittle materials. Specifically, this work involved an experiment to screen the effects of seven extrusion process parameters on the uniformity and density of as-extruded BSCCO-core wire, and the required extrusion pressure. Results suggest the following factors to be potentially significant: 1) back pressure, extrusion ratio, and die angle on core uniformity, 2) packing method, extrusion ratio, silver powder additions, and temperature on density, and 3) extrusion ratio and temperature on extrusion pressure. RP BINGERT, JF (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS G770,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1859 EP 1863 DI 10.1007/BF02652998 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700020 ER PT J AU GOYAL, A SPECHT, ED KROEGER, DM AF GOYAL, A SPECHT, ED KROEGER, DM TI MICROTEXTURE AND MESOTEXTURE IN HIGH-J(C) BI-2223 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE MISORIENTATION; POLE FIGURES; TEXTURE MAPS; X-RAY DIFFRACTION ID SILVER-SHEATHED TAPES; CU-O SUPERCONDUCTOR; CRITICAL CURRENTS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TC PHASE; BICRYSTALS; WIRES AB The microstructure of high-J(c) Bi-2223 powder-in-tube tapes was studied using x-ray and electron diffraction. Although the c-axis is nominally aligned perpendicular to the tape surface (FWHM similar to 20 degrees), x-ray phi scans and pole figures show no evidence of any in-plane texture, either macroscopically or locally. Electron backscatter diffraction patterns acquired in a scanning electron miscroscope (SEM) were used to measure individual grain orientations. Grain boundary misorientation between adjacent grains was described by rotation angles and axes (i.e. the disorientation) and compared with theoretical values of ideal coincidence site lattices (CSLs). Data collected from over 113 spatially correlated grains resulting in 227 grain boundaries, show that over 40% of the boundaries are small angle. In addition, 8% of the boundaries were found to be within the Brandon criterion for CSLs (larger than Sigma 1 and less than Sigma 50). Grain boundary ''texture maps'' derived from the SEM image and orientation data reveal the presence of percolative paths between low energy boundaries. C1 TEXSEM CORP,PROVO,UT. AMER SUPERCONDUCTOR CORP,WESTBOROUGH,MA 01581. RP GOYAL, A (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1865 EP 1868 DI 10.1007/BF02652999 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700021 ER PT J AU HUBERT, BN ZHOU, R HOLESINGER, TG HULTS, WL LACERDA, A MURRAY, AS RAY, RD BUFORD, CM PHILLIPS, LG KEBEDE, A SMITH, JL AF HUBERT, BN ZHOU, R HOLESINGER, TG HULTS, WL LACERDA, A MURRAY, AS RAY, RD BUFORD, CM PHILLIPS, LG KEBEDE, A SMITH, JL TI SILVER ALLOYS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING WIRE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY; HARDNESS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SILVER ALLOYS AB The silver cladding for high-temperature superconducting wire can be modified for various applications by alloying. For example, for powder-in-tube wire, stiffer cladding improves the smoothness of the interface. For large coils, higher strength is needed at low temperatures to hold them together. Power applications require more resistance in the cladding. We have made a survey of the properties of alloys to check their feasibility for various applications. Alloys with several elements added to silver have been prepared and evaluated for hardness, electrical properties, and compatibility with high-temperature superconductors during processing. C1 MIT,DEPT MECH ENGN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. N CAROLINA AGR & TECH STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,GREENSBORO,NC 27411. RP HUBERT, BN (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1869 EP 1872 DI 10.1007/BF02653000 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700022 ER PT J AU IYER, AN JAMMY, R BALACHANDRAN, U SUENAGA, M HALDAR, P AF IYER, AN JAMMY, R BALACHANDRAN, U SUENAGA, M HALDAR, P TI RECENT ISSUES IN FABRICATION OF AG-CLAD BSCCO SUPERCONDUCTORS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS (HTSC); LONG LENGTH CONDUCTORS; POWDER-IN-TUBE PROCESS (PIT); STRAIN TOLERANCE ID STRAIN TOLERANCE; WIRES; TAPES AB Long lengths of mono- and multifilament Ag-clad BSCCO superconductors were fabricated by the powder-in-tube technique. Critical current density (J(c)) up to 12,000 A/cm(2) has been achieved in an 850 m long multicore conductor. Long length conductors were formed into pancake-shaped coils by the wind-and-react approach. Test magnets were then fabricated by stacking the pancake coils and connecting them in series. The magnets were characterized as a function of applied magnetic field at various temperatures. A test magnet, fabricated with approximate to 770 m of BSCCO tape, generated fields of approximate to 1 T at 4.2K and approximate to 0.6 T at 27K, both in an applied background field of 20 T. Additionally, the strain tolerance of both mono- and multifilament conductors at 77K in 0.5 T applied field has been studied. We observed that multifilament conductors have better strain tolerance than monofilament tapes, retaining more than 90% of the initial critical current (at 0.5 T) with strain greater than or equal to 1%. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. INTERMAGNET GEN CORP,LATHAM,NY 12110. RP IYER, AN (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1873 EP 1876 DI 10.1007/BF02653001 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700023 ER PT J AU THOMAS, H INAL, OT BALACHANDRAN, U AF THOMAS, H INAL, OT BALACHANDRAN, U TI EXPLOSIVE CONSOLIDATION OF (BI,PB)-SR-CA-CU-O SUPERCONDUCTOR POWDERS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE DEFECTS; SHOCK CONSOLIDATION; STRAIN RATE ID CURRENT-DENSITY; WIRES; TAPES AB Superconducting (2212 phase) Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) and BSCCO-Ag composites were explosively consolidated in silver tubing and then drawn and rolled into tapes. These silver-sheathed tapes were then subjected to repeated cycles of pressing and heat treatment, which resulted in enhanced texturing and grain growth and a subsequent increase in critical current density (J(c)). The effect of Ag powder additions to the superconducting powder further increased texturing and J(c), with optimal properties occurring with 10 vol.% silver powder additions. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that grain alignment increased and grain structure became refined after the thermomechanical treatment. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that grain orientation and conversion of 2212 phase to 2223 phase are improved when explosive consolidation is introduced before the drawing step in the powder-in-tube process. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP THOMAS, H (reprint author), NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT MAT & MET ENGN,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1887 EP 1892 DI 10.1007/BF02653004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700026 ER PT J AU ZAKHARCHENKO, IV TERRYLL, KM RAO, KV BALACHANDRAN, U AF ZAKHARCHENKO, IV TERRYLL, KM RAO, KV BALACHANDRAN, U TI PROCESS PARAMETERS, ORIENTATION, AND FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES OF MELT-PROCESSED BULK Y-BA-CU-O SUPERCONDUCTORS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE MELT PROCESSING; ORIENTATION; ROCKING CURVE ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; GROWTH AB This study compared the microstructure, texturing, and functional properties (critical currents) of YBa2Cu3O7-x-based bulk pellets that were prepared by the quench-melt-growth-process (QMGP), melt-textured growth, and conventional solid-state reaction approaches. Using two x-ray diffraction methods, theta-2 theta, and rocking curves, we found that the individual grains of two melt-processed pellets exhibited remarkable preferred orientational alignment (best rocking curve width = 3.2 degrees). However, the direction of the preferred orientation among the grains was random. Among the three types of bulk materials studied, the QMGP sample was found to have the best J(c) values, approximate to 4500 A/cm(2) at 77K in a field of 2 kG, as determined from superconducting quantum interference device magnetic data. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP ZAKHARCHENKO, IV (reprint author), ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT CONDENSED MATTER PHYS,S-10044 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RI Rao, K.V./F-4577-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1913 EP 1917 DI 10.1007/BF02653009 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700031 ER PT J AU MCCALLUM, RW KRAMER, MJ DENNIS, KW PARK, M WU, H HOFER, R AF MCCALLUM, RW KRAMER, MJ DENNIS, KW PARK, M WU, H HOFER, R TI UNDERSTANDING THE PHASE-RELATIONS AND CATION DISORDER IN LRE(1+X)BA(2-X)CU(3)O(7+DELTA) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE LIGHT RARE EARTH ELEMENTS; OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE; SOLID-SOLUTION ID CU-O; SYSTEM; YBA2CU3O7; DIAGRAMS; OXYGEN AB Unlike Y123 which forms only a stochiometric compound, the light rare earth elements (LRE) form a solid solution LRE(1+x)Ba(2-x)Cu(3)O(7+delta) (LRE123ss), with increasing substitution of the LRE(3+) for the Ba2+ with increasing ionic radii of the LRE. Charge balance is maintained by increasing oxygen occupation on the anti-chain sites. The range of solubility is partially controlled by the oxygen partial pressure (PO2). The peritetic decomposition temperature also increases with increasing ionic radii. At doping levels of 0 < x < 0.1, there is an increase in T-c when the high temperature annealing (T similar to 940 degrees C) is performed in low PO2 (< 0.1 bar). The maximum Te occurs at a doping level of similar to x = 0.05 for Nd and Gd. When annealing is performed in 1 bar PO2, there is a gradual decrease in T-c with increasing x. These phenomenon can be understood in terms of the number and distribution of the LRE which substitute on the Ba site. RP MCCALLUM, RW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1931 EP 1935 DI 10.1007/BF02653012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700034 ER PT J AU GORETTA, KC TODT, VR MILLER, DJ LANAGAN, MT CHEN, YL BALACHANDRAN, U GUO, J LEWIS, JA AF GORETTA, KC TODT, VR MILLER, DJ LANAGAN, MT CHEN, YL BALACHANDRAN, U GUO, J LEWIS, JA TI ENGINEERED FLUX-PINNING CENTERS IN BI2SR2CACU2OX AND TLBA2CA2CU3OX SUPERCONDUCTORS SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE CARBON INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; FLUX PINNING; NANOSIZE PARTICLES ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; MELT-PROCESSED YBA2CU3OX; CU-O SUPERCONDUCTORS; SILVER-CLAD TAPES; IRRADIATION; DEFECTS; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ENHANCEMENT AB Three methods were used to introduce flux-pinning centers into Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) and TlBa2Ca2Cu3Ox (Tl-1223) samples. It was found that carbon induced local decomposition, that nanosized Al2O3 additions created stable reaction products, and that second phases could be isolated in T1-1223 during synthesis. Each of these defects enhanced flux pinning and was of most benefit at temperatures less than or equal to 35 K. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801. RP GORETTA, KC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1961 EP 1966 DI 10.1007/BF02653017 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700039 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, JR OESTERREICHER, H TAYLOR, RD AF OBRIEN, JR OESTERREICHER, H TAYLOR, RD TI ACHIEVING SUPERCONDUCTIVITY THROUGH REDUCTIVE TREATMENTS OF YSR2(CU1-XFEX)(3)O-Y SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis, Processing, and Large-Scale Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors, at the 124th Minerals, Metals, and Materials-Society Annual Meeting CY FEB 12-16, 1995 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE CLUSTER ARRANGEMENTS; MAGNETIC PROPERTY; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL ID HIGH-PRESSURE SYNTHESIS AB In order to obtain massive Fe nano clustering coexisting with superconductivity, the dependence of the structural, magnetic, and superconductive properties of YSr2(Cu1-xFex)(3)O-y (x = 0.13 or x = 0.167) on annealing conditions is explored. Materials are initially prepared by conventional solid state technique with an annealing for two days at T = 1000K and is termed oxygenating preparation (OF). The materials treated by OP method show no signs of superconductivity above 5K. Subsequently, Gd getter annealing is used to control reductions at T = 1000K for four days followed by reoxidation at 800K for 1 h and is termed reducing preparation (RP). For x = 0.13, the RP treatment results in the development of superconductivity with T-c-onse, = 40K. For x = 0.167, a T-c-onset = 30K is achieved. A local thermodynamic model based on the stabilities of various Fe cluster arrangements is used to explain the effect of the thermal treatments. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP OBRIEN, JR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT CHEM,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 12 BP 1967 EP 1969 DI 10.1007/BF02653018 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA TJ647 UT WOS:A1995TJ64700040 ER PT J AU Bultman, DH Burmeister, LC Bortone, V AF Bultman, DH Burmeister, LC Bortone, V TI Effects of condenser air flow blockage on vapor-compression refrigerator performance SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The performance of a nominally 10.5-kW (3-ton) vapor-compression refrigeration system was numerically simulated for airflow rates across the condenser heat exchanger between 60 and 150 percent of the standard value. The results can be used for estimating Ae energy and cost savings achievable by restoring standard airflow rates across partially blocked condensers of vapor-compression refrigeration systems. The system coefficient of performance was predicted to decrease by 7.6 percent from its value of 2.912 at standard air flow when airflow across the condenser decreased by 40 percent. The associated pressure rise across the compressor increased by 19 percent above its standard value of 1151 kPa, suggesting that reduced compressor life might be the major economic consequence of condenser airflow blockage. RP Bultman, DH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENGN SCI & APPLICAT DIV,ESA-4,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0195-0738 J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 1995 VL 117 IS 4 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1115/1.2835434 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA TY073 UT WOS:A1995TY07300015 ER PT J AU PARK, YJ AF PARK, YJ TI NEW CONVERSION METHOD FROM RESPONSE SPECTRUM TO PSD FUNCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Note AB A new approach to directly convert a target response spectrum to an equivalent power spectral density (PSD) function is presented that requires no numerical iterations. Following the same approximation scheme used in Monte Carlo simulations, the unknown PSD function is discretized and expressed as the sum of Dirac delta functions. The discretized power components can be obtained by solving a standard least-squares problem. The method was applied to response spectra with steep slopes and sharp turning points. The Monte Carlo simulation results slightly overestimated the zero-period acceleration values. Otherwise, a close match between the target and simulated response spectra was observed. The proposed conversion algorithm is so simple that the method can easily be implemented in existing structural analysis programs as a small subprogram. RP PARK, YJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1995 VL 121 IS 12 BP 1391 EP 1392 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1995)121:12(1391) PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA TF572 UT WOS:A1995TF57200017 ER PT J AU Kumari, SS Willis, JH Skinner, DM AF Kumari, SS Willis, JH Skinner, DM TI Proteins of crustacean exoskeleton .4. Partial amino acid sequences of exoskeletal proteins from the Bermuda land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, and comparisons to certain insect proteins SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PUPAL CUTICLE PROTEIN; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DESORPTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CUTICULAR PROTEINS; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA AB As in all decapod Crustacea, the exoskeleton of the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis consists of four layers. Prior electrophoretic analysis of proteins extracted from these layers revealed an abundance of small M(r) proteins with acidic pIs as are found in insect cuticle (O'Brien et al. [1991 Biol. Bull., 181:427-441). Further, immunological cross-reactivity between crab exoskeletal proteins and insect cuticular proteins has been demonstrated (Kumari and Skinner [1993] J. Exp. Zool., 265:195-210). Partial amino acid sequences of a number of proteins from the four exoskeletal layers are described here. Proteins were electrophoresed on two-dimensional (2D) gels, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, and stained; individual spots were recovered and their N-termini were sequenced. In addition, a 14-kDa protein (pi = 5.4) from membranous layer (ML14) was eluted from 2D gels and digested with endoproteinase Lys-C; N-termini of its constituent peptides were sequenced. The two epicuticular proteins differed from each other. Three proteins with identical electrophoretic mobility isolated from exocuticle, endocuticle, and membranous layer appeared to have identical N termini, while another electrophoretically identical set from the three layers appeared identical with each other but differed in three positions from the first set. Two proteins from the membranous layer both had a mass of 25 kDa but different isoelectric points. Their sequences were indistinguishable from each other but clearly distinct from another membranous layer protein. Another distinct sequence was found in a 14-kDa protein from endocuticle, while a less acidic pair of 14-kDa proteins from endocuticle and membranous layer were quite similar to one another. The three internal peptide fragments from ML14 were distinct, but one had regions similar to the ML14 N terminus. One crab exoskeletal protein sequence was similar to some structural proteins of vertebrates, whereas others had motifs found in insect cuticular proteins. The sequence similarities identified did not account for the antibody cross-reactivity. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV BIOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV, DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL, JOHNSON CITY, TN 37614 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT CELLULAR BIOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 5 BP 389 EP 400 DI 10.1002/jez.1402730504 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA TM546 UT WOS:A1995TM54600003 PM 8576695 ER PT J AU Toth, GP Christ, SA McCarthy, HW Torsella, JA Smith, MK AF Toth, GP Christ, SA McCarthy, HW Torsella, JA Smith, MK TI Computer-assisted motion analysis of sperm from the common carp SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carp; sperm motility; computer-assisted semen analysis; videomicroscopy ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SPERMATOZOA MOTILITY; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SEMEN; INITIATION; EXPOSURE; EPICHLOROHYDRIN; PARAMETERS; OSMOLALITY; MOVEMENT AB Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) technology was applied to the measurement of sperm motility parameters in the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Activated sperm. were videotaped at 200 frames s(-1) and analysed with the CellTrak/S CASA research system. The percentage of motile cells and both sperm head curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity were measured following exposure of carp sperm to three predilution conditions and activation in media of differing ionic strengths and osmotic pressures. The highest percentage of motile sperm was obtained following predilution of sperm in seminal plasma and activation in Na-HEPES buffer pH 8.0. This level of motility was equalled after predilution in 200 mM KCl for 2 h. Straight-line velocities and curvilinear velocities of 130 mu m s(-1) and 210 mu m s(-1) respectively, were observed. Duration of motility was higher under seminal plasma predilution conditions (over 50% motile sperm at 55 s post-activation). The application provides a sound basis for the assessment of sperm characteristics in fish. (C) 1995 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 US DOE,OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. TECHNOL APPL INC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP Toth, GP (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,ECOL MONITORING RES DIV,CELLULAR & BIOCHEM MARKERS BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45268, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 47 IS 6 BP 986 EP 1003 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06023.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA TP036 UT WOS:A1995TP03600006 ER PT J AU Cameron, SM Camacho, JF AF Cameron, SM Camacho, JF TI Characterization of heat transport dynamics in laser-produced plasmas using collective Thomson scattering: Simulation and proposed experiment SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE heat transport; Thomson scattering; laser-plasma interactions ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; NONLOCAL ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; COLLISIONAL ELECTRONS; STIMULATED BRILLOUIN; LIGHT-SCATTERING; KINETIC-THEORY; FILAMENTATION; FLUCTUATIONS; TURBULENCE; DENSITY AB We propose an experiment in which the collective Thomson scattering lineshape obtained from ion acoustic waves is used to infer the spatial structure of local heat transport parameters and collisionality in a laser-produced plasma. The peak-height asymmetry in the ion acoustic wave spectrum will be used in conjunction with a recently developed model describing the effects of collisional and Landau damping contributions on the low-frequency electron density fluctuation spectrum to extract the relative electron drift velocity. This drift arises from temperature gradients in the plasma. The local heat flux, which is proportional to the drift, can then be estimated, and the electron thermal conductivity will be inferred from the relationship between the calculated heat flux and the experimentally determined temperature gradient. Damping of the entropy wave component at zero mode frequency is shown to be an estimate of the ion thermal conductivity, and its visibility is a direct measure of the ion-ion mean free path. We also propose to measure thermal transport parameters under dynamic conditions in which the plasma is heated impulsively by a laser beam on a fast (similar to 50 ps) time scale. This technique will enable us to study heat transport in the presence of the large temperature gradients that are generated by this local heating mechanism. Deviations of the inferred local thermal conductivity from its Spitzer-Harm value can be used to study the transition to a nonlocal heat transport regime. We have constructed a simple numerical model of this proposed experiment and present the results of a simulation. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT APPL SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Cameron, SM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 373 EP 388 DI 10.1007/BF02214515 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA VX492 UT WOS:A1995VX49200005 ER PT J AU NEUGEBAUER, M GOLDSTEIN, BE MCCOMAS, DJ SUESS, ST BALOGH, A AF NEUGEBAUER, M GOLDSTEIN, BE MCCOMAS, DJ SUESS, ST BALOGH, A TI ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF MICROSTREAMS IN THE SOLAR-WIND FROM CORONAL HOLES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STREAMS; SPEED AB During its south polar passage in 1994, the Ulysses spacecraft continuously sampled the properties of the solar wind emanating from the south polar coronal hole. At latitudes poleward of similar to-60 degrees, the solar wind speed had an average value of 764 km/s and a range of 700-833 km/s. The principal variations in the vector velocity were associated with either outward propagating Alfven waves with periods up to about half a day or with longer-period high- or low-speed ''microstreams.'' The microstreams had an amplitude of similar to 40 km/s and a mean half width of 0.4 days, and they recurred on timescales of 2-3 days (power spectral peaks at 1.9 and 3.3 days). The density and temperature profiles showed the expected evidence of pileup and compression on the leading edges of high-speed microstreams, although no forward or reverse shocks were observed. The particle fluxes were nearly the same for both the fast and slow microstreams. The higher-speed microstreams had higher proton temperatures and higher alpha-particle abundances than did the slower microstreams. The absence of latitude variations in the thickness or the recurrence rate suggests that the microstreams are caused by temporal rather than long lived (> a few days) spatial variations in the source region at the Sun, Some speculations are made about the possible cause of the microstreams. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM USA. NASA, GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35812 USA. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL, BLACKETT LAB, LONDON, ENGLAND. RP CALTECH, JET PROP LAB, 4800 OAK GROVE DR, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. NR 24 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23389 EP 23395 DI 10.1029/95JA02723 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200003 ER PT J AU THOMAS, VA WINSKE, D THOMSEN, MF AF THOMAS, VA WINSKE, D THOMSEN, MF TI SIMULATION OF UPSTREAM PRESSURE PULSE-PROPAGATION THROUGH THE BOW SHOCK SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARALLEL SHOCKS; MAGNETOSPHERIC RESPONSE; COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS; SOLAR-WIND; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PLASMA; FLUCTUATIONS; GENERATION; IONS AB The interaction of upstream pressure pulses with the Earth's bow shock and their propagation through the magnetosheath are studied by means of one-dimensional hybrid (particle ions, massless fluid electrons) simulations. The pulses either are generated self-consistently as a result of the presence of ions streaming away from the quasi-parallel shock or are created artificially through density or velocity perturbations in the solar wind some distance upstream of the shock so that interaction of pressure pulses with both the quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular portion of the bow shock can be investigated. We demonstrate that the pulses tend to perturb the shock structure only for a limited time and then propagate in a coherent manner at the magnetosonic speed for large distances (> 5R(E)) downstream of the shock. Implications for the intersection of such pulses with the magnetopause are also addressed. RP THOMAS, VA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23481 EP 23488 DI 10.1029/95JA02856 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200009 ER PT J AU YUR, G RAHMAN, HU BIRN, J WESSEL, FJ MINAMI, S AF YUR, G RAHMAN, HU BIRN, J WESSEL, FJ MINAMI, S TI LABORATORY FACILITY FOR MAGNETOSPHERIC SIMULATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; REGION AB The magnetospheric simulation facility at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) has been recently modified to improve scalings based on magnetohydrodynamic (MWD) theory. In this facility a magnetized plasma stream interacts with a downstream dipole magnetic field simulating the Earth's magnetosphere. Specific improvements include: higher stream-flow velocity, increased plasma density, more intense background and dipole magnetic fields, and improved diagnostic capability. This paper briefly discusses MHD scaling requirements and measurements that are relevant to the laboratory simulation; including a set of time-resolved visible-light images showing the evolution of the model magnetosphere. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. OSAKA CITY UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,OSAKA 558,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PHYS,IRVINE,CA 92717. NATL SPACE PROGRAM OFF,HSINCHU,TAIWAN. RP YUR, G (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23727 EP 23736 DI 10.1029/95JA01162 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200031 ER PT J AU SUN, ZP TURCO, RP WALTERSCHEID, RL VENKATESWARAN, SV JONES, PW AF SUN, ZP TURCO, RP WALTERSCHEID, RL VENKATESWARAN, SV JONES, PW TI THERMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO MORNINGSIDE DIFFUSE AURORA - HIGH-RESOLUTION 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE PLASMA CONVECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NESTED-GRID MODEL; NEUTRAL CIRCULATION; MAGNETIC STORM; F-REGION; GRAVITY-WAVE; WINDS; FEATURES; DYNAMICS AB We have carried out numerical simulations of the thermospheric response to the morningside intense diffuse aurora, using a three-dimensional (3-D), nonhydrostatic, composition-dependent, regional-scale, high-resolution numerical model. A diffuse aurora is represented in the model by its equivalent 3-D features of ion drag and joule heating. The diffuse aurora propagates westward within the model grid, which is fixed in the terrestrial frame. Our numerical results show that the neutral atmospheric response to the diffuse aurora is much weaker in a 3-D simulation than in a two-dimensional (2-D) simulation. For example, the predicted zonal flow is weaker by a factor of roughly 2. The fidelity of the 3-D results is supported by a recent study (Brinkman et al., 1995) in which zonal winds predicted from a 2-D model were shown to be larger than observations by a factor of 2. Our numerical results also show that the inertial gravity waves that are generated in the 3-D flow control the energy dissipation and reduce the dynamical response in the source region. These waves propagate in both the north-south and east-west directions. However, the longitudinal propagation rate is relatively small compared to the latitudinal propagation rate. The simulated westward drift of the diffuse aurora creates a distinct displacement of the propagating disturbances, which further reduces the dynamical response in the source region. The study described here underscores the importance of 3-D high-resolution treatments of upper atmospheric physics to analyze and interpret dynamical, compositional, and electrodynamic observations in this region. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. AEROSP CORP,CTR SPACE & ENVIRONM TECHNOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90009. RP SUN, ZP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23779 EP 23793 DI 10.1029/95JA02298 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200038 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, WC SYMBALISTY, EMD ROUSSELDUPRE, RA AF FELDMAN, WC SYMBALISTY, EMD ROUSSELDUPRE, RA TI ASSOCIATION OF DISCRETE HARD X-RAY ENHANCEMENTS WITH ERUPTION OF MOUNT-PINATUBO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; GROUND-BASED TRANSMITTER; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; MAGNETOSPHERE; THUNDERSTORM; INJECTION; RADIATION; EMISSIONS; SIGNALS AB Hard X ray fluxes in the energy range between 50 keV and 140 keV measured using the Army Background Experiment are found to be associated with the injection by Mount Pinatubo of a massive aerosol into the stratosphere June 14-15, 1991. Discrete X ray enhancement events are observed to increase from an average of 1.8 per month to 20 during a 1-month interval beginning 12 days after the Mount Pinatubo eruption. Systematics of these enhancements suggests a mechanism that requires a strong coupling between magnetospheric and atmospheric processes, perhaps associated with upward lightning. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MS D-466, GRP NIS 1, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23829 EP 23834 DI 10.1029/95JA02725 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200042 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH RASMUSSEN, CE COMBI, MR GOMBOSI, TI WINSKE, D AF MILLER, RH RASMUSSEN, CE COMBI, MR GOMBOSI, TI WINSKE, D TI PONDEROMOTIVE ACCELERATION IN THE AURORAL REGION - A KINETIC SIMULATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC SHOCKS; IONOSPHERIC PLASMA; DYNAMICS EXPLORER; ALFVEN WAVES; ION OUTFLOWS; O+ IONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL; ZONE; COLLISIONS AB Alfven waves with frequencies of the order of several Hertz have been observed in the auroral region. These waves are thought to be responsible for the acceleration of ionospheric particles out of the ionosphere and into the magnetosphere. As an Alfven wave propagates into an inhomogeneous ionosphere, the amplitude of the wave decreases resulting in a gradient in the electric field and a ponderomotive force. The nature of the ponderomotive force is to accelerate ions out of the ionosphere, while accelerating electrons into the ionosphere decreasing the ambipolar electric field. Ponderomotive acceleration of ions can penetrate to low enough altitudes affecting the production regions for O+ and H+ ions. To understand the influences of ponderomotive acceleration on the lower ionosphere, a one-dimensional hybrid particle code is used. The simulation model allows for multiple species, atmospheric chemistry and photoionization, tilted dipolar coordinate system, corotation, and convection. The electrons are treated as a charge neutralizing fluid where the parallel and perpendicular temperatures and heat flows are given by the 16-moment transport equations. Coulomb, ion-neutral, and electron-neutral collisions are included in the hybrid simulation using newly developed collision techniques applicable to kinetic simulations. The altitude dependence of an Alfven wave propagating from 6000 to 200 km in an inhomogeneous ionosphere is determined by solving Maxwell's equations. The parallel and perpendicular envelopes are determined and the resulting nonlinear, non-resonant ponderomotive acceleration of ionospheric ions is calculated. The ponderomotive force is included in the kinetic simulation in the same fashion as gravity or the self-consistent electric field. The acceleration event lasts for 10 min, by which time the density and flow speed profiles have reached equilibrium. The density and now speed at 2500 km after 10 min of acceleration increase from 4.3 cm(-3) and 1.6 km/s to 34 cm(-3) and 6.0 km/s for H+, while the same quantities for O+ increase from 1670 cm(-3) and -0.0009 km/s to 4795 cm(-3) and 7.0 km/s. Collisional coupling between the H+ and O+ contributes to enhancing the outflow of H+. The net response of the ionosphere to the nonlinear ponderomotive force is an enhancement in ionospheric outflow of ions into the magnetosphere. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV APPL THEORET PHYS, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT ATMOSPHER OCEAN & SPACE SCI, SPACE PHYS RES LAB, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RI Combi, Michael/J-1697-2012; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011 OI Combi, Michael/0000-0002-9805-0078; Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23901 EP 23916 DI 10.1029/95JA01908 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200048 ER PT J AU NEMZEK, RJ NAKAMURA, R BAKER, DN BELIAN, RD MCCOMAS, DJ THOMSEN, MF YAMAMOTO, T AF NEMZEK, RJ NAKAMURA, R BAKER, DN BELIAN, RD MCCOMAS, DJ THOMSEN, MF YAMAMOTO, T TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PULSATING AURORAS OBSERVED FROM THE GROUND AND ENERGETIC ELECTRONS AND PLASMA-DENSITY MEASURED AT GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PARTICLE INTERACTIONS; PITCH ANGLE DIFFUSION; NONLINEAR MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; PREDICTIONS; ANALYZER AB We present comparisons of ground-based all-sky video recordings of pulsating auroral events and magnetically conjugate geosynchronous orbit measurements of high-energy electrons and low-energy plasma. The large-scale pulsation events were found to be closely tied to substorm electron injections. For most events, only upper limits were available for the plasma density, which was less than or equal to 1-2 cm(-3). We were unable to find any clear dependence between the plasma density and the pulsations. There were, however, small, rapid fluctuations in the density which had apparent spatial scales similar to those of individual pulsating auroral patches. These simultaneous measurements of the electron flux, plasma density, and pulsation period should be of use in constraining theoretical treatments of the pulsating aurora problem. We find that the conditions for minimum plasma density and plasma density gradient predicted by Demekhov and Trakhtengerts (1994) may not be supported by the geosynchronous data but that their prediction for minimum energetic electron density is supported. Predictions by Davidson and Chiu (1987) of the minimum change in plasma density and electron flux also seem to be supported, The data indicate that the principal factor controlling the onset of pulsations over a particular area may be the arrival of substorm-injected electrons at the conjugate equator. This conclusion could provide the basis for a visible magnetic mapping of the substorm injection region through observations of the pulsating aurora. C1 SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA,JAPAN. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV COLORADO,ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. INST SPACE & ASTRONAUT SCI,SAGAMIHARA,KANAGAWA 229,JAPAN. RP NEMZEK, RJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. RI Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013 OI Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 1995 VL 100 IS A12 BP 23935 EP 23944 DI 10.1029/95JA01756 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA TH672 UT WOS:A1995TH67200050 ER PT J AU FTHENAKIS, VM LIPFERT, FW MOSKOWITZ, PD SAROFF, L AF FTHENAKIS, VM LIPFERT, FW MOSKOWITZ, PD SAROFF, L TI AN ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY EMISSIONS AND HEALTH RISKS FROM A COAL-FIRED POWER-PLANT SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE RISK ASSESSMENT; MERCURY; COAL BURNING; FISH CONSUMPTION; HEALTH RISKS; PARESTHESIA ID METHYLMERCURY AB Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) directed the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the rate and effect of mercury emissions in the atmosphere and technologies to control such emissions. In response to this and other forthcoming analyses the US DOE sponsored a risk assessment project at Brookhaven (BNL) to evaluate health risks of mercury emissions from coal combustion. Methylmercury (MeHg) is the compound predominantly responsible for human exposures to atmospheric mercury in the United States, through the fish ingestion pathway. In the BNL study, health risks to adults resulting from Hg emissions from a hypothetical coal-fired power plant were estimated using probabilistic risk assessment techniques. This study showed that the effects of emissions of a single large power plant may double the background exposures to MeHg resulting from consuming fish obtained from a localized area near the power plant. Even at these more elevated exposure levels, the attributable incidence in mild neurological symptoms (paresthesia) was estimated to be quite small, especially when compared with the estimated background incidence in the population. C1 US DOE,OFF FOSSIL ENERGY,WASHINGTON,DC 20585. RP FTHENAKIS, VM (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(95)00058-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TF911 UT WOS:A1995TF91100009 ER EF