FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU HONDA, M MCDOUGALL, I PATTERSON, DB DOULGERIS, A CLAGUE, DA AF HONDA, M MCDOUGALL, I PATTERSON, DB DOULGERIS, A CLAGUE, DA TI NOBLE-GASES IN SUBMARINE PILLOW BASALT GLASSES FROM LOIHI AND KILAUEA, HAWAII - A SOLAR COMPONENT IN THE EARTH SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINATION; PRIMORDIAL NEON; HELIUM-ISOTOPES; ISLAND BASALTS; REUNION ISLAND; SEAMOUNT; MANTLE; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; DIAMONDS AB Noble gas elemental and isotopic abundances have been analysed in twenty-two samples of basaltic glass dredged from the submarine flanks of two currently active Hawaiian volcanoes, Loihi Seamount and Kilauea. Neon isotopic ratios are enriched in Ne-20 and Ne-21 by as much as 16% with respect to atmospheric ratios. All the Hawaiian basalt glass samples show relatively high He-3/He-4 ratios. The high Ne-20/Ne-22 values in some of the Hawaiian samples, together with correlations between neon and helium systematics, suggest the presence of a solar component in the source regions of the Hawaiian mantle plume. The solar hypothesis for the Earth's primordial noble gas composition can account for helium and neon isotopic ratios observed in basaltic glasses from both plume and spreading systems, in fluids in continental hydrothermal systems, in CO2 well gases, and in ancient diamonds. These results provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the Earth's atmosphere. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAII VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. RP HONDA, M (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH EARTH SCI,GPO BOX 4,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. OI Honda, Masahiko/0000-0002-9545-9855 NR 67 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 859 EP 874 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90174-U PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KN412 UT WOS:A1993KN41200011 ER PT J AU KING, G STURDY, D WHITNEY, J AF KING, G STURDY, D WHITNEY, J TI THE LANDSCAPE GEOMETRY AND ACTIVE TECTONICS OF NORTHWEST GREECE SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES; REPEATED EARTHQUAKES; SURROUNDING REGIONS; HELLENIC ARC; SLIP FAULTS; EVOLUTION; PLATE; DEFORMATION; MORPHOLOGY AB When a region is tectonically deformed, its geometry changes. Some of these changes produce easily identified and often readily datable morphological features such as regions of rapid uplift and subsidence, sediment ponds, or river terraces. These features are usually secondary to the main active structures and consequently do not provide information about them directly. We show, however, that simple models using boundary-element methods can be adapted to relate the evolution of these minor features to motion on major structures. This adds substantially to the information available to determine motion on such features. In this paper, we apply the technique to northwest Greece. We show that, in addition to the long-recognized compressional component of motion in Epirus, a substantial left-lateral strike-slip component of motion must be present. The modelling allows us to identify a regional slip vector of N275-degrees-E. This slip vector suggests that the plate configuration assumed by previous workers must be modified. A new configuration is proposed that remains consistent with the data used for earlier interpretations and our new data. It is proposed that the Medina Wrench is a significant active structure and that a period of quiescence explains the low seismic activity at present. The plate configuration and angular rotation rates that we suggest require that the Gulf of Arta is associated with a triple junction. Using the slip vectors we have defined for the plates meeting at this junction, we model the regions of uplift and subsidence in the region. The ability of this model to explain many features associated with the Gulf provides assurance that our overall tectonic model is correct. C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL, INST PREHIST SCI & ARCHAEOL, LIVERPOOL L69 3BX, ENGLAND. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP KING, G (reprint author), INST PHYS GLOBE STRASBOURG, 5 RUE RENE DESCARTES, F-67084 STRASBOURG, FRANCE. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 105 IS 2 BP 137 EP 161 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0137:TLGAAT>2.3.CO;2 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KL334 UT WOS:A1993KL33400002 ER PT J AU KARLSTROM, KE MILLER, CF KINGSBURY, JA WOODEN, JL AF KARLSTROM, KE MILLER, CF KINGSBURY, JA WOODEN, JL TI PLUTON EMPLACEMENT ALONG AN ACTIVE DUCTILE THRUST ZONE, PIUTE MOUNTAINS, SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA - INTERACTION BETWEEN DEFORMATIONAL AND SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSES SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; GRANITIC MAGMAS; SHEAR ZONE; ROCKS; DIFFERENTIATION; INDICATORS; TRANSITION; BATHOLITH; BEHAVIOR; CRITERIA AB Plutons that are emplaced synchronously with regional deformation offer the opportunity to understand the partitioning of deformation and metamorphism in time and space during orogeny. The 85 Ma East Piute pluton of the eastern Mojave Desert is an unusually clear example of a syntectonic pluton; it was emplaced during thrusting in the southern Cordillera. Combined petrologic and structural studies lead to empirical models for the dynamic interaction of magnetic and deformational processes during granitoid emplacement and final crystallization. Trace- and major-element and isotopic data suggest that closed-system differentiation of a single magma batch was responsible for compositional variation (granodiorite to leucoratic granite). Correlation between degree of chemical evolution of compositional units and intrusive sequence suggests that discrete melt segregation events punctuated fractional crystallization. Modeling of trace-element data suggests segregation of monzogranite melts after 50%-70% crystallization of the magma and segregation of leucocratic granite after about 80% crystallization. Deformation promoted segregation of melt fractions at discrete times during crystallization. During final ascent, and after the magma had crystallized sufficiently (50%-70%) to attain shear strength, monzogranite liquid was incompletely segregated along the active thrust zone at the southern margin of the pluton. At essentially the present crustal level, and after about 80% crystallization, the remaining leucocratic granite melts were more effectively segregated and migrated into thrust-related extensional openings, including tension gashes. Undeformed pegmatite and aplite dike arrays indicate that final crystallization coincided with final increments of shear-zone movement. Solid-state deformational fabrics and brittle synthetic thrusts that offset the pluton margin record sharp temperature decline during and after crystallization. Because plutons crystallize rapidly, they can be used to estimate strain rates during orogeny. Thermal modeling suggests that the transition from rheological liquid to solid in the East Piute pluton occurred during an interval of about 10(4) yr. As final increments of ductile deformation coincided with final crystallization of evolved compositional units, total strain recorded by fabric in the pluton apparently accumulated during this interval. Shear strains estimated from the S-C fabric in the granodiorite unit and rotation of pegmatite-filled vein arrays are on the order of 1. Thus, strain rates in the shear zone were on the order of 10(-12)/sec during crystallization of the pluton. This corresponds to displacements of tens of centimeters per year. These high strain rates suggest punctuated, melt-enhanced movement episodes during contractional orogeny. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KARLSTROM, KE (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. OI Kingsbury, James/0000-0003-4985-275X NR 67 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 105 IS 2 BP 213 EP 230 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0213:PEAAAD>2.3.CO;2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KL334 UT WOS:A1993KL33400007 ER PT J AU STONE, P STEVENS, CH AF STONE, P STEVENS, CH TI LARGE-MAGNITUDE PERMIAN SHORTENING AND CONTINENTAL-MARGIN TECTONICS IN THE SOUTHERN CORDILLERA - DISCUSSION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Discussion ID EAST-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. RP STONE, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,908 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 105 IS 2 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0279:LMPSAC>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KL334 UT WOS:A1993KL33400012 ER PT J AU KOSKI, RA LAMONS, RC DUMOULIN, JA BOUSE, RM AF KOSKI, RA LAMONS, RC DUMOULIN, JA BOUSE, RM TI MASSIVE SULFIDE METALLOGENESIS AT A LATE MESOZOIC SEDIMENT-COVERED SPREADING AXIS - EVIDENCE FROM THE FRANCISCAN COMPLEX AND CONTEMPORARY ANALOGS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; RIDGE; OCEAN; OPHIOLITE; MELANGE; TRENCH; RANGE AB The Island Mountain deposit, an anomalous massive sulfide in the Central belt of the Franciscan subduction complex, northern California Coast Ranges, formed during hydrothermal activity in a sediment-dominated paleo-sea-floor environment. Although the base of the massive sulfide is juxtaposed against a 500-m-wide melange band, its gradational upper contact within a coherent sequence of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone indicates that hydrothermal activity was concurrent with turbidite deposition. Accumulations of sulfide breccia and clastic sulfide were produced by mass wasting of the sulfide mound prior to burial by turbidites. The bulk composition of sulfide samples (pyrrhotite rich; high Cu, As, and Au contents; radiogenic Pb isotope ratios) is consistent with a hydrothermal system dominated by fluid-sediment interaction. On the basis of a comparison with possible contemporary tectonic analogues at the southern Gorda Ridge and the Chile margin triple junction, we propose that massive sulfide mineralization in the Central belt of the Franciscan complex resulted from hydrothermal activity at a late Mesozoic sediment-covered ridge axis prior to collision with the North American plate. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KOSKI, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0137:MSMAAL>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KL339 UT WOS:A1993KL33900011 ER PT J AU MANGAN, MT CASHMAN, KV NEWMAN, S AF MANGAN, MT CASHMAN, KV NEWMAN, S TI VESICULATION OF BASALTIC MAGMA DURING ERUPTION SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION CSD; KILAUEA VOLCANO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DYNAMICS; ROCKS; HAWAII; CRYSTALLIZATION; COALESCENCE; KINETICS; GROWTH AB Vesicle size distributions in vent lavas from the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano are used to estimate nucleation and growth rates of H2O-rich gas bubbles in basaltic magma nearing the earth's surface (less-than-or-equal-to 120 m depth). By using well-constrained estimates for the depth of volatile exsolution and magma ascent rate, nucleation rates of 35.9 events.cm-3.s-1 and growth rates of 3.2 x 10(-4) cm/s are determined directly from size-distribution data. The results are consistent with diffusion-controlled growth as predicted by a parabolic growth law. This empirical approach is not subject to the limitations inherent in classical nucleation and growth theory and provides the first direct measurement of vesiculation kinetics in natural settings. In addition, perturbations in the measured size distributions are used to examine bubble escape, accumulation, and coalescence prior to the eruption of magma. C1 UNIV OREGON,DEPT GEOL SCI,EUGENE,OR 97403. CALTECH,DEPT GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP MANGAN, MT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HONOLULU,HI 96718, USA. NR 29 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 157 EP 160 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0157:VOBMDE>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KL339 UT WOS:A1993KL33900016 ER PT J AU BLOME, CD REED, KM AF BLOME, CD REED, KM TI ACID PROCESSING OF PRE-TERTIARY RADIOLARIAN CHERTS AND ITS IMPACT ON FAUNAL CONTENT AND BIOZONAL CORRELATION SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE CONCRETIONS; AGE AB The numbers of radiolarians visible in thin sections of chert-rich rocks are commonly an order of magnitude greater than the numbers observed on the surfaces of fragments etched by hydrofluoric add (HF) and typically orders of magnitude greater than the numbers of individuals found in HF-processed residues. Destruction of radiolarians during both diagenesis and HF processing severely reduces faunal abundance and diversity and affects the taxonomic and biostratigraphic utility of chert residues. The robust forms that survive the processing represent only a small fraction of the death assemblage, and delicate skeletal structures used for species differentiation, commonly preserved in limestone radiolarian faunas, are either poorly preserved or dissolved in many coeval chert residues. First and last occurrences of taxa in chert sequences are likely to be coarse approximations of their true stratigraphic ranges. Precise correlation is difficult between biozonations based solely on index species from cherts and those constructed from limestone faunas. Careful selection of samples in sequence, use of weaker HF solutions, and study of both chert and limestone faunas should yield better biostratigraphic information. C1 WASHINGTON DIV GEOL & EARTH RESOURCES,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. RP BLOME, CD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 919,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0177:APOPTR>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KL339 UT WOS:A1993KL33900021 ER PT J AU KWOK, YK BEYER, LA AF KWOK, YK BEYER, LA TI GRAVITY DUE TO A BODY WITH ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY ABOUT A VERTICAL AXIS SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Note C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP KWOK, YK (reprint author), HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MATH,CLEAR WATER BAY RD,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 58 IS 2 BP 298 EP 306 DI 10.1190/1.1443414 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KM056 UT WOS:A1993KM05600010 ER PT J AU MARSH, SP AF MARSH, SP TI EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MARSH, SP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KL388 UT WOS:A1993KL38800014 ER PT J AU MOLNIA, BF AF MOLNIA, BF TI POLAR RESEARCH SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP MOLNIA, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF INT GEOL,MAIL STOP 917,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 30 EP 31 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KL388 UT WOS:A1993KL38800032 ER PT J AU BAEDECKER, PA REDDY, MM AF BAEDECKER, PA REDDY, MM TI THE EROSION OF CARBONATE STONE BY ACID-RAIN - LABORATORY AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP BAEDECKER, PA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA KT436 UT WOS:A1993KT43600015 ER PT J AU SMITH, DB HOOVER, DB SANZOLONE, RF AF SMITH, DB HOOVER, DB SANZOLONE, RF TI PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF THE CHIM ELECTROGEOCHEMICAL METHOD AT THE KOKOMO MINE, RUSSELL GULCH, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMICAL-EXPLORATION; GOLD; EXTRACTION; SILVER AB The CHIM electrogeochemical exploration technique was developed in the former Soviet Union about 20 years ago and is claimed to be effective in exploration for concealed mineral deposits that are not detectable by other geochemical or geophysical techniques. The method involves providing a high-voltage direct current to an anode and an array of special collector cathodes. Cations mobile in the electric field are collected at the cathodes and their concentrations determined. The U.S. Geological Survey started a study of the CHIM method by conducting tests over a precious- and base-metal-bearing quartz vein covered with 3 m of colluvial soil and weathered bedrock near the Kokomo Mine, Colorado. The tests show that the CHIM method gives better definition of the vein than conventional soil geochemistry based on a total-dissolution technique. The CHIM technique gives reproducible geochemical anomaly patterns, but the absolute concentrations depend on local site variability as well as temporal variations. Weak partial dissolutions of soils at the Kokomo Mine by an enzyme leach, a dilute acetic acid leach, and a dilute hydrochloric acid leach show results comparable to those from the CHIM method. This supports the idea that the CHIM technique is essentially a weak in-situ partial extraction involving only ions able to move in a weak electric field. RP SMITH, DB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 257 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(93)90025-H PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KP412 UT WOS:A1993KP41200002 ER PT J AU KNEBEL, HJ AF KNEBEL, HJ TI SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS WITHIN A GLACIATED ESTUARINE INNER SHELF SYSTEM - BOSTON HARBOR AND MASSACHUSETTS BAY SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAINE; RIVER; GULF AB Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated reflections (caused by outcrops of bedrock, glacial drift, and coastal plain rocks) or as patterns of strong backscatter (caused by coarse-grained lag deposits). Sediments in these environments range from boulder fields to gravelly sands with megaripples. Inside the harbor. areas of erosion or nondeposition are found primarily near mainland and insular shores and within constricted tidal channels, whereas, on the shelf, they are present over extensive areas of hummocky topography near the coast and atop local bathymetric highs offshore. (2) Environments of sediment reworking are characterized on the sonographs by patterns with patches of strong to weak backscatter caused by a combination of erosional and depositional processes. These environments have diverse grain sizes that range from sandy gravels to muds. Within the harbor, the locations of reworked sediments are uncorrelated with the bottom topography, but, on the shelf, they are found on the lower flanks of bathymetric highs, within broad lows and in relatively deep water (30-50 m). (3) Environments of deposition are depicted on the sonographs as uniform patterns of weak backscatter. These areas contain relatively fine-grained muddy sands and muds. Inside the harbor, depositional environments are found over extensive subtidal flats and within sheltered depressions, whereas, on the shelf, they are restricted to broad lows mainly in deep water. The extreme patchiness of modern sedimentary environments within the Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Bay system reflects the interaction between the irregular bottom topography and both geologic and oceanographic processes. The estuarine part of the system is an effective trap for fine-grained detritus because of its protected nature, low wave climate, and large supply of sediments. The open shelf, however, is largely mantled by winnowed and sorted sediments as a result of erosion during past sea-level fluctuations, sediment resuspension and transport by modern waves and currents, and a spatially variable supply of fine-grained sediments. RP KNEBEL, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,QUISSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA KR897 UT WOS:A1993KR89700002 ER PT J AU PIERCE, BS STANTON, RW EBLE, CF AF PIERCE, BS STANTON, RW EBLE, CF TI COMPARISON OF THE PETROGRAPHY, PALYNOLOGY AND PALEOBOTANY OF THE STOCKTON COAL BED, WEST-VIRGINIA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATIONS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 1991 CL LEXINGTON, KY SP SOC ORGANIC PETROL DE COAL PALEOENVIRONMENT; PALEOMIRE; COAL PETROLOGY; PALYNOFLORA; SPLINT COAL ID CENTRAL APPALACHIAN BASIN; SWAMP VEGETATION; USA; REPRODUCTION; PALEOECOLOGY; MACERALS; FACIES AB The Stockton coal bed (Middle Pennsylvanian) is a relatively high ash coal composed primarily of moderately thin banded, sparsely thin banded, and nonbanded coal (splint and cannel coal). Comparisons of petrographic, palynologic, and paleobotanic data gathered from the same sample sets from a single column of the Stockton coal bed indicate that compositional correspondences among the sets exist regardless of coal type. Some correspondences are believed to exist because of original plant constituents and others because of the paleoenvironment of peat formation. Using some combination of these data is critical when interpreting paleoenvironmental conditions because (1) a direct correspondence is lacking between many of the data and (2) each of the three data sets provides a unique and important perspective on the paleomire. The Stockton paleomire in the area of this study supported a diverse flora that consisted of both small and arboreous lycopsids, small ferns and tree ferns, calamites, cordaites, and pteridosperms. There appear to have been two successions of Lycospora spore-dominated, vitrinite-rich, liptinite-poor peat formation, which were followed by inertinite-rich peat formation marked by a tree fem-dominant spore assemblage and abundant unidentifiable plant tissues. These are interpreted to be two water-laden or topogenous peat formational stages followed by slightly domed, better drained peat formation. C1 KENTUCKY GEOL SURVEY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP PIERCE, BS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 149 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(93)90034-9 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KU376 UT WOS:A1993KU37600004 ER PT J AU HOUSEKNECHT, DW BENSLEY, DF HATHON, LA KASTENS, PH AF HOUSEKNECHT, DW BENSLEY, DF HATHON, LA KASTENS, PH TI ROTATIONAL REFLECTANCE PROPERTIES OF ARKOMA BASIN DISPERSED VITRINITE - INSIGHTS FOR UNDERSTANDING REFLECTANCE POPULATIONS IN HIGH THERMAL MATURITY REGIONS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 1991 CL LEXINGTON, KY SP SOC ORGANIC PETROL DE ROTATIONAL REFLECTANCE; REFLECTANCE ANISOTROPY; BIREFLECTANCE; ARKOMA BASIN; ATOKA FORMATION ID TECTONIC DEFORMATION; OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; ANISOTROPY; PENNSYLVANIA; SHALE; COALS; USA AB Analysis and interpretation of dispersed vitrinite reflectance data in regions of high thermal maturity (>2% vitrinite reflectance) have been equivocal partly because of an increase in width and complexity of reflectance histograms with increasing mean reflectance. Such complexity is illustrated by random reflectance (R(ran)) data from the Arkoma Basin that display a linear increase in standard deviation of R(ran) with an increase in mean R(ran) from 1 to 5%. Evaluating how much of the dispersion in these data is the result of vitrinite anisotropy and how much is the result of mixing of kerogen populations by sedimentary processes and/or sampling procedures has been problematic. Automated collection of reflectance data during polarizer rotation provides preliminary data for solution of this problem. Rotational reflectance data collected from a subset of Arkoma Basin samples reveal positive, linear relationships among maximum (R(max)'), random (R(ran)), rotational (R(rot)), and minimum (R(min)') reflectance, as well as a systematic increase in bireflectance (R(max)'-R(min)') with increasing reflectance. R(max)' and R(rot) display lower standard deviations and narrower, more nearly unimodal histograms than R(ran) and R(min)', suggesting that R(max)' and R(rot) are superior (less ambiguous) indices of thermal maturity. These data patterns are inferred to be mostly an indication of increasing vitrinite anisotropy with increasing thermal maturity, suggesting that the linear covariance observed between mean R(ran) and standard deviation in dispersed organic data sets from regions of high thermal maturity may be explained mostly as the result of increasing vitrinite anisotropy with increasing thermal maturity. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT GEOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HOUSEKNECHT, DW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,915 NATL CTR,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(93)90037-C PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KU376 UT WOS:A1993KU37600007 ER PT J AU RUPPERT, LF MOORE, TA AF RUPPERT, LF MOORE, TA TI DIFFERENTIATION OF VOLCANIC ASH-FALL AND WATER-BORNE DETRITAL LAYERS IN THE EOCENE SENAKIN COAL BED, TANJUNG FORMATION, INDONESIA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR ORGANIC PETROLOGY CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 1991 CL LEXINGTON, KY SP SOC ORGANIC PETROL DE INDONESIA; TANJUNG FORMATION; GRAUPEN AND VERMICULAR KAOLINITE; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; PELITIC; ANATASE; BLUE-CATHODOLUMINESCENT QUARTZ; TONSTEIN ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TONSTEINS; KAOLINITE; ORIGIN AB The Sangsang deposit of the Eocene Senakin coal bed, Tanjung Formation, southeastern Kalimantan, Indonesia, contains 11 layers, which are thin (< 5 cm) and high in ash (> 70%). These layers are characterized by their pelitic macroscopic texture. Examination of eight of the layers by scanning-electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction analyses show that they are composed primarily of fairly well-crystallized kaolinite, much of which is vermicular. Accessory minerals include abundant Ti oxide, rare-earth element-rich Ca and Al phosphates, quartz that luminesces in the blue color range, and euhedral to subhedral pyroxene, hornblende, zircon, and sanidine. Although this mineral suite is suggestive of volcanic ash-fall material, only the four pelitic layers in the middle of the bed are thought to be solely derived from volcanic ash-falls on the basis of diagnostic minerals, replaced glass shards, and lithostratigraphic relationships observed in core and outcrop. The three uppermost pelitic layers contain octahedral chromites, some quartz grains that luminesce in the orange color range, and some quartz grains that contain two-phase fluid inclusions. These layers are interpreted to be derived from a combination of volcanic ash-fall material and hydrologic transport of volcaniclastic sediment. In contrast, the lowermost pelitic layer, which contains large, rounded FeMg-rich chromites, is thought to have been dominantly deposited by water. The source of the volcanic ash-fall material may have been middle Tertiary volcanism related to plate tectonic activity between Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The volcanic ash was deposited in sufficient amounts to be preserved as layers within the coal only in the northern portions of the Senakin region: the southern coal beds in the region do not contain pelitic layers. C1 UNIV CANTERBURY,DEPT GEOL,COAL RES GRP,CHRISTCHURCH,NEW ZEALAND. RP RUPPERT, LF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(93)90041-9 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KU376 UT WOS:A1993KU37600011 ER PT J AU BOWN, TM KRAUS, MJ AF BOWN, TM KRAUS, MJ TI TIME-STRATIGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION AND INTEGRATION OF PALEOPEDOLOGIC, SEDIMENTOLOGIC, AND BIOTIC EVENTS (WILLWOOD FORMATION, LOWER EOCENE, NORTHWEST WYOMING, USA) SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID ALLUVIAL PALEOSOLS; FLOODPLAIN SUITES; FOSSIL SOILS; CHANNEL; BASIN; MODEL AB Relative paleosol maturities are inversely proportional to the accumulation rates of the sediment upon which they formed, and are therefore excellent relative indicators of how much geologic time elapsed between any two horizons. An empirically-based model is advanced using paleosol maturities to estimate the relative geologic time separating any stratigraphic levels within the lower Eocene Will-wood Formation. The revised Willwood time stratigraphy from this analysis helps evaluate the nature, tempo, and possible causes of three major episodes of mammalian appearance and disappearance. These faunal events are directly correlated with certain aspects of paleosol evolution in the Willwood Formation. That evolution is tied directly to climatic changes and to varying sediment accumulation rates in response to tectonism. The first faunal turnover occurs at the base of the Willwood Formation. It coincides with a major increase in pedogenic maturity, reflecting a major decrease in sediment accumulation rate, and accompanying general climatic warming at about the time of the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. Throughout the remainder of Willwood time, there was a gradual, yet continual, decrease in paleosol maturity and degree of hydromorphy, probably related to the progressive structural elevation of the Owl Creek antiform bounding the south and southeast margins of the Bighorn Basin. This gradual decrease was punctuated by two intervals of more significant decline in paleosol maturity and in the incidence of hydromorphic soils. Both intervals are also marked by faunal turnovers. These sedimentologic and biologic events may reflect tectonic pulses, periods when the rate of basin subsidence increased more rapidly. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BOWN, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. RI Kraus, Mary/C-3323-2008 OI Kraus, Mary/0000-0002-1721-2566 NR 58 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD FEB PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 68 EP 80 DI 10.2307/3515222 PG 13 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA KR860 UT WOS:A1993KR86000006 ER PT J AU VICKERS, EW AF VICKERS, EW TI PRODUCTION PROCEDURES FOR AN OVERSIZE SATELLITE IMAGE MAP SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB For almost 20 years the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has used remotely sensed image data captured by the Landsat series of satellites to produce a variety of experimental color and black-and-white image maps. With this experience the USGS developed guidelines and standards (U.S. Geological Survey, 1987) for producing these maps. These guidelines and standards were used to produce and print two 44- by 65-inch, oversized, color image maps of the United Arab Emirates. RP VICKERS, EW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,512 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KK810 UT WOS:A1993KK81000008 ER PT J AU DITERS, CE AF DITERS, CE TI COUNT ON CONFUSION SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Letter RP DITERS, CE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 268 IS 2 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KH854 UT WOS:A1993KH85400001 ER PT J AU PAVLIS, TL SISSON, VB FOSTER, HL NOKLEBERG, WJ PLAFKER, G AF PAVLIS, TL SISSON, VB FOSTER, HL NOKLEBERG, WJ PLAFKER, G TI MIDCRETACEOUS EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS OF THE YUKON-TANANA TERRANE, TRANS-ALASKA CRUSTAL TRANSECT (TACT), EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA SO TECTONICS LA English DT Review ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CANADIAN-CORDILLERA; AUGEN GNEISS; CRYSTALLINE TERRANE; FABRIC DEVELOPMENT; THERMAL EVOLUTION; CHUGACH MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; THRUST BELT AB Mid-Cretaceous crustal extension played a fundamental role in the structural evolution of the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT) in the northern Cordilleran interior. In the central portion of the YTT northwest of Delta Junction, Alaska, a mylonitic shear zone juxtaposes greenschist facies rocks in the upper plate against middle to upper amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks in the lower plate, a juxtaposition suggesting elimination of as much as 10 km of crustal section. The mylonites form a partial sheath enveloping a domal footwall structure and kinematic analysis of the mylonite zone yields a uniform transport direction of hanging wall to ESE. These relations suggest analogies to the metamorphic core complexes of the southern Cordillera. However, the YTT structures are entirely ductile, suggesting either a relatively deep erosional level or relatively high geothermal gradients during extension. In the study area remnants of an older preextensional thrusting event are preserved at the highest structural levels at the base of the Seventymile terrane and the leading edge of YTT in the Wickersham terrane. However, most areas display a regional, subhorizontal fabric that is superimposed on older fabrics, and in the study area this latest fabric is subparallel to the mylonitic sheath of the apparent extensional structure. Thus the conventional viewpoint that this latest fabric is related to thrusting needs to be reevaluated and this fabric may be entirely extensional in origin. Further evidence for extension is provided by clear similarities between YTT and characteristic features of other extensional terranes. Thus we suggest that the YTT is a deeply eroded view of highly extended continental crust. The tectonic mechanism for the extensional event and the magnitude of the extension is uncertain because of complications in regional timing relationships and in alternative interpretations of the reconstruction of the crustal section. Three end-member models based on analogies with Neogene extensional systems are presented as working models to accommodate the alternative interpretations: (1) a Jurassic collision and Cretaceous extension model based on comparisons with the Neogene history of the Mediterranean region; (2) an Early to mid-Cretaceous syncollisional model analogous to the Carpathian Mountains of eastern Europe: and (3) a syncollisional plateau uplift model with extension driven by gravity spreading. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RICE UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77251. UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148. RP PAVLIS, TL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK, USA. NR 101 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 103 EP 122 DI 10.1029/92TC00860 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KL185 UT WOS:A1993KL18500008 ER PT J AU CAYAN, DR PETERSON, DH AF CAYAN, DR PETERSON, DH TI SPRING CLIMATE AND SALINITY IN THE SAN-FRANCISCO BAY ESTUARY SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; CALIFORNIA; BENTHOS; MODEL; BASIN AB Salinity in the San Francisco Bay Estuary almost always experiences its yearly maximum during late summer, but climate variability produces marked interannual variations. The atmospheric circulation pattern impacts the estuary primarily through variations of runoff from rainfall and snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada and, secondarily, through variations in the near-surface salinity in the coastal ocean. While winter precipitation is the primary influence upon salinity in the estuary, spring climate variations also contribute importantly to salinity fluctuations. Spring atmospheric circulation influences both the magnitude and the timing of freshwater flows, through anomalies of precipitation and temperature. To help discriminate between the effects of these two influences, the record is divided into subsets according to whether spring conditions in the region are cool and wet, warm and wet, cool and dry, or warm and dry. Warm springs promote early snowmelt-driven flows, and cool springs result in delayed flows. In addition to effects of winter and spring climate variability operating on the watershed, there are more subtle effects that are transmitted into the estuary from the coastal ocean. These influences are most pronounced in cool and dry springs with high surface salinity (SS) in the coastal ocean versus cool and wet springs with low SS in the coastal ocean. A transect of SS records at stations from the mouth to the head of the bay suggests that the coastal ocean anomaly signal is attenuated from the mouth to the interior of the estuary. In contrast, a delayed, postsummer signal caused by winter and spring runoff variations from the upstream watershed are most pronounced at the head of the estuary and attenuate toward the mouth. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP CAYAN, DR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,US GEOL SURVEY,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1029/92WR02152 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM520 UT WOS:A1993KM52000008 ER PT J AU BOCK, Y AGNEW, DC FANG, P GENRICH, JF HAGER, BH HERRING, TA HUDNUT, KW KING, RW LARSEN, S MINSTER, JB STARK, K WDOWINSKI, S WYATT, FK AF BOCK, Y AGNEW, DC FANG, P GENRICH, JF HAGER, BH HERRING, TA HUDNUT, KW KING, RW LARSEN, S MINSTER, JB STARK, K WDOWINSKI, S WYATT, FK TI DETECTION OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION FROM THE LANDERS EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE USING CONTINUOUS GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; PHASE AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION; CALIFORNIA; FAULTS; SHEAR AB THE measurement of crustal motions in tectonically active regions is being performed increasingly by the satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS)1,2, which offers considerable advantages over conventional geodetic techniques3,4. Continuously operating GPS arrays with ground-based receivers spaced tens of kilometres apart have been established in central Japan5,6 and southern California to monitor the spatial and temporal details of crustal deformation. Here we report the first measurements for a major earthquake by a continuously operating GPS network, the Permanent GPS Geodetic Array (PGGA)7-9 in southern California. The Landers (magnitude M(w) of 7.3) and Big Bear (M(w) 6.2) earthquakes of 28 June 1992 were monitored by daily observations. Ten weeks of measurements, centred on the earthquake events, indicate significant coseismic motion at all PGGA sites, significant post-seismic motion at one site for two weeks after the earthquakes, and no significant preseismic motion. These measurements demonstrate the potential of GPS monitoring for precise detection of precursory and aftershock seismic deformation in the near and far field. C1 MIT,DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV SCI SOFTWARE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP BOCK, Y (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Wdowinski, Shimon/A-4118-2008; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009; Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797; Agnew, Duncan/0000-0002-2360-7783; Minster, Jean Bernard/0000-0003-1268-5177 NR 24 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 28 PY 1993 VL 361 IS 6410 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1038/361337a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KJ590 UT WOS:A1993KJ59000051 ER PT J AU LANGBEIN, J QUILTY, E BRECKENRIDGE, K AF LANGBEIN, J QUILTY, E BRECKENRIDGE, K TI SENSITIVITY OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION INSTRUMENTS TO CHANGES IN SECULAR RATE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-COLOR GEODIMETER MEASUREMENTS; FAULT CREEP; CALIFORNIA; PARKFIELD AB A variety of instruments (including borehole strainmeters, water wells, creepmeters, laser ranging and differential magnetometers) are used to monitor crustal deformation in areas that are prone to geologic hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In monitoring the deformation, one typically examines' the data for either a change in rate, or a simple offset in the record. However, one needs to place a statistical confidence level that the detected signal differs from the background ''noise''. Calculation of the statistical confidence level may be done using the formalism of the matched filter, whose output is the signal-to-noise ratio, rho. Two ingredients are needed to form a matched filter: 1) The power density spectrum of the instrument and 2) the functional form of the simple that we desire to detect. Using the available crustal deformation data from the Parkfield, California network, the background noise for individual instruments as a function of frequency, f, is estimated using the traditional method of the power density spectra. Except for two-color laser distance-ranging data, the power spectra for most of the instruments have a frequency dependence of f(-n) where 2 less-than-or-equal-to n less-than-or-equal-to 3. The confidence level with which a hypothesized signal is present is determined directly from the signal-to-noise ratio, with the numerator being a function of the signal and the denominator being a function of the power spectrum. Using a creepmeter as an example, a 0.04-mm change occurring over 1 hour, a 0.06-mm occurring over 10 hours, or 0.20-mm over 100 hours are all signals for which rho=2 and therefore have only a 5% confidence that these signals could be background noise. RP LANGBEIN, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 22 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1029/92GL02718 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KK361 UT WOS:A1993KK36100002 ER PT J AU MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM AF MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM TI SYMPOSIUM ON SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY - HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE 203RD ACS NATIONAL MEETING - SAN-FRANCISCO, CA (USA), APRIL 5-10, 1992 - FOREWORD SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MILLS, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80347-B PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KJ168 UT WOS:A1993KJ16800001 ER PT J AU MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM PEDERSEN, MJ AF MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM PEDERSEN, MJ TI APPLICATION OF MIXED-MODE, SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY - COMBINING HYDROGEN-BONDING, CATION-EXCHANGE AND VANDERWAALS INTERACTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL CHEMISTRY / 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BASIC DRUGS; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; STATIONARY PHASES; BONDED SILICA; TANDEM; WATER AB Silica- and styrene-divinylbenzene-based mixed-mode resins that contain C-8, C18 and sulphonated cation-exchange groups were compared for their efficiency in isolation of neutral triazine compounds from water and of the basic drug, benzoylecgonine, from urine. The triazine compounds were isolated by a combination of Van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding interactions, and benzoylecgonine was isolated by Van de Waals interactions and cation exchange. All analytes were eluted with a polar organic solvent containing 2% ammonium hydroxide. Larger recoveries (95%) were achieved on copolymerized mixed-mode resins where C18 and sulfonic acid are in closer proximity than on ''blended'' mixed-mode resins (60-70% recovery). C1 CLIN REFERENCE LAB,LENEXA,KS 66214. RP MILLS, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80349-D PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KJ168 UT WOS:A1993KJ16800003 ER PT J AU MEYER, MT MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM AF MEYER, MT MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM TI AUTOMATED SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION OF HERBICIDES FROM WATER FOR GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL CHEMISTRY / 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID ATRAZINE AB An automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the pre-concentration of chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides, and two triazine metabolites from 100-ml water samples. Breakthrough experiments for the C18 SPE cartridge show that the two triazine metabolites are not fully retained and that increasing flow-rate decreases their retention. Standard curve r2 values of 0.998-1.000 for each compound were consistently obtained and a quantitation level of 0.05 mug/l was achieved for each compound tested. More than 10 000 surface and ground water samples have been analyzed by this method. RP MEYER, MT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 13 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80353-A PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KJ168 UT WOS:A1993KJ16800007 ER PT J AU LOCKNER, D AF LOCKNER, D TI ROOM-TEMPERATURE CREEP IN SATURATED GRANITE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TIME-DEPENDENT SIMULATIONS; COMPRESSIVE STRESS STATES; MULTIPLE-CRACK MODEL; BRITTLE SOLIDS; COMPLEX RESISTIVITY; CONFINING PRESSURE; GROWTH; FRACTURE; FAILURE; FATIGUE AB Cylindrical samples of granite were deformed at 26-degrees-C, constant confining pressure (60 MPa), and constant pore pressure (20 MPa). Axial and volumetric strain were determined from changes in the output of resistance foil strain gauges bonded to the rock surface. In addition, dc electrical resistivity was measured parallel to the sample axis, During each experiment (typically lasting from 1-2 weeks), the deviatoric stress sigma(d) applied to the sample was cycled between 70% and 90% of the short-term failure strength. The bulk of the experiments were conducted in the secondary or ''steady state'' creep regime. Inelastic volumetric strain rate was found to obey the law log10(epsilon(v)) = A - B sigma(d) + C log10(epsilon(v)), where B = 0.074 +/- 0.003 MPa-1 and C almost-equal-to -4 (compressive stresses are negative). The C coefficient represents a strain-hardening-like term. The stress dependence is of the same form as the stress dependence measured for mode I crack growth in double cantilever beam experiments. The observed creep behavior is analyzed in terms of stress corrosion and crack growth models including a formulation based on energy release rate for characteristic microcracks. RP LOCKNER, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD,MS-977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 49 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B1 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1029/92JB01828 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KG667 UT WOS:A1993KG66700009 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M AF SAVAGE, JC LISOWSKI, M TI INFERRED DEPTH OF CREEP ON THE HAYWARD FAULT, CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SLIP AB A relation between creep rate at the surface trace of a fault, the depth to the bottom of the creeping zone, and the rate of stress accumulation on the fault is derived from Weertman's 1964 friction model of slip on a fault. A 5 +/- 1 km depth for the creeping zone on the Hayward fault is estimated from the measured creep rate (5 mm/yr) at the fault trace and the rate of stress increase on the upper segment of the fault trace inferred from geodetic measurements across the San Francisco Bay area. Although fault creep partially accommodates the secular slip rate on the Hayward fault, a slip deficit is accumulating equivalent to a magnitude 6.6 earthquake on each 40 km segment of the fault each century. Thus, the current behavior of the fault is consistent with its seismic history, which includes two moderate earthquakes in the mid-1800's. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS-977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B1 BP 787 EP 793 DI 10.1029/92JB01871 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KG667 UT WOS:A1993KG66700027 ER PT J AU FUMAL, TE PEZZOPANE, SK WELDON, RJ SCHWARTZ, DP AF FUMAL, TE PEZZOPANE, SK WELDON, RJ SCHWARTZ, DP TI A 100-YEAR AVERAGE RECURRENCE INTERVAL FOR THE SAN-ANDREAS FAULT AT WRIGHTWOOD, CALIFORNIA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LARGE EARTHQUAKES; PALLETT CREEK; SLIP AB Evidence for five large earthquakes during the past five centuries along the San Andreas fault zone 70 kilometers northeast of Los Angeles, California, indicates that the average recurrence interval and the temporal variability are significantly smaller than previously thought. Rapid sedimentation during the past 5000 years in a 150-meter-wide structural depression has produced a greater than 21-meter-thick sequence of debris flow and stream deposits interbedded with more than 50 datable peat layers. Fault scarps, colluvial wedges, fissure infills, upward termination of ruptures, and tilted and folded deposits above listric faults provide evidence for large earthquakes that occurred in A.D. 1857, 1812, and about 1700, 1610, and 1470. C1 UNIV OREGON, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 8 PY 1993 VL 259 IS 5092 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1126/science.259.5092.199 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KF719 UT WOS:A1993KF71900022 PM 17790984 ER PT J AU DILLON, WP AF DILLON, WP TI CHALLENGER AT SEA - A SHIP THAT REVOLUTIONIZED EARTH-SCIENCE - HSU,KJ SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP DILLON, WP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 8 PY 1993 VL 259 IS 5092 BP 249 EP 250 DI 10.1126/science.259.5092.249 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KF719 UT WOS:A1993KF71900038 PM 17790991 ER PT J AU OLSEN, GH AF OLSEN, GH GP ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS TI COMMON INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF QUAIL AND PHEASANTS SO 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE - ASSOCIATION OF AVIAN VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Annual Conference of the Association-of-Avian-Veterinarians CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1993 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI ORLANDO PA PO BOX 18372, ORLANDO, FL 32861 PY 1993 BP 146 EP 150 PG 5 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BC41P UT WOS:A1993BC41P00030 ER PT S AU YAGER, DB QUICK, JE AF YAGER, DB QUICK, JE BE Gilfrich, JV Huang, TC Hubbard, CR James, MR Jenkins, R Lachance, GR Smith, DK Predecki, PK TI SUPERXAP - A PERSONAL-COMPUTER-BASED PROGRAM FOR ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY-SPECTRA ANALYSIS SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY ANALYSIS, VOL 36 SE ADVANCES IN X-RAY ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY AUG 03-07, 1992 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP UNIV DENVER, DEPT ENGN, INT CTR DIFFRACT DATA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0069-8490 BN 0-306-44571-9 J9 ADV X RAY ANAL PY 1993 VL 36 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Spectroscopy GA BZ73V UT WOS:A1993BZ73V00003 ER PT J AU SHERBURNE, SS BISSONETTE, JA AF SHERBURNE, SS BISSONETTE, JA TI SQUIRREL MIDDENS INFLUENCE MARTEN (MARTES-AMERICANA) USE OF SUBNIVEAN ACCESS POINTS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Note ID SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; FOOD-HABITS AB Martens (Martes americana) use the subnivean zone during winter to obtain prey. In Yellowstone National Park, we noted that martens used access holes differentially, and that a number of subnivean access holes were associated with red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) middens. In this paper we address the question: Does the presence of red squirrel middens influence subnivean access point use by marten? Marten use of access points was influenced significantly by presence of middens. Thirty-three percent of used access points were associated with middens compared to 16% for unused access points (Kendall's tau t = -0.2293, P = 0.015). Martens appeared to key in on subnivean prey and used access holes with higher small mammal biomass (not including squirrels) more frequently (t-test t = -3.0697, df = 88, P = 0.002). When squirrels were included in the analysis, the relationship was strengthened (t-test t = -3.9723, df = 88, P = 0.0001). Scat analyses (n = 69) identified red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi, 35.5%), red squirrel (21.1%), unknown sciurids (9.0%; total sciurids 30.1%) and lagomorphs (16.6%) as the major prey species. Coarse woody debris (CWD) levels around access holes did not differ regardless of whether squirrel middens were present or absent (t-test t = 0.1363, df = 88, P = 0.89). Likewise small mammal biomass levels did not differ whether middens were present or absent (t-test t = 0.9771, df = 88, P = 0.33). Access use was not related to percentage CWD when tested using a separate (unequal) variance estimate t-test (t-test t = -1.5959, df = 88, P = 0.11). C1 UTAH STATE UNIV, F44S,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,UTAH COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP SHERBURNE, SS (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.2307/2426449 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF514 UT WOS:A1993KF51400021 ER PT J AU VONCKEN, JHL VANROERMUND, HLM VANDEREERDEN, AMJ JANSEN, JBH ERD, RC AF VONCKEN, JHL VANROERMUND, HLM VANDEREERDEN, AMJ JANSEN, JBH ERD, RC TI HOLOTYPE BUDDINGTONITE - AN AMMONIUM FELDSPAR WITHOUT ZEOLITIC H2O SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGED MONTMORILLONITE AB Holotype buddingtonite from the Sulphur Bank Quicksilver deposit, Lake County, California, was studied by XRD, IR, STEM, SEM, TGA, DTA and wet chemical analyses. Synthetic anhydrous ammonium feldspar was studied also for comparison. The holotype buddingtonite specimen (NMNH no. 11697400) contains admixtures of FeS2, anatase and, most importantly, montmorillonite. Montmorillonite is capable of reversible dehydration, and its admixture explains the zeolitic behavior previously ascribed to buddingtonite. It is concluded that buddingtonite is an anhydrous ammonium feldspar: i.e., free of zeolitic H2O, with no zeolitic properties. C1 FAC EARTH SCI UTRECHT,DEPT CHEM GEOL,3508 TA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. US GEOL SURVEY,IGNEOUS & GEOTHERMAL PROC BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 204 EP 209 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA KM433 UT WOS:A1993KM43300022 ER PT J AU RUMSEY, GL HUGHES, SG WINFREE, RA AF RUMSEY, GL HUGHES, SG WINFREE, RA TI CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL-EVALUATION OF SOYA PROTEIN PREPARATIONS AS PRIMARY NITROGEN-SOURCES FOR RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTRO-INTESTINAL ALLERGY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SOYBEAN-MEAL; ATLANTIC SALMON; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; CARCASS COMPOSITION; PRERUMINANT CALVES; GROWTH; DIETS; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Five soya-bean preparations that had been subjected to various physicochemical processing procedures were chemically defined in respect to proximate analysis, amino acid analyses, protease inhibitor activity, soluble oligosaccharides and antigenicity. These soya preparations were then formulated, along with a low-temperature fish meal control, into six isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets. The diets were fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in feeding trials as well as in tests using specially constructed metabolic chambers. Based on the chemical and biological results, we concluded that soya-bean oligosaccharides do not have to be removed or modified tor maximum growth or nitrogen utilization by rainbow trout. Likewise, the protease or trypsin inhibitor activity. which was low for all experimental treatments, did not appear to be a major factor in determining fish performance. Although the results regarding naturally occurring soya antigens only suggested allergenicity, it is concluded that more attention should be focused on these heat-stable proteins with antigenic or allergenic potential in fish diets. RP RUMSEY, GL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,3075 GRACIE RD,CORTLAND,NY 13045, USA. NR 62 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KJ601 UT WOS:A1993KJ60100006 ER PT B AU FERRIGNO, JG LUCCHITTA, BK MULLINS, KF ALLISON, AL ALLEN, RJ GOULD, WG AF FERRIGNO, JG LUCCHITTA, BK MULLINS, KF ALLISON, AL ALLEN, RJ GOULD, WG BE Steffen, K TI VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS AND CHANGES IN POSITION OF THWAITES-GLACIER ICEBERG TONGUE FROM AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY, LANDSAT IMAGES AND NOAA AVHRR DATA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 17 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice CY MAY 17-22, 1992 CL UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, BOULDER, CO SP INT GLACIOL SOC, UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AMER GEOPHYS UNION, INT ASSOC PHYS SCI OCEAN, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS SNOW & ICE, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMM REMOTE SENSING & DATA TRANSMISS HO UNIV COLORADO BOULDER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER BN 0-946417-09-1 PY 1993 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Optics; Water Resources SC Geology; Oceanography; Optics; Water Resources GA BZ49K UT WOS:A1993BZ49K00037 ER PT B AU JOSBERGER, EG CAMPBELL, WJ GLOERSEN, P CHANG, ATC RANGO, A AF JOSBERGER, EG CAMPBELL, WJ GLOERSEN, P CHANG, ATC RANGO, A BE Steffen, K TI SNOW CONDITIONS AND HYDROLOGY OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN FROM SATELLITE PASSIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 17 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice CY MAY 17-22, 1992 CL UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, BOULDER, CO SP INT GLACIOL SOC, UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AMER GEOPHYS UNION, INT ASSOC PHYS SCI OCEAN, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS SNOW & ICE, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMM REMOTE SENSING & DATA TRANSMISS HO UNIV COLORADO BOULDER C1 UNIV PUGET SOUND,US GEOL SURVEY,ICE & CLIMATE PROJECT,TACOMA,WA 98416. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER BN 0-946417-09-1 PY 1993 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Optics; Water Resources SC Geology; Oceanography; Optics; Water Resources GA BZ49K UT WOS:A1993BZ49K00051 ER PT B AU LUCCHITTA, BK MULLINS, KF ALLISON, AL FERRIGNO, JG AF LUCCHITTA, BK MULLINS, KF ALLISON, AL FERRIGNO, JG BE Steffen, K TI ANTARCTIC GLACIER-TONGUE VELOCITIES FROM LANDSAT IMAGES - 1ST RESULTS SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 17 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice CY MAY 17-22, 1992 CL UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, BOULDER, CO SP INT GLACIOL SOC, UNIV COLORADO BOULDER, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AMER GEOPHYS UNION, INT ASSOC PHYS SCI OCEAN, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS SNOW & ICE, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMM REMOTE SENSING & DATA TRANSMISS HO UNIV COLORADO BOULDER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER BN 0-946417-09-1 PY 1993 BP 356 EP 366 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Optics; Water Resources SC Geology; Oceanography; Optics; Water Resources GA BZ49K UT WOS:A1993BZ49K00057 ER PT J AU BRICKER, OP RICE, KC AF BRICKER, OP RICE, KC TI ACID-RAIN SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE GROUNDWATER ACIDIFICATION; STREAMWATER ACIDIFICATION; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; APPALACHIAN FORESTS; RED SPRUCE; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; EMISSIONS; URBAN C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP BRICKER, OP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 432,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 94 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 1993 VL 21 BP 151 EP 174 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.21.1.151 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA LE093 UT WOS:A1993LE09300006 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR AF LOVLEY, DR TI DISSIMILATORY METAL REDUCTION SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE IRON; MANGANESE; URANIUM; SELENIUM; CHROMIUM ID ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; FERRIC IRON REDUCTION; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; MERCURY-RESISTANT-BACTERIA; CHROMATE-REDUCING STRAIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AMBIGUA G-1; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; SELENATE REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR AB Microorganisms can enzymatically reduce a variety of metals in metabolic processes that are not related to metal assimilation. Some microorganisms can conserve energy to support growth by coupling the oxidation of simple organic acids and alcohols, H2, or aromatic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). This dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction influences the organic as well as the inorganic geochemistry of anaerobic aquatic sediments and ground water. Microorganisms that use U(VI) as a terminal electron acceptor play an important role in uranium geochemistry and may be a useful tool for removing uranium from contaminated environments. Se(VI) serves as a terminal electron acceptor to support anaerobic growth of some microorganisms. Reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) is an important mechanism for the precipitation of selenium from contaminated waters. Enzymatic reduction of Cr(VI) to the less mobile and less toxic Cr(III), and reduction of soluble Hg(II) to volatile Hg(0) may affect the fate of these compounds in the environment and might be used as a remediation strategy. Microorganisms can also enzymatically reduce other metals such as technetium, vanadium, molybdenum, gold, silver, and copper, but reduction of these metals has not been studied extensively. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 430 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 144 TC 518 Z9 541 U1 17 U2 153 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4227 EI 1545-3251 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 1993 VL 47 BP 263 EP 290 DI 10.1146/annurev.micro.47.1.263 PG 28 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MA276 UT WOS:A1993MA27600010 PM 8257100 ER PT S AU COOPER, AK EITTREIM, S TENBRINK, U ZAYATZ, I AF COOPER, AK EITTREIM, S TENBRINK, U ZAYATZ, I BE Kennett, JP Warnke, DA TI CENOZOIC GLACIAL SEQUENCES OF THE ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN AS RECORDERS OF ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET FLUCTUATIONS SO ANTARCTIC PALEOENVIRONMENT: A PERSPECTIVE ON GLOBAL CHANGE, PT 2 SE ANTARCTIC RESEARCH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Role of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica in Global Change: An Ocean Drilling Perspective CY AUG 28-31, 1991 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP JOI, USSAC, NATL SCI FDN, DIV POLAR PROGRAMS HO UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0066-4634 BN 0-87590-838-1 J9 ANTAR RES S PY 1993 VL 60 BP 75 EP 89 PG 15 WC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA BA82F UT WOS:A1993BA82F00005 ER PT J AU LIND, CJ HEM, JD AF LIND, CJ HEM, JD TI MANGANESE MINERALS AND ASSOCIATED FINE PARTICULATES IN THE STREAMBED OF PINAL CREEK, ARIZONA, USA - A MINING-RELATED ACID DRAINAGE PROBLEM SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The Pinal Creek drainage basin in Arizona is a good example of the principal non-coal source of mining-related acid drainage in the U.S.A., namely copper mining. Infiltration of drainage waters from mining and ore refining has created an acid groundwater plume that has reacted with calcite during passage through the alluvium, thereby becoming less acid. Where O2 is present and the water is partially neutralized, iron oxides have precipitated and, farther downstream where the pH of the stream water is near neutral, high-Mn crusts have developed. Trace metal composition of several phases in the Pinal Creek drainage basin illustrates the changes caused by mining activities and the significant control Mn-crusts and iron oxide deposits exert on the distribution and concentration of trace metals. The phases and locales considered are the dissolved phase of Webster Lake, a former acid waste disposal pond; selected sections of cores drilled in the alluvium within the intermittent reach of Pinal Creek; and the dissolved phase, suspended sediments, and streambed deposits at specified locales along the perennial reach of Pinal Creek. In the perennial reach of Pinal Creek, manganese oxides precipitate from the streamflow as non-cemented particulates and coatings of streambed material and as cemented black crusts. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that the non-cemented manganese oxides precipitate in the reaction sequence observed in previous laboratory experiments using simpler solution composition, Mn3O4 to MnOOH to an oxide of higher oxidation number usually <4.0, i.e. Na-birnessite, and that the black cemented crusts contain (Ca,Mn,Mg)CO3 and a 7-angstrom phyllomanganate mixture of rancieite ((Ca,Mn)Mn4O9.(3H2O)) and takanelite ((Mn,Ca)Mn4O9.(3H2O)). In the laboratory, aerating and increasing the pH of Pinal Creek water to 9.00 precipitated (Ca,Mn,Mg)CO3 from an anoxic groundwater that contained CO2 and HCO3, and precipitated Mn3O4 and subsequently MnOOH from an oxic surface water from which most of the dissolved CO2 had been removed. It is suggested that the black cemented crusts form by precipitation of Fe on the Mn-enriched carbonates, creating a site for the Mn-Fe oxidation cycle and thus encouraging the conversion of the carbonates to 7-angstrom phyllomanganates. The non-magnetic <63-mum size-fractions of the black cemented crusts consisted mostly of the manganese-calcium oxides but also contained about 20% (Ca,Mn,Mg)CO3, 5% Fe (calculated as FeOOH), 2-4% exchangeable cations, and trace amounts of several silicates. RP LIND, CJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(93)90057-N PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KE497 UT WOS:A1993KE49700005 ER PT J AU MADENJIAN, CP CARPENTER, SR NOGUCHI, GE AF MADENJIAN, CP CARPENTER, SR NOGUCHI, GE TI INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL FOR DIELDRIN CONTAMINATION IN LAKE TROUT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; MICHIGAN; FISH; CONGENERS; GROWTH; DIET; PCB AB An individual-based model (IBM) was applied to dieldrin contamination in the lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population of Lake Michigan in order to determine if a model structure originally developed for contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Michigan lake trout would also apply to dieldrin contamination. Many different congeners constitute PCBs, whereas dieldrin is a single chemical compound. The model accurately accounted for the variation in dieldrin concentrations exhibited within the Lake Michigan lake trout population. The degree of variability included in dieldrin concentrations of the prey fish was similar to that used for modeling total PCBs. These results supported the argument that any heterogeneity in PCB congener distribution in Lake Michigan contributed relatively little to the observed variability in lake trout total PCB concentrations. Furthermore, these results indicate that the IBM has potential to be applicable to a variety of organochlorine contaminants. The IBM should prove useful for risk assessment of contaminants in fish. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR LIMNOL,MADISON,WI 53706. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP MADENJIAN, CP (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,SANDUSKY BIOL STN,6100 COLUMBUS AVE,SANDUSKY,OH 44870, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KF371 UT WOS:A1993KF37100011 ER PT J AU SEITZINGER, SP NIELSEN, LP CAFFREY, J CHRISTENSEN, PB AF SEITZINGER, SP NIELSEN, LP CAFFREY, J CHRISTENSEN, PB TI DENITRIFICATION MEASUREMENTS IN AQUATIC SEDIMENTS - A COMPARISON OF 3 METHODS SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACETYLENE BLOCK; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION; N CYCLING; N-15; N-2-FLUX ID NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTION; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NITRATE REDUCTION; STREAM SEDIMENT; FRESH-WATER; OXYGEN AB Measurements of denitrification using the acetylene inhibition, N-15 isotope tracer, and N-2 flux methods were carried out concurrently using sediment cores from Vilhelmsborg so, Denmark, in an attempt to clarify some of the limitations of each technique. Three experimental treatments of overlying water were used: control, nitrate enriched, and ammonia enriched water. The N-2 flux and N-15 tracer experiments showed high rates of coupled nitrification/denitrification in the sediments. The acetylene inhibition method did not capture any coupled nitrification/denitrification. This could be explained by acetylene inhibition of nitrification. A combined N-15 tracer/acetylene inhibition experiment demonstrated that acetylene inhibition of N2O reduction was incomplete and the method, therefore, only measured approximately 50% of the denitrification due to nitrate from the overlying water. Similar rates of denitrification due to nitrate in the overlying water were measured by the N-2 flux method and the acetylene inhibition method, after correcting for the 50% efficiency of acetylene inhibition. Rates of denitrification due to nitrate from the overlying water measured by the N-15 tracer method, however, were only approximately 35% or less of those measured by the acetylene inhibition or N-2 flux methods. C1 UNIV AARHUS,DEPT ECOL & GENET,DK-8000 AARHUS C,DENMARK. US GEOL SURVEY,MS 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NATL ENVIRONM RES INST,DIV FRESHWATER ECOL,DK-8600 SILKEBORG,DENMARK. RP SEITZINGER, SP (reprint author), ACAD NAT SCI PHILADELPHIA,DIV ENVIRONM RES,1900 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PKWY,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19103, USA. RI Caffrey, Jane/A-3212-2013; Nielsen, Lars Peter/J-7401-2013 OI Nielsen, Lars Peter/0000-0002-7269-4860 NR 65 TC 149 Z9 163 U1 6 U2 47 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 147 EP 167 DI 10.1007/BF00023750 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA MV603 UT WOS:A1993MV60300001 ER PT J AU ERTEL, JR CAINE, JM THURMAN, EM AF ERTEL, JR CAINE, JM THURMAN, EM TI BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS AS SOURCE INDICATORS FOR DISSOLVED FULVIC-ACIDS IN A BOG SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOMARKERS; DOC; FULVIC ACIDS; LIGNINS; CARBOHYDRATES ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATERIAL; COASTAL MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CUO-OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIGNIN COMPONENT; PLANT-TISSUES; UNITED-STATES; AMAZON RIVER; MATTER AB In order to evaluate the sources of DOC in a subalpine bog, we compare the lignin and carbohydrate compositions of aquatic fulvic acid isolated from the bog (BogW-FA) with the fulvic acids isolated from water leachates of two local plants, sedge (sedgeL-FA) and willow leaves (willowL-FA), and of the peat in the bog (peatL-FA). The bogW-FA and peatL-FA. have similar biomarker compositions and both differ significantly from either of the fulvic acids from the water leachate of the plants. Thus, the biomarker data strongly suggest that the peat, and not fresh leaffall, provides most of the aquatic fulvic acid to the bog at this lime of year (Fall). However, additional sources of lignin- and carbohydrate depleted fulvic acid to the bog are also needed to quantitatively match the relatively low levels of recognizable biochemicals in the aquatic fulvic acid from the bog. The unusual lignin compositions of both plant leachates suggest that nonstructural lignin phenol producing components, such as lignans, are part of the water-extractable component of plants. These extractable plant products could potentially contribute to aquatic fulvic acids in other environments or at different times of the year. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. RP ERTEL, JR (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MARINE SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 195 EP 212 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA MM809 UT WOS:A1993MM80900003 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, DM SMITH, RL HARNISH, RA MILLER, CL BENCALA, KE AF MCKNIGHT, DM SMITH, RL HARNISH, RA MILLER, CL BENCALA, KE TI SEASONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLANKTONIC MICROORGANISMS AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATERIAL IN AN ALPINE STREAM SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALPINE STREAMS; ATP; BACTERIA; DOC; GLUCOSE; HETEROTROPHY; LEAF LEACHATES ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; COLORADO; CARBON; MATTER; USA; SUBSTANCES; ALUMINUM; BIOMASS; OXIDES; WATER AB The relationships between the abundance and activity of planktonic, heterotrophic microorganisms and the quantity and characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a Rocky Mountain stream were evaluated. Peak values of glucose uptake, 2.1 nmol L-1 hr-1, and glucose concentration, 333 nM, occurred during spring snowmelt when the water temperature was 4.0-degrees-C and the DOC concentration was greatest. The turnover time of the in situ glucose pool ranged seasonally from 40-1110 hours, with a mean of 272 hr. Seasonal uptake of H-3-glucose, particulate ATP concentrations, and direct counts of microbial biomass were independent of temperature, but were positively correlated with DOC concentrations and negatively correlated with stream discharge. Heterotrophic activity in melted snow was generally low, but patchy. In the summer, planktonic heterotrophic activity and microbial biomass exhibited small-scale diel cycles which did not appear to be related to fluctuations in discharge or DOC, but could be related to the activity of benthic invertebrates. Leaf-packs placed under the snow progressively lost weight and leachable organic material during the winter, indicating that the annual litterfall in the watershed may be one source of the spring flush of DOC. These results indicate that the availability of labile DOC to the stream ecosystem is the primary control on seasonal variation in heterotrophic activity of planktonic microbial populations. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MCKNIGHT, DM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 39 EP 59 DI 10.1007/BF00002687 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA LV134 UT WOS:A1993LV13400003 ER PT J AU SMITH, RL MILLER, LG HOWES, BL AF SMITH, RL MILLER, LG HOWES, BL TI THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF METHANE IN LAKE FRYXELL, AN AMICTIC, PERMANENTLY ICE-COVERED, ANTARCTIC LAKE SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ANTARCTIC LAKE; CARBON CYCLE; METHANE; METHANE OXIDATION; METHANE PRODUCTION ID BIG-SODA LAKE; HYDROCARBON GASES; MEROMICTIC LAKE; VICTORIA LAND; TAYLOR VALLEY; DESERT LAKES; SEDIMENTS; OXIDATION; METABOLISM; CARBON AB The abundance and distribution of dissolved CH4 were determined from 1987-1990 in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, an amictic, permanently ice-covered lake in which solute movement is controlled by diffusion. CH4 concentrations were < 1 muM in the upper oxic waters, but increased below the oxycline to 936 muM at 18 m. Sediment CH4 was 1100 mumol (l sed)-1 in the 0-5 cm zone. Upward flux from the sediment was the source of the CH4, NH4+, and DOC in the water column; CH4 was 27% of the DOC + CH4 carbon at 18 m. Incubations with surficial sediments indicated that (HCO3-)-C-14 reduction was 0.4 mumol (l sed)-1 day-1 or 4x the rate of acetate fermentation to CH4. There was no measurable CH4 production in the water column. However, depth profiles of CH4, NH4+, and DIC normalized to bottom water concentrations demonstrated that a significant CH4 sink was evident in the anoxic, sulfate-containing zone of the water column (10-18 m). The (deltaCH4)-C-13 in this zone decreased from -72 parts per thousand at 18 m to -76 parts per thousand at 12 m, indicating that the consumption mechanism did not result in an isotopic enrichment of (CH4)-C-13. In contrast, (deltaCH4)-C-13 increased to -55 parts per thousand at 9 m due to aerobic oxidation, though this was a minor aspect of the CH4 cycle. The water column CH4 profile was modeled by coupling diffusive flux with a first order consumption term; the best-fit rate constant for anaerobic CH4 consumption was 0.012 yr-1. On a total carbon basis, CH4 consumption in the anoxic water column exerted a major effect on the flux of carbonaceous material from the underlying sediments and serves to exemplify the importance of CH4 to carbon cycling in Lake Fryxell. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP SMITH, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 61 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 95 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF00000873 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA LW807 UT WOS:A1993LW80700003 ER PT J AU CEBALLOS, G MELLINK, E HANEBURY, LR AF CEBALLOS, G MELLINK, E HANEBURY, LR TI DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF PRAIRIE DOGS CYNOMYS-MEXICANUS AND CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS IN MEXICO SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB The two living species of black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys mexicanus and C. ludovicianus are found in Mexico. Cynomys mexicanus, a Mexican endemic, is restricted to a 600-km2 region in northwestern Mexico. It is found in six large arid grassland valleys associated with gypsum soils and surrounded by arid scrub. Due to the small geographic range and destruction of its habitat this species is considered endangered Cynomys ludovicianus is found in northwestern Mexico. Its present distribution comprises a very large complex covering approximately 55000 ha, eight major dogtowns, and more than one million prairie dogs. Indeed, this population represents the largest continuous prairie dog complex left in North America. However, its present conservation status is considered as threatened, mainly because of the rapid deterioration of its habitat. C1 CISESE,SAN YSIDRO,CA 92073. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO. RP CEBALLOS, G (reprint author), NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,CTR ECOL,APDO POSTAL 70-275,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. OI Mellink, Eric/0000-0003-0705-9235; Ceballos, Gerardo/0000-0001-8374-2656 NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1993 VL 63 IS 2 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(93)90497-O PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA219 UT WOS:A1993KA21900001 ER PT J AU ELLIS, DH BEDNARZ, JC SMITH, DG FLEMMING, SP AF ELLIS, DH BEDNARZ, JC SMITH, DG FLEMMING, SP TI SOCIAL FORAGING CLASSES IN RAPTORIAL BIRDS SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-CENTER HYPOTHESIS; FOOD; EAGLES; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; COLONY; ROOSTS; TERNS; SIZE C1 BOISE STATE UNIV,BOISE,ID 83725. SO CONNECTICUT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06515. RP ELLIS, DH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 67 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.2307/1312102 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KD236 UT WOS:A1993KD23600004 ER PT J AU Kennedy, WJ Cobban, WA AF Kennedy, W. J. Cobban, W. A. TI Upper Campanian ammonites from the Ozan-Annona Formation boundary in Southwestern Arkansas SO BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK LA English DT Article ID TRACE FOSSILS AB The top of the Ozan Formation and basal phosphate nodule bed of the Annona Chalk near Okay in Howard County, Arkansas yield rich upper Campanian ammonite faunas. The Ozan assemblage is: Nostoceras (Nostoceras) archiacianum (d'Orbigny, 1842), Didymoceras donezianum (Mikhailov, 1951). D. sp., and Neancyloceras cf. bipunctatum (Schluter, 1872), and is of wholly northwest European aspect, correlating with the upper part of the classic upper Campanian Nostoceras (Bostrychoceras) polyplocum zone, the D. donezianum zone of Blaszkiewicz (1980) and the lower part of the Belemnitella langei zone of the European White Chalk sequence. The basal Annona phosphates include cosmopolitan taxa such as Pseudophyllites, Desmophyllites, Pachydiscus and Menuites, plus 11 heteromorph species of Gulf Coast and U. S. Western Interior type that can be correlated with the Campanian Baculites gregoryensis and B. reduncus zones of the Western Interior sequence. Two new species of Nostoceras (Nostoceras) are described from the base of the Annona. C1 [Cobban, W. A.] Univ Museum, Geol Collect, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. [Cobban, W. A.] US Geol Survey, Paleontol & Stratig Branch, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kennedy, WJ (reprint author), Univ Museum, Geol Collect, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. NR 105 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC DENMARK PI COPENHAGEN PA OSTER VOLDGADE 5-7, DK-1350 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 2245-7070 J9 B GEOL SOC DENMARK JI Bull. Geol. Soc. Den. PY 1993 VL 40 BP 115 EP 148 PN 1-2 PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V62QS UT WOS:000204234600005 ER PT J AU WILK, RJ AF WILK, RJ TI OBSERVATIONS ON SYMPATRIC TUNDRA, CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS, AND TRUMPETER SWANS, C-BUCCINATOR, IN NORTH-CENTRAL ALASKA, 1989-1991 SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE TUNDRA SWAN; CYGNUS-COLUMBIANUS; TRUMPETER SWAN; CYGNUS-BUCCINATOR; INTERIOR ALASKA AB An aerial census of summering swans in Alaska's north-central interior in 1989 showed 25 Tundra (Cygnus columbianus) and 35 Trumpeter Swans (C buccimitor) on a sympatric nesting range. Four of six Tundra Swan nests were in the Kanuti River drainage, and four of seven Trumpeter Swan nests were in the Kanuti-Chalatna Creek drainage. Tundra Swan nest lakes averaged 169 +/- 7% (CV) m elevation, and Trumpeter Swan, 181 +/- 10% m. Combined densities of nests for both species was 1 nest/625 km2 of suitable habitat. Most Tundra Swan nest lakes occurred in meadow, whereas Trumpeter Swans favored forest. Six of eleven and six of sixteen Tundra and Trumpeter pairs had clutches averaging 4.7 +/- 10.1% and 4.0 +/- 15.8% eggs, respectively. Recruitment at fledging was 20% for Tundras and 6-11% for Trumpeters. The present population and available habitat favors he marginal expansion of Trumpeter Swans, though in late years, it is not likely all young would fledge by freeze-up. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,KANUTI NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 107 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MZ029 UT WOS:A1993MZ02900008 ER PT J AU MADENJIAN, CP CARPENTER, SR ECK, GW MILLER, MA AF MADENJIAN, CP CARPENTER, SR ECK, GW MILLER, MA TI ACCUMULATION OF PCBS BY LAKE TROUT (SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH) - AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL APPROACH SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID THE-YEAR WALLEYE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ONTARIO SALMONIDS; COMPUTER-MODELS; MICHIGAN; GROWTH; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; POPULATION AB To explain the variation in growth and in concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among individual fish, an individual-based model (IBM) was applied to the lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population in Lake Michigan. The IBM accurately represented the variation in growth exhibited by the different age classes of lake trout. Uncertainty analysis of the IBM revealed that mean PCB concentration for the lake trout population was most sensitive to PCB concentration in their prey. The variability in PCB concentration among lake trout individuals was not adequately explained by the IBM, unless variation in prey fish PCBs was included in the model. To accomplish this, the simulated lake trout population was divided into subsets subjected to different levels of PCB concentration in the prey fish. Thus, model results indicated that variability in prey fish PCB concentration was an important component of the variation in PCB concentration observed among individual lake trout comprising the Lake Michigan population. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR LIMNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 49 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 50 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK295 UT WOS:A1993LK29500012 ER PT J AU GASTON, AJ CARTER, HR SEALY, SG AF GASTON, AJ CARTER, HR SEALY, SG TI WINTER ECOLOGY AND DIET OF ANCIENT MURRELETS OFF VICTORIA, BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; NEW-BRUNSWICK; ISLAND AB We studied Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus) in coastal areas near Victoria, British Columbia, by means of small-boat transects and collected birds to examine stomach contents and body weights during the winters of 1977 - 1979. The diet was composed almost entirely of adult Euphausia pacifica, except in November 1978, when herring were also common. Numbers of murrelets recorded on the water per kilometre travelled correlated with tidal amplitude, suggesting that tidal mixing affected prey availability. Body weights were high compared with those of breeding birds, peaking in January, when stomachs contained the maximum number of prey organisms. Dives were brief. Feeding intensity, or food availability, may reach a maximum in midwinter. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DIXON,CA 95620. UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT ZOOL,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. RP GASTON, AJ (reprint author), CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,OTTAWA K1A 0H3,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1139/z93-010 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KM664 UT WOS:A1993KM66400010 ER PT J AU KVENVOLDEN, KA LORENSON, TD AF KVENVOLDEN, KA LORENSON, TD TI METHANE IN PERMAFROST - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS FROM CORING AT FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ AB Permafrost has been suggested as a high-latitude source of methane (a greenhouse gas) during global warming. To begin to assess the magnitude of this source, we have examined the methane content of permafrost in samples from shallow cores (maximum depth, 9.5 m) at three sites in Fairbanks, Alaska, where discontinuous permafrost is common. These cores sampled frozen loess, peat, and water (ice) below the active layer. Methane contents of permafrost range from < 0.001 to 22.2 mg/kg of sample. The highest methane content of 22.2 mg/kg was found in association with peat at one site. Silty loess had high methane contents at each site of 6.56, 4.24, and 0.152 mg/kg, respectively. Carbon isotopic compositions of the methane (deltaC-13) ranged from -70.8 to -103.9 parts per thousand, and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the methane (deltaD) from -213 to -313 parts per thousand, indicating that the methane is microbial in origin. The methane concentrations were used in a one dimensional heat conduction model to predict the amount of methane that will be released from permafrost worldwide over the next 100 years, given two climate change scenarios. Our results indicate that at least 30 years will elapse before melting permafrost releases important amounts of methane; a maximum methane release rate will be about 25 to 30 Tg/yr, assuming that methane is generally distributed in shallow permafrost as observed in our samples. RP KVENVOLDEN, KA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90446-C PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500040 ER PT J AU STRIEGL, RG AF STRIEGL, RG TI DIFFUSIONAL LIMITS TO THE CONSUMPTION OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE BY SOILS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC METHANE : SOURCES, SINKS AND ROLE IN GLOBAL CHANGE CY OCT 07-11, 1991 CL MT HOOD, OR SP NATO, NATL SCI FDN, US EPA, ANDARZ ID NITROUS-OXIDE; FOREST SOILS AB Net transport of atmospheric gases into and out of soil systems is primarily controlled by diffusion along gas partial pressure gradients. Gas fluxes between soil and the atmosphere can therefore be estimated by a generalization of the equation for ordinary gaseous diffusion in porous unsaturated media. Consumption of CH4 by methylotrophic bacteria in the top several centimeters of soil causes the uptake of atmospheric CH4 by aerated soils. The capacity of the methylotrophs to consume CH4 commonly exceeds the potential of CH4 to diffuse from the atmosphere to the consumers. The maximum rate of uptake of atmospheric CH4 by soil is, therefore, limited by diffusion and can be calculated from soil physical properties and the CH4 concentration gradient. The CH4 concentration versus depth profile is theoretically described by the equation for gaseous diffusion with homogeneous chemical reaction in porous unsaturated media. This allows for calculation of the in situ rate of CH4 consumption within specified depth intervals. RP STRIEGL, RG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 23 TC 102 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1-4 BP 715 EP 720 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90455-E PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM225 UT WOS:A1993KM22500049 ER PT J AU REIMNITZ, E CLAYTON, JR KEMPEMA, EW PAYNE, JR WEBER, WS AF REIMNITZ, E CLAYTON, JR KEMPEMA, EW PAYNE, JR WEBER, WS TI INTERACTION OF RISING FRAZIL WITH SUSPENDED PARTICLES - TANK EXPERIMENTS WITH APPLICATIONS TO NATURE SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT; SEA ICE; WATER; FIELD; SLUSH; SHELF AB Widespread occurrence of sediment-laden (turbid) sea ice and high concentrations of diatoms and foraminifers in ice have recently been reported from both polar regions. Many possible mechanisms of particle entrainment into ice have been postulated, among which scavenging by rising frazil ice and nucleation or adhesion of ice onto suspended particles appear to be the most likely ones. No reliable experimental data on the mechanisms, however, are available. Because of the importance of turbid ice for sediment transport, tanks for laboratory-scale experiments were constructed, in which frazil crystals produced at the base were monitored rising through water column laden with various types of particulate matter, including plankton. Observations made in salt water are reported here. Over a distance of 1.5 m, frazil < 1 mm in diameter grew to crystals or flocs several cm in diameter, rising at average velocities of 2 to 3 cm/s. Rise velocities were a function of frazil size, but varied greatly due to interactions of ice particles of different size and velocity and the resulting turbulence. Sand-size particles could be either trapped permanently by rising frazil, or were temporarily supported and again released. With live plankton, a several-fold enrichment of ice occurred, suggesting that their irregular shapes or appendages were caught by ice flocs. Diatom- and foram tests were also relatively effectively trapped, The concentration of silt- and clay-size terrigenous detritus in frazil tended to increase relative to the water. We found no preferential sorting by ice in this size range. Various kinds of evidence showed that ice does not nucleate onto foreign particles, and has no adhesive properties. Foreign material resided in the interstices of crystal aggregates, and particles denser than water could be released by agitation, suggesting that scavenging is a mechanical process. With rising frazil, the settling of particulate matter therefore is either retarded or reversed, resulting in a net upward sediment flux and a sediment-laden ice cover from this process of suspension freezing. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA. RP REIMNITZ, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PACIFIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 46 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 117 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0165-232X(93)90002-P PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA KL749 UT WOS:A1993KL74900002 ER PT J AU KEMPEMA, EW REIMNITZ, E CLAYTON, JR PAYNE, JR AF KEMPEMA, EW REIMNITZ, E CLAYTON, JR PAYNE, JR TI INTERACTIONS OF FRAZIL AND ANCHOR ICE WITH SEDIMENTARY PARTICLES IN A FLUME SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT; WATER; ALASKA; SLUSH AB Frazil and anchor ice forming in turbulent, supercooled water have been studied extensively because of problems posed to man-made hydraulic structures. In spite of many incidental observations of interactions of these ice forms with sediment, their geologic effects remain unknown. The present flume study was designed to learn about the effects of salinity, current speed, and sediment type on sediment dynamics in supercooled water. In fresh-water, frazil ice formed flocs as large as 8 cm in diameter that tended to roll along a sandy bottom and collect material from the bed. The heavy flocs often came to rest in the shelter of ripples, forming anchor ice that subsequently was buried by migrating ripples. Burial compressed porous anchor ice into ice-bonded, sediment-rich masses. This process disrupts normal ripple cross-bedding and may produce unique sedimentary structures. Salt-water flocs were smaller, incorporated less bed load, and formed less anchor ice than their fresh-water counterparts. In four experiments, frazil carried a high sediment load only for a short period in supercooled salt water, but released it with slight warming. This suggests that salt-water frazil is either sticky or traps particles only while surrounded by supercooled water (0.05 to 0.1-degrees-C supercooling), a short-lived phase in simple, small tanks. Salt water anchor ice formed readily on blocks of ice-bonded sediment, which may be common in nature. The theoretical maximum sediment load in neutrally-buoyant ice/sediment mixture is 122 g/l, never reported in nature so far. The maximum sediment load measured in this laboratory study was 88 g/l. Such high theoretical and measured sediment concentrations suggest that frazil and anchor ice are important sediment transport agents in rivers and oceans. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KEMPEMA, EW (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0165-232X(93)90003-Q PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA KL749 UT WOS:A1993KL74900003 ER PT J AU SIDLE, JG KIRSCH, EM AF SIDLE, JG KIRSCH, EM TI LEAST TERN AND PIPING PLOVER NESTING AT SAND PITS IN NEBRASKA SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE CHARADRIUS-MELODUS; HABITAT USE; LEAST TERN; MANMADE HABITAT; NESTING; PIPING PLOVER; SANDBARS; SAND PITS; STERNA-ANTILLARUM AB Endangered Least Terns (Sterna antillarum) and threatened Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) nest at commercial sand and gravel mining operations (sand pits) along the Platte River system in Nebraska. Sandbar habitat has been disappearing since the early 1900's along the Platte River system, but numbers of sand pits have increased. We hypothesized that birds would more fully utilize sand pits where suitable sandbar habitat was limited. We inventoried sand pits and censused terns and plovers on both habitats along the Loup River, part of the North Loup River, and most of the Platte River during 1988-1991. Using aircraft, we also quantified features of suitable sand pits present on the central Platte in 1988 and lower Platte in 1990, and related features to abundance and presence of birds. We found 225 sand pits of which 78 were suitable and 187 were unsuitable for nesting. Along the central Platte, where sandbar habitat is severely degraded, birds nested at 81% of the suitable sand pits (N = 32) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (61-94%) nested on sand pits. Along the lower Platte, where both sandbar and sand pit habitat are plentiful, birds nested at 60% of the suitable sand pits (N = 35) at least once during 1988-1991, and most birds (60-86%) nested on sandbars. Numbers of terns and plovers were more weakly correlated with features of sand pits on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Least Terns and Piping Plovers seem to use more of the suitable sand pit habitat on the central Platte than on the lower Platte. Sand pits probably have influenced the birds' distribution by providing alternative nesting habitat along rivers where suitable sandbars are rare or absent. RP SIDLE, JG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,203 W 2ND ST,GRAND ISL,NE 68801, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.2307/1521432 PG 10 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MP094 UT WOS:A1993MP09400004 ER PT J AU PUGESEK, BH AF PUGESEK, BH TI CHICK GROWTH IN THE CALIFORNIA GULL - RELATIONSHIPS WITH HATCHING ASYNCHRONY AND PARENTAL AGE SO COLONIAL WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA GULL; CHICK GROWTH; FLEDGING SUCCESS; GULL; HATCHING ASYNCHRONY; LARUS-CALIFORNICUS; PARENTAL AGE AB Chick mass and growth during a six-day period were investigated among California Gulls (Larus californicus) in 1979 and 1980. In broods of two, levels of hatching asynchrony between siblings ranging from 0 - 4 days were observed. Hatching asynchrony resulted in initial mass differences between siblings that persisted and accelerated with time. Fledging success was unrelated to hatching asynchrony but was related to large offspring mass and increased with parental age. Parental age was unrelated to hatching asynchrony but heavily influenced the brood's gain in mass. Six days after the second egg hatched, chick mass was highest at those levels of hatching asynchrony where mean age of parent was highest. Mass differences between siblings at day six were related to fledging success only to the extent that rapid growth among siblings of older parents usually resulted in large differences in mass. Implications of results to investigations of Lack's brood reduction hypothesis are discussed. RP PUGESEK, BH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,700 CAJUN DOME BLVD,LAFAYETTE,LA 70508, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLONIAL WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0738-6028 J9 COLON WATERBIRD JI Colon. Waterbirds PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.2307/1521436 PG 7 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MP094 UT WOS:A1993MP09400008 ER PT J AU LINK, WA AF LINK, WA TI EFFICIENCY AND OPTIMAL ALLOCATION IN THE STAGGERED ENTRY DESIGN SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE PRODUCT-LIMIT ESTIMATOR; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; CENSORING; TRUNCATION; STAGGERED ENTRY ID SURVIVAL AB The staggered entry design for survival analysis specifies that r left-truncated samples are to be used in estimation of a population survival function. The i(th) sample is taken at time tau(i), from the subpopulation of individuals having survival time exceeding tau(i). This paper investigates the performance of the staggered entry design relative to the usual design in which all samples have a common time origin. The staggered entry design is shown to be an attractive alternative, even when not necessitated by logistical constraints. The staggered entry design allows for increased precision in estimation of the right tail of the survival function, especially when some of the data may be censored. A trade-off between the range of values for which the increased precision occurs and the magnitude of the increased precision is demonstrated. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT THEORY JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 485 EP 503 DI 10.1080/03610929308831033 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA KK642 UT WOS:A1993KK64200013 ER PT J AU ROTTIERS, DV AF ROTTIERS, DV TI ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF A MIGRATORY AND A LAND-LOCKED STRAIN OF ATLANTIC SALMON SALMO-SALAR SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; FRESH-WATER; MINERAL-CONTENT; GROWTH; FISHES; TROUT; SMOLTIFICATION; SURVIVAL; FINFISH AB 1. The growth and elemental composition of an anadromous strain and a land-locked strain of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were compared. 2. Ail fish were raised from the egg stage under identical conditions. 3. The land-locked strain was significantly higher in lipids than the anadromous strain throughout the study. 4. Results of exposure to seawater at 2-week intervals between days 431 and 512 of the study indicated that neither strain produced smolts. 5. Strains could not be separated by discriminant analysis into separate groups, based on concentrations of the six most abundant elements or all ten elements sampled during the expected period of smolting (days 440-550). 6. The laboratory fish differed significantly in composition from those collected in the Merrimack River. 7. The log(e) of the whole-body element content increased significantly with log(e) of wet body wt in both strains. RP ROTTIERS, DV (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 104 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90014-U PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA KH777 UT WOS:A1993KH77700013 ER PT B AU SURFACE, JM PEVERLY, JH STEENHUIS, TS SANFORD, WE AF SURFACE, JM PEVERLY, JH STEENHUIS, TS SANFORD, WE BE Moshiri, GA TI EFFECT OF SEASON, SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION, AND PLANT-GROWTH ON LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT IN A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pensacola Conference: Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement CY OCT 21-24, 1991 CL UNIV W FLORIDA, PENSACOLA, FL SP UNIV W FLORIDA, WETLANDS RES LAB, UNIV W FLORIDA, INST COASTAL & ESTUARINE RES HO UNIV W FLORIDA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ITHACA,NY. RI Sanford, William/F-7380-2016 OI Sanford, William/0000-0001-9085-1367 NR 0 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-550-0 PY 1993 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering; Water Resources GA BA34J UT WOS:A1993BA34J00050 ER PT S AU OLESON, LR AF OLESON, LR BE Zygielbaum, A TI THE GLOBAL LAND INFORMATION-SYSTEM SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Space Year Conference on Earth and Space Science Information Systems CY FEB 10-13, 1992 CL PASADENA, CA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-094-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1993 IS 283 BP 234 EP 242 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BA05N UT WOS:A1993BA05N00037 ER PT J AU STAMATAKIS, MG HEIN, JR AF STAMATAKIS, MG HEIN, JR TI ORIGIN OF BARITE IN TERTIARY MARINE SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS FROM LEFKAS ISLAND, GREECE SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE MATTER; CENTRAL NEVADA; BEDDED BARITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; PETROGRAPHY; PLANKTON; OCEAN AB Siliceous and calcareous biogenic rocks host pervasive, although volumetrically minor, authigenic barite on Lefkas Island, Greece. The barite composes up to 10 percent of the carbonate-free fraction of samples. In decreasing order of abundance, authigenic barite occurs as infilled foraminifera and radiolarian tests, disseminated grains and aggregates in porcelanite and siliceous limestone, replaced siliceous and calcareous biogenic tests, and thin laminae and lenses. The laminae form anastomosing networks that were probably originally rich in organic matter. Barite abundance shows a good correlation with the abundance of skeletal biogenic components. Biogenic silica diagenesis produced opal-CT and clinoptilolite, which compose the cement of porcelanite, replaced radiolarians, diatoms, and echinoderms and filled in some foraminifera tests. Subsequent silica diagenesis produced chalcedony at deeper stratigraphic levels, which also filled in pore space and caleareous microfossils in siliceous limestones and formed chert beds. Textural evidence shows that barite mineralization postdated opal-CT formation and preceded chalcedony formation. Barite precipitated in microenvironments including microfossil chambers, fecal pellets, and areas rich in organic matter. The source of the barium was probably from the decomposition of organic matter derived from plankton and bacteria and from the diagenesis of silica and carbonate tests. The source of the sulfate ion was seawater; possibly additional sulfate was produced and utilized in microenvironments from degradation of organic matter. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP STAMATAKIS, MG (reprint author), UNIV ATHENS,DEPT GEOL,PANEPISTIMIOPOLIS ANO ILISSIA 15784,ATHENS,GREECE. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 88 IS 1 BP 91 EP 103 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KN426 UT WOS:A1993KN42600006 ER PT J AU CHUNG, CF SINGER, DA MENZIE, WD AF CHUNG, CF SINGER, DA MENZIE, WD TI PREDICTING SIZES OF UNDISCOVERED MINERAL-DEPOSITS - AN EXAMPLE USING MERCURY DEPOSITS IN CALIFORNIA - A REPLY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Discussion C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP CHUNG, CF (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,601 BOOTH ST,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 88 IS 1 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KN426 UT WOS:A1993KN42600015 ER PT B AU WILTSHIRE, DA FERRIGNO, CF AF WILTSHIRE, DA FERRIGNO, CF BE Maurer, H TI GEOMEDIA - A HYPERMEDIA SYSTEM ON EARTH SCIENCE TOPICS FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL CHILDREN SO EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA AND HYPERMEDIA ANNUAL, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia (ED-MEDIA 93) CY JUN 23-26, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASSOC ADV COMP EDUC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT COMPUTING EDUCATION PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA PO BOX 2966, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22902 BN 1-880094-06-1 PY 1993 BP 549 EP 555 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA BC60T UT WOS:A1993BC60T00073 ER PT J AU KNOPMAN, DS SMITH, RA AF KNOPMAN, DS SMITH, RA TI 20 YEARS OF THE CLEAN-WATER-ACT SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATIONS RIVERS; TRENDS RP KNOPMAN, DS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,SYST ANAL BRANCH,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 35 IS 1 BP 16 EP & PG 0 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KK969 UT WOS:A1993KK96900006 ER PT J AU LANDA, ER AF LANDA, ER TI A BRIEF-HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN RADIUM INDUSTRY AND ITS TIES TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY OF ITS EARLY-20TH-CENTURY SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB Federally funded remedial action projects are presently underway in New Jersey and Colorado at sites containing Ra-226 and other radionuclides from radium-uranium ore extraction plants that operated during the early twentieth century. They are but the latest chapter in the story of an American industry that emerged and perished in the span of three decades. Major extraction plants were established in or near Denver (CO), Pittsburgh (PA), and New York City (NY) to process radium from ore that came largely from the carnotite deposits of western Colorado and eastern Utah. The staffs of these plants included some of the finest chemists and physicists in the nation, and the highly-refined radium products found a variety of uses in medicine and industry. The discovery of high-grade pitchblende ores in the Belgian Congo and the subsequent opening of an extraction plant near Antwerp, Belgium, in 1992, however, created an economic climate that put an end to the American radium industry. The geologic, chemical, and engineering information gathered during this era formed the basis of the uranium industry of the later part of the century, while the tailings and residues came to be viewed as environmental problems during the same period. RP LANDA, ER (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 5 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(93)90275-M PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LX533 UT WOS:A1993LX53300010 ER PT B AU COHEN, P MALLARD, GE AF COHEN, P MALLARD, GE BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURE ON UNITED-STATES WATER QUALITY - A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Environmental Impact of Agricultural Activities CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 93 EP 108 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60F UT WOS:A1993BZ60F00010 ER PT J AU BEYER, WN STAFFORD, C AF BEYER, WN STAFFORD, C TI SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN EARTHWORMS AND IN SOILS DERIVED FROM DREDGED MATERIAL AT CONFINED DISPOSAL FACILITIES IN THE GREAT-LAKES REGION SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Soils derived from dredged material were collected, together with earthworms from nine confined disposal facilities located in the Great Lakes Region. These samples were analyzed for 18 elements, 11 organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The concentrations detected in earthworms were evaluated in terms of their potential hazard to wildlife, which for the sake of the evaluation were assumed to prey entirely either on earthworms or on other soil invertebrates having similar concentrations. The soil concentrations (dry wt.) of the contaminants of greatest concern were < 1.9 to 32 ppm Cd, < 0.053 to 0.94 ppm Hg, 4.6 to 550 ppm Pb, and < 0.1 to 1.0 ppm PCBs. The concentrations in earthworms (dry wt., ingested soil included) were as high as 91 ppm Cd, 1.6 ppm Hg, 200 ppm Pb, and 1.8 ppm PCBs. Based on laboratory toxicity studies of relatively sensitive species, and on concentration factors calculated from the earthworm and soil data, we estimated that lethal or serious sublethal effects on wildlife might be expected at concentrations of 10 ppm Cd, 3 ppm Hg, 670 ppm Pb, and 1.7 ppm PCBs in alkaline surface soils derived from dredged material. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in earthworms were well below those in soil. RP BEYER, WN (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 2 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1007/BF00547984 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM556 UT WOS:A1993KM55600003 PM 24227260 ER PT J AU HEINZ, GH FITZGERALD, MA AF HEINZ, GH FITZGERALD, MA TI REPRODUCTION OF MALLARDS FOLLOWING OVERWINTER EXPOSURE TO SELENIUM SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article AB Forty pairs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed 15 ppm selenium as selenomethionine for about 21 weeks during winter. Twenty pairs served as controls. At the end of 21 weeks, which coincided with the onset of the reproductive season, selenium treatment was ended. Four birds died while on selenium treatment. Treated females lost weight, and their egg-laying was delayed. Hatching success of some of the first eggs laid by selenium-treated females was lower than that of controls, and a few of these early eggs contained deformed embryos, but, after a period of about two weeks off the selenium-treated diet, reproductive success returned to a level comparable with that of controls. The return to normal reproductive success was the result of a corresponding decrease in selenium concentrations in eggs once selenium treatment ended. RP HEINZ, GH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 81 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90075-Y PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LL678 UT WOS:A1993LL67800004 PM 15091819 ER PT J AU RATTNER, BA FLICKINGER, EL HOFFMAN, DJ AF RATTNER, BA FLICKINGER, EL HOFFMAN, DJ TI MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INDEXES AND CONTAMINANT BURDENS OF COTTON RATS (SIGMODON-HISPIDUS) AT 3 HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES NEAR HOUSTON, TEXAS, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID SMALL MAMMALS; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; METABOLISM; OXYGENASES; WILDLIFE; EXPOSURE; STYRENE; RODENTS; BRAIN AB Male cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were studied at three industrial waste sites near Houston, Texas, to determine whether various morphological, biochemical, and histopathological indices provided evidence of contaminant exposure and toxic insult. Only modest changes were detected in cotton rats residing at waste sites compared with reference sites. No single parameter was consistently altered, except hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration which was lower (p < 0.05) at two waste sites, and tended to be; lower (p = 0.11) at a third waste site. Elevated petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations were detected in rats at one waste site, but contaminant burdens of rats from the other sites were unremarkable. Unlike rats captured in summer, those trapped in winter exhibited hepatocellular hypertrophy and up to a 65% increase in liver: body weight ratio, cytochrome P-450 concentration, and activities of aniline hydroxylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, and glutathione S-transferase. Although genotoxicity has been previously documented in cotton rats residing at two of the waste sites, biomarkers in the present study provided little evidence of exposure and damage. RP RATTNER, BA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,ENVIRONM CONTAMINANTS RES BRANCH,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 79 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90181-M PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JY834 UT WOS:A1993JY83400012 PM 15091917 ER PT J AU RATHBUN, RE STEPHENS, DW TAI, DY AF RATHBUN, RE STEPHENS, DW TAI, DY TI BACTERIAL-DEGRADATION OF ACETONE IN AN OUTDOOR MODEL STREAM SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI; FATE; COMMUNITIES; USA AB Diurnal variations of the acetone concentration in an outdoor model stream were measured with and without a nitrate supplement to determine if the nitrate supplement would stimulate bacterial degradation of the acetone. Acetone loss coefficients were computed from the diurnal data using a fitting procedure based on a Lagrangian particle model The coefficients indicated that bacterial degradation of the acetone was occurring in the down-stream part of the stream during the nitrate addition. However, the acetone concentrations stabilized at values considerably above the limit of detection for acetone determination, in contrast to laboratory respirometer studies where the acetone concentration decreased rapidly to less than the detection limit, once bacterial acclimation to the acetone had occurred One possible explanation for the difference in behavior was the limited 6-hour residence time of the acetone in the model stream. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104. US GEOL SURVEY,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. RP RATHBUN, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ARVADA,CO 80002, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1993 VL 79 IS 2 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(93)90065-V PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA246 UT WOS:A1993KA24600007 PM 15091900 ER PT J AU KOLPIN, DW KALKHOFF, SJ AF KOLPIN, DW KALKHOFF, SJ TI ATRAZINE DEGRADATION IN A SMALL STREAM IN IOWA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; PRODUCTS; WATER; SOIL; TRANSPORT AB A study was conducted during 1990 through an 11.2-km reach of Roberts Creek in northeastern Iowa to determine the fate of atrazine in a surface water environment. Water samples were collected at approximately 1-month intervals from April through November during stable low to medium flow conditions and analyzed for atrazine and two of its initial biotic degradation products, desethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine. Samples were collected on the basis of a Lagrangian model of streamflow in order to sample the same parcel of water as it moved downstream. Atrazine concentrations substantially decreased (roughly 25-60%) between water entering and exiting the study reach during four of the seven sampling periods. During these same four sampling periods, the concentrations of the two biotic atrazine degradation products were constant or decreasing downstream, suggesting an abiotic degradation process. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 1230,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 NR 35 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1021/es00038a014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF272 UT WOS:A1993KF27200020 ER PT J AU BESSER, JM CANFIELD, TJ LAPOINT, TW AF BESSER, JM CANFIELD, TJ LAPOINT, TW TI BIOACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SELENIUM IN A LABORATORY FOOD-CHAIN SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SELENATE; SELENITE; SELENOMETHIONINE; BIOACCUMULATION; AQUATIC FOOD CHAIN ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; WATERBORNE SELENIUM; TOXICITY; REPRODUCTION; SELENATE; SURVIVAL; DAPHNIA AB Aquatic organisms accumulated selenium (Se) from inorganic and organic Se species via aqueous and food-chain exposure routes. We measured aqueous and food-chain Se bioaccumulation from selenate, selenite, and seleno-L-methionine in a laboratory food chain of algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), daphnids (Daphnia magna), and fish (bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus). Selenium concentrations were monitored radiometrically with Se-75-labeled compounds. All three organisms concentrated Se more strongly from aqueous selenomethionine than from either inorganic Se species. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) estimated from 1 mug Se/L Se-methionine exposures were approximately 16,000 for algae, 200,000 for daphnids, and 5,000 for bluegills. Algae and daphnids concentrated Se more strongly from selenite (BCFs = 220-3,600) than selenate (BCFs = 65-500) whereas bluegills concentrated Se about equally from both inorganic species (estimated BCFs = 13 to 106). Bioaccumulation of foodborne Se by daphnids and bluegills was similar in food chains dosed with different Se species. Daphnids and bluegills did not accumulate Se concentrations greater than those in their diet, except at very low dietary Se concentrations. Food-chain concentration factors (CFs) for daphnids decreased from near 1.0 to 0.5 with increases in algal Se concentrations, whereas CFs estimated from bluegill exposures averaged 0.5 over a range of foodborne Se concentrations. In exposures based on selenite, bluegills accumulated greater Se concentrations from food than from water. Aqueous and food-chain Se uptakes were approximately additive, and depuration rates were similar in aqueous, food-chain, and combined exposures. Our results suggest that bluegills in Se-contaminated habitats accumulate inorganic Se species primarily via food-chain uptake, although organoselenium compounds such as Se-methionine may contribute significantly to Se bioaccumulation by bluegills via both aqueous and food-chain uptake. RP BESSER, JM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 39 TC 131 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 34 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[57:BOOAIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KE029 UT WOS:A1993KE02900008 ER PT S AU JETT, DA ELDEFRAWI, AT ELDEFRAWI, ME AF JETT, DA ELDEFRAWI, AT ELDEFRAWI, ME BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI A RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY APPLIED TO MONITORING THE NEUROTOXICITY OF PARATHION TO PEROMYSCUS AFTER ORAL-EXPOSURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; MICROASSAYS C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1520/STP13159S PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00019 ER PT S AU WINGER, PV LASIER, PJ AF WINGER, PV LASIER, PJ BE Gorsuch, JW Dwyer, FJ Ingersoll, CG LaPoint, TW TI SEDIMENT TOXICITY TESTING - COMPARISON OF METHODS AND EVALUATION OF INFLUENCING FACTORS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: 2ND VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Aquatic, Plant, and Terrestrial CY APR 26-30, 1992 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM BIOL EFFECTS & ENVIRONM FATE DE PORE WATER; PORE-WATER EXTRACTION; VACUUM; SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY TESTS C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1485-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1216 BP 640 EP 662 DI 10.1520/STP13182S PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BZ53R UT WOS:A1993BZ53R00042 ER PT B AU MILLY, PCD AF MILLY, PCD BE Bolle, HJ Feddes, RA Kalma, JD TI SENSITIVITY OF THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE TO THE WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY OF SOILS SO EXCHANGE PROCESSES AT THE LAND SURFACE FOR A RANGE OF SPACE AND TIME SCALES SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Exchange Processes at the Land Surface for a Range of Space and Time Scales CY JUL 13-16, 1993 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT ASSOC METEOROL & ATMOSPHER PHYS, UNESCO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB BN 0-947571-53-1 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1993 IS 212 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BB28F UT WOS:A1993BB28F00059 ER PT B AU MOENCH, RH AF MOENCH, RH BE Cheney, JT Hepburn, JC TI HIGHLIGHTS OF METAMORPHIC STRATIGRAPHY AND TECTONICS IN WESTERN MAINE TO NORTHEASTERN VERMONT SO FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK FOR THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES: 1993 BOSTON GSA, VOLS 1 AND 2: BOSTON - CHARGING INTO THE FUTURE SE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY : CONTRIBUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Geological-Society-of-America Annual Meeting/85th Annual New-England Intercollegiate Geological Conference CY OCT 25-28, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP GEOL SOC AMER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DEPT GEOL PI AMHERST PA UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 J9 U MA DGG C PY 1993 IS 67 BP DD1 EP DD32 PG 32 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA67S UT WOS:A1993BA67S00030 ER PT B AU HSIEH, PA SHAPIRO, AM BARTON, CC HAENI, FP JOHNSON, CD MARTIN, CW PAILLET, FL WINTER, TC WRIGHT, DL AF HSIEH, PA SHAPIRO, AM BARTON, CC HAENI, FP JOHNSON, CD MARTIN, CW PAILLET, FL WINTER, TC WRIGHT, DL BE Cheney, JT Hepburn, JC TI METHODS OF CHARACTERIZING FLUID MOVEMENT AND CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT IN FRACTURED ROCK SO FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK FOR THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES: 1993 BOSTON GSA, VOLS 1 AND 2: BOSTON - CHARGING INTO THE FUTURE SE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY : CONTRIBUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Geological-Society-of-America Annual Meeting/85th Annual New-England Intercollegiate Geological Conference CY OCT 25-28, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP GEOL SOC AMER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DEPT GEOL PI AMHERST PA UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 J9 U MA DGG C PY 1993 IS 67 BP R1 EP R30 PG 30 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA67S UT WOS:A1993BA67S00018 ER PT B AU LEBLANC, DR GARABEDIAN, SP HESS, KM AF LEBLANC, DR GARABEDIAN, SP HESS, KM BE Cheney, JT Hepburn, JC TI GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AND SOLUTE-TRANSPORT RESEARCH AT THE UNITED-STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS CAPE-COD SITE SO FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK FOR THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES: 1993 BOSTON GSA, VOLS 1 AND 2: BOSTON - CHARGING INTO THE FUTURE SE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY : CONTRIBUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Geological-Society-of-America Annual Meeting/85th Annual New-England Intercollegiate Geological Conference CY OCT 25-28, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP GEOL SOC AMER C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DEPT GEOL PI AMHERST PA UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA 01003 J9 U MA DGG C PY 1993 IS 67 BP V1 EP V8 PG 8 WC Geology SC Geology GA BA67S UT WOS:A1993BA67S00022 ER PT J AU EMLEN, JM FREEMAN, DC GRAHAM, JH AF EMLEN, JM FREEMAN, DC GRAHAM, JH TI NONLINEAR GROWTH DYNAMICS AND THE ORIGIN OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; FRACTAL; GROWTH ID DENTAL ASYMMETRY; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; DERMATOGLYPHIC ASYMMETRY; CLEFT-LIP; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; INDICATOR; STABILITY; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERN AB The nonlinear, complex nature of biosynthesis magnifies the impacts of small, random perturbations on organism growth, leading to distortions in adaptive allometries and, in particular, to fluctuating asymmetry. These distortions can be partly checked by cell-cell and inter-body part feedback during growth and development, though the latter mechanism also may lead to complex patterns in right-left asymmetry. Stress can be expected to increase the degree to which random growth perturbations are magnified and may also result in disruption of the check mechanisms, thus exaggerating fluctuating asymmetry. The processes described not only provide one explanation for the existence of fluctuating asymmetry and its augmentation under stress, but suggest additional effects of stress as well. Specifically, stress is predicted to lead to decreased fractal dimension of bone sutures and branching structures in animals, and in increased dimension of growth trace patterns such as those found in mollusc shells and fish otoliths an scales. A basic yet broad primer on fractals and chaos is provided as background for the theoretical development in this manuscript. C1 BERRY COLL,DEPT BIOL,MT BERRY,GA 30149. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202. RP EMLEN, JM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,NAVAL STN PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 59 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1993 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF02424507 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ML864 UT WOS:A1993ML86400008 ER PT J AU FREEMAN, DC GRAHAM, JH EMLEN, JM AF FREEMAN, DC GRAHAM, JH EMLEN, JM TI DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY IN PLANTS - SYMMETRIES, STRESS AND EPIGENESIS SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; SYMMETRY; FRACTALS; EPIGENESIS ID COPEPOD TIGRIOPUS-CALIFORNICUS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FRACTAL DIMENSIONS; HYBRID BREAKDOWN; HETEROZYGOSITY; CONSEQUENCES; OSCILLATIONS; PATTERNS; ROOTS AB Plant developmental stability has received little attention in the past three or four decades. Here we review differences in plant and animal development, and discuss the advantages of using plants as experimental subjects in exploring developmental stability. We argue that any type of developmental invariant may be used to assess developmental stability and review the use of fluctuating asymmetry in studies of plant developmental stability. We also examine the use of deviations from translatory, radial, and self-symmetry as measures of developmental instability. The role of nonlinear dynamics and epigenesis in the production of the phenotype is also discussed. C1 BERRY COLL,DEPT BIOL,MT BERRY,GA 30149. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP FREEMAN, DC (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. NR 100 TC 120 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1993 VL 89 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 119 DI 10.1007/BF02424508 PG 23 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA ML864 UT WOS:A1993ML86400009 ER PT J AU GERLACH, TM AF GERLACH, TM TI THERMODYNAMIC EVALUATION AND RESTORATION OF VOLCANIC GAS-ANALYSES - AN EXAMPLE-BASED ON MODERN COLLECTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; LAVA LAKE AB Thermodynamic evaluation and restoration procedures are applied to a set of 10 volcanic gas analyses obtained by modern collection and analytical methods. The samples were collected from a vigorously fuming fissure during episode 1 of the Puu Oo eruption of Kilauea Volcano in 1983. Collections were made through titanium and mullite tubing at 895-935 degrees C in evacuated bottles containing 4N NaOH solution. A variety of analytical techniques were used to determine the gas compositions. In most samples, the combined amounts of N-2 + Ar + O-2 are far less abundant than H-2, CO, or H2S, suggesting little or no contamination or reaction with atmospheric gases. Analyses of samples collected through titanium and mullite tubing are similar, indicating chemical alterations from gas-titanium interactions were insignificant. Thermodynamic evaluation shows that 6 of the 10 analyses are equilibrium compositions, and 4 analyses are disequilibrium compositions. Three of the disequilibrium analyses involve samples affected by minor spilling of NaOH solution from the sample bottles during collection. The deviation of these analyses from equilibrium is dominated by the effects of disequilibrium water-loss. The fourth disequilibrium analysis, is contaminated with meteoric water. In all 4 cases, the restoration procedures retrieve the original equilibrium compositions. Minor loss of sulfur by elemental S precipitation is restored for all samples. All gas samples approach closely to equilibrium compositions at temperatures up to 117 degrees C above collection temperatures. The equilibrium preserved in the gases, however, actually reflects oxygen buffering of the gases by coexisting lavas, not just simple internal homogeneous equilibrium among the gas species. The oxygen buffering process is not evident if oxygen fugacities or R(H) redox parameter values are calculated and plotted directly from the analytical data. It is only evident after thermodynamic evaluation and restoration of the analyses. Direct use of gas analytical data in thermodynamic calculations and diagrams without prior evaluation of equilibrium/disequilibrium and restoration is not recommended, despite the undeniable improvements in collection and analytical techniques. RP GERLACH, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV, 5400 MAC ARTHUR BLVD, VANCOUVER, WA 98661 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4-5 BP 305 EP 322 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MU731 UT WOS:A1993MU73100013 ER PT J AU SYMONDS, R AF SYMONDS, R TI SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF SUBLIMATES FROM MERAPI VOLCANO, INDONESIA SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT AB Sublimates were sampled from high-temperature (up to 800 degrees C) fumaroles at Merapi volcano, Indonesia in January 1984. Sampling is accomplished by inserting silica tubes into high-temperature vents. Volcanic gas flows through the tubes and sublimates precipitate on the inner walls in response to the temperature gradient. With decreasing temperature (800-500 degrees C) in the tubes, there are five sublimate zones: 1) cristobalite, magnetite, and halite; 2) halite, sylvite, K-Ca sulfate (K,Ca[SO4](2)), acmite, wollastonite, and pyrite; 3) halite, sylvite, galena, Pb-Bi sulfide, aphthitalite, sphalerite, and Cs-K sulfate; 4) halite, sylvite, galena, PbKCl3, aphthitalite, and Na-K-Fe sulfate ([Na, K]Fe-2[SO4]Cl-2); and 5) halite, sylvite, galena, PbKCl3, and various sulfates of Pb, Cu, and Zn. Texturally, the sublimate phases grade from large, well-formed crystals at their highest-temperature occurrence to more numerous, smaller crystals that are less perfect at lower temperatures. These changes imply that the crystal nucleation and growth rates increase and decrease, respectively, as temperature decreases. Several of the sublimate phases also exhibit highly anisotropic morphologies (whiskers, platelets, spheres), especially below their highest temperature of deposition. Overall, the textural data suggest that the gas is saturated or slightly supersaturated with the phases at their hottest occurrence, but that the gas becomes increasingly supersaturated with the phases at lower temperatures. The anisotropic morphologies probably form because the crystals grow toward more supersaturated conditions in the center of the tube. The gas fails to maintain equilibrium with the precipitating sublimates because the high velocity of the carrier gas prevents complete mass transfer from the gas stream to the tube walls. RP SYMONDS, R (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV, 5400 MACARTHUR BLVD, VANCOUVER, WA 98661 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4-5 BP 337 EP 350 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MU731 UT WOS:A1993MU73100015 ER PT J AU NIELSON, JE BUDAHN, JR UNRUH, DM WILSHIRE, HG AF NIELSON, JE BUDAHN, JR UNRUH, DM WILSHIRE, HG TI ACTUALISTIC MODELS OF MANTLE METASOMATISM DOCUMENTED IN A COMPOSITE XENOLITH FROM DISH HILL, CALIFORNIA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; VOLCANIC FIELD; SR; ISOTOPE; GEOCHEMISTRY; ROCKS; ABUNDANCES; INCLUSIONS; BENEATH AB Major and trace-element whole rock and mineral variations in composite hornblendite-peridotite xenolith Ba-2-1, from Dish Hill, CA, are due to a single event of metasomatism in the mantle. The homblendite is the crystallized selvage of a dike conduit charged with incompatible-element-enriched hydrous mafic magma. The magma infiltrated the refractory peridotite wallrock, reacted with its constituent minerals, and simultaneously deposited amphibole. The systematic data from this study show considerable variation in isotopic values and trace elements. These data provide insight into a mantle process that was defined previously from samples without context, lacking evidence about the number or source of metasomatic events. In the contact zone of Ba-2-1, peridotite is enriched in Fe, Ti, CO2, and H2O; clinopyroxene and amphibole also are enriched in Fe and Ti, but clinopyroxene appears slightly depleted in CaO. Compared to chondrites, peridotite, clinopyroxene, and probably amphibole are enriched in light rare earth (LREE(cn)) and other incompatible trace elements. Values of Sr-87/Sr-86 and Nd-143/Nd-144 in the contact zone are close to isotopic equilibrium with the dike. Whole rock and constituent clinopyroxene compositions change to those of refractory peridotite with distance from the contact. These compositional variations were modelled using Gresens' equation for whole-rock major and minor elements, and calculations for isotopic ratios and REEs, which emulate the effects of chromatographic fractionation. The choice of endmembers was restricted to compositions actually present in mantle samples from Dish Hill. Model results indicate that: (1) the variations can be explained as the result of a single metasomatic event, probably a single pulse of previously fractionated liquid; (2) the ratio of total interacting liquid to peridotite was at least 1:3 by weight in the contact zone; and (3) the composition of the metasomatic liquid changed progressively as it infiltrated beyond that zone. The small distance over which variations occur is due to the small amount of liquid that infiltrated. Only in the contact zone was peridotite wallrock saturated by a liquid composition similar to the dike. Comparison of the Ba-2-1 data with those of another xenolith from Dish Hill suggests that the compositional variations of mantle metasomatism result from both the compositional contrast between the metasomatizing liquid and wallrock and the relative abundances of each. Compositional and volumetric variations of mantle partial melts and their fractionates, and repeated events of melting and reaction in contiguous mantle, can create broad ranges of metasomatic ''signatures'' from the same process. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP NIELSON, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 62 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90472-9 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KG731 UT WOS:A1993KG73100011 ER PT J AU LARSEN, MC SIMON, A AF LARSEN, MC SIMON, A TI A RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLD FOR LANDSLIDES IN A HUMID-TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT, PUERTO-RICO SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE LANDSLIDES; HUMID TROPICS; RAINFALL THRESHOLD AB Landslides are triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, seismic activity, and construction on hillslopes. The leading cause of landslides in Puerto Rico is intense and/or prolonged rainfall. A rainfall threshold for rainfall-triggered landsliding is delimited by 256 storms that occurred between 1959 and 1991 in the central mountains of Puerto Rico, where mean annual rainfall is close to or in excess of 2,000 mm. Forty one of the 256 storms produced intense and/or prolonged rainfall that resulted in tens to hundreds of landslides. A threshold fitted to the lower boundary of the field defined by landslide-triggering storms is expressed as I = 91.46 D-0.82 where I is rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour, and D is duration in hours. Landslide-producing storms occurred at an average rate of 1.2 per year. In general the landslides triggered by short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events were mainly shallow soil slips and debris flows, while the long-duration, low-intensity rainfall produced larger, deeper debris avalanches and slumps. For storms that had durations of up to 10 h, landsliding did not occur until rainfall intensity was as much as three times as high as the rainfall intensity reported as sufficient to trigger landsliding in temperate regions. As storm durations approach 100 h, the rainfall conditions necessary to initiate landsliding in Puerto Rico converge with those defined for temperate regions. A comparison of the Puerto Rico threshold with rainfall data from other humid-tropical regions suggests that the threshold developed for Puerto Rico may be applicable to other similar environments throughout the world. RP LARSEN, MC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 364424,SAN JUAN,PR 00936, USA. NR 0 TC 180 Z9 185 U1 1 U2 18 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1993 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.2307/521049 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA LF471 UT WOS:A1993LF47100002 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, DR LEWIS, CFM HUND, GE AF HUTCHINSON, DR LEWIS, CFM HUND, GE TI REGIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK OF SURFICIAL SEDIMENTS AND BEDROCK BENEATH LAKE-ONTARIO SO GEOGRAPHIE PHYSIQUE ET QUATERNAIRE LA English DT Article AB Approximately 2550 km of single-channel high-resolution seismic reflection profiles have been interpreted and calibrated with lithological and geochronological information from four representative piston cores and one grab sample to provide a regional stratigraphic framework for the subbottom deposits of Lake ontario. Five units overlying Paleozoic bedrock were identified and mapped. These are classified as informal units and represent, from oldest to youngest: (A) subglacial till (?) deposited by the Port Huron ice at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation; (B) an ice-marginal (?) unit confined to the western part of the lake that was probably deposited during retreat of the Port Huron ice shortly after 13 ka; (C) a regionally extensive unit of laminated glaciolacustrine clay that accumulated until about 11 ka; (D) a weakly laminated to more massive lake clay deposited during a period of reduced water supply and rising water levels after the drawdown of the high-level glacial lakes (Iroquois and successors); and (E) modern lake clay less than 10 m thick that began accumulating around 6-8 ka with the subsequent return of upper Great Lakes drainage through the Ontario basin. Seismic reflections also define the configuration of the bedrock surface and pre-glacial stream valleys incised in the bedrock surface. Several anomalous bottom and subbottom features in the surficial sediments are mapped, such as discontinuous and offset reflections, furrows, gas pockets, and areas of large subbottom relief. None of these features appear to be spatially correlative with the diffuse seismicity that characterizes the lake area or with deeper structures such as Paleozoic bedrock faults or crustal-penetrating faults in the Precambrian basement. RP HUTCHINSON, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU PRESSES UNIV MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA PO BOX 6128, SUCCURSALE A, MONTREAL PQ H3C 3J7, CANADA SN 0705-7199 J9 GEOGR PHYS QUATERN JI Geogr. Phys. Quat. PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 337 EP 352 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Paleontology GA MY444 UT WOS:A1993MY44400008 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA AF KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA TI MAASTRICHTIAN AMMONITES FROM THE CORSICANA FORMATION IN NORTHEAST TEXAS SO GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Previously undescribed collections of ammonites from the Corsicana Formation (Maastrichtian), the highest unit of the Cretaceous present in northeast Texas, U.S.A., include Eubaculites carinatus (Morton, 1834), Nostoceras (Nostoceras) major sp. nov., Glyptoxoceras sp., and Jeletzkytes sp. nov., which are new records for the unit. Other ammonites are Sphenodisus labatus (Tuomey, 1854), S. pleurisepta (Conrad, 1857). Trachyscaphites yorkensis (Stephenson, 1941), Discoscaphites conradi (Morton, 1834) and Baculites columna (Morton, 1834). Elements of the fauna are present in the Escondido Formation in Trans-Pecos Texas and northern Mexico. the Prairie Bluff Chalk in Alabama and Mississippi. the Owl Creek Formation in Mississippi. Tennessee and Missouri. and the Severn Formation in Maryland. In the U.S. Western Interior they occur in the Hoploscaphites nicolleti Zone, in the Fox Hills Formation. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KENNEDY, WJ (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD MUSEUM,PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PW,ENGLAND. NR 72 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0016-7568 J9 GEOL MAG JI Geol. Mag. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 130 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KK769 UT WOS:A1993KK76900005 ER PT J AU BROCHER, TM CARR, MD FOX, KF HART, PE AF BROCHER, TM CARR, MD FOX, KF HART, PE TI SEISMIC-REFLECTION PROFILING ACROSS TERTIARY EXTENSIONAL STRUCTURES IN THE EASTERN AMARGOSA DESERT, SOUTHERN NEVADA, BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BASIN; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; NORTHWESTERN BASIN; CORE COMPLEX; CALIFORNIA; REFRACTION; MOUNTAINS; GEOLOGY; GEOMETRY AB Outcrops, shallow well control, and coincident geophysical surveys are used to interpret a seismic reflection profile in the Amargosa Desert, within the Basin and Range province, of southern Nevada. The east-west-trending, 27-km-long seismic line crosses all or parts of three Tertiary subbasins, revealing that basin growth occurred by progressive shifts of basin-bounding faults. The reflection line images Tertiary strata that is rotated by steeply dipping listric faults and that noses into normal faults. A shallow (less than 100 to 200 m deep), laterally continuous, flat-lying, low-frequency reflector, interpreted as a Tertiary basalt flow, suggests that little vertical deformation has occurred within the easternmost of the small Tertiary basins since the eruption of the flow about 10 million years ago. Moderately dipping reflections within the pre-Tertiary bedrock may image Mesozoic thrust faults. The reflection data indicate that, whereas the top of the reflective lower crust shallows to the west, possibly in the direction of increasing crustal extension, the Moho is relatively flat between 30 and 33 km deep. Apparent bright-spot reflections from the lower crust are interpreted as evidence for ductile shearing of the lower crust, not for active magma chambers. Doming of the lower crust resembles that observed elsewhere in the Basin and Range province and is consistent with ductile flow in the lower crust. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MS 977, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. OI Brocher, Thomas/0000-0002-9740-839X NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 105 IS 1 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0030:SRPATE>2.3.CO;2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KH283 UT WOS:A1993KH28300003 ER PT J AU PRENTICE, CS MANN, P TAYLOR, FW BURR, G VALASTRO, S AF PRENTICE, CS MANN, P TAYLOR, FW BURR, G VALASTRO, S TI PALEOSEISMICITY OF THE NORTH-AMERICAN CARIBBEAN PLATE BOUNDARY (SEPTENTRIONAL FAULT), DOMINICAN-REPUBLIC SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTION; PACIFIC AB The Septentrional fault zone, the major North American-Caribbean plate-boundary fault in Hispaniola, is a likely source of large earthquakes in the Dominican Republic. An excavation into a Holocene alluvial fan deposited across the fault in the central Cibao Valley, Dominican Republic, provides evidence that it has been at least 430 yr and probably more than 730 yr since the last ground-rupturing earthquake along this segment of the fault. On the basis of these data and published estimates of the plate-tectonic slip rate, we propose that the Septentrional fault is a source of high seismic potential in the densely populated and rapidly developing Cibao Valley in the northern Dominican Republic. C1 UNIV TEXAS, INST GEOPHYS, AUSTIN, TX 78759 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, NATL SCI FDN, ACCELERATOR FACIL, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. UNIV TEXAS, TEXAS MEM MUSEUM, RADIOCARBON LAB, AUSTIN, TX 78759 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MS 977, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Mann, Paul/A-2077-2009; Taylor, Frederick/A-2195-2009 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0049:POTNAC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KH285 UT WOS:A1993KH28500013 ER PT J AU ALEINIKOFF, JN WALTER, M KUNK, MJ HEARN, PP AF ALEINIKOFF, JN WALTER, M KUNK, MJ HEARN, PP TI DO AGES OF AUTHIGENIC K-FELDSPAR DATE THE FORMATION OF MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TYPE PB-ZN DEPOSITS, CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN-UNITED-STATES - PB ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIBURNUM-TREND; POTASSIC DIAGENESIS; CARBONATE ROCKS; NORTH-AMERICA; ORE-DEPOSITS; LEAD; MISSOURI; MINERALIZATION; MOUNTAINS; MIGRATION AB Pb concentrations and isotopic compositions have been determined for authigenic overgrowths and detrital cores of K-feldspar from Cambrian sedimentary rocks in Texas, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania (referred to as group 1) and southeastern Missouri (referred to as group 2). Overgrowths and cores were separated by abrasion and analyzed separately. In three group 1 samples, cores have Pb isotopic ratios similar to initial ratios in K-feldspar from nearby Middle Proterozoic basement rocks (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 16.7-17.0). Pb ratios in overgrowths are radiogenic (Pb-206/Pb-204 up to 19.3) and mostly are distinct from those in ore deposits in the southern Appalachians. Pb isotopic data for two samples of K-feldspar from southeastern Missouri are scattered; in one sample, cores and overgrowths contain radiogenic Pb, suggesting at least two periods of authigenic replacement, in agreement with petrographic evidence. Proterozoic material must still be present because Ar-40/Ar-39 stepwise analysis of a total (cores plus overgrowths) sample yields incremental ages ranging from about 500 to 750 Ma. The disparity in Pb isotopic ratios of group 1 overgrowths and Pb in nearby Mississippi Valley-type deposits implies that the regional authigenic K-feldspar event was not synchronous with ore deposition in the southeastern United States. In contrast, Pb isotopic ratios from group 2 authigenic K-feldspar are similar to ratios in ores of southeastern Missouri, suggesting a genetic relation in late Paleozoic time. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ALEINIKOFF, JN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 963,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0073:DAOAKF>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KH285 UT WOS:A1993KH28500019 ER PT J AU RODEN, EE LOVLEY, DR AF RODEN, EE LOVLEY, DR TI EVALUATION OF FE-55 AS A TRACER OF FE(III) REDUCTION IN AQUATIC SEDIMENTS SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE FE-55; IRON REDUCTION; ISOTOPE EXCHANGE; RADIOTRACER ID FERRIC IRON; ANAEROBIC SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ISOTOPE EXCHANGE; MANGANESE; LAKE; SULFATE; EQUILIBRIUM; DIAGENESIS AB The potential utility of Fe-55 as a tracer for Fe(III) reduction in aquatic sediments was evaluated using freshwater sediments from the Potomac River, Md, in which Fe(III) reduction was the predominant terminal electron accepting process. In laboratory incubations of sediments amended with poorly crystalline Fe-55(III) oxide, the accumulation of Fe-55 in Fe(II) over time paralleled Fe(II) production. However, within 1 h of addition of Fe-55(III) oxide, significant quantities of Fe-55 were recovered in extractable (1 M sodium acetate, pH 5) and soluble Fe(II) pools. There was proportionately more Fe-55(II) activity in sediments with higher Fe(II) concentrations. These results suggest that there was rapid isotopic exchange between Fe-55 in poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide and the Fe(II) pools. Because of this exchange, Fe-55 could not be used to trace Fe(III) reduction in sediments in the manner that (SO42-)-S-35 is used to trace sulfate reduction. Although accumulation of Fe-55 in Fe(II) pools paralleled unlabeled Fe(II) production, given the relative ease with which Fe(II) pools in sediments can be measured there is no apparent advantage to using Fe-55 to follow Fe(III) reduction. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV PHARMAZEUT,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 11 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA MD302 UT WOS:A1993MD30200004 ER PT J AU RHEA, S AF RHEA, S TI GEOMORPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF RIVERS IN THE OREGON COAST RANGE FROM A REGIONAL RECONNAISSANCE PERSPECTIVE SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Changes in long profile, gradient, gradient index, pseudo-hypsometric integral, valley incision, and sinuosity fractal dimension for rivers in western Oregon were studied to determine their usefulness in assessing an hypothesis of differential uplift within the Coast Range. All data were gathered from topographic quadrangles and geologic maps, and so the results of this paper are limited to the description of river forms with only limited interpretations. Rivers were naturally divided into three groups, those in the western Coast Range, the eastern Coast Range, and the Klamath and Cascade Ranges, and differences in river morphometry were generalized. Rivers in the western Coast Range had more divergent characteristics, whereas those in the other groups were more similar within each group. For example, long profiles of western Coast Range rivers had diverse forms, but in the other groups, long profiles were similar within the group. Pseudo-hypsometric integrals had a wide scatter in the western Coast Range, but in the other ranges, the pseudo-hypsometric integral was more narrowly defined. Valley entrenchment and high sinuosity were common in the western Coast Range, and were less visible in the eastern Coast Range. These regional generalizations do not hold for the central Coast Range near 44.5-degrees-N where the Yaquina and Marys Rivers are located. In the eastern Coast Range, the Marys River is unique in that it has a convex bulge in its long profile, does not have an increasing valley-floor width to valley height ratio downstream, and has a high sinuosity fractal dimension. In the western Coast Range, the Yaquina River is unique in that it has a smoothly decreasing long profile, has a very low pseudo-hypsometric integral, and does not have a decreasing valley-floor width to valley height ratio downstream. There may be many explanations for these observations, but these observations are also consistent with tectonic interpretations that the central western Coast Range is the locus of synclinal tilting and that the entire Oregon coast is experiencing landward tilting and uplift. RP RHEA, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 135 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0169-555X(93)90043-2 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA KQ439 UT WOS:A1993KQ43900003 ER PT J AU WALLACE, LG AF WALLACE, LG TI USGS SUPPORTS K-12 EDUCATION SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP WALLACE, LG (reprint author), USGS,COMM EDUC,912 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JAN PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KG349 UT WOS:A1993KG34900005 ER PT B AU CASCIO, J AF CASCIO, J GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI A SPATIAL FEATURES REGISTER - TOWARD STANDARDIZATION OF SPATIAL FEATURES SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 0-944426-99-9 PY 1993 BP 102 EP 108 PG 7 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99B UT WOS:A1993BZ99B00015 ER PT B AU LAZAR, R AF LAZAR, R GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI CONFORMANCE TESTING FOR THE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 0-944426-99-9 PY 1993 BP 398 EP 402 PG 5 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99B UT WOS:A1993BZ99B00051 ER PT B AU MOUAT, N KELMELIS, JA AF MOUAT, N KELMELIS, JA GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI THE REPRESENTATION OF TIME ON UNITED-STATES-GEOLOGICAL-SURVEY MAPS SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR MID CONTINENT MAPPING,ROLLA,MO 65401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-000-2 PY 1993 BP 557 EP 566 PG 10 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99A UT WOS:A1993BZ99A00013 ER PT B AU SZEMRAJ, JA TOILAR, BR AF SZEMRAJ, JA TOILAR, BR GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI PROFILE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-000-2 PY 1993 BP 663 EP 670 PG 8 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99A UT WOS:A1993BZ99A00029 ER PT B AU WATSON, W BRYANT, K AF WATSON, W BRYANT, K GP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING TI ASSESSING UNITED-STATES COAL RESOURCES - AN INTEGRATION OF GIS AND STATISTICAL-METHODS SO GIS/LIS '93 PROCEEDINGS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS '93 Annual Conference & Exposition CY NOV 02-04, 1993 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY 956,BRANCH COAL GEOL,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-000-2 PY 1993 BP 738 EP 752 PG 15 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science; Urban Studies GA BZ99A UT WOS:A1993BZ99A00037 ER PT B AU PERRY, CA GILLESPIE, JB HARGADINE, DA GUTENTAG, ED DOWNEY, JS AF PERRY, CA GILLESPIE, JB HARGADINE, DA GUTENTAG, ED DOWNEY, JS BE Nasr, HN TI DETECTION OF FRACTURES IN ASH MEADOWS, SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA BY ELECTROMAGNETIC TERRAIN-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS SO GROUND SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON GROUND SENSING CY APR 14, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP PERRY, CA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAWRENCE,KS, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-1177-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1993 VL 1941 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1117/12.154680 PG 12 WC Forestry; Optics SC Forestry; Optics GA BZ37B UT WOS:A1993BZ37B00013 ER PT J AU HALL, DW AF HALL, DW TI EFFECTS OF PIPE-OUTLET TERRACING ON GROUNDWATER QUANTITY NEAR CHURCHTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Ground-water quantity data were collected at a 22-acre fam site near Churchtown, Pennsylvania, to determine if terracing changed the quantity of water recharging the aquifer. Double-mass comparisons of water-level data from six wells at the site were used to determine that the construction and operation of six pipe-outlet terraces caused no statistically significant changes in the quantity of recharge to the carbonate aquifer. Analyses of water-table altitude data from site wells indicate that terracing did not change mean annual water-table altitudes at the site. RP HALL, DW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,840 MARKET ST,LEMOYNE,PA 17043, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00826.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA KF137 UT WOS:A1993KF13700007 ER PT J AU ISTOK, JD SMYTH, JD FLINT, AL AF ISTOK, JD SMYTH, JD FLINT, AL TI MULTIVARIATE GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION - A CASE-HISTORY SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID WASTE SITE DATA AB A case history is presented for the application of multivariate geostatistical methods of the problem of estimating pesticide concentrations in ground water from measured concentrations of nitrate and pesticide, when pesticide is under-sampled. The shallow, poorly confined, sand and gravel aquifer underlying the lower Malheur River basin near Ontario, Oregon is contaminated by nitrate and metabolites of the herbicide Dacthal (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate) or DCPA. The results of extensive ground-water sampling indicate that a significant positive correlation exists between measured nitrate and DCPA concentrations in the aquifer. This suggests that future sampling should include a large number of the less-expensive nitrate analyses, and these data should be used to support the interpretation of fewer, more expensive DCPA analyses. Sample variograms were computed for nitrate and DCPA concentrations and were fit with isotropic, spherical variogram models with correlation ranges of 4 km. Incorporating measured nitrate concentrations in the DCPA estimates obtained by cokriging reduced estimation variances from 14 to 34%. A simple economic analysis demonstrated that for this aquifer, acquiring additional nitrate samples is a cost-effective way to reduce estimation variances for DCPA. C1 CH2M HILL INC,RICHLAND,WA 99352. US GEOL SURVEY,MERCURY,NV 89023. RP ISTOK, JD (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00829.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA KF137 UT WOS:A1993KF13700010 ER PT J AU ESSAID, HI HESS, KM AF ESSAID, HI HESS, KM TI MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS OF MULTIPHASE FLOW INCORPORATING SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNSATURATED SOILS; POROUS-MEDIA; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; MODEL; INFILTRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS AB To study the effect of spatial variability of sediment hydraulic properties on multiphase flow, oil infiltration into a hypothetical glacial outwash aquifer, followed by oil extraction, was simulated using a cross-sectional multiphase flow model. The analysis was simplified by neglecting capillary hysteresis. The first simulation used a uniform mean permeability and mean retention curve. This was followed by 50 Monte Carlo simulations conducted using 50 spatially variable permeability realizations and corresponding spatially variable retention curves. For the type of correlation structure considered in this study, which is similar to that of glacial outwash deposits, use of mean hydraulic properties reproduces the ensemble average oil saturation distribution obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations. However, spatial variability the oil saturation distribution in an individual oil lens to differ significantly from that of the mean lens. Oil saturations at a given location may be considerably higher than would be predicted using uniform mean properties. During cleanup by oil extraction from a well, considerably more oil may remain behind in the heterogeneous case than in the spatially uniform case. RP ESSAID, HI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MAIL STOP 421,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00836.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA KF137 UT WOS:A1993KF13700017 ER PT J AU KNOPMAN, DS HOLLYDAY, EF AF KNOPMAN, DS HOLLYDAY, EF TI VARIATION IN SPECIFIC CAPACITY IN FRACTURED ROCKS, PENNSYLVANIA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Statistical analyses were used to determine the relation of hydrogeologic, well construction, and field measurement factors to the extremely variable yield of wells located in consolidated rocks in the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge provinces of Pennsylvania. Specific capacity values (a total of 4,391) from the U.S. Geological Survey well record file were chosen as a measure of yield. Results underscore the importance in regional analysis of accounting for differences due to variables related to well construction and field measurement of specific capacity before attempting to account for differences due to hydrogeology. The approach taken was to organize a hierarchy of variables that relate to differences in specific capacity. Linear regression using log-transformed specific capacity as the response variable provided estimates of the extent to which variables account for variation in the specific capacity values. Among the variables available for consideration, casing diameter, primary water use, and duration of discharge during the well production test are most important and can explain 24 percent of the variation observed in the specific capacity data. Lithology alone can account for only about 12 percent of the variation observed in the specific capacity data. However, a classification of rocks based on lithology and also accounting for differences in casing diameter, water use, duration of discharge, topographic setting, well depth, and casing depth can explain about half the variation in specific capacity values. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,810 BROADWAY,SUITE 500,NASHVILLE,TN 37203. RP KNOPMAN, DS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,410 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00837.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA KF137 UT WOS:A1993KF13700018 ER PT S AU ROSS, M NOLAN, RP LANGER, AM COOPER, WC AF ROSS, M NOLAN, RP LANGER, AM COOPER, WC BE Guthrie, GD Mossman, BT TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF MINERAL DUSTS OTHER THAN ASBESTOS SO HEALTH EFFECTS OF MINERAL DUSTS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review CT SHORT COURSE ON HEALTH EFFECTS OF MINERAL DUSTS CY OCT 22-24, 1993 CL NANTUCKET ISLAND, MA SP MINERAL SOC AMER, GEOL SOC AMER, US DOE, OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI, DIV ENGN & GEOSCI, US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES, HLTH EFFECTS & LIFE SCI, AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS, US GEOL SURVEY RP ROSS, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-33-2 J9 REV MINERAL PY 1993 VL 28 BP 361 EP 407 PG 47 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BZ30X UT WOS:A1993BZ30X00012 ER PT B AU TAYLOR, JG VINING, J AF TAYLOR, JG VINING, J BE Wright, SD Dietz, T Borden, R Young, G Guagnano, G TI INTERDISCIPLINARY INTERACTION - CROSSING BOUNDARIES SO HUMAN ECOLOGY: CROSSING BOUNDARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference of the Society-for-Human-Ecology - Human Ecology: Crossing Boundaries CY OCT 02-04, 1992 CL SNOWBIRD, UT SP SOC HUMAN ECOL C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI FT COLLINS PA C/O US FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE 4512 MCMURRAY AVE, FT COLLINS, CO 80525-3400 BN 0-940051-05-2 PY 1993 BP 180 EP 186 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA39S UT WOS:A1993BA39S00016 ER PT B AU BARTON, GJ AF BARTON, GJ BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI HYDROGEOLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE AT THE CIBA-GEIGY SUPERFUND SITE, OCEAN COUNTY, NEW-JERSEY SO HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION, EVALUATION, AND GROUND WATER MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Industrial and Agricultural Impacts on the Hydrologic Environment CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LANSING,MI. RI Barton, Geoffrey/C-6267-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 69 EP 85 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA71A UT WOS:A1993BA71A00007 ER PT B AU MERRITT, ML AF MERRITT, ML BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI DIGITAL-SIMULATION OF A SALINE GROUNDWATER PLUME AFFECTED BY PARTIALLY PENETRATING CANALS SO HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION, EVALUATION, AND GROUND WATER MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Industrial and Agricultural Impacts on the Hydrologic Environment CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MIAMI,FL 33178. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA71A UT WOS:A1993BA71A00014 ER PT B AU MISUT, PE FELDMAN, SM AF MISUT, PE FELDMAN, SM BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI EFFECTS OF LOCAL-SCALE HYDROGEOLOGIC FEATURES ON PARTICLE-TRACKING ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER-FLOW AT PATCHOGUE, LONG-ISLAND, NY SO HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION, EVALUATION, AND GROUND WATER MODELING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Industrial and Agricultural Impacts on the Hydrologic Environment CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,SYOSSET,NY 11791. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 193 EP 206 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BA71A UT WOS:A1993BA71A00017 ER PT S AU MCKNIGHT, DM ANDREWS, ED AF MCKNIGHT, DM ANDREWS, ED BE Sladeckova, A TI HYDROLOGIC AND GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT THE STREAM-LAKE INTERFACE IN A PERMANENTLY ICE-COVERED LAKE IN THE MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS, ANTARCTICA SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 25 PT 2 SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1992 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP INT ASSOC THEORET & APPL LIMNOL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54041-7 J9 PROC INT ASSOC THEOR PY 1993 VL 25 BP 957 EP 959 PN 2 PG 3 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BZ87X UT WOS:A1993BZ87X00059 ER PT J AU SCHULZE, PA CAPEL, PD SQUILLACE, PJ HELSEL, DR AF SCHULZE, PA CAPEL, PD SQUILLACE, PJ HELSEL, DR TI A LABORATORY AND FIELD-EVALUATION OF A PORTABLE IMMUNOASSAY TEST FOR TRIAZINE HERBICIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOASSAY; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ATRAZINE; RESIDUES; SOIL AB The usefulness and sensitivity, of a portable immunoassay test for the semiquantitative field screening of water samples was evaluated by means of laboratory and field studies, Laboratory results indicated that the tests were useful for the determination of atrazine concentrations of 0.1 to 1.5 mug/L. At a concentration of 1 mug/L, the relative standard deviation in the difference between the regression line and the actual result was about 40 percent. The immunoassay was less sensitive and produced similar errors for other triazine herbicides. After standardization, the test results were relatively insensitive to ionic content and variations in pH (range, 4 to 10), mildly sensitive to temperature changes, and quite sensitive to the timing of the final incubation step, variances in timing can be a significant source of error. Almost all of the immunoassays predicted a higher atrazine concentration in water samples when compared to results of gas chromatography. If these tests are used as a semiquantitative screening tool, this tendency for overprediction does not diminish the tests' usefulness. Generally, the tests seem to be a valuable method for screening water samples for triazine herbicides. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,GRAY FRESHWATER BIOL INST,US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,NAVARRE,MN 55392. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 1993 VL 53 IS 4 BP 307 EP 319 DI 10.1080/03067319308044435 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP416 UT WOS:A1993NP41600007 ER PT B AU SHOPE, WG AF SHOPE, WG BE Summers, JB Anderson, SS TI THE USE OF SATELLITE DATA RELAY BY THE UNITED-STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR NEAR REAL-TIME HYDROLOGIC DATA COLLECTION SO IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES IN THE 1990'S LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1992 National Conference of the US-Committee-on-Irrigation-and-Drainage - Irrigation and Water Resources in the 1990s CY OCT 05-07, 1992 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP US COMM IRRIGAT & DRAINAGE C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 BN 0-9618257-8-2 PY 1993 BP 315 EP 326 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB95E UT WOS:A1993BB95E00030 ER PT J AU BONAR, SA VECHT, SA BENNETT, CR PAULEY, GB THOMAS, GL AF BONAR, SA VECHT, SA BENNETT, CR PAULEY, GB THOMAS, GL TI CAPTURE OF GRASS CARP FROM VEGETATED LAKES SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society and the International Symposium on the Biology and Management of Aquatic Plants CY JUL 12-16, 1992 CL DAYTONA BEACH, FL SP AQUAT MANAGEMENT SOC DE WHITE AMUR; FISH CAPTURE METHODS; ANGLING; HERDING ID TEMPERATURE AB Seven techniques were evaluated for catching grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) in five Washington lakes containing aquatic vegetation. The capture methods included angling, pop-nets, lift nets, or traps in baited areas; angling in nonbaited areas; heating the water in small areas to attract fish; and herding fish into a concentrated area and removing them with gill nets or seines. Herding was the most effective of the techniques (P < 0.001), followed by angling in baited areas. Herding removed 0.8% to 8.2% of the original grass carp stock in one sweep in lakes containing thick vegetation, submerged logs and other underwater obstructions. This technique may be effective for reducing numbers of fish in small (<10 ha) overstocked waters, or for capturing fish to monitor growth. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND SCI CTR,CORDOVA,AK 99574. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,WASHINGTON COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 BP 168 EP 174 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MU079 UT WOS:A1993MU07900038 ER PT J AU CHAMBERS, PA BARKO, JW SMITH, CS AF CHAMBERS, PA BARKO, JW SMITH, CS TI EVALUATION OF INVASIONS AND DECLINES OF SUBMERSED AQUATIC MACROPHYTES SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material AB During the past 60 yr, sightings of aquatic macrophyte species in geographic regions where they had previously not been found have occurred with increasing frequency, apparently due to both greater dispersal of the plants as a result of human activities as well as better documentation of plant distribution. Intercontinental invasions, such as Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla into North America, Elodea canadensis into Europe and Elodea nuttallii, Egeria densa and Cabomba caroliniana into Japan, have generally been well documented. However, the spread of an exotic species across a continent after its initial introduction (e.g., Potamogeton crispus in North America) or the expansion of a species native to a continent into hitherto unexploited territory (e.g.,the expansion of the North American native Myriophyllum heterophyllum into New England) have received little attention. Natural declines in aquatic macrophyte communities have also received little scientific study although there are many accounts of macrophyte declines. The best-documented example comes from the marine literature where extensive declines of eelgrass (Zostera) occurred in the 1930s along the Atlantic coast due to a pathogenic marine slime mold (''wasting disease''). The aim of this workshop was to identify examples of invasions or natural declines of aquatic macrophyte species throughout the world and assess the importance of environmental factors in their control. Forty-five scientists and aquatic plant managers from ten countries participated in the workshop. Eleven of the participants contributed written evaluations of species invasions and declines in their geo-graphic region. These were distributed to registered participants prior to the meeting and served as the starting-point of workshop discussions. To address the topics raised in the working papers, the participants divided into four working groups to evaluate: 1. Environmental controls of species invasions. 2. Biotic controls of species declines. 3. Abiotic controls of species declines. 4. Impact of management practices on macrophyte invasions or declines. Each working group was asked to identify existing evidence, the need for additional evidence and management implications of their topics and then requested to discuss their findings with the entire workshop at the conclusion of discussions. C1 USAE,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TECH CTR,ONLASKA,WI 54650. RP CHAMBERS, PA (reprint author), ENVIRONM CANADA,NATL HYDROL RES INST,11 INNOVAT BLVD,SASKATOON S7N 3H5,SK,CANADA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 24 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 31 BP 218 EP 220 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MU079 UT WOS:A1993MU07900049 ER PT J AU LUCEY, KJ GOOLSBY, DA AF LUCEY, KJ GOOLSBY, DA TI EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC VARIATIONS OVER 11 YEARS ON NITRATE-NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN THE RACCOON RIVER, IOWA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at public water-supply intakes on the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers in Iowa exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L-1 for public water supplies established by the USEPA for extended periods of time from March through early August 1990. The excessive NO3-N levels followed 2 yr of less than normal precipitation in 1988 and 1989. The largest daily NO3-N load (771 t) transported during the last 17 yr in the Raccoon River occurred in June 1990. The streamflow hydrograph for the Raccoon River for March 1990 prior to seasonal fertilizer application indicates that high NO3-N concentrations characterize the recession side of the hydrograph. High NO3-N concentrations in streamflow persisted as streamflow decreased to baseflow conditions. This implies that substantial quantities of NO3-N were being leached from the soil and transported by subsurface flow during early 1990. A multiple linear-regression model was developed to predict NO3-N concentrations in the Raccoon River from readily-obtainable streamflow and climatic data. The four-variable model explained about 70% of the variability in the concentration of NO3-N. The mean streamflow for the previous 7-d period accounted for about 50% of the total variability. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP LUCEY, KJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,400 S CLINTON ST,IOWA CITY,IA 52244, USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM199 UT WOS:A1993KM19900005 ER PT J AU ALAM, MK MAUGHAN, OE AF ALAM, MK MAUGHAN, OE TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF SELECTED ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES TO CYPRINUS-CARPIO AND BARILIUS-VAGRA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE TOXICITY; PESTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; DIAZINON; MALATHION ID MALATHION AB The acute toxicity of two organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, diazinon and malathion to Cyprinus carpio and Barilius vagra was determined, Mortalities and LC50-96 hr values for B. vagra and C. carpio were variable. Both juvenile common carp and B. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Adult B. vagra were more sensitive to malathion than were juvenile common carp. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARIZONA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP ALAM, MK (reprint author), PYRAMID LAKE FISHERIES,STAR ROUTE,SUTCLIFFE,NV 89510, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1080/03601239309372816 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KH820 UT WOS:A1993KH82000005 PM 8426062 ER PT J AU BISCHOFF, JL FITZPATRICK, JA ROSENBAUER, RJ AF BISCHOFF, JL FITZPATRICK, JA ROSENBAUER, RJ TI THE SOLUBILITY AND STABILIZATION OF IKAITE (CACO3.6H2O) FROM 0-DEGREES-C TO 25-DEGREES-C - ENVIRONMENTAL AND PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THINOLITE TUFA SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORTHO-PHOSPHATE; MONO LAKE; CALCITE; SEAWATER; THERMODYNAMICS; ARAGONITE; KINETICS; RATES AB We determined the solubility of ikaite from 0-degrees to 25-degrees-C to model its saturation state in natural waters and test the hypothesis that it is the precursor of the calcite pseudomorphs in thinolite tufa of Quaternary Lake Lahontan. Reversible solubility at buffered P(CO2) yields the following expression for the dissolution constant of ikaite: log K(ikaite) = 0.15981 -2011.1/T. Where T = degrees-K, and 0-degrees-C less-than-or-equal-to t less-than-or-equal-to 25-degrees-C. Derived standard state properties are DELTAG-degrees(ikaite) = -2541.9 kJmol-1 +/- 0.66; DELTAH-degrees(ikaite) = -2973.4 kJmol-1 +/- 1.02; S-degrees(ikaite) = 306.6 JT-1mol-1 +/- 1.2. Modeling shows that ikaite is undersaturated at all temperatures in seawater and in alkaline lakes, but that it rapidly approaches saturation near 0-degrees-C. Its precipitation in near-freezing marine sediments requires large additions of HCO3 to pore fluids from the diagenetic decomposition of organic matter. Its crystallization in tufas of alkaline lakes, however, requires only small additions of Ca from springs. Simple kinetic experiments show that ikaite is stabilized in natural environments by orthophosphate, which prevents the crystallization of the more stable anhydrous forms of CaCO3 but does not interact with the ikaite. Therefore, the presence of ikaite or its pseudomorphs is an indicator of near-freezing conditions in environments with high concentrations of orthophosphate. If ikaite is the precursor of thinolite tufa, then the thinolite likely grew below the sediment-water interface at the site of sublacustrine springs during prolonged cold periods. RP BISCHOFF, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 37 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 24 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA KG669 UT WOS:A1993KG66900002 ER PT J AU FOUNTAIN, AG AF FOUNTAIN, AG TI GEOMETRY AND FLOW CONDITIONS OF SUBGLACIAL WATER AT SOUTH CASCADE GLACIER, WASHINGTON-STATE, USA - AN ANALYSIS OF TRACER INJECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE SYSTEM; ABLATION AREA; STORGLACIAREN; SWEDEN; CONFIGURATION; CHARACTER; STREAM; PART AB Tracers were injected into South Cascade Glacier to determine the flow condition and geometry of the subglacial water system. Results indicate that two distinct drainage basins on the glacier feed the two main streams flowing from the glacier. In the largest basin, two parallel drainage networks exist, one englacial and the other subglacial. The englacial system is an arboresecent network of conduits, whereas the subglacial system is a distributed flow system. Both systems connect to a single subglacial conduit which appears as a stream at the glacier's terminus. The comparison between the travel time of the tracers and stream discharge indicated that the single conduit was pressurized in July and partly filled in August and September. To estimate the-flow geometry (e.g. path length, flow depth and velocity), the advection-diffusion equation was formulated to express the water velocity as a function of water depth. Longitudinal dispersion of the tracer was calculated from the shear in longitudinal water velocity. Results indicate that the flow is very wide compared to its depth and that the path is sinuous. The estimated flow speed in the conduits is an order of magnitude larger than the measured speed through the glacier, indicating that other flow processes, probably englacial, route the water much more slowly. The other, smaller, basin drains the water from the surface to the subglacial distributed flow system. Based on the travel time of the individual concentration peaks, the water could be flowing through a linked-cavity system or interconnected bands of highly permeable debris separated by zones of less permeability. RP FOUNTAIN, AG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 25046,MS 412,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 131 BP 143 EP 156 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA LD620 UT WOS:A1993LD62000015 ER PT J AU REIMNITZ, E BARNES, PW WEBER, WS AF REIMNITZ, E BARNES, PW WEBER, WS TI PARTICULATE MATTER IN PACK ICE OF THE BEAUFORT GYRE SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA; SEDIMENT; MOTION AB Ice observations and sediment samples were collected in the Beaufort Gyre in 1988. Fine sediment occurred in very small patches of turbid ice, as thin spotty surface layers, in mud pellets or in old snowdrifts. The latter were widespread south of 74-degrees-N, containing an estimated 22 tonnes of silt and clay km-2. Average particle concentration in sea ice (40 mg l-1) was much higher than in sea water (0.8 mg l-1) or in new snow, but the sediment load was significantly smaller and of finer texture compared to that observed in a shelfal source area after a major entrainment event. About 30% of the sediment consisted of small pellets. Mud in pellets has similar texture, clay minerals and organic/inorganic carbon content as dispersed mud. Particle sizes <16 mum dominate, sand is less than 1%, compared to as much as 8% in four samples obtained in 1971 and 1972. Organic carbon content is about 2%, illite dominates clay minerals (approximately 50%), and diatoms suggest a shelf sediment source. From the prevalence of wind-reworked surficial deposits, the spotty occurrence of only small patches of turbid ice in old clean ice, and the virtual lack of sand-size material, we assume the sediment had drifted at least 2 years since entrainment and was distant from its source. Assuming one-third of the load is released each year, the estimated deposition rate would equal the measured Holocene rate (approximately 2 cm 1000 year-1). Therefore, modern sea-ice rafting represents a substantial fraction of the total Arctic Ocean sediment budget. RP REIMNITZ, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 131 BP 186 EP 198 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA LD620 UT WOS:A1993LD62000018 ER PT J AU JACOBEL, RW GADES, AM GOTTSCHLING, DL HODGE, SM WRIGHT, DL AF JACOBEL, RW GADES, AM GOTTSCHLING, DL HODGE, SM WRIGHT, DL TI INTERPRETATION OF RADAR-DETECTED INTERNAL LAYER FOLDING IN WEST ANTARCTIC ICE STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; BASE AB Low-frequency surface-based radar-profiling experiments on Ice Streams B and C, West Antarctica, have yielded high-resolution images which depict folding of the internal layers that can aid in the interpretation of ice-stream dynamics. Unlike folding seen in most earlier radar studies of ice sheets, the present structures have no relationship to bedrock topography and show tilting of their axial fold planes in the flow direction. Rather than being standing waves created by topography or local variations in basal shear stress, the data show that these folds originate upstream of the region of streaming flow and are advected into the ice streams. The mechanism for producing folds is hypothesized to be changes in the basal boundary conditions as the ice makes the transition from inland ice to ice-stream flow. Migration of this transition zone headward can then cause folds in the internal layering to be propagated down the ice streams. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ICE & CLIMATE PROJECT,TACOMA,WA 98416. US GEOL SURVEY,GEOPHYS BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. RP JACOBEL, RW (reprint author), ST OLAF COLL,DEPT PHYS,NORTHFIELD,MN 55057, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 133 BP 528 EP 537 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NA692 UT WOS:A1993NA69200011 ER PT J AU LINGLE, CS POST, A HERZFELD, UC MOLNIA, BF KRIMMEL, RM ROUSH, JJ AF LINGLE, CS POST, A HERZFELD, UC MOLNIA, BF KRIMMEL, RM ROUSH, JJ TI BERING GLACIER SURGE AND ICEBERG-CALVING MECHANISM AT VITUS LAKE, ALASKA, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID TIDEWATER GLACIERS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,VASHON,WA 98070. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV PUGET SOUND,US GEOL SURVEY,ICE & CLIMATE PROJECT,TACOMA,WA 98416. UNIV ALASKA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP LINGLE, CS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 133 BP 722 EP 727 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NA692 UT WOS:A1993NA69200037 ER PT J AU LUDWIG, JP AUMAN, HJ KURITA, H LUDWIG, ME CAMPBELL, LM GIESY, JP TILLITT, DE JONES, P YAMASHITA, N TANABE, S TATSUKAWA, R AF LUDWIG, JP AUMAN, HJ KURITA, H LUDWIG, ME CAMPBELL, LM GIESY, JP TILLITT, DE JONES, P YAMASHITA, N TANABE, S TATSUKAWA, R TI CASPIAN TERN REPRODUCTION IN THE SAGINAW BAY ECOSYSTEM FOLLOWING A 100-YEAR FLOOD EVENT SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PLANAR PCBS; REPRODUCTION; FLOOD; CASPIAN TERN; WASTING; ABNORMALITIES; PCBS; CONTAMINATION; EMBRYO-TOXICITY; LAKE HURON ID FISH-EATING BIRDS; COPLANAR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; LAKES FOOD-CHAINS; GREAT-LAKES; CHICK-EMBRYOS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANTS; TOXICITY; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; PCBS; EGGS AB In the 2 years that followed the 100-year flood incident of September 1986 in the Saginaw River/Bay ecosystem, the reproduction of Caspian terns collapsed and then slowly recovered. Egg viability and fledging rates of hatched chicks were drastically depressed in 1987 and 1988. Eggs from clutches laid later in the year were less viable and chicks hatched from these eggs displayed wasting syndromes and deformities. The post-flood rate of deformities in hatched chicks in 1987-1989 was 163-fold greater than background rates for this population in 1962-1967. Embryonic abnormalities and deformities were found in many embryos recovered from dead eggs. Recently published data on planar toxic chemicals from samples of forage fish, tern eggs, and chicks from water birds nesting in the bay implicate planar dioxin-like PCBs 77 and 126 as the sources of these severe bioeffects. The planar PCB congeners accounted for >98% of TCDD-EQ toxicity in the tern eggs, and several were present at levels near or at the LD95 levels each for chicken eggs. Actual TCDD was about 1% of the TCDD-EQ toxicity. Very rapid buildup rates of PCBs were measured in tern eggs. The calculated toxic potency of PCB recovered from tern eggs was about 15-fold greater than parent aroclor 1242 PCB. Smaller tern species were projected to be much more at risk than the larger Caspian tern due to greater standard metabolic rates. The study supports the view that sediment disturbance and sediment banks of toxic chemicals are major threats to upper trophic level fish-eating species. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. DSIR,DIOXIN LAB,GREENFIELD RES CTR,LOWER HUTT,NEW ZEALAND. EHIME UNIV,SCH AGR,MATSUYAMA,EHIME 790,JAPAN. RP LUDWIG, JP (reprint author), SERE GRP LTD,5157 M52 S,STOCKBRIDGE,MI 49285, USA. RI Auman, Heidi/J-2418-2013; Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013 OI Auman, Heidi/0000-0002-3749-7554; NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 1 BP 96 EP 108 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KX006 UT WOS:A1993KX00600005 ER PT J AU VELLEUX, ML RATHBUN, JE KREIS, RG MARTIN, JL MAC, MJ TUCHMAN, ML AF VELLEUX, ML RATHBUN, JE KREIS, RG MARTIN, JL MAC, MJ TUCHMAN, ML TI INVESTIGATION OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT FROM THE SAGINAW CONFINED DISPOSAL-FACILITY SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MATHEMATICAL MODELS; BIOMONITORING; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PCBS ID BIOACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS AB Pilot biomonitoring and modeling studies were conducted at the Saginaw Confined Disposal Facility (CDF), Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, during 1987 to develop methods to assess the potential for or magnitude of 1) contaminant transport from the dike interior to the outside environment, 2) impacts of CDF disposal on the water column and sediments, and 3) impacts of CDF disposal on aquatic biota living in the outdike zone. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were selected for study due to their presence in the sediments of the Saginaw River/Bay ecosystem. A mathematical model of near-field contaminant transport through the dike walls was constructed. Model predictions indicate that the rate of contaminant transport through the dike is expected to be small, amounting to less than 0.25 kg of PCBs after 5,000 days of simulation. A mathematical model of the far-field impacts of CDF transport was also constructed. Model predictions indicate that the incremental increase in steady-state, water column PCB concentrations in Saginaw Bay is expected to be approximately 0.05 ng/L per kg of PCB transported from the CDF. A biomonitoring program was developed to assess contaminant transport through dike walls and its impact on contaminant concentrations in biological tissues. Distinct transport of contaminants through the dike walls was not demonstrated using the biomonitoring approach. C1 US EPA,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138. ASCI CORP,ENVIRONM RES LAB ATHENS,ATHENS,GA 30613. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. US EPA,DIV WATER,REGION 5,CHICAGO,IL 60604. RP VELLEUX, ML (reprint author), ASCI CORP,LARGE LAKES RES STN,9311 GROH RD,GROSSE ILE,MI 48138, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 1 BP 158 EP 174 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KX006 UT WOS:A1993KX00600010 ER PT J AU TODD, TN HAAS, RC AF TODD, TN HAAS, RC TI GENETIC AND TAGGING EVIDENCE FOR MOVEMENT OF WALLEYES BETWEEN LAKE ERIE AND LAKE ST-CLAIR SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FISH POPULATIONS; WALLEYE; GREAT LAKES; TAGGING; GENETICS; ISOZYMES AB Walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) from Lake Erie differed in allele frequencies from walleyes in Lake St. Clair (N = 1,680; 25 loci); however, only slight differences were found among walleyes from different spawning sites in each lake. Analyses of allele frequency data from samples of nonspawning walleyes taken in Lake St. Clair provided conditional maximum likelihood estimates that 86% of these walleyes were from Lake St. Clair and 14% from Lake Erie (SD = 19.7%) in 1983 and that 63% were from Lake St. Clair and 37% were from Lake Erie (SD = 20.0%) in 1984. About 30% of 1,159 recoveries of walleyes tagged in Lake Erie were taken from the Detroit River northward to southern Lake Huron, thus demonstrating extensive mixing of stocks from Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair. Additionally, tags recovered from the upper half of the St. Clair River provided an estimate of mixed stock composition of 76% Lake St. Clair fish and 24% Lake Erie fish. Analyses of tags returned during successive spawning seasons showed that walleyes strongly tended to return to suspected natal spawning areas. The tagging data thus corroborate the genetic evidence that walleye stocks from Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie are different, and that large numbers of Lake Erie walleyes enter Lake St. Clair during nonspawning seasons and return to their Lake Erie spawning sites each year. Western Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair walleyes should be considered as separate stocks for management purposes. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,LAKE ST CLAIR FISHERIES STN,MT CLEMENS,MI 48045. RP TODD, TN (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 445 EP 452 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LN307 UT WOS:A1993LN30700023 ER PT J AU BRONTE, CR AF BRONTE, CR TI EVIDENCE OF SPRING SPAWNING LAKE TROUT IN LAKE-SUPERIOR SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE SISCOWET LAKE TROUT; SPAWNING; LAKE SUPERIOR AB In 1992, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service began research on the life history, population dynamics, and stock delineation of siscowet lake trout Salvelinus namaycush siscowet in Lake Superior. Siscowet were captured with gill nets in 80-150 m of water on 23-26 April 1992 north of the Apostle Islands in western Lake Superior. Of 91 captured siscowets, one male had fully developed testes in nearly ripe condition and one female had eggs running from the vent. This observation represents the earliest dates that lake trout of any morphotype have been found in spawning or near-spawning condition. RP BRONTE, CR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ASHLAND BIOL STN,2800 LAKE SHORE DR E,ASHLAND,WI 54806, USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 625 EP 629 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MB675 UT WOS:A1993MB67500012 ER PT J AU EDSALL, TA SELGEBY, JH DESORCIE, TJ FRENCH, JRP AF EDSALL, TA SELGEBY, JH DESORCIE, TJ FRENCH, JRP TI GROWTH-TEMPERATURE RELATION FOR YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR RUFFE SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE RUFFE; TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM; FISH; GROWTH ID ST-LOUIS RIVER; LAKE-SUPERIOR; REQUIREMENTS AB The ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) was accidentally introduced into the Great Lakes basin from Eurasia and has established a breeding population in the St. Louis River, a major tributary to western Lake Superior. We captured young-of-the-year ruffe in the St. Louis River, acclimated groups of 90-91 fish to test temperatures of 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25-degrees-C; and fed them ad libitum for 42 days at those temperatures. Ruffe grew at all five temperatures, but the optimum temperature for growth was about 21-degrees-C Because the optimum temperature for growth of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), sauger (Stizostedion canadense), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) is about 22-degrees-C, ruffe will probably attempt to share their thermal habitat. A recent survey of the St. Louis River revealed that yellow perch and small forage fish declined sharply as ruffe abundance increased. A similar decline in yellow perch abundance in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie would seriously affect the fisheries in these lakes. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ASHLAND BIOL STN,ASHLAND,WI 54806. RP EDSALL, TA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 630 EP 633 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MB675 UT WOS:A1993MB67500013 ER PT J AU WALLER, DL RACH, JJ COPE, WG MARKING, LL FISHER, SW DABROWSKA, H AF WALLER, DL RACH, JJ COPE, WG MARKING, LL FISHER, SW DABROWSKA, H TI TOXICITY OF CANDIDATE MOLLUSCICIDES TO ZEBRA MUSSELS (DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA) AND SELECTED NONTARGET ORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZEBRA MUSSEL; MOLLUSCICIDES AB Many compounds have been marketed for control of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), but most compounds lack comparable toxicity data and have not been tested on nontarget organisms. We tested the toxicity of 18 chemicals to two sizes of zebra mussels, two nontarget fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus), and a unionid mussel (threehorn wartyback, Obliquaria reflexa) under standard conditions. Organisms were exposed to the chemicals for 48 h in ''soft reference water (pH 7.7, alkalinity 6 x 10(-4) m/L (30 mg/L) as CaCO3, and total hardness 40 mg/L as CaCO3) at 17-degrees-C Zebra mussels and unionid mussels were held in untreated reference water for another 48 h after exposure to measure delayed mortality. The LC50 values and 95% confidence intervals were com-pared among test organisms. Potassium chloride, Bayluscide (a registered molluscicide), and Clamtrol CT-1 (a polyquaternary ammonium compound) were the most selective chemicals tested against zebra mussels. They were two to three times more toxic to zebra mussels than to the nontarget species. Most of the remaining chemicals lacked the desired toxicity or were more toxic to fish than to zebra mussels. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP WALLER, DL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 695 EP 702 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV465 UT WOS:A1993MV46500008 ER PT J AU LUDWIG, JP GIESY, JP SUMMER, CL BOWERMAN, W AULERICH, R BURSIAN, S AUMAN, HJ JONES, PD WILLIAMS, LL TILLITT, DE GILBERTSON, M AF LUDWIG, JP GIESY, JP SUMMER, CL BOWERMAN, W AULERICH, R BURSIAN, S AUMAN, HJ JONES, PD WILLIAMS, LL TILLITT, DE GILBERTSON, M TI A COMPARISON OF WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE GREAT-LAKES BASED ON HUMAN AND WILDLIFE HEALTH SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE GREAT LAKES; BIRDS; RISK; PCBS; DIOXINS; REPRODUCTION; POLICY ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY; FISH-EATING BIRDS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS; CHICK-EMBRYOS; COPLANAR PCBS; MONO-ORTHO; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS AB Water-quality criteria (WQC) can be derived in several ways. The usual techniques involve hazard and risk assessment procedures. For non-persistent, non-biomagnified compounds and elements, WQC are experimentally derived from their acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. For those persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCHs) that are bioaccumulated and biomagnified, these traditional techniques have not been effective, partly because effects higher in the food web were not considered. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the bioaccumulative synthetic chemicals of primary toxicological significance to the Great Lakes biota which have caused widespread injury to wildlife. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the primary emphasis of hazard assessments has been on the potential for adverse effects in humans who eat fish. The primary regulatory endpoint of traditional hazard and risk assessments underlying current WQC are the probabilities of additional cancers occurring in the human population. The analysis presented here indicates that this is not adequate to restore sensitive wildlife species that are highly exposed to PCBs, especially those that have suffered serious population declines. Because WQC are legal instruments, the methods of deriving WQC have large implications for remediation, litigation, and damage assessments. Here WQC are derived for six species based on the responses of wildlife in the field or produced by feeding fish to surrogate species, rather than projecting a potential of increased cancer rates in humans. If the most sensitive wildlife species are restored and protected for very sensitive reproductive endpoints, then all components of the ecosystem, including human health, should be more adequately protected The management of Great Lakes wildlife requires an understanding of the injury and causal relationships to persistent toxic substances. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. DSIR,CTR CHEM,DIOXIN LAB,LOWER HUTT,NEW ZEALAND. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,E LANSING,MI 48224. USFWS,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. INT JOINT COMMISS,DETROIT,MI 48226. RP LUDWIG, JP (reprint author), SERE GRP LTD,POB 556,EUREKA,MI 48833, USA. RI Auman, Heidi/J-2418-2013; Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Auman, Heidi/0000-0002-3749-7554; Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 106 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2200 BONISTEEL BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 789 EP 807 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV465 UT WOS:A1993MV46500018 ER PT J AU WINTER, TC LLAMAS, MR AF WINTER, TC LLAMAS, MR TI INTRODUCTION TO THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS SYMPOSIUM ON THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF WETLANDS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV COMPLUTENSE,FAC CIENCIAS GEOL,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. RP WINTER, TC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KK970 UT WOS:A1993KK97000001 ER PT J AU WOO, MK WINTER, TC AF WOO, MK WINTER, TC TI THE ROLE OF PERMAFROST AND SEASONAL FROST IN THE HYDROLOGY OF NORTHERN WETLANDS IN NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBARCTIC WETLAND; FROZEN SOILS; SNOW-COVER; SASKATCHEWAN; EVAPORATION; ENVIRONMENT; CANADA; THAW AB Wetlands are a common landscape feature in the Arctic, Subarctic, and north Temperate zones of North America. In all three zones, the occurrence of seasonal frost results in similar surface-water processes in the early spring. For example, surface ice and snow generally melt before the soil frost thaws, causing melt water to flow into depressions, over the land surface, and at times, across low topographic divides. However, evapotranspiration and ground-water movement differ among the three climatic zones because they are more affected by permafrost than seasonal frost. The water source for plants in the Arctic is restricted to the small volume of subsurface water lying above the permafrost. Although this also is true in the Subarctic where permafrost exists, where it does not, plants may receive, and possibly reflect, more regional ground-water sources. Where permafrost exists, the interaction of wetlands with subsurface water is largely restricted to shallow local flow systems. But where permafrost is absent, in parts of the Subarctic and all of the Temperate zone, wetlands may have a complex interaction with ground-water-flow systems of all magnitudes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 413,DENVER,CO 80225. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT GEOG,HAMILTON L8S 4K1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 53 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 31 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90043-9 PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KK970 UT WOS:A1993KK97000002 ER PT J AU SHEDLOCK, RJ WILCOX, DA THOMPSON, TA COHEN, DA AF SHEDLOCK, RJ WILCOX, DA THOMPSON, TA COHEN, DA TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROUND-WATER AND WETLANDS, SOUTHERN SHORE OF LAKE-MICHIGAN, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN MINNESOTA AB Wetlands between, and within, dune-beach complexes along the south shore of Lake Michigan are strongly affected by ground water. The hydrogeology of the glacial drift aquifer system in a 26 km2 area was investigated to determine the effects of ground water on the hydrology and hydrochemistry of Cowles Bog and its adjacent wetlands. The investigation showed that ground water from intermediate- and regional-scale flow systems discharges to Cowles Bog from confined aquifers that underlie the wetland. These flow systems are recharged in moraines south of the dune-beach complexes. Water from the confined aquifers discharges into the surficial aquifer mainly by upward leakage through a buried till sheet that serves as the confining layer. However, the till sheet is breached below a raised peat mound in Cowles Bog, allowing direct upward discharge from the confined aquifer into the surficial sand, marl, and peat. The shallow ground and wetland water in the area influenced by this leakage is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, with low tritium concentrations consistent with mixing of older ground water and more recent precipitation Ground water and wetland water from surrounding areas are less mineralized and have higher tritium concentrations characteristic of precipitation in the late 1970s. The results of this study suggest that wetlands in complex hydrogeologic settings may be influenced by multiple ground-water flow systems that are affected by geomorphic features, stratigraphic discontinuities, and changes in sediment types. Discharge and recharge zones may both occur in the same wetland. Multidisciplinary studies incorporating hydrological, hydrochemical, geophysical, and sedimentological data are necessary to identify such complexities in wetland hydrology. C1 INDIANA DUNES NATL LAKESHORE,NATL PK SERV,PORTER,IN 46304. INDIANA GEOL SURVEY,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. US GEOL SURVEY,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278. RP SHEDLOCK, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,208 CARROLL BLDG,8600 LASALLE RD,TOWSON,MD 21286, USA. RI Thompson, Todd/G-6579-2011 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90047-D PG 29 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KK970 UT WOS:A1993KK97000006 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, PJ SHEDLOCK, RJ AF PHILLIPS, PJ SHEDLOCK, RJ TI HYDROLOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF GROUNDWATER AND SEASONAL PONDS IN THE ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN IN DELAWARE, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER; LAKES AB The hydrochemistry of small seasonal ponds was investigated by studying relations between groundwater and surface water in a forested Coastal Plain drainage basin. Observation of changes in the water table in a series of wells equipped with automatic water-level recorders showed that the relation between water-table configuration and basin topography changes seasonally, and particularly in response to spring recharge. Furthermore, in this study area the water table is not a subdued expression of the land surface topography, as is commonly assumed. During the summer and fall months, a water-table trough underlies sandy ridges separating the seasonal ponds. and maximum water-table altitudes prevail in the sediments beneath the dry pond bottoms. As the ponds fill with water during the winter, maximum water-table altitudes shift to the upland-margin zone adjacent to the seasonal ponds. Increases in pond stage are associated with the development of transient water-table mounds at the upland-margin wells during the spring. The importance of small local-flow systems adjacent to the seasonal ponds also is shown by the similarities in the chemistry of the shallow groundwater in the upland margin and water in the seasonal ponds. The upland-margin and surface-water samples have low pH (generally less than 5.0), and contain large concentrations of dissolved aluminum (generally more than 100 mug l-1), and low bicarbonate concentrations (2 mg l-1 or less). In contrast, the parts of the surficial aquifer that do not experience transient mounding have higher pH and larger concentrations of bicarbonate. These results suggest that an understanding of the hydrochemistry of seasonally ponded wetlands requires intensive study of the adjacent shallow groundwater-flow system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,TOWSON,MD 21286. RP PHILLIPS, PJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,JAMES T FOLEY COURTHOUSE,445 BROADWAY,BOX 1669,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90048-E PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KK970 UT WOS:A1993KK97000007 ER PT J AU HUPP, CR BAZEMORE, DE AF HUPP, CR BAZEMORE, DE TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF WETLAND SEDIMENTATION, WEST TENNESSEE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM; ARKANSAS; ILLINOIS; SWAMP AB Dendrogeomorphic techniques were used to describe and interpret patterns of sedimentation rates at two forested wetland sites in West Tennessee. Fifty-five sampling stations were established along transects upstream and downstream from bridge structures, and 515 trees were examined for depth of sediment accretion and cored for age determination. Temporal variation in sedimentation rate may be related more to stream channelization and agricultural activity than to bridge and causeway construction. Sedimentation rates have increased substantially in the last 28 years, although channelized streams may have overall lower rates than unchannelized streams. Comparisons of sedimentation rates from deposition over artificial markers (short term) with those determined from tree-ring analysis (long-term) indicate that trends are similar where hydrogeomorphic conditions have not been altered substantially. No tendency for increased sedimentation upstream from bridges was observed. Deposition rates were inversely correlated with elevation and degree of ponding. Downstream deposition of sand splays appears to be related to flow constrictions and may be extensive. Mean overall rates of sedimentation (between 0.24 and 0.28 cm year-1) determined dendrogeomorphically, are comparable with other published rates. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. RP HUPP, CR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3850 HOLCOMB BRIDGE RD,SUITE 160,NORCROSS,GA 30092, USA. NR 34 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90049-F PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KK970 UT WOS:A1993KK97000008 ER PT J AU MORGAN, GB CHOU, IM PASTERIS, JD OLSEN, SN AF MORGAN, GB CHOU, IM PASTERIS, JD OLSEN, SN TI RE-EQUILIBRATION OF CO2 FLUID INCLUSIONS AT CONTROLLED HYDROGEN FUGACITIES SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLUID INCLUSIONS; HYDROGEN DIFFUSION; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; REEQUILIBRATION ID LASER RAMAN MICROPROBE; HIGH-PRESSURE; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; DIFFUSION; EQUATION; MIXTURES; METHANE; STATE AB Natural, pure CO2 inclusions in quartz and olivine (c. Fo90) were exposed to controlled f(H-2) conditions at T = 718-728-degrees-C and P(total) = 2 kbar; their compositions were monitored (before and after exposures) by microsampling Raman spectroscopy (MRS) and microthermometry. In both minerals exposed at the graphite-methane buffer (f(H-2) = 73 bar), fluid speciations record the diffusion of hydrogen into the inclusions. In quartz, room-temperature products in euhedral isolated (EI type) inclusions are carbonic phases with molar compositions of c. CO2(60) + CH4(40) plus graphite (Gr) and H2O, whereas anhedral inclusions along secondary fractures (AS type) are Gr-free and contain H2O plus carbonic phases with compositions in the range c. CO2(60) + CH4(40) to CO2(10) + CH4(90). EI type inclusions in olivine evolved to c. CO2(90-95) + CH4(5-10) without Gr, whereas AS type inclusions have a range of compositions from CO2(90) + CH4(10) +/- Gr to CH4(50) + H-2(50) +/- Gr; neither H2O nor any hydrous species was detected by optical microscopy or MRS in the olivine-hosted products. Differences in composition between and among the texturally distinct populations of inclusions in both minerals probably arise from variations in initial fluid densities, as all inclusions apparently equilibrated with the ambient f(H-2). These relations suggest that compositional variability among inclusions in a given natural sample does not require the entrapment of multiple generations of fluids. In addition, the absence of H2O in the olivine-hosted inclusions would require the extraction of oxygen from the fluids, in which case re-equilibration mechanisms may be dependent on the composition and structure of the host mineral. Many of the same samples were re-exposed to identical P-T conditions using Ar as the pressure medium, yielding ambient f(H-2) = 0.06 bar. In most inclusions, the carbonic fluids returned to pure CO2 and graphite persisted in the products. Reversal of the mechanisms from the prior exposure at f(H-2) = 73 bar did not occur in any inclusions but the AS types in olivine, in which minor CO2 was produced at the expense of CH4 and/or graphite. The observed non-reversibility of previous mechanisms may be attributed to: (1) slower fluid-solid reactions compared to reactions in the homogeneous fluid phase; (2) depressed activities of graphite due to poor ordering; and/or (3) low ambient f(O2) at the conditions of the second run. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 62 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 1 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA KF369 UT WOS:A1993KF36900010 ER PT J AU COBBAN, WA KENNEDY, WJ AF COBBAN, WA KENNEDY, WJ TI MIDDLE CAMPANIAN AMMONITES AND INOCERAMIDS FROM THE WOLFE-CITY SAND IN NORTHEASTERN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The middle Campanian Wolfe City Sand in northeastern Texas yields a distinctive ammonite and inoceramid fauna with Patagiosites sp., Placenticeras sp., Hoplitoplacenticeras (Hoplitoplacenticeras) minor n. sp., Baculites mclearni Landes, 1940, Trachyscaphites spiniger (Schluter, 1872) porchi (Adkins, 1929), Inoceramus (Cordiceramus) azerbaidjanensis Aliev, 1939, and I. (Endocostea) balticus Boehm, 1907. The last-named four species allow a direct correlation with the Baculites mclearni zone of the Western Interior of the United States. The base of this zone has been dated at 79.9 +/- 3.2/79.2 +/- 1.6 Ma on the basis of K/Ar determinations on biotite from a bentonite. Inoceramus azerbaidjanensis is also known from the Campanian of the U.S.S.R. in Azerbaidjan (where the species was first described), western Turkemenia, Georgia, the northern Caucasus, the Crimea, and Donbass. C1 UNIV OXFORD MUSEUM, GEOL COLLECT, OXFORD OX1 3PW, ENGLAND. RP COBBAN, WA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, BOX 25046, MAIL STOP 919, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 EI 1937-2337 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 PG 12 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KK628 UT WOS:A1993KK62800007 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA AF KENNEDY, WJ COBBAN, WA TI CAMPANIAN AMMONITES FROM THE ANNONA CHALK NEAR YANCY, ARKANSAS SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE FOSSILS AB Ammonites are abundant in the phosphatic base of the Annona Chalk (Campanian) near Yancy in Hempstead County, Arkansas. The following are described: Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) sp. (very rare), Placenticeras sp. (very rare), Nostoceras (Nostoceras) pulcher n. sp. (rare), N. (N.) monotuberculatum n. sp. (scarce), N. (N.) plerucostatum n. sp. (frequent), N. (N.) danei (frequent), Didymoceras sp. (rare), Didymoceratoides binodosum n. gen. and sp. (frequent), D. clardyi n. gen. and sp. (rare), Baculites taylorensis Adkins, 1929 (abundant), B. crickmayi Williams, 1930 (common), and Baculites sp. (abundant). The diverse Nostoceras association is typical of Gulf Coast upper Campanian rocks but Didymoceratoides is a Western Interior upper middle Campanian genus. Nostoceras (N.) monotuberculatum n. sp., however, is known from a single specimen from the basal upper Campanian Didymoceras stevensoni zone in Colorado. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KENNEDY, WJ (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD MUSEUM,GEOL COLLECT,PARKS RD,OXFORD OX1 3PW,ENGLAND. NR 69 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 83 EP 97 PG 15 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KK628 UT WOS:A1993KK62800008 ER PT J AU BROUWERS, EM FORESTER, RM AF BROUWERS, EM FORESTER, RM TI SYNONYMIES OF LEPTOCYTHERE-KLUTINENSIS FORESTER AND BROUWERS, 1985, AND CYTHEROMORPHA-KNIKENSIS FORESTER AND BROUWERS, 1985 SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Note RP BROUWERS, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 919,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KK628 UT WOS:A1993KK62800022 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, EI AF ROBBINS, EI TI EDHORN,ANNA,STINA,MAGNUSSON (1915-1992) - MEMORIAL SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP ROBBINS, EI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR MS 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 163 EP 163 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KK628 UT WOS:A1993KK62800025 ER PT J AU WOOD, PB COLLOPY, MW AF WOOD, PB COLLOPY, MW TI EFFECTS OF EGG REMOVAL ON BALD EAGLE PRODUCTIVITY IN NORTHERN FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We removed eggs from bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nests in northern Florida from 1985 through 1988 to determine if pairs would lay again and to evaluate how egg removal affected subsequent productivity. Of 58 pairs that had first clutches removed, 45 (78%) laid a second clutch within an average of 29.4 days. In 1 study area, productivity of pairs that had their first clutch removed (1.00 young fledged/breeding attempt) was less (P = 0.02) than control pairs (1.47) that produced their clutches during the same time period. In contrast, no difference (P = 0.75) in productivity occurred between donor (1.17) and control pairs (1.09) produced during the same period in a second study area. Productivity of donor nests 1 year prior to egg removal was greater (P = 0.03) than 1 year after egg removal. However, a simple age-structured demographic model (RAMAS) revealed that population size after 25 years was only slightly higher for the control population. Consequently, egg removals over a limited number of seasons and nests were effective in providing large numbers of eagles for release, with limited adverse effects on Florida's donor population. An egg-removal program may be an effective alternative strategy to captive breeding and translocation of young in recovery actions among raptor populations requiring active management, particularly for tropical species that have long breeding seasons. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,FLORIDA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.2307/3808993 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH006 UT WOS:A1993KH00600001 ER PT J AU ANTHONY, RG GARRETT, MG SCHULER, CA AF ANTHONY, RG GARRETT, MG SCHULER, CA TI ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS IN BALD EAGLES IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RESIDUES; EGGS; DDE; WISCONSIN; MERCURY; FISH AB Eggs, blood, and carcasses of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and fish were collected and breeding success of eagles was monitored in the Columbia River estuary, 1980-87, to determine if contaminants were having an effect on productivity. High levels of dichloro diphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were found in eggs, blood from adults, and 2 eagle carcasses. Detectable levels of DDE and PCB's were found in blood of nestlings indicating they were exposed to these contaminants early in life. Increasing concentrations of DDE and PCB's with age also indicated accumulation of these contaminants. Adult eagles also had higher levels of mercury (Hg) in blood than subadults or young indicating accumulation with age. The high levels of DDE and PCB's were associated with eggshell thinning (xBAR = 10%) and with productivity (xBAR = 0.56 young/occupied site) that was lower than that of healthy populations (i.e., greater-than-or-equal-to 1.00 young/occupied site). DDE and PCB's had a deleterious effect on reproduction of bald eagles in the estuary. The role dioxins play in eagle reproduction remains unclear, but concentrations in eagle eggs were similar to those in laboratory studies on other species where dioxins adversely affected hatchability of eggs. Probable sources of these contaminants include dredged river sediments and hydroelectric dams, and the proper management of each may reduce the amount of contaminants released into the Columbia River estuary. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PORTLAND FIELD OFF,PORTLAND,OR 97266. RP ANTHONY, RG (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 54 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.2307/3808994 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH006 UT WOS:A1993KH00600002 ER PT J AU GARRETT, MG WATSON, JW ANTHONY, RG AF GARRETT, MG WATSON, JW ANTHONY, RG TI BALD EAGLE HOME RANGE AND HABITAT USE IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Little information is available on how areas heavily impacted by humans affect habitat use and home range size of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Thus, we studied home range and seasonal habitat use of bald eagles in the Columbia River estuary (CRE), Oregon and Washington, 1984-86. Aerial and boat surveys of the entire population and intensive observations of 9 breeding pairs were conducted. Most resident pairs were present near their nests year-round. Home range size of resident pairs averaged approximately 22 km2 for both breeding and nonbreeding periods, and ranged from 6 to 47 kM2 among pairs. Areas of highest use within home ranges averaged <0.5 km2 (range = 0.1-1.0 km2), and their locations within home ranges varied between breeding and nonbreeding periods. Resident and nonresident migrant bald eagles in the CRE generally selected remnant stands of old-growth forest near the shoreline for nesting habitat, hunted from perches in mixed-mature conifers and bottomland hardwoods on river islands, and primarily used tidal flats as foraging habitat. We recommend a nesting region approach for managing bald eagles in large geographical areas heavily impacted by humans. This addresses the needs of a number of resident nesting pairs and transient wintering eagles, including the identification of high-use areas and key habitat features important to year-round populations. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.2307/3808995 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH006 UT WOS:A1993KH00600003 ER PT J AU BRACKNEY, AW HUPP, JW AF BRACKNEY, AW HUPP, JW TI AUTUMN DIET OF LESSER SNOW GEESE STAGING IN NORTHEASTERN ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JAMES-BAY; SHOT MALLARDS; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; HABITATS; SURVIVAL; FOOD; AGE AB The coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is used by lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) in autumn for premigratory staging. To better understand the potential impacts of human disturbance on lesser snow geese, we investigated species composition of, and temporal and age-related variation in, their diet during staging. Depending on age and time of collection, between 35.2 and 94.1% of the diet (aggregate percent wet mass, n = 75) consisted of 2 species of plants; underground stems of tall cotton-grass (Eriophorum angustifolium), and aerial shoots of northern scouring-rush (Equisetum variegatum). The diet varied between August and September (P = 0.0089), morning and afternoon (P < 0.0001), but not between age classes (P = 0.066). Throughout staging, lesser snow geese consumed more tall cotton-grass during the afternoon than during the morning (P < 0.05). Tall cotton-grass was a larger component of the afternoon diet in September than in late August (P < 0.05). In September, lesser snow geese consumed more northern scouring-rush in the mornings than in the afternoon (P < 0.05). Nighttime freezing, interspecific differences in nutritional quality, and plant senescence likely constrained the diet of lesser snow geese to a small number of food items. Because alternative foods may not be available, human disturbance should be minimized in areas that provide these forage species. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARCTIC NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.2307/3809000 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH006 UT WOS:A1993KH00600008 ER PT J AU HOMER, CG EDWARDS, TC RAMSEY, RD PRICE, KP AF HOMER, CG EDWARDS, TC RAMSEY, RD PRICE, KP TI USE OF REMOTE-SENSING METHODS IN MODELING SAGE GROUSE WINTER HABITAT SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SELECTION EXPERIMENTS; ECOREGIONS; MOVEMENTS AB Populations of Rich County, Utah sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been declining in recent years. Because loss of winter habitat is a suspected factor, we used Landsat Thematic Mapper data to model structural and compositional attributes of sage grouse winter habitat over a 2,548-km2 area in Rich County, 1989-90. Of the 7 shrub and 1 no-shrub classes delineated from the Thematic Mapper, sage grouse preferred 3, avoided 3, and demonstrated no preference for the remaining 2. To determine if the model could be extrapolated to other unsampled areas, we tested model validity with 2 independent data sets from the northern and southern ends of the county. Model fit was excellent (P = 0.984). The successful development of this Geographic Information System model demonstrates the future capability of remote sensing/Geographic Information System applications to model structural and compositional attributes of wildlife habitat over large spatial scales. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG & EARTH RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT GEOG,KANSAS APPL REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. RP HOMER, CG (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,UTAH COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. RI Ramsey, R. Douglas/D-3504-2009 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.2307/3809003 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH006 UT WOS:A1993KH00600011 ER PT J AU KELLY, JF PLETSCHET, SM LESLIE, DM AF KELLY, JF PLETSCHET, SM LESLIE, DM TI HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER CAVITY TREES IN AN OLD-GROWTH FOREST OF OKLAHOMA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Several studies have focused on the relationship between habitat structure and the location of red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavities; however, they were conducted in forests dominated by pines < 100 years old. The red-cockaded woodpecker historically has occurred in mature forests dominated by pines >100 years old. Thus, we wanted to measure the habitat structure at red-cockaded woodpecker cavity-tree sites, non-use sites, and systematically located (hereafter called systematic) sites in old-growth timber on the McCurtain County Wilderness Area, Oklahoma. We compared habitat structure within cavity-tree and non-use sites, between cavity-tree and non-use sites, and between cavity-tree and systematic sites. A 0.01-ha plot directly in front of the cavity opening had shorter (P = 0.002) hardwoods, than the remaining 0.03 ha surrounding the cavity tree. The area surrounding cavity trees (0.04 ha) had shorter hardwoods (P = 0.002), less (P = 0.008) hardwood basal-area, and more (P = 0.006) pine saplings than did non-use sites. There also was more (P < 0.001) pine basal-area 31.3 m from the center of cavity sites than at systematic sites. Hardwood density at cavity sites was greater (8.6 M2/ha) than that recommended by the Red-cockaded Woodpecker Recovery Plan (4.6 m2/ha, U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 1985), but was similar to hardwood densities documented elsewhere within the distribution of the species. Our observations suggest that red-cockaded woodpecker cavities are located in areas with few short hardwoods and that hardwood density may be of greatest importance near the cavity entrance. Although our results demonstrate patterns similar to those reported by previous studies, we question the interpretation of these patterns and recommend that experimental manipulations be conducted to clarify the importance of midstory encroachment and its management. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.2307/3809008 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH006 UT WOS:A1993KH00600016 ER PT S AU ESTES, JA RATHBUN, GB VANBLARICOM, GR AF ESTES, JA RATHBUN, GB VANBLARICOM, GR BE Dunstone, N Gorman, ML TI PARADIGMS FOR MANAGING CARNIVORES - THE CASE OF THE SEA OTTER SO MAMMALS AS PREDATORS SE SYMPOSIA OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mammals as Predators CY NOV 22-23, 1991 CL ZOOL SOC LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND SP ZOOL SOC LONDON HO ZOOL SOC LONDON C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0084-5612 BN 0-19-854067-1 J9 SYM ZOOL S PY 1993 IS 65 BP 307 EP 320 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BA75B UT WOS:A1993BA75B00016 ER PT B AU BETANCOURT, JL PIERSON, EA RYLANDER, KA FAIRCHILDPARKS, JA DEAN, JS AF BETANCOURT, JL PIERSON, EA RYLANDER, KA FAIRCHILDPARKS, JA DEAN, JS BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI INFLUENCE OF HISTORY AND CLIMATE ON NEW-MEXICO PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 UNIV ARIZONA,US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DESERT LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 42 EP 62 PG 21 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00013 ER PT S AU EDWARDS, TC SCOTT, JM HOMER, CG RAMSEY, RD AF EDWARDS, TC SCOTT, JM HOMER, CG RAMSEY, RD BE Falconer, A TI GAP ANALYSIS - A GEOGRAPHIC APPROACH FOR ASSESSING NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SO MAPPING TOMORROW'S RESOURCES SE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (NREI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping Tomorrows Resources CY APR 23-24, 1992 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, ECCLES CONF CTR, LOGAN, UT SP UTAH STATE UNIV, COLL NAT RESOURCES, S J & JESSIE E QUINNEY FDN, USDA, SOIL CONSERVAT SERV, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UTAH COOPERAT RES UNIT, USDA, FOREST SERV, UTAH GEOG ALLIANCE HO UTAH STATE UNIV, ECCLES CONF CTR C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UTAH STATE UNIV, COLL NATURAL RESOURCES PI LOGAN PA S J & JESSIE E QUINNEY NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH LIBRARY, LOGAN, UT 84322-5200 SN 1069-5370 J9 NAT RESOUR ENV ISS PY 1993 VL 2 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BA20L UT WOS:A1993BA20L00010 ER PT J AU KVENVOLDEN, KA HOSTETTLER, FD RAPP, JB CARLSON, PR AF KVENVOLDEN, KA HOSTETTLER, FD RAPP, JB CARLSON, PR TI HYDROCARBONS IN OIL RESIDUES ON BEACHES OF ISLANDS OF PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID VALDEZ AB Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were measured on oil residues from beaches on six islands in Prince William Sound, Alaska. In addition to altered products from the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989, we also found, at two widely separated locations, residues that are similar to each other but chemically distinct from the spilled oil. Terpanes, steranes, monoaromatic steranes, and carbon isotopic compositions of total extracts were most useful in correlating the altered products of the spilled oil. These same parameters revealed that the two non-Valdez samples are likely residues of oil originally produced in California. The results indicate that oil residues currently on the beaches of this estuary have at least two quite different origins. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MAIL STOP 999, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90593-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KL630 UT WOS:A1993KL63000007 ER PT J AU SANFORD, RF PIERSON, CT CROVELLI, RA AF SANFORD, RF PIERSON, CT CROVELLI, RA TI AN OBJECTIVE REPLACEMENT METHOD FOR CENSORED GEOCHEMICAL DATA SO MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUBSTITUTION METHOD; QUALIFIED DATA; LOGNORMAL DISTRIBUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ID WATER-QUALITY DATA; DISTRIBUTIONAL PARAMETERS AB Geochemical data are commonly censored, that is, concentrations for some samples are reported as ''less than '' or ''greater than '' some value. Censored data hampers statistical analysis because certain computational techniques used in statistical analysis require a complete set of uncensored data. We show that the simple substitution method for creating an uncensored dataset, e. g., replacement by 3/4 times the detection limit, has serious flaws, and we present an objective method to determine the replacement value. Our basic premise is that the replacement value should equal the mean of the actual values represented by the qualified data. We adapt the maximum likelihood approach (Cohen, 1961) to estimate this mean. This method reproduces the mean and skewness as well or better than a simple substitution method using 3/4 of the lower detection limit or 3/4 of the upper detection limit. For a small proportion of ''less than'' substitutions, a simple-substitution replacement factor of 0.55 is preferable to 3/4; for a small proportion of ''greater than'' substitutions, a simple-substitution replacement factor of 1.7 is preferable to 4/3, provided the resulting replacement value does not exceed 100%. For more than 10% replacement, a mean empirical factor may be used. However, empirically determined simple-substitution replacement factors usually vary among different data sets and are less reliable with more replacements. Therefore, a maximum likelihood method is superior in general. Theoretical and empirical analyses show that true replacement factors for ''less thans '' decrease in magnitude with more replacements and larger standard deviation; those for ''greater thans '' increase in magnitude with more replacements and larger standard deviation. In contrast to any simple substitution method, the maximum likelihood method reproduces these variations. Using the maximum likelihood method for replacing ''less thans'' in our sample data set, correlation coefficients were reasonably accurately estimated in 90% of the cases for as much as 40% replacement and in 60% of the cases for 80% replacement. These results suggest that censored data can be utilized more than is commonly realized. RP SANFORD, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 905,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0882-8121 J9 MATH GEOL JI Math. Geol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 59 EP 80 DI 10.1007/BF00890676 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Geology; Mathematics GA KJ467 UT WOS:A1993KJ46700005 ER PT J AU BARRON, JA MAHOOD, AD AF BARRON, JA MAHOOD, AD TI EXCEPTIONALLY WELL-PRESERVED EARLY OLIGOCENE DIATOMS FROM GLACIAL SEDIMENTS OF PRYDZ BAY, EAST ANTARCTICA SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIOCENE; LATITUDES; EOCENE AB An exceptionally well-preserved early Oligocene diatom assemblage is documented and illustrated from the internal sediment of a gastropod shell, which was collected from glacial sediments recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 739 on the continental shelf in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The diatoms were deposited between 35.9 and 34.8 Ma according to diatom and calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy, apparently soon after a period of major ice sheet advance across the Prydz Bay continental shelf. The diatom assemblage is neritic in character, but it can readily be correlated with open ocean assemblages from the Southern Ocean as well as with similar material recovered from the CIROS-1 drillhole in the Ross Sea. C1 CALIF ACAD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. RP BARRON, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.2307/1485972 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA LA486 UT WOS:A1993LA48600002 ER PT B AU SOHN, IG AF SOHN, IG BE McKenzie, KG Jones, PJ TI THE OSTRACODE GENUS DISCOIDELLA CRONEIS AND GALE 1939, IS NOT A BIVALVE SO OSTRACODA IN THE EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Ostracoda: Ostracoda in the Earth and Life Sciences CY JUL 08-12, 1991 CL WARRNAMBOOL, AUSTRALIA DE LATE PALEOZOIC OSTRACODA; DISCOIDELLA; POLYCOPIDAE C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-306-X PY 1993 BP 65 EP 76 PG 12 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA BZ61P UT WOS:A1993BZ61P00006 ER PT J AU LIGHT, DL AF LIGHT, DL TI THE NATIONAL AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY PROGRAM AS A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM RESOURCE SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The' National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) is jointly funded by federal agencies and states that choose to participate in a 50-50 cost sharing cooperative arrangement. The NAPP is designed to acquire black-and-white (B&W) or color infrared (CIR) photography at a scale of 1:40,000. The status of NAPP flying, now going into the first year of its second five-year cycle, is reviewed to inform the user community of NAPP's coverage. The resolution, geometric quality, and flight parameters are used to estimate the system's cartographic potential to produce orthophotoquads, digital elevation models, topographic maps, and digital information to meet National Map Accuracy Standards at 1:12,000 and 1:24,000 scale, and to serve as a resource for geographic information systems. Also, a technique is presented to compute the optimum scanning spot size (15 muM) and storage required for converting the B&w or CIR photography to digital, machine-readable pixel form. The resulting digital NAPP data are suitable for a wide variety of new applications, including use in geographic information systems. RP LIGHT, DL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,511 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 61 EP 65 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KG097 UT WOS:A1993KG09700002 ER PT J AU SIPKIN, SA NEEDHAM, RE AF SIPKIN, SA NEEDHAM, RE TI MOMENT-TENSOR SOLUTIONS ESTIMATED USING OPTIMAL FILTER THEORY - GLOBAL SEISMICITY, 1991 SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Letter ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; WAVEFORM DATA; INVERSION AB Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 108 moderate-to-large size earthquakes occurring during 1991. RP SIPKIN, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 967,BOX 25046,DFC,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 75 IS 4 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0031-9201(93)90001-P PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KJ877 UT WOS:A1993KJ87700001 ER PT S AU RICKERT, D AF RICKERT, D GP FAO TI WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT TO DETERMINE THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF WATER-POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE AND RELATED ACTIVITIES SO PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE AND RELATED ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FAO EXPERT CONSULTATION SE FAO WATER REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT FAO Expert Consultation on Prevention of Water Pollution by Agriculture and Related Activities CY OCT 20-23, 1992 CL SANTIAGO, CHILE SP FAO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,OFF WATER QUAL,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS PI ROME PA VIA DELLE TERME DI CARACALLA, 00100 ROME, ITALY SN 1020-1203 BN 92-5-103380-3 J9 FAO WATER REP PY 1993 VL 1 BP 171 EP 194 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB20B UT WOS:A1993BB20B00015 ER PT J AU TINER, RW AF TINER, RW TI USING PLANTS AS INDICATORS OF WETLAND SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA LA English DT Article AB Many types of wetlands are characterized by distinct plant communities, so vegetation can be used to easily identify these wetlands. Plant communities of drier wetlands, in particular temporarily flooded and seasonally saturated types, are often represented by plants that grow at least equally well in uplands and wetlands. This makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to simply use vegetation to identify these wetlands. Moreover, the upper boundaries of wetlands in areas of low topographic relief usually have a plant community containing both wetland and terrestrial species. These two situations require that other factors be considered to positively identify these areas as wetlands. This paper discusses the use of plants for wetland identification and how certain soil properties can be used to help make more difficult wetland determinations. It also addresses the impracticality of using specific hydrologic requirements to identify and even define wetlands. Finally, a new approach to wetland identification-the Primary Indicators Approach-is introduced. This method is an attempt to use only properties that are unique to wetlands for their identification, in marked contrast to the Federal government's three-parameter or three-criteria approach. RP TINER, RW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NEWTON CORNER,MA 02158, USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD NATURAL SCIENCE PI PHILADELPHIA PA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 1900 BENJ. FRANKLIN PKWY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0097-3157 J9 P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA JI Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. PY 1993 VL 144 BP 240 EP 253 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KW274 UT WOS:A1993KW27400005 ER PT B AU PETERS, NE LEAVESLEY, GH AF PETERS, NE LEAVESLEY, GH BE Ferrick, M Pangburn, T TI HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY OF SNOWMELT AT RABBIT EARS PASS, ROCKY-MOUNTAINS, COLORADO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Western Snow Conference/50th Annual Eastern Snow Conference CY JUN 08-10, 1993 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,ATLANTA,GA 30360. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU 61ST WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI QUEBEC PA QUEBEC QUEBEC, CANADA PY 1993 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BA96Z UT WOS:A1993BA96Z00042 ER PT B AU LAUER, DT METZ, GG THORMODSGARD, JM AF LAUER, DT METZ, GG THORMODSGARD, JM GP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK TI LANDSAT DATA MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE SUPPORT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: Tools for Sustainable Development CY APR 04-08, 1993 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, JOANNEUM RES, GRAZER CONGRESS CTR, NASA, TELESPAZIO S P A C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1993 BP A417 EP A427 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA32L UT WOS:A1993BA32L00041 ER PT B AU ALHADEFF, SJ DAYTON, SF NIX, DL AF ALHADEFF, SJ DAYTON, SF NIX, DL GP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK TI USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY IN FUTURE LAND-USE PLANNING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: Tools for Sustainable Development CY APR 04-08, 1993 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, JOANNEUM RES, GRAZER CONGRESS CTR, NASA, TELESPAZIO S P A C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CTR SPATIAL ANAL TECHNOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1993 BP B234 EP B235 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA32L UT WOS:A1993BA32L00102 ER PT B AU HOOD, JJ AF HOOD, JJ GP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK TI ADVANCED VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER VALIDATION DATA SET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: Tools for Sustainable Development CY APR 04-08, 1993 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, JOANNEUM RES, GRAZER CONGRESS CTR, NASA, TELESPAZIO S P A C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HUGHES STX,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1993 BP B319 EP B329 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA32L UT WOS:A1993BA32L00111 ER PT B AU MUMFORD, PJ EILERTS, G AF MUMFORD, PJ EILERTS, G GP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK TI DATA MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN FAMINE EARLY WARNING - EXPERIENCES OF THE UNITED-STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM PROJECT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: Tools for Sustainable Development CY APR 04-08, 1993 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, JOANNEUM RES, GRAZER CONGRESS CTR, NASA, TELESPAZIO S P A C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HUGHES STX CORP,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1993 BP B635 EP B644 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA32L UT WOS:A1993BA32L00143 ER PT J AU RAMSEY, EW SPELL, RE DAY, RH AF RAMSEY, EW SPELL, RE DAY, RH GP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK TI MEASURING AND MONITORING THE WETLAND RESPONSE TO ACUTE STRESS BY USING REMOTE-SENSING TECHNIQUES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: Tools for Sustainable Development CY APR 04-08, 1993 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, JOANNEUM RES, GRAZER CONGRESS CTR, NASA, TELESPAZIO S P A C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1993 BP B43 EP B54 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA32L UT WOS:A1993BA32L00079 ER PT J AU MAYES, KB ROSENBLUM, PM BRANDT, TM AF MAYES, KB ROSENBLUM, PM BRANDT, TM TI RACEWAY SPAWNING OF FLORIDA LARGEMOUTH BASS - EFFECTS OF ACCLIMATION TIME AND HORMONE-TREATMENT ON SPAWNING SUCCESS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID OVULATION; ADVANCEMENT; SALMON; ANALOG AB Several acclimation periods and hormone treatments were tried to determine their effects on controlled spawning of 2-year-old Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). During the first season, fish were acclimated to raceways for 0-8 weeks before spawning; males and females were separated during acclimation. There was an inverse relationship between the length of the acclimation period and latency of first spawn after the sexes were mixed. The longest acclimation periods resulted in the shortest latencies; however, once spawning began, the rate of spawning (interval between spawns) was similar across treatments. During the second season, unacclimated and 2-week-acclimated largemouth bass were injected with saline, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 4,000 IU/kg body weight) or [D-ala6pro9-N-ethylamide]-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-A; 0.5 mg/kg body weight). Injections of HCG induced spawning quicker, and produced more spawns and fry, than injections of LHRH-A or saline. Acclimated largemouth bass produced more spawns than did unacclimated largemouth bass in all treatments. Acclimation periods may have allowed stress associated with common fish culture practices to diminish and may have provided time for synchrony to develop between male and female largemouth bass. In the last experiment, injections of HCG in females alone resulted in spawns within 48 h; however, spawns did not produce fry. This was attributed to a lack of synchrony with males, possibly resulting in overripeness of eggs. These results show that optimum spawning can be achieved when largemouth bass are allowed to acclimate to raceway conditions for 2 weeks, and that HCG treatment of both sexes is the preferred hormone treatment for induction of spawning. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HATCHERY & TECHNOL CTR,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. RP MAYES, KB (reprint author), SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HM FREEMAN AQUAT BIOL CTR,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0001:RSOFLB>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG666 UT WOS:A1993LG66600001 ER PT J AU SODERBERG, RW MEADE, JW REDELL, LA AF SODERBERG, RW MEADE, JW REDELL, LA TI GROWTH, SURVIVAL, AND FOOD CONVERSION OF ATLANTIC SALMON REARED AT 4 DIFFERENT DENSITIES WITH COMMON WATER-QUALITY SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID LAKE TROUT; CULTURE AB Our objective was to determine the maximum effective rearing density for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at 17.5-degrees-C, a temperature typically used in hatcheries to accelerate growth. We reared 5.8-g (mean weight) parr for 80 d to final rearing densities of 14-55 kg/m2 (rearing unit bottom area) or 80-310 kg/m3 (rearing unit volume). Weight gain was slightly depressed in fish at a final rearing density of 26 kg/m2 (146 kg/M3), but mortality, food conversion, and gain in length were not affected. At densities greater than 26 kg/m2, fish growth was slower and food conversion was higher, but mortality was unaffected. Atlantic salmon may be reared at 17.5-degrees-C to densities of at least 14 kg/m2 (80 kg/m3) without adverse effects on growth and health, but final rearing densities should not exceed 26 kg/m2. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,CORTLAND,NY 13045. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,WELLSBORO,PA 16901. RP SODERBERG, RW (reprint author), MANSFIELD UNIV,FISHERIES PROGRAM,MANSFIELD,PA 16933, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 29 EP 31 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0029:GSAFCO>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG666 UT WOS:A1993LG66600004 ER PT J AU HUGHES, SG AF HUGHES, SG TI SINGLE-FEEDING RESPONSE OF CHINOOK SALMON FRY TO POTENTIAL FEED-INTAKE MODIFIERS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID RAINBOW-TROUT; AMINO-ACIDS; GAIRDNERI-RICHARDSON; CHEMICAL NATURE; STIMULANTS; ATLANTIC; FISH AB A study was conducted to determine the effects of various potential feed intake modifiers on initial feed consumption by spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Feed intake was immediately and significantly influenced when glycine, trimethylamine, or betaine was added to experimental diets. Results support the notion that glycine enhances feed intake, whereas trimethylamine and betaine decrease it. The reduced consumption of diets containing betaine, which has often been described as a feeding attractant, may have been a response to the chemical form of this compound used in this study (betaine hydrochloride) and may not occur if the free form of betaine is used. RP HUGHES, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,3500 MKT ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0040:SFROCS>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG666 UT WOS:A1993LG66600007 ER PT J AU STONE, N LUDWIG, GM AF STONE, N LUDWIG, GM TI ESTIMATING NUMBERS OF GOLDEN SHINER EGGS ON SPAWNING MATS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB A method for estimating numbers of eggs of golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) on spawning mats was developed and tested. Eggs were removed from small plugs of mat material with 1.5% sodium sulfite solution. These samples were highly correlated with total egg numbers determined volumetrically. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISH FARMING EXPTL LAB,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP STONE, N (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,AGR EXPT STN,SJ PARKER AGR RES CTR,PINE BLUFF,AR 71601, USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 53 EP 54 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0053:TNENOG>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG666 UT WOS:A1993LG66600010 ER PT J AU STONE, N LUDWIG, GM AF STONE, N LUDWIG, GM TI HATCHING RATES OF GOLDEN SHINER EGGS IN TANKS SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB Egg-hatching rates for golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) on spawning mats were calculated by estimating egg numbers on nine mats, holding mats in separate tanks, and estimating fry numbers 3 d after hatching. Mean hatching success was 22.5%. The number of fry hatched was directly proportional to the number of eggs on a mat. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISH FARMING EXPTL LAB,STUTTGART,AR 72160. RP STONE, N (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,AGR EXPT STN,SJ PARKER AGR RES CTR,PINE BLUFF,AR 71601, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 55 EP 56 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0055:HROGSE>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG666 UT WOS:A1993LG66600011 ER PT J AU KING, CY ZHANG, W KING, BS AF KING, CY ZHANG, W KING, BS TI RADON ANOMALIES ON 3 KINDS OF FAULTS IN CALIFORNIA SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RADON EMANATION; SOIL AIR; ACTIVE FAULTS; FAULT CREEP; FAULT GOUGE; FRACTURES; PERMEABILITY AB Radon emanation is known to be anomalously high along active faults in many parts of the world. We tested this relationship in California during July and early August 1992, using a portable radonmeter to conduct soil-air radon surveys at 5 sites across three kinds of faults: Creeping, locked, and freshly broken. Along a 350-m long survey line across a creeping segment of the San Andreas fault at Nyland Ranch in San Juan Bautista, we found anomalous radon concentrations not in the creep zone itself as determined by a creepmeter, but on the adjacent sides, 10 and 30 meters from the center line of the fault. The anomalous values were 5 times higher than the background values measured farther away from the fault. A similar radon anomaly was observed along a 420-m long survey line across a creeping segment of the Calaveras fault near 7th Street in Hollister. There, the anomalous values were about 6 to 11 times the background values and about 40 and 50 m from the center line of the fault. The double-peaked feature of the anomalies may be indicative of a relatively low gas permeability of the fault-gouge materials in the creeping zones and high permeability of fractured rocks in the adjacent shear zones. Along a 144-m survey line across the currently locked segment of the San Andreas fault at the Earthquake Trail near Olema, the radon concentration was indeed anomalously high in the fault zone, by a factor of two above background values. However, the maximum values (3 to 6 times background) again were recorded about 10 meters from the center line. Three weeks after the magnitude 7.5 Landers earthquake of 28 June 1992, we conducted a survey along a 300-m line across the earthquake fault alongside Encantado Road in the epicenter area. The radon values measured at the two main fault breaks were an order of magnitude higher than the background values. A similar result was found along a 420-m line alongside Reche Road about 1.7 km south of Encantado Road. RP KING, CY (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 1993 VL 141 IS 1 BP 111 EP 124 DI 10.1007/BF00876238 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NJ501 UT WOS:A1993NJ50100008 ER PT J AU CLARK, PU CLAGUE, JJ CURRY, BB DREIMANIS, A HICOCK, SR MILLER, GH BERGER, GW EYLES, N LAMOTHE, M MILLER, BB MOTT, RJ OLDALE, RN STEA, RR SZABO, JP THORLEIFSON, LH VINCENT, JS AF CLARK, PU CLAGUE, JJ CURRY, BB DREIMANIS, A HICOCK, SR MILLER, GH BERGER, GW EYLES, N LAMOTHE, M MILLER, BB MOTT, RJ OLDALE, RN STEA, RR SZABO, JP THORLEIFSON, LH VINCENT, JS TI INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAURENTIDE AND CORDILLERAN ICE SHEETS FOLLOWING THE LAST INTERGLACIATION SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OLD CROW TEPHRA; SOUTHWEST BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HUDSON-BAY LOWLAND; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; LATE PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY; SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND; AMINO-ACID GEOCHRONOLOGY; MISSISSIPPI VALLEY LOESS; THERMO-LUMINESCENCE AGES; ST-PIERRE SEDIMENTS AB Fossil records from sites overridden by or adjacent to the Laurentide Ice Sheet indicate that the climate of the last interglaciation (Oxygen-Isotope Substage 5e, ca. 130-116 ka) was warmer than today. Following the last interglaciation, the Laurentide Ice Sheet first developed during Stage 5 over Keewatin, Quebec and Baffin Island. Along its northern margin, the ice sheet reached its maximum extent of the last glaciation during Stage 5. The ice sheet advanced across Baffin Island onto the continental shelf early during Stage 5 (5d?), whereas the advance into the western Canadian Arctic occurred late during Stage 5 (5b?). The ice sheet also may have advanced into the St Lawrence Lowland during Substage 5b, although this event may be younger (Stage 4). The Hudson Bay lowland became ice-free during Substage 5a. Retreat of the ice sheet on Baffin Island occurred during late Stage 5, probably Substage 5a. The exact timing of retreat from the western Canadian Arctic is unknown, buf it occurred before 48 ka. The southern sector, including the St Lawrence Lowland, was ice-free during late Stage 5. The Hudson Bay lowland may have remained ice free through Stage 4 and much of Stage 3. Because of conflicting chronologies, however, it is more likely that this area was glaciated throughout Stage 3 and perhaps Stage 4. Nevertheless, the data demonstrate that the lowland was ice-free during part of the last glaciation. An independent ice cap developed over the Appalachian Uplands and advanced across Nova Scotia during Stage 4, perhaps as far as the edge of the continental shelf. The ice cap remained active over Nova Scotia as a satellite to the Laurentide Ice Sheet throughout the remainder of the last glaciation. The ice sheet advanced into the St Lawrence Lowland during Stage 4 and subsequently overwhelmed the local ice cap in the Appalachian Uplands, advancing perhaps into northern New England, but not farther south. The Lowland remained covered by the ice sheet until late Stage 2. The ice sheet may also have advanced into the Lake Ontario basin during Stage 4. The position of the northern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during Stage 4 is not known, but it remained an unknown distance behind its maximum position reached during Stage 5. Cores from Baffin Bay indicate a substantial decrease in high-latitude glaciation during Stage 4. Following retreat, the Keewatin sector of the ice sheet may have remained over much of northwestern Canada as a quasi-stable ice mass until it readvanced during Stage 2. Similarly, the Baffin Island sector of the ice sheet may have remained largely intact. The southern margin of the ice sheet may have advanced into the Lake Ontario basin and upper Mississippi Valley during the middle of Stage 3 (ca. 50 ka), reaching its maximum extent of the last glaciation during Stage 2 (ca. 18-21 ka). Advance of the northern margin was younger (ca. 8-13 ka) than that of the southern margin; this advance was less extensive than the penultimate advance (Stage 5). Paleoenvironmental records indicate that the last interglaciation in areas covered by and near the Cordilleran Ice Sheet was as warm as, or warmer than, present. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet appears to have developed during Stage 5 or 4. At that time, it advanced over southern British Columbia and into the northern Puget Lowland. There is no record of this event in northern areas that were later covered by the ice sheet. The ice sheet disappeared before 59 ka, at the beginning of a lengthy nonglacial interval. Paleoenvironmental records indicate that climate was similar to the present during part of this interval. The ice sheet was absent, and glaciers probably were confined to mountain areas, throughout Stage 3. Climatic deterioration marking the end of this nonglacial interval may have begun as early as 29 ka. By 14-15 ka, the ice sheet had achieved its maximum extent of the last glaciation. Because there are few suitable dating methods capable of resolving events beyond the radiocarbon limit and because sites that preserve a record of events from the last glaciation are spatially restricted, we consider this synthesis as tentative and subject to significant revision as dating methods improve. Nevertheless, this perspective of the North American ice sheets through the last glaciation demonstrates their complex and dynamic behavior and attendant rapid fluctuations in ice volume. C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA, VANCOUVER V6B 1R8, BC, CANADA. ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO, DEPT GEOL, LONDON N6A 5B7, ONTARIO, CANADA. UNIV COLORADO, INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES, CTR GEOCHRONOL RES, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT GEOL SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT GEOL, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA. UNIV TORONTO, DEPT GEOL, SCARBOROUGH M1C 1A4, ON, CANADA. UNIV QUEBEC, DEPT SCI TERRE, MONTREAL H3C 3P8, QUEBEC, CANADA. KENT STATE UNIV, DEPT GEOL, KENT, OH 44242 USA. GEOL SURVEY CANADA, OTTAWA K1A 0E8, ONTARIO, CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. DEPT NAT RESOURCES, HALIFAX B3J 2T9, NS, CANADA. UNIV AKRON, DEPT GEOL, AKRON, OH 44325 USA. RP OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT GEOSCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 282 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 79 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(93)90011-A PG 36 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA MA349 UT WOS:A1993MA34900001 ER PT J AU WOOD, AM WHATLEY, RC CRONIN, TM HOLTZ, T AF WOOD, AM WHATLEY, RC CRONIN, TM HOLTZ, T TI PLIOCENE PALEOTEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION FOR THE SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA BASED ON OSTRACODA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; NEOGENE; STRATIGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE; NETHERLANDS; QUATERNARY; EVOLUTION; HISTORY; BASIN AB The development of a large northeastern Atlantic shelf ostracod database has confirmed that an intrinsic relationship exists between watermass temperature and the spatial (latitudinal) distribution of benthonic shelf Ostracoda. A second Pliocene ostracod database, using assemblages from four boreholes in The Netherlands and a number of localities from the East Anglian Neogene succession has also been constructed. A quantitative method of modem analogues and the Squared Chord Distance dissimilarity coefficient has been employed as a means of calculating the level of similarity between Recent and Neogene assemblages and, therefore, to aid in the reconstruction of palaeotemperatures in the southern North Sea Basin during the Pliocene. The results, in the form of contoured dissimilarity values, indicate the presence of at least seven palaeoceanographical climatic phases between ca. 5.2 and 1.6 Ma BP. An early Pliocene cooling phase (ecozone A), in which the fauna is dominated by the cryophilic species; Palmenella limicola (Norman), Elofsonella concinna (Jones), Robertsonites tuberculatus (Sars), Neomonoceratina tsurugasakensis (Tabuki) and Acanthocythereis dunelmensis (Norman), supervenes a period of stable subtropical conditions in the Miocene. A 'mid' Pliocene warming phase (ecozone B), which has been documented throughout the North Atlantic, can be recognized in the faunal composition of the sublittoral ostracod assemblages of both The Netherlands and East Anglia. A hiatus between the Coralline and Waltonian crags is thought to be associated with a deterioration in climatic conditions. Recent analogues to The Netherlands faunas of ecozone C (first phase late Pliocene cooling, ca. 2.9 Ma BP) indicate a decrease of approximately 5-6-degrees-C in mean summer surface temperatures. A return to elevated temperatures, of a Mauritanian aspect, can be seen in the fauna of the FA2 zone and Waltonian Crag. This amelioration of climate occurred prior to the Praetiglian cold phase (second phase late Pliocene cooling, ca. 2.4 Ma BP) which again saw the reintroduction of cryophilic species including Baffinicythere howei Hazel, Fimarchinella logani (Brady, Crosskey and Robertson) and Hemicythere emarginata (Sars), into the southern North Sea during the Newbournian and Butleyan stages. The final phase of the latest Pliocene (third phase late Pliocene cooling) is only documented in the ostracod fauna of the Norwich Crag. Evidence in the covariance of Loxoconchidae and Norwegian provincial cryophilic species, indicates that the Polar Front may have been as much as 2000 km further south during the deposition of the Chillesford Sand Member (Norwich Crag Fm., ca. 2.0-1.6 Ma BP). C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP WOOD, AM (reprint author), UNIV WALES,INST EARTH STUDIES,ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3DB,WALES. NR 100 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PY 1993 VL 12 IS 9 BP 747 EP 767 DI 10.1016/0277-3791(93)90015-E PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NU852 UT WOS:A1993NU85200002 ER PT J AU ROSS, M NOLAN, RP LANGER, AM COOPER, WC AF ROSS, M NOLAN, RP LANGER, AM COOPER, WC TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF MINERAL DUSTS OTHER THAN ASBESTOS SO REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review ID VERMICULITE MINERS; LUNG-CANCER; TREMOLITE ACTINOLITE; METSOVO LUNG; PLEURAL CALCIFICATION; ANATOLIAN VILLAGE; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; MESOTHELIOMA C1 CUNY BROOKLYN COLL, ENVIRONM SCI LAB, BROOKLYN, NY 11210 USA. RP ROSS, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 959, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 158 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1993 VL 28 BP 361 EP 407 PG 47 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA MJ529 UT WOS:A1993MJ52900012 ER PT B AU MCKEON, JF STOLTE, LW AF MCKEON, JF STOLTE, LW BE Mills, D TI USES FOR DOMESTIC ATLANTIC SALMON BROODSTOCK IN THE MERRIMACK RIVER ANADROMOUS FISH PROGRAM SO SALMON IN THE SEA AND NEW ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Atlantic Salmon Symposium CY JUN, 1992 CL ST ANDREWS, CANADA SP ATLANTIC SALMON TRUST, ATLANTIC SALMON FEDERAT, DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS, CANADA RP MCKEON, JF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FED BLDG,ROOM 124,LACONIA,NH, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FISHING NEWS BOOKS LTD PI FARNHAM PA FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 0-85238-199-9 PY 1993 BP 390 EP 401 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BA90C UT WOS:A1993BA90C00022 ER PT J AU NELSON, CH BARAZA, J MALDONADO, A AF NELSON, CH BARAZA, J MALDONADO, A TI MEDITERRANEAN UNDERCURRENT SANDY CONTOURITES, GULF OF CADIZ, SPAIN SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIBRALTAR PLATE BOUNDARY; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; SEA; TECTONICS; MECHANISMS; TURBIDITES; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; VELOCITY; OUTFLOW AB The Pliocene-Quaternary pattern of contourite deposits on the eastern Gulf of Cadiz continental slope results from an interaction between linear diapiric ridges that are perpendicular to slope contours and the Mediterranean undercurrent that has flowed northwestward parallel to the slope contours and down valleys between the ridges since the late Miocene opening of the Strait of Gibraltar. Coincident with the northwestward decrease in undercurrent speeds from the Strait there is the following northwestward gradation of sediment facies associations: (1) upper slope facies, (2) sand dune facies on the upstream mid-slope terrace, (3) large mud wave facies on the lower slope, (4) sediment drift facies banked against the diapiric ridges, and (5) valley facies between the ridges. The southeastern sediment drift facies closest to Gibraltar contains medium-fine sand beds interbedded with mud. The adjacent valley floor facies is composed of gravelly, shelly coarse to medium sand lags and large sand dunes on the valley margins. Compared to this, the northwestern drift contains coarse silt interbeds and the adjacent valley floors exhibit small to medium sand dunes of fine sand. Further northwestward, sediment drift grades to biogenous silt near the Faro Drift at the Portuguese border. Because of the complex pattern of contour-parallel and valley-perpendicular flow paths of the Mediterranean undercurrent, the larger-scale bedforms and coarser-grained sediment of valley facies trend perpendicular to the smaller-scale bedforms and finer-grained contourite deposits of adjacent sediment drift facies. The bottom-current deposits of valleys and the contourites of the Cadiz slope intervalley areas are distinct from turbidite systems. The valley sequences are not aggradational like turbidite channel-levee complexes, but typically exhibit bedrock walls against ridges, extensive scour and fill into adjacent contourites, transverse bedform fields and bioelastic lag deposits. Both valley and contourite deposits exhibit reverse graded bedding and sharp upper bed contacts in coarse-grained layers, low deposition rates, and a regional pattern of bedform zones, textural variation, and compositional gradation. The surface sandy contourite layer of 0.2-1.2 m thickness that covers the Gulf of Cadiz slope has formed during the present Holocene high sea level because high sea level results in maximum water depth over the Gibraltar sill and full development of the Mediterranean undercurrent. The late Pleistocene age of the mud underlying the surface sand sheet correlates with the age of the last sea-level lowstand and apparent weak Mediterranean undercurrent development. Thus, the cyclic deposition of sand or mud layers and contourite or drape sequences appear to be related to late Pliocene and Quaternary sea-level changes and Mediterranean water circulation patterns. Since its Pliocene origin, the contourite sequence has had low deposition rates of < 5 cm/1000 y on the upper slope and < 13 cm/1000 y in the middle slope sediment drift. C1 CIENCIAS MAR,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP NELSON, CH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 95 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 131 PG 29 WC Geology SC Geology GA KM019 UT WOS:A1993KM01900009 ER PT J AU MCCOID, MJ FRITTS, TH AF MCCOID, MJ FRITTS, TH TI SPECULATIONS ON COLONIZING SUCCESS OF THE AFRICAN CLAWED FROG, XENOPUS-LAEVIS (PIPIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Note ID SOUTHWESTERN CAPE PROVINCE; BEHAVIOR AB The African clawed frog has been established in California for over twenty years. During that period, populations have spread to most of the drainage systems in southern California. It is suggested that a suite of contributing factors, including morphological, behavioural, and biochemical predator avoidance strategies, and reproductive and feeding (cannibalism) strategies, have aided in the success of this species in an extralimital situation. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU BUREAU SCIENTIFIC PUBL PI PRETORIA PA P O BOX 1758, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0254-1858 J9 S AFR J ZOOL JI South Afr. J. Zool. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KV889 UT WOS:A1993KV88900011 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JG DWYER, TJ MARTIN, C AF ROGERS, JG DWYER, TJ MARTIN, C BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI PARTNERS IN-FLIGHT - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE - A GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00002 ER PT B AU ROBBINS, CS SAUER, JR PETERJOHN, BG AF ROBBINS, CS SAUER, JR PETERJOHN, BG BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI POPULATION TRENDS AND MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00006 ER PT B AU HUNTER, WC CARTER, MF PASHLEY, DN BARKER, K AF HUNTER, WC CARTER, MF PASHLEY, DN BARKER, K BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI THE PARTNERS IN-FLIGHT SPECIES PRIORITIZATION SCHEME SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 109 EP 119 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00016 ER PT B AU HUNTER, WC PASHLEY, DN ESCANO, REF AF HUNTER, WC PASHLEY, DN ESCANO, REF BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY LANDBIRD SPECIES AND THEIR HABITATS OF SPECIAL CONCERN WITHIN THE SOUTHEAST REGION SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 159 EP 171 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00019 ER PT J AU DROEGE, S AF DROEGE, S BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI MONITORING NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS ON MANAGED LANDS - WHEN, WHERE, WHY SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OMBM,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00021 ER PT J AU SAUER, JR AF SAUER, JR BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI MONITORING GOALS AND PROGRAMS OF THE UNITED-STATES-FISH-AND-WILDLIFE-SERVICE SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00028 ER PT B AU OWSLEY, DE AF OWSLEY, DE BE Wang, JK TI STATUS OF UNITED-STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE HATCHERIES WITH REUSE SYSTEMS IN REGION 1 SO TECHNIQUES FOR MODERN AQUACULTURE SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Aquacultural Engineering Conference - Techniques for Modern Aquaculture CY JUN 21-23, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS, AQUACULTURAL ENGN GRP, WORLD AQUACULTURE SOC, US CHAPTER C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DWORSHAK NATL FISH HATCHERY,AHSAHKA,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-40-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 2 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Fisheries; Water Resources SC Engineering; Fisheries; Water Resources GA BC59K UT WOS:A1993BC59K00029 ER PT B AU KENDALL, C MCDONNELL, JJ AF KENDALL, C MCDONNELL, JJ BE Peters, NE Hoehn, E Leibundgut, C Tase, N Walling, DE TI EFFECT OF INTRASTORM ISOTOPIC HETEROGENEITIES OF RAINFALL, SOIL-WATER, AND GROUNDWATER ON RUNOFF MODELING SO TRACERS IN HYDROLOGY SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tracers in Hydrology CY JUL 21-23, 1993 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP INT COMMISS GROUNDWATER CONTINENTAL EROS & WATER QUAL, INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMM TRACERS, INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB BN 0-947571-68-X J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1993 IS 215 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BB28J UT WOS:A1993BB28J00004 ER PT J AU CARMICHAEL, GJ HANSON, JN SCHMIDT, ME MORIZOT, DC AF CARMICHAEL, GJ HANSON, JN SCHMIDT, ME MORIZOT, DC TI INTROGRESSION AMONG APACHE, CUTTHROAT, AND RAINBOW-TROUT IN ARIZONA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The Apache trout Oncorhynchus apache has become threatened through hybridization with introduced nonnative trouts, among other reasons. We used 10 isozyme locus polymorphisms, which were in the aggregate diagnostic for discrimination of alleles of Apache trout, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki, to assess extent and directionality of interspecific hybridization in 645 individuals from 31 wild populations within the historical range of Apache trout. Only 11 potentially unhybridized populations of Apache trout were found. Rainbow trout introgression was documented in 19 of the 31 populations, including at least two in which all individuals sampled were hybrids. In four of these introgressed populations, hybridization between cutthroat trout and Apache trout was detected; at two of these localities individuals with alleles from all three species were sampled. Apache-cutthroat hybrids were found at one locality where no rainbow trout alleles were sampled. In 19 of the 20 hybridized populations sampled, a trend of backcrossing toward Apache trout was evidenced. No pure rainbow trout or cutthroat trout were found in the population samples. Because of the extensive hybridization present, it was not possible to estimate the genetic variability extant in the Apache trout genome; only one of seven alleles detected exclusively in hybridized populations could be confidently assigned to a species of origin (rainbow trout). Apache trout recovery efforts will be confounded due to the variable conditions among populations with respect to introgression, habitat deterioration, and barriers to rainbow trout immigration. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARIZONA FISHERIES RESOURCES OFF,PINETOP,AZ 85935. GENET ANALYSES INC,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,SCI PK,DIV RES,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. RP CARMICHAEL, GJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DIV FISHERIES,REGION 2,POB 1306,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87103, USA. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 122 IS 1 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0121:IAACAR>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG893 UT WOS:A1993LG89300009 ER PT J AU GOODGAME, LS MIRANDA, LE AF GOODGAME, LS MIRANDA, LE TI EARLY GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF AGE-0 LARGEMOUTH BASS IN RELATION TO PARENTAL SIZE AND SWIM-UP TIME SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREY AVAILABILITY; RECRUITMENT; RINGS AB We investigated the effect of parental body length on the swim-up date and length of larval largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in experimental ponds, and the effect of swim-up date on larval length, growth, and survival in three reservoirs. Swim-up date was estimated from counts of daily growth rings in otoliths. Larvae spawned by larger adults had significantly more daily rings on the same sampling date than larvae of smaller parents, indicating that larger adults spawned earlier. Length of larvae at swim-up was independent of parental length, indicating that larger adults did not produce larger larvae. Positive correlations between larval age and total length indicated that initial length advantages resulting from earlier swim-up dates persisted. Fish that swam up earlier in the year grew faster. Differential survival in relation to time of swim-up could not be detected by midsummer, but differential growth rates might lead to differential survival late in the year. Our results suggest that protecting the larger adult largemouth bass may advance the average time of spawning in a population, thus increasing the length attained by young at the end of their first year and possibly their recruitment to age 1. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MISSISSIPPI COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 40 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 122 IS 1 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0131:EGASOA>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG893 UT WOS:A1993LG89300010 ER PT S AU DAWSON, DK DARR, LJ ROBBINS, CS AF DAWSON, DK DARR, LJ ROBBINS, CS BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI PREDICTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF BREEDING FOREST BIRDS IN A FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00006 ER PT J AU AMEND, SR AF AMEND, SR BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI IMPLEMENTING MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS STRATEGIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FT COLLINS,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00038 ER PT S AU STREETER, RG TOME, MW WEAVER, DK AF STREETER, RG TOME, MW WEAVER, DK BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI NORTH-AMERICAN WATERFOWL MANAGEMENT PLAN - SHOREBIRD BENEFITS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 363 EP 369 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00048 ER PT J AU HUNTER, WC PASHLEY, DN CARTER, MF BARKER, K AF HUNTER, WC PASHLEY, DN CARTER, MF BARKER, K BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI PARTNERS IN-FLIGHT SPECIES PRIORITIZATION SCHEME - WHY DO WE NEED A PRIORITY SCHEME AND HOW IS ONE IMPLEMENTED FOR NEOTROPICAL MIGRANTS AND THEIR HABITATS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 390 EP 397 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00051 ER PT J AU CLARK, J AF CLARK, J BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEMS ROLE IN CONSERVATION OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 408 EP 416 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00053 ER PT J AU DRATCH, PA AF DRATCH, PA BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI GENETIC TESTS AND GAME RANCHING - NO SIMPLE SOLUTIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FORENS LAB,ASHLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 479 EP 486 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00063 ER PT S AU JOHNSON, FA WILLIAMS, BK NICHOLS, JD HINES, JE KENDALL, WL SMITH, GW CAITHAMER, DF AF JOHNSON, FA WILLIAMS, BK NICHOLS, JD HINES, JE KENDALL, WL SMITH, GW CAITHAMER, DF BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI DEVELOPING AN ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR HARVESTING WATERFOWL IN NORTH-AMERICA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 565 EP 583 PG 19 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00071 ER PT J AU CLARK, JR AF CLARK, JR TI ENZYME-INDUCED LEACHING OF B-HORIZON SOILS FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION IN AREAS OF GLACIAL OVERBURDEN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MINING AND METALLURGY SECTION B-APPLIED EARTH SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMICAL-EXPLORATION; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MANGANESE OXIDES; STREAM SEDIMENTS; COATINGS; ONTARIO; IRON; MINNESOTA; DEPOSITS AB A very weak partial leach that is based on an enzyme reaction strongly enhances the contrast of subtle trace-element anomalies in soils that have formed on glacial overburden. In many cases the anomalies cannot be detected with stronger leaching techniques. The products of the enzyme reaction preferentially leach part of the manganese oxide coatings on mineral grains without attacking their matrix. Glucose oxidase reacts with dextrose, oxygen and water to produce trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid. Dilute hydrogen peroxide reduces and dissolves the more reactive forms of manganese oxide (primarily, amorphous manganese dioxide), releasing trace elements trapped in the coatings. Gluconic acid complexes the metals and holds them in solution. Once the products of the enzyme reaction are no longer being consumed the reaction slows. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide probably never exceeds 40 mug/cm3, and sufficient gluconic acid is produced to complex the metals that are solubilized by the process. This self-limiting characteristic of the enzyme reaction minimizes the leaching of mineral substrates and is responsible for the enhanced contrast of trace-element anomalies. The concentrations of most trace elements in the resulting solutions are in the parts per trillion to low ppb range. Consequently, instrumental analytical techniques that have very low detection limits, such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are required for many trace-element determinations. Pilot studies were conducted in northern Minnesota, U.S.A., in which A- and B-horizon soils, aspen and willow stems and soil-gas samples were collected and analysed. The analyses of B-horizon soils produced more consistent data than those of A-horizon soils and B-horizon soils were found to be a more practical sample medium than vegetation or soil gases. Enzyme-leach data from B-horizon soils show greater anomaly contrasts for many trace elements than data from stronger leaching techniques that were tested. In many instances the source for an anomaly seems to be either basal till or bedrock. Groundwater flow is probably the most important mechanism for transporting metals towards the surface, although ionic diffusion, electrochemical gradients, vapour transport of volatile phases and capillary action may play a role in the dispersal of elements to produce anomalies. It appears that a complex interaction between groundwater, vegetation and soil produces high-contrast B-horizon soil anomalies. The enzyme leach has been used in a U.S. Geological Survey regional mineral assessment programme in northern Minnesota. In that area crystalline Archaean basement is covered by two basal tills, which were deposited by ice advances from two different directions, and by lake sediments that were deposited in Glacial Lake Agassiz. Analyses of B-horizon soil samples collected throughout the region revealed Co, Tl and Ag anomalies that are apparently related to basement structures. The anomalies suggest the presence of a previously unsuspected Proterozoic vein-Ag district that is similar to those at Thunder Bay and Cobalt, Ontario, Canada. Anomalies of Ag, Bi, Te and W, which are spatially associated with known quartz-chlorite-carbonate-altered shear zones buried beneath the transported overburden, are interpreted as indicating a potential for lode-Au deposits. RP CLARK, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,GEOCHEM BRANCH,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 58 TC 19 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU INST MINING METALLURGY PI LONDON PA 44 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4BR SN 0371-7453 J9 T I MIN METALL B JI Tran. Inst. Min. Metall. Sect. B-App. Earth Sci. PD JAN-APR PY 1993 VL 102 BP B19 EP B29 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KZ039 UT WOS:A1993KZ03900004 ER PT B AU Lovley, DR AF Lovley, DR BE Guerrero, R PedrosAlio, C TI Dissimilatory reduction of iron and uranium SO TRENDS IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ISME-6) CY SEP 06-11, 1992 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Comm Microbial Ecol, Spanish Soc Microbiol, Catalan Soc Biol, UNESCO, UNEP, IUMS, FEMS DE iron; uranium; sediments; organic matter; bioremediation C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPANISH SOCIETY MICROBIOLOGY PI BARCELONA PA APARTADO 16009, E-08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 84-604-7996-X PY 1993 BP 71 EP 74 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA BE61G UT WOS:A1993BE61G00017 ER PT S AU FOURNIER, RO PISTO, LM HOWELL, BB HUTCHINSON, RA AF FOURNIER, RO PISTO, LM HOWELL, BB HUTCHINSON, RA GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI TAMING A WILD GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH WELL IN YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 33 EP 36 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00005 ER PT S AU BARGAR, KE AF BARGAR, KE GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI FLUID-INCLUSION EVIDENCE FOR PREVIOUS HIGHER TEMPERATURES IN THE SUNEDCO-58-28 DRILL HOLE NEAR BREITENBUSH HOT-SPRINGS, OREGON SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00012 ER PT S AU DELANEY, PT DUFFIELD, WA SASS, JH KAUAHIKAUA, JP AF DELANEY, PT DUFFIELD, WA SASS, JH KAUAHIKAUA, JP GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI THERMAL BUDGET OF THE LOWER EAST RIFT-ZONE, KILAUEA VOLCANO SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 101 EP 103 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00015 ER PT S AU JULIAN, BR PRISK, A FOULGER, GR EVANS, JR AF JULIAN, BR PRISK, A FOULGER, GR EVANS, JR GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI 3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS - LOCAL EARTHQUAKE P-WAVE VELOCITY TOMOGRAPHY AT THE HENGILL AND KRAFLA GEOTHERMAL AREAS, ICELAND, AND THE GEYSERS, CALIFORNIA SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00016 ER PT S AU JULIAN, BR MILLER, AD FOULGER, GR AF JULIAN, BR MILLER, AD FOULGER, GR GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI NON-SHEAR FOCAL MECHANISMS OF EARTHQUAKES AT THE GEYSERS, CALIFORNIA, AND HENGILL, ICELAND, GEOTHERMAL AREAS SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00017 ER PT S AU KAUAHIKAUA, J MOORE, RB AF KAUAHIKAUA, J MOORE, RB GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF KILAUEA VOLCANO AND ITS RELATION TO HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS AND GEOTHERMAL-ENERGY SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00018 ER PT S AU NATHENSON, M TILLING, RI AF NATHENSON, M TILLING, RI GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI CONDUCTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER FROM AN ISOTHERMAL MAGMA CHAMBER AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MEASURED HEAT-FLOW DISTRIBUTION FROM MOUNT HOOD, OREGON SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00020 ER PT S AU SCHOLL, MA JANIK, CJ INGEBRITSEN, SE KAUAHIKAUA, JP TRUSDELL, FA AF SCHOLL, MA JANIK, CJ INGEBRITSEN, SE KAUAHIKAUA, JP TRUSDELL, FA GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS FROM AN ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY STUDY OF THE KILAUEA VOLCANO AREA, HAWAII SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00027 ER PT S AU BLAKELY, RJ STANLEY, WD AF BLAKELY, RJ STANLEY, WD GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI THE GEYSERS MAGMA CHAMBER, CALIFORNIA - CONSTRAINTS FROM GRAVITY-DATA, DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS, AND WELL INFORMATION SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00033 ER PT S AU STANLEY, WD BLAKELY, RJ AF STANLEY, WD BLAKELY, RJ GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI NEW GEOPHYSICAL MODELS RELATED TO HEAT-SOURCES IN THE GEYSERS-CLEAR LAKE REGION, CALIFORNIA SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00038 ER PT S AU WILLIAMS, CF GALANIS, SP MOSES, TH GRUBB, FV AF WILLIAMS, CF GALANIS, SP MOSES, TH GRUBB, FV GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI HEAT-FLOW STUDIES IN THE NORTHWEST GEYSERS GEOTHERMAL-FIELD, CALIFORNIA SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00040 ER PT S AU SASS, JH GUFFANTI, M AF SASS, JH GUFFANTI, M GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI CONSTRAINTS ON THE HOT-DRY-ROCK RESOURCES OF THE UNITED-STATES SO UTILITIES AND GEOTHERMAL: AN EMERGING PARTNERSHIP SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal Resources Council 1993 Annual Meeting CY OCT 10-13, 1993 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-71-5 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1993 VL 17 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BZ53U UT WOS:A1993BZ53U00048 ER PT J AU LIPSCOMB, TP HARRIS, RK MOELLER, RB PLETCHER, JM HAEBLER, RJ BALLACHEY, BE AF LIPSCOMB, TP HARRIS, RK MOELLER, RB PLETCHER, JM HAEBLER, RJ BALLACHEY, BE TI HISTOPATHOLOGIC LESIONS IN SEA OTTERS EXPOSED TO CRUDE-OIL SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRUDE OIL; EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL; INTERSTITIAL PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA; PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON; SEA OTTERS ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CONTAMINATION AB Following the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters (Enhydra lutris) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body-heavily contaminated; oil covering 30-60% of the body-moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light sheen on fur-lightly contaminated. If there was no oil visible, otters were considered uncontaminated. Tissues from 51 oil-contaminated sea otters (14 males, 37 females) and from six uncontaminated sea otters (three males, three females) that died in rehabilitation centers were examined histologically. Among oil-contaminated sea otters, 19/46 had interstitial pulmonary emphysema, 13/40 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage, 11/47 had centrilobular hepatic necrosis, 14/47 had periportal to diffuse hepatic lipidosis, and 10/42 had renal tubular lipidosis. Of the uncontaminated sea otters, 1/6 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage and 1/6 had diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Histologic examinations were performed on tissues from five sea otters (three males, two females) found dead with external oil present 15 to 16 days after the spill. Periportal hepatic lipidosis and renal tubular lipidosis were found in 3/5, and interstitial pulmonary emphysema was found in 1/5. Tissues from six apparently normal sea otters (four males, two females) collected from an area not affected by an oil spill were examined histologically, and none of these lesions were found. We conclude that interstitial pulmonary emphysema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and hepatic and renal lipidosis of sea otters were associated with exposure to crude oil. Gastric erosion and hemorrhage may have been associated with stress of captivity and/or oil exposure. C1 US EPA,ECOSYST BRANCH,NARRAGANSETT,RI. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP LIPSCOMB, TP (reprint author), ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA KJ715 UT WOS:A1993KJ71500001 PM 8442322 ER PT S AU LITTLE, EE FAIRCHILD, JF DELONAY, AJ AF LITTLE, EE FAIRCHILD, JF DELONAY, AJ BE Fuiman, LA TI BEHAVIORAL-METHODS FOR ASSESSING IMPACTS OF CONTAMINANTS ON EARLY-LIFE STAGE FISHES SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 67 EP 76 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00007 ER PT S AU FAIRCHILD, JF LITTLE, EE AF FAIRCHILD, JF LITTLE, EE BE Fuiman, LA TI USE OF MESOCOSM STUDIES TO EXAMINE DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACTS OF WATER-QUALITY ON EARLY-LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SO WATER QUALITY AND THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF FISHES SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Larval Fish Conference on Environmental Quality and the Early Life Stages of Fishes CY JUN 16-20, 1992 CL KINGSTON, RI SP UNIV RHODE ISLAND C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-86-5 J9 AM FISH S S PY 1993 VL 14 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BZ63H UT WOS:A1993BZ63H00010 ER PT J AU HALL, DW RISSER, DW AF HALL, DW RISSER, DW TI EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON NITROGEN FATE AND TRANSPORT IN LANCASTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL HYDROLOGY; GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; NITROGEN; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; PENNSYLVANIA; WATER QUALITY ID ENVIRONMENT; FARM AB Nitrogen inputs to, and outputs from, a 55-acre site in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, were estimated to determine the pathways and relative magnitude of loads of nitrogen entering and leaving the site, and to compare the loads of nitrogen before and after the implementation of nutrient management. Inputs of nitrogen to the site were manure fertilizer, commercial fertilizer, nitrogen in precipitation, and nitrogen in ground-water inflow; and these sources averaged 93, 4, 2, and 1 percent of average annual nitrogen additions, respectively. Outputs of nitrogen from the site were nitrogen in harvested crops, loads of nitrogen in surface runoff, volatilization of nitrogen, and loads of nitrogen in ground-water discharge, which averaged 37, less than 1, 25, and 38 percent of average annual nitrogen removals from the site, respectively. Virtually all of the nitrogen leaving the site that was not removed in harvested crops or by volatilization was discharged in the ground water. Applications of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to 47.5 acres of cropped fields decreased about 33 percent, from an average of 22,700 pounds per year (480 pounds per acre per year) before nutrient management to 15,175 pounds of nitrogen per year (320 pounds per acre per year) after the implementation of nutrient management practices. Nitrogen loads in ground-water discharged from the site decreased about 30 percent, from an average of 292 pounds of nitrogen per million gallons of ground water before nutrient management to an average of 203 pounds of nitrogen per million gallons as a result of the decreased manure and commercial fertilizer applications. Reductions in manure and commercial fertilizer applications caused a reduction of approximately 11,000 pounds (3,760 pounds per year; 70 pounds per acre per year) in the load of nitrogen discharged in ground water from the 55-acre site during the three-year period 1987-1990. RP HALL, DW (reprint author), USDI,US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,840 MARKET ST,LEMOYNE,PA 17043, USA. NR 58 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 55 EP 76 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LM536 UT WOS:A1993LM53600006 ER PT J AU COOLEY, RL AF COOLEY, RL TI EXACT SCHEFFE-TYPE CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS FOR OUTPUT FROM GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODELS .1. USE OF HYDROGEOLOGIC INFORMATION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR CONFIDENCE; ACCURACY AB A new method is developed to efficiently compute exact Scheffe-type confidence intervals for output (or other function of parameters) g(beta) derived from a groundwater flow model. The method is general in that parameter uncertainty can be specified by any statistical distribution having a log probability density function (log pdf) that can be expanded in a Taylor series. However, for this study parameter uncertainty is specified by a statistical multivariate beta distribution that incorporates hydrogeologic information in the form of the investigator's best estimates of parameters and a grouping of random variables representing possible parameter values so that each group is defined by maximum and minimum bounds and an ordering according to increasing value. The new method forms the confidence intervals from maximum and minimum limits of g(beta) on a contour of a linear combination of (1) the quadratic form for the parameters used by Cooley and Vecchia (1987) and (2) the log pdf for the multivariate beta distribution. Three example problems are used to compare characteristics of the confidence intervals for hydraulic head obtained using different weights for the linear combination. Different weights generally produced similar confidence intervals, whereas the method of Cooley and Vecchia (1987) often produced much larger confidence intervals. RP COOLEY, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 17 EP 33 DI 10.1029/92WR01863 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KG914 UT WOS:A1993KG91400002 ER PT J AU COOLEY, RL AF COOLEY, RL TI EXACT SCHEFFE-TYPE CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS FOR OUTPUT FROM GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODELS .2. COMBINED USE OF HYDROGEOLOGIC INFORMATION AND CALIBRATION DATA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION INTERVALS; PARAMETERS; LIKELIHOOD AB Calibration data (observed values corresponding to model-computed values of dependent variables) are incorporated into a general method of computing exact Scheffe-type confidence intervals analogous to the confidence intervals developed in part 1 (Cooley, this issue) for a function of parameters derived from a groundwater flow model. Parameter uncertainty is specified by a distribution of parameters conditioned on the calibration data. This distribution was obtained as a posterior distribution by applying Bayes' theorem to the hydrogeologically derived prior distribution of parameters from part 1 and a distribution of differences between the calibration data and corresponding model-computed dependent variables. Tests show that the new confidence intervals can be much smaller than the intervals of part 1 because the prior parameter variance-covariance structure is altered so that combinations of parameters that give poor model fit to the data are unlikely. The confidence intervals of part 1 and the new confidence intervals can be effectively employed in a sequential method of model construction whereby new information is used to reduce confidence interval widths at each stage. RP COOLEY, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1029/92WR01864 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KG914 UT WOS:A1993KG91400003 ER PT J AU HARVEY, JW BENCALA, KE AF HARVEY, JW BENCALA, KE TI THE EFFECT OF STREAMBED TOPOGRAPHY ON SURFACE-SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE IN MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; SANTA-CLARA COUNTY; COBBLE-BED STREAM; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; SOIL-WATER; UVAS CREEK; CALIFORNIA; STRONTIUM; POTASSIUM; SEDIMENT AB A numerical hydrological simulation suggested that water exchange between stream channels and adjacent aquifers is enhanced by convexities and concavities in streambed topography. At St. Kevin Gulch, an effluent stream in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, subsurface hydraulic gradients and movement of ionic tracers indicated that stream water was locally recharged into well-defined flow paths through the alluvium. Stream water-filled flow paths in the alluvium (referred to as substream flow paths) returned to the stream a short distance downstream (1 to 10 m). Recharge to the substream flow paths occurred where stream water slope increased, at the transition from pools (<1%) to steeper channel units (5-20%). Return of substream flow paths to the stream occurred where stream water slope decreased, at the transition from steeper channel units to pools. A net water flux calculation is typically used to characterize water and solute fluxes between surface and subsurface zones of catchments. Along our study reach at St. Kevin Gulch the net inflow of water from subsurface to stream (1.6 mL s-1 m-1) underestimated the gross inflow (2.7 mL s-1 m-1) by 40%. The influence of streambed topography is to enhance hydrological fluxes between stream water and subsurface zones and to prolong water-sediment contact times; these effects could have important consequences for solute transport, retention. and transformation in catchments. RP HARVEY, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 38 TC 404 Z9 420 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1029/92WR01960 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KG914 UT WOS:A1993KG91400006 ER PT J AU BANNERMAN, RT OWENS, DW DODDS, RB HORNEWER, NJ AF BANNERMAN, RT OWENS, DW DODDS, RB HORNEWER, NJ TI SOURCES OF POLLUTANTS IN WISCONSIN STORMWATER SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE URBAN RUNOFF; STORMWATER CONTAMINANTS; STREET RUNOFF; PARKING-LOT RUNOFF; LAWN RUNOFF; URBAN STORM-WATER MODELING; URBAN CONTAMINANT LOADS; BEST-MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AB Rainfall runoff samples were collected from streets, parking lots, roofs, driveways, and lawns. These five source areas are located in residential, commercial, and industrial land uses in Madison, Wisconsin. Solids, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads were determined for all the source areas using measured concentrations and runoff volumes estimated by the Source Load and Management Model. Source areas with relatively large contaminant loads were identified as critical source areas for each land use. Streets are critical source areas for most contaminants in all the land uses. Parking lots are critical in the commercial and industrial land uses. Lawns and driveways contribute large phosphorus loads in the residential land use. Roofs produce significant zinc loads in the commercial and industrial land uses. Identification of critical source areas could reduce the amount of area needing best-management practices in two arm of Madison, Wisconsin. Targeting best-management practices to 14% of the residential area and 40% of the industrial area could significantly reduce contaminant loads by up to 75%. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53719. RP BANNERMAN, RT (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,101 S WEBSTER,MADISON,WI 53707, USA. NR 11 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 241 EP 259 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800030 ER PT J AU WALKER, JF GRACZYK, DJ AF WALKER, JF GRACZYK, DJ TI PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF BEST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES IN THE BLACK EARTH CREEK, WISCONSIN, PRIORITY WATERSHED SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE NONPOINT POLLUTION SOURCES; WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT; STATISTICAL METHODS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; STORM RUNOFF; SURFACE WATER; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEDIMENT EROSION; EROSION CONTROL; NUTRIENTS AB Nonpoint-source contamination accounts for a substantial part of the water quality problems in many watersheds. The Wisconsin Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Abatement Program provides matching money for voluntary implementation of various best management practices (BMPs). The effectiveness of BMP s on a drainage-basin scale has not been adequately assessed in Wisconsin by use of data collected before and after BMP implementation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, monitored water quality in the Black Earth Creek watershed in southern Wisconsin from October 1984 through September 1986 (pre-BMP conditions). BMP implementation began during the summer of 1989 and is planned to continue through 1993. Data collection resumed in fall 1989 and is intended to provide information during the transitional period of BMP implementation (1990-93) and 2 years of post-BMP conditions (1994-95). Preliminary results presented for two subbasins in the Black Earth Creek watershed (Brewery and Garfoot Creeks) are based on data collected during pre-BMP conditions and the first 3 years of the transitional period. The analysis includes the use of regressions to control for natural variability in the data and, hence, enhance the ability to detect changes. Data collected to date (1992) indicate statistically significant differences in storm mass transport of suspended sediment and ammonia nitrogen at Brewery Creek. The central tendency of the regression residuals has decreased with the implementation of BMPs; hence, the improvement in water quality in the Brewery Creek watershed is likely a result of BMP implementation. Differences in storm mass transport at Garfoot Creek were not detected, primarily because of an insufficient number of storms in the transitional period. As practice implementation continues, the additional data will be used to determine the level of management which results in significant improvements in water quality in the two watersheds. Future research will address techniques for including snowmelt runoff and early spring storms. RP WALKER, JF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,6417 NORMANDY LANE,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 539 EP 548 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800061 ER PT J AU COUPE, RH HENEBRY, MS BRANHAM, MR AF COUPE, RH HENEBRY, MS BRANHAM, MR TI ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ON AQUATIC LIFE IN THE SANGAMON RIVER NEAR MONTICELLO, ILLINOIS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE PESTICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; AQUATIC LIFE ID TOXICITY AB Stream-water samples collected from a midwest stream, following a thunderstorm during May 1991 were toxic to water fleas (Ceriodaphnia dubia), but not fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), or a bacterium (Photobacterium phosphoreum) or green alp (Selenastrum capricornutum). It was unlikely that the toxicity to the water fleas was caused by herbicides, but it may have been caused by insecticides. C1 ILLINOIS ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62794. RP COUPE, RH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,102 E MAIN ST,4TH FLOOR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 569 EP 573 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800064 ER PT J AU GREB, SR GRACZYK, DJ AF GREB, SR GRACZYK, DJ TI DISSOLVED-OXYGEN CHARACTERISTICS OF WISCONSIN STREAMS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE DISSOLVED OXYGEN; CONTINUOUS MONITORING; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION AB Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was continously monitored at nine rural stream sites throughout Wisconsin. Both cold and warmwater sites had similar mean annual mean DO concentrations. DO minima were due to nighttime respiration and storm runoff with the storm losses being the most severe. A majority of DO standard violations (<5.0 mg/l) took place when daily mean water temperatures were above 20-degrees-C. Violations were more frequent at warmwater sites, even though coldwater sites were generally found to be more undersaturated. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719. RP GREB, SR (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,3911 FISH HATCHERY RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 575 EP 581 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800065 ER PT J AU SCOTT, JM DAVIS, F CSUTI, B NOSS, R BUTTERFIELD, B GROVES, C ANDERSON, H CAICCO, S DERCHIA, F EDWARDS, TC ULLIMAN, J WRIGHT, RG AF SCOTT, JM DAVIS, F CSUTI, B NOSS, R BUTTERFIELD, B GROVES, C ANDERSON, H CAICCO, S DERCHIA, F EDWARDS, TC ULLIMAN, J WRIGHT, RG TI GAP ANALYSIS - A GEOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO PROTECTION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; FOREST; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY AB The conventional approach to maintaining biological diversity generally has been to proceed species by species and threat by threat. We suggest that piecemeal approaches are not adequate by themselves to address the accelerating extinction crisis and, furthermore, they contribute to an unpredictable ecological and economic environment. Here, we describe a methodology called Gap Analysis, which identifies the gaps in representation of biological diversity (biodiversity) in areas managed exclusively or primarily for the long-term maintenance of populations of native species and natural ecosystems (hereinafter referred to as biodiversity management areas). Once identified, gaps are filled through new reserve acquisitions or designations, or through changes in management practices. The goal is to ensure that all ecosystems and areas rich in species diversity are represented adequately in biodiversity management areas. We believe this proactive strategy will eliminate the need to list many species as threatened or endangered in the future. Gap Analysis uses vegetation types and vertebrate and butterfly species (and/or other taxa, such as vascular plants, if adequate distributional data are available) as indicators of biodiversity. Maps of existing vegetation are prepared from satellite imagery (LANDSAT) and other sources and entered into a geographic information system (GIS). Because entire states or regions are mapped, the smallest area identified on vegetation maps is 100 ha. Vegetation maps are verified through field checks and examination of aerial photographs. Predicted species distributions are based on existing range maps and other distributional data, combined with information on the habitat affinities of each species. Distribution maps for individual species are overlaid in the GIS to produce maps of species richness, which can be created for any group of species of biological or political interest. An additional GIS layer of land ownership and management status allows identification of gaps in the representation of vegetation types and centers of species richness in biodiversity management areas through a comparison of the vegetation and species richness maps with ownership and management status maps. Underrepresented plant communities (e.g., present on only 1 or 2 biodiversity management areas or with a small total acreage primarily managed for biodiversity) also can be identified in this manner. Realization of the full potential of Gap Analysis requires regionalization of state data bases and use of the data in resource management and planning. Gap Analysis is a powerful and efficient first step toward setting land management priorities. It provides focus, direction, and accountability for conservation efforts. Areas identified as important through Gap Analysis can then be examined more closely for their biological qualities and management needs. As a coarse-filter approach to conservation evaluation, Gap Analysis is not a panacea. Limitations related to minimum mapping unit size (where small habitat patches are missed), failure to distinguish among most seral stages, failure to indicate gradual ecotones, and other factors must be recognized so that Gap Analysis can be supplemented by more intensive inventories. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOG,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. IDAHO CONSERVAT DATA CTR,BOISE,ID 83707. IDAHO DEPT WATER RESOURCES,BOISE,ID 83720. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ONALASKA,WI 54650. UTAH STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,UTAH COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LOGAN,UT 84322. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,NATL PK SERV,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP SCOTT, JM (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,IDAHO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Davis, Frank/B-7010-2009 OI Davis, Frank/0000-0002-4643-5718 NR 95 TC 424 Z9 440 U1 13 U2 120 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JAN PY 1993 IS 123 BP 1 EP 41 PG 41 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA KH009 UT WOS:A1993KH00900001 ER PT J AU FRITTS, TH AF FRITTS, TH TI THE COMMON WOLF SNAKE, LYCODON-AULICUS-CAPUCINUS, A RECENT COLONIST OF CHRISTMAS ISLAND IN THE INDIAN-OCEAN SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The discovery of the common wolf snake, Lycodon aulicus capucinus, on Christmas 1. in the Indian Ocean suggests that individuals of the species have colonised the island recently. On the basis of biological information for this widespread colubrid snake and for the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, a well-documented pest species on Guam, the establishment of the common wolf snake would pose a severe threat to the native fauna and ecology of Christmas 1. Immediate research is needed to document the spread of the snake, to evaluate its effects on other fauna, and to control or eradicate the species before it becomes firmly established. RP FRITTS, TH (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BIOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1071/WR9930261 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LF570 UT WOS:A1993LF57000013 ER PT J AU VANDERHILST, RD ENGDAHL, ER AF VANDERHILST, RD ENGDAHL, ER TI STEP-WISE RELOCATION OF ISC EARTHQUAKE HYPOCENTERS FOR LINEARIZED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF SLAB STRUCTURE SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON LATERAL HETEROGENEITY AND EARTHQUAKE LOCATION, AT THE 20TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS CY AUG 11-24, 1991 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERION, INT UNION GEODESY & GEOPHY, INT LITHOSPHERE PROGR ID NORTHEASTERN JAPAN ARC; WAVE TRAVEL TIME; LOWER MANTLE BENEATH; DEEP SEISMIC ZONE; SUBDUCTED LITHOSPHERE; ISLAND ARCS; NORTHWEST PACIFIC; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; LEAST-SQUARES; PENETRATION AB A vast volume of seismic phase data, computed from routinely determined hypocenter locations, is presently available for seismic imaging techniques such as tomographic inversion and residual sphere analysis. Routinely reported earthquake hypocenters, however, can be in error by several tens of kilometers. These biases in hypocenter location can result in the misidentification of seismic phases and the loss of structural signal in the seismic phase data. Thus, the value of these data in constraining seismic images is significantly reduced. Furthermore, hypocenter mislocations degrade the linearization of the tomographic problem and map into the images produced by tomographic inversion. To obtain adequate reference hypocenters for linearized inversion, we used iasp91 software and reported arrival times to reprocess ISC hypocenters and phase data for northwest Pacific earthquakes. Subsequently, we inverted P- and pP-wave residuals for Earth structure and source (mis)location. We describe this step-wise relocation of ISC hypocenters, which underlies the linearization of the tomographic inversion, and compare the relocation vectors before and after inversion. The hypocenter relocations determined prior to inversion are of the order of 10 km, which is significant with regard to both the estimated standard errors and the effect on travel-time residuals, and systematic with regard to earthquake position in the subducted slab. In contrast, the spatial components of the relocation vectors determined upon inversion of P and pP residuals are up to an order of magnitude smaller, do not reveal a correlation with location in the seismic zone, and do not generally exceed the noise level. The incorporation of pP data in the relocation was essential to remove the depth bias prior to inversion, to retrieve slab signal that might have been absorbed in mislocation, and to constrain the focal depth upon seismic inversion. Non-linear inversion schemes will not be efficient in removing the depth bias or in retrieving lost slab signal unless seismic phases that contain additional information about the depth bias, like the depth phase pP, are used. C1 UNIV LEEDS,DEPT EARTH SCI,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. USGS,NATL EARTHQUAKE INFORMAT CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD DEC 31 PY 1992 VL 75 IS 1-3 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1016/0031-9201(92)90116-D PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KH833 UT WOS:A1992KH83300005 ER PT J AU DURHAM, WB KIRBY, SH STERN, LA AF DURHAM, WB KIRBY, SH STERN, LA TI EFFECTS OF DISPERSED PARTICULATES ON THE RHEOLOGY OF WATER ICE AT PLANETARY CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GANYMEDE; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; RELAXATION; EVOLUTION; CALLISTO; FELDSPAR; CREEP; FLOW AB We have investigated the effects of initial grain size and hard particulate impurities on the transient and steady state flow of water ice I at laboratory conditions selected to provide more quantitative constraints on the thermomechanical evolution of the giant icy moons of the outer solar system. Our samples were molded with particulate volume fractions, phi, of 0.001 to 0.56 and particle sizes of 1 to 150 mum. Deformation experiments were conducted at constant shortening rates of 4.4 x 10(-7) to 4.9 X 10-(4) s-1 at pressures of 50 and 100 MPa and temperatures 77 to 223 K. For the pure ice samples, initial grain sizes were 0.2-0.6 mm, 0.75-1.75 mm, and 1.25-2.5 mm. Stress-strain curves of pure ice I under these conditions display a strength maximum sigma(u) at plastic strains epsilon less-than-or-equal-to 0.01 after initial yield, followed by strain softening and achievement of steady state levels of stress, sigma(ss) at epsilon = 0.1 to 0.2. Finer starting grain size in pure ice generally raises the level of sigma(u). Petrography indicates that the initial transient flow behavior is associated with the nucleation and growth of recrystallized ice grains and the approach to sigma(ss) evidently corresponds to the development of a steady state grain texture. Effects of particulate concentrations phi < 0.1 are slight. At these concentrations, a small but significant reduction in sigma(u) with respect to that for pure water ice occurs. Mixed-phase ice with phi greater-than-or-equal-to 0.1 is significantly stronger than pure ice; the strength of samples with phi = 0.56 approaches that of dry confined sand. The magnitude of the strengthening effect is far greater than expected from homogeneous strain-rate enhancement in the ice fraction or from pinning of dislocations (Orowan hardening). This result suggests viscous drag occurs in the ice as it flows around the hard particulates. Mixed-phase ice is also tougher than pure ice, extending the range of bulk plastic deformation versus faulting to lower temperatures and higher strain rates. The high-pressure phase ice II formed in phi = 0.56 mixed-phase ice during deformation at high stresses. Bulk planetary compositions of ice + rock (phi = 0.4-0.5) are roughly 2 orders of magnitude more viscous than pure ice, promoting the likelihood of thermal instability inside giant icy moons and possibly explaining the retention of crater topography on icy planetary surfaces. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 34 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 1992 VL 97 IS E12 BP 20883 EP 20897 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KU057 UT WOS:A1992KU05700003 ER PT J AU EITTREIM, SL RAGOZIN, N GNIBIDENKO, HS HELSLEY, CE AF EITTREIM, SL RAGOZIN, N GNIBIDENKO, HS HELSLEY, CE TI CRUSTAL AGE BETWEEN THE CLIPPERTON AND CLARION FRACTURE-ZONES SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; PACIFIC AB Magnetic anomalies of 52-80 Ma age have been mapped in the equatorial Pacific in a region where they were previously unrecognized. These anomalies, now at 7-degrees-N are best modeled with crustal rocks of negative inclination, apparently because the crust was formed at a spreading ridge that was south of the magnetic equator in Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary time. Magnetic anomalies recorded along a 5900-km trackline that follows a flowline of crustal generation show one long period, from 12 to 31 Ma, of apparent constant half-spreading rate over the 0 to 80 Ma represented. C1 YUZHNO SAKHALINSK MARINE GEOL & GEOPHYS INST,YUZHNO SAKHALINSK 693002,RUSSIA. UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP EITTREIM, SL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 24 BP 2365 EP 2368 DI 10.1029/92GL02928 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KG677 UT WOS:A1992KG67700002 ER PT J AU DONNELLY, MA MCDIARMID, RW MYERS, CW AF DONNELLY, MA MCDIARMID, RW MYERS, CW TI A NEW LIZARD OF THE GENUS ARTHROSAURA (TEIIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN VENEZUELA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Arthrosaura synaptolepis, new species, is a microteiid lizard from highland localities (1200-1450 m) on Cerro de la Neblina and Pico Tamacuari in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil. It differs from all other Arthrosaura in lacking prefrontal scales and in having two (vs. three) pairs of genials. These diagnostic characters seem to have arisen from fusions of a more primitive set of head plates. Other morphological characters and their distributions on the Guayana Highlands suggest that Arthrosaura synaptolepis may be the sister species of A. tyleri. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,BIOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP DONNELLY, MA (reprint author), AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT HERPETOL & ICHTHYOL,NEW YORK,NY 10024, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 18 PY 1992 VL 105 IS 4 BP 821 EP 833 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KD795 UT WOS:A1992KD79500018 ER PT J AU LARA, M BOGAN, MA CERQUEIRA, R AF LARA, M BOGAN, MA CERQUEIRA, R TI SEX AND AGE COMPONENTS OF VARIATION IN PROECHIMYS-CUVIERI (RODENTIA, ECHIMYIDAE) FROM NORTHERN BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID NON-GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AB We examined non-geographic variation in 145 specimens of Proechimys cuvieri from northern Brazil and identified the proportion of total variation in seven external and 18 cranial measurements that was accounted for by differences in sex, and among ten age classes. The percent contribution of age to total variance was 16.6% for adults, 50.5% for juveniles, and 68.6% for all individuals combined. The contribution of variation due to sex was greater for adult age classes than for juveniles or for all individuals. Among adults, individual variation is great and may complicate analysis of geographic variation in this species. Males average larger than females, but not significantly so in most age classes and sexual dimorphism is marked in only one adult age class. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,CCS,INST BIOL,DEPT ECOL,BR-20000 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RI Cerqueira, Rui/E-5321-2011 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 18 PY 1992 VL 105 IS 4 BP 882 EP 893 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KD795 UT WOS:A1992KD79500022 ER PT J AU HARDEN, JW SUNDQUIST, ET STALLARD, RF MARK, RK AF HARDEN, JW SUNDQUIST, ET STALLARD, RF MARK, RK TI DYNAMICS OF SOIL CARBON DURING DEGLACIATION OF THE LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CO2; CHRONOSEQUENCE; STORAGE AB Deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America was accompanied by sequestration of organic carbon in newly exposed soils. The greatest rate of land exposure occurred around 12,000 to 8,000 years ago, and the greatest increase in the rate of carbon sequestration by soils occurred from 8,000 to 4,000 years ago. Sequestration of carbon in deglaciated peat lands continues today, and a steady state has not been reached. The natural rate of carbon sequestration in soils, however, is small relative to the rate of anthropogenic carbon dioxide production. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP HARDEN, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 35 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 18 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5090 BP 1921 EP 1924 DI 10.1126/science.258.5090.1921 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KD088 UT WOS:A1992KD08800026 PM 17836185 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, DS FROST, TP GLAZNER, AF AF COLEMAN, DS FROST, TP GLAZNER, AF TI EVIDENCE FROM THE LAMARCK GRANODIORITE FOR RAPID LATE CRETACEOUS CRUST FORMATION IN CALIFORNIA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL SIERRA-NEVADA; CENOZOIC VOLCANIC-ROCKS; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; GRANITIC-ROCKS; ISOTOPIC DATA; SR; ND; STRONTIUM; MANTLE AB Strontium and neodymium isotopic data for rocks from the voluminous 90-million-year-old Lamarck intrusive suite in the Sierra Nevada batholith, California, show little variation across a compositional range from gabbro to granite. Data for three different gabbro intrusions within the suite are identical within analytical error and are consistent with derivation from an enriched mantle source. Recognition of local involvement of enriched mantle during generation of the Sierran batholith modifies estimates of crustal growth rates in the United States. These data indicate that parts of the Sierra Nevada batholith may consist almost entirely of juvenile crust added during Cretaceous magmatism. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. US GEOL SURVEY,SPOKANE,WA 99201. NR 33 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 18 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5090 BP 1924 EP 1926 DI 10.1126/science.258.5090.1924 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KD088 UT WOS:A1992KD08800027 PM 17836186 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, IH CZAMANSKE, GK FEDORENKO, VA HILL, RI STEPANOV, V AF CAMPBELL, IH CZAMANSKE, GK FEDORENKO, VA HILL, RI STEPANOV, V TI SYNCHRONISM OF THE SIBERIAN TRAPS AND THE PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLOOD BASALTS; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; VOLCANISM; CLOUD; AGE AB Uranium-lead ages from an ion probe were taken for zircons from the ore-bearing Noril'sk I intrusion that is comagmatic with, and intrusive to, the Siberian Traps. These values match, within an experimental error of +/-4 million years, the dates for zircons extracted from a tuff at the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) boundary. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the P-Tr extinction was caused by the Siberian basaltic flood volcanism. It is likely that the eruption of these magmas was accompanied by the injection of large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the upper atmosphere, which may have led to global cooling and to expansion of the polar ice cap. The P-Tr extinction event may have been caused by a combination of acid rain and global cooling as well as rapid and extreme changes in sea level resulting from expansion of the polar ice cap. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. CENT RES INST GEOL PROSPECTING BASE & PRECIOUS MET,MOSCOW 113545,USSR. RP CAMPBELL, IH (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH EARTH SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. NR 32 TC 265 Z9 281 U1 8 U2 66 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 11 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5089 BP 1760 EP 1763 DI 10.1126/science.258.5089.1760 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KB964 UT WOS:A1992KB96400029 PM 17831657 ER PT J AU BUCKNAM, RC HEMPHILLHALEY, E LEOPOLD, EB AF BUCKNAM, RC HEMPHILLHALEY, E LEOPOLD, EB TI ABRUPT UPLIFT WITHIN THE PAST 1700 YEARS AT SOUTHERN PUGET-SOUND, WASHINGTON SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE AB Shorelines rose as much as 7 meters along southern Puget Sound and Hood Canal between 500 and 1700 years ago. Evidence for this uplift consists of elevated wave-cut shore platforms near Seattle and emerged, peat-covered tidal flats as much as 60 kilometers to the southwest. The uplift was too rapid for waves to leave intermediate shorelines on even the best preserved platform. The tidal flats also emerged abruptly; they changed into freshwater swamps and meadows without first becoming tidal marshes. Where uplift was greatest, it adjoined an inferred fault that crosses Puget Sound at Seattle and it probably accompanied reverse slip on that fault 1000 to 1100 years ago. The uplift and probable fault slip show that the crust of the North America plate contains potential sources of damaging earthquakes in the Puget Sound region. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT BOT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP BUCKNAM, RC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 966,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 20 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 4 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5088 BP 1611 EP 1614 DI 10.1126/science.258.5088.1611 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA896 UT WOS:A1992KA89600023 PM 17742525 ER PT J AU ATWATER, BF MOORE, AL AF ATWATER, BF MOORE, AL TI A TSUNAMI ABOUT 1000 YEARS AGO IN PUGET-SOUND, WASHINGTON SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; STATE AB Water surged from Puget Sound sometime between 1000 and 1100 years ago, overrunning tidal marshes and mantling them with centimeters of sand. One overrun site is 10 kilometers northwest of downtown Seattle; another is on Whidbey Island, some 30 kilometers farther north. Neither site has been widely mantled with sand at any other time in the past 2000 years. Deposition of the sand coincided-to the year or less-with abrupt, probably tectonic subsidence at the Seattle site and with landsliding into nearby Lake Washington. These findings show that a tsunami was generated in Puget Sound, and they tend to confirm that a large shallow earthquake occurred in the Seattle area about 1000 years ago. RP ATWATER, BF (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,US GEOL SURVEY,AJ-20,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 27 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 4 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5088 BP 1614 EP 1616 DI 10.1126/science.258.5088.1614 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA896 UT WOS:A1992KA89600024 PM 17742526 ER PT J AU SCHUSTER, RL LOGAN, RL PRINGLE, PT AF SCHUSTER, RL LOGAN, RL PRINGLE, PT TI PREHISTORIC ROCK AVALANCHES IN THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS, WASHINGTON SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Rock avalanches blocked streams in the Olympic Mountains southwest of Puget Sound during the past few thousand years. Limiting radiocarbon ages indicated that three or four of six avalanches occurred from 1000 to 1300 years ago or shortly thereafter. Most of the dates were from the outer preserved rings of trees drowned behind avalanche dams. These three or four avalanches may be coeval not only with one another but also with abrupt tectonic deformation in western Washington. No rock avalanches in the Olympic Mountains are known to have resulted from storms or earthquakes during the past century. The avalanches strengthen the case that a large prehistoric earthquake occurred in the Puget Sound region. C1 WASHINGTON STATE DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV GEOL & EARTH RESOURCES,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. RP SCHUSTER, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 8 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 4 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5088 BP 1620 EP 1621 DI 10.1126/science.258.5088.1620 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA896 UT WOS:A1992KA89600026 PM 17742528 ER PT J AU BYERLEE, JD SAVAGE, JC AF BYERLEE, JD SAVAGE, JC TI COULOMB PLASTICITY WITHIN THE FAULT ZONE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We represent a well-developed fault by a layer of granular material (fault gouge) confined between two competent fault blocks. Slip on such a fault involves plastic shearing of the fault gouge. That is, the fault gouge behaves as a Coulomb material, and the plastic flow is accomplished by slip on the two sets of Coulomb shears appropriate to the stress state and the frictional properties of the gouge. Neither set of Coulomb shears is coplanar with the fault zone. Generally, the initial plastic flow is self arresting, and increased shear stress is required to drive further shear. But as the shear stress is increased a stress state is reached within the gouge in which the plane of maximum shear stress is parallel to the plane of the fault zone. Then the fault gouge shears at whatever rate is required to keep the shear stress across the fault from increasing further as was demonstrated experimentally by Mandl et al. [1977]. In a mature fault previous slip cycles have presumably left the fault gouge in a stress state such that the plane of maximum shear is parallel to the fault plane. Then, with additional shear loading, unlimited shear deformation is possible at the shear stress corresponding to the onset of Coulomb failure, and the fault appears to slip as if friction on the plane of the fault were less than on planes of other orientations. Slip on the fault does not imply that the fault plane coincides with a Coulomb shear as is sometimes assumed. RP BYERLEE, JD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 23 BP 2341 EP 2344 DI 10.1029/92GL02370 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KC559 UT WOS:A1992KC55900016 ER PT J AU MCDOUGALL, I BROWN, FH CERLING, TE HILLHOUSE, JW AF MCDOUGALL, I BROWN, FH CERLING, TE HILLHOUSE, JW TI A REAPPRAISAL OF THE GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIME SCALE TO 4 MA USING DATA FROM THE TURKANA BASIN, EAST-AFRICA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KOOBI FORA REGION; PALEOMAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY; ASTRONOMICAL CALIBRATION; LAKE TURKANA; KENYA; BP; ETHIOPIA; RUDOLF AB Recalibration of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene geomagnetic time scale using the K-Ar dated fluvial sequence of the Turkana Basin in East Africa agrees with calibrations based on astronomical calculations. Ages estimated here are: Olduvai Subchron, 1.78-1.96 Ma; Reunion Subchrons, 2.11-2.15 Ma and 2.19-2.27 Ma; Matuyama-Gauss boundary, 2.60 Ma; Kaena Subchron 3.02-3.09 Ma; Mammoth Subchron, 3.21-3.29 Ma; Gauss-Gilbert boundary, 3.57 Ma. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV UTAH,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP MCDOUGALL, I (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH EARTH SCI,GPO BOX 4,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. NR 23 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 23 BP 2349 EP 2352 DI 10.1029/92GL02714 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KC559 UT WOS:A1992KC55900018 ER PT J AU Kok, LT McAvoy, TJ Malecki, RA Hight, SD Drea, JJ Coulson, JR AF Kok, L. T. McAvoy, T. J. Malecki, R. A. Hight, S. D. Drea, J. J. Coulson, J. R. TI Host Specificity Tests of Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and G-pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Potential Biological Control Agents of Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Galerucella calmariensis; Galerucella pusilla; Chrysomelidae; quarantine tests; host specificity tests; Lythrum salicaria; purple loosestrife; Lythraceae; biological control AB Host specificity tests of Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and Galerucella pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were conducted under quarantine to determine the suitability of these beetles as biological control agents of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., an aggressive emergent aquatic weed of Eurasian origin. Both species of imported Eurasian beetles, natural enemies of purple loosestrife, were tested on 15 species of plants from nine families within six orders. The plants were selected on the basis of preliminary tests by the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International Institute of Biological Control. Adult G. calmariensis readily fed and oviposited on Lagerstroemia indica L., Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell., and Lythrum alatum Pursh. However, only L. alatum and Lythrum virgatum L., besides the target host purple loosestrife, supported larval development beyond the first instar to the adult stage. Test plants outside the Lythraceae showed minimal feeding or oviposition and were not suitable as hosts. Feeding by adult G. pusilla was confined to members of the Lythraceae. Of the five test plants that were accepted for oviposition, only two (L. virgatum and L. alatum) were suitable for larval development past the first instar. As L. virgatum is considered taxonomically similar to L. salicaria, it appears that the only test plant that is a suitable host for both Galerucella spp., besides the target plant, is L. alatum. These results suggest that both species of beetles are highly host specific and should not be a threat to nontarget plants with the exception of L. alatum. (c) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Kok, L. T.; McAvoy, T. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Malecki, R. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hight, S. D.; Drea, J. J.; Coulson, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kok, LT (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Kok, Loke/G-9922-2016 OI Kok, Loke/0000-0002-5734-3472 FU Cornell University [146484899]; U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service [14-16009-1553] FX We thank B. Blossey and D. Schroeder of the C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control, Delemont, Switzerland for the shipment of insects for the tests, and W. T. Mays of VPI & SU for technical assistance. This research was supported by subagreement 146484899 with Cornell University under cooperative agreement 14-16009-1553 from the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90020-E PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DF UT WOS:000207173600005 ER PT J AU HARTZELL, SH AF HARTZELL, SH TI SITE RESPONSE ESTIMATION FROM EARTHQUAKE DATA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; NEW-YORK-STATE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; GROUND MOTION; PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS; CODA WAVES; ATTENUATION; INVERSION; AMPLIFICATION AB Aftershocks of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake are used to estimate site response along the San Francisco Peninsula. A total of 215 shear-wave records from 24 sources and 21 sites are used in a linear inversion for source and site response spectra. The methodology makes no assumptions about the shape of the source spectrum. However, to obtain a stable, unique inverse a Q model and geometrical spreading factor are assumed, as well as a constraint on site response that sets the site response averaged over two specific stations to 1.0. Site responses calculated by this formulation of the problem are compared with other studies in the same region that use different methodologies and/or data. The shear-wave site responses compare favorably with estimates based on an omega2-constrained source model. Comparison with coda amplification factors is not as close, but still favorable considering that the coda values were determined for nearby locations with similar geology, and not the same sites. The degree of agreement between the three methods is encouraging considering the very different assumptions and data used. RP HARTZELL, SH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RISK ASSESSMENT BRANCH,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 29 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 2308 EP 2327 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KG816 UT WOS:A1992KG81600002 ER PT J AU BRYAN, CJ AF BRYAN, CJ TI A POSSIBLE TRIGGERING MECHANISM FOR LARGE HAWAIIAN EARTHQUAKES DERIVED FROM ANALYSIS OF THE 26 JUNE 1989 KILAUEA SOUTH FLANK SEQUENCE SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KALAPANA EARTHQUAKE; SEISMIC REFRACTION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; 1975 KALAPANA; NOVEMBER 29; MAUNA-LOA; VOLCANO; ISLAND; MODEL; TECTONICS AB Examination of short-period seismic data from the M(L) = 6.1 Kilauea south flank earthquake and aftershock sequence indicates that the rupture process in large Hawaiian earthquakes is more complex than previously modeled. In contrast to the low-angle thrust solution determined for the mainshock from long-period teleseismic body waves by other workers, I find an intermediate- to high-angle reverse solution; I find, however, that focal mechanisms for coastal aftershocks of M(L) > 3.0 are similar to the teleseismic mechanism for the mainshock. A difference in focal mechanisms determined from short-period local-network seismic data and from long-period teleseismic data has been noted for other recent large Hawaiian earthquakes. Both the mapping of surface cracks and the focal mechanism derived from short-period seismic data for the M(L) = 6.6 1983 Kaoiki earthquake show strike-slip motion, whereas the centroid moment tensor solution shows low-angle thrusting. The focal mechanism calculated from short-period seismic data for the M(L) = 7.2 1975 Kalapana mainshock shows low-angle thrusting according to some workers, but intermediate- to high-angle reverse faulting according to others, whereas focal mechanisms calculated from long-period seismic data show low-angle thrusting. This result suggests that rupture initiation in large Hawaiian earthquakes, as represented by the short-period focal mechanisms, differs significantly from the overall rupture process, as represented by the teleseismic mechanisms. I propose that small earthquakes trigger the large-scale energy release at the bases of the volcanic edifices, the type of energy release often observed in large Hawaiian earthquakes. These triggering events may occur along rupture surfaces that differ from those along which the long-period moment release occurs and thus may represent release of a local stress concentration superposed upon the regional stress field. RP BRYAN, CJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HONOLULU,HI 96718, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 2368 EP 2390 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KG816 UT WOS:A1992KG81600005 ER PT J AU MOORE, JG JAKOBSSON, S HOLMJARN, J AF MOORE, JG JAKOBSSON, S HOLMJARN, J TI SUBSIDENCE OF SURTSEY VOLCANO, 1967-1991 SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Surtsey marine volcano was built on the southern insular shelf of Iceland, along the seaward extension of the east volcanic zone, during episodic explosive and effusive activity from 1963 to 1967. A 1600-m-long, east-west line of 42 bench marks was established across the island shortly after volcanic activity stopped. From 1967 to 1991 a series of leveling surveys measured the relative elevation of the original bench marks, as well as additional bench marks installed in 1979, 1982 and 1985. Concurrent measurements were made of water levels in a pit dug on the north coast, in a drill hole, and along the coastline exposed to the open ocean. These surveys indicate that the dominant vertical movement of Surtsey is a general subsidence of about 1.1 +/- 0. 3 m during the 24-year period of observations. The rate of subsidence decreased from 15-20 cm/year for 1967-1968 to 1-2 cm/year in 1991. Greatest subsidence is centered about the eastern vent area. Through 1970, subsidence was locally greatest where the lava plain is thinnest, adjacent to the flanks of the eastern tephra cone. From 1982 onward, the region closest to the hydrothermal zone, which is best developed in the vicinity of the eastern vent, began showing less subsidence relative to the rest of the surveyed bench marks. The general subsidence of the island probably results from compaction of the volcanic material comprising Surtsey, compaction of the sea-floor sediments underlying the island, and possibly downwarping of the lithosphere due to the laod of Surtsey. The more localized early downwarping near the eastern tephra cone is apparently due to greater compaction of tephra relative to lava. The later diminished local subsidence near the hydrothermal zone is probably due to a minor volume increase caused by hydrous alteration of glassy tephra. However, this volume increase is concentrated at depth beneath the bottom of the 176-m-deep cased drillhole. RP MOORE, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1007/BF00301116 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KC332 UT WOS:A1992KC33200002 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JH DEANGELIS, DL AF PETERSEN, JH DEANGELIS, DL TI FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE AND CAPTURE TIMING IN AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL - PREDATION BY NORTHERN SQUAWFISH (PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS) ON JUVENILE SALMONIDS IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; LARGEMOUTH BASS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PREY-ENCOUNTER; TIME; FISHES; FREQUENCY AB The behavior of individual northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) preying on juvenile salmonids was modeled to address questions about capture rate and the timing of prey captures (random versus contagious). Prey density, predator weight, prey weight, temperature, and diel feeding pattern were first incorporated into predation equations analogous to Holling Type 2 and Type 3 functional response models. Type 2 and Type 3 equations fit field data from the Columbia River equally well, and both models predicted predation rates on five of seven independent dates. Selecting a functional response type may be complicated by variable predation rates, analytical methods, and assumptions of the model equations. Using the Type 2 functional response, random versus contagious timing of prey capture was tested using two related models. In the simpler model, salmon captures were assumed to be controlled by a Poisson renewal process; in the second model, several salmon captures were assumed to occur during brief ''feeding bouts'', modeled with a compound Poisson process. Salmon captures by individual northern squawfish were clustered through time, rather than random, based on comparison of model simulations and field data. The contagious-feeding result suggests that salmonids may be encountered as patches or schools in the river. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP PETERSEN, JH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR SEATTLE,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 78 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2551 EP 2565 DI 10.1139/f92-282 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KL532 UT WOS:A1992KL53200014 ER PT J AU LONEY, RA HIMMELBERG, GR AF LONEY, RA HIMMELBERG, GR TI PETROGENESIS OF THE PD-RICH INTRUSION AT SALT CHUCK, PRINCE-OF-WALES-ISLAND - AN EARLY PALEOZOIC ALASKAN-TYPE ULTRAMAFIC BODY SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE ALASKAN-TYPE INTRUSION; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; SULFIDES; ARC MAGMATISM; EARLY PALEOZOIC; SALT CHUCK; ALASKA ID PLATINUM; BASALT; ARC; NOMENCLATURE; AMPHIBOLES; INCLUSIONS; EQUILIBRIA; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; HISTORY AB The early Paleozoic Salt Chuck intrusion has petrographic and chemical characteristics that are similar to those of Cretaceous Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic bodies. The Salt Chuck intrusion is markedly discordant to the structure of the early Paleozoic Descon Formation, in which it has produced a rather indistinct contact aureole a few meters wide. Field relationships and sequences of cumulus minerals indicate that the two rock types, magnetite clinopyroxenite and gabbro, are related by fractional crystallization. All analyzed samples are feldspathoid-normative, a result of the high proportion of the esseneite component of clinopyroxene and not an indication of crystallization from a silica-undersaturated magma. The Mg# of the modal clinopyroxene ranges from 0.937 to 0.83 1, consistent with a normal trend of fractional crystallization. Mineral assemblages, sequence of crystallization, and mineral chemistry suggest that the intrusion crystallized under low pressures (almost-equal-to 2 kbar) with oxidation conditions near those of the NNO buffer, from a hydrous, silica-saturated, orthopyroxene-normative parental magma. The dominance of Pd over Pt [average Pt/(Pt+Pd) = 0.061 in the Salt Chuck intrusion contrasts sharply with the general dominance of Pt over Pd [average Pt/(Pt+Pd) = 0.59] in other Alaskan-type bodies. There are also generally higher levels of PGE and sulfide concentrations in the Salt Chuck deposit. Sulfides in the Salt Chuck intrusion are substantially more Cu- and Pd-rich than magmatic sulfides in other ultramafic rocks. The Salt Chuck deposit was probably formed by a two-stage process: (1) a stage of magmatic crystallization in which the sulfides and PGE accumulated in a disseminated manner in cumulus deposits, possibly largely in the gabbro, and (2) a later magmatic-hydrothermal stage during which the sulfides and PGE were remobilized and concentrated in veins and fracture-fillings, largely in the magnetite clinopyroxenite but controlled by the complex magnetite clinopyroxenite - gabbro contact. In this model, the source of the sulfides and PGE was the magma that produced the Salt Chuck intrusion. . C1 US GEOL SURVEY,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP LONEY, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 BP 1005 EP 1022 PN 4 PG 18 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA KW490 UT WOS:A1992KW49000003 ER PT J AU DESBOROUGH, GA FOORD, EE AF DESBOROUGH, GA FOORD, EE TI A MONOCLINIC, PSEUDO-ORTHORHOMBIC AU-HG MINERAL OF POTENTIAL ECONOMIC-SIGNIFICANCE IN PLEISTOCENE SNAKE RIVER ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS OF SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE AU-HG MINERAL; POLYCRYSTALLINE MASSES; COMPOSITION; X-RAY POWDER PATTERNS; ALLUVIUM; SNAKE RIVER; IDAHO ID SOUTH-AFRICA; GOLD; WITWATERSRAND; MERCURY; SILVER AB A mineral with the approximate composition of Au94Hg6 - Au88Hg12 (atomic %) has been identified in Pleistocene Snake River alluvial deposits in southeastern Idaho. The gold-mercury mineral occurs as very small grains or as polycrystalline masses composed of subhedral to nearly euhedral attached crystals. Small aggregates of these crystals are mostly less than 1 mug in mass; the individual grains are mostly less than 5 mum in maximum dimension, although acicular grains 10 gm across and about 150 mum long have been observed. Vibratory cold-polishing techniques with 0.05-mum alumina abrasive for polished sections revealed a porous internal texture for most subhedral crystals after 48-72 hours of treatment. Thus, optical character (isotropic or anisotropic) could not be determined by reflected-light microscopy, and pore-free areas were too small for measurement of reflectance. Several hundred of the tiny particles of the mineral, concentrated by flotation, appear to be nearly the same color as native gold, but they are more brass-colored under the stereoscopic microscope at 80x. Elements other than gold and mercury were not detected by electron-microprobe analysis. X-ray-diffraction lines rather than individual reflections (spots), on powder camera X-ray films of unrotated spindles of single grains that morphologically appear to be single crystals, indicate that individual subhedral or euhedral crystals are composed of domains in random orientation. Thus, no material was found suitable for single-crystal X-ray-diffraction studies. The available X-ray data are best indexed according to a monoclinic cell: a 4.729(2), b 5.243(8), c 4.546(2) angstrom, beta 90.90(6)-degrees. RP DESBOROUGH, GA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MAIL STOP 905,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 25 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI NEPEAN PA CITYVIEW 78087, NEPEAN ON K2G 5W2, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 BP 1033 EP 1038 PN 4 PG 6 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA KW490 UT WOS:A1992KW49000005 ER PT J AU SLACK, JF JIANG, WT PEACOR, DR OKITA, PM AF SLACK, JF JIANG, WT PEACOR, DR OKITA, PM TI HYDROTHERMAL AND METAMORPHIC BERTHIERINE FROM THE KIDD CREEK VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT, TIMMINS, ONTARIO SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE BERTHIERINE; CHLORITE; VOLCANOGENIC SULFIDE DEPOSIT; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-MICROPROBE DATA; X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION; KIDD CREEK MINE; TIMMINS; ONTARIO ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; PELITIC ROCKS; DIRECT DERIVATION; GECO MINE; CHLORITE; ILLITE; ZONE; PHYLLOSILICATES; MUSCOVITE; CHEMISTRY AB Berthierine, a 7 angstrom Fe-Al member of the serpentine group, occurs in the footwall stringer zone of the Archean Kidd Creek massive sulfide deposit, Ontario, associated with quartz, muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and local tourmaline, cassiterite, and halloysite. Berthierine has been identified by the lack of 14 angstrom basal reflections on X-ray powder diffraction patterns, by its composition (electron-microprobe data), and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Petrographic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies reveal different types of berthierine occurrences, including interlayers within and rims on deformed chlorite, intergrowths with muscovite and halloysite, and discrete coarse grains. TEM images show thick packets of berthierine and chlorite that are parallel or related by low-angle boundaries, and layer terminations of chlorite by berthierine; mixed-layer chlorite-berthierine also is observed, intergrown with Fe-rich chlorite and berthierine. End-member (Mg-free) berthierine is present in small domains in two samples. The Kidd Creek berthierine is chemically similar to berthierine from other localities, and to Fe-rich chlorite from a variety of geological settings. This is the first reported occurrence of berthierine from volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. Textural relations suggest that most of the Kidd Creek berthierine formed as a primary hydrothermal mineral at relatively high temperatures (approximately 350-degrees-C) in the footwall stringer zone, probably by the replacement of a pre-existing aluminous phase such as muscovite or chlorite. However, the intergrowth textures observed by SEM and TEM suggest that some of the berthierine originated by syn- or post-metamorphic replacement of chlorite. The difficulty of identifying berthierine by routine petrographic, X-ray, and electron-microprobe methods suggests that much of the Fe-rich chlorite described from modem and ancient massive sulfide deposits may instead be berthierine. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT GEOL SCI, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. RP SLACK, JF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, NATL CTR, MAIL STOP 954, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 92 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI QUEBEC PA 490, RUE DE LA COURONNE, QUEBEC, QC G1K 9A9, CANADA SN 0008-4476 EI 1499-1276 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 BP 1127 EP 1142 PN 4 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA KW490 UT WOS:A1992KW49000012 ER PT J AU MORRISON, JL AF MORRISON, JL TI IMPLEMENTING THE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD - INTRODUCTION SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material RP MORRISON, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 277 EP 277 DI 10.1559/152304092783762218 PG 1 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600001 ER PT J AU FEGEAS, RG CASCIO, JL LAZAR, RA AF FEGEAS, RG CASCIO, JL LAZAR, RA TI AN OVERVIEW OF FIPS-173, THE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD; SPATIAL DATA; DATA EXCHANGE; DATA STANDARDS AB The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), after nine years of development, was approved on July 29, 1992, as FIPS Publication 173. The SDTS consists of three distinct parts. Part 1 is concerned with logical specifications required for spatial data transfer and has three Major components: a conceptual model of spatial data, data quality report specifications, and detailed logical transfer format specifications for SDTS data sets. Part 2 provides a model for the definition of real-world spatial features, attributes, and attribute values and includes a standard but working and expandable list with definitions. Part 3 specifies the byte-level format implementation of the logical specifications in SDTS Part 1 using ISO/ANSI 8211 (FIPS 123), a general data exchange standard. RP FEGEAS, RG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STAND & TECHNOL BRANCH,OFF RES,526 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 278 EP 293 DI 10.1559/152304092783762209 PG 16 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600002 ER PT J AU WORTMAN, K AF WORTMAN, K TI THE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD (FIPS-173) - A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA; STANDARDS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; DATA EXCHANGE; DIGITAL DATA AB The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) was approved by the Department of Commerce as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 173 on July 29, 1992. As a FIPS, the SDTS will serve as the national spatial data transfer mechanism for all federal agencies and will be available for use by state and local governments, the private sector, and research organizations. FIPS 173 will transfer digital spatial data sets between different computer systems, making data sharing practicable. This standard is of significant interest to users and producers of digital spatial data because of the potential for increased access to and sharing of spatial data, the reduction of information loss in data exchange, the elimination of the duplication of data acquisition, and the increase in the quality and integrity of spatial data. The success of FIPS 173 will depend on its acceptance by users of spatial data and by vendors of spatial information systems. Comprehensive workshops are being conducted, and the tools and procedures necessary to support FIPS 173 implementations are being developed. The U.S. Geological Survey, as the FIPS 173 maintenance authority, is committed to involving the spatial data community in various activities to promote acceptance of FIPS 173 and to providing case examples of prototype FIPS 173 implementations. Only by participating in these activities will the members of the spatial data community understand the role and impact of this standard. RP WORTMAN, K (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,STAND & TECHNOL BRANCH,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 294 EP 295 DI 10.1559/152304092783762227 PG 2 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600003 ER PT J AU LAZAR, RA AF LAZAR, RA TI THE SDTS TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR PROFILE SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD; TOPOLOGY; VECTOR DATA; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; DATA EXCHANGE AB Because the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), also Federal Information Processing Standard 173, is designed to support any type of spatial data, implementing all of its options at one time is impossible. Instead, the SDTS is implemented through the use of profiles, which are limited subsets of the SDTS. The first profile developed is the Topological Vector Profile. This profile supports geographic vector data with geometry and topology. It does not support raster data, graphic representation modules, and geometry-only vector.data. This profile was tested in 1992 in order to validate it. It will be submitted to the National Institute of Standards and Technology as an amendment to the SDTS. RP LAZAR, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,STAND & TECHNOL BRANCH,OFF RES,526 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 296 EP 299 DI 10.1559/152304092783762137 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600004 ER PT J AU GREENLEE, DD AF GREENLEE, DD TI DEVELOPING A RASTER PROFILE FOR THE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE RASTER; SPATIAL DATA; STANDARDS AB The Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) was designed to transfer both vector and raster data sets. In the early development of the SDTS, the designers recognized that there was a need to transfer raster data in addition to the more challenging vector data. As a result, the SDTS includes a ''raster module'' that accommodates a variety of raster data structures and formats. A raster profile is being developed that will exercise a selected subset of SDTS capabilities in order to provide a simple-to-use transfer of complete raster data sets. RP GREENLEE, DD (reprint author), USGS,EROS DATA CTR,DATA SERV BRANCH,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 300 EP 302 DI 10.1559/152304092783762146 PG 3 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600005 ER PT J AU LAZAR, RA AF LAZAR, RA TI SDTS SUPPORT SOFTWARE - THE FIPS-123 FUNCTION LIBRARY SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD; SOFTWARE LIBRARY; ISO-8211; ENCODING; DECODING AB To increase access to and use of the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 173, the U.S. Geological Survey developed software tools that support implementation of the SDTS. The most significant tool is a library of C language functions that can be called by user application programs to read and write files compliant to FIPS 123, the standard used by the SDTS for its physical file implementation. (Any use of trade names and trademarks is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey.) RP LAZAR, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,OFF RES,STAND & TECHNOL BRANCH,526 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.1559/152304092783762155 PG 3 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600006 ER PT J AU ALTHEIDE, P AF ALTHEIDE, P TI AN IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR SDTS ENCODING SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD; DATA EXCHANGE; ENCODE AB Any implementation plan for the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (NIST 1992) must include the following minimum set of tasks: conceptual, logical, and format level mappings, verification of the mappings; and systems development. These tasks are used as a guide in formulating specific project plans. For a data producer to implement an encoding capability, the tasks are learning the SDTS, conceptual mapping, module mapping, building sample modules, format mapping, encoding a sample data set, and developing the system. NOTE: This article assumes familiarity with the SDTS constructs of modules, fields, and subfields and the relationship of the SDTS to ISO 8211 (American National Standards Institute 1986). RP ALTHEIDE, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,CTR MID CONTINENT MAPPING,RES TECHNOL & APPLICAT BRANCH,ROLLA,MO 65401, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 306 EP 310 DI 10.1559/152304092783762236 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600007 ER PT J AU ALTHEIDE, P AF ALTHEIDE, P TI DESIGN OF A SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER PROCESSOR SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD; SOFTWARE DESIGN AB A processor to support the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (NIST 1992) is being designed. The Spatial Data Transfer Processor will support both encoding and decoding operations. The system will have five components: transfer manager, content encoder, format encoder, content decoder, and format decoder. No component will have expertise in more than one area. The system design should be used as a guide when developing software for the SDTS. NOTE: Readers should be familiar with mapping concepts described in the article ''An Implementation Strategy for SDTS Encoding, '' located elsewhere in this issue. RP ALTHEIDE, P (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,CTR MID CONTINENT MAPPING,RES TECHNOL & APPLICAT BRANCH,ROLLA,MO 65401, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1559/152304092783762245 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600008 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MG AF WILLIAMS, MG TI CONVERSION OF A UNITED-STATES-GEOLOGICAL-SURVEY DLG-3 DATA SET TO THE SDTS TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR PROFILE SO CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD; DLG-3; TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR PROFILE; MAPPING; SPATIAL DATA AB The Digital Line Graph level 3 (DLG-3) is the term for U. S. Geological Survey digital spatial data stored in vector form. Prior to the approval of the Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) as a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), a system was developed to convert a DLG-3 data set to a sample SDTS transfer. The specifications of the SDTS Topological Vector Profile were used for the transfer (U.S. Geological Survey 1992). The process required expertise in cartography, geography, and computer science. Analysis revealed requirements for processes to transform spatial addresses, to translate and map DLG-3 spatial objects and attribute pairs to the SDTS, to compile data not available in computer-readable form, and to convert files to FIPS 123 (ISO 8211) standard. Mapping data to the SDTS proved to be complex and highlighted the need for appropriate training with regard to the SDTS and FIPS 123. Several issues were raised, such as the source of data quality information, platforms supported by the FIPS 123 Function Library software, and attribute translation criteria. RP WILLIAMS, MG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,EASTERN MAPPING CTR,SOFTWARE ENGN SECT,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONGR SURVEYING & MAPPING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1050-9844 J9 CARTOGR GEOGR INFORM PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1559/152304092783762191 PG 6 WC Geography SC Geography GA KG116 UT WOS:A1992KG11600009 ER PT J AU PREST, HF JARMAN, WM BURNS, SA WEISMULLER, T MARTIN, M HUCKINS, JN AF PREST, HF JARMAN, WM BURNS, SA WEISMULLER, T MARTIN, M HUCKINS, JN TI PASSIVE WATER SAMPLING VIA SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES (SPMDS) IN CONCERT WITH BIVALVES IN THE SACRAMENTO SAN JOAQUIN RIVER DELTA SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS AB Freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) and the Huckins et al. (1) semi-permeable membrane sampling device (SPMD) were simultaneously deployed at three sites on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers in 1990. Both clams and the SPMDs were analyzed for sequestered pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and non-ortho PCBs were quantified by high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). In general, levels of organochlorine compounds were approximately 1.6 times higher in clams on a wet weight basis than in the SPMDs, and trends in accumulation were similar except where biofouling of the SPMD membranes decreased uptake rates. Comparisons between the normalized, average levels of PCDDs accumulated showed that while octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) was most prevalent in both clams and SPMDs, much higher levels of 2,3,7,8 TCDD were found in the SPMDs than in the clams; 2,3,7,8 TCDD was 32% of the profile relative to the OCDD level for the SPMDs and <1% of the clam OCDD level. PCB levels showed the clams primarily accumulated hexachlorinated PCBs while the pentachlorinated and tetrachlorinated congeners were higher in the SPMDs. Differences in profiles for homologous series among the PCBs reveal that some congeners, especially those with 2,4,5 substitution, are more likely to bioaccumulate than those with lower chlorination or adjacent unsubstituted sites. GC/MS chromatograms indicate the SPMDs also sequestered several polyaromatic hydrocarbons. GC/ECD chromatograms indicate the presence of several unidentified, early eluting compounds in the SPMDs. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,HAZARDOUS MAT LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94705. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,LONG MARINE LAB,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95060. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP PREST, HF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95060, USA. NR 17 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 1992 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1823 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90021-I PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG110 UT WOS:A1992KG11000007 ER PT J AU LIST, JH AF LIST, JH TI WAVE GROUPINESS VARIATIONS IN THE NEARSHORE - REPLY SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Discussion ID SURF BEAT; GENERATION RP LIST, JH (reprint author), USGS,CTR COASTAL GEOL,600 4TH ST S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 359 EP 362 DI 10.1016/0378-3839(92)90032-P PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA KH263 UT WOS:A1992KH26300015 ER PT J AU NOWAK, RM AF NOWAK, RM TI THE RED WOLF IS NOT A HYBRID SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP NOWAK, RM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF SCI AUTHOR,MAIL STOP 725,ARLINGTON SQ,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 593 EP 595 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040593.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KE954 UT WOS:A1992KE95400016 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, MK HENRY, VG AF PHILLIPS, MK HENRY, VG TI COMMENTS ON RED WOLF TAXONOMY SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP PHILLIPS, MK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,POB 1969,MANTEO,NC 27954, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 596 EP 599 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040596.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KE954 UT WOS:A1992KE95400017 ER PT J AU DRAKE, DE CACCHIONE, DA AF DRAKE, DE CACCHIONE, DA TI WAVE CURRENT INTERACTION IN THE BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER DURING STORM AND NONSTORM CONDITIONS - OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL PREDICTIONS SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FLOW; BED; DYNAMICS; STRESSES AB Bottom boundary layer measurements of current velocity profiles and bed response under combined wave and current conditions were obtained at a water depth of 145 m on the shelf off central California during December 1988. High quality logarithmic current profiles, excellent time-series bottom photographs, and a large variation in the relative strengths of the wave-induced oscillatory currents and the quasi-steady low frequency currents provided a dataset that is ideal for examining the effects of wave-current interaction near a rough boundary. During one period of 3 days that included a brief storm event, the wave-induced bottom currents (U(b1/10)) ranged from 2.3 to 22 cm s-1 and the steady currents (U(r)) ranged from 1.8 to 28.1 cm s-1 at 0.18 m above the bottom; the ratio U(b)/U18 varied from below 0.2 to more than 7. Velocity profiles were highly logarithmic (R2 > 0.95) 60% of the time and 27 profiles collected at 2-h intervals had R2 greater-than-or-equal-to 0.994 which allowed reliable estimates of the current shear velocity (U*c) and roughness length (z(oc)). Mean U*c values had magnitudes of 0.3-2.4 cm s-1 and z(oc), which ranged from 0.04 to 3.5 cm, was strongly correlated to the U(b)/U18 ratio. Drag coefficients (C(D) = tau(c)/rhoU100(2)) ranged from about 2.5 x 10(-3)-12 x 10(-3) in direct response to the wave-current variation; the use of a constant C(D) of 3 x 10(-3) for steady flow over a rough bed would have underpredicted the shear stress by up to four times during the storm event. The large z(oc) and U*c values cannot be explained by changes in the carefully-observed, small (< 1 cm) physical bed roughness elements that covered the mud-rich study site. A side-scan sonar site survey also eliminated the possibility of flow disturbance by larger upstream topography. The observations clearly demonstrate the importance of wave-current interaction near a rough boundary. Comparison of the observations with results of the combined flow models of Grant and Madsen and Glenn show the models provide good predictions of U*c and z(oc) when the waves are characterized by either H-1/3 or H-1/10. RP DRAKE, DE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1331 EP 1352 DI 10.1016/0278-4343(92)90058-R PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JU140 UT WOS:A1992JU14000001 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GF TOSDAL, RM AF WILLIS, GF TOSDAL, RM TI FORMATION OF GOLD VEINS AND BRECCIAS DURING DEXTRAL STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING IN THE MESQUITE MINING DISTRICT, SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ROCKS; STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONICS; RANGES; MODEL AB The Mesquite mining district in southeastern California is presently the second largest gold producer in California. The district comprises two subparallel orebodies of Oligocene age that before mining were unconformably buried by a thin veneer of late Tertiary sedimentary rocks and minor basalt and Quaternary alluvium on the south piedmont slope of the Chocolate Mountains. This range forms part of the eastern margin of the Salton trough and is within an area cut by numerous, but now-inactive, strands of the Neogene San Andreas fault system. Extensive postmineral faulting, inferred to be related to the evolution of the San Andreas fault system since the middle Miocene, has disrupted, offset, and rotated parts of the orebodies. This dismemberment, occurring primarily along northeasterly striking, left-lateral, oblique-slip faults, has resulted in a stepped pattern of economic mineralization in map view on the piedmont. Mineralized faults were reactivated during this event; the reactivated faults have normal, thrust, and strike-slip displacements that accommodated relative rotations of blocks between the northeast-striking oblique-slip faults. The postmineral faulting converted gold-bearing quartz and carbonate veins to breccia or to clayey gouge without any accompanying hydrothermal mineralization. A palinspastic reconstruction of the orebodies sharpens their original geometric form. The two gold orebodies, thus reconstructed, consist of the large, Big Chief and Vista open pits and the small, lower economic-grade Cherokee and Rainbow open pits. Each orebody consists of upward-diverging, moderately to steeply dipping veins, breccias, and mineralized faults that cut amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks and granitoids of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. Published geochronologic data indicate the orebodies formed in the Oligocene. Northwesterly striking dextral strike-slip faults and subparallel veins and northerly striking extensional faults and veins are the dominant mineralized structures in the restored orebodies. These two ore-related fault sets mutually crosscut each other and they formed contemporaneously. Fault movement, vein formation, and mineralization were episodic and record progressive heterogeneous simple shear strains. Throughout the orebodies, the geometry of mineralized structures in their present map and cross-sectional views requires that they formed synchronously with episodic dextral strike-slip faulting under conditions of approximately north-south shortening and east-west extensional strains. Structural criteria include mineralized faults with subhorizontal to gently plunging slickensides; identifiable Riedel, conjugate Riedel, and P shears that define a dextral strike-slip fault system of mutually cross-cutting and braided faults; the character and relative orientation of extension veins with respect to the strike-slip faults; composite dilational jogs defined by the distribution of economic grades; flower structures; and strike-slip duplexes. The structural evidence is independent of scale and is present at the scale of (1) the bench wall, (2) the individual open pits, and (3) the entire mining district. The two orebodies are interpreted to have formed in areas of relative extension between subparallel dextral strike-slip faults in a combination of fault jogs and strike-slip duplexes. This structural setting for the Mesquite mining district cannot be reconciled with models that purport to link the formation of the orebodies to extensional deformation and detachment faulting during the Oligocene. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP WILLIS, GF (reprint author), GOLD FIELDS OPERATING CO,6502 E HIGHWAY 78,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 85 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2002 EP 2022 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KE804 UT WOS:A1992KE80400003 ER PT J AU FLOHR, MJK AF FLOHR, MJK TI GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF THE BALD KNOB MANGANESE DEPOSIT, NORTH-CAROLINA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; RARE-EARTH ELEMENT; EAST PACIFIC RISE; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; METALLIFEROUS SEDIMENTS; HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION; FRANCISCAN ASSEMBLAGE; GALAPAGOS RIFT AB Geochemical and textural evidence for the submarine hydrothermal origin of the Bald Knob Mn deposit, North Carolina, is preserved in a mineralogically diverse suite of rocks that have experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism. Manganese- and Mn-Fe-rich lithologies have high Mn/Fe ratios and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, U, Th, and rare earth elements that are similar to concentrations reported from other ancient manganiferous deposits and from crusts and sediments which are forming in hydrothermally active regions of the present sea floor. Manganese- and Ca-rich carbonate minerals, a variety of Mn-rich silicates (including tephroite, the Mn humite-group minerals, spessartine, rhodonite, and pyroxmangite), and the oxides galaxite and jacobsite form fine laminations that represent different bulk compositions. No chemical or textural evidence for replacement of Mn-poor by Mn-rich minerals was found and, in some samples, the same lithologic units are repeated on the scale of a thin section, consistent with a primary sedimentary origin for the layering. Chert, which is one of the country rocks at Bald Knob, and Mn- and Ca-rich carbonate rocks represent original sedimentary protoliths. More than one detrital component may be present in the Mn-rich layers. Biogenic detritus was the probable source of at least some of the siliceous material that allowed for the formation of the Mn-rich silicates. An aluminous detrital component, which probably was derived from a continental or andesitic source, is reflected in spessartine-rich layers. Minor Mn and Co sulfide mineralization (alabandite, cattierite, cobaltite) was contemporaneous with deposition of the Mn-rich sediments. The association of the manganiferous lithologies with chert and meta-igneous rocks (amphibolite) is consistent with deposition of the sediments in a rifting environment, such as a back-arc basin, or possibly, a midocean ridge. RP FLOHR, MJK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 8 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2023 EP 2040 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KE804 UT WOS:A1992KE80400004 ER PT J AU SANFORD, RF AF SANFORD, RF TI A NEW MODEL FOR TABULAR-TYPE URANIUM DEPOSITS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID JURASSIC MORRISON FORMATION; NEW-MEXICO; COLORADO PLATEAU; CLAY-MINERALS; ORE-DEPOSITS; BASIN; GENESIS; AQUIFER; WATER; CONSTRAINTS AB Tabular-type uranium deposits occur as tabular, originally subhorizontal bodies entirely within reduced fluvial sandstones of Late Silurian age or younger. This paper proposes that belts of tabular-type uranium deposits formed in areas of mixed local and regional ground-water discharge shortly after deposition of the host sediments. The general characteristics of tabular-type uranium deposits, especially the most studied deposits, those in the Uravan mineral belt, Henry basin, and Grants uranium region, indicate that their essential feature was the formation at a density-stratified ground-water interface in areas of local and regional ground-water discharge. Reconstruction of the paleohydrogeology is the key to understanding the formation of these deposits. Gravity-driven ground water recharged in major highlands and discharged in lowlands at major concave changes in paleotopographic slope. Shallow local and deep regional ground-water systems were characterized by dilute and saline water, respectively. Typically, underlying marine rocks, especially evaporites, provided the solutes to the deep regional ground water. A density-stabilized interface existed at the ground-water divide between local and regional flow systems. Tabular-type uranium deposits formed where these divides or interfaces intersected pockets of reduction where organic matter accumulated. The precipitation of humate and uranium at an interface accounts for the tabular shape and the tendency of deposits to rise stratigraphically into the basin. Geologic ground-water controls that favor discharge, such as the pinch-out of major aquifers, are also favorable for uranium ore. The combination of topographic and geologic features that both cause discharge is most favorable for ore deposition. RP SANFORD, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 905,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 113 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 87 IS 8 BP 2041 EP 2055 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KE804 UT WOS:A1992KE80400005 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM FERNANDEZ, M CHAPELLE, FH AF BRADLEY, PM FERNANDEZ, M CHAPELLE, FH TI CARBON LIMITATION OF DENITRIFICATION RATES IN AN ANAEROBIC GROUNDWATER SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; NITRATE REDUCTION; SEDIMENTS; PH; CAPACITY; AQUIFER; ACIDITY; OXYGEN AB Rates of potential denitrification were determined for anaerobic aquifer sediments collected at a site where groundwater NO3 concentrations ranged from 0.7 muM to 8.6 mM. A significant relation (p = 0.046) was observed between denitrification rates and the in situ concentration of NO3, but NO3 concentration only accounted for approximately 34% (r2) of the variation in activity. The highly significant relation (p < 0.001; r2 = 0.80) between potential denitrification and sediment total organic content and the enhanced activity of sediments amended with glucose indicated that denitrification rates in this aquifer system were carbon limited. No significant relation was observed between denitrification and the in situ ground-water pH, but short-term variations in pH influenced both the magnitude and the end products of denitrification. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,TAMPA,FL 33634. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP BRADLEY, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,720 GRACERN RD,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2377 EP 2381 DI 10.1021/es00036a007 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA328 UT WOS:A1992KA32800014 ER PT J AU AIKEN, GR AF AIKEN, GR TI CHLORIDE INTERFACE IN THE ANALYSIS OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON BY THE WET OXIDATION METHOD SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEAWATER AB The presence of Cl- in concentrations greater than 0.02 M is shown to interfere with the analysis of aqueous DOC concentrations by the wet oxidation method of analysis when a reaction time of 5 min is employed. Chloride competes with DOC for S2O82-, lowering the overall oxidation efficiency. The resulting HOCl from the oxidation of Cl- reacts with DOC, producing significant amounts of chlorinated intermediate compounds in addition to CO2. These compounds were found in the waste effluent from the reaction chamber and in the gas stream transporting CO2 to the detector. While a possible Cl- effect has been noted for DOC measurements in the past, it has not previously been demonstrated to be a source of error at the concentrations reported in this paper. The interference can be overcome either by increasing the digestion time or by diluting samples to contain less than 0.02 M Cl-. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DIV WATER RESOURCES, BOX 25046, MS 458, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2435 EP 2439 DI 10.1021/es00036a015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA328 UT WOS:A1992KA32800022 ER PT J AU THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA MEYER, MT MILLS, MS POMES, ML KOLPIN, DW AF THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA MEYER, MT MILLS, MS POMES, ML KOLPIN, DW TI A RECONNAISSANCE STUDY OF HERBICIDES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN SURFACE-WATER OF THE MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES USING IMMUNOASSAY AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDE; POLLUTION; BIODEGRADATION; GROUNDWATER; COMMUNITIES; RIVER; SOIL AB Preemergent herbicides and their metabolites, particularly atrazine, deethylatrazine, and metolachlor, persisted from 1989 to 1990 in the majority of rivers and streams in the midwestern United States. In spring, after the application of herbicides, the concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, and simazine were frequently 3-10 times greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL). The concentration of herbicides exceeded the MCLs both singly and in combination. Two major degradation products of atrazine (deisopropylatrazine and deethylatrazine) also were found in many of the streams. The order of persistence of the herbicides and their metabolites in surface water was atrazine > deethylatrazine > metolachlor > alachlor > deisopropylatrazine > cyanazine. Storm runoff collected at several sites exceeded the MCL multiple times during the summer months as a function of stream discharge, with increased concentrations during times of increased streamflow. It is proposed that metabolites of atrazine may be used as indicators of surface-water movement into adjacent alluvial aquifers. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. RP THURMAN, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 31 TC 310 Z9 319 U1 1 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2440 EP 2447 DI 10.1021/es00036a016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA328 UT WOS:A1992KA32800023 ER PT J AU PIPER, DZ WANDLESS, GA AF PIPER, DZ WANDLESS, GA TI HYDROXYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACETIC ACID-SOLUBLE AND ACID-INSOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF PELAGIC SEDIMENT - READSORPTION REVISITED SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; EQUATORIAL NORTH PACIFIC; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTIONS; TRACE-METALS; NAZCA PLATE; DOMES SITE; OCEAN; GEOCHEMISTRY; MINERALOGY AB The extraction of the rare earth elements (REE) from deep-ocean pelagic sediment, using hydroxylamine hydrochloride-acetic acid, leads to the separation of approximately 70% of the bulk REE content into the soluble fraction and 30% into the insoluble fraction. The REE pattern of the soluble fraction, i.e., the content of REE normalized to average shale on an element-by-element basis and plotted against atomic number, resembles the pattern for seawater, whereas the pattern, as well as the absolute concentrations, in the insoluble fraction resembles the North American shale composite. These results preclude significant readsorption of the REE by the insoluble phases during the leaching procedure. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP PIPER, DZ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,M-S 902,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 12 BP 2489 EP 2493 DI 10.1021/es00036a023 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KA328 UT WOS:A1992KA32800030 ER PT J AU OLIVER, NHS HOERING, TC JOHNSON, TW RUMBLE, D SHANKS, WC AF OLIVER, NHS HOERING, TC JOHNSON, TW RUMBLE, D SHANKS, WC TI SULFUR ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM AND FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION DURING METAMORPHISM OF SULFIDIC BLACK SHALES FROM THE WATERVILLE-AUGUSTA AREA, MAINE, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CENTRAL MAINE; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; GEOCHEMISTRY; DEPOSITS; MICROPROBE; PETROLOGY; EXAMPLE; SCHISTS; PYRITE; FLOW AB Sulfur isotope ratios of pyrite (py) and pyrrhotite (po) from regionally metamorphosed graphitic sulfidic schists and related rocks from south-central Maine, USA, were analysed using SO2 and SF6 techniques. There is a broad range in deltaS-34 values for both pyrite and pyrrhotite at most outcrops, up to 8 parts per thousand, and overall the values are isotopically light, averaging approximately -27 parts per thousand for the entire data set, suggesting that the rocks have not been grossly isotopically disturbed by regional metamorphism from their inferred organic-rich sedimentary origins. At all temperatures from chlorite to sillimanite grades, sulfide analysed from veins and blebs within the schists show predominantly disequilibrium fractionations ranging from DELTAS-34py-po-3.0 to +3.5 parts per thousand, as do matrix sulfides from rocks that attained temperatures <500-degrees-C. Only at T>500-degrees-C do matrix pyrite-pyrrhotite pairs with polygonal or aligned granoblastic microstructures approach isotopic equilibrium at millimeter to centimeter scales, suggesting that the process that favoured equilibration was recrystallization accompanying metamorphism and deformation. This disequilibrium may be a function of preferential interaction of one of the phases with an infiltrating fluid, but the lack of any systematic trends in the data, particularly with both negative and positive DELTAS-34py-po at some outcrops, does not permit ready identification of fluid sources, fluxes, or compositions. By combining published fluid fluxes for the area and a knowledge of the mass of sulfur contained in the rocks and the inferred infiltrating fluid, it appears that sulfur should have been homogenized over at least 10's to 1000's of meters, if equilibrium had been attained between rock sulfides and an infiltrating fluid of constant composition. That this did not occur was probably due to lack of equilibration between sulfides and the fluid but may also have arisen because of channelling of fluid flow along rather than across layers, or a lack of fluid infiltration through this unit. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. US GEOL SURVEY NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22090. RP OLIVER, NHS (reprint author), MONASH UNIV,DEPT EARTH SCI,CLAYTON,VIC 3168,AUSTRALIA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 12 BP 4257 EP 4265 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90266-L PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KF602 UT WOS:A1992KF60200012 ER PT J AU SILANTEV, SA BASYLEV, BA KLITGORD, KD CASEY, JF KUZMIN, MI LOMAKIN, IE SBORSHCHIKOV, ID AF SILANTEV, SA BASYLEV, BA KLITGORD, KD CASEY, JF KUZMIN, MI LOMAKIN, IE SBORSHCHIKOV, ID TI 3RD LAYER COMPOSITION OF NORTH-ATLANTIC (40-51 NL) OCEANIC-CRUST SO GEOKHIMIYA LA Russian DT Article ID RIDGE AB The analysis of geochemical and petrological data on the third layer of North Atlantic rocks and comparison them with the data on volcanic rocks show that the matter of 2-nd and 3-rd layers of North Atlantic oceanic crust show similarity which points to genetic relations between them. Azor-Biskai rise is an exception where plutonic and effusive rocks correspond to two different magmatic series. It was stated also that Palmer Ridge is built up of two geochemically different magmatic series: specific to anomalous segments of mid-ocean ridges (MOR) and to normal segments. Third layer rocks of North Atlanitc regions being differently away from central parts of Mid-Atlantic ridge (MAR) show geochemical correlations with magmatic rocks of modern rift valley located in MAR regions with the same latitude. P - T conditions and geochemical trends of metamorphism specific to North Atlantic plutonic rocks are indicative of relationship between metamorphic alteration processes in these rocks and both hydrothermal systems of spreading zones and large-scale vertical move within oceanic crust. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. UNIV HOUSTON,HOUSTON,TX 77004. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,SIBERIAN DIV,INST GEOCHEM,IRKUTSK,RUSSIA. POLAR INST FISHERIES & OCEANOG,MURMANSK,RUSSIA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST OCEANOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP SILANTEV, SA (reprint author), VI VERNADSKII GEOCHEM & ANALYT CHEM INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSSIISKAYA AKADEMIYA NAUK PI MOSCOW PA SAVELEVSKII PER., 13 OCTOZHENKA, 119034 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0016-7525 J9 GEOKHIMIYA+ JI Geokhimiya PD DEC PY 1992 IS 12 BP 1415 EP 1435 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KH682 UT WOS:A1992KH68200006 ER PT J AU CASTLE, RO GILMORE, TD AF CASTLE, RO GILMORE, TD TI A REVISED CONFIGURATION OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA UPLIFT SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE RANGES; REFRACTION ERROR; SALTON TROUGH; FIELD-TEST; HEAT-FLOW; ACCUMULATION; PALMDALE AB Recently recovered archival leveling data from southwestern Arizona and adjacent parts of California compel major revisions in the configuration and interpretation of the southern California uplift, both at its culmination and following its partial collapse. Re-examination of the older vertical-control record indicates that similar modifications may be equally appropriate in any reconsideration of the early-20th-century analogue of the southern California uplift. The impact of these revisions is limited to the southeastern part of the uplift, which is now believed to have projected well into northern Mexico. The chief changes in our earlier reconstructions appear as a sharply diminished isobase gradient south of Cottonwood Pass, dramatically reduced tectonic subsidence centering on the Salton Sea, and short-lived uplift of at least 0.3 m at the latitude of El Centro. A newly refined qualitative interpretation of the data implies contraction and decoupling at the base of the seismogenic zone, in conjunction with right-stepping movement and extension between an en echelon transform pair through the Salton Basin, combining to produce both the regional uplift and concurrently developed and relatively localized differential subsidence within the Salton Trough. RP CASTLE, RO (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 104 IS 12 BP 1577 EP 1591 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1577:ARCOTS>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KC403 UT WOS:A1992KC40300003 ER PT J AU AYDIN, A JOHNSON, AM FLEMING, RW AF AYDIN, A JOHNSON, AM FLEMING, RW TI RIGHT-LATERAL-REVERSE SURFACE RUPTURE ALONG THE SAN-ANDREAS AND SARGENT FAULTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCTOBER 17, 1989, LOMA-PRIETA, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Loma Prieta earthquake produced bewildering arrays of surface fractures of all possible modes in the epicentral area. Preliminary reports of the fracturing, though, suggested that there was no evidence of fight-lateral surface slip above the fault as it is defined seismically. Through detailed mapping of selected localities along the San Andreas and Sargent faults, however, we have been able to show that strands of the San Andreas and Sargent faults ruptured to the surface with right-lateral-northward thrust components of slip in amounts of 10 to 20 em. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP AYDIN, A (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL EARTH SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1063 EP 1067 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1063:RLRSRA>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA KC401 UT WOS:A1992KC40100002 ER PT J AU DUFFIELD, WA RUIZ, J AF DUFFIELD, WA RUIZ, J TI EVIDENCE FOR THE REVERSAL OF GRADIENTS IN THE UPPERMOST PARTS OF SILICIC MAGMA RESERVOIRS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAYLOR CREEK RHYOLITE; DATIL VOLCANIC FIELD; NEW-MEXICO; WITHDRAWAL; DYNAMICS AB Evidence from large-volume ignimbrites indicates that the source-magma reservoirs for most of these voluminous silicic pyroclastic deposits contained monotonic vertical chemical gradients at the time of eruption. However, gradients from a large-volume magma reservoir that produced a group of penecontemporaneous silicic lava domes, but no ignimbrite, show a reversal of the usual ignimbrite pattern. This reversal originated by modification of the usual pattern through minor assimilation of partially melted roof rocks. Eruptions that produced these domes apparently just tapped the uppermost part of their source reservoir. They thereby provide a high-resolution instantaneous view of this variably contaminated part of the magma system. Although not yet reported in the literature, similar reversals should be recorded in other groups of penecontemporaneous silicic domes and perhaps also in the lowermost parts of ignimbrites or in their underlying coeruptive Plinian deposits. The long-standing paradigm for monotonic zoning in large-volume reservoirs of silicic magma may require modification. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, DEPT GEOSCI, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. RP DUFFIELD, WA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 2255 N GEMINI DR, FLAGSTAFF, AZ 86001 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1115 EP 1118 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1115:EFTROG>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA KC401 UT WOS:A1992KC40100015 ER PT J AU LEAHY, PP AF LEAHY, PP TI CONSISTENT DATA ON WATER-QUALITY - ITS LONG OVERDUE SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material RP LEAHY, PP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL WATER QUAL ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 1992 VL 37 IS 12 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KA018 UT WOS:A1992KA01800002 ER PT J AU CLOW, GD AF CLOW, GD TI THE EXTENT OF TEMPORAL SMEARING IN SURFACE-TEMPERATURE HISTORIES DERIVED FROM BOREHOLE TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article ID INVERSION AB The ability of borehole temperature data to resolve past climatic events is investigated using Backus-Gilbert inversion methods. Two experimental approaches are considered: (1) the data consist of a single borehole temperature profile. and (2) the data consist of climatically-induced temperature transients measured within a borehole during a monitoring experiment. The sensitivity of the data's resolving power to the vertical distribution of the measurements, temperature measurement errors, the inclusion of a local meteorological record, and the duration of a monitoring experiment, are investigated. The results can be used to help interpret existing surface temperature histories derived from borehole temperature data and to optimize future experiments for the detection of climatic signals. RP CLOW, GD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 7 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 1992 VL 98 IS 2-4 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA KF799 UT WOS:A1992KF79900003 ER PT J AU MCCABE, GJ LEGATES, DR AF MCCABE, GJ LEGATES, DR TI GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL SIMULATIONS OF WINTER AND SUMMER SEA-LEVEL PRESSURES OVER NORTH-AMERICA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE; SYNOPTIC-SCALE CIRCULATION ID CLIMATE; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; PATTERNS; DROUGHT AB Temporal variability of synoptic-scale circulation is a dominant factor in regional temporal climate variations. In the mid-latitudes, temporal variability of synoptic-scale circulation has been found to be related to temporal variations in regional air temperature and precipitation. General circulation model (GCM) simulations of long-term changes in synoptic-scale circulation may be useful in assessing the effects of climate change on regional air temperature and precipitation. Atmospheric pressure is an important component of synoptic-scale circulation. In this paper, observed sea-level pressures were used to evaluate winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America simulated by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) general circulation models. The objective of the study is to determine how similar the spatial and temporal distributions of GCM-simulated daily sea-level pressures over North America are to observed distributions. Overall both models are better at reproducing observed within-season variance of winter and summer sea-level pressures than they are at simulating the magnitude of mean winter and summer sea-level pressures. Results indicate that winter sea-level pressures are better simulated by the GISS model than by the GFDL model. The GFDL model simulates anomalously high winter sea-level pressures over north-eastern North America. In summer, the GISS model underestimates sea-level pressures, whereas the GFDL model overestimates sea-level pressures over most of North America. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests indicate that much of the error in model simulations can be attributed to differences between simulated and observed means. Comparisons of spatial correlation matrices of observed and simulated sea-level pressures indicate that GCMs simulate spatial variability of sea-level pressures that is similar to observed. These results suggest that GCMs are able to simulate major components of synoptic-scale circulation over North America, especially for winter. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,COLL GEOSCI,DEPT GEOG,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP MCCABE, GJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 412,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 8 BP 815 EP 827 DI 10.1002/joc.3370120805 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KE098 UT WOS:A1992KE09800004 ER PT J AU RAM, JL FONG, P CROLL, RP NICHOLS, SJ WALL, D AF RAM, JL FONG, P CROLL, RP NICHOLS, SJ WALL, D TI THE ZEBRA MUSSEL (DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA), A NEW PEST IN NORTH-AMERICA - REPRODUCTIVE MECHANISMS AS POSSIBLE TARGETS OF CONTROL STRATEGIES SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION ( 6TH ICIR ) CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1992 CL UNIV DUBLIN, TRINITY COLL, DUBLIN, IRELAND SP INT SOC INVERTEBRATE REPROD HO UNIV DUBLIN, TRINITY COLL DE SEROTONIN; 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE; SPAWNING; ZEBRA MUSSEL; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; PHEROMONE ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PATINOPECTEN-YESSOENSIS; MYTILUS-CALIFORNIANUS; SEROTONIN; SCALLOP; PROSTAGLANDINS; TRIDACNIDAE; MONOAMINES; MATURATION; INDUCTION AB The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has spread rapidly in temperate fresh waters of North America since its introduction into the Great Lakes in 1985 or 1986. It attaches to hard substrates, forming layers, occluding water intakes, encrusting and killing native mussels, filtering algae in competition with other planktivores, and possibly interfering with fish spawning. It reproduces prolifically, suggesting that an approach to its control may be by controlling its reproduction. Previous literature suggests that spawning in bivalves is regulated by both environmental and internal chemical cues. A suggested sequence is that phytoplankton chemicals initially trigger spawning; chemicals associated with gametes provide a species-specific pheromonal positive feedback for spawning; and the response to environmental chemicals is mediated internally by serotonin (5-HT). The role of 5-HT in zebra mussels is under investigation. Both males and females can be induced to spawn by either injection or external application of 5-HT. The response can also be activated by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin, an agonist at 5-HT1A receptors. HPLC analysis has detected 5-HT as the major biogenic amine in both male and female gonads. 5-HT immunocytochemistry demonstrates nerves containing serotonergic fibers innervating gonads of both males and females, with prominent varicosities surrounding the follicles in both sexes. A role of 5-HT in mediating spawning responses in zebra mussels is thus strongly supported. These studies have shown that reproductive behavior of zebra mussels can be modified by outside chemicals, a property that may be exploited for purposes of control. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,HALIFAX B3H 4H7,NS,CANADA. RP RAM, JL (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL,DETROIT,MI 48201, USA. OI Croll, Roger/0000-0002-9846-0923 NR 41 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1080/07924259.1992.9672259 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA LK668 UT WOS:A1992LK66800012 ER PT J AU STUMPF, RP GOLDSCHMIDT, PM AF STUMPF, RP GOLDSCHMIDT, PM TI REMOTE-SENSING OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DISCHARGE INTO THE WESTERN GULF OF MAINE DURING THE APRIL 1987 100-YEAR FLOOD SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AVHRR; CONTINENTAL SHELF; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; PLUME AB In early April 1987, heavy rainfall produced record floods in several Maine rivers. The suspended sediment discharge into the western Gulf of Maine during this event was identified using NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from March 29 to April 14. The satellite images were processed to obtain water reflectances corrected for atmospheric interference. Sediment concentrations were estimated from the reflectances using relationships previously calibrated for other estuaries, owing to the lack of in situ data on such episodic events in Maine. The sediment plumes showed a westward movement upon reaching the Gulf of Maine. The remotely sensed observations indicate that 10(5) metric tons of fine-grained sediments were carried onto the continental shelf in the largest plume, that from the Kennebec-Androscoggin river system. RP STUMPF, RP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,600 4TH ST S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 218 EP 225 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA HB254 UT WOS:A1992HB25400018 ER PT J AU PATNODE, KA WHITE, DH AF PATNODE, KA WHITE, DH TI EFFECTS OF HABITAT ON AVIAN PRODUCTIVITY IN ABANDONED PECAN ORCHARDS IN SOUTHERN GEORGIA SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NESTING SUCCESS; COMMUNITIES; DEPREDATION; PREDATION; BIRDS; EDGE AB Daily survival rates (DSRs) of nests, eggs and nestlings were determined for Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura), Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis), Brown Thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) and Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos) occupying abandoned pecan orchards in a highly fragmented and intensively farmed area of southern Georgia. The effects of nest placement parameters, seasonal factors and habitat disruptions on DSRs for all species combined were statistically analyzed. Egg and nestling DSRs varied significantly by month of nesting, percent cover, vegetative form and position of nest in substrate. Causes of nest failure (no feldglings produced) in order of decreasing importance were predation by small mammals/snakes, avian predation, predation by large mammals and abandonment. Results provide further evidence that the importance of nest placement and habitat disruptions in nesting success is influenced by foraging strategies of the predator community. Site-specific predator/habitat complexes may be a more appropriate criterion than habitat conditions alone for evaluating avian nesting habitat. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA HE684 UT WOS:A1992HE68400012 ER PT J AU DEWEY, MR JENNINGS, CA AF DEWEY, MR JENNINGS, CA TI HABITAT USE BY LARVAL FISHES IN A BACKWATER LAKE OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Light traps were used to sample larval fishes in Lawrence Lake (Pool 8, upper Mississippi River) from late May through mid-August 1990. Catches differed considerably between vegetated sites and an adjacent open-water area and were highly variable among vegetated stations. Sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) dominated the vegetated sites. Brook silversides (Labidesthes sicculus), Cyprinidae and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) dominated catches at the open-water site. There was no difference in fish use of vegetated habitats near and far from the main channel of the Mississippi River. Taxonomic diversity was greatest at stations with emergent vegetation. RP DEWEY, MR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 11 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 363 EP 372 DI 10.1080/02705060.1992.9664706 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KD815 UT WOS:A1992KD81500003 ER PT J AU WOLCOTT, LT GRIFFITH, MB PERRY, SA PERRY, WB AF WOLCOTT, LT GRIFFITH, MB PERRY, SA PERRY, WB TI EVALUATION OF A PUMP CORE SAMPLER IN 2ND-ORDER STREAMS SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BENTHOS AB We evaluated the use of a pump/core sampler in shallow, rocky, second order streams in the Appalachian mountains of West Virginia. Estimated densities were higher when macroinvertebrates were collected with the pump/core sampler than with a Surber sampler. Dipterans accounted for most of the higher densities in pump/core samples. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP WOLCOTT, LT (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1080/02705060.1992.9664711 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KD815 UT WOS:A1992KD81500008 ER PT J AU LOOKABAUGH, PS ANGERMEIER, PL AF LOOKABAUGH, PS ANGERMEIER, PL TI DIET PATTERNS OF AMERICAN EEL, ANGUILA-ROSTRATA, IN THE JAMES RIVER DRAINAGE, VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We examined variation in the diet of inland American eels (Anquilla rostrata) over gradients of eel size, stream size, and physiography. Stomach contents of 367 eels from 21 streams from the James River drainage, Virginia were analyzed. Electrofished eels were grouped into three categories of total length (TL) (100 - 249 mm TL, 250 - 374 mm TL, > 374 mm TL), stream size (orders 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 78), and physiographic region (coastal plain, lower piedmont, upper piedmont). Overall, prey size increased with eel size. Aquatic insects were the major prey of small eels, whereas fish and crayfish were the major prey of large eels. The diet of medium size eels was intermediate between small and large sizes; aquatic insects predominated numerically and fish predominated by weight. Diet did not vary significantly with respect to stream size in the upper piedmont, the only region where we examined a stream size gradient. In both piedmont regions, aquatic insects were the most common prey of small and medium eels, whereas large eels consumed mostly fish and crayfish. In the coastal plain, microcrustaceans and aquatic insects were the major prey of small and medium eels, whereas large eels ate mostly crayfish. Consumption of fish was largely restricted to large eels from the upper piedmont and was not observed for any coastal plain eels. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP LOOKABAUGH, PS (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 7 IS 4 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1080/02705060.1992.9664712 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KD815 UT WOS:A1992KD81500009 ER PT J AU GRAUCH, RI KETTLER, RM AF GRAUCH, RI KETTLER, RM TI ABSTRACTS FROM THE 1991 ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE UNITED-STATES WORKING GROUP OF THE INTERNATIONAL-GEOLOGICAL-CORRELATION-PROGRAM-PROJECT NOT-EQUAL-254, METALLIFEROUS BLACK SHALES AND RELATED ORE-DEPOSITS, SAN-DIEGO, CA, OCTOBER 1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMISTRY C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT GEOL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP GRAUCH, RI (reprint author), USGS,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 46 IS 2 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(92)90080-R PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KF059 UT WOS:A1992KF05900004 ER PT J AU CORN, PS VERTUCCI, FA AF CORN, PS VERTUCCI, FA TI DESCRIPTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION ON ROCKY-MOUNTAIN AMPHIBIANS SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AMPHIBIAN DECLINES AND HABITAT ACIDIFICATION, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR THE STUDY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES AND THE HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE CY AUG 08, 1991 CL UNIVERSITY PARK, PA SP SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, HEPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE ID AMBYSTOMA SALAMANDERS; SULFATE DEPOSITION; ECOLOGICAL RISK; REGIONAL SCALE; UNITED-STATES; COLORADO; LAKES; ACIDIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; POPULATIONS AB We evaluated the risk of habitat acidification to the six species of amphibians that occur in the mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. Our evaluation included extrinsic environmental factors (habitat sensitivity and amount of acidic atmospheric deposition) and species-specific intrinsic factors (sensitivity to acid conditions, habitat preferences, and timing of breeding). Only one of 57 surveyed localities had both acid neutralizing capacity < 200 mueq/L and sulfate deposition > 10 kg/ha/yr, extrinsic conditions with a possible risk of acidification. Amphibian breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill amphibian embryos. Some species breed in high-elevation vernal pools during snowmelt, and an acidic purse during snowmelt may pose a risk to embryos of these species. However, the acidic pulse, if present, probably occurs before open water appears and before breeding begins. Although inherent variability of amphibian population size may make detection of declines from anthropogenic effects difficult, acidic deposition is unlikely to have caused the observed declines of Bufo boreas and Rana pipiens in Colorado and Wyoming. Amphibians in the Rocky Mountains are not likely to be at risk with acidification inputs at present levels. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP CORN, PS (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 56 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA MIAMI UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.2307/1565112 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KD179 UT WOS:A1992KD17900003 ER PT J AU WALTERS, RA FOREMAN, MGG AF WALTERS, RA FOREMAN, MGG TI A 3D, FINITE-ELEMENT MODEL FOR BAROCLINIC CIRCULATION ON THE VANCOUVER-ISLAND CONTINENTAL-SHELF SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the development and application of a 3-dimensional model of the barotropic and baroclinic circulation on the continental shelf west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A previous study with a 2D barotropic model and field data revealed that several tidal constituents have a significant baroclinic component (the KI in particular). Thus we embarked on another study with a 3D model to study the baroclinic effects on the residual and several selected tidal constituents. The 3D model uses a harmonic expansion in time and a finite element discretization in space. All nonlinear terms are retained, including quadratic bottom stress, advection and wave transport (continuity nonlinearity). The equations are solved as a global and a local problem, where the global problem is the solution of the wave equation formulation of the shallow water equations, and the local problem is the solution of the momentum equation for the vertical velocity profile. These equations are coupled to the advection-diffusion equation for density so that density gradient forcing is included in the momentum equations. However, the study presented here describes diagnostic calculations for the baroclinic residual circulation only. The model is sufficiently efficient that it encourages sensitivity testing with a large number of model runs. In this sense, the model is akin to an extension of analytical solutions to the domain of irregular geometry and bottom topography where this parameter space can be explored in some detail. In particular, the consequences of the sigma coordinate system used by the model are explored. Test cases using an idealized representation of the continental shelf, shelf break and shelf slope, lead to an estimation of the velocity errors caused by interpolation errors inherent in the sigma coordinate system. On the basis of these estimates, the computational grid used in the 2D model is found to have inadequate resolution. Thus a new grid is generated with increased accuracy in the region of the shelf break. However, even with increased resolution, spurious baroclinic circulation seaward of the shelf break and in the vicinity of Juan de Fuca canyon remained a significant problem when the pressure gradient terms were evaluated using the sigma coordinate system and using a realistic density profile. With the new grid, diagnostic calculations of the barotropic and baroclinic residual circulation are performed using forcing from the observed sigma(t) (density) field and from the gradient of this field. RP WALTERS, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,1201 PACIFIC AVE,SUITE 901,TACOMA,WA 98402, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 3 IS 6 BP 507 EP 518 DI 10.1016/0924-7963(92)90021-Y PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KN686 UT WOS:A1992KN68600006 ER PT J AU AUDET, DJ SCOTT, DS WIEMEYER, SN AF AUDET, DJ SCOTT, DS WIEMEYER, SN TI ORGANOCHLORINES AND MERCURY IN OSPREY EGGS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY; CONNECTICUT; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES AB Organochlorine and mercury concentrations were determined in Osprey eggs collected from Maryland, Virginia, and Massachusetts during 1986-87. DDE concentrations were significantly different among locations. Median DDE concentrations did not decline significantly in eggs from Glenn L. Martin National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland, between 1973 and 1986. The median DDE residue for eggs from Martin Refuge in 1986 surpassed the value associated with 10% eggshell thinning, but was below the value associated with production of 1.0 young per active nest, a level assumed to represent a stable population. DDD, DDT, dieldrin, PCB, and mercury residues in all eggs appeared insignificant with regard to potential effects on shell thickness or reproduction. DDE and PCB residues were lower in eggs collected in 1986-87 than in those collected in the 1970s for each area. DDD, DDT, and dieldrin were not detected in Martin Refuge eggs in 1986, representing a significant reduction since 1973. DDD, DDT, and dieldrin levels in Massachusetts and Virginia eggs in 1986-87 were similar to those in eggs from the 1970s for each state. Mercury residues in eggs from Martin Refuge may be increasing and although not significant in this study, may warrant future monitoring. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY PROGRAM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KH772 UT WOS:A1992KH77200002 ER PT J AU KROEL, KW ZWANK, PJ AF KROEL, KW ZWANK, PJ TI RENESTING OF MEXICAN SPOTTED OWL IN SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP KROEL, KW (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 267 EP 268 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KH772 UT WOS:A1992KH77200014 ER PT J AU FLOHR, MJK HUEBNER, JS AF FLOHR, MJK HUEBNER, JS TI MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF 2 METAMORPHOSED SEDIMENTARY MANGANESE DEPOSITS, SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, USA SO LITHOS LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS; LOW-GRADE METAMORPHISM; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; HYDROTHERMAL CONVECTION; FRANCISCAN ASSEMBLAGE; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; NORTH-CAROLINA; NEW-ZEALAND; BALD KNOB; ROCKS AB Laminated to massive rhodochrosite, hausmannite, and Mn-silicates from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine, Sierra Nevada, California were deposited as ocean floor sediments associated with chert and shale. The principal lithologies at Smith are chert, argillite, rhodochrosite-, hausmannite- and chlorite-rich layers, and relatively uncommon layers of jacobsite. The Manga-Chrome mine also contains layers rich in manganoan calcite and caryopilite. Tephroite, rhodonite, spessartine, and accessory alleghanyite and sonolite formed during metamorphism. Volcaniclastic components are present at Manga-Chrome as metavolcanic clasts and as Mn-poor, red, garnet- and hematite-rich layers. There is no evidence, such as relict lithologies, that Mn was introduced into Mn-poor lithologies such as chert, limestone or mudstone. Replacement of Mn-poor phases by Mn-rich phases is observed only in the groundmass of volcanic clasts that appear to have fallen into soft Mn-rich mud. Manganiferous samples from the Smith prospect and Manga-Chrome mine have high Mn/Fe and low concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, U, Th and the rare-earth elements that are similar to concentrations reported from other ancient Mn deposits found in chert-greenstone complexes and from manganiferous sediments and crusts that are forming near modem sea floor vents. The Sierra Nevada deposits formed as precipitates of Mn-rich sediments on the sea floor, probably from mixtures of circulating hydrothermal fluids and seawater. The composition of a metabasalt from the Smith prospect is consistent with those of island-arc tholeiites. Metavolcanic clasts from the Manga-Chrome mine are compositionally distinct from the Smith metabasalt and have alkaline to calc-alkaline affinities. A back-arc basin is considered to be the most likely paleoenvironment for the formation of the Mn-rich lenses at the Manga-Chrome mine and, by association, the Smith prospect. Layers of rhodochrosite, hausmannite and chert preserve the composition and some textures of the sedimentary protoliths at both Sierra Nevada deposits. Jacobsite-rich layers probably represent a Fe-rich protolith. Caryopilite and manganoan calcite represent additional protoliths at the Manga-Chrome mine. The metamorphic assemblage prehnite-chlorite-epidote-calcite in a metabasalt from the Smith prospect constrains regional metamorphic conditions to a maximum temperature of 325-degrees-C and a pressure of 2 kbar. Slightly higher temperatures are indicated by the presence of actinolite in another metabasalt. Compositions of Mn-rich minerals in Smith samples are consistent with these metamorphic conditions. RP FLOHR, MJK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 76 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD DEC PY 1992 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 85 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(92)90034-V PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA KF817 UT WOS:A1992KF81700004 ER PT J AU ECKELBARGER, KJ LARSON, R AF ECKELBARGER, KJ LARSON, R TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE OVARY AND OOGENESIS IN THE JELLYFISH LINUCHE-UNGUICULATA AND STOMOLOPHUS-MELEAGRIS, WITH A REVIEW OF OVARIAN STRUCTURE IN THE SCYPHOZOA SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTINIA-FRAGACEA; YOLK FORMATION; OOCYTE AB Ovarian structure and oogenesis has been examined in six scyphozoan species including the semaeostome Diplumularis antarctica Maas, 1908 (collected in 1987 in McMurdo Sound, Antarctic), the rhizostomes Cassiopea xamachana Bigelow, 1892 (collected in Belize in 1988), and Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz, 1862 (collected in Ft. Pierce Inlet in 1988), and the coronates Periphylla periphylla (Peron and Lesueur, 1810), Nausithoe atlantica Broch, 1914 (both collected in the Bahamas in 1988), and Linuche unguiculata (Schwartz, 1788) (collected in Nassau Harbor, Bahama Islands in 1989). Based on these findings and information on five other scyphozoan species from additional literature sources, at least two fundamentally different types of ovaries exist in the Scyphozoa. In semaeosotome and rhizostome species, oocytes develop in close association with specialized gastrodermal cells called trophocytes which may serve a nutritive function. However, coronate species lack trophocytes and oocytes develop freely in the mesoglea. The ovaries of S. meleagris and L. unguiculata are used as models to represent the ultrastructural events occurring during oogenesis in species having trophocytes and those lacking them, respectively. In both L. unguiculata and S. meleagris, the ovaries arise as evaginations of the gastrodermis in the floor of interradial pouches. Germ cells appear to originate from endodermally-derived gastrodermal cells and migrate into the mesoglea prior to vitellogenesis. In L. unguiculata, the oocytes develop freely within the mesoglea throughout vitellogenesis, while in S. meleagris each oocyte maintains contact with specialized gastrodermal cells called trophocytes. In the vitellogenic oocytes of both species, numerous invaginations of the oolemma result in the formation of intraooplasmic channels throughout the ooplasm. These channels are intimately associated with cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and may play some role in yolk precursor uptake by substantially increasing the surface area of the oocyte. Vitellogenesis is similar in both species and involves the autosynthetic activity of the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the heterosynthetic incorporation of yolk precursors through receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, in the oocytes of S. meleagris, the trophocytes probably play a role in the transfer of nutrients from the gastrovascular cavity to the oocyte. The present study suggests that scyphozoans were among the first metazoans to develop ovarian accessory cells during their reproductive evolution. The trophocyte-oocyte association observed in some scyphozoans is similar to but structurally less complex than the trophonema-oocyte association described from anthozoans. Scyphozoan ovarian morphology helps support the view that the Scyphozoa share a closer phylogenetic relationship with the Anthozoa than with the Hydrozoa. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT ANIM VET & AQUAT SCI,ORONO,ME 04469. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BRUNSWICK,GA 31520. RP ECKELBARGER, KJ (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DARLING MARINE CTR,WALPOLE,ME 04573, USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 114 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1007/BF00357260 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KB478 UT WOS:A1992KB47800012 ER PT J AU DOWSETT, HJ LOUBERE, P AF DOWSETT, HJ LOUBERE, P TI HIGH-RESOLUTION LATE PLIOCENE SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE RECORD FROM THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC-OCEAN SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT LEG-80; GOBAN SPUR REGION; HEMISPHERE GLACIATION; GRAPHIC CORRELATION; MIDDLE PLIOCENE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AB Application of quantitative micropaleontologic methods of sea-surface temperature (SST) estimation to the planktic foraminiferal faunas at Hole 548 in the northeast Atlantic between 3.5 and 2.0 Ma provide a detailed record of Pliocene surface temperature changes during the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation. SST estimates indicate a relatively warm interval of ''enhanced interglacials (warm peaks)'' between 3.2 and 2.8 Ma followed by steady cooling with a significant step-like change toward colder temperatures occurring about 2.4 Ma. This record compares well with faunal and SST records from other North Atlantic sites. C1 NO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT GEOL,DE KALB,IL 60115. RP DOWSETT, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 970,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0377-8398(92)90001-Z PG 15 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KG990 UT WOS:A1992KG99000001 ER PT J AU Dessauer, HC Gee, GF Rogers, JS AF Dessauer, Herbert C. Gee, George F. Rogers, James S. TI Allozyme Evidence for Crane Systematics and Polymorphisms within Populations of Sandhill, Sarus, Siberian, and Whooping Cranes SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article AB Electrophoretic analysis of proteins yielded evidence on the relationships of species of cranes and on genetic diversity within populations of some species. Diversity within the Greater Sandhill crane and a Florida population of the Florida Sandhill crane was similar to that of most other vertebrates, hut diversity was low in the Mississippi Sandhill crane, in the Okefenokee population of the Florida Sandhill crane, and within the Siberian and Sarus cranes. Diversity was surprisingly high among whooping cranes, whose number dropped to less than 25 early in this century. Phylogenetic analysis, using both character state and distance algorithms, yielded highly concordant trees for the 15 species. The African crowned cranes (Bafearica) were widely divergent from all other cranes. Species of Anthropoides, Bugeranus, and Grus clustered closely but sorted into two lineages: a Whooper Group consisted of the whooping, common, hooded, black-necked, white-naped, and red-crowned cranes of genus Grus; and a Sandhill Group included the Sandhill, Siberian, Sarus, and Brolga cranes of genus Grus, the wattled crane of genus Bugeranus, and the Demoiselle and blue cranes of genus Anthropoides. (C) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Dessauer, Herbert C.] Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. [Gee, George F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Endangered Species Res Branch, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Rogers, James S.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Biol Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dessauer, HC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70119 USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 1 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/1055-7903(92)90003-Y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA V10RN UT WOS:000207481200003 PM 1342943 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, DR AF HUTCHINSON, DR TI CONTINENTAL MARGINS - WINDOWS INTO EARTHS HISTORY SO OCEANUS LA English DT Article RP HUTCHINSON, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,FRAMEWORK STUDIES GRP,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST PI WOODS HOLE PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0029-8182 J9 OCEANUS JI Oceanus PD WIN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 34 EP 44 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KL777 UT WOS:A1992KL77700006 ER PT J AU PRICE, LC WENGER, LM AF PRICE, LC WENGER, LM TI THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE ON PETROLEUM GENERATION AND MATURATION AS SUGGESTED BY AQUEOUS PYROLYSIS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY : ADVANCES IN ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 1991 CY SEP 16-20, 1991 CL UNIV MANCHESTER, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV MANCHESTER DE PRESSURE; HYDROCARBON; GENERATION; MATURATION; DESTRUCTION; AQUEOUS-PYROLYSIS ID HYDROUS PYROLYSIS; VITRINITE; KEROGEN; MATTER; BASIN AB Because fluid pressures are transient in sedimentary basins over geologic time, the effect of increasing fluid pressure on organic-matter metamorphism is difficult to determine, and conflicting opinions exist concerning its influence. Properly-performed aqueous-pyrolysis experiments can closely simulate hydrocarbon generation and maturation in nature, and thus offer an excellent way to study the influence of pressure. Such experiments, carried out on the Retort Phosphatic Shale Member of the Lower Permian Phosphoria Formation (type II-S organic matter) at different constant temperatures, demonstrated that increasing pressure significantly retards all aspects of organic matter metamorphism, including hydrocarbon generation, maturation and thermal destruction. This conclusion results from detailed quantitative and qualitative analyses of all products from hydrocarbon generation, from the C1 to C4 hydrocarbon gases to the asphaltenes, and also from analyses of the reacted rocks. We have documented that our aqueous-pyrolysis experiments closely simulated natural hydrocarbon generation and maturation. Thus the data taken as a function of pressure have relevance to the influence of normal and abnormal fluid pressures as related to: 1) depths and temperatures of mainstage hydrocarbon generation; 2) the thermal destruction of deposits of gas or light oil, or their preservation to unexpectedly high maturation ranks; and 3) the persistence of measurable to moderate concentrations of C-15 + hydrocarbons in fine-grained rocks even to ultra-high maturation ranks. C1 EXXON PROD RES CO,HOUSTON,TX 77252. RP PRICE, LC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 940,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI 谭, 玉芳/I-8946-2014 NR 47 TC 84 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 19 IS 1-3 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(92)90033-T PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KG704 UT WOS:A1992KG70400013 ER PT J AU Clow, GD AF Clow, Gary D. TI The extent of temporal smearing in surface-temperature histories derived from borehole temperature measurements SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The ability of borehole temperature data to resolve past climatic events is investigated using Backus-Gilbert inversion methods. Two experimental approaches are considered: (1) the data consist of a single borehole temperature profile, and (2) the data consist of climatically-induced temperature transients measured within a borehole during a monitoring experiment. The sensitivity of the data's resolving power to the vertical distribution of the measurements, temperature measurement errors, the inclusion of a local meteorological record, and the duration of a monitoring experiment, are investigated. The results can be used to help interpret existing surface temperature histories derived from borebole temperature data and to optimize future experiments for the detection of climatic signals. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Clow, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 98 IS 2-4 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(92)90189-C PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA V43VY UT WOS:000202963800003 ER PT J AU FLEAGLE, JG YIRGA, S BOWN, TM RASMUSSEN, DT AF FLEAGLE, JG YIRGA, S BOWN, TM RASMUSSEN, DT TI FEJEJ, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA SO RESEARCH & EXPLORATION LA English DT Note C1 SUNY,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ANAT SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 17TH AND M STS NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8755-724X J9 RES EXPLOR JI Res. Explor. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LD398 UT WOS:A1992LD39800014 ER PT J AU HIGGINS, SS LARSEN, FE BENDEL, RB RADAMAKER, GK BASSMAN, JH BIDLAKE, WR ALWIR, A AF HIGGINS, SS LARSEN, FE BENDEL, RB RADAMAKER, GK BASSMAN, JH BIDLAKE, WR ALWIR, A TI COMPARATIVE GAS-EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF POTTED, GLASSHOUSE-GROWN ALMOND, APPLE, FIG, GRAPE, OLIVE, PEACH AND ASIAN PEAR SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE ADAPTATION; ALMOND; APPLE; ASIAN PEAR; FICUS-CARICA; FIG; GRAPE; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; MALUS X DOMESTICA; OLEA-EUROPAEA; OLIVE; PEACH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PRUNUS-AMYGDALUS; PRUNUS-PERSICA; PYRUS-SEROTINA; RESPIRATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TRANSPIRATION; VITIS-VINIFERA ID WATER RELATIONS; DIURNAL CHANGES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TREES; YOUNG; TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATION; CULTIVARS; ORCHARD; LEAVES AB Net photosynthesis (P(n)), dark respiration (R(d)), transpirational flux density (TFD) and leaf conductance (k(l)) on glasshouse-grown plants of almond, apple, fig, grape, olive, peach and Asian pear were examined under various laboratory environmental conditions. Grape and almond had the highest light-saturated photosynthetic rates, greater than 20 mumol CO2 m-2 s-1. Apple had the lowest temperature optimum for P(n), 20-degrees-C. Almond had the highest R(d) rate between 10 and 50-degrees-C, but grape had the highest Q10 for respiration, a value of 2.5. Apple, olive and grape stomata were most sensitive to the leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference. Apple had the greatest sensitivity of P(n) to the vapor pressure difference. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,STORRS,CT 06269. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCE SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. US GEOL SURVEY,TAMPA,FL 33634. UNIV JORDAN,FAC AGR,AMMAN,JORDAN. RP HIGGINS, SS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 47 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 52 IS 4 BP 313 EP 329 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(92)90032-8 PG 17 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KJ911 UT WOS:A1992KJ91100004 ER PT J AU DINGLER, JR HSU, SA REISS, TE AF DINGLER, JR HSU, SA REISS, TE TI THEORETICAL AND MEASURED AEOLIAN SAND TRANSPORT ON A BARRIER-ISLAND, LOUISIANA, USA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND; ENTRAINMENT; OVERWASH; SEDIMENT AB Over the past 100 years, the Isles Dernieres, a low lying barrier island chain along the coast of central Louisiana, USA, has undergone more than 1 km of northward beach face retreat with the loss of 70% of its surface area. The erosion results from a long term relative sea level rise coupled with day to day wind and wave action that ultimately favours erosion over deposition. At a site in the central Isles Dernieres, 8 days of wind and beach profile measurements during the passage of one winter cold front documented aeolian erosion and deposition patterns under both onshore and offshore winds. For offshore winds, the theoretical erosion rate, based on wind shear velocity, closely matched the measured erosion rate; for onshore winds, the theoretical rate matched the measured rate only after being corrected by a factor that accounted for beach face morphology. In late February 1989, a strong cold front moved into coastal Louisiana. That cold front stalled over the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in 4 days of strong northerly winds at a study site on the Isles Dernieres. During those 4 days, the wind moved sand from the backshore to the upper beach face. When the cold front finally moved out of the area, the wind shifted to the south and decreased in strength. The onshore wind then restored some of the upper beach face sand to the backshore while increased wave activity moved the rest into the nearshore. The theoretical estimate of 1.28 m3 m-1 for the rate of sand transport by the northerly wind compares well with the measured backshore erosion rate of 1.26 m3 m-1, which was determined by comparing beach profiles from the start and end of the period of northerly winds. The theoretical estimate of 0.04 m3 m-1 for the rate of sand transport by the southerly wind, however, is notably less than the measured rate of 0.45 m3 m-1. The large discrepancy between the two rates can be explained by a difference in the shear velocity of the wind between the beach face, where the erosion occurred, and the backshore, where the wind stress was measured. Using an empirical relationship for the wind shear drag coefficient as a function of coastal environment, the theoretical estimate for the rate of sand transport by the southerly wind becomes 0.44 m3 m-1. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,INST COASTAL STUDIES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP DINGLER, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1031 EP 1043 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1992.tb01995.x PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA KL742 UT WOS:A1992KL74200006 ER PT J AU TILL, AB AF TILL, AB TI DETRITAL BLUESCHIST-FACIES METAMORPHIC MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES IN EARLY CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF THE FORELAND BASIN OF THE BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR OROGENIC EVOLUTION SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NEW-ENGLAND; SEWARD PENINSULA; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; THRUST BELT; TERRANE; FLYSCH; ROCKS; FOLD AB Detrital metamorphic minerals found in the foreland basin of the Brooks Range were derived from blueschist-facies rocks that now occupy the range's metamorphic core. The metamorphic minerals occur in the Torok Formation and the Nanushuk Group; they are contained in sediments at least as old as middle Albian in age, and may have arrived earlier. The source of the minerals is the blueschist-facies schist belt, the structurally highest, more internal of two structurally and metamorphically distinct belts that occupy the metamorphic core of the Brooks Range. The blueschist facies rocks of the schist belt were exhumed between Late Jurassic and middle Albian time, during the major pulse of contractional deformation in the Brooks Range orogeny, rather than during late stage extensional collapse or postcontractional isostatic rebound, as suggested by other workers. The processes by which the blueschist-facies rocks were uplifted and denuded must have operated during contractional tectonism. Post peak metamorphic structures in the blueschist-facies rocks support their uplift by thrust systems; their unroofing apparently occurred by erosion and possibly by small scale extensional faulting. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP TILL, AB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 87 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1223 DI 10.1029/92TC01104 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KF829 UT WOS:A1992KF82900008 ER PT J AU KRABBENHOFT, DP BABIARZ, CL AF KRABBENHOFT, DP BABIARZ, CL TI THE ROLE OF GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT IN AQUATIC MERCURY CYCLING SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PRECIPITATION-DOMINATED LAKE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SULFATE REDUCTION; SUB-NANOGRAM; EXCHANGE; WATER; METHYLMERCURY; ACIDIFICATION; SEDIMENTS AB Mercury, which is transported globally by atmospheric pathways to remote aquatic environments, is a ubiquitous contaminant at very low (nanograms Hg per liter) aqueous concentrations. Until recently, however, analytical and sampling techniques were not available for freshwater systems to quantify the actual levels of mercury concentrations without introducing significant contamination artifacts. Four different sampling strategies were used to evaluate groundwater flow as a mercury source and transport mechanism within aquatic systems. The sampling strategies employ ultraclean techniques to determine mercury concentrations in groundwater and pore water near Pallette Lake, Wisconsin. Ambient groundwater concentrations are about 2-4 ng Hg L-1, whereas pore waters near the sediment/water interface average about 12 ng Hg L-1, emphasizing the importance of biogeochemical processes near the interface. Overall, the groundwater system removes about twice as much mercury (1.5 g yr-1) as it contributes (0.7 g yr-1) to Pallette Lake. About three fourths of the groundwater mercury load is recycled, thought to be derived from the water column. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WATER CHEM PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KRABBENHOFT, DP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 54 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 12 BP 3119 EP 3128 DI 10.1029/92WR01766 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KD067 UT WOS:A1992KD06700006 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, CA VOHS, PA DEWEY, MR AF JENNINGS, CA VOHS, PA DEWEY, MR TI CLASSIFICATION OF A WETLAND AREA ALONG THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER WITH AERIAL VIDEOGRAPHY SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE WETLAND CLASSIFICATION; AERIAL VIDEOGRAPHY; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; REMOTE SENSING AB We evaluated the use of aerial videography for classifying wetland habitats along the upper Mississippi River and found the prompt availability of habitat feature maps to be the major advantage of the video imagery technique. We successfully produced feature maps from digitized video images that generally agreed with the known distribution and areal coverages of the major habitat types independently identified and quantified with photointerpretation techniques. However, video images were not sufficiently detailed to allow us to consistently discriminate among the classes of aquatic macrophytes present or to quantify their areal coverage. Our inability to consistently distinguish among emergent, floating, and submergent macrophytes from the feature maps may have been related to the structural complexity of the site, to our limited vegetation sampling, and to limitations in video imagery. We expect that careful site selection (i.e., the desired level of resolution is available from video imagery) and additional vegetation samples (e.g., along a transect) will allow improved assignment of spectral values to specific plant types and enhance plant classification from feature maps produced from video imagery. RP JENNINGS, CA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF843 UT WOS:A1992KF84300003 ER PT J AU LESCHISIN, DA WILLIAMS, GL WELLER, MW AF LESCHISIN, DA WILLIAMS, GL WELLER, MW TI FACTORS AFFECTING WATERFOWL USE OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IN NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; BULLDOZED PONDS; WATERFOWL; MINNESOTA AB Waterfowl pair and brood use of constructed wetlands was evaluated during 1980-81 on 4 Wildlife Management Areas in northwestern Minnesota. Weekly ground counts of waterfowl were made at each of 109 wetlands during the April to mid-July nesting season and correlated with physical, vegetative, and limnological characteristics. The number of pairs of the 10 most common waterfowl species using the wetlands was 338 in 1980 and 239 in 1981, of which blue-winged teal (Anas discors) made up nearly half. Ducks used the constructed wetlands primarily during late May and early June. Eighteen habitat components were significantly correlated with pair numbers of 1 or more duck species. Wetlands with larger surface area and longer shoreline length had greater pair use by every duck species except gadwall (Anas strepera). Other physical parameters correlated with duck use included distance to nearby large impoundments, wetland density, and distance to nearest constructed wetland. RP LESCHISIN, DA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WAUBAY NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,WAUBAY,SD 57273, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 178 EP 183 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF843 UT WOS:A1992KF84300005 ER PT J AU WILCOX, DA MEEKER, JE AF WILCOX, DA MEEKER, JE TI IMPLICATIONS FOR FAUNAL HABITAT RELATED TO ALTERED MACROPHYTE STRUCTURE IN REGULATED LAKES IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC MACROPHYTES; STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY; FAUNAL HABITAT; WATER-LEVEL REGULATION; RESERVOIRS AB Water-level regulation has altered the plant species composition and thus the structure of nearshore aquatic macrophyte communities in two regulated lakes in northern Minnesota as compared with a nearby unregulated lake. Results of previous faunal studies in the regulated lakes were used as a basis for assessing the effects of vegetation changes on faunal communities. The unregulated lake with mean annual water-level fluctuations of 1.6 m supported structurally diverse plant communities and varied faunal habitat at all depths studied. Mean annual fluctuations on one regulated lake were reduced to 1.1 m, and dense beds of four erect aquatic macrophytes dominated the 1.75-m depth that was never dewatered. We suggest that this lack of plant diversity and structural complexity resulted in diminished habitat for invertebrates, reduced availability of invertebrates as food for waterbirds and fish, reduced winter food supplies for muskrats, and reduced feeding efficiency for adult northern pike, yellow perch, and muskellunge. Mean annual fluctuations in the other regulated lake were increased to 2.7 m, and rosette and mat-forming species dominated the 1.25-m depth that was affected by winter drawdowns. We suggest that the lack of larger canopy plants resulted in poor habitat for invertebrates, reduced availability of invertebrates as food for waterbirds and fish, and poor nursery and adult feeding habitat for many species of fish. In addition, the timing and extent of winter drawdowns reduced access to macrophytes as food for muskrats and as spawning habitat for northern pike and yellow perch. In regulated lakes throughout the world, indirect effects on aquatic fauna resulting from alteration of wetland and aquatic macrophyte communities should be considered when water-level management plans are developed. RP WILCOX, DA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 0 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 192 EP 203 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF843 UT WOS:A1992KF84300007 ER PT J AU MUSHET, DM EULISS, NH HARRIS, SW AF MUSHET, DM EULISS, NH HARRIS, SW TI EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION ON SEED PRODUCTION AND VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF 4 MOIST-SOIL PLANTS ON IMPOUNDED WETLANDS IN CALIFORNIA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE CALIFORNIA; GRASSES; HYDROPHYTES; IRRIGATION; MOIST-SOIL MANAGEMENT; SEED PRODUCTION; WETLANDS AB We examined the effects of irrigation on 4 moist-soil plants commonly managed for waterfowl in the Sacramento Valley, California. Irrigation resulted in taller and heavier swamp timothy (Heleochloa schoenoides), pricklegrass (Crypsis niliaca), and sprangletop (Leptochloa fasicularis). Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli) grew taller in irrigated wetlands, but no significant difference in weight was detected. Only sprangletop yielded larger seed masses in response to irrigation. Without irrigation, swamp timothy and pricklegrass assumed a typical prostrate growth form, but with irrigation, they assumed a vertical growth form. Irrigation did not significantly affect plant density. Because of rising water costs, wetland managers should consider wildlife management objectives and plant responses before implementing irrigation practices. RP MUSHET, DM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,6924 TREMONT RD,DIXON,CA 95620, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 3 BP 204 EP 207 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF843 UT WOS:A1992KF84300008 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, SM CROSS, RA PARAGI, TF KROHN, WB AF ARTHUR, SM CROSS, RA PARAGI, TF KROHN, WB TI PRECISION AND UTILITY OF CEMENTUM ANNULI FOR ESTIMATING AGES OF FISHERS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 MAINE DEPT INLAND FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,BANGOR,ME 04402. UNIV MAINE,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MAINE COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ORONO,ME 04469. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000008 ER PT J AU PARKHURST, JA BROOKS, RP ARNOLD, DE AF PARKHURST, JA BROOKS, RP ARNOLD, DE TI ASSESSMENT OF PREDATION AT TROUT HATCHERIES IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; HERONS; FISH C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIV PK,PA 16802. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PENNSYLVANIA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 411 EP 419 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000010 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, CA AF MITCHELL, CA TI WATER DEPTH PREDICTS REDHEAD DISTRIBUTION IN THE LOWER LAGUNA MADRE, TEXAS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000011 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, DM SMITH, DL AF RICHARDSON, DM SMITH, DL TI HARDWOOD REMOVAL IN RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER COLONIES USING A SHEAR V-BLADE SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CAVITIES RP RICHARDSON, DM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NOXUBEE NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,BROOKSVILLE,MS 39739, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 428 EP 433 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000014 ER PT J AU KROHN, WB AF KROHN, WB TI SEQUENCE OF HABITAT OCCUPANCY AND ABANDONMENT - POTENTIAL STANDARDS FOR TESTING HABITAT MODELS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; WILDLIFE HABITAT; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; CLASSIFICATION RATES; COMMUNITY; STABILITY; MAINE; BIAS RP UNIV MAINE, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, MAINE COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 441 EP 444 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000016 ER PT J AU SAMUEL, MD LOCKE, LN AF SAMUEL, MD LOCKE, LN TI MCDONALD,MALCOLM,E. 1915-1992 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Item About an Individual RP SAMUEL, MD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL HLTH RES CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA KG580 UT WOS:A1992KG58000021 ER PT J AU CLARK, WS BANKS, RC AF CLARK, WS BANKS, RC TI THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE WHITE-TAILED KITE SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB The White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) of the Americas has been merged with the Black-shouldered (or Black-winged) Kite (E. caeruleus) of the Old World and the Australian Black-shouldered Kite (E. axillaris) by North American authorities (but not elsewhere), primarily because of similarity in plumage. However, American kites differ from Old World kites in greater size and weight, in proportions (relatively longer tail and smaller bill and feet), plumage pattern (particularly of juveniles), and in behavior. Here we argue that these characters are sufficiently distinctive to warrant recognition of E. leucurus at the species level. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 104 IS 4 BP 571 EP & PG 0 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KH819 UT WOS:A1992KH81900001 ER PT J AU KANEMASU, ET VERMA, SB SMITH, EA FRITSCHEN, LJ WESELY, M FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP WEAVER, H STEWART, JB GURNEY, R PANIN, G MONCRIEFF, JB AF KANEMASU, ET VERMA, SB SMITH, EA FRITSCHEN, LJ WESELY, M FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP WEAVER, H STEWART, JB GURNEY, R PANIN, G MONCRIEFF, JB TI SURFACE FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN FIFE - AN OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; RADIATION; BALANCE AB In 1987 the Surface Flux Group of the first ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) operated 22 stations at 20 sites. In 1989, 13 sites were instrumented. A variety of sensors were employed to calculate the fluxes of mass and energy. An effort was made throughout the FIFE campaign to compare sensors. A series of papers in this special issue present these group studies and efforts. These papers principally report the 1987 campaign, although two papers report station intercomparison during 1989. Additional papers examine the time-space variability of heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes, as well as analyses of the properties of the CO2 fluxes and their relationships to water stress. In this overview paper we describe the basic methodologies of the measurements, provide details on the sensor systems used by members of the Surface Flux Group, and provide a summary of the flux articles appearing in this special issue. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307. UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19717. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80201. UK INST HYDROL,WALLINGFORD,ENGLAND. UNIV READING,READING RG6 2AH,BERKS,ENGLAND. ACAD SCI,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,MOSCOW,USSR. UNIV EDINBURGH,INST ECOL & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,EDINBURGH EH8 9YL,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. RP KANEMASU, ET (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. RI Panin, Gennadiy/P-6227-2014 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18547 EP 18555 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000018 ER PT J AU SMITH, EA HSU, AY CROSSON, WL FIELD, RT FRITSCHEN, LJ GURNEY, RJ KANEMASU, ET KUSTAS, WP NIE, D SHUTTLEWORTH, WJ STEWART, JB VERMA, SB WEAVER, HL WESELY, ML AF SMITH, EA HSU, AY CROSSON, WL FIELD, RT FRITSCHEN, LJ GURNEY, RJ KANEMASU, ET KUSTAS, WP NIE, D SHUTTLEWORTH, WJ STEWART, JB VERMA, SB WEAVER, HL WESELY, ML TI AREA-AVERAGED SURFACE FLUXES AND THEIR TIME-SPACE VARIABILITY OVER THE FIFE EXPERIMENTAL DOMAIN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ENERGY BUDGET MICROCLIMATES; DEEP VALLEY RADIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IMPACT; SOIL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CIRCULATIONS; BALANCE; HEAT AB The underlying mean and variance properties of surface net radiation, soil heat flux, and sensible-latent heat fluxes are examined over the densely instrumented grassland region encompassing the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE). Twenty-two surface flux stations at 20 sites were deployed during the four 1987 intensive field campaigns (IFCs). Flux variability is addressed together with the problem of scaling up to area-averaged fluxes. Successful parameterization of area-averaged fluxes in atmospheric models is based on accounting for internal spatial and temporal scales correctly. Mean and variance properties of fluxes are examined in both daily and diurnally averaged frameworks. Results are compared and contrasted for clear and cloudy situations and checked for the influence of surface-induced biophysical controls (burn and grazing treatments) and topographic controls (slope factors and aspect ratios). Examination of the sensitivity of domain-averaged fluxes to different averaging procedures demonstrates that this may be an important consideration. The results reveal six key features of the 1987 surface fluxes: (1) cloudiness variability and ample rainfall throughout the growing season led to near-consistency in flux magnitudes during the first three IFCs; (2) burn treatment, grazing conditions, and topography have clearly delineated influences on the diurnal cycle flux amplitudes but do not alter the evaporative fraction significantly; (3) cloudiness is the major control on flux variability in terms of both mean and variance properties but has little impact on the Bowen ratio or evaporative fraction; (4) spatial weighting of fluxes based on a biophysical-topographical cross stratification generates a measurable bias with respect to straight arithmetic averaging (up to 20 W m-2 in available heating); (5) structure function analysis demonstrates significant underlying spatial autocorrelation structure in the fluxes, but the observed distance dependence is due to cloudiness controls, not surface controls; (6) Monte Carlo analysis of high resolution vegetation indices obtained from SPOT satellite measurements suggest that the mean domain amplitudes of the diurnal sensible and latent heat flux cycles can be biased up to 30-40 W m-2 by repositioning the 20 site locations within the experimental domain. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV, SUPERCOMP COMPUTAT RES INST, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. UNIV DELAWARE, COLL MARINE, NEWARK, DE 19718 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, COLL FOREST RESOURCES, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, EVAPOTRANSPIRAT LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. INST HYDROL, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, OXON, ENGLAND. UNIV NEBRASKA, CTR AGR METEOROL & CLIMATOL, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM RES, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RP SMITH, EA (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT METEOROL, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. NR 45 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18599 EP 18622 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000021 ER PT J AU NIE, D KANEMASU, ET FRITSCHEN, LJ WEAVER, HL SMITH, EA VERMA, SB FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP STEWART, JB AF NIE, D KANEMASU, ET FRITSCHEN, LJ WEAVER, HL SMITH, EA VERMA, SB FIELD, RT KUSTAS, WP STEWART, JB TI AN INTERCOMPARISON OF SURFACE-ENERGY FLUX MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS USED DURING FIFE 1987 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB During FIFE 1987, surface energy fluxes were measured at 22 flux sites by nine groups of scientists using different measuring systems. A rover Bowen ratio station was taken to 20 of the flux stations to serve as a reference for estimating the instrument-related differences. The rover system was installed within a few meters from the host instrument of a site. Using linear regression analysis, net radiation, Bowen ratio, and latent heat fluxes were compared between the rover measurements and the host measurements. The average differences in net radiation, Bowen ratio, and latent heat flux from different types of instruments can be up to 10, 30, and 20%, respectively. The Didcot net radiometer gave higher net radiation while the Swissteco type showed lower values, as compared to the corrected radiation energy balance system (REBS) model. The four-way components method and the Thornthwaite type give similar values to the REBS. The surface energy radiation balance systems type Bowen ratio systems exhibit slightly lower Bowen ratios and thus higher latent heat fluxes, compared to the arid zone evapotranspiration systems. Eddy correlation systems showed slightly lower latent heat flux in comparison to the Bowen ratio systems. It is recommended that users of the flux data take these differences into account. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL & CLIMATOL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19718. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST HYDROL,WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB,OXON,ENGLAND. RP NIE, D (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 11 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D17 BP 18715 EP 18724 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC520 UT WOS:A1992KC52000030 ER PT J AU PROMISLOW, DEL MONTGOMERIE, R MARTIN, TE AF PROMISLOW, DEL MONTGOMERIE, R MARTIN, TE TI MORTALITY COSTS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN BIRDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MALE MATE CHOICE; COLOR PATTERNS; UNPROFITABLE PREY; MATING SYSTEMS; SELECTION; EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTION; MAMMALS; COMPETITION; PLUMAGE AB Sexually selected traits provide a mating advantage to the bearer but they should also exact a cost through natural selection. Whereas the mating benefits from such traits have been well documented, the costs have been difficult to demonstrate. In this analysis of mortality patterns across 28 North American passerine bird species, we show that sex-biased mortality (log10 male mortality - log10 female mortality) is positively correlated with both sexual size dimorphism and male plumage brightness. Male (but not female) mortality is positively correlated with sexual size dimorphism, suggesting a cost to male-male competition. Female (but not male) mortality is negatively correlated with male brightness, and we argue from this that the evolution of male brightness has been constrained by mortality costs. Thus sexual dimorphism in body size and plumage colour within bird species appears to be influenced by the opposing forces of sexual selection, acting to increase dimorphism, and adult mortality rates, which constrain the evolution of these traits. Differences in the expression of ornamental traits across species may be explained not only by variation in the mating benefits that accrue from ornaments, as is so often assumed, but also by variation in the costs of these traits. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ARKANSAS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. RP PROMISLOW, DEL (reprint author), QUEENS UNIV, DEPT BIOL, KINGSTON K7L 3N6, ONTARIO, CANADA. RI Montgomerie, Robert/C-6516-2008; Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Montgomerie, Robert/0000-0003-4701-4525; Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 67 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 23 PY 1992 VL 250 IS 1328 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1098/rspb.1992.0142 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA KB193 UT WOS:A1992KB19300008 ER PT J AU KANAMORI, H THIO, HK DREGER, D HAUKSSON, E HEATON, T AF KANAMORI, H THIO, HK DREGER, D HAUKSSON, E HEATON, T TI INITIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LANDERS, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE OF 28 JUNE 1992 USING TERRASCOPE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The 1992 Landers earthquake (M(S)=7.5, M(w)=7.3) was recorded at six TERRAscope stations in southern California. Peak accelerations ranged from 0.16 g at SVD (DELTA=63 km) to 0.0092 g at ISA (DELTA=245 km), decreasing with distance away from the fault zone. The peak velocity showed a different pattern reflecting the rupture directivity from south to north. The largest peak velocity, 19 cm/sec, was observed at GSC (DELTA=125 km). Moment tensor inversion of long-period surface waves yielded a mechanism with M0=1.1x10(27) dyne-cm (M(w)=7.3), dip=74-degrees, rake=-176-degrees, and strike=340-degrees. Inversion of teleseismic P and S waves revealed two distinct sub-events of 6 and 8 sec duration and about 10 sec apart. The source parameters for the first and second events are: M0=1.9x10(26) dyne-cm, dip=83-degrees, rake=179-degrees, strike=359-degrees; and M0=6.1x10(26) dyne-cm, dip=87-degrees, rake=178-degrees, strike=333-degrees, respectively. The radiated wave energy, Es, was estimated as 4.3x10(23) ergs. The ratio E(S)/M0=3.9x10(-4) corresponds to a stress drop of 280 bars, and suggests that the Landers earthquake belongs to the group of high stress drop earthquakes, and occurred on a fault with a long recurrence time. The rupture directivity can be seen clearly in the records from PFO (DELTA=68 km) located to the south and GSC located to the north of the epicenter. The maximum displacement at PFO is only 13% of that at GSC despite the shorter epicentral distance to PFO than to GSC. The slip distribution determined with the empirical Green's function method indicates that the Landers earthquake consists of two distinct sub-events about 30 km apart, with the second sub-event to the north being about twice as large as the first one. This slip distribution is consistent with the teleseismic data and the surface offsets mapped in the field. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP KANAMORI, H (reprint author), CALTECH,SEISMOL LAB,252-21,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. OI Hauksson, Egill/0000-0002-6834-5051 NR 11 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 22 BP 2267 EP 2270 DI 10.1029/92GL02320 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KA015 UT WOS:A1992KA01500021 ER PT J AU STEIN, RS KING, GCP LIN, J AF STEIN, RS KING, GCP LIN, J TI CHANGE IN FAILURE STRESS ON THE SOUTHERN SAN-ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM CAUSED BY THE 1992 MAGNITUDE = 7.4 LANDER EARTHQUAKE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 1987 SUPERSTITION HILLS; NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; 24 NOVEMBER 1987; EASTERN CALIFORNIA; RUPTURE HISTORY; SHEAR ZONE; JULY 1986; SEQUENCE; VALLEY; MECHANISMS AB The 28 June Landers earthquake brought the San Andreas fault significantly closer to failure near San Bernardino, a site that has not sustained a large shock since 1812. Stress also increased on the San Jacinto fault near San Bernardino and on the San Andreas fault southeast of Palm Springs. Unless creep or moderate earthquakes relieve these stress changes, the next great earthquake on the southern San Andreas fault is likely to be advanced by one to two decades. In contrast, stress on the San Andreas north of Los Angeles dropped, potentially delaying the next great earthquake there by 2 to 10 years. C1 INST PHYS GLOBE STRASBOURG, F-67084 STRASBOURG, FRANCE. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MAIL STOP 977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 47 TC 358 Z9 396 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 20 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5086 BP 1328 EP 1332 DI 10.1126/science.258.5086.1328 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JY958 UT WOS:A1992JY95800028 PM 17778356 ER PT J AU HARRIS, RA SIMPSON, RW AF HARRIS, RA SIMPSON, RW TI CHANGES IN STATIC STRESS ON SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FAULTS AFTER THE 1992 LANDER EARTHQUAKE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; STRIKE-SLIP; SEQUENCE; VALLEY; HILLS; ZONE AB THE magnitude 7.5 Landers earthquake of 28 June 1992 was the largest earthquake to strike California in 40 years. The slip that occurs in such an earthquake would be expected to induce large changes in the static stress on neighbouring faults; these changes in stress should in turn affect the likelihood of future earthquakes. Stress changes that load faults towards failure have been cited as the cause of small1-5, moderate6 and large7 earthquakes; conversely, those that relax neighbouring faults have been related to a decrease in seismicity5. Here we use an elastic half-space model8 to estimate the stress changes produced by the Landers earthquake on selected southern California faults, including the San Andreas. We find that the estimated stress changes are consistent with the triggering of four out of the five aftershocks with magnitude greater than 4.5, and that the largest changes (1-10 bar), occurring on part of the San Bernardino segment of the San Andreas fault, may have decreased the time to the next magnitude 8 earthquake by about 14 years. RP HARRIS, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013 OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768 NR 23 TC 176 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 5 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 19 PY 1992 VL 360 IS 6401 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1038/360251a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JY960 UT WOS:A1992JY96000048 ER PT J AU RUMSEY, GL WINFREE, RA HUGHES, SG AF RUMSEY, GL WINFREE, RA HUGHES, SG TI NUTRITIONAL-VALUE OF DIETARY NUCLEIC-ACIDS AND PURINE-BASES TO RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CELL-PROTEINS; BREWERS DRIED YEAST; PLANT FOODS; AMINO-ACID; NITROGEN; RNA; PYRIMIDINES; URICASE; TISSUES; GROWTH AB Rainbow trout were fed diets with graded levels (0.6%, 1.6%, 2.5%, and 4.1%) of a yeast nucLeic acid extract corresponding to dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae levels of 7.5%, 20%, 30% and 50% or diets supplemented isonitrogenously (0.8% N) with free purines (adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine) in two 12-week studies. Fish fed increasing levels of yeast extract manifested significant (P < 0.05) corresponding incremental increases in growth and nitrogen retention. No negative effects on feed intake were observed. When fish were fed supplemental free purines, adenine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of feed intake and growth. While supplementation with the remaining purines did not negatively affect feed intake or growth, carcass nitrogen retention was significantly depressed, indicating the lack of a nitrogen-sparing effect. Our results indicate that the nutritional significance of free dietary adenine versus nucleic acid-bound adenine in yeast or yeast nucleic acid is an important consideration in evaluating the suitability of single cell proteins in fish feed formulations. RP RUMSEY, GL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,3075 GRACIE RD,CORTLAND,NY 13045, USA. NR 44 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 15 PY 1992 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90321-B PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JY202 UT WOS:A1992JY20200008 ER PT J AU DOWSETT, HJ CRONIN, TM POORE, RZ THOMPSON, RS WHATLEY, RC WOOD, AM AF DOWSETT, HJ CRONIN, TM POORE, RZ THOMPSON, RS WHATLEY, RC WOOD, AM TI MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR INCREASED MERIDIONAL HEAT-TRANSPORT IN THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN DURING THE PLIOCENE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; COASTAL-PLAIN; SEA-LEVEL; GLACIAL HISTORY; CLIMATE; RECORD; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITS; EUROPE AB The Middle Pliocene (approximately 3 million years ago) has been identified as the last time the Earth was significantly warmer than it was during the Last Interglacial and Holocene. A quantitative micropaleontological paleotemperature transect from equator to high latitudes in the North Atlantic indicates that Middle Pliocene warmth involved increased meridional oceanic heat transport. C1 UNIV COLL WALES,ABERYSTWYTH SY23 3DB,DYFED,WALES. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP DOWSETT, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Dowsett, Harry/0000-0003-1983-7524 NR 39 TC 147 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 13 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5085 BP 1133 EP 1135 DI 10.1126/science.258.5085.1133 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JX852 UT WOS:A1992JX85200026 PM 17789085 ER PT J AU SIMON, NS HATCHER, SA DEMAS, C AF SIMON, NS HATCHER, SA DEMAS, C TI COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC-CARBON AND EXTRACTION OF CHROMIUM, IRON AND MANGANESE FROM AN ESTUARINE SEDIMENT STANDARD AND SEDIMENT FROM THE CALCASIEU RIVER ESTUARY, LOUISIANA, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYROPHOSPHATE EXTRACTS; CHEMICAL-FRACTIONS; MINERAL-MATTER; TRACE-METALS; DISSOLUTION; COALS AB U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) estuarine sediment 1646 from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, and surface sediment collected at two sites in the Calcasieu River estuary, Louisiana, were used to evaluate the dilute hydrochloric acid extraction of Cr, Fe and Mn from air-dried and freeze-dried samples that had been treated by one of three methods to remove organic carbon. The three methods for the oxidation and removal of organic carbon were: (1) 30% hydrogen peroxide; (2) 30% hydrogen peroxide plus 0.25 mM pyrophosphate; and (3) plasma oxidation (low-temperature ashing). There was no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between air- and freeze-dried samples with respect to the percent of organic carbon removed by the three methods. Generally, there was no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between air- and freeze-dried samples with respect to the concentration of Cr, Fe and Mn that was extracted, regardless of the extraction technique that was used. Hydrogen peroxide plus pyrophosphate removed the most organic carbon from sediment collected at the site in the Calcasieu River that was upstream from industrial outfalls. Plasma oxidation removed the most organic carbon from the sediment collected at a site in the Calcasieu River close to industrial outfalls and from the NBS estuarine sediment sample. Plasma oxidation merits further study as a treatment for removal of organic carbon. Operational parameters can be chosen to limit the plasma oxidation of pyrite which, unlike other Fe species, will not be dissolved by dilute hydrochloric acid. Preservation of pyrite allows the positive identification of Fe present as pyrite in sediments. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70896. RP SIMON, NS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,MAIL STOP 432,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD NOV 10 PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90111-H PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JZ556 UT WOS:A1992JZ55600002 ER PT J AU BOL, AJ COE, RS GROMME, CS HILLHOUSE, JW AF BOL, AJ COE, RS GROMME, CS HILLHOUSE, JW TI PALEOMAGNETISM OF THE RESURRECTION PENINSULA, ALASKA - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TECTONICS OF SOUTHERN ALASKA AND THE KULA-FARALLON RIDGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DENALI FAULT SYSTEM; PRINCE-WILLIAM TERRANE; EOCENE VOLCANIC-ROCKS; SEA DRILLING PROJECT; NORTH-AMERICA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOLD TEST; PLATE; EVOLUTION; ROTATION AB The rocks of the Resurrection Peninsula compose an ophiolite (57 +/- 1 Ma) within the vast accretionary prism of the Chugach-Prince William terrane. Paleomagnetic data from pillow basalt and sheeted dikes of the ophiolite yield a mean paleolatitude of 54-degrees +/- 7-degrees, which implies 13 +/- 9-degrees of poleward displacement. The characteristic component of the remanence resides in a Ti-poor titanomagnetite with a blocking temperature close to 580-degrees-C. A positive fold test and the petrology of the magnetic minerals lead us to conclude that the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) in the sheeted dikes originated as a primary thermoremanent magnetization (TRM). We hypothesize that the ChRM of the pillow basalt originated as a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) acquired soon after formation of the rocks during hydrothermal metamorphism. Structural data indicate polyphase deformation with folding about vertical and horizontal axes. The paleomagnetic data pass a fold test only when we incorporate this interpretation in our structural correction. Geologic relationships lead us to interpret the Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite as a fragment of the extinct Kula-Farallon ridge that accreted to the Chugach-Prince William terrane soon after formation. The paleomagnetic paleolatitude indicates that the ridge intersected the North American continental margin in the vicinity of northern Washington in late Paleocene time. The paleostrike of the sheeted dikes (N26-degrees-E +/- 12-degrees) shows that the ridge trended NNE. According to current plate tectonic models, if the Chugach-Prince William terrane moved north with the full coastwise displacement of the Kula plate, the Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite would have arrived at its present position at 45 Ma. This age is perhaps slightly later than that of the terranes that lay immediately inboard (Peninsular and Wrangellia terranes), indicating some relative displacement between those terranes and the Chugach-Prince William terrane. Such displacement, in tum, agrees with studies which imply a Coast plutonic-metamorphic complex provenance for the Chugach-Prince William terrane. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,EARTH SCI BOARD STUDIES,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 89 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B12 BP 17213 EP 17232 DI 10.1029/92JB01292 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JY189 UT WOS:A1992JY18900001 ER PT J AU CAMERON, KL ROBINSON, JV NIEMEYER, S NIMZ, GJ KUENTZ, DC HARMON, RS BOHLEN, SR COLLERSON, KD AF CAMERON, KL ROBINSON, JV NIEMEYER, S NIMZ, GJ KUENTZ, DC HARMON, RS BOHLEN, SR COLLERSON, KD TI CONTRASTING STYLES OF PRE-CENOZOIC AND MIDTERTIARY CRUSTAL EVOLUTION IN NORTHERN MEXICO - EVIDENCE FROM DEEP CRUSTAL XENOLITHS FROM LA-OLIVINA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENT; MIDTERTIARY FELSIC VOLCANICS; SR ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; GARNET-ORTHOPYROXENE; SKAERGAARD INTRUSION; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; MAFIC XENOLITHS; MANTLE BOUNDARY; CENTRAL ARIZONA AB The principal deep crustal rock types found at the La Olivina xenolith locality in southeastern Chihuahua, Mexico, are mafic granulites, paragneisses, and intermediate- to silicic-composition orthogneisses. These granulite facies xenoliths are interpreted in terms of two age groups, pre-Cenozoic and mid-Tertiary, based on previous ion probe dating of zircons from the xenoliths and on isotopic comparisons of the xenoliths to rocks of known age. The mafic granulites have Pb, Nd, and Sr isotopic compositions identical to those of Oligocene volcanic rocks from the La Olivina region. Compositionally, they are olivine-normative gabbroic cumulates, and they precipitated from two or more mid-Tertiary basalt to dacite or rhyolite assimilation/fractional crystallization series. Mineral assemblages in the xenoliths record pressures of less-than-or-equal-to 7.2 kbar or depths of <25 km. If these are the maximum pressures the rocks experienced and if the crust was >35 km thick in Oligocene time as inferred from regional tectonic considerations, then the mafic granulites cannot be samples of basaltic magmas underplated near the crust-mantle boundary. The cumulate protoliths for the mafic granulites probably formed in magma chambers well above the Moho. The mafic granulites are plausibly representative of kilometers of new crust that formed in mid-Tertiary time beneath the extensive ignimbrite fields of Mexico. Most orthogneiss xenoliths are pre-Cenozoic, and they are rocks associated with the late Paleozoic Ouachita Orogeny and older events (e.g., Proterozoic basement and Paleozoic arc rocks). The Ouachita Orogeny was a collision event involving North America and a continental plate to the south, and the results of this study indicate that La Olivina is located above the southern plate. The paragneiss xenoliths overlap in isotopic composition with Carboniferous flysch units exposed in the Marathon uplift of west Texas. These sedimentary rocks and the sedimentary protoliths of the paragneiss xenoliths were derived from the southern plate and deposited before the orogeny in the ocean basin that separated North America and the southern plate. The paragneisses were not metamorphosed to granulite facies until mid-Tertiary time. Pre-Cenozoic and mid-Tertiary crustal evolution followed very different paths in northern Mexico. For example, Nd isotopic evidence for crustal recycling is much more evident in rocks associated with the Paleozoic convergence than in rocks produced during mid-Tertiary magmatism, Furthermore, mafic rocks are very rare in the pre-Cenozoic xenolith suite, but they dominate the mid-Tertiary one. These contrasting characteristics of the pre-Cenozoic and mid-Tertiary xenolith suites are interpreted to reflect differences in tectonic environment and crustal thickness. Preceding the collision event, the southern plate had an Andean-type margin, and the abundant evidence for crustal recycling during this time implies that the crust was thick. The rarity of pre-Cenozoic mafic xenoliths suggests that Proterozoic and Paleozoic lower crust may have delaminated in response to crustal overthickening associated with the Ouachita collision event. C1 NERC, ISOTOPE GEOSCI LAB, KEYWORTH NG12 5GG, ENGLAND. FUGRO MCCLELLAND W INC, SACRAMENTO, CA 95815 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. UNIV QUEENSLAND, DEPT EARTH SCI, ST LUCIA, QLD 4067, AUSTRALIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RP CAMERON, KL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, BOARD EARTH SCI, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. NR 95 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B12 BP 17353 EP 17376 DI 10.1029/92JB01493 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JY189 UT WOS:A1992JY18900009 ER PT J AU HUGHES, S LUETGERT, JH AF HUGHES, S LUETGERT, JH TI CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN GRENVILLE PROVINCE, NORTHERN NEW-YORK-STATE AND EASTERN ONTARIO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIONAL WAVE VELOCITIES; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ROCKS; GRANULITE; CONSTRAINTS; PRESSURES; EVOLUTION; AGE AB The Grenville province exposes an oblique cross section through mid-lower crustal lithologies that were pervasively deformed and subjected to regional thermal overprinting during the Grenvillian orogeny (1.1 Ga). The southeastern Grenville province is divided into two subterranes by the Carthage-Colton mylonite zone, a 110-km-long lineament characterized by intense ductile shear and igneous intrusion, which separates the amphibolite facies metasediments of the Central Metasedimentary Belt to the west from the granulite facies metaplutonics of the Central Granulite Terrane to the east. The recognition of distinct lithotectonic domains separated by zones of intense ductile shear in the Grenville province raises questions concerning the deep structure of these subterranes and, in particular, the means by which the mid-lower crustal rocks exposed in the Grenville province were emplaced. Seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data were acquired to investigate the deep structural interrelationships within the southeastern Grenville province. A travel time inversion for velocity and interface depth was applied to the seismic data, together with constraints from amplitude modeling to produce a seismic velocity model of the crust in the southeastern Grenville province. In the Central Metasedimentary Belt the upper crust is characterized by velocities in the range 6.3-6.4 km/s and a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 +/- 0.01 which are attributed to quartzofeldspathic rocks. Farther east in the Central Granulite Terrane, upper crustal velocities of 6.55 km/s and a Poisson's ratio of 0.28 +/-0.01 are associated with the Marcy Anorthosite. The seismic homogeneity of the upper crust in the region of the Carthage-Colton mylonite zone suggests that this boundary is a shallow feature, limited to the upper 2-3 km of the crust. The deep crustal structure of the southeastern Grenville province is characterized by two discrete and laterally discontinuous seismic interfaces. In the Central Metasedimentary Belt the top of the lower crust is delineated by an eastward dipping interface at 24-28 km depth. In the Central Granulite Terrane, prominent en echelon reflections, referred to as the Tahawus complex, form a gently arched dome at 17-22 km depth. Interpretation of the Tahawus complex as a zone of layered mafic cumulates is supported by its high velocity (7.1 km/s) and Poisson's ratio (0.27 +/- 0.02). The lower crust is characterized by a velocity of 7.0-7.2 km/s and an anomalously high Poisson's ratio of 0.30 +/- 0.02, which are representative of pyroxene-garnet granulites. In contrast, velocities of 6.8-7.0 km/s are modeled beneath the Central Granulite Terrane and appear to signify a lateral change in composition. The Moho lies at 44-45 km depth and is characterized by pronounced en echelon reflection segments, suggesting compositional interlayering around the crust-mantle boundary. The velocity of the upper mantle is 8.0-8.2 km/s. An anomalous upper mantle layer with a reversed velocity of 8.6 km/s dips eastward from 50 to 60 km depth beneath the southeastern Grenville province. Our results indicate that remnants of magmatic intrusions that mobilized and thickened the crust during the Grenvillian orogeny are preserved in the mid-lower crust as a layered cumulate body (Tahawus complex) and in the upper mantle as an eclogitic lens. possibly delaminated from the overthickened crust during uplift of the southeastern Grenville province. RP HUGHES, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD NOV 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B12 BP 17455 EP 17479 DI 10.1029/92JB01793 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JY189 UT WOS:A1992JY18900017 ER PT J AU GOLOMBEK, MP BANERDT, WB TANAKA, KL TRALLI, DM AF GOLOMBEK, MP BANERDT, WB TANAKA, KL TRALLI, DM TI A PREDICTION OF MARS SEISMICITY FROM SURFACE FAULTING SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THARSIS REGION; STRESS; SYRIA AB The shallow seismicity of Mars has been estimated by measurement of the total slip on faults visible on the surface of the planet throughout geologic time. Seismicity was calibrated with estimates based on surface structures on the moon and measured lunar seismicity that includes the entire seismogenic lithosphere. Results indicate that Mars is seismically active today, with a sufficient number of detectable marsquakes to allow seismic investigations of its interior. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP GOLOMBEK, MP (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,MAIL STOP 183-501,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 6 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5084 BP 979 EP 981 DI 10.1126/science.258.5084.979 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JW796 UT WOS:A1992JW79600030 PM 17794594 ER PT J AU ALLEN, DJ HINZE, WJ CANNON, WF AF ALLEN, DJ HINZE, WJ CANNON, WF TI DRAINAGE, TOPOGRAPHIC, AND GRAVITY-ANOMALIES IN THE LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION - EVIDENCE FOR A 1100 MA MANTLE PLUME SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; FLOOD BASALTS; HOT-SPOT; MAGMATISM; BENEATH; SR; ND AB A topographic dome, radial drainage pattern, and regional negative gravity anomaly, all centered on Lake Superior, are vestiges of a 1100 Ma mantle plume that the Midcontinent Rift System of central North America. The topographic and gravimetric relations suggest that the dome is maintained isostatically by fundamental changes imprinted on the lithosphere by the plume, including magmatic underplating of the crust and depletion of the upper mantle. These changes occurred at distances of up to 500 km or mom from die center of the plume, well beyond the margins of the rift. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ALLEN, DJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 21 BP 2119 EP 2122 DI 10.1029/92GL02285 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JY496 UT WOS:A1992JY49600004 ER PT J AU JEANLOZ, R ONEILL, B PASTERNAK, MP TAYLOR, RD BOHLEN, SR AF JEANLOZ, R ONEILL, B PASTERNAK, MP TAYLOR, RD BOHLEN, SR TI MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY OF MG0.9FE0.1SIO3 PEROVSKITE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER MANTLE CONDITIONS; BEARING SILICATE MELTS; REDOX EQUILIBRIA; (MG,FE)SIO3 PEROVSKITE; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; IRON; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; GARNETS; MGSIO3 AB Ambient pressure Mossbauer spectra of (Mg0.9Fe0.1SiO3)-Fe-57 perovskite synthesized at pressure-temperature conditions of approximately 50 GPa and 1700 K show that the iron is entirely high-spin Fe2+ and appears to be primarily located in the octahedral site within the crystal structure. We observe broad Mossbauer lines, suggesting a distribution of electric-field gradients caused by disorder associated with the Fe ions. Also, the perovskite exhibits magnetic ordering at temperatures < 5 K, implying that there is a magnetic contribution to the absolute ("third-law") entropy of this phase. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP JEANLOZ, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 21 BP 2135 EP 2138 DI 10.1029/92GL02461 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JY496 UT WOS:A1992JY49600008 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, CG WANGSNESS, DJ MARTIN, JD AF CRAWFORD, CG WANGSNESS, DJ MARTIN, JD TI RECOVERY OF BENTHIC-INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN THE WHITE RIVER NEAR INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA, USA, FOLLOWING IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVANCED TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTE-WATER SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; MACROINVERTEBRATE; POLLUTION; CREEK AB The City of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, completed construction of advanced waste-water-treatment systems to enlarge and upgrade existing secondary-treatment processes at the City's two municipal wastewater-treatment plants in 1983. These plants discharge their effluent to the White River. A study was begun in 1981 to evaluate the effects of municipal wastewater on the quality of the White River near Indianapolis. As part of this study, benthic-invertebrate samples were collected from one riffle upstream and two riffles downstream from the treatment plants annually from 1981 through 1987 (2 times before and 5 times after the plant improvements became operational). Samples were collected during periods of late-summer or early-fall low streamflow with a Surber sampler. Upstream from the wastewater-treatment plants, mayflies and caddisflies were the predominant organisms in the benthic-invertebrate community (from 32 to 93 percent of all organisms; median value is 67 percent) with other insects and mollusks also present. Before implementation of advanced wastewater-treatment, the benthic-invertebrate community downstream from the wastewater-treatment plants was predominantly chironomids and oligochaetes (more than 98 percent of all organisms) - organisms that generally are tolerant of organic wastes. Few intolerant species, such as mayflies or caddisflies, were found. Following implementation of advanced wastewater treatment, mayflies and caddisflies became numerically dominant in samples collected downstream from the plants. By 1986, these organisms accounted for more than 90 percent of all organisms found at the two downstream sites. The diversity of benthic invertebrates found in these samples resembled that at the upstream site. The improvement in the quality of municipal wastewater effluent resulted in significant improvements in the water quality of the White River downstream from Indianapolis. These changes in river quality, in turn, have resulted in a shift from mostly pollution-tolerant to mostly pollution-intolerant organisms in the benthic-invertebrate community of the White River downstream from Indianapolis. The recovery was not immediate, however, with one of the downstream sites requiring 3 years before pollution-intolerant organisms became numerically dominant. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DORAVILLE,GA 30360. RP CRAWFORD, CG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5957 LAKESIDE BLVD,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278, USA. OI Crawford, Charles/0000-0003-1653-7841 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 126 IS 1 BP 67 EP 84 PG 18 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KB132 UT WOS:A1992KB13200005 ER PT J AU SPIKER, EC HOSKER, RP COMER, VJ WHITE, JR WERRE, RW HARMON, FL GANDY, GD SHERWOOD, SI AF SPIKER, EC HOSKER, RP COMER, VJ WHITE, JR WERRE, RW HARMON, FL GANDY, GD SHERWOOD, SI TI ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER FOR STUDY OF THE DEPOSITION FLUX OF GASEOUS-POLLUTANTS TO MATERIAL-SURFACES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE STONE DEGRADATION; DRY DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE CHAMBER; SIMULATION ID DRY DEPOSITION; WET DEPOSITION; CORROSION; SO2 AB A specially designed recirculating environmental chamber was constructed to study the environmental factors affecting the deposition of pollutant gases to the surface of stone and other building materials. The chamber and sample holder are designed to place samples in an aerodynamically well-defined air flow. The system is designed to permit use of radioactive (SO2)-S-35 as a tracer if necessary. A wide range of typical environmental conditions can be continuously maintained in the chamber. Wind speeds in the test section can range up to about 5 m s-1, exposing replicate samples to air flow that is uniform to within approximately 3%. Relative humidity in the chamber can be maintained to within 3%, and SO2, NO2 and 03 concentrations in the chamber air can be maintained to within 4%. Test results indicate SO2 deposition and wind speed in the chamber are closely correlated, allowing for a direct determination of the surface resistance (r(c)) component of the SO2 deposition velocity to various test materials. Initial studies of SO2 deposition to limestone and marble indicate the r(c) values are approximately 1.3 s cm-1 for fresh limestone and 34 s cm-1 for fresh marble at 75% relative humidity, 26-degrees-C and 50 ppb SO2. C1 US NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NATL PK SERV,DIV PRESERVAT ASSISTANCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. RP SPIKER, EC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD NOV PY 1992 VL 26 IS 16 BP 2885 EP 2892 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90280-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JY218 UT WOS:A1992JY21800003 ER PT J AU CARRARA, PE TRIMBLE, DA AF CARRARA, PE TRIMBLE, DA TI A GLACIER PEAK AND MOUNT SAINT-HELENS-J VOLCANIC ASH COUPLET AND THE TIMING OF DEGLACIATION IN THE COLVILLE-VALLEY AREA, WASHINGTON SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MONTANA; TEPHRA; EVENTS AB A Late Pleistocene volcanic ash couplet consisting of a Glacier Peak ash layer and an underlying Mount Saint Helens J ash layer has been identified at three sites in the Colville Valley area of northeastern Washington. This ash couplet has been reported as far east as northwestern Montana and therefore appears to have widespread distribution south of the International Boundary. Because areas covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, as well as by local mountain glaciers and icefields, were undergoing extensive deglaciation when these ash layers were deposited, about 11 200 BP, the ash couplet is an important time-stratigraphic marker, and its identification at a site provides information about the extent of deglaciation at that time. The ash couplet is easily recognized in the study area. Distinguishing characteristics include (i) the medium-sand-size (0.2 - 0.4 mm) rounded glass fragments and abundant mafic crystals in the fine-sand fraction of the Glacier Peak ash, a white layer 5 - 10 mm thick; (ii) the fine sandy silt and mafic-crystal-poor Mount Saint Helens J ash, also a white layer 5 - 10 mm thick, below the Glacier Peak ash; and (iii) the stratigraphic position of the couplet beneath the much younger Mazama ash. The presence of the Glacier Peak and Mount Saint Helens J ash couplet in the Colville Valley, about 50 km north (upglacier) from the Late Wisconsin terminal moraine near the town of Springdale, indicates that the active margin of the Colville sublobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet had retreated at least that distance by 11 200 BP. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP CARRARA, PE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MAIL STOP 913, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2397 EP 2405 DI 10.1139/e92-187 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KQ155 UT WOS:A1992KQ15500007 ER PT J AU HEREFORD, R WEBB, RH AF HEREFORD, R WEBB, RH TI HISTORIC VARIATION OF WARM-SEASON RAINFALL, SOUTHERN COLORADO PLATEAU, SOUTHWESTERN USA SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RIVER DRAINAGE-BASIN; EPHEMERAL-STREAM PROCESSES; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; NEW-MEXICO; PRECIPITATION; ARIZONA; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; UTAH AB Rainfall during the warm season (June 15-October 15) is the most important of the year in terms of flood generation and erosion in rivers of the southern Colorado Plateau. Fluvial erosion of the plateau decreased substantially in the 1930s to early 1940s, although the cause of this change has not been linked to variation of warm-season rainfall. This study shows that a decrease of warm-season rainfall frequency was coincident with and probably caused the decreased erosion by reducing the probability of large floods. Warm-season rainfall results from isolated thunderstorms associated with the Southwestern monsoon and from dissipating tropical cyclones and (or) cutoff low-pressure systems that produce widespread, general rainfall. Warm-season rainfall is typically normal to above normal during warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. A network of 24 long-term precipitation gages was used to develop an index of standardized rainfall anomalies for the southern Colorado Plateau for the period 1900-85. The index shows that the occurrence of anomalously dry years increased and the occurrence of anomalously wet years decreased after the early 1930s, although 1939-41, 1972, and 1980-84 were anomalously wet. The decrease in warm-season rainfall after the early 1930s is related to a decrease in rainfall from dissipating tropical cyclones, shifts in the incidence of meridional circulation in the upper atmosphere, and variability of ENSO conditions. C1 DESERT LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85705. RP HEREFORD, R (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 52 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 239 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF00143030 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JV100 UT WOS:A1992JV10000005 ER PT J AU MARKS, JS HALL, CS AF MARKS, JS HALL, CS TI TOOL USE BY BRISTLE-THIGHED CURLEWS FEEDING ON ALBATROSS EGGS SO CONDOR LA English DT Note DE BRISTLE-THIGHED CURLEW; NUMENIUS-TAHITIENSIS; TOOL USE; EGG PREDATION; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96850. RP MARKS, JS (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,COOPERAT WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD NOV PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1034 DI 10.2307/1369308 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KC925 UT WOS:A1992KC92500031 ER PT J AU MARRON, DC AF MARRON, DC TI FLOODPLAIN STORAGE OF MINE TAILINGS IN THE BELLE FOURCHE RIVER SYSTEM - A SEDIMENT BUDGET APPROACH SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT STORAGE; FLOODPLAIN; METALS; SEDIMENT BUDGET ID SOUTH-DAKOTA; SINKS AB Arsenic-contaminated mine tailings that were discharged into Whitewood Creek at Lead, South Dakota, from 1876 to 1978, were deposited along the floodplains of Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River. The resulting arsenic-contaminated floodplain deposit consists mostly of overbank sediments and filled abandoned meanders along Whitewood Creek, and overbank and point-bar sediments along the Belle Fourche River. Arsenic concentrations of the contaminated sediments indicate the degree of dilution of mine tailings by uncontaminated alluvium. About 13 per cent of the 110 x 10(6) Mg of mine tailings that were discharged at Lead were deposited along the Whitewood Creek floodplain. Deposition of mine tailings near the mouth of Whitewood Creek was augmented by an engineered structure. About 29 percent of the mine tailings delivered by Whitewood Creek were deposited along the Belle Fourche River floodplain. About 60 per cent of that sediment is contained in overbank deposits. Deposition along a segment of the Belle Fourche River was augmented by rapid channel migration. The proportions of contaminated sediment stored along Whitewood Creek and the Belle Fourche River are consistent with sediment storage along the floodplains of perennial streams in other, similar sized watersheds. RP MARRON, DC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5957 LAKESIDE BLVD,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278, USA. NR 28 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROCESSES JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 17 IS 7 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1002/esp.3290170704 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA JV220 UT WOS:A1992JV22000003 ER PT J AU CROWE, DE NELSON, SW BROWN, PE SHANKS, WC VALLEY, JW AF CROWE, DE NELSON, SW BROWN, PE SHANKS, WC VALLEY, JW TI GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS AND RELATED IGNEOUS ROCKS, PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND, SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA-RIDGE; SULFATE REDUCTION; VENT FLUIDS; CHIMNEY MINERALS; SULFUR ISOTOPE; SYSTEMS; FRACTIONATION; 21-DEGREES-N; CHEMISTRY AB The Prince William Sound region is located approximately 100 km east-southeast of Anchorage, Alaska, and contains the geologically diverse Late Cretaceous to Eocene Valdez and Orca Groups, which comprise a portion of the accretionary prism complex of south-central Alaska. The rocks host more than 600 known massive sulfide deposits and prospects. Historically, the deposits have been described as epigenetic vein, replacement, and shear zone-hosted ores. We define the Prince William Sound massive sulfide deposits in terms of two genetically related, yet geochemically distinct, types of deposits, both related to submarine volcanism. The first type is hosted in submarine pillow basalt, massive basalt flows, and mafic tuffs and is analogous to Cyprus-type deposits. The second type is hosted in intercalated slate and graywacke and is analogous to Besshi-type deposits. Both types are similar morphologically and are characteristically stratiform to strata bound. The deposits vary in size from less than 1 million tons to greater than 5 million tons, with the majority of the largest deposits forming in sediment-dominated Besshi-type environments. The massive sulfide deposits are Fe-Cu-Zn systems dominated mineralogically by pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. Minor phases include cubanite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, and secondary marcasite. Silicate gangue is comprised predominantly of quartz and chlorite, with minor sericite, talc, and calcite. Primary sedimentary features preserved within massive sulfide are ubiquitous within the deposits and include planar bedding, crossbedding, and graded bedding. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of quartz gangue from the massive sulfide deposits is consistent with hydrothermal fluid temperatures found in genetically related modern sea-floor hydrothermal environments. Minimum trapping temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz from the stockwork feeder zone of the volcanic-hosted deposits generally range from 210-degrees to 260-degrees-C. Fine-grained anhedral quartz gangue in massive sulfide layers also contains sparse primary fluid inclusions; typically the homogenization temperature is lower in the sediment-hosted deposits. Hydrothermal fluids in the volcanic-hosted settings exited the volcanic pile directly into seawater and were rapidly quenched, thus fluid inclusions only record high-temperature fluid conditions. Similar hydrothermal fluids in the sediment-hosted settings exited the volcanic pile into warm, seawater-saturated sediments and were cooled more slowly, in an environment where lower temperature fluid inclusions were formed and preserved. Sulfur and oxygen isotope data support a submarine origin for the deposits. Sulfur isotope values range from deltaS-34CDT = 0.8 to 5.9 per mil for volcanic-hosted deposits, and from 2.7 to 9.2 per mil for sediment-hosted deposits. The higher values for sediment-hosted ores reflect increased amounts of reduced seawater sulfate in the hydrothermal fluid, with sulfate reduction occurring in the seawater-hydrothermal fluid mixing zone within the sediment pile below the seawater-sediment interface. Oxygen isotope values for quartz gangue associated with massive sulfide also reflect the lower temperature deposition that is characteristic of the sediment-hosted deposits: deltaO-18quartz = 7.0 to 7.8 per mil (SMOW) for volcanic-hosted deposits and deltaO-18quartz = 9.6 to 16.9 per mil for sediment-hosted ores. Whole-rock geochemical analyses of the basalts and related igneous rocks from both the Valdez and Orca Groups show that these rocks are consistent with formation in midocean ridge and/or seamount environments. The geochemistry of the Valdez Group rocks suggests that sediment contamination of basaltic magma has occurred, imparting a primitive arclike signature. Discrimination diagrams show that the rocks from both groups have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt, enriched midocean ridge basalt, and low K are tholeiite affinities, and plot along the tholeiitic-calc-alkaline boundary. The fluid inclusion, stable isotope, and whole-rock data collected in this study are all consistent with the hypothesis that the massive sulfide deposits in the Prince William Sound district are sea-floor volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits that formed in both sediment-starved and sedimented midocean ridge settings. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RI Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 NR 98 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1722 EP 1746 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JZ563 UT WOS:A1992JZ56300002 ER PT J AU LUDWIG, KR SIMMONS, KR AF LUDWIG, KR SIMMONS, KR TI U-PB DATING OF URANIUM DEPOSITS IN COLLAPSE BRECCIA PIPES OF THE GRAND-CANYON REGION SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID COLORADO PLATEAU; NORTHERN ARIZONA; ISOTOPE; MODEL; SYSTEMATICS AB Two major periods of uranium mineralization are indicated by U-Pb isotope dating of uranium ores from collapse breccia pipes in the Grand Canyon region, northern Arizona. The Hack 2 and 3, Kanab North, and EZ 1 and 2 orebodies apparently formed in the interval of 200 +/- 20 Ma, similar to ages inferred for strata-bound, Late Triassic-hosted uranium deposits in southern Utah and northern Arizona. Samples from the Grand Canyon and Pine Nut pipes, however, indicate a distinctly older age of about 260 Ma. The Pigeon, Orphan, and Arizona- 1 deposits were apparently mineralized before 220, 186, and 169 Ma, respectively, but no useful upper age limits can be inferred. There is no evidence in the U-Pb isotope data for uranium mineralization related to Laramide tectonism, mid-Tertiary volcanism, or late Tertiary uplift. The clustering in ages for a variety of uranium deposits at about (or slightly younger than) the age of the lower part of the Chinle Formation (Late Triassic) suggests that uranium in these deposits may have been derived by leaching from volcanic ash in the Chinle and mobilized by ground-water movement resulting from changing hydrologic gradients caused by regional uplift to the southwest. Pb isotope ratios of galenas in mineralized pipes are more radiogenic than those of sulfides from either uranium-poor pipes or occurrences away from pipes. This isotopic contrast suggests that fluids which passed through the pipes had interacted with the Proterozoic basement, possibly through the vertical fractures which influenced the location and evolution of the pipes themselves. Regardless of the source of the common Pb in the uranium-bearing pipes, the generally distinct Pb isotope composition of their galenas (compared to those of barren pipes and nonpipe sulfides in the region) may provide a useful exploration guide. RP LUDWIG, KR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 963,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1747 EP 1765 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JZ563 UT WOS:A1992JZ56300003 ER PT J AU VIETS, JG HOPKINS, RT MILLER, BM AF VIETS, JG HOPKINS, RT MILLER, BM TI VARIATIONS IN MINOR AND TRACE-METALS IN SPHALERITE FROM MISSISSIPPI VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS OF THE OZARK REGION - GENETIC-IMPLICATIONS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; VIBURNUM-TREND; LEAD; TEMPERATURE; ARKANSAS; DISTRICT; BASIN RP VIETS, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 973,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1897 EP 1905 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JZ563 UT WOS:A1992JZ56300011 ER PT J AU SEAL, RR ROBIE, RA BARTON, PB HEMINGWAY, BS AF SEAL, RR ROBIE, RA BARTON, PB HEMINGWAY, BS TI SUPERAMBIENT HEAT-CAPACITIES OF SYNTHETIC STIBNITE, BERTHIERITE, AND CHALCOSTIBITE - REVISED THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PHASE-EQUILIBRIA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE REACTION CALORIMETRY; LIQUID-PHASES; SULFOSALTS; COPPER RP SEAL, RR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,954 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1911 EP 1918 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JZ563 UT WOS:A1992JZ56300013 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR PHILLIPS, EJP AF LOVLEY, DR PHILLIPS, EJP TI BIOREMEDIATION OF URANIUM CONTAMINATION WITH ENZYMATIC URANIUM REDUCTION SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL ELEMENTS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; SEA-WATER; ACCUMULATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; OXIDATION AB Enzymatic uranium reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans readily removed uranium from solution in a batch system or when D. desulfuricans was separated from the bulk of the uranium-containing water by a semipermeable membrane. Uranium reduction continued at concentrations as high as 24 mM. Of a variety of potentially inhibiting anions and metals evaluated, only high concentrations of copper inhibited uranium reduction. Freeze-dried cells, stored aerobically, reduced uranium as fast as fresh cells. D. desulfuricans reduced uranium in pH 4 and pH 7.4 mine drainage waters and in uranium-containing groundwaters from a contaminated Department of Energy site. Enzymatic uranium reduction has several potential advantages over other bioprocessing techniques for uranium removal, the most important of which are as follows: the ability to precipitate uranium that is in the form of a uranyl carbonate complex; high capacity for uranium removal per cell; the formation of a compact, relatively pure, uranium precipitate. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 38 TC 192 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2228 EP 2234 DI 10.1021/es00035a023 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JV989 UT WOS:A1992JV98900029 ER PT J AU JOHNSONLOGAN, LR BROSHEARS, RE KLAINE, SJ AF JOHNSONLOGAN, LR BROSHEARS, RE KLAINE, SJ TI PARTITIONING BEHAVIOR AND THE MOBILITY OF CHLORDANE IN GROUNDWATER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONIONIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISSOLVED HUMIC MATERIALS; WATER SOLUBILITY; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FULVIC-ACIDS; SORPTION; POLLUTANTS; SEDIMENTS; CHEMICALS; SOILS AB Batch solubility experiments showed an increase in chlordane solubility from 32 mug/L in pure (18 MOMEGA cm) water to over 400 mug/L in the presence of humic substances extracted from geologic material collected near a hazardous waste site in Memphis, TN. Solubility was also enhanced to 52 mug/L in groundwater collected upgradient of the site (total organic carbon, TOC = 1.8 mg/L) and to 146 mug/L in downgradient groundwater (TOC = 34 mg/L). Batch sorption studies demonstrated the tenacious binding of chlordane to the solid phase (distribution coefficients, K(d) = 18-220 mL/g). Column studies showed chlordane mobility to be significantly enhanced by the presence of humic substances. Mean chlordane breakthrough occurred at 20 and 82 pore volumes when columns of geologic material collected near the site were eluted with humic solutions of 25 and 2.5 mg/L as dissolved organic carbon, respectively. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,1 TIWET DR,PENDLETON,SC 29670. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ENVIRONM HLTH & TOXICOL RES INST,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2234 EP 2239 DI 10.1021/es00035a024 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JV989 UT WOS:A1992JV98900030 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI TRANSFER OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY THROUGH WORKSHOPS - THE CASE OF FISH BIOENERGETICS MODELING SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB I recommend a three-part program to promote the availability and use of computer software packages to fishery managers and researchers. The three-part approach consists of journal articles that announce new technologies, technical reports that serve as user's guides, and hands-on workshops that provide direct instruction to new users. Workshops, which allow experienced users to directly instruct novices in software operation and application, are an important, but often neglected, final step in this process. My experience with organizing and conducting bioenergetics modeling workshops suggests the optimal workshop would take 2 days, have 10-15 participants, one computer for every two users, and one instructor for every 5-6 people. RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 6 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1992)017<0014:TOCSTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JZ099 UT WOS:A1992JZ09900005 ER PT J AU MOORE, JG CLAGUE, DA AF MOORE, JG CLAGUE, DA TI VOLCANO GROWTH AND EVOLUTION OF THE ISLAND OF HAWAII SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWEST RIFT-ZONE; MAUNA-LOA; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; HALEAKALA VOLCANO; KILAUEA VOLCANO; SUBSIDENCE; MAHUKONA; BASALT; REEFS; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The seven volcanoes comprising the island of Hawaii and its submarine base are, in order of growth, Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, and Loihi. The first four have completed their shield-building stage, and the timing of this event can be determined from the depth of the slope break associated with the end of shield building, calibrated using the ages and depths of a series of dated submerged coral reefs off northwest Hawaii. The composition of lavas collected adjacent to these reefs helps to define the eruptive history of the various volcanic centers. The island of Hawaii has grown at an average rate of about 0.02 km2/yr for the past 600 k.y. and presently is close to its maximum size. Mahukona completed shield building about 465 ka; Kohala, 245 ka; Mauna Kea, 130 ka; and Hualalai, 130 ka. On each volcano, the transition from eruption of tholeiitic to alkalic lava occurs near the end of shield building. The larger volcanic systems (which stood more than 4 km above their shoreline at the end of shield building) change in composition before the end of shield building, and the smaller volcanoes change near or after the end of shield building, or never make the change to eruption of alkalic lava. The rate of southeastern (south 40-degrees-east) progression of the end of shield building (and hence the postulated movement rate of the Pacific plate over the Hawaiian hotspot) in the interval from Haleakala to Hualalai is about 13 cm/yr. Based on this rate and an average spacing of volcanoes on each loci line of 40-60 km, the volcanoes require about 600 thousand years to grow from the ocean floor (generally from a point on the southeastern submarine flank of the next older volcano of the same loci line) to the time of the end of shield building. They arrive at the ocean surface about midway through this period. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HONOLULU,HI 96718. RP MOORE, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 56 TC 185 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 31 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 104 IS 11 BP 1471 EP 1484 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1471:VGAEOT>2.3.CO;2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW832 UT WOS:A1992JW83200006 ER PT J AU LYONS, PC OUTERBRIDGE, WF TRIPLEHORN, DM EVANS, HT CONGDON, RD CAPIRO, M HESS, JC NASH, WP AF LYONS, PC OUTERBRIDGE, WF TRIPLEHORN, DM EVANS, HT CONGDON, RD CAPIRO, M HESS, JC NASH, WP TI AN APPALACHIAN ISOCHRON - A KAOLINIZED CARBONIFEROUS AIR-FALL VOLCANIC-ASH DEPOSIT (TONSTEIN) SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The Fire Clay tonstein is a kaolinized, air-fall volcanic ash bed that was deposited in a widespread late Carboniferous peat-forming mire. Eleven samples from Kentucky and West Virginia, spanning a distance of 200 km, and two samples from Tennessee and Virginia indicate a characteristic mineralogical signature, as compared with other Appalachian tonsteins, consisting of well-crystallized kaolinite, beta-quartz crystal paramorphs, sanidine, ilmenite, zircon, and brookite. Detrital illite and quartz are rarely present or are in very small amounts, which indicates rapid deposition in a mire. Several normal graded cycles in this tonstein suggest repeated episodes of pyroclastic activity that produced a composite ash layer. A high-silica alkalic rhyolitic source is suggested by the geochemistry of immobile elements and by electron-probe analyses of glass inclusions in volcanic quartz from the Fire Clay tonstein. The rare-earth-element plots (chondrite normalized) of the tonstein show a pronounced negative Eu anomaly and relatively high concentrations of Zr and Th, which are both indicative of a rhyolitic source. Probe analyses of the Fire Clay glass inclusions from four states indicate a chemically identical high-silica rhyolite with per-aluminous affinities. Ar-40/Ar-39 sanidine plateau dating indicates an age of 312 +/- 1 Ma for the Fire Clay tonstein, which is consistent with previous Ar-40/Ar-39 dates for this tonstein. This age is in agreement with a late Westphalian B age in the European Carboniferous chronostratigraphy on the basis of an age of 311 Ma for the Westphalian B/C boundary. A new isopachous map of the Fire Clay ash-fall deposit indicates an area of 37,000 km2 and a probable source to the present-day southwest. The deposit has a minimum preserved compacted volume of 2.8 km3, which corresponds to an original uncompacted volume of about 20 km3. This preserved volume indicates an ultraplinian volcanic explosion. Pindell and Dewey (1982) proposed an Andean-type arc in this block during the late Carboniferous, prior to South American-North American plate collision. We hypothesize an associated back-arc caldera system in the Yucatan block to explain the high-silica, potassic rhyolitic ash that gave rise to the Fire Clay tonstein. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. UNIV HEIDELBERG,GEOCHRONOL LAB,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV UTAH,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP LYONS, PC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 956,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 55 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 104 IS 11 BP 1515 EP 1527 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1515:AAIAKC>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW832 UT WOS:A1992JW83200009 ER PT J AU MOENCH, RH AF MOENCH, RH TI THE PIERMONT ALLOCHTHON IN THE LITTLETON-MOOSILAUKE AREA OF WEST-CENTRAL NEW-HAMPSHIRE - REPLY SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Careful mapping combined with routine observation of primary geopetal features and supported by U-Pb zircon age determinations prove the existence of the Piermont allochthon in a 200-km-long belt that includes the type area of the Ordovician Albee Formation of M. P. Billings near Littleton, New Hampshire. The Albee Formation of Billings is divided into seven stratigraphic units that are correlated with one Upper Ordovician(?) formation, one Lower Silurian(?) formation, three Silurian formations, one Upper Silurian(?) formation, and one Lower Devonian formation previously mapped in the Central Maine trough. In the Littleton area, the allochthon is bounded on the west by the Monroe fault, and on the east by the Foster Hill sole fault, which coincides with the contact that Billings mapped between his Albee Formation and the overlying Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics. This contact must be a fault, because stratigraphic sequences on opposite sides face (young) toward, and are truncated against, one another. Where exposed, the Foster Hill fault is a sharp, premetamorphic boundary with only local evidence of shearing. Regional geologic relationships indicate that the Piermont allochthon has traveled several to many tens of kilometers relative to the southeast adjacent Bronson Hill-Boundary Mountains anticlinorium. For reasons given elsewhere, however, my previous interpretation that the allochthon is an Acadian thrust sheet is probably not tenable. RP MOENCH, RH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,CENT MINERAL RESOURCES BRANCH,MS 930,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 104 IS 11 BP 1541 EP 1545 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW832 UT WOS:A1992JW83200012 ER PT J AU MILKEREIT, B FORSYTH, DA GREEN, AG DAVIDSON, A HANMER, S HUTCHINSON, DR HINZE, WJ MEREU, RF AF MILKEREIT, B FORSYTH, DA GREEN, AG DAVIDSON, A HANMER, S HUTCHINSON, DR HINZE, WJ MEREU, RF TI SEISMIC IMAGES OF A GRENVILLIAN TERRANE BOUNDARY SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROVINCE; MIDCONTINENT AB A series of gently dipping reflection zones extending to mid-crustal depths is recorded by seismic data from Lakes Ontario and Erie. These prominent reflection zones define a broad complex of southeast-dipping ductile thrust faults in the interior of the Grenville orogen. One major reflection zone provides the first image of a proposed Grenvillian suture-the listric boundary zone between allochthonous terranes of the Central Gneiss and Central Metasedimentary belts. Curvilinear bands of reflections that may represent "ramp folds" and "ramp anticlines" that originally formed in a deep crustal-scale duplex abut several faults. Vertical stacking of some curvilinear features suggests coeval or later out-of-sequence faulting of imbricated and folded thrust sheets. Grenvillian structure reflections are overlain by a thin, wedge-shaped package of shallow-dipping reflections that probably originates from sediments deposited in a local half graben developed during a period of post-Grenville extension. This is the first seismic evidence for such extension in this region, which could have occurred during terminal collapse of the Grenville orogen, or could have marked the beginning of pre-Appalachian continental rifting. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47906. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,LONDON N6A 5B7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MILKEREIT, B (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0Y3,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD NOV PY 1992 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1027:SIOAGT>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JW834 UT WOS:A1992JW83400017 ER PT J AU BARBER, LB THURMAN, EM TAKAHASHI, Y NORIEGA, MC AF BARBER, LB THURMAN, EM TAKAHASHI, Y NORIEGA, MC TI COMPARISON OF PURGE AND TRAP GC/MS AND PURGEABLE ORGANIC CHLORIDE ANALYSIS FOR MONITORING VOLATILE CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; WATER; CONTAMINATION AB A combined field and laboratory study was conducted to compare purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PT-GC/MS) and purgeable organic chloride (POCI) analysis for measuring volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCH) in ground water. Distilled-water spike and recovery experiments using 10 VCH indicate that at concentrations greater than 1 mug/l recovery is more than 80 percent for both methods with relative standard deviations of about 10 percent. Ground-water samples were collected from a site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where a shallow unconfined aquifer has been contaminated by VCH, and were analyzed by both methods. Results for PT-GC/MS and POCl analysis of the ground-water samples were not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, paired t-test analysis) and indicated little bias between the two methods. Similar conclusions about concentrations and distributions of VCH in the ground-water contamination plume were drawn from the two data sets. However, only PT-GC/MS analysis identified the individual compounds present and determined their concentrations, which was necessary for toxicological and biogeochemical evaluation of the contaminated ground water. POCI analysis was a complimentary method for use with PT-GC/MS analysis for identifying samples with VCH concentrations below the detection limit or with high VCH concentrations that require dilution. Use of POCl as a complimentary monitoring method for PT-GC/MS can result in more efficient use of analytical resources. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. DOHRMANN ROSEMOUNT ANALYT DIV,SANTA CLARA,CA 95052. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP BARBER, LB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 25046,MS 458,BOULDER POUCH,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 836 EP 842 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01565.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA JW813 UT WOS:A1992JW81300002 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM AELION, CM VROBLESKY, DA AF BRADLEY, PM AELION, CM VROBLESKY, DA TI INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS ON DENITRIFICATION IN SEDIMENT CONTAMINATED WITH JP-4 JET FUEL SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFYING CONDITIONS; AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; ACETYLENE INHIBITION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COASTAL-PLAIN; PARA-CRESOL; AQUIFER; BENZENE AB In 1975, the loss of approximately 83,000 gallons of JP-4 grade jet fuel resulted in contamination of the shallow aquifer near North Charleston, South Carolina. To identify those factors likely to influence microbial activity under denitrifying conditions, we examined the fate of amended NO3, the effect of pH, NO3, and PO4 on denitrification, and the variability of denitrification in sediments collected at the site. Denitrification (N2O-N production) accounted for 98% of the depletion of NO3-N under anaerobic conditions. Both carbon mineralization and denitrification rates increased asymptotically with increasing NO3 to a maximum at approximately 1 mM NO3. Addition of up to 1 mM PO4 did not significantly increase N2O and CO2 production. Denitrification rates were at least 38% lower at pH = 4 than observed at pH = 7. Comparison of samples with differing degrees of hydrocarbon contamination indicated that at least a tenfold variation in sediment denitrification occurs at the North Charleston site. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. RP BRADLEY, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 843 EP 848 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01566.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA JW813 UT WOS:A1992JW81300003 ER PT J AU BUXTON, HT MODICA, E AF BUXTON, HT MODICA, E TI PATTERNS AND RATES OF GROUNDWATER-FLOW ON LONG-ISLAND, NEW-YORK SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DUAL FORMULATION; CONTAMINANT AB Increased ground-water contamination from human activities on Long Island has prompted studies to define the pattern and rate of ground-water movement. A two-dimensional, fine-mesh, finite-element model consisting of 11,969 nodes and 22,880 elements was constructed to represent ground-water flow along a north-south section through central Long Island. The model represents average hydrologic conditions within a corridor approximately 15 miles wide. The model solves discrete approximations of both the potential and stream functions. The resulting flownet depicts flow paths and defines the vertical distribution of flow within the section. Ground-water flow rates decrease with depth. Sixty-two percent of the water flows no deeper than the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer, 38 percent enters the underlying Magothy aquifer, and only 3.1 percent enters the Lloyd aquifer. The limiting streamlines for flow to the Magothy and Lloyd aquifers indicate that aquifer recharge areas are narrow east-west bands through the center of the island. The recharge area of the Magothy aquifer is only 5.4 miles wide; that of the Lloyd aquifer is less than 0.5 miles. The distribution of ground-water traveltime and a flownet are calculated from model results; both are useful in the investigation of contaminant transport or the chemical evolution of ground water within the flow system. A major discontinuity in traveltime occurs across the streamline which separates the flow subsystems of the two confined aquifers. Water that reaches the Lloyd aquifer attains traveltimes as high as 10,000 years, whereas water that has not penetrated deeper than the Magothy aquifer attains traveltimes of only 2,000 years. The finite-element approach used in this study is particularly suited to ground-water systems that have complex hydrostratigraphy and cross-sectional symmetry. RP BUXTON, HT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,810 BEAR TAVERN RD,W TRENTON,NJ 08628, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01568.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA JW813 UT WOS:A1992JW81300005 ER PT J AU WIVELL, CE STEINWAND, DR KELLY, GG MEYER, DJ AF WIVELL, CE STEINWAND, DR KELLY, GG MEYER, DJ TI EVALUATION OF TERRAIN MODELS FOR THE GEOCODING AND TERRAIN CORRECTION OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR) IMAGES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Synthetic aperture radars (SAR's) have characteristics well-suited for the measurement of geophysical parameters. However, the application of SAR imagery is constrained by geometric and radiometric effects caused by variable terrain. The terrain model is a key component for the rectification of SAR images collected over variable terrain, but the quality of a terrain model limits the extent to which terrain errors can be corrected. Source stereoimagery used to generate high-resolution terrain models are acquired from aircraft or spacecraft platforms. Differences in these source images result in variable horizontal, vertical, and slope resolutions. Also, differences in the methods used for terrain model generation result in unique artifacts. The variability of the resolutions and the presence of the artifacts cause inaccurate correction of the terrain-induced geometric distortions in SAR images. These inaccuracies limit the extent to-which SAR imagery can be geometrically rectified. To quantify the effects of these inaccuracies on SAR terrain correction, various terrain models were used to rectify a Seasat SAR image acquired over the Drum Mountains in west-central Utah. The terrain corrections were performed using a 1-degrees U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) terrain model, a 7.5-min USGS terrain model, and a terrain model derived from stereoimagery acquired from the Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre. Geometric verifications of the terrain-corrected SAR imagery showed that the resolution of the 1-degrees terrain model is not adequate to resolve many features in the Seasat image. Geometric verifications of the SAR images, corrected with the two higher resolution terrain models, showed localized errors as large as 52 m for mountain peaks. However, comparison of SAR data corrected with each model shows that both produce results that differ by less than the resolution of either terrain model. A simulation was used to relate the location errors in the SAR imagery to differences in elevation in the terrain models. Periodic artifacts due to the terrain model generation methodology were observed in the terrain models and translated to ground range differences of 18 m, which are well below the resolution of the SAR imagery. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. RP WIVELL, CE (reprint author), TGS TECHNOL INC,MOFFETT FIELD,CA, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1144 DI 10.1109/36.193789 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KG453 UT WOS:A1992KG45300004 ER PT J AU SHORT, RE JAMES, LF PANTER, KE STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA MALCOLM, J FORD, SP AF SHORT, RE JAMES, LF PANTER, KE STAIGMILLER, RB BELLOWS, RA MALCOLM, J FORD, SP TI EFFECTS OF FEEDING PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLES DURING PREGNANCY - COMPARATIVE-STUDIES WITH BISON, CATTLE, GOATS, AND SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RUMINANTS; ABORTION; PINUS-PONDEROSA; PINE NEEDLES; DOSAGE; GESTATION PERIOD ID PARTURITION; ABORTION; COWS AB Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding dried pine needles (Pinus ponderosa; PN) on the abortion rate of ruminants. In Exp. 1, cattle were fed 5.4 kg of PN daily for 21 d starting at 116, 167, 215, or 254 d of pregnancy. The PN did not cause abortions when started at 116 d; thereafter, the percentage of cows that aborted increased linearly, and the interval to abortion decreased linearly (both P < .01); all cows fed PN beginning at 254 d aborted. In Exp. 2, cattle were fed .7, 1.4, or 2.7 kg of PN for 21 d or 2.7 kg for 1 or 3 d. Sheep and goats were fed .8 and .5 kg of PN, respectively, starting at 121 d of pregnancy. The PN induced some abortions in cattle when fed for 1 (11%) or 3 (30%) d, but the abortion rate was greater (P < .01) when the PN were fed for longer periods of time (80, go, and 100% aborted in 19, 17, and 10 d for .7-, 1.4-, and 2.7-kg doses, respectively). No goats or sheep aborted in response to PN feeding. Pregnancy rates during the next breeding season for cows that aborted in response to the PN were slightly higher than rates for control cows (94 vs 87%). In Exp. 3, buffalo (Bison bison) and cattle were fed 2.25 kg of PN from the same collection. Abortions were induced in all buffalo and cattle that were fed PN. In Exp. 4, low amounts (.11 and .34 kg) of PN were fed to cattle for 40 d before the start of feeding of 1.35 kg of PN at 255 d of pregnancy. Low amounts of PN did not induce abortions, but .34 kg delayed abortions after the 1.35-kg level was fed (P < .01). In all experiments aborted fetuses were alive, all cows (both buffalo and cattle) that aborted had a retained placenta, and calf survival was dependent on maturity at the time of parturition. Our conclusions are as follows: 1) consumption of PN caused abortions in a majority of cows in late pregnancy; 2) the response increased with advancing stage of pregnancy, increased dose of PN, and greater length of exposure, but supplemental vitamin A was not prophylactic; 3) buffalo responded similarly to cattle, but neither goats nor sheep were affected by PN; 4) fertility was not affected by PN; 5) PN were not directly toxic to calves, and survival of calves was dependent on maturity at the time of parturition; and 6) compensatory mechanisms were triggered when subthreshold doses of PN were fed. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL BISON RANGE,MOISE,MT 59824. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHORT, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 70 IS 11 BP 3498 EP 3504 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JW090 UT WOS:A1992JW09000029 PM 1459912 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, AJ JOHNSON, RL AF DOUGLAS, AJ JOHNSON, RL TI CONGESTION AND RECREATION SITE DEMAND - A MODEL OF DEMAND-INDUCED QUALITY EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CONGESTION; RECREATION SITE; ENCOUNTERS; NONMARKET BENEFITS CONFERRED ID INSTREAM RP DOUGLAS, AJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL ECOL RES CTR, 4512 MCMURRAY AVE, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 36 IS 3 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80134-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ864 UT WOS:A1992JZ86400005 ER PT J AU NORDSTROM, DK MCNUTT, RH PUIGDOMENECH, I SMELLIE, JAT WOLF, M AF NORDSTROM, DK MCNUTT, RH PUIGDOMENECH, I SMELLIE, JAT WOLF, M TI GROUND-WATER CHEMISTRY AND GEOCHEMICAL MODELING OF WATER ROCK INTERACTIONS AT THE OSAMU UTSUMI MINE AND THE MORRO-DO-FERRO ANALOG STUDY SITES, POCOS-DE-CALDAS, MINAS-GERAIS, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM AB Surface and ground waters, collected over a period of three years from the Osamu Utsumi uranium mine and the Morro do Ferro thorium/rare-earth element (Th/REE) deposits, were analyzed and interpreted to identify the major hydrogeochemical processes. These results provided information on the current geochemical evolution of ground waters for two study sites within the Pocos de Caldas Natural Analogue Project. The ground waters are a K-Fe-SO4-F type, a highly unusual composition related to intense weathering of a hydrothermally altered and mineralized complex of phonolites. Tritium and stable isotope data indicate that ground waters are of meteoric origin and are not affected significantly by evaporation or water-rock interactions. Recharging ground waters at both study sites demonstrate water of less than about 35 years in age, whereas deeper, more evolved ground waters are below 1 TU but still contain in most cases detectable tritium. These deeper ground waters may be interpreted as being of 35 to 60 or more years in age, resulting mainly from an admixture of younger with older ground waters and/or indicating the influence of subsurface produced tritium. Geochemical processes involving water-rock-gas interactions have been modeled using ground water compositions, mineralogic data, ion plots and computations of speciation, non-thermodynamic mass balance and thermodynamic mass transfer. The geochemical reaction models can reproduce the water chemistry and mineral occurrences and they were validated by comparing the results of thermodynamic mass transfer calculations (using the PHREEQE program, Parkhurst et al., 1980). The results from the geochemical reaction models reveal that the dominant processes are production of CO2 in the soil zone through aerobic decay of organic matter, dissolution of fluorite, calcite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite and manganese oxides, oxidation of pyrite and sphalerite, and precipitation of ferric oxides, silica and kaolinite. Gibbsite precipitation can be modeled for the shallow (recharge) water chemistry at Morro do Ferro, consistent with known mineralogy. Recharge waters are undersaturated with respect to barite and discharging waters and deeper ground waters are saturated to supersaturated with respect to barite demonstrating a strong solubility control. Strontium isotope data demonstrate that sources other than calcium-bearing minerals are required to account for the dissolved strontium in the ground waters. These may include K-feldspar, smectite-chlorite mixed-layer clays and goyazite [SrAl3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O]. C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT GEOL,HAMILTON L8S 4K1,ONTARIO,CANADA. STUDSVIK AB,S-61182 NYKOPING,SWEDEN. CONTERRA AB,S-75106 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. GSF MUNICH,INST HYDROL,W-8042 NEUHERBERG,GERMANY. RP NORDSTROM, DK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS-458,BOULDER POUCH,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 45 IS 1-3 BP 249 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(92)90127-T PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KF544 UT WOS:A1992KF54400010 ER PT J AU WHITEHOUSE, MJ STACEY, JS MILLER, FK AF WHITEHOUSE, MJ STACEY, JS MILLER, FK TI AGE AND NATURE OF THE BASEMENT IN NORTHEASTERN WASHINGTON AND NORTHERN IDAHO - ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FROM MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC GRANITOIDS SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRUST-MANTLE EVOLUTION; PURCELL SUPERGROUP; PB; GEOCHRONOLOGY; SR; METEORITES; CONNECTION; MOUNTAINS; MODEL AB K-feldspar Pb and whole rock Nd isotopic analyses from 25 Mesozoic and Cenozoic plutonic rocks and two gneisses from NE Washington and northern Idaho are used to elucidate the age and nature of the concealed cratonic basement. The plutons form two highly distinct isotopic groups: Group I (hornblende-biotite and two-mica plutons of all ages) have Pb isotopic compositions suggesting derivation from rocks of the Belt Supergroup or their metamorphosed equivalents, although Nd isotopic data can only support this model if there was a significant input of juvenile mantle-derived or ancient light REE-depleted material. Group II (hornblende-biotite of Eocene age) have highly retarded Pb isotopic compositions relative to the present day crustal average and require a source region with long-term U (and other LIL) depletion, characteristic of cratonic lower crust. A U-Pb zircon upper intercept age of ca. 2600 Ma obtained from one of the Group II samples, together with Sm-Nd data from the gneisses, indicates possible late-Archean crust at depth, which acted as a source region for Eocene extension-related plutonism. Isotopic compositions and apparent geochemical evolution do not support a direct correlation with the nearest exposed North American Craton in the Wyoming province. If it represents attenuated pre-Mesozoic craton, then it must have been accreted to the craton prior to development of the miogeocline in the Late Proterozoic. Alternatively, it may be part of the Cordilleria terrane accreted to the craton in the Early Cretaceous. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Whitehouse, Martin/E-1425-2013 OI Whitehouse, Martin/0000-0003-2227-577X NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 100 IS 6 BP 691 EP 701 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA JW295 UT WOS:A1992JW29500004 ER PT J AU CHEN, C AF CHEN, C TI MOMENTUM AND ENERGY COEFFICIENTS BASED ON POWER-LAW VELOCITY PROFILE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The theoretical momentum coefficient (beta) and energy coefficient (alpha) for turbulent shear flow in circular pipes and wide channels are derived from the power law, then compared with their counterparts on the basis of the logarithmic law. For such unidirectional flows, the exponent (m) of the power-law velocity distribution is the sole parameter that determines the values of beta and alpha. A comparison of the corresponding expressions for beta and alpha derived using both laws shows that their values differ only slightly within a valid range of small m's. Use of a power-law-based beta expression along with a power-law resistance formula in the cross-section-averaged equation of momentum cannot only eliminate the theoretical incompatibility that results from mixing logarithmic and power laws in the equation but also remove the inconsistent assumption of beta = 1 made in the equation. Improvement on the accuracy of the flow computation by incorporating a power-law-based beta expression in the equation of momentum is demonstrated through an example in which a new stability limit for the Froude number for turbulent shear flow in wide channels can be accurately derived without assuming beta = 1. RP CHEN, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURC,WR,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 1992 VL 118 IS 11 BP 1571 EP 1584 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:11(1571) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JU221 UT WOS:A1992JU22100007 ER PT J AU CHEN, CL AF CHEN, CL TI DERIVATION OF INFILTRATION EQUATION USING SYSTEMS-APPROACH - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP CHEN, CL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOUR,WR 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS-496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 118 IS 6 BP 996 EP 999 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:6(996) PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JZ315 UT WOS:A1992JZ31500015 ER PT J AU NELSON, ME MECH, LD AF NELSON, ME MECH, LD TI DISPERSAL IN FEMALE WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FEMALE DISPERSAL; MINNESOTA ID FAWNS AB Seven of 35 yearling female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a migratory herd in northeastern Minnesota dispersed 18-168 km from natal ranges during late May through June. Dispersal as a proximate event appears voluntary and independent of deer density. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 11 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.2307/1382212 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JZ555 UT WOS:A1992JZ55500022 ER PT J AU CIUCCI, P MECH, LD AF CIUCCI, P MECH, LD TI SELECTION OF WOLF DENS IN RELATION TO WINTER TERRITORIES IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE CANIS-LUPUS; DEN SELECTION; WINTER TERRITORIES; MINNESOTA ID ROAD DENSITY; CANIS-LUPUS; SURVIVAL; WOLVES AB Locations of wolf (Canus lupus) dens in the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota from 1969 through 1988 were analyzed in relation to winter territories. Dens situated within the central 60% of the territories were randomly located relative to territory centers. However, only 10.5% (2) of the dens were located within a 1-km-wide strip inside the territory boundaries, indicating possible avoidance of neighboring packs. A negative relationship (r2 = 0.27; P < 0.05) between territory size and den distance from territory center was found, indicating that in large territories wolves might select the denning site that minimizes travel distance from and to the den. Den use was traditional in 86% (6) of the denning alpha females studied for >1 year, and possibly the availability of a stable food source helped determine den location. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP CIUCCI, P (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,1980 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Ciucci, Paolo/C-7677-2009 OI Ciucci, Paolo/0000-0002-0994-3422 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 899 EP 905 DI 10.2307/1382214 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JZ555 UT WOS:A1992JZ55500024 ER PT J AU KOFORD, RR AF KOFORD, RR TI DOES SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING OF RED SQUIRRELS CHANGE POPULATION-DENSITY, MOVEMENTS, OR BOTH SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS; POPULATION ESTIMATION; SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING ID TAMIASCIURUS-HUDSONICUS POPULATIONS; HOME RANGE; FOOD; TERRITORIALITY; DOUGLASII; DYNAMICS; STRIATUS; SIZE AB Supplemental feeding increased the number of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) captured on two trapping grids, leading Sullivan (Journal of Mammalogy, 71:579-590, 1990) to infer that the population density of residents had increased. This conclusion is questionable because the residency status of captured squirrels was unknown. RP KOFORD, RR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,ROUTE 1,BOX 96C,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 73 IS 4 BP 930 EP 932 DI 10.2307/1382218 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JZ555 UT WOS:A1992JZ55500028 ER PT J AU ROHR, DM BLODGETT, RB FURNISH, WM AF ROHR, DM BLODGETT, RB FURNISH, WM TI MACLURINA-MANITOBENSIS (WHITEAVES) (ORDOVICIAN GASTROPODA) - THE LARGEST KNOWN PALEOZOIC GASTROPOD SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The concept of the Ordovician gastropod genus Maclurites Le Sueur, 1818, at present includes much variation. Maclurina Ulrich in Ulrich and Scofield, 1897, is removed as a subjective synonym of Maclurites and reestablished as a separate genus. Species, of Maclurites with spiral grooves on the outer whorl surface and a relatively small umbilicus are transferred to Maclurina. Maclurina manitobensis (Whiteaves, 1890) forms a distinctive part of the Late Ordovician-age ''Arctic Ordovician fauna.'' An unusually large specimen (25 cm in diameter) from the Bighorn Dolomite (Upper Ordovician), Wyoming, is illustrated; this Wyoming specimen is the volumetrically largest Paleozoic gastropod ever reported. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,RESTON,VA 22092. UNIV IOWA,DEPT GEOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP ROHR, DM (reprint author), SUL ROSS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,ALPINE,TX 79832, USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 66 IS 6 BP 880 EP 884 PG 5 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KJ329 UT WOS:A1992KJ32900003 ER PT J AU RIEHLE, JR CHAMPION, DE BREW, DA LANPHERE, MA AF RIEHLE, JR CHAMPION, DE BREW, DA LANPHERE, MA TI PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS OF THE MOUNT EDGECUMBE VOLCANIC FIELD, SOUTHEAST ALASKA - ERUPTIONS OF A STRATIFIED MAGMA CHAMBER SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SE ALASKA; PETROGENESIS; ASSIMILATION; IGNIMBRITE; EXAMPLE; ROCKS AB The Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field in southeastern Alaska consists of 5-6 km3 (DRE) of postglacial pyroclasts that overlie Pleistocene lavas. All eleven pyroclast vents align with the long axis of the field, implying that the pyroclast magma conduits followed a crustal fissure. Most of these vents had previously erupted lavas that are compositionally similar to the pyroclasts, so a persistent magma system (chamber) had likely evolved by the onset of the pyroclastic eruptions. The pyroclastic sequence was deposited in about a millennium and is remarkable for a wide range of upward-increasing silica contents (51-72% SiO2), which is consistent with rise of coexisting magmas at different rates governed by their viscosity. Basaltic and andesitic lava flows have erupted throughout the lifetime of the field. Rhyolite erupted late; we infer that it formed early but was hindered from rising by its high viscosity. Most of the magmas-and all siliceous ones-erupted from vents on the central fissure. Basalt has not erupted from the center of the field during at least the latter part of its lifetime. Thus the field may illustrate basalt underplating: heat and mass flux are concentrated at the center of a Stratified magma chamber in which a cap of siliceous, melt blocks the rise of basalt. Major-element, strontium isotope, and mineral compositions of unaltered pyroclasts are broadly similar to those of older lavas of similar SiO2 content. Slightly fewer phenocrysts, inherited grains, and trace amphibole in pyroclastic magmas may be due simply to faster rise and less undercooling and degassing before eruption relative to the lavas. Dacite occurs only in the youngest deposits; the magma formed by mixing of andesitic and rhyolitic magmas erupted shortly before by the dacitic vents. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1-4 BP 117 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(92)90078-R PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KE866 UT WOS:A1992KE86600009 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, JM MARINER, RH WHITE, LD PRESSER, TS EVANS, WC AF THOMPSON, JM MARINER, RH WHITE, LD PRESSER, TS EVANS, WC TI THERMAL WATERS ALONG THE KONOCTI BAY FAULT ZONE, LAKE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA - A REEVALUATION SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID K-CA GEOTHERMOMETER; COAST-RANGES AB The Konocti Bay fault zone (KBFZ), initially regarded by some as a promising target for liquid-dominated geothermal systems, has been a disappointment. At least five exploratory wells were drilled in the vicinity of the KBFZ, but none were successful. Although the Na-K-Ca and Na-Li geothermometers indicate that the thermal waters discharging in the vicinity of Howard and Seigler Springs may have equilibrated at temperatures greater than 200-degrees-C, the spring temperatures and fluid discharges are low. Most thermal waters along the KBFZ contain > 100 mg/l Mg. High concentrations of dissolved magnesium are usually indicative of relatively cool hydrothermal systems. Dissolution of serpentine at shallow depths may contribute dissolved silica and magnesium to rising thermal waters. Most thermal waters are saturated with respect to amorphous silica at the measured spring temperature. Silica geothermometers and mixing models are useless because the dissolved silica concentration is not controlled by the solubility of either quartz or chalcedony. Cation geothermometry indicates the possibility of a high-temperature fluid (> 200-degrees-C) only in the vicinity of Howard and Seigler Springs. However, even if the fluid temperature is as high as that indicated by the geothermometers, the permeability may be low. Deuterium and oxygen-18 values of the thermal waters indicate that they recharged locally and became enriched in oxygen-18 by exchange with rock. Diluting meteoric water and the thermal water appear to have the same deuterium value. Lack of tritium in the diluted spring waters suggest that the diluting water is old. RP THOMPSON, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(92)90080-W PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KE866 UT WOS:A1992KE86600011 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, DS JANIK, CJ KEITH, TEC AF SHEPPARD, DS JANIK, CJ KEITH, TEC TI A COMPARISON OF GAS GEOCHEMISTRY OF FUMAROLES IN THE 1912 ASH-FLOW SHEET AND ON ACTIVE STRATOVOLCANOES, KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VALLEY; SMOKES AB Fumarolic gas samples collected in 1978 and 1979 from the stratovolcanoes Mount Griggs, Mount Mageik, and the 1953-68 SW Trident cone in Katmai National Park, Alaska, have been analysed and the results presented here. Comparison with recalculated analyses of samples collected from the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) in 1917 and 1919 demonstrates differences between gases from the short-lived VTTS fumaroles, which were not directly magma related, and the fumaroles on the volcanic peaks. Fumarolic gases of Mount Griggs have an elevated total He content, suggesting a more direct deep crustal or mantle source for these gases than those from the other volcanoes. C1 DSIR,PETONE,NEW ZEALAND. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 53 IS 1-4 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(92)90081-N PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KE866 UT WOS:A1992KE86600012 ER PT J AU HUBERT, WA GUENTHER, PM AF HUBERT, WA GUENTHER, PM TI NON-SALMONID FISHES AND MORPHOEDAPHIC FEATURES AFFECT ABUNDANCE OF TROUTS IN WYOMING RESERVOIRS SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Quantitative relations between the abundance of trout in reservoirs and chemical, physical, and biological factors are not well defined. We assessed standing stocks of trout in 22 reservoirs in Wyoming for their relation to the abundance of non-salmonid fishes and morphoedaphic features. Trout standing stocks were lower in reservoirs where non-salmonid fishes were abundant, but increased as total dissolved solids increased. A two-variable (non-salmonid fishes and total dissolved solids) multiple-regression model accounted for most variation (R2 = 0.56) in trout standing stocks. Our results suggest the possibility of competition between trout and non-salmonid fishes in Wyoming reservoirs. They also indicate that total dissolved solids influence biological productivity and trout abundance in an asymptotic manner at concentrations between 54 and 14,442 mg/L. RP HUBERT, WA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 66 IS 4 BP 224 EP 228 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JW776 UT WOS:A1992JW77600003 ER PT J AU SANCETTA, C LYLE, M HEUSSER, L ZAHN, R BRADBURY, JP AF SANCETTA, C LYLE, M HEUSSER, L ZAHN, R BRADBURY, JP TI LATE-GLACIAL TO HOLOCENE CHANGES IN WINDS, UPWELLING, AND SEASONAL PRODUCTION OF THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPRING TRANSITION; WASHINGTON; PACIFIC; COAST; VEGETATION; AMERICA; OREGON; LAKE C1 GEOMAR,W-2300 KIEL 14,GERMANY. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SANCETTA, C (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0033-5894(92)90044-J PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA KD125 UT WOS:A1992KD12500007 ER PT J AU ELIAS, SA SHORT, SK PHILLIPS, RL AF ELIAS, SA SHORT, SK PHILLIPS, RL TI PALEOECOLOGY OF LATE-GLACIAL PEATS FROM THE BERING LAND-BRIDGE, CHUKCHI SEA SHELF REGION, NORTHWESTERN ALASKA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLINIDAE; COLEOPTERA; POLLEN; USA C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ANTHROPOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ELIAS, SA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,BOX 450,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 371 EP 378 DI 10.1016/0033-5894(92)90045-K PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA KD125 UT WOS:A1992KD12500008 ER PT J AU WATSON, K AF WATSON, K TI SPECTRAL RATIO METHOD FOR MEASURING EMISSIVITY SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB The spectral ratio method is based on the concept that although the spectral radiances are very sensitive to small changes in temperature the ratios are not. Only an approximate estimate of temperature is required thus, for example, we can determine the emissivity ratio to an accuracy of 1 % with a temperature estimate that is only accurate to 12.5 K. Selecting the maximum value of the channel brightness temperatures is an unbiased estimate. Laboratory and field spectral data are easily converted into spectral ratio plots. The ratio method is limited by system signal:noise and spectral bandwidth. The images can appear quite noisy because ratios enhance high frequencies and may require spatial filtering. Atmospheric effects tend to rescale the ratios and require using an atmospheric model or a calibration site. RP WATSON, K (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED BLDG,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 5 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90094-Z PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JU973 UT WOS:A1992JU97300004 ER PT J AU WATSON, K AF WATSON, K TI 2-TEMPERATURE METHOD FOR MEASURING EMISSIVITY SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Spectral emissivity can be uniquely determined from radiance measurements if the object can be observed at two different temperatures. The advantage of this approach is that the spectral emissivity is determined without a priori assumptions about spectral shape. Because the different temperatures are obtained by observing the scene at two times in the diurnal cycle (optimally after midday and midnight), the method assumes that emissivity is temporally invariant. This is valid for rocks and dry soils, not well established for vegetation, and not true when changes in soil moisture occur between the measurements. Accurate image registration and satisfactory signal:noise are critical factors that limit extensive use of this method. RP WATSON, K (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED BLDG,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 6 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 42 IS 2 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90095-2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JU973 UT WOS:A1992JU97300005 ER PT J AU NIMMO, JR AF NIMMO, JR TI SEMIEMPIRICAL MODEL OF SOIL-WATER HYSTERESIS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SURFACE-TENSION AB In order to represent hysteretic soil water retention curves accurately using as few measurements as possible, a new semiempirical model has been developed. It has two postulates related to physical characteristics of the medium, and two parameters, each with a definite physical interpretation, whose values are determined empirically for a given porous medium. One parameter represents the fraction of the pore space that is not subject to Haines jump hysteresis. Its associated postulate is that a single value of this parameter characterizes a given medium, or, equivalently, that the medium is self-similar with respect to the division between hysteretic and nonhysteretic pore space. The second parameter is the effective body-to-neck size ratio of the medium's largest pore. The second postulate specifies a particular relation between the size distributions of pore bodies and of pore necks. Tests of the model show that it provides high-quality optimized fits to measured water content vs. matric pressure wetting curves for a wide variety of media. The parameter values obtained through optimization correlate plausibly with such media properties as uniformity of particles, complexity of structure, and degree of compaction. A practical use of this model is to provide a complete simulated main wetting curve for a medium where only a main drying curve and two points on the wetting curve have been measured. With additional development, it may be possible to do without the two measured wetting points if parameters can be evaluated from other measurements or known properties of the medium. RP NIMMO, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MS-421,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1730 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800011 ER PT J AU NIMMO, JR AKSTIN, KC MELLO, KA AF NIMMO, JR AKSTIN, KC MELLO, KA TI IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AT LOW WATER-CONTENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID CENTRIFUGAL FIELD; UNSATURATED FLOW AB A modification of the steady-state centrifuge method (SSCM) for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) measurement improves the range and adjustability of this method. The modified apparatus allows mechanical adjustments to vary the measured K by a factor of 360. In addition, the use of different flow-regulating ceramic materials can give a total K range covering about six orders of magnitude. The increment of K adjustment is a factor of about 1.6. This makes it potentially useful for measuring targeted values of K or, through a trial and error procedure, of water content (theta). The range extension afforded by this modification has led to the lowest steady-state K measurement to date: 1.1 x 10(-11) m/s at theta of 0.068 m3 water/m3 for a sandy soil of the Delhi series (mixed, thermic Typic Xeropsamment). RP NIMMO, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-421,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1758 EP 1761 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800017 ER PT J AU ANDRASKI, BJ LOWERY, B AF ANDRASKI, BJ LOWERY, B TI EROSION EFFECTS ON SOIL-WATER STORAGE, PLANT WATER-UPTAKE, AND CORN GROWTH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 07-12, 1993 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID LANDSCAPE POSITION; PIEDMONT SOILS; YIELD; DEPTH; PRODUCTIVITY AB Many investigators have suggested that the greatest negative effect of erosion on soil productivity is the decrease in available water-holding capacity, but few have attempted to evaluate this relation directly. In this 4-yr study, we evaluated the effects of past erosion on soil water storage, plant water uptake, and corn (Zea mays L.) growth on a linear slope of Dubuque silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in southwestern Wisconsin. Levels of past erosion were based on depth to red clay (2Bt horizon): slight, 0.95 m; moderate, 0.74 m; and severe, 0.45 m. The total quantity of plant-extractable water that could be stored in the upper 1 m of slightly eroded soil (181 mm) was 7% more than that for moderately eroded soil (169 mm) and 14% more than that for severely eroded soil (159 mm). For all erosion levels, water retained in the 0.5- to 1.0-m soil depth was utilized by corn. Erosion level had no negative effect on early-season plant growth. As plant-extractable water decreased to < 55 to 60% of total, evapotranspiration (ET) and vegetative-growth rates decreased as erosion level increased. The greatest differences in ET rates among erosion levels were observed during a 35-d period in the drought year of 1988 when rates averaged 3.7 mm d-1 for slight erosion, 2.6 mm d-1 for moderate erosion, and 2.2 mm d-1 for severe erosion. For the 3 yr in which plant water stress was observed, maximum plant heights for the slight erosion level averaged 7% mom than those for moderate erosion and 13% more than those for severe erosion. Although the soil's capacity to store and supply water decreased as erosion increased, the observed effects of erosion level on grain and stover yields, grain-yield components, and harvest populations typically were not significant. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,1525 OBSERV DR,MADISON,WI 53706. US GEOL SURVEY,CARSON CITY,NV 89706. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1911 EP 1919 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KJ488 UT WOS:A1992KJ48800044 ER PT J AU STUART, JN SCOTT, NJ AF STUART, JN SCOTT, NJ TI RANGE EXTENSION OF THE NORTHERN PYGMY MOUSE, BAIOMYS-TAYLORI, IN NEW-MEXICO SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP STUART, JN (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,MUSEUM SW BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, LUBBOCK, TX 79401 SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 44 IS 4 BP 487 EP 489 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JZ718 UT WOS:A1992JZ71800012 ER PT J AU WEST, RL SMITH, MW BARBER, WE REYNOLDS, JB HOP, H AF WEST, RL SMITH, MW BARBER, WE REYNOLDS, JB HOP, H TI AUTUMN MIGRATION AND OVERWINTERING OF ARCTIC GRAYLING IN COASTAL STREAMS OF THE ARCTIC NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, ALASKA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB During 1984 and 1985, 67 adult Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus with surgically implanted radio transmitters were released at their summer feeding areas in three river systems of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. We tracked the fish from aircraft to determine patterns of autumn migration to overwintering locations. During August or September in each area, fish left the small tundra streams where they were tagged and migrated into larger streams. Migration rates peaked at 5-6 km/d about 1 September and averaged 1 km/d. Fish in two river systems moved into adjacent rivers after passage through estuarine waters. Migration distances from spawning or summer feeding areas to overwintering sites were as great as 101 km. Potential overwintering areas determined from transmitter relocations included deep pools, spring-fed areas, and lakes. Management problems associated with these extensive seasonal migrations may include the maintenance of the species migratory circuit in a region that may face future development. C1 UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,ALASKA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISH & WILDLIFE ENHANCEMENT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 121 IS 6 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0709:AMAOOA>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR622 UT WOS:A1992KR62200002 ER PT J AU HUGHES, SG LEMM, CA HERMAN, RL AF HUGHES, SG LEMM, CA HERMAN, RL TI DEVELOPMENT OF A PRACTICAL DIET FOR JUVENILE STRIPED BASS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT SALMO; ATLANTIC SALMON; AMINO-ACIDS; GROWTH; GAIRDNERI; FRY; SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITION; PROTEIN; CHITIN AB We formulated four diets that simulated the amino acid profiles of eggs of striped bass Morone saxatilis, carcasses of larval striped bass, eggs of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, or nauplii of Artemia salina; a fifth diet contained a high concentration (33.6%) of shrimp meal. These diets were fed to juvenile striped bass for 14 weeks. Striped bass grew best when fed diets with an amino acid pattern that simulated the patterns of rainbow trout eggs or Artemia salina. Fish fed these two diets grew as well as, and had carcass compositions and protein efficiency ratios similar to those of, control fish fed the federally specified ASD2-30 salmon diet. No histological or morphological abnormalities were noted. These two diets, which have potentially lower production costs and contain slightly less protein than ASD2-30, may be used as prototype diets specifically for striped bass. Through further minor refinements, the diets could be used in production hatcheries. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP HUGHES, SG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,PHILADELPHIA FIELD STN,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 121 IS 6 BP 802 EP 809 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0802:DOAPDF>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR622 UT WOS:A1992KR62200013 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DP JENEY, G AF ANDERSON, DP JENEY, G TI IMMUNOSTIMULANTS ADDED TO INJECTED AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA BACTERIN ENHANCE THE DEFENSE-MECHANISMS AND PROTECTION IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; LEVAMISOLE; ADJUVANT; CELLS AB Immunostimulants were given to rainbow trout for assaying effects on modulating non-specific defense mechanisms, specific immune response, and Protection levels against pathogen challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida. Three drugs, levamisole (an approved veterinary drug in the USA), a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), and a short-chain polypeptide (ISK) were found to affect the non-specific defense mechanism activities, which were measured by changes in circulatory neutrophil and phagocytic activity levels, and the specific immune response factors, which were measured by numbers of plaque-forming cells, and circulatory antibody levels. When given alone, the immunostimulants elevated the non-specific factors. When injected in combination with an A. salmonicida O-antigen bacterin, the non-specific factors were further elevated, and the specific response was raised over samples taken from fish given the bacterin without the immunostimulants. Challenge tests with the virulent pathogen, A. salmonicida, showed a 5-6 day delay in the onset of mortalities in the fish given the immunostimulants alone, and a 12-14 day delay when immunostimulants given were combined with the bacterin. In the groups given the QAC or ISK with the bacterin, there was a 20% and 40% survival rate, respectively. RP ANDERSON, DP (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. RI Jeney, Galina/E-8778-2011 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90177-R PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JZ066 UT WOS:A1992JZ06600014 PM 1280879 ER PT J AU MARTIN, GR SMOOT, JL WHITE, KD AF MARTIN, GR SMOOT, JL WHITE, KD TI A COMPARISON OF SURFACE-GRAB AND CROSS SECTIONALLY INTEGRATED STREAM-WATER-QUALITY SAMPLING METHODS SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MONITORING; SAMPLING; SEDIMENT; STREAMS; WATER QUALITY AB Stream sampling for water quality data has commonly employed simple surface-grab procedures as opposed to more involved, cross sectionally integrated techniques. Paired samples for analysis of selected constituents were collected over various flow conditions at four sites to evaluate differences between the two sampling methods. Concentrations of dissolved constituents were not consistently different. However, concentrations of suspended sediment and the total forms of some sediment-associated constituents, such as phosphorus, iron, and manganese, were significantly lower in the surface-grab samples than in the cross sectionally integrated samples. The largest median percent difference in concentration for a site was 60% (total recoverable manganese). Median percent differences in concentration for sediment-associated constituents considering all sites grouped were in the range of 20-25%. The surface-grab samples underrepresented concentrations of suspended sediment and some sediment-associated constituents, thus limiting the applicability of such data for certain purposes. An association was also demonstrated between site streamflow characteristics and the observed differences. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV SO ALABAMA,MOBILE,AL 36688. RP MARTIN, GR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,2301 BRADLEY AVE,LOUISVILLE,KY 40217, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 64 IS 7 BP 866 EP 876 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KB949 UT WOS:A1992KB94900004 ER PT J AU KALKHOFF, SJ DETROY, MG CHERRYHOLMES, KL KUZNIAR, RL AF KALKHOFF, SJ DETROY, MG CHERRYHOLMES, KL KUZNIAR, RL TI HERBICIDE AND NITRATE VARIATION IN ALLUVIUM UNDERLYING A CORN FIELD AT A SITE IN IOWA COUNTY, IOWA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; INFILTRATION; NUTRIENTS; HERBICIDES; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER ID NO-TILLAGE PRACTICES; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; MOVEMENT; SOIL; DEGRADATION; CYANAZINE AB A hydrologic investigation to determine vertical and seasonal variation of atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, and nitrate at one location and to relate the variation to ground-water movement in the Iowa River alluvium was conducted in Iowa County, Iowa, from March 1986 to December 1987. Water samples were collected at discrete intervals through the alluvial sequence from the soil zone to the base of the aquifer. Alachlor, atrazine, and cyanazine were detected most frequently in the soil zone but also were present in the upper part of the alluvial aquifer. Alachlor was detected sporadically, whereas, atrazine, cyanazine, and nitrate were present throughout the year. In the alluvial aquifer, the herbicides generally were not detected during 1986 and were present in detectable concentrations for only a short period of time in the upper 1.6 meters of the aquifer during 1987. Nitrate was present throughout the alluvium and was stratified in the alluvial aquifer. The largest nitrate concentrations were detected in the middle part of the aquifer. Nitrate concentrations were variable only in the upper 2 meters of the aquifer. Vertical movement of herbicides and nitrate in the soil correlated with precipitation and degree of saturation. A clay layer retarded vertical movement of atrazine but not nitrate from the soil layer to the aquifer. Vertical movement could not account for the chemical variation in the alluvial aquifer. C1 ONTARIO ENVIRONM INC,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46204. ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,RE SPEC,ROSEVILLE,MN 55113. RP KALKHOFF, SJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,400 S CLINTON ST,IOWA CITY,IA 52240, USA. OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1992 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1011 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LD804 UT WOS:A1992LD80400002 ER PT J AU UNDERWOOD, MR PETERSON, FL VOSS, CI AF UNDERWOOD, MR PETERSON, FL VOSS, CI TI GROUNDWATER LENS DYNAMICS OF ATOLL ISLANDS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; HYDROGEOLOGY; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB A variable-density groundwater model is used to analyze the effects of various controls on the size of the freshwater lens, the structure of the transition zone, and the propagation of tidal fluctuations in a two-layer atoll island groundwater system. Modeling results indicate that mixing of fresh water and saltwater occurs primarily as a result of oscillating vertical flow due to tidal fluctuations and depends to a lesser extent on transverse dispersion along the dominantly horizontal recharge-discharge path of flow. The controls on the amount of mixing are: (1) the accumulated vertical distance, which increases with tidal range and is restricted by vertical permeabilities, and (2) vertical longitudinal dispersion. Comparison of cross-sectional simulations of atoll islands using nontidal and tidal models shows that the nontidal model must use artificially high values of transverse dispersivity to compensate for the lack of tidally driven, vertical mixing processes. Although the tidal model has high computational requirements, it can be used to calibrate vertical permeabilities and is best suited for problems dealing with groundwater resource evaluations, hydrologic events, and hydrologic processes. The limitations of the nontidal model are that it cannot be used for calibration of vertical permeabilities and will not realistically simulate those cases in which transition zones are thick or recharge low. C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. RP UNDERWOOD, MR (reprint author), BSK & ASSOCIATES,FRESNO,CA 93706, USA. NR 40 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1992 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2889 EP 2902 DI 10.1029/92WR01723 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JW482 UT WOS:A1992JW48200002 ER PT J AU HARLOW, DH WHITE, RA CIFUENTES, IL ABURTO, QA AF HARLOW, DH WHITE, RA CIFUENTES, IL ABURTO, QA TI FORECAST OF EARTHQUAKE IN WESTERN NICARAGUA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. UNIV NEVADA,MACKAY SCH MINES,SEISMOL LAB,RENO,NV 89557. RP HARLOW, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 30 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5083 BP 726 EP 726 DI 10.1126/science.258.5083.726 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JV692 UT WOS:A1992JV69200005 PM 17777017 ER PT J AU CANNON, WF AF CANNON, WF TI THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT IN THE LAKE-SUPERIOR REGION WITH EMPHASIS ON ITS GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON GEODYNAMICS OF RIFTING CY NOV 04-11, 1990 CL GLION MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP INTER UNION COMMISS LITHOSPHERE ID MID-CONTINENT RIFT; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; KEWEENAW PENINSULA; SYSTEM; PALEOMAGNETISM; RESOLUTION; CRUSTAL; ROCKS AB The Midcontinent rift is a Middle Proterozoic continental rift which records about 15 m.y. of extension, subsidence, and voluminous volcanism in the period 1109-1094 Ma in the central part of North America. During that time the crust was nearly totally separated and as much as 25 km of subaerial basalts accumulated in a deep central depression. Following extension and volcanism, a longer period of subsidence resulted in development of a post-rift sedimentary basin in which as much a 8 km of fluvial and lacustrine clastic rocks were deposited. Partial inversion of the central depression occurred about 30-50 m.y. after extension to produce the current configuration of a central horst, composed mostly of thick volcanic accumulations, between shallower flanking basins. RP CANNON, WF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 23 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 30 PY 1992 VL 213 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90250-A PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW837 UT WOS:A1992JW83700004 ER PT J AU CANNON, WF HINZE, WJ AF CANNON, WF HINZE, WJ TI SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE NORTH-AMERICAN MIDCONTINENT RIFT SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON GEODYNAMICS OF RIFTING CY NOV 04-11, 1990 CL GLION MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP INTER UNION COMMISS LITHOSPHERE ID LAKE-SUPERIOR; PLATE TECTONICS; FLOOD BASALTS; PALEOMAGNETISM; ROCKS; EVOLUTION; MAGMATISM; BENEATH; CANADA; SR AB The Midcontinent rift is an example of lithospheric extension and flood basalt volcanism induced when a new mantle plume arrived near the base of the lithosphere. Very large volumes of basaltic magma were generated and partly erupted before substantial lithospheric extension began. Volcanism continued, along with extension and deep rift subsidence, for the ensuing 15 m.y. Much of the basaltic magma, including some of the earliest flows, was formed by partial melting of isotopically primitive asthenosphere contained in the plume head. The intense but relatively short duration of rifting and magmatism is a result of the dissipation of thermal and mechanical energy in the plume head. As the plume head spread beneath the lithosphere, it stretched the overlying lithosphere radially away from the Lake Superior region, the triple junction of the rift system, and partially melted to form the great volume of basalt and related intrusive rocks of the region. The plume arrived beneath a continent that was under compression as a result of the ongoing Grenville orogeny that affected a large region east of the rift. That compression prevented full continental separation and eventually returned the region to compressional tectonics as the energy of the plume head waned. C1 PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP CANNON, WF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22091, USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 30 PY 1992 VL 213 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90251-Z PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW837 UT WOS:A1992JW83700005 ER PT J AU ACHAUER, U MAGUIRE, PKH MECHIE, J GREEN, WV PRODEHL, C FUCHS, K KHAN, MA KELLER, GR MOONEY, W JACOB, B THYBO, H NYAMBOK, IO PATEL, J BRAILE, LW THOMPSON, G GAJEWSKI, D MEYER, RP RIAROH, D AF ACHAUER, U MAGUIRE, PKH MECHIE, J GREEN, WV PRODEHL, C FUCHS, K KHAN, MA KELLER, GR MOONEY, W JACOB, B THYBO, H NYAMBOK, IO PATEL, J BRAILE, LW THOMPSON, G GAJEWSKI, D MEYER, RP RIAROH, D TI SOME REMARKS ON THE STRUCTURE AND GEODYNAMICS OF THE KENYA RIFT SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON GEODYNAMICS OF RIFTING CY NOV 04-11, 1990 CL GLION MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP INTER UNION COMMISS LITHOSPHERE ID EAST-AFRICAN RIFT; ISOSTATIC COMPENSATION; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; WAVE VELOCITIES; GREGORY RIFT; BENEATH; GRAVITY; VALLEY; ZONES; LITHOSPHERE AB Since 1985 the KRISP working group has recorded a number of seismic profiles and carried out array experiments in the Kenya Rift valley. Long range profiling has shown that across the Rift at latitude 0.5-degrees, the crust thins from 40 km beneath the western flank to 30 km beneath the graben proper, and thickens again to 35 km beneath the eastern flank. The crustal thickness beneath the graben decreases northwards from 35 km beneath the culmination of the Kenya dome to 20 km under Lake Turkana, suggesting a change to a highly extended terrain in the northern Kenya Rift. Furthermore, the anomalous low mantle velocities of 7.5-7.6 km/s suggest that the upper mantle immediately beneath the Rift may contain reservoirs of magmas, which were generated at greater depth. The anomalous mantle under the graben proper, as seen by the tomographic imaging, is characterized by a large, steep walled low velocity zone with a velocity decrease of at least 10% in the central part between 65 and 100 km depth which reaches down to more than 150 km. A comparison of the shape and size of the observed Bouguer anomaly with the LVZ suggests that the upper mantle beneath the Rift probably includes some 5% partial melt, concentrated in the areas with lowest velocities. These results provide new constraints for geodynamic models of the evolution of the Kenya Rift. C1 UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT GEOL,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV KARLSRUHE,TH,INST GEOPHYS,W-7500 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. OBSERV GRENOBLE,GEOPHYS INTERNE & TECTONOPHYS,BP 53X,F-38041 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT GEOL SCI,EL PASO,TX 79968. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. DUBLIN INST ADV STUDIES,GEOPHYS SECT,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. UNIV COPENHAGEN,INST ALMEN GEOL,DK-1168 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV NAIROBI,NAIROBI,KENYA. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. STANFORD UNIV,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV CLAUSTHAL,INST GEOPHYS,CLAUSTHAL ZELLERFE,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. MINIST ENERGY,NAIROBI,KENYA. RI Gajewski, Dirk/C-1077-2011; Thybo, Hans/B-9292-2008 OI Thybo, Hans/0000-0002-3945-8065 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 30 PY 1992 VL 213 IS 1-2 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90262-5 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW837 UT WOS:A1992JW83700016 ER PT J AU SHARPTON, VL DALRYMPLE, GB MARIN, LE RYDER, G SCHURAYTZ, BC URRUTIAFUCUGAUCHI, J AF SHARPTON, VL DALRYMPLE, GB MARIN, LE RYDER, G SCHURAYTZ, BC URRUTIAFUCUGAUCHI, J TI NEW LINKS BETWEEN THE CHICXULUB IMPACT STRUCTURE AND THE CRETACEOUS TERTIARY BOUNDARY SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GLASSES; MEXICO; HAITI; AGE AB THE 200-km-diameter Chicxulub structure1-3 in northern Yucatan, Mexico has emerged as the prime candidate for the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary impact crater3-6. Concentric geophysical anomalies associated with enigmatic occurrences of Upper Cretaceous breccias and andesitic rocks led Penfield and Camargo1 to suspect that this structure was a buried impact basin. More recently, the discovery of shocked quartz grains in a Chicxulub breccia3, and chemical similarities between Chicxulub rocks and K/T tektite-like glasses3-6 have been advanced as evidence that the Chicxulub structure is a K/T impact site. Here we present evidence from core samples that Chicxulub is indeed a K/T source crater, and can apparently account for all the evidence of impact distributed globally at the K/T boundary without the need for simultaneous multiple impacts or comet showers. Shocked breccia clasts found in the cores are similar to shocked lithic fragments found worldwide in the K/T boundary ejecta layer7,8. The Chicxulub melt rocks that we studied contain anomalously high levels of iridium (up to 13.5 parts per 10(9)), also consistent with the iridium-enriched K/T boundary layer9. Our best estimate of the crystallization age of these melt rocks, as determined by Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses, is 65.2 +/- 0.4 (1sigma) Myr, in good agreement with the mean plateau age of 64.98 +/- 0.05 Myr recently reported10. Furthermore, these melt rocks acquired a remanent magnetization indicating that they cooled during an episode of reversed geomagnetic polarity. The only such episode consistent with Ar-40/Ar-39 constraints is chron 29R, which includes the K/T boundary. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST GEOFIS,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RP SHARPTON, VL (reprint author), LUNAR & PLANETARY INST,3600 BAY AREA BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 30 TC 187 Z9 192 U1 5 U2 13 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 29 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6398 BP 819 EP 821 DI 10.1038/359819a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JV777 UT WOS:A1992JV77700060 ER PT J AU KIRK, RL SODERBLOM, LA LEE, EM AF KIRK, RL SODERBLOM, LA LEE, EM TI ENHANCED VISUALIZATION FOR INTERPRETATION OF MAGELLAN RADAR DATA - SUPPLEMENT TO THE MAGELLAN SPECIAL ISSUE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article AB The differences of radar data from more familiar photographic images, coupled with the unique geologic characteristics of Venus's surface, can make interpretation of the standard Magellan data products difficult for both planetary scientists and nonspecialists. We describe a set of digital processing techniques for transforming individual remote-sensing datasets in order to make the information they contain more apparent, and for combining multiple datasets of diverse resolution and information content into synthetic images that allow the viewer to explore correlations among the data. The creation of derived data products by techniques like those we describe is becoming increasingly widespread and important, both for scientific research and for use in educational and media presentations. We apply our processing techniques to Magellan synthetic aperture radar images, altimetry, and microwave emissivity measurements of four areas that exemplify some of the most important styles of geologic activity on Venus. RP KIRK, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD OCT 25 PY 1992 VL 97 IS E10 BP 16371 EP 16380 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JV615 UT WOS:A1992JV61500021 ER PT J AU SLEEP, NH BLANPIED, ML AF SLEEP, NH BLANPIED, ML TI CREEP, COMPACTION AND THE WEAK RHEOLOGY OF MAJOR FAULTS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE SOLUTION; DEFORMATION BANDS; FLUID-PRESSURE; ROCK; SANDSTONE; QUARTZ; ZONES; SLIP; EARTHQUAKES; DILATANCY AB Field and laboratory observations suggest that the porosity within fault zones varies over earthquake cycles so that fluid pressure is in long-term equilibrium with hydrostatic fluid pressure in the country rock. Between earthquakes, ductile creep compacts the fault zone, increasing fluid pressure, and finally allowing frictional failure at relatively low shear stress. Earthquake faulting restores porosity and decreases fluid pressure to below hydrostatic. This mechanism may explain why major faults, such as the San Andreas system, are weak. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP SLEEP, NH (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 49 TC 287 Z9 292 U1 2 U2 33 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 22 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6397 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1038/359687a0 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JU650 UT WOS:A1992JU65000044 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, JS FLOHR, MJK GROSSMAN, JN AF HUEBNER, JS FLOHR, MJK GROSSMAN, JN TI CHEMICAL FLUXES AND ORIGIN OF A MANGANESE CARBONATE OXIDE SILICATE DEPOSIT IN BEDDED CHERT SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; HYDROTHERMAL CONVECTION; FRANCISCAN ASSEMBLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; ROCKS; DIAGENESIS AB Lens-like rhodochrosite-rich bodies within interbedded chert and shale are associated with basalt and/or graywacke in ophiolitic and orogenic zones. The Buckeye manganese mine in the Franciscan Complex of the California Coast Ranges is associated with metagraywacke. Despite blueschist-facies metamorphism, this deposit preserves the compositions and some textural features of its sedimentary protoliths. For this reason, it is a suitable deposit with which to compare more intensely altered deposits, or deposits originating in different paleoenvironments. Six Mn-rich and three Mn-poor minerals form monomineralic layers and mixtures: rhodochrosite, gageite, Mn-oxides (hausmannite, braunite), divalent Mn-silicates caryopilite, taneyamalite), chlorite, quartz (metachert) and aegirine-augite. The Mn-rich protoliths have high Mn/Fe combined with relatively low concentrations of Ca, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Th and REE. REE patterns of various protoliths are distinct. Rhodochrosite and gageite layers are depleted (seawater X 5 . 10(4)) and flat, whereas patterns of metachert and the Mn-silicate-rich layers mimic the patterns of metashale and metagraywacke (seawater x 10(6)). Hausmannite layers have flat patterns (seawater x 7.10(4)) whereas braunite-rich layers are more enriched (seawater X 2.10(5)) and show a distinct positive Ce anomaly. Factor analysis reveals components and fluxes attributed to sub-seafloor fluids (Ni, As, Zn, Sb, W, Mn), seawater (Mg, Au, V, Mo), detritus and veins (Ca, Ba, Sr). Silica is negatively correlated with the sub-seafloor factor. The observed variances indicate that water from the sediment column mixed with seawater, that deposition occurred near the sediment-seawater interface before mixtures of subsurface fluid and seawater homogenized, and that the system was not entirely closed during metamorphism. The variations in REE enrichment can be related to kinetics of deposition: rhodochrosite and gageite were precipitated most rapidly, and therefore were the protoliths that most effectively diluted the REE-rich background resulting from fine clastic material (derived from distal turbidites). The variation of the Ce anomaly and U/Th among diverse lithologies and the differences in Mn oxidation states are consistent with progressive dilution of reduced subsurface fluids with oxidized seawater. By this scheme, rhodochrosite, gageite and hausmannite were deposited from the most reduced fluids, braunite from intermediate mixtures, and Mn-silicates from the sub-seafloor fluids most diluted with fresh seawater. Comparison of the Buckeye with other lens-like and sheet-like deposits having high Mn/Fe and containing Mn3+ and/or Mn2+ suggests that each had three essential fluxes: a sub-seafloor source of Mn, a local source of very soluble silica and a source of relatively fresh, oxygenated water. Additional fluxes, such as clastics, appear to be more characteristic of the paleoenvironment than the three essential fluxes. RP US GEOL SURVEY, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 118 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90104-D PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JX542 UT WOS:A1992JX54200006 ER PT J AU SIGNELL, RP BUTMAN, B AF SIGNELL, RP BUTMAN, B TI MODELING TIDAL EXCHANGE AND DISPERSION IN BOSTON HARBOR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL CURRENTS; GEORGES BANK AB Tidal dispersion and the horizontal exchange of water between Boston Harbor and the surrounding ocean are examined with a high-resolution (200 m) depth-averaged numerical model. The strongly varying bathymetry and coastline geometry of the harbor generate complex spatial patterns in the modeled tidal currents which are verified by shipboard acoustic Doppler surveys. Lagrangian exchange experiments demonstrate that tidal currents rapidly exchange and mix material near the inlets of the harbor due to asymmetry in the ebb/flood response. This tidal mixing zone extends roughly a tidal excursion from the inlets and plays an important role in the overall flushing of the harbor. Because the tides can only efficiently mix material in this limited region, however, harbor flushing must be considered a two step process: rapid exchange in the tidal mixing zone, followed by flushing of the tidal mixing zone by nontidal residual currents. Estimates of embayment flushing based on tidal calculations alone therefore can significantly overestimate the flushing time that would be expected under typical environmental conditions. Particle-release simulations from point sources also demonstrate that while the tides efficiently exchange material in the vicinity of the inlets, the exact nature of dispersion from point sources is extremely sensitive to the timing and location of the release, and the distribution of particles is streaky and patchlike. This suggests that high-resolution modeling of dispersion from point sources in these regions must be performed explicitly and cannot be parameterized as a plume with Gaussian-spreading in a larger scale flow field. RP SIGNELL, RP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,QUISSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 35 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 97 IS C10 BP 15591 EP 15606 DI 10.1029/92JC01429 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JT996 UT WOS:A1992JT99600011 ER PT J AU VIDALE, JE BENZ, HM AF VIDALE, JE BENZ, HM TI A SHARP AND FLAT SECTION OF THE CORE MANTLE BOUNDARY SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY-STRUCTURE; THERMAL STATE; EARTH; IRON AB THE transition zone between the Earth's core and mantle plays an important role as a boundary layer for mantle and core convection1. This zone conducts a large amount of heat from the core to the mantle, and contains at least one thermal boundary layer2,3; the proximity of reactive silicates and molten iron leads to the possibility of zones of intermediate composition4. Here we investigate one region of the core-mantle boundary using seismic waves that are converted from shear to compressional waves by reflection at the boundary. The use of this phase (known as ScP), the large number of receiving stations, and the large aperture of our array all provide higher resolution than has previously been possible5-7. For the 350-km-long section of the core-mantle boundary under the northeast Pacific sampled by the reflections, the local boundary topography has an amplitude of less than 500 m, no sharp radial gradients exist in the 400 km above the boundary, and the mantle-to-core transition occurs over less than 1 km. The simplicity of the structure near and above the core-mantle boundary argues against chemical heterogeneity at the base of the mantle in this location. RP VIDALE, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SEISMOL BRANCH,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6396 BP 627 EP 629 DI 10.1038/359627a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JT824 UT WOS:A1992JT82400053 ER PT J AU COLLOT, JY LALLEMAND, S PELLETIER, B EISSEN, JP GLACON, G FISHER, MA GREENE, HG BOULIN, J DANIEL, J MONZIER, M AF COLLOT, JY LALLEMAND, S PELLETIER, B EISSEN, JP GLACON, G FISHER, MA GREENE, HG BOULIN, J DANIEL, J MONZIER, M TI GEOLOGY OF THE DENTRECASTEAUX-NEW HEBRIDES ARC COLLISION ZONE - RESULTS FROM A DEEP SUBMERSIBLE SURVEY SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISLAND-ARC; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; JAPAN TRENCH; TECTONIC EROSION; MALEKULA ISLANDS; PLATE MOTIONS; SUBDUCTION; NORTH; SEAMOUNT; VANUATU AB During the SUBPSO1 cruise, seven submersible dives were conducted between water depths of 5350 and 900 m over the collision zone between the New Hebrides island arc and the d'Entrecasteaux Zone (DEZ). The DEZ, a topographic high on the Australian plate, encompasses the North d'Entrecasteaux Ridge (NDR) and the Bougainville guyot, both of which collide with the island-arc slope. In this report we use diving observations and samples, as well as dredging results, to analyse the geology of the Bougainville guyot and the outer arc slope in the DEZ-arc collision zone, and to decipher the mechanisms of seamount subduction. These data indicate that the Bougainville guyot is a middle Eocene island arc volcano capped with reef limestones that appear to have been deposited during the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene and in Miocene-Pliocene times. This guyot possibly emerged during the Middle and Late Miocene, and started to sink in the New Hebrides trench after the Pliocene. The rocks of the New Hebrides arc slope, in the collision zone, consist primarily of Pliocene-Recent volcaniclastic rocks derived from the arc, and underlying fractured island-arc volcanic basement, possibly of Late Miocene age. However, highly sheared, Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene nannofossil ooze and chalk are exposed at the toe of the arc slope against the northern flank of the NDR. Based on a comparison with cores collected at DSDP Site 286, the ooze and chalk can be interpreted as sediments accreted from the downgoing plate. East of the Bougainville guyot an antiform that developed in the arc slope as a consequence of the collision reveals a 500-m-thick wedge of strongly tectonized rocks, possibly accreted from the guyot or an already subducted seamount. The wedge that is overlain by less deformed volcaniclastic island-arc rocks and sediments includes imbricated layers of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene reef and micritic limestones. This wedge, which develops against the leading flank of the guyot, tends to smooth its high-drag shape. A comparison between the 500-m-thick wedge of limestones that outcrops southeast of the guyot and the absence of such a wedge over the flat top of the guyot, although the top is overthrust by island-arc rocks and sediments, can be interpreted to suggest that the wedge moves in the subduction zone with the guyot and facilitates its subduction by streamlining. C1 UNIV PROVENCE,STRATIG & PALEOECOL LAB,F-13000 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. UNIV MARSEILLE ST JEROME 3,GEOL STRUCT LAB,F-13397 MARSEILLE,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,GEOL STRUCT LAB,F-75252 PARIS,FRANCE. ORSTOM,NOUMEA,NEW CALEDONIA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP COLLOT, JY (reprint author), ORSTOM,BP 48,F-06230 VILLEFRANCHE MER,FRANCE. RI Pelletier, Bernard/J-8106-2016 OI Pelletier, Bernard/0000-0002-9993-1395 NR 59 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD OCT 15 PY 1992 VL 212 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90292-E PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JV805 UT WOS:A1992JV80500002 ER PT J AU MARLOW, MS JOHNSON, LE PEARCE, JA FRYER, PB PICKTHORN, LBG MURTON, BJ AF MARLOW, MS JOHNSON, LE PEARCE, JA FRYER, PB PICKTHORN, LBG MURTON, BJ TI UPPER CENOZOIC VOLCANIC-ROCKS IN THE MARIANA FORE-ARC RECOVERED FROM DRILLING AT OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM SITE-781 - IMPLICATIONS FOR FORE-ARC MAGMATISM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EARTH ELEMENT ABUNDANCES; ISLAND ARC SYSTEM; SHOSHONITIC VOLCANISM; WESTERN PACIFIC; TRACE-ELEMENT; CALC-ALKALINE; ORIGIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; PETROGENESIS; EVOLUTION AB A horst block was drilled in the center of the Mariana forearc near 20-degrees-N during leg 125 of the Ocean Drilling Program. At this site 781, the drill penetrated a Pleistocene vesicular, porphyritic basalt at 72 m below the seafloor, and the top of the basalt corresponds to a high-amplitude reflection on seismic reflection profiles across the site. The thickness of the basalt unit can only be estimated to be between 13 and 25 m because of poor core recovery (28% to 55%). The presence of an upper glassy chilled zone and a lower, fine-grained margin suggest that the basalt unit is either a single lava flow or a near-surface sill. The basalt is an island-arc tholeiite (IAT) enriched in large-ion-lithophile elements relative to high-field-strength elements, similar to the submarine lavas of the southern Mariana Arc seamounts. The basalt layer, the youngest in situ igneous layer reponed from the Izu-Bonin and Mariana forearcs, is enigmatic because of its location more than 100 km from the active volcanic arc. The sediment layers above and below the basalt unit are late Pliocene (about 2.5 Ma) and normally magnetized. The basalt has schlieren-like structures, reverse magnetization, and a K-Ar age of 1.68 +/- 0.37 Ma. Thus, the basalt layer is probably a sill fed by magma intruded along a fault zone bounding the horst and graben in the forearc. The geochemistry of the basalt is consistent with a magma source similar to that of rocks from the magmatic axis (or volcanic front) of the island arc, and derived from a mantle source above the subducting Pacific plate. C1 INST OCEANOG SCI,WORMLEY GU8 5UB,SURREY,ENGLAND. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV DURHAM,DEPT GEOL SCI,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND. RP MARLOW, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Pearce, Julian/C-5807-2009 OI Pearce, Julian/0000-0002-1206-148X NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B11 BP 15085 EP 15097 DI 10.1029/92JB01079 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JR875 UT WOS:A1992JR87500002 ER PT J AU GOMBERG, JS AF GOMBERG, JS TI SEISMICITY AND DETECTION LOCATION THRESHOLD IN THE SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN SEISMIC NETWORK - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP GOMBERG, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 966,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B11 BP 15363 EP 15364 DI 10.1029/92JB01054 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JR875 UT WOS:A1992JR87500023 ER PT J AU DENLINGER, RP AF DENLINGER, RP TI A MODEL FOR LARGE-SCALE PLASTIC YIELD OF THE GORDA DEFORMATION ZONE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PLATE; TECTONICS; LITHOSPHERE AB The lithosphere east of the Gorda ridge, often called the Gorda plate but referred to here as the Gorda deformation zone (Gorda DZ), is constricted as it spreads eastward to be subducted beneath the North American plate. For the plane strain conditions defined by the seismicity, the distortion of the Gorda DZ is analogous to the ironing of metal cups. Here the "punch" boundary is the Blanco fracture zone and the"die" that does the cutting is the Mendocino transform fault from the Gorda ridge to the Mendocino triple junction. This analogy is useful in analyzing this problem but is not identical due to differences in boundary constraints. The deformation of the Gorda DZ is determined for an elastoplastic lithosphere with a von Mises yield criterion. Plate motion is constrained to be parallel both to the Blanco fracture zone and to the Mendocino transform fault west of 125-degrees-W. The Gorda ridge is considered a free boundary (unlike the ironing analogy), and the lithosphere is pulled through the constriction from the trench. Any nonlinear feedback between distortion and ridge-push forces is not considered. Traction due to slip along the Mendocino transform is varied to fit both seismicity and plate distortion. For these conditions, the amount of plate movement required before a constant resistance is achieved depends upon the ratio of elastic moduli to plastic yield stress and may vary from hundreds of meters to kilometers. The minimum slab pull for steady movement occurs when the transform is weak ("lubricated") and is 60% of the average plate yield stress. The yield stress is determined using the temperature structure inferred from plate age and the laboratory constraints on brittle and ductile strength for olivine. For an average plate age of 3 m.y. the yield stress is about 550 MPa, so the pull required is 330 MPa. When the transform is about as strong as the lithosphere, the pull required is twice this value. The stress directions in the Gorda DZ can be inferred from both deformation and seismicity. The current seismic data are not precise enough to differentiate between a strong and weak transform, but the deformation data are sufficient. The constraints placed by distortion of magnetic isochrons on the modeling results indicate a mixed history. About 5 Ma, changes in the position of the pole of rotation of the Juan de Fuca system began to increase the convergence of the Gorda DZ with the Mendocino transform fault, increasing the effective normal stress and brittle shear stress across the fault. A strong fault is evident in the deformation data until about 2 Ma, and this corresponds to the time when convergence stabilized. With a stable configuration the analysis indicates that about a kilometer of relative slip reduced the apparent strength of the transform to negligible values compared to the strength of the plate. RP US GEOL SURVEY, HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV, POB 51, HAWAII NATL PK, HI 96718 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 10 PY 1992 VL 97 IS B11 BP 15415 EP 15423 DI 10.1029/92JB00606 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JR875 UT WOS:A1992JR87500028 ER PT J AU SCHMIDTDALLMIER, MJ ATCHISON, GJ STEINGRAEBER, MT KNIGHTS, BC AF SCHMIDTDALLMIER, MJ ATCHISON, GJ STEINGRAEBER, MT KNIGHTS, BC TI A SEDIMENT SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR BIOASSAYS WITH SMALL AQUATIC ORGANISMS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SUSPENDED SOLIDS; SEDIMENTS; BIOASSAY; CONTAMINANTS ID SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; COHO SALMON; FISH; TURBIDITY; LARVAE AB Exposure of aquatic organisms to suspended sediments can impair growth and survival and increase bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants. However, evaluation of the effects of suspended sediments and their associated contaminants on aquatic organisms has been hampered by the lack of a practical and inexpensive exposure system for conducting bioassays. We present a cost-effective system for assessing the effects of suspended sediments and associated contaminants on small aquatic organisms. A 7-day suspension test was conducted with nominal sediment concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 5.0 g l-1. The system maintained relatively constant suspended sediment concentrations, as measured by turbidity, and caused minimal mortality to test organisms. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. RP SCHMIDTDALLMIER, MJ (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM ECOL,124 SCI HALL 2,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD OCT 9 PY 1992 VL 245 IS 3 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1007/BF00006156 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KA671 UT WOS:A1992KA67100003 ER PT J AU WINOGRAD, IJ COPLEN, TB LANDWEHR, JM RIGGS, AC LUDWIG, KR SZABO, BJ KOLESAR, PT REVESZ, KM AF WINOGRAD, IJ COPLEN, TB LANDWEHR, JM RIGGS, AC LUDWIG, KR SZABO, BJ KOLESAR, PT REVESZ, KM TI CONTINUOUS 500,000-YEAR CLIMATE RECORD FROM VEIN CALCITE IN DEVILS-HOLE, NEVADA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; PLEISTOCENE TIME SCALE; GREAT-BASIN; MILANKOVITCH THEORY; ISOTOPE; CYCLES; ICE; CHRONOLOGY; OXYGEN; SERIES AB Oxygen-18 (deltaO-18) variations in a 36-centimeter-long core (DH-11) of vein calcite from Devils Hole, Nevada, yield an uninterrupted 500,000-year paleotemperature record that closely mimics all major features in the Vostok (Antarctica) paleotemperature and marine deltaO-18 ice-volume records. The chronology for this continental record is based on 21 replicated mass-spectrometric uranium-series dates. Between the middle and latest Pleistocene, the duration of the last four glacial cycles recorded in the calcite increased from 80,000 to 130,000 years; this variation suggests that major climate changes were aperiodic. The timing of specific climatic events indicates that orbitally controlled variations in solar insolation were not a major factor in triggering deglaciations. interglacial climates lasted about 20,000 years. Collectively, these observations are inconsistent with the Milankovitch hypothesis for the origin of the Pleistocene glacial cycles but they are consistent with the thesis that these cycles originated from internal nonlinear feedbacks within the atmosphere-ice sheet-ocean system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP WINOGRAD, IJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MAIL STOP 432,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 57 TC 366 Z9 391 U1 7 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 9 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5080 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1126/science.258.5080.255 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JR860 UT WOS:A1992JR86000022 PM 17835123 ER PT J AU LUDWIG, KR SIMMONS, KR SZABO, BJ WINOGRAD, IJ LANDWEHR, JM RIGGS, AC HOFFMAN, RJ AF LUDWIG, KR SIMMONS, KR SZABO, BJ WINOGRAD, IJ LANDWEHR, JM RIGGS, AC HOFFMAN, RJ TI MASS-SPECTROMETRIC TH-230-U-234-U-238 DATING OF THE DEVILS-HOLE CALCITE VEIN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Devils Hole calcite vein contains a long-term climatic record, but requires accurate chronologic control for its interpretation. Mass-spectrometric U-series ages for samples from core DH-11 yielded Th-230 ages with precisions ranging from less than 1,000 years (2sigma) for samples younger than approximately 140 ka (thousands of years ago) to less than 50,000 years for the oldest samples (approximately 566 ka). The U-234/U-238 ages could be determined to a precision of approximately 20,000 years for all ages. Calcite accumulated continuously from 566 ka until approximately 60 ka at an average rate of 0.7 millimeter per 10(3) years. The precise agreement between replicate analyses and the concordance of the Th-230/U-238 and U-234/U-238 ages for the oldest samples indicate that the DH-11 samples were closed systems and validate the dating technique in general. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, CARSON CITY, NV 89701 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MAIL STOP 963, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 9 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 9 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5080 BP 284 EP 287 DI 10.1126/science.258.5080.284 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JR860 UT WOS:A1992JR86000030 PM 17835128 ER PT J AU HARMS, TA MURCHEY, BL AF HARMS, TA MURCHEY, BL TI SETTING AND OCCURRENCE OF LATE PALEOZOIC RADIOLARIANS IN THE SYLVESTER ALLOCHTHON, PART OF A PROTO-PACIFIC OCEAN-FLOOR TERRANE IN THE CANADIAN CORDILLERA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EVOLUTION; ROCKS AB Late Paleozoic radiolarians have been used to establish the ages or age ranges of fourteen lithotectonic units in the Sylvester allochthon of the Slide Mountain terrane in British Columbia, and have thereby greatly clarified the geology and tectonic history of the terrane. As the Sylvester radiolarian fauna is limited, age assignments were based on a few distinctive and diagnostic robust forms. Radiolarians occur in cherts from a wide variety of different oceanic sequences that are structurally juxtaposed within the Sylvester allochthon. Like others in a suite of correlative terranes that lie along the length of the Cordillera, the Sylvester allochthon and the radiolarian bearing cherts in it derive from the telescoping together of slices from what was, in the late Paleozoic, a large area of the proto-Pacific ocean. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HARMS, TA (reprint author), AMHERST COLL,DEPT GEOL,AMHERST,MA 01002, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD OCT 6 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(92)90063-B PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA JX556 UT WOS:A1992JX55600009 ER PT J AU MURCHEY, BL JONES, DL AF MURCHEY, BL JONES, DL TI A MID-PERMIAN CHERT EVENT - WIDESPREAD DEPOSITION OF BIOGENIC SILICEOUS SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL, ISLAND-ARC AND OCEANIC BASINS SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST TEXAS; ROCKS; TERRANE; RADIOLARIANS; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; NEVADA; RANGE AB Radiolarian and conodont correlations of Permian siliceous rocks from twenty-three areas in the circum-Pacific and Mediterranean regions reveal a widespread Permian Chert Event during the middle Leonardian to Wordian. Radiolarian- and (or) sponge spicule-rich siliceous sediments accumulated beneath high productivity zones in coastal, island arc and oceanic basins. Most of these deposits now crop out in fault-bounded accreted terranes. Biogenic siliceous sediments did not accumulate in terranes lying beneath infertile waters including the marine sequences in terranes of northern and central Alaska. The Permian Chert Event is coeval with major phosphorite deposition along the western margin of Pangea (Phosphoria Formation and related deposits). A well-known analogue for this event is middle Miocene deposition of biogenic siliceous sediments beneath high productivity zones in many parts of the Pacific and concurrent deposition of phosphatic as well as siliceous sediments in basins along the coast of California. Interrelated factors associated with both the Miocene and Permian depositional events include plate reorientations, small sea-level rises and cool polar waters. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP MURCHEY, BL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 68 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD OCT 6 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(92)90066-E PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA JX556 UT WOS:A1992JX55600012 ER PT J AU HACKER, BR KIRBY, SH BOHLEN, SR AF HACKER, BR KIRBY, SH BOHLEN, SR TI TIME AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY - CALCITE TO ARAGONITE EXPERIMENTS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGES; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSITION; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; KINETICS AB Although the equilibrium phase relations of many mineral systems are generally well established, the rates of transformations, particularly in polycrystalline rocks, are not. The results of experiments on the calcite tc aragonite transformation in polycrystalline marble are different from those for earlier experiments on powdered and single-crystal calcite. The transformation in the polycrystalline samples occurs by different mechanisms, with a different temperature dependence, and at a markedly slower rate. This work demonstrates the importance of kinetic studies on fully dense polycrystalline aggregates for understanding mineralogic phase changes in nature. Extrapolation of these results to geological time scales suggests that transformation of calcite to aragonite does not occur in the absence of volatiles at temperatures below 200-degrees-C. Kinetic hindrance is likely to extend to higher temperatures in more complex transformations. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HACKER, BR (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Hacker, Bradley/E-7750-2011 NR 24 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 2 PY 1992 VL 258 IS 5079 BP 110 EP 112 DI 10.1126/science.258.5079.110 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JQ619 UT WOS:A1992JQ61900028 PM 17835893 ER PT J AU STANLEY, WD GWILLIAM, WJ LATHAM, G WESTHUSING, K AF STANLEY, WD GWILLIAM, WJ LATHAM, G WESTHUSING, K TI THE SOUTHERN WASHINGTON CASCADES CONDUCTOR - A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED THICK SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN OREGON; NORTH-AMERICA; COAST RANGE; FAULT; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; ISLAND; MARGIN; EOCENE AB Geophysical studies in the southern Washington Cascades have outlined a possible, previously unrecognized sequence of sedimentary rocks. These postulated sedimentary units are interpreted to correspond to at least the upper section of a low-resistivity (high-conductivity) assemblage of rocks at depths of 1-10 km and with thicknesses up to 15 km that we call the southern Washington Cascades conductor (SWCC). Structure on the upper surface of this conductive assemblage correlates in some places with anticlines that bring Tertiary marine rocks near the surface. These anticlines have recently been imaged in detail with seismic reflection surveys. The conductive rocks have also been traced to the surface west of Morton, Washington, where they correlate with Eocene marine sandstones and shales. The geometry of the conductive rocks consists of a east-dipping, low-angle wedge that thickens to the north and with an undulating upper surface corresponding to the anticlines. We suspect that marine sedimentary rocks are the primary constituent of the SWCC, but recognize that parts of the conductive section may be composed of nonmarine and marginal marine sedimentary rocks like those in the upper part of the Puget Group. Geothermal fluids may be a contributing factor to low resistivities in the deeper parts of the conductive section (greater than 6-7 km). Other possible candidates for the conductive units are thick sections of highly altered volcanic flows and/or graphitic (conductive), pre-Tertiary, metamorphic rocks. C1 MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,DEPT ENERGY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP STANLEY, WD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1569 EP 1585 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW709 UT WOS:A1992JW70900007 ER PT J AU KLEMME, HD ULMISHEK, GF AF KLEMME, HD ULMISHEK, GF TI EFFECTIVE PETROLEUM SOURCE ROCKS OF THE WORLD - STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROLLING DEPOSITIONAL FACTORS - REPLY SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Letter C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP KLEMME, HD (reprint author), GEOBASINS LTD,RR1,BOX 279B,BONDVILLE,VT 05340, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1636 EP 1636 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JW709 UT WOS:A1992JW70900012 ER PT J AU CACCAVO, F BLAKEMORE, RP LOVLEY, DR AF CACCAVO, F BLAKEMORE, RP LOVLEY, DR TI A HYDROGEN-OXIDIZING, FE(III)-REDUCING MICROORGANISM FROM THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY, NEW-HAMPSHIRE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL IRON REDUCTION; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; FERRIC IRON; OXIDATION; BACTERIA; URANIUM; MECHANISMS; MANGANESE; FE(III) AB A dissimilatory Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing bacterium was isolated from bottom sediments of the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. The isolate was a facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rod which did not appear to fit into any previously described genus. It was temporarily designated strain BrY. BrY grew anaerobically in a defined medium with hydrogen or lactate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. BrY required citrate, fumarate, or malate as a carbon source for growth on H-2 and Fe(III). With Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor, BrY metabolized hydrogen to a minimum threshold at least 60-fold lower than the threshold reported for pure cultures of sulfate reducers. This finding supports the hypothesis that when Fe(III) is available, Fe(III) reducers can outcompete sulfate reducers for electron donors. Lactate was incompletely oxidized to acetate and carbon dioxide with Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Lactate oxidation was also coupled to the reduction of Mn(IV), U(VI), fumarate, thiosulfate, or trimethylamine n-oxide under anaerobic conditions. BrY provides a model for how enzymatic metal reduction by respiratory metal-reducing microorganisms has the potential to contribute to the mobilization of iron and trace metals and to the immobilization of uranium in sediments of Great Bay Estuary. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, 430 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, DEPT MICROBIOL, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. NR 33 TC 184 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 58 IS 10 BP 3211 EP 3216 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JQ654 UT WOS:A1992JQ65400001 PM 16348780 ER PT J AU HARTZELL, SH AF HARTZELL, SH TI ESTIMATION OF NEAR-SOURCE GROUND MOTIONS FROM A TELESEISMICALLY DERIVED RUPTURE MODEL OF THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION-ZONE EARTHQUAKES; EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; SLIP; SPECTRA; INVERSION; HISTORY; WAVE; CONSTRAINTS; SIMULATION; RADIATION AB A rupture model for the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake obtained from inversion of teleseismic body waves is used to calculate the mainshock, near-source, strong ground motions. The effectiveness of both synthetic and empirical (aftershock) Green's functions is evaluated in terms of velocity response spectra over the period range from 0.1 to 10 sec. A strictly deterministic approach is used in the simulation of near-source ground motion with both the synthetic and aftershock Green's functions. A deterministic method has advantages in that it is simple to apply and there is no stochastic element to introduce variability in the solution. Response spectral values are very sensitive to the choice of the mainshock source-time function. Using a 1.0-sec triangular time function obtained from the teleseismic study gives good estimates of response spectra from 1- to 2-sec period for aftershock Green's functions and from 1- to 10-sec period for synthetic Green's functions. The limited long-period response of the aftershock summations is due to the restricted bandwidth of the recording sensor. Using a 0.5-sec Kostrov time function extends the bandwidth of validity of the aftershock summations to 0.1- to 2-sec period and the synthetic Green's function summations to 0.3- to 10-sec period. The limited short-period bandwidth of the synthetic Green's function summations is due to the lower-frequency content (5 Hz) and absence of accurate high-frequency propagation effects in the synthetic seismograms. Although the teleseismic study could not distinguish between a 1.0-sec triangular time function and a 0.5-sec Kostrov time function, we feel justified in using the Kostrov function because it lies within our broader knowledge of earthquake source-time functions. RP HARTZELL, SH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BUR RISK ASSESSMENT,BOX 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1991 EP 2013 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW192 UT WOS:A1992JW19200001 ER PT J AU KOHLER, WM FUIS, GS AF KOHLER, WM FUIS, GS TI EMPIRICAL DEPENDENCE OF SEISMIC GROUND VELOCITY ON THE WEIGHT OF EXPLOSIVES, SHOTPOINT SITE CONDITION, AND RECORDING DISTANCE FOR SEISMIC-REFRACTION DATA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB In this study, we have constructed an empirical least-squares model for maximum seismic ground velocity (vertical component), as a function of source size and distance, from explosions in drillholes and bodies of water. This model is intended, in part, for use in designing explosion-seismic experiments in order to produce acceptable signal-to-noise ratios at larger distances (> 10 km) and to avoid damaging human structures at smaller distances (< 1 km). Data consist of velocities recorded by 120 portable seismographs from 159 shots fired by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska and Arizona. Results show that maximum ground-velocity amplitude (not necessarily first-arrival amplitude) decreases with distance, and the functional dependence changes with distance; for example, at 3 km, amplitudes decrease as r-2, but at 73 km, they decrease as r-1. Results also show a strong dependence on site conditions at the shotpoint; for example, a drillhole shot in wet alluvium produces amplitudes that are four times larger than a drillhole shot in dry alluvium. Ground velocities are proportional to the square root of the weight of explosives. RP KOHLER, WM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2032 EP 2044 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW192 UT WOS:A1992JW19200003 ER PT J AU FRANKEL, A VIDALE, JE AF FRANKEL, A VIDALE, JE TI A 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF SEISMIC-WAVES IN THE SANTA-CLARA VALLEY, CALIFORNIA, FROM A LOMA-PRIETA AFTERSHOCK SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-FILLED VALLEYS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; SURFACE IRREGULARITIES; SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAMS; FRANCISCO BAY; ELASTIC-WAVES; P-WAVES; EARTHQUAKE; DIFFRACTION; MOTION AB The finite-difference method is used to propagate elastic waves through a 3-D model of the Santa Clara Valley, an alluvium-filled basin that underlies the city of San Jose, California. The model was based on depth to bedrock information from water wells in the area. The simulation corresponded to a region 30 (east-west) by 22 (north-south) by 6 (depth) km and contained about 4 million grid points. Synthetic seismograms from the simulation are accurate at frequencies up to 1 Hz. Motions from a magnitude 4.4 aftershock of the Loma Prieta earthquake were modeled. Snapshots of ground motion and synthetic seismograms from the simulation are presented. The simulation illustrates S-to-surface-wave conversion at the edges of the basin and the large amplitude and long duration of ground motion in the basin compared to the surrounding rock. Love waves produced at the edge of the basin are the largest arrivals in the transverse synthetics. Because of the slow group velocity of the Love waves, sites near the center of the basin have longer durations of significant motions than basin sites near the valley edges. Sites near the center of the basin also show larger peak amplitudes on the transverse component. Array analysis of the synthetic seismograms indicates that Love waves tend to propagate parallel to the eastern and western edges of the valley. Rayleigh waves are produced along the southern margin of the basin from incident S waves. Large radial motions occur where a Rayleigh wave impinges on the northeast margin of the valley. Some Rayleigh waves travel westward across the basin, after being scattered from the eastern edge of the valley. Synthetic seismograms from the simulation have similar peak amplitudes as seismograms recorded by the Sunnyvale dense array for this aftershock, although the duration of the transverse component is not matched by the synthetic seismogram, using this basin model. The simulation indicates that the Love waves observed on the actual seismograms were produced by conversion of incident S waves at the southern margin of the Santa Clara Valley. 2-D simulations show how the S-to-Love-wave conversion is affected by the angle of incidence of the S wave and the sharpness of the velocity transition between the alluvium and bedrock. As more accurate basin models are developed, 3-D simulations should become valuable for predicting ground motions in sedimentary basins for future large earthquakes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP FRANKEL, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 922 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 36 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2045 EP 2074 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW192 UT WOS:A1992JW19200004 ER PT J AU ARNADOTTIR, T SEGALL, P MATTHEWS, M AF ARNADOTTIR, T SEGALL, P MATTHEWS, M TI RESOLVING THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN GEODETIC AND SEISMIC FAULT MODELS FOR THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note ID SLIP; DEFORMATION; GEOMETRY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. MIT,DEPT MATH,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP ARNADOTTIR, T (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Arnadottir, Thora/C-7183-2013 OI Arnadottir, Thora/0000-0002-8275-8813 NR 12 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 2248 EP 2255 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JW192 UT WOS:A1992JW19200016 ER PT J AU REED, BL LANPHERE, MA MILLER, TP AF REED, BL LANPHERE, MA MILLER, TP TI DOUBLE GLACIER VOLCANO, A NEW QUATERNARY VOLCANO IN THE EASTERN ALEUTIAN VOLCANIC ARC SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Double Glacier Volcano (DGV) is a small dome complex of porphyritic hornblende andesite and dacite that is part of the Cook Inlet segment of Quaternary volcanoes of the eastern Aleutian arc. Its discovery reduces the previously described large volcano gap in Cook Inlet segment to a distance similar to that between other volcanoes in the area. DGV lavas are medium-K, calcalkaline andesites and dacites with concentrations of major and minor elements similar to the other Quaternary volcanoes of the Cook Inlet segment. Available K-Ar ages indicate that DGV was active 600-900 ka. RP REED, BL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ALASKA GEOL,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 54 IS 8 BP 631 EP 637 DI 10.1007/BF00430776 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JX591 UT WOS:A1992JX59100002 ER PT J AU DVORAK, JJ AF DVORAK, JJ TI MECHANISM OF EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS OF KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A small explosive eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, occurred in May 1924. The eruption was preceded by rapid draining of a lava lake and transfer of a large volume of magma from the summit reservoir to the east rift zone. This lowered the magma column, which reduced hydrostatic pressure beneath Halemaumau and allowed groundwater to flow rapidly into areas of hot rock, producing a phreatic eruption. A comparison with other events at Kilauea shows that the transfer of a large volume of magma out of the summit reservoir is not sufficient to produce a phreatic eruption. For example, the volume transferred at the beginning of explosive activity in May 1924 was less than the volumes transferred in March 1955 and January-February 1960, when no explosive activity occurred. Likewise, draining of a lava lake and deepening of the floor of Halemaumau, which occurred in May 1922 and August 1923, were not sufficient to produce explosive activity. A phreatic eruption of Kilauea requires both the transfer of a large volume of magma from the summit reservoir and the rapid removal of magma from near the surface, where the surrounding rocks have been heated to a sufficient temperature to produce steam explosions when suddenly contacted by groundwater. RP DVORAK, JJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 54 IS 8 BP 638 EP 645 DI 10.1007/BF00430777 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JX591 UT WOS:A1992JX59100003 ER PT J AU FIERSTEIN, J HILDRETH, W AF FIERSTEIN, J HILDRETH, W TI THE PLINIAN ERUPTIONS OF 1912 AT NOVARUPTA, KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK, ALASKA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The three-day eruption at Novarupta in 1912 consisted of three discrete episodes. Episode I began with plinian dispersal of rhyolitic fallout (Layer A) and contemporaneous emplacement of rhyolitic ignimbrites and associated proximal veneers. The plinian column was sustained throughout most of the interval of ash flow generation, in spite of progressive increases in the proportions of dacitic and andesitic ejecta at the expense of rhyolite. Accordingly, plinian Layer B, which fell in unbroken continuity with purely rhyolitic Layer A, is zoned from > 99% to approximately 15% rhyolite and accumulated synchronously with emplacement of the correspondingly zoned ash flow sequence in Mageik Creek and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS). Only the andesite-richest flow units that cap the flow sequence lack a widespread fallout equivalent, indicating that ignimbrite emplacement barely outlasted the plinian phase. On near-vent ridges, the passing ash flows left proximal ignimbrite veneers that share the compositional zonation of their valley-filling equivalents but exhibit evidence for turbulent deposition and recurrent scour. Episode II began after a break of a few hours and was dominated by plinian dispersal of dacitic Layers C and D, punctuated by minor proximal intraplinian flows and surges. After another break, dacitic Layers F and G resulted from a third plinian episode (III); intercalated with these proximally are thin intraplinian ignimbrites and several andesite-rich fall/flow layers. Both CD and FG were ejected from an inner vent < 400 m wide (nested within that of Episode I), into which the rhyolitic lava dome (Novarupta) was still later extruded. Two finer-grained ash layers settled from composite regional dust clouds: Layer E, which accumulated during the D-F hiatus, includes a contribution from small contemporaneous ash flows; and Layer H settled after the main eruption was over. Both are distinct layers in and near the VTTS, but distally they merge with CD and FG, respectively; they are largely dacitic but include rhyolitic shards that erupted during Episode I and were kept aloft by atmospheric turbulence. Published models yield column heights of 23-26 km for A, 22-25 km for CD, and 17-23 km for FG; and peak mass eruption rates of 0.7-1 x 10(8), 0.6-2 x 10(8), and 0.2-0.4 x 10(8) kg s-1, respectively. Fallout volumes, adjusted to reflect calculated redistribution of rhyolitic glass shards, are 8.8 km3, 4.8 km3, and 3.4 km3 for Episodes I, II, and III. Microprobe analyses of glass show that as much as 0.4 km3 of rhyolitic glass shards from eruptive Episode I fell with CDE and 1.1 km3 with FGH. Most of the rhyolitic ash in the dacitic fallout layers fell far downwind (SE of the vent); near the rhyolite-dominated ignimbrite, however, nearly all of Layers E and H are dacitic, showing that the downwind rhyolitic ash is of 'co-plinian' rather than co-ignimbrite origin. RP FIERSTEIN, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 910,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 54 IS 8 BP 646 EP 684 DI 10.1007/BF00430778 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JX591 UT WOS:A1992JX59100004 ER PT J AU MILLS, EL OGORMAN, R DEGISI, J HEBERGER, RF HOUSE, RA AF MILLS, EL OGORMAN, R DEGISI, J HEBERGER, RF HOUSE, RA TI FOOD OF THE ALEWIFE (ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS) IN LAKE-ONTARIO BEFORE AND AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAWRENCE GREAT-LAKES; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; MICHIGAN; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; FISHES; TROUT; SELECTION; ABUNDANCE; CLADOCERA AB Diets and length-weight relationships of Lake Ontario alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in 1972 differed from those in 1988; the large cladoceran Bythotrephes cederstroemi colonized the lake during the mid-1980's. Microcrustacean zooplankton were the dominant prey of alewife during April-October in 1972 and 1988. Although Bythotrephes was not found in 1988 net samples, it replaced other zooplankters in the alewife's diet. Typically, tailspines were the only part of Bythotrephes in alewife stomachs; their frequency was high in April-May, diminished rapidly in summer, and was very low by fall. In spring 1988, alewife greater-than-or-equal-to 165 mm were in better condition than in spring 1972, and this may have been due to larger fish feeding more heavily on Bythotrephes. Variation in diet among widely separated sampling sites was due to differences in alewife abundance, stability of thermal structure, progress of zooplankton community development, and distance to the mouth of the Niagara River (through which Bythotrephes probably enter the lake in summer and fall). In the Great Lakes, inter- and intralake differences in diet clearly exist, and these must be incorporated into models of alewife planktivory to gain an accurate understanding of energy flow between trophic levels. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,OSWEGO BIOL STN,OSWEGO,NY 13126. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP MILLS, EL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 52 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2009 EP 2019 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JY881 UT WOS:A1992JY88100006 ER PT J AU CAIN, DJ LUOMA, SN CARTER, JL FEND, SV AF CAIN, DJ LUOMA, SN CARTER, JL FEND, SV TI AQUATIC INSECTS AS BIOINDICATORS OF TRACE-ELEMENT CONTAMINATION IN COBBLE-BOTTOM RIVERS AND STREAMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIVALVE SCROBICULARIA-PLANA; CLARK FORK RIVER; METAL CONCENTRATIONS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; HEAVY-METALS; INVERTEBRATES; MONTANA; LEAD; AVAILABILITY; TRICHOPTERA AB Trace element bioaccumulation was studied in immature benthic insects from two contaminated river systems to develop these animals as bioindicators. In one river, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn were analysed in insects and in fine bed sediments over a 381-km reach downstream of a large copper mining complex. In the other river, As contamination from a gold mine was assessed in insects and bed sediments over a 40-km reach. All insect taxa collected in contaminated river reaches had elevated whole-body trace element concentrations. However, direct comparisons of contamination using a single, common species among stations were limited because few species were distributed throughout the study reaches. Comparisons of contamination at taxomic levels higher than species were complicated by element-specific differences in bioaccumulation among taxa. These differences appeared to be governed by biological and hydrogeochemical factors. The variation in element concentrations among species of the caddisfly Hydropsyche was slightly greater than within individual species. If this genus is representative of others, comparisons of contamination within genera may be a practical alternative for biomonitoring studies when single species are not available. RP CAIN, DJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. OI Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 NR 45 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 49 IS 10 BP 2141 EP 2154 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JY881 UT WOS:A1992JY88100019 ER PT J AU REXSTAD, EA ANDERSON, DR AF REXSTAD, EA ANDERSON, DR TI HETEROGENEOUS SURVIVAL RATES OF MALLARDS (ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LIFE TABLE METHODS; NUISANCE PARAMETER; BAND-RECOVERY; ASSUMPTIONS; POPULATION; MODELS AB We analyzed data of adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) banded throughout North America during the past 30 years, using a model developed to estimate heterogeneity in survival rates of marked individuals. The model incorporating heterogeneity in survival rates was often the most parsimonious model for the data sets analyzed, thus constituting an advancement over previous band-recovery models. Likelihood-ratio tests indicated that significant amounts of heterogeneity existed in die data sets analyzed. We were unable to detect significant differences in heterogeneity between sexes or between birds banded prior to the hunting season (July - September) and after the hunting season (January - February) in the same areas. Heterogeneity varied widely among banding areas. Changes in reporting rates confound the estimation of heterogeneity. Adjustment of estimates of heterogeneity for differences in recovery rates in the first year after banding and subsequent years results in lower estimates of heterogeneity for mallards. Coefficients of variation of survival rates for adult mallards, adjusted for variation in recovery rates, varied from 18 to 25%. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLORADO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COLORADO COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. OI Rexstad, Eric/0000-0002-4323-8161 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1878 EP 1885 DI 10.1139/z92-256 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JY069 UT WOS:A1992JY06900002 ER PT J AU HESTBECK, JB NICHOLS, JD HINES, JE AF HESTBECK, JB NICHOLS, JD HINES, JE TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANNUAL SURVIVAL RATE AND MIGRATION DISTANCE IN MALLARDS - AN EXAMINATION OF THE TIME-ALLOCATION HYPOTHESIS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF MIGRATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Predictions of the time-allocation hypothesis were tested with several a posteriori analyses of banding data for the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The time-allocation hypothesis states that the critical difference between resident and migrant birds is their allocation of time to reproduction on the breeding grounds and survival on the nonbreeding grounds. Residents have higher reproduction and migrants have higher survival. Survival and recovery rates were estimated by standard band-recovery methods for banding reference areas in the central United States and central Canada. A production-rate index was computed for each reference area with data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service May Breeding Population Survey and July Production Survey. An analysis of covariance was used to test for the effects of migration distance and time period (decade) on survival, recovery, and production rates. Differences in migration chronology were tested by comparing direct-recovery distributions for different populations during the fall migration. Differences in winter locations were tested by comparing distributions of direct recoveries reported during December and January. A strong positive relationship was found between survival rate and migration distance for 3 of the 4 age and sex classes. A weak negative relationship was found between recovery rate and migration distance. No relationship was found between production rate and migration distance. During the fall migration, birds from the northern breeding populations were located north of birds from the southern breeding populations. No pattern could be found in the relative locations of breeding and wintering areas. Although our finding that survival rate increased with migration distance was consistent with the time-allocation hypothesis, our results on migration chronology and location of wintering areas were not consistent with the mechanism underlying the time-allocation hypothesis. Neither this analysis nor other recent studies of life-history characteristics of migratory and resident birds supported the time-allocation hypothesis. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 70 IS 10 BP 2021 EP 2027 DI 10.1139/z92-273 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JY069 UT WOS:A1992JY06900019 ER PT J AU Rubin, DM AF Rubin, David M. TI Use of forecasting signatures to help distinguish periodicity, randomness, and chaos in ripples and other spatial patterns SO CHAOS LA English DT Article AB Forecasting of one-dimensional time series previously has been used to help distinguish periodicity, chaos, and noise. This paper presents two-dimensional generalizations for making such distinctions for spatial patterns. The techniques are evaluated using synthetic spatial patterns and then are applied to a natural example: ripples formed in sand by blowing wind. Tests with the synthetic patterns demonstrate that the forecasting techniques can be applied to two-dimensional spatial patterns, with the same utility and limitations as when applied to one-dimensional time series. One limitation is that some combinations of periodicity and randomness exhibit forecasting signatures that mimic those of chaos. For example, sine waves distorted with correlated phase noise have forecasting errors that increase with forecasting distance, errors that are minimized using nonlinear models at moderate embedding dimensions, and forecasting properties that differ significantly between the original and surrogates. Ripples formed in sand by flowing air or water typically vary in geometry from one to another, even when formed in a flow that is uniform on a large scale; each ripple modifies the local flow or sand-transport field, thereby influencing the geometry of the next ripple downcurrent. Spatial forecasting was used to evaluate the hypothesis that such a deterministic process-rather than randomness or quasiperiodicity-is responsible for the variation between successive ripples. This hypothesis is supported by a forecasting error that increases with forecasting distance, a greater accuracy of nonlinear relative to linear models, and significant differences between forecasts made with the original ripples and those made with surrogate patterns. Forecasting signatures cannot be used to distinguish ripple geometry from sine waves with correlated phase noise, but this kind of structure can be ruled out by two geometric properties of the ripples: Successive ripples are highly correlated in wavelength, and ripple crests display dislocations such as branchings and mergers. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rubin, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU NASA [W-17 975] FX The author thanks John Sidorowich (University of California San Diego) and James Theiler (Los Alamos National Laboratory) for discussions that improved this paper. Some computational experiments exploring the behavior of periodic and quasiperiodic one-dimensional time series began as wagers with James Theiler. The manuscript was reviewed by Dave Drake and Jim Gardner (U. S. Geological Survey), Jim Crutchfield, and Karl Young (University of California Berkeley), and James Theiler. Part of this work was supported by NASA Grant No. W-17 975. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD OCT PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 DI 10.1063/1.165894 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA V22XQ UT WOS:000208308300006 ER PT J AU JIANG, WT PEACOR, DR SLACK, JF AF JIANG, WT PEACOR, DR SLACK, JF TI MICROSTRUCTURES, MIXED LAYERING, AND POLYMORPHISM OF CHLORITE AND RETROGRADE BERTHIERINE IN THE KIDD CREEK MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT, ONTARIO SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE BERTHIERINE; CHLORITE; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; MICROSTRUCTURES; MIXED LAYERING; POLYMORPHISM; POLYTYPISM; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID SHEET SILICATES; STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; PELITIC ROCKS; TRANSMISSION; BIOTITE; TEM; MICA; METAMORPHISM; CHEMISTRY AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) -as utilized to determine the origins of berthierine and chlorite in the core of the footwall alteration zone of the Kidd Creek massive sulfide deposit, Ontario. TEM images show lamellar intergrowths of packets of berthierine, mixed-layer chlorite/berthierine, Fe-Mg chlorite, and relatively Fe-rich chlorite that contain dislocations, stacking faults, kink bands, and gliding along (001). Interstratification of packets of berthierine and chlorite with one to several tens of layers commonly is associated with terminations of a layer of chlorite by two layers of berthierine. Layers in adjacent domains of berthierine and chlorite are continuous across interfaces that transect their common {001} planes. High-strain zones that cut across cleavage planes, consisting of distorted layers and lens-shaped pores, are associated with stacking faults and gliding along cleavage planes in chlorite crystals. Similar features separate interstratified chlorite/berthierine of different structures and textures, implying development of such composite grains after deformation of chlorite. Electron diffraction patterns show that the chlorite is an ordered one- or two-layer polytype or a one-layer polytype with semi-random stacking, and that the berthierine is a one-layer polytype with semi-random stacking epitaxially intergrown with chlorite. Coexisting chlorite and berthierine have nearly identical ranges of compositions, containing Si congruent-to 5, Al congruent-to 6, and Fe a 6.5-8.5 pfu, and minor, variable Mg and Mn contents, in formulae normalized on the basis of 20 total cations. This implies polymorphism among Fe,Al-rich members of the serpentine and chlorite groups. In one of the samples, berthierine and mixed-layer chlorite/berthierine coexist with chlorite having two compositional ranges, including Fe-rich chlorite with a relatively wide range of Fe-Mg contents, and a dominant Fe-Mg chlorite. In another sample, compositionally homogeneous Fe-rich chlorite is associated with berthierine and mixed-layer chlorite/berthierine; Fe-Mg chlorite was not detected. The microstructural relations and the presence of coexisting polymorphs, complex mixed layering, heterogeneous polytypism, and wide ranges of mineral compositions are consistent with replacement of chlorite by berthierine under non-equilibrium retrograde conditions, in contrast to the generally assumed prograde origin for other berthierine occurrences. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RP JIANG, WT (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT GEOL SCI, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NR 64 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 18 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 EI 1552-8367 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400503 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA KW868 UT WOS:A1992KW86800003 ER PT J AU HILL, JM HALKA, JP CONKWRIGHT, R KOCZOT, K COLEMAN, S AF HILL, JM HALKA, JP CONKWRIGHT, R KOCZOT, K COLEMAN, S TI DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS OF SHALLOW GAS ON BULK ESTUARINE SEDIMENT PROPERTIES SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHANE IN MARINE SEDIMENTS CY SEP 19-21, 1990 CL HERIOT WATT UNIV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND HO HERIOT WATT UNIV ID MARINE AB Gas bubbles are present in sediments covering approximately 30% of the main stem of Chesapeake Bay, with bubbles occurring at the sediment-water interface in 18% of the main stem sediments. This biogenic gas is found either in the sediments in the lower salinity reaches of the Bay, or confined to sediments which overlie infilled palaeodrainage channels formed during the Wisconsinan low sea level stand (approximately 18 ka). Gas associated with the old drainage network does not correlate with present bathymetry or sedimentological patterns. Some differences between the gas-charged and gas-free sediments are: (1) gas-charged sediments have water contents 10-20% higher than comparable gas-free cores; (2) organic matter is better preserved with depth in the gas-charged sediments (upwards of 60% more at one depth); (3) monosulphides are a dominant sulphide mineral phase within the gas-charged sediments, comprising over 40% of the total sulphur. Within the gas-free sediments monosulphides are significant only near the sediment-water interface and rapidly become negligible with depth, and; (4) cores of gas-charged sediments are highly colour-banded due to preservation of sulphide mineral variations, while gas-free cores are diagenetically altered to pyrite. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP HILL, JM (reprint author), MARYLAND GEOL SURVEY,2300 ST PAUL ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1219 EP 1229 DI 10.1016/0278-4343(92)90081-T PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA JN863 UT WOS:A1992JN86300014 ER PT J AU WHITE, AF HOCHELLA, MF AF WHITE, AF HOCHELLA, MF TI SURFACE-CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH THE COOLING AND SUBAERIAL WEATHERING OF RECENT BASALT FLOWS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID KILAUEA-VOLCANO; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; GROWTH; HAWAII; MINERALOGY; FLUORIDE; ELECTRON; CALCIUM; GLASS AB The surface chemistry of fresh and weathered historical basalt flows was characterized using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surfaces of unweathered 1987-1990 flows from the Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, exhibited variable enrichment in Al, Mg, Ca, and F due to the formation of refractory fluoride compounds and pronounced depletion in Si and Fe from the volatilization of SiF4 and FeF3 during cooling. These reactions, as predicted from shifts in thermodynamic equilibrium with temperature, are induced by diffusion of HF from the flow interiors to the cooling surface. The lack of Si loss and solid fluoride formation for recent basalts from the Krafla Volcano, Iceland, suggest HF degassing at higher temperatures. Subsequent short-term subaerial weathering reactions are strongly influenced by the initial surface composition of the flow and therefore its cooling history. Successive samples collected from the 1987 Kilauea flow demonstrated that the fluoridated flow surfaces leached to a predominantly SiO2 composition by natural weathering within one year. These chemically depleted surfaces were also observed on Hawaiian basalt flows dating back to 1801 AD. Solubility and kinetic models, based on thermodynamic and kinetic data for crystalline AlF3, MgF2, and CaF2, support observed elemental depletion rates due to chemical weathering. Additional loss of alkalis from the Hawaiian basalt occurs from incongruent dissolution of the basalt glass substrate during weathering. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOL, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP WHITE, AF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 10 BP 3711 EP 3721 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90164-E PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JU619 UT WOS:A1992JU61900008 ER PT J AU SANFORD, RF AF SANFORD, RF TI LEAD ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS AND PALEOHYDROLOGY OF CALDERA-RELATED EPITHERMAL VEINS, LAKE-CITY, COLORADO SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO; VOLCANIC FIELD; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; MINERALIZATION; EVOLUTION; DISTRICT; GENESIS; PB AB The Uncompahgre caldera, and the Lake City caldera nested within it, each have fossil hydrothermal systems and associated mineral deposits that formed during multiple episodes of mineralization during Oligocene and Miocene time. New lead isotopic analyses for 51 ore samples, mainly galena, combined with previously obtained data for ore minerals and rocks, suggest likely lead source rocks and fluid-migration paths. Most values of Pb-206/Pb-204, Pb-207/Pb-204, and Pb-208/Pb-204 in galena from veins match the respective lead isotopic ratios for their host rocks; for example, all have Pb-207/Pb-204 typically in the range 18.4-19.0. The source for most vein lead is therefore probably the host unit for the vein. Some mixing of lead from other sources also occurred. RatioS of Pb-206/Pb-204 > 19.0 probably indicate a component of more-radiogenic lead from a Middle Proterozoic source. Lower lead isotopic ratios, Pb-206/Pb-204 < 18.5, suggest mixing with less-radiogenic lead from either Miocene rhyolitic volcanic and intrusive rocks or early Oligocene intermediate-composition volcanic rocks. Hydrothermal flow in the Uncompahgre caldera was predominantly west to east down the topographic slope. Discharge was mainly in closed topographic lows marked by lacustrine deposits. Hydrothermal circulation in the Lake City caldera was controlled by local topography and post-caldera intrusions and was isolated from flow in the Uncompahgre caldera and Eureka graben. Richer ore deposits may be associated with ring fault-related conduits that extend through the volcanic cover to more-radiogenic Middle Proterozoic basement at depth. As in the rest of the San Juan Mountains, lead originally came from a predominantly approximately 1450 Ma source. Enough variation in Pb-207/Pb-204 was produced by orogenic events at ca. 1450 Ma, ca. 1760 Ma, and earlier to explain most of the Pb-207/Pb-204 variation present today in Tertiary volcanic rocks and hydrothermal veins. RP SANFORD, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 905,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 104 IS 10 BP 1236 EP 1245 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1236:LICAPO>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JQ942 UT WOS:A1992JQ94200002 ER PT J AU WESTRICH, HR GERLACH, TM AF WESTRICH, HR GERLACH, TM TI MAGMATIC GAS SOURCE FOR THE STRATOSPHERIC SO2 CLOUD FROM THE JUNE 15, 1991, ERUPTION OF MOUNT-PINATUBO SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANHYDRITE-BEARING PUMICES; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; 1982 ERUPTIONS; SULFUR AB A water-rich magmatic gas phase escaped explosively from Mount Pinatubo on June 15, 1991, taking with it a load of crystalline and molten material sufficient to form pumice and tephra deposits with an estimated total dense-rock-equivalent volume of 3-5 km3 (Scott et al., 1991), and carrying in it enough sulfur to form a 20 Mt SO2 cloud in the stratosphere. Application of the "petrologic method" for estimating sulfur degassing during the climactic event from the sulfur content of trapped glass inclusions and matrix glasses in the pumice deposits requires an unacceptably large volume of erupted magma to account for SO2 in the stratospheric cloud. The ubiquitous presence of primary vapor bubbles in glass inclusions and unaltered anhydrite phenocrysts in the pumice suggest that sulfur was present in a separate H2O-rich gas phase of the Pinatubo magma before eruption. Thus, for this eruption, and perhaps others, the petrologic method for estimating sulfur degassing is prone to substantial underestimation of sulfur release and the potential climatic impact of past explosive eruptions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA 98661. RP WESTRICH, HR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT GEOCHEM 6118,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 26 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 10 BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0867:MGSFTS>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JQ943 UT WOS:A1992JQ94300001 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LL ROOF, SR AF JACKSON, LL ROOF, SR TI DETERMINATION OF THE FORMS OF CARBON IN GEOLOGIC MATERIALS SO GEOSTANDARDS NEWSLETTER LA English DT Article AB Total carbon was determined in 30 geological reference materials by combustion/IR and combustion/coulometry methods.The combustion/coulometric method does not require empirical calibration and was found to be more precise than the combustion/IR method despite the use of smaller sample sizes. Carbonate carbon was determined by coulometric titration of acid-evolved CO2. Non-carbonate carbon was calculated as the difference between the total and carbonate carbon contents. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MORRILL SCI CTR,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP JACKSON, LL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEOSTANDARDS PI VANDOEUVRE NANCY PA 15 RUE NOTRE-DAME-DES-PAUVRES BP 20, 54501 VANDOEUVRE NANCY, FRANCE SN 0150-5505 J9 GEOSTANDARD NEWSLETT JI Geostand. Newsl. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1992.tb00495.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JT554 UT WOS:A1992JT55400004 ER PT J AU VANMETRE, PC GRAY, JR AF VANMETRE, PC GRAY, JR TI EFFECTS OF URANIUM MINING DISCHARGES ON WATER-QUALITY IN THE PUERCO RIVER BASIN, ARIZONA AND NEW-MEXICO SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article AB From 1967 until 1986, uranium mine dewatering increased dissolved gross alpha, gross beta, uranium and radium activities and dissolved selenium and molybdenum concentrations in the Puerco River as indicated by time trends, areal patterns involving distance from the mines and stream discharge. Additionally, increased dissolved uranium concentrations were identified in groundwater under the Puerco River from where mine discharges entered the river to approximately the Arizona-New Mexico State line about 65 km downstream. Total mass of uranium and gross alpha activity released to the Puerco River by mine dewatering were estimated as 560 Mg (560 X 10(6) g) and 260 Ci, respectively. In comparison, a uranium mill tailings pond spill on 16 July 1979, released an estimated 1.5 Mg of uranium and 46 Ci of gross alpha activity. Mass balance calculations for alluvial ground water indicate that most of the uranium released did not remain in solution. Sorption of uranium on sediments and uptake of uranium by plants probably removed the uranium from solution. RP VANMETRE, PC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,8011 CAMERON RD,AUSTIN,TX 78753, USA. OI Van Metre, Peter/0000-0001-7564-9814 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 37 IS 5 BP 463 EP 480 DI 10.1080/02626669209492612 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA JP497 UT WOS:A1992JP49700004 ER PT J AU STANSBERRY, JA YELLE, RV LUNINE, JI MCEWEN, AS AF STANSBERRY, JA YELLE, RV LUNINE, JI MCEWEN, AS TI TRITONS SURFACE ATMOSPHERE ENERGY-BALANCE SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NEPTUNE / TRITON CONF CY JAN 06-10, 1992 CL TUCSON, AZ ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; NEPTUNE; PLUMES; ALBEDO; PHOTOMETRY; HYPOTHESIS; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; COLOR C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP STANSBERRY, JA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANETARY SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD OCT PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 242 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0019-1035(92)90144-V PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA JW591 UT WOS:A1992JW59100002 ER PT J AU MUONEKE, MI HENRY, CC MAUGHAN, OE AF MUONEKE, MI HENRY, CC MAUGHAN, OE TI POPULATION-STRUCTURE AND FOOD-HABITS OF WHITE CRAPPIE POMOXIS-ANNULARIS RAFINESQUE IN A TURBID OKLAHOMA RESERVOIR SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WHITE CRAPPIE; POMOXIS-ANNULARIS; FORAGE; CONDITION; GIZZARD SHAD; DOROSOMA-CEPEDIANUM C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 41 IS 4 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02691.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JR994 UT WOS:A1992JR99400013 ER PT J AU TESKA, JD CIPRIANO, RC SCHILL, WB AF TESKA, JD CIPRIANO, RC SCHILL, WB TI MOLECULAR AND GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE-NEGATIVE AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA ISOLATED FROM COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; CYTOCHROME OXIDASE; FURUNCULOSIS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION ID MICRODILUTION WELLS; HYBRIDIZATION; FURUNCULOSIS AB Cytochrome oxidase variants of the bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida, were characterized for genetic and molecular homology with cytochrome oxidase-positive isolates that typically induce furunculosis in salmonids. Protein and lipopolysaccharide moieties of the cytochrome oxidase-negative variants were similar to their typical counterparts, based on sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pathogenicity of aberrant isolates to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was similar to typical cytochrome oxidase-positive isolates. Colorimetric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization in 96-well microplates yielded homology values greater than 82.5% for typical aberrant A. salmonicida isolates when photobiotinylated DNA for reference A. salmonicida 3.101 was used as a probe. The only variation of these isolates from typical A. salmonicida was a negative cytochrome oxidase reaction. RP TESKA, JD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. OI Schill, William/0000-0002-9217-984X NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JX861 UT WOS:A1992JX86100001 PM 1335520 ER PT J AU SAMUEL, MD BOWERS, EF FRANSON, JC AF SAMUEL, MD BOWERS, EF FRANSON, JC TI LEAD-EXPOSURE AND RECOVERY RATES OF BLACK DUCKS BANDED IN TENNESSEE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ANAS-RUBRIPES; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; BAND RECOVERY; LEAD POISONING; TENNESSEE ID MALLARDS ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; INGESTED LEAD; BLOOD LEAD; SHOT; WATERFOWL; POPULATION; TOXICITY AB American black ducks (Anas rubripes) wintering in Tennessee during 1986 to 1988 were tested for exposure to lead. Twelve percent of the birds had blood lead concentrations exceeding 0.2 ppm. Significant differences in the prevalence of lead exposure were found for adults (14.4%) and juveniles (8.2%). Exposed birds had higher blood lead concentrations at one study site, corresponding with a lower survival index. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,REFUGES & WILDLIFE,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP SAMUEL, MD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 555 EP 561 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JX861 UT WOS:A1992JX86100008 PM 1474653 ER PT J AU HOLZMAN, S CONROY, MJ DAVIDSON, WR AF HOLZMAN, S CONROY, MJ DAVIDSON, WR TI DISEASES, PARASITES AND SURVIVAL OF COYOTES IN SOUTH-CENTRAL GEORGIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CANINE HEARTWORM; CANINE PARVOVIRUS; CANIS-LATRANS; COYOTES; DISEASE; GEORGIA; PARASITES; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY FACTORS ID CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; CENTRAL ALBERTA; WILD COYOTES; TEXAS; PARVOVIRUS AB Serologic testing, radio-telemetry and post-mortem diagnostic evaluations were used to investigate survival and causes of mortality among 17 coyotes (Canis latrans) in south-central Georgia (USA). Prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae was lower (P = 0.057) among fall-captured (22%) than among winter-captured (75%) coyotes. Prevalence of heartworm was higher among adults than juveniles in the fall, but no significant difference was detected between animals captured in winter. Antibodies were found against canine parvovirus (65%), canine parainfluenza virus (59%), infectious canine hepatitis virus (41%), and Toxoplasma gondii (18%). Antibodies were not found to Brucella canis, canine coronavirus, five serovars of Leptospira interrogans, or canine distemper virus. Seroprevalence of canine parvovirus was lower (P = 0.009) among fall-captured animals (33%) than winter-captured animals (100%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of annual survival was 0.500 for all animals. juvenile survival did not differ (P = 0.79) from adult survival, but male survival (S = 0.217) was lower (P = 0.11) than female survival (S = 0.804). Two of nine (22%) mortalities were human-caused, one was due to concurrent canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus infections, one animal died of trauma, two were considered natural mortalities of unknown cause, and no cause of death could be determined for the remaining three animals. Natural mortality may be significant for coyotes in south-central Georgia, although there was no apparent link between exposure to pathogens and the animals' subsequent fate in our small sample. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GEORGIA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SOUTHEASTERN COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HOLZMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 572 EP 580 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JX861 UT WOS:A1992JX86100010 PM 1474655 ER PT J AU EMLEN, JM FREEMAN, DC BAIN, MB LI, J AF EMLEN, JM FREEMAN, DC BAIN, MB LI, J TI INTERACTION ASSESSMENT .2. A TOOL FOR POPULATION AND COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE AB To successfully preserve or manage a species, we must understand how the community of which it is a part functions. We must know how environmental alterations affect the fitness not only of the species of interest, but also that of its competitors, predators, and prey; and we must know the form and intensity of the pertinent inter-species interactions. Interaction Assessment (INTASS) is a non-manipulative approach to constructing quantitative expressions for fitness, written as functions of measured environmental variables including local population densities of conspecifics and other interacting species. We applied this approach to, and evaluated its consistency from, data on the European land snail (Cepaea nemoralis), American eel (Anguilla rostrata), longnosed and blacknosed dace (Rhinichthys cataractae and R. atratulus), and small-mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) until data sets can be compiled on more typically studied vertebrates. INTASS analyses on key species of a community can provide the tools for predicting community-wide ramifications of environmental disturbances. They also can permit the planned manipulation of relative species abundances through habitat alteration. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DETROIT,MI 48202. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ITHACA,NY 14853. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP EMLEN, JM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,NAVAL STN PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 708 EP 717 DI 10.2307/3809464 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400012 ER PT J AU SAMUEL, MD KENOW, KP AF SAMUEL, MD KENOW, KP TI EVALUATING HABITAT SELECTION WITH RADIOTELEMETRY TRIANGULATION ERROR SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AVAILABILITY DATA; BIOTELEMETRY; LOCATIONS; BIAS AB Radio-telemetry triangulation errors result in the mislocation of animals and misclassification of habitat use. We present analytical methods that provide improved estimates of habitat use when misclassification probabilities can be determined. When misclassification probabilities cannot be determined, we use random subsamples from the error distribution of an estimated animal location to improve habitat use estimates. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the effects of this subsampling method, triangulation error, number of animal locations, habitat availability, and habitat complexity on bias and variation in habitat use estimates. Results for the subsampling method are illustrated using habitat selection by redhead ducks (Aythya americana). We recommend the subsampling method with a minimum of 50 random points to reduce problems associated with habitat misclassification. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. RP SAMUEL, MD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,6006 SCHROEDER RD,MADISON,WI 53711, USA. OI Kenow, Kevin/0000-0002-3062-5197 NR 25 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.2307/3809466 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400014 ER PT J AU BARRON, JA AF BARRON, JA TI PLIOCENE PALEOCLIMATIC INTERPRETATION OF DSDP SITE 580 (NW PACIFIC) USING DIATOMS SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROJECT LEG-86; WESTERN NORTH-PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; RECORD; OCEAN AB High-resolution quantitative diatom data are tabulated for the early part of the late Pliocene (3.25 to 2.08 Ma) at DSDP Site 580 in the northwestern Pacific. Sample spacing averages 11 k.y. between 3.1 and 2.8 Ma, but increases to 14 to 19 k.y. prior to 3.1 Ma and after 2.8 Ma. Q-mode factor analysis of the middle Pliocene assemblage reveals four factors which explain 92.4% of the total variance of the 47 samples studied between 3.25 and 2.55 Ma. Three of the factors are closely related to modem subarctic, transitional, and subtropical elements, while the four-th factor, which is dominated by Coscinodiscus marginatus and the extinct Pliocene species Neodenticula kamtschatica, appears to correspond to a middle Pliocene precursor of the subarctic water mass. Knowledge of the modern and generalized Pliocene paleoclimatic relationships of various diatom taxa is used to generate a paleoclimate curve ("Twt") based on the ratio of warm-water (subtropical) to cold-water diatoms with warm-water transitional taxa (Thalassionema nitzschioides, Thalassiosira oestrupii, and Coscinodiscus radiatus) factored into the equation at an intermediate (0.5) value. The "Twt" ratios at more southerly DSDP Sites 579 and 578 are consistently higher (warmer) than those at Site 580 throughout the Pliocene, suggesting the validity of the ratio as a paleoclimatic index. Diatom paleoclimatic data reveal a middle Pliocene (3.1 to 3.0 Ma) warm interval at Site 580 during which paleotemperatures may have exceeded maximum Holocene values by 3-degrees-5.5-degrees-C at least three times. This middle Pliocene warm interval is also recognized by planktic foraminifers in the North Atlantic, and it appears to correspond with generalized depleted oxygen isotope values suggesting polar warming. The diatom "Twt" curve for Site 580 compares fairly well with radiolarian and silicoflagellate paleoclimatic curves for Site 580, planktic foraminiferal sea-surface temperature estimates for the North Atlantic, and benthic oxygen isotope curves for late Pliocene, although higher resolution studies on paired samples are required to test the correspondence of these various paleoclimatic indices. RP BARRON, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 915,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 23 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0377-8398(92)90007-7 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA KA536 UT WOS:A1992KA53600002 ER PT J AU MORAN, DT ROWLEY, JC AIKEN, GR JAFEK, BW AF MORAN, DT ROWLEY, JC AIKEN, GR JAFEK, BW TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL NEUROBIOLOGY OF THE OLFACTORY MUCOSA OF THE BROWN TROUT, SALMO-TRUTTA SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE NOSE; OLFACTION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; TOXICOLOGY; SMELL; SENSORY; FISH ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FINE-STRUCTURE; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; MICROVILLAR CELL; EPITHELIUM; GAIRDNERI; CILIA; RECEPTORS; NEUROGENESIS; PEROXIDASE AB This paper describes four investigations of the olfactory mucosa of the brown trout: 1) the ultrastructure of the olfactory mucosa as revealed by scanning (SEM), conventional transmission (TEM), and high voltage (HVEM) electron microscopy; 2) light and electron-microscopic investigations of retrograde transport of the tracer macromolecule horseradish peroxidase (HRP) when applied to the cut olfactory nerve; 3) SEM and TEM investigations of the effects of olfactory nerve transection on cell populations within the olfactory epithelium; and 4) ultrastructural investigations of reversible degeneration of olfactory receptors caused by elevated copper concentrations. The trout olfactory epithelium contains five cell types: ciliated epithelial cells, ciliated olfactory receptor cells, microvillar olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells. The ciliated and microvillar olfactory receptor cells and a small number of basal cells are backfilled by HRP when the tracer is applied to the cut olfactory nerve. When the olfactory nerve is cut, both ciliated and microvillar olfactory receptor cells degenerate within 2 days and are morphologically intact again within 8 days. When wild trout are taken from their native stream and placed in tanks with elevated copper concentrations, ciliated and microvillar cells degenerate. Replacement of these trout into their stream of origin is followed by morphologic restoration of both types of olfactory receptor cells. Ciliated and microvillar receptor cells are primary sensory bipolar neurons whose dendrites make contact with the environment; their axons travel directly to the brain. Consequently, substances can be transported directly from the environment into the brain via these "naked neurons." Since fish cannot escape from the water in which they swim, and since that water may occasionally contain brain-toxic substances, the ability to close off-and later reopen-this anatomic gateway to the brain would confer a tremendous selective advantage upon animals that evolved the "brain-sparing" capacity to do so. Consequently, the unique regenerative powers of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons may have their evolutionary origin in fishes. C1 UNIV COLORADO, SCH MED, ROCKY MT TASTE & SMELL CTR, DEPT OTOLARYNGOL & HEAD & NECK SURG, DENVER, CO 80262 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, ARVADA, CO 80002 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-20486] NR 61 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-910X EI 1097-0029 J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 28 EP 48 DI 10.1002/jemt.1070230104 PG 21 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA JN601 UT WOS:A1992JN60100003 PM 1392070 ER PT J AU Shen, GT Cole, JE Lea, DW Linn, LJ McConnaughey, TA Fairbanks, RG AF Shen, Glen T. Cole, Julia E. Lea, David W. Linn, Laura J. McConnaughey, Ted A. Fairbanks, Richard G. TI SURFACE OCEAN VARIABILITY AT GALAPAGOS FROM 1936-1982: CALIBRATION OF GEOCHEMICAL TRACERS IN CORALS SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB A variety of geochemical tracers has been developed in reef corals as a means of reconstructing the natural variability of the tropical surface ocean over wide ranging time frames. The purpose of this paper is to calibrate the performance of five of these tracers in a modern coral colony, over an extended period. A 47-year growth interval (1936-1982) in a colony of Pavona clavus taken from San Cristobal Island, Galapagos Islands, was sectioned into 187 quarterly intervals and analyzed for delta O-18, delta C-13, Ba/Ca, Cd/Ca, and Mn/Ca. The resulting time series are compared with eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures -- one of few instrumental data bases available for calibration over this time period. Linear least squares regressions of four of the tracers (delta 18O, delta C-13, Ba/Ca, Cd/Ca) against Peruvian SST show highly significant correlations(p<0.0001). Over the annual, biennial, and ENSO (3.8 years) frequency bands, cross-spectral comparisons show even stronger coherency, with SST frequently accounting for 70-80% of the variance in these tracers. These results as well as the phase relationships determined from the spectral analyse suggest that the coupling betwee SST and delta O-18 and the nutrientlike tracers Ba and Cd is controlled principally by seasonal upwelling cycles and inter annual interruptions of these cycles brought about by El Nino and anti-El Nino phenomena. An inverse relationship between SST and delta C-13 has its primary origins in the co-occurrence of the warm SST phase with highlight levels during the first half of the calendar year. The association with sunlight derives from the photosynthetic response of algal symbionts which results in fractionation of light and heavy carbon isotopes between soft tissues and CaCO3 skeleton. T he fifth tracer, the transition metal Mn, exhibits poorer correlations against both SST and the other tracers. Slight shifts in phasing of the historical Mn/Ca annual cycle suggest that the general water column distribution of this tracer, which is the reverse of a nutrient, may not be stable. The erratic behavior of Mn illustrates how complex hydrography near Galapagos may influence tracers with diverse source signatures. C1 [Shen, Glen T.; Linn, Laura J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cole, Julia E.; Fairbanks, Richard G.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Lea, David W.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [McConnaughey, Ted A.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shen, GT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, WB 10, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU National Science Foundation [GTS/JEC-NSF ATM8815193, DWL-NSF OCE9012033] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Gary Robinson and the Charles Darwin Research Station for recovery of the coral drill cores and to Jess Adkins for his laboratory work at UCSB. We also wish to thank Minze Stuiver for providing the P. clavus core from the archive of the Quaternary Research Center and the Department of Radiology at the University of Washington for generously producing X-radiographs Stan Hayes shared with us his insights on the hydrography near Galapagos - we will miss him as an expert resource and gentle colleague. We thank Phil Howell for providing the ARAND software package used in spectral analysis and Dave Anderson, John Imbrie, and Jonathan Overpeck for discussion of spectral results. T he manuscript benefitted from thorough readings by Rob Dunbar, Ellen Druffel, Ken Miller, Larry Peterson, Bob Halley, and Deborah Le Bel. We thank to Terry Holland-Meyers for preparing the camera-ready manuscript. Funds for this research were provided by the National Science Foundation (GTS/JEC-NSF ATM8815193, DWL-NSF OCE9012033). NR 90 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD OCT PY 1992 VL 7 IS 5 BP 563 EP 588 DI 10.1029/92PA01825 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA V23KH UT WOS:000208341200004 ER PT J AU HELDER, DL QUIRK, BK HOOD, JJ AF HELDER, DL QUIRK, BK HOOD, JJ TI A TECHNIQUE FOR THE REDUCTION OF BANDING IN LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER IMAGES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LINE AB The radiometric difference between forward and reverse scans in Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images, referred to as "banding," can create problems when enhancing the image for interpretation or when performing quantitative studies. Recent research has led to the development of a method that reduces the banding in Landsat TM data sets. It involves passing a one-dimensional spatial kernel over the data set. This kernel is developed from the statistics of the banding pattern and is based on the Wiener filter. It has been implemented on both a DOS-based microcomputer and several UNIX-based computer systems. The algorithm has successfully reduced the banding in several test data sets. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVAT SYST,CTR DATA,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. TGS TECHNOL INC,EARTH RESOURCES OBSERVAT SYST,CTR DATA,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. RP HELDER, DL (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1425 EP 1431 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JR083 UT WOS:A1992JR08300002 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, SW CANNON, WF SCHULZ, KJ AF NICHOLSON, SW CANNON, WF SCHULZ, KJ TI METALLOGENY OF THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT SYSTEM OF NORTH-AMERICA SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CU-NI DEPOSIT; COLDWELL ALKALINE COMPLEX; MID-CONTINENT RIFT; DULUTH-COMPLEX; MAMAINSE-POINT; LAKE-SUPERIOR; COPPER MINERALIZATION; KEWEENAW PENINSULA; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; WHITE-PINE AB The 1.1 Ga Midcontinent rift system of North America is one of the world's major continental rifts and hosts a variety of mineral deposits. The rocks and mineral deposits of this 2000 km long rift are exposed only in the Lake Superior region. In the Lake Superior region, the rift cuts across Precambrian basement terranes ranging in age from approximately 1850 Ma to more than 3500 Ma. Where exposed, the rift consists of widespread tholeiitic basalt flows with local interlayered rhyolite and clastic sedimentary rocks. Beneath the center of Lake Superior the volcanic and sedimentary rocks are more than 30 km deep as shown by recent seismic reflection profiles. This region hosts two major classes of mineral deposits, magmatic and hydrothermal. All important mineral production in this region has come from hydrothermal deposits. Rift-related hydrothermal deposits include four main types: (1) native copper deposits in basalts and interflow sediments; (2) sediment-hosted copper sulfide and native copper; (3) copper sulfide veins and lodes hosted by rift-related volcanic and sedimentary rocks; and (4) polymetallic (five-element) veins in the surrounding Archean country rocks. The scarcity of sulfur within the rift rocks resulted in the formation of very large deposits of native metals. Where hydrothermal sulfides occur (i.e., shale-hosted copper sulfides), the source of sulfur was local sedimentary rocks. Magmatic deposits have locally supported exploration and minor production, but most are subeconomic presently. These deposits occur in intrusions exposed near the margins of the rift and include Cu-Ni-PGE and Ti-Fe (V) in the Duluth Complex, U-REE-Nb in small carbonatites, and breccia pipes resulting from local hydrothermal activity around small felsic intrusions. Mineralization associated with some magmatic bodies resulted from the concentration of incompatible elements during fractional crystatlization. Most of the sulfide deposits in intrusions, however, contain sulfur derived from country rocks; the interaction between magma and country rocks was important in generation of the magmatic Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. A mantle plume origin has been proposed for the formation of the Midcontinent rift. More than 1 million km3 of mafic magma was erupted in the rift and a comparable volume of mafic intrusions are inferred beneath the rift, providing a ready and structurally confined supply of mafic source rocks that were available for leaching of metals by basinal brines. These brines were heated by a steep geothermal gradient that resulted from the melting and underplating of magma derived from the plume. Hydrothermal deposits were emplaced for at least 30-40 m.y. after rift magmatism and extension ceased. This time lag may reflect either the time required to heat deeply buried rocks and fluids within the rift, or may be due to the timing of post-rift compression that may have provided the driving mechanism for expulsion of hydrothermal fluids from deep portions of the rift. RP NICHOLSON, SW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 954,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 102 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP 355 EP 386 DI 10.1016/0301-9268(92)90125-8 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JZ944 UT WOS:A1992JZ94400017 ER PT J AU GAAL, G SCHULTZ, K AF GAAL, G SCHULTZ, K TI PRECAMBRIAN METALLOGENY RELATED TO PLATE-TECTONICS - PREFACE SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 GEOL SURVEY FINLAND,ESPOO,FINLAND. US GEOL SURVEY,EASTERN MINERAL RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. RP GAAL, G (reprint author), HUNGARIAN GEOL INST,STEFANIA 14,POB 106,H-1143 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 58 IS 1-4 BP R7 EP R9 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JZ944 UT WOS:A1992JZ94400001 ER PT J AU PARKER, NC AF PARKER, NC TI AN AERATION TOWER FOR AQUACULTURE SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB Construction details are provided for an aeration tower successfully used since 1978 to increase dissolved oxygen in pumped groundwater from 0 to about 80-85% of saturation at 65-72-degrees-F. The steel and polyvinyl chloride components are commonly available. Construction requires skills and tools available in any large steel fabrication shop. The tower requires a pressurized water supply of 200-600 gal/min to operate the aspirator and delivers aerated water at a constant 23 ft of water pressure when operated with a slight overflow. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SE FISH CULT LAB,MARION,AL 36756. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 54 IS 4 BP 274 EP 277 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0274:AATFA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR448 UT WOS:A1992KR44800015 ER PT J AU SHANLEY, KW MCCABE, PJ HETTINGER, RD AF SHANLEY, KW MCCABE, PJ HETTINGER, RD TI TIDAL INFLUENCE IN CRETACEOUS FLUVIAL STRATA FROM UTAH, USA - A KEY TO SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL STRUCTURE; MESOTIDAL ESTUARY; SAND WAVES; FACIES; DEPOSITS; RIVER; SEA; MEMBER; MODEL; BASIN AB Detailed models already exist that outline physical and temporal relationships in marine and marginal marine strata. Such models are still in their infancy in alluvial deposits. Recognition of tidal and estuarine influence in fluvial strata is critical to the development of high resolution sequence stratigraphic correlations between marine and non-marine strata. Strata that have previously been interpreted as low energy meandering river deposits contain sedimentary and biogenic structures that suggest a tidal influence. These structures include sigmoidal bedding, paired mud/silt drapes, wavy and lenticular bedding, shrinkage cracks, multiple reactivation surfaces, inclined heterolithic strata, complex compound cross-beds, bidirectional cross-beds, and trace fossils including Teredolites, Arenicolites and Skolithos. Although none of these structures is unique to tidal processes, the preponderance of data suggests that fluvial systems have been affected by tidal processes well inland of coeval shoreline deposits. These deposits rarely form a significant proportion of a depositional sequence; however, their occurrence allows time significant surfaces to be extended for tens or even hundreds of kilometres inland from coeval shoreline deposits. In Turonian through Campanian strata exposed in the Kaiparowits Plateau of southern Utah, tidally influenced facies are recognized within at least two distinct stratigraphic levels that were deposited during periods of relatively rapid base level rise. These strata form part of an alluvial transgressive systems tract. Landward of each of the marine transgressive maxima, tidal facies are present in fluvial channels that are completely encased in non-marine strata at distances up to 65 km inland from a coeval palaeoshoreline. Our work suggests that such deposits may have gone unrecognized in the past, but they form a significant component of alluvial strata in many depositional sequences. Although these tidally influenced fluvial deposits may be difficult to recognize. they are temporally equivalent to marine maximum flooding surfaces and provide a chronostratigraphic correlation between alluvial and nearshore marine deposits. C1 COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT GEOL & GEOL ENGN,GOLDEN,CO 80401. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. OI McCabe, Peter/0000-0001-5262-1018 NR 94 TC 141 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 39 IS 5 BP 905 EP 930 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1992.tb02159.x PG 26 WC Geology SC Geology GA KA377 UT WOS:A1992KA37700012 ER PT J AU DINEHART, RL AF DINEHART, RL TI EVOLUTION OF COARSE GRAVEL BED FORMS - FIELD-MEASUREMENTS AT FLOOD STAGE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT RATES; KICKING-HORSE-RIVER; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; LOAD TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; SAND; STRATIFICATION; ENTRAINMENT; RESISTANCE; MIGRATION AB Field measurements to investigate the origin and growth of mesoscale gravel bed forms in deep flows were made in the North Fork Toutle River, Washington. Sonar observations of the gravel streambed at a stationary point were recorded during two storm flows in December 1989 and January 1990 with concurrent bed load sampling and continuous velocity measurements. Mean diameter of bed load was about 3 cm, flow depths were 1.4-2.4 m, and bed shear stresses were 2-5 times the critical stress of mean bed load diameter, as computed from the depth-slope product. These records document the hydrodynamic conditions under which dunelike coarse gravel bed forms were observed. Coarse gravel dunes (height, 20 cm; length, 6-15 m) evolved more than 24 hours after peak stage, primarily by accretion, as inferred from bed form changes revealed in dual sonar records. Dune heights increased to 40 cm as mean trough elevation rose about 50 cm over several hours. Smaller dunes (wavelength, 1-3 m), transitional from bed load sheets, migrated on the backs of the large dunes. The superposed dunes finally became indistinguishable from the large dunes, which diminished in height by increasing the mean level of troughs. Gravel deposition occurred at the observation point in conjunction with migration of gravel dunes. The direct comparison of known bed form regimes and gravel bar facies provides alternative interpretations of gravelly deposits. RP DINEHART, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 76 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2667 EP 2689 DI 10.1029/92WR01357 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900012 ER PT J AU MURDOCH, PS STODDARD, JL AF MURDOCH, PS STODDARD, JL TI THE ROLE OF NITRATE IN THE ACIDIFICATION OF STREAMS IN THE CATSKILL MOUNTAINS OF NEW-YORK SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-WATER CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ACID PRECIPITATION; SULFURIC-ACID; MINERAL ACIDS; FOREST SOILS; QUALITY; TRENDS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Research on the effects of acidic deposition in the United States has focused largely on the role of sulfur deposition in the acidification of surface waters. Results from both long-term (up to 70 years) and recent monitoring of stream chemistry in the Catskill Mountains of New York indicate, however, that nitric acid has a significant and increasing role in surface water acidification that, during high-flow periods, rivals the role of sulfuric acid. Nitrate increases with increased streamflow throughout the year except during the late summer, when biological activity and its attendant nitrogen uptake are greatest; peak concentrations as high as 128 mueq/L have been recorded during spring snowmelt. In contrast, SO42- concentrations decrease with increased flow. The ratio of NO3-:(NO3- + SO42-) in the seven U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency long-term monitoring (LTM) streams ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 from August 1983 through February 1990. Seasonal Kendall tau tests for trends suggest a general decrease in SO42- concentrations and increase in NO3- concentrations in these streams during that period. Trend analysis of 19 large streams with periods of record from 23 to 70 years indicates that NO3- concentrations have been increasing in Catskill streams since 1970. The increasing trend appears to be primarily a result of increasing peak flow concentrations; base flow concentrations in the same large streams show only small changes over the period of record. Increases in base flow NO3- concentrations in headwater LTM streams have been larger, however. Trend information and seasonal patterns suggest that Catskill watersheds may be approaching nitrogen saturation. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP MURDOCH, PS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,POB 1397,ALBANY,NY 12201, USA. OI Stoddard, John/0000-0002-2537-6130 NR 63 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2707 EP 2720 DI 10.1029/92WR00953 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900014 ER PT J AU KIM, BKA JACKMAN, AP TRISKA, FJ AF KIM, BKA JACKMAN, AP TRISKA, FJ TI MODELING BIOTIC UPTAKE BY PERIPHYTON AND TRANSIENT HYPORRHEIC STORAGE OF NITRATE IN A NATURAL STREAM SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; 3RD-ORDER STREAM; MOUNTAIN STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON; RETENTION; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS AB To a convection-dispersion hydrologic transport model we coupled a transient storage submodel (Bencala, 1984) and a biotic uptake submodel based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Kim et al., 1990). Our purpose was threefold: (1) to simulate nitrate retention in response to change in load in a third-order stream, (2) to differentiate biotic versus hydrologic factors in nitrate retention, and (3) to produce a research tool whose properties are consistent with laboratory and field observations. Hydrodynamic parameters were fitted from chloride concentration during a 20-day chloride-nitrate coinjection (Bencala, 1984), and biotic uptake kinetics were based on flume studies by Kim et al. (1990) and Triska et al. (1983). Nitrate concentration from the 20-day coinjection experiment served as a base for model validation. The complete transport retention model reasonably predicted the observed nitrate concentration. However, simulations which lacked either the transient storage submodel or the biotic uptake submodel poorly predicted the observed nitrate concentration. Model simulations indicated that transient storage in channel and hyporrheic interstices dominated nitrate retention within the first 24 hours, whereas biotic uptake dominated thereafter. A sawtooth function for V(max) ranging from 0.10 to 0.17 mug NO3-N s-1 gAFDM-1 (grams ash free dry mass) slightly underpredicted nitrate retention in simulations of 2-7 days. This result was reasonable since uptake by other nitrate-demanding processes were not included. The model demonstrated how ecosystem retention is an interaction between physical and biotic processes and supports the validity of coupling separate hydrodynamic and reactive submodels to established solute transport models in biological studies of fluvial ecosystems. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KIM, BKA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2743 EP 2752 DI 10.1029/92WR01229 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900017 ER PT J AU ENGESGAARD, P KIPP, KL AF ENGESGAARD, P KIPP, KL TI A GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODEL FOR REDOX-CONTROLLED MOVEMENT OF MINERAL FRONTS IN GROUNDWATER-FLOW SYSTEMS - A CASE OF NITRATE REMOVAL BY OXIDATION OF PYRITE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; MULTICOMPONENT MASS-TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY; NUMERICAL ALGORITHM; ION-EXCHANGE; SIMULATION; VERIFICATION; COMPLEXATION AB A one-dimensional prototype geochemical transport model was developed in order to handle simultaneous precipitation-dissolution and oxidation-reduction reactions governed by chemical equilibria. Total aqueous component concentrations are the primary dependent variables, and a sequential iterative approach is used for the calculation. The model was verified by analytical and numerical comparisons and is able to simulate sharp mineral fronts. At a site in Denmark, denitrification has been observed by oxidation of pyrite. Simulation of nitrate movement at this site showed a redox front movement rate of 0.58 m yr-1, which agreed with calculations of others. It appears that the sequential iterative approach is the most practical for extension to multidimensional simulation and for handling large numbers of components and reactions. However, slow convergence may limit the size of redox systems that can be handled. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. RP ENGESGAARD, P (reprint author), TECH UNIV DENMARK,GROUND WATER RES CTR,INST HYDRODYNAM & HYDRAUL ENGN,BLDG 115,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. NR 45 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2829 EP 2843 DI 10.1029/92WR01264 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900026 ER PT J AU CASULLI, V CHENG, RT AF CASULLI, V CHENG, RT TI SEMIIMPLICIT FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL SHALLOW-WATER FLOW SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE 3-DIMENSIONAL; SEMIIMPLICIT; SHALLOW WATER ID HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY; ACCURATE TIDAL COMPUTATIONS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; DELAWARE BAY; RIVER SYSTEM; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; MODEL AB A semi-implicit finite difference method for the numerical solution of three-dimensional shallow water flows is presented and discussed. The governing equations are the primitive three-dimensional turbulent mean flow equations where the pressure distribution in the vertical has been assumed to be hydrostatic. In the method of solution a minimal degree of implicitness has been adopted in such a fashion that the resulting algorithm is stable and gives a maximal computational efficiency at a minimal computational cost. At each time step the numerical method requires the solution of one large linear system which can be formally decomposed into a set of small three-diagonal systems coupled with one five-diagonal system. All these linear systems are symmetric and positive definite. Thus the existence and uniqueness of the numerical solution are assured. When only one vertical layer is specified, this method reduces as a special case to a semi-implicit scheme for solving the corresponding two-dimensional shallow water equations. The resulting two- and three-dimensional algorithm has been shown to be fast, accurate and mass-conservative and can also be applied to simulate flooding and drying of tidal mud-flats in conjunction with three-dimensional flows. Furthermore, the resulting algorithm is fully vectorizable for an efficient implementation on modern vector computers. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP CASULLI, V (reprint author), UNIV TRENTO,DIPARTIMENTO MATEMAT,I-38050 TRENT,ITALY. RI casulli, vincenzo/A-8507-2013; OI Casulli, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2398-9339 NR 35 TC 320 Z9 339 U1 2 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 15 IS 6 BP 629 EP 648 DI 10.1002/fld.1650150602 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA JN687 UT WOS:A1992JN68700001 ER PT J AU SPUDICH, PKP AF SPUDICH, PKP TI ON THE INFERENCE OF ABSOLUTE STRESS LEVELS FROM SEISMIC RADIATION SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PHYSICS AND EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS CY NOV 19-22, 1990 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, NATL COMM SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, SCI COUNCIL JAPAN, SEISMOL SOC JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; RUPTURE HISTORY; EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; WHITTIER-NARROWS; GROUND MOTION; CALIFORNIA; INVERSION; SLIP AB This paper determines the conditions under which it is possible to learn the absolute stress level at a subset of points on a fault from observation of the fault kinematics. Specifically, the points on a rupturing fault can be divided into two groups, those points at which the rake rotates during the rupture process, and those points at which the rake does not rotate. If it is true that sliding frictional traction is collinear with the instantaneous velocity of one side of a fault, then at the former group of points (having rotating rakes) there is a unique absolute stress consistent with the motion, while at the latter group of points (having rakes that do not rotate) the absolute stress is unspecified by the motion. Published dislocation solutions for the 1979 Imperial Valley, 1986 North Palm Springs, 1987 Whittier Narrows, and 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquakes are examined for evidence of temporal rotations of rake at the hypocenters and largest asperities. The 1986 North Palm Springs earthquake shows evidence of a possible rake rotation at the hypocenter. This may imply a low absolute stress level. RP SPUDICH, PKP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90053-9 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JQ656 UT WOS:A1992JQ65600009 ER PT J AU DIETERICH, JH AF DIETERICH, JH TI EARTHQUAKE NUCLEATION ON FAULTS WITH RATE-DEPENDENT AND STATE-DEPENDENT STRENGTH SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PHYSICS AND EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS CY NOV 19-22, 1990 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, NATL COMM SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, SCI COUNCIL JAPAN, SEISMOL SOC JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID CONSTITUTIVE BEHAVIOR; STICK-SLIP; FRICTION; STABILITY; INSTABILITY; FAILURE; RUPTURE; SYSTEM; ZONE AB Faults with rate- and state-dependent constitutive properties reproduce a range of observed fault slip phenomena including spontaneous nucleation of slip instabilities at stresses above some critical stress level and recovery of strength following slip instability. Calculations with a plane-strain fault model with spatially varying properties demonstrate that accelerating slip precedes instability and becomes localized to a fault patch. The dimensions of the fault patch follow scaling relations for the minimum critical length for unstable fault slip. The critical length is a function of normal stress, loading conditions and constitutive parameters which include D(c), the characteristic slip distance. If slip starts on a patch that exceeds the critical size, the length of the rapidly accelerating zone tends to shrink to the characteristic size as the time of instability approaches. Solutions have been obtained for a uniform, fixed-patch model that are in good agreement with results from the plane-strain model. Over a wide range of conditions, above the steady-state stress, the logarithm of the time to instability linearly decreases as the initial stress increases. Because nucleation patch length and premonitory displacement are proportional to D(c), the moment of premonitory slip scales by D(c)3. The scaling of D(c) is currently an open question. Unless D(c) for earthquake faults is significantly greater than that observed on laboratory faults, premonitory strain arising from the nucleation process for earthquakes may by too small to detect using current observation methods. Excluding the possibility that D(c) in the nucleation zone controls the magnitude of the subsequent earthquake, then the source dimensions of the smallest earthquakes in a region provide an upper limit for the size of the nucleation patch. RP DIETERICH, JH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 32 TC 362 Z9 391 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 115 EP 134 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90055-B PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JQ656 UT WOS:A1992JQ65600011 ER PT J AU BYERLEE, J AF BYERLEE, J TI THE CHANGE IN ORIENTATION OF SUBSIDIARY SHEARS NEAR FAULTS CONTAINING PORE FLUID UNDER HIGH-PRESSURE SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PHYSICS AND EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS CY NOV 19-22, 1990 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, NATL COMM SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, SCI COUNCIL JAPAN, SEISMOL SOC JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA; COMPARTMENTS; GENERATION; MIGRATION; PETROLEUM; AFTERSHOCKS; EARTHQUAKE; ZONES AB The mechanical effects of a fault containing near-lithostatic fluid pressure in which fluid pressure decreases monotonically from the core of the fauLt zone to the adjacent country rock is considered. This fluid pressure distribution has mechanical implications for the orientation of subsidiary shears around a fault. Analysis shows that the maximum principal stress is oriented at a high angle to the fault in the country rock where the pore pressure is hydrostatic, and rotates to 45-degrees to the fault within the fault zone where the pore pressure is much higher. This analysis suggests that on the San Andreas fault, where heat flow constraints require that the coefficient of friction for slip on the fault be less than 0.1, the pore fluid pressure on the main fault is 85% of the lithostatic pressure. The observed geometry of the subsidiary shears in the creeping section of the San Andreas are broadly consistent with this model, with differences that may be due to the heterogeneous nature of the fault. RP BYERLEE, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90066-F PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JQ656 UT WOS:A1992JQ65600022 ER PT J AU MOORE, DE BYERLEE, J AF MOORE, DE BYERLEE, J TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SLIDING BEHAVIOR AND INTERNAL GEOMETRY OF LABORATORY FAULT ZONES AND SOME CREEPING AND LOCKED STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS OF CALIFORNIA SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PHYSICS AND EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS CY NOV 19-22, 1990 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, NATL COMM SEISMOL & PHYS EARTH INTERIOR, SCI COUNCIL JAPAN, SEISMOL SOC JAPAN HO UNIV TOKYO ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; MODELS; SYSTEM; STRESS; GOUGE; STATE AB In order to relate fault geometries to sliding behavior, maps of recently active breaks within the Hayward fault of central California, which is characterized by fault creep, have been examined and compared to maps of the San Andreas fault. The patterns of recent breaks of the Hayward fault are consistent with those found within the creeping section of the San Andreas, and they appear to have plausible physical explanations in the findings of laboratory experiments. The distinguishing geometric features of the examined locked and creeping faults are: (1) P-type second-order traces predominate over R(Riedel)-type traces in creeping sections; and (2) R-type second-order traces make smaller angles to the local fault strike in creeping sections than they do in locked sections. Two different maps of the Hayward fault gave similar results, supporting the inference that the patterns identified are basic characteristics of the fault rather than artifacts of a particular mapping procedure. P shears predominate over R shears under laboratory conditions that allow dilation within the, fault zone. In our own experiments, P-shear development was favored by the generation of excess pore-fluid pressures. We propose that creep in California faults also is the result of fluid overpressures that are maintained in a low-permeability gouge zone and that significantly lower effective stresses, thus helping to stabilize slip and producing high values of the ratio P/R. Small R-trace angles may also be an indicator of low effective stresses, but the evidence for this is not conclusive because other factors can also affect the size of the angles. RP MOORE, DE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90067-G PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JQ656 UT WOS:A1992JQ65600023 ER PT J AU MIKUMO, T AKI, K OHNAKA, M RUFF, LJ SPUDICH, PHP AF MIKUMO, T AKI, K OHNAKA, M RUFF, LJ SPUDICH, PHP TI SPECIAL ISSUE - EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PHYSICS AND EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS - PAPERS FROM INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM ON EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PHYSICS AND EARTHQUAKE PRECURSORS, HELD IN TOKYO, JAPAN, NOVEMBER 19-22, 1990 - PREFACE SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT GEOL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. UNIV TOKYO,EARTHQUAKE RES INST,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MIKUMO, T (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,DISASTER PREVENT RES INST,EARTHQUAKE PREDICT RES CTR,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 211 IS 1-4 BP R7 EP R10 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JQ656 UT WOS:A1992JQ65600001 ER PT J AU BATES, AL SPIKER, EC AF BATES, AL SPIKER, EC TI CHEMICAL-CHANGES AND CARBON ISOTOPE VARIATIONS IN A CROSS-SECTION OF A LARGE MIOCENE GYMNOSPERMOUS LOG SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATIONS IN ORGANIC MATTER : BIOSYNTHETIC AND DIAGENETIC PROCESSES, AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01, 1990 CL DALLAS, TX SP GEOL SOC AMER, GEOCHEM SOC, ORGANIC GEOCHEM DIV, AMER CHEM SOC, GEOCHEM DIV ID C-13; DIAGENESIS; CELLULOSE; WOOD AB The cross-sectional radius of a 3-m (diam.) brown coal gymnospermous log of Miocene age, previously analyzed for carbohydrate and lignin methoxyl content by solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was examined using stable carbon isotopic ratios in order to determine if the isotopic composition could be related to chemical changes or to radial position. This study found a possible relationship between deltaC-13-values and radial position; however, these changes cannot be linked to carbohydrate content and are probably attributable to changing growth conditions during the lifetime of the tree. An apparent linear relationship between the changes in carbohydrate content after sodium para-periodate treatment and corresponding changes in the deltaC-13-values indicates constant isotopic fractionation between lignin and carbohydrates along the cross-sectional radius. This result indicates that diagenesis has not produced any significant change in the lignin-carbohydrate carbon isotopic fractionation or, alternatively, that diagenesis has erased any fractionation pattern that once existed. A sample of fresh wood from another gymnospermous species was analyzed by the same methods and found to have lignin-carbohydrate carbon isotopic fractionation significantly different from that of the Miocene log section samples, suggesting that differences may be species-related or that the complex mixture of carbohydrates in the fresh wood was isotopically different from that of the degraded wood, and the whole Miocene log was uniformly altered. RP BATES, AL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,956 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 25 PY 1992 VL 101 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90006-Q PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JX699 UT WOS:A1992JX69900006 ER PT J AU FRANKEL, A LEITH, W AF FRANKEL, A LEITH, W TI EVALUATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS ON P-WAVES AND S-WAVES OF EXPLOSIONS AT THE NORTHERN NOVAYA-ZEMLYA TEST SITE USING 3-D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using a 3-D finite difference simulation, we calculated the effects of surface topography on the amplitudes and waveforms of seismic waves generated by a hypothetical nuclear explosion at the northern Novaya Zemlya test site (Matochkin Shar). The simulation shows substantial azimuthal variations in the amplitude of the downgoing P waveform at shallow depths beneath the source, caused by variations in the amplitude of pP. However, these azimuthal amplitude variations diminish as the wavefront propagates deeper in the crust. Based on these results, we estimate that the topographic scarp considered here produces a maximum azimuthal variation of +/-0.05 magnitude units for m(b) determined from teleseismic P-waves. The sloping topography causes substantial SH motion for azimuths along the strike of the scarp. RP FRANKEL, A (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,922 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 4 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 1992 VL 19 IS 18 BP 1887 EP 1890 DI 10.1029/92GL02147 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JP962 UT WOS:A1992JP96200022 ER PT J AU BELTON, MJS VEVERKA, J THOMAS, P HELFENSTEIN, P SIMONELLI, D CHAPMAN, C DAVIES, ME GREELEY, R GREENBERG, R HEAD, J MURCHIE, S KLAASEN, K JOHNSON, TV MCEWEN, A MORRISON, D NEUKUM, G FANALE, F ANGER, C CARR, M PILCHER, C AF BELTON, MJS VEVERKA, J THOMAS, P HELFENSTEIN, P SIMONELLI, D CHAPMAN, C DAVIES, ME GREELEY, R GREENBERG, R HEAD, J MURCHIE, S KLAASEN, K JOHNSON, TV MCEWEN, A MORRISON, D NEUKUM, G FANALE, F ANGER, C CARR, M PILCHER, C TI GALILEO ENCOUNTER WITH 951 GASPRA - 1ST PICTURES OF AN ASTEROID SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; PHOBOS; FEATURES; DEIMOS AB Galileo images of Gaspra reveal it to be an irregularly shaped object (19 by 12 by 11 kilometers) that appears to have been created by a catastrophic collisional disruption of a precursor parent body. The cratering age of the surface is about 200 million years. Subtle albedo and color variations appear to correlate with morphological features: Brighter materials are associated with craters especially along the crests of ridges, have a stronger 1-micrometer absorption, and may represent freshly excavated mafic materials; darker materials exhibiting a significantly weaker 1-micrometer absorption appear concentrated in interridge areas. One explanation of these patterns is that Gaspra is covered with a thin regolith and that some of this material has migrated downslope in some areas. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,ITHACA,NY 14853. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719. PLANETARY SCI INST,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NASA HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. DFVLR,W-8031 OBERPFAFFENHOFEN,GERMANY. UNIV HAWAII,INST GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. INST SPACE & TERR SCI,CONCORD L4K 3C8,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 55 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 18 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5077 BP 1647 EP 1652 DI 10.1126/science.257.5077.1647 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JN501 UT WOS:A1992JN50100021 PM 17841160 ER PT J AU LIU, LB ZOBACK, MD SEGALL, P AF LIU, LB ZOBACK, MD SEGALL, P TI RAPID INTRAPLATE STRAIN ACCUMULATION IN THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; GEODETIC DATA; FAULT AB Remeasurement of a triangulation network in the southern part of the New Madrid seismic zone with the Global Positioning System has revealed rapid crustal strain accumulation since the 1950s. This area experienced three large (moment magnitudes > 8) earthquakes in 1811 to 1812. The orientation and sense of shear is consistent with right-lateral strike slip motion along a northeast-trending fault zone (as indicated by current seismicity). Detection of crustal strain accumulation may be a useful discriminant for identifying areas where potentially damaging intraplate earthquakes may occur despite the absence of large earthquakes during historic time. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP LIU, LB (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 33 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 18 PY 1992 VL 257 IS 5077 BP 1666 EP 1669 DI 10.1126/science.257.5077.1666 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JN501 UT WOS:A1992JN50100026 PM 17841164 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, HE GARBARINO, JR MURPHY, DM BECKETT, R AF TAYLOR, HE GARBARINO, JR MURPHY, DM BECKETT, R TI INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY AS AN ELEMENT-SPECIFIC DETECTOR FOR FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION PARTICLE SEPARATION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ION-SOURCE; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; SLURRY ATOMIZATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RIVER WATER AB An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer was used for the quantitative measurement of trace elements in specific, submicrometer size-fraction particulates, separated by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. Fractions were collected from the eluent of the field-flow fractionation centrifuge and nebulized, with a Babington-type pneumatic nebulizer, into an argon inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. Measured ion currents were used to quantify the major, minor, and trace element composition of the size-separated colloidal (< 1-mu-m diameter) particulates. The composition of surface-water suspended matter collected from the Yarra and Darling rivers in Australia is presented to illustrate the usefulness of this tool for characterizing environmental materials. An adsorption experiment was performed using cadmium ion to demonstrate the utility for studying the processes of trace metal-suspended sediment interactions and contaminant transport in natural aquatic systems. C1 MONASH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MELBOURNE,VIC 3004,AUSTRALIA. MONASH UNIV,CTR WATER RESOURCES,MELBOURNE,VIC 3004,AUSTRALIA. RP TAYLOR, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOX 25046,MS 458,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 31 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 18 BP 2036 EP 2041 DI 10.1021/ac00042a005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JN432 UT WOS:A1992JN43200005 PM 19518039 ER PT J AU MCALLISTER, PE OWENS, WJ AF MCALLISTER, PE OWENS, WJ TI RECOVERY OF INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS FROM THE FECES OF WILD PISCIVOROUS BIRDS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FISH AB Faecal samples were collected from wild birds frequenting salmonid fish hatcheries to determine if birds excrete infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus in their faeces. Samples were collected from early June through early September. IPN virus was detected in faeces from herons, mallards, and other birds at titres similar to the titres found in the hatchery fish. Bird predation and virus prevalence in bird faeces was much reduced at a hatchery using electric fence barriers to deter birds and at a hatchery where the entire raceway area was enclosed by netting. RP MCALLISTER, PE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 106 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90254-I PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JP597 UT WOS:A1992JP59700002 ER PT J AU SAIKI, MK JENNINGS, MR MAY, TW AF SAIKI, MK JENNINGS, MR MAY, TW TI SELENIUM AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN FRESH-WATER FISHES FROM THE IRRIGATED SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM; ELEMENTS; FISH ID CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; WATER FISH; LEAD; CADMIUM; MERCURY; BASS AB Arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) were measured in composite whole-body samples of five fishes - bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus) - from the San Joaquin River system to determine if concentrations were elevated from exposure to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage. Except for Cr, the concentrations of these elements in fishes from one or more sites were elevated; however, only Se approached concentrations that may adversely affect survival, growth, or reproduction in warm water fishes. Moreover, only Se among the four measured elements exhibited a geographic (spatial) pattern that coincided with known inflows of tile drainage to the San Joaquin River and its tributaries. Historical data from the Grassland Water District (Grasslands; a region exposed to concentrated tile drainage) suggested that concentrations of Se in fishes were at maximum during or shortly after 1984 and have been slightly lower since then. The recent decline of Se concentrations in fishes from the Grasslands could be temporary if additional acreages of irrigated lands in this portion of the San Joaquin Valley must be tile-drained to protect agricultural crops from rising groundwater tables C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP SAIKI, MK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,FIELD RES STN DIXON,6924 TREMONT RD,DIXON,CA 95620, USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD SEP 11 PY 1992 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90487-D PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JT253 UT WOS:A1992JT25300009 ER PT J AU KETTLER, RM RYE, RO KESSLER, SE MEYERS, PA POLANCO, J RUSSELL, N AF KETTLER, RM RYE, RO KESSLER, SE MEYERS, PA POLANCO, J RUSSELL, N TI GOLD DEPOSITION BY SULFIDATION OF FERROUS FE IN THE LACUSTRINE SEDIMENTS OF THE PUEBLO VIEJO DISTRICT (DOMINICAN-REPUBLIC) - THE EFFECT OF FE-C-S DIAGENESIS ON LATER HYDROTHERMAL MINERALIZATION IN A MAAR DIATREME COMPLEX SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMI-EUXINIC SEDIMENTS; GEOCHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; PYRITE FORMATION; STABLE ISOTOPE; ORE-DEPOSITS; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION; WATER; SIDERITE; IRON AB The Pueblo Viejo district, located in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic, contains large Au-Ag deposits associated with acid-sulfate alteration within spilites, conglomerates and carbonaceous sedimentary rocks that were deposited in a maar-diatreme complex. Much of the Au mineralization occurs in pyritic, carbonaceous siltstones of the Pueblo Viejo Maar-Diatreme Member of the Cretaceous Los Ranchos Formation. Pyrite is the only Fe-bearing phase in mineralized rock, whereas siderite is the dominant Fe-bearing phase in siltstones distal to mineralization. Disseminated pyrite occurs as framboids, cubes, pyritohedra, concretions and cement. Early framboids occur throughout the district. Au occurs as inclusions in later non-framboid disseminated pyrite (NFDP); an occurrence that is interpreted to be indicative of contemporaneous deposition. Pyrite framboids exhibit a wide range of deltaS-34CDT-values ( - 17.5 to + 4.8 parts per thousand) and are interpreted to have formed during biogenic reduction of pore-water sulfate. The NFDP yield restricted deltaS-34CDT-values (xBAR = - 5.2 parts per thousand, s = +/- 2.4 parts per thousand, n = 43) similar to those obtained from later vein pyrite (xBAR = - 6.4 parts per thousand, s = +/- 1.5 parts per thousand, n = 12). Alunite and barite have deltaS-34-values ranging from + 18.8 to + 21.6 parts per thousand. The interpretation that the NFDP, vein pyrite, alunite and barite, and possibly even the framboidal pyrite share a common source of igneous sulfur is supported by the deltaS-34 data. Siderite occurs as concretions and cement, contains abundant Mg (Fe0.75Mg0.19Mn0.03Ca0.02CO3) and has deltaC-13PDB- and deltaO-18SMOW-values ranging from - 2.5 to + 1.1 parts per thousand and + 14.6 to + 19.5 parts per thousand, respectively. These data are consistent with the interpretation that the siderite formed in lacustrine sediments and that the carbonate in the siderite is probably methanogenic, although contributions from oxidation of organic matter during biogenic sulfate reduction, thermal decarboxylation of organic matter, or magmatic vapor cannot be ruled out. Disseminated Au mineralization in the sedimentary rocks formed when a hydrothermal fluid encountered reactive Fe2+ in diagenetic siderite. The ensuing pyrite deposition consumed H2S and destabilized the Au(HS)2- complex, leading to precipitation of Au. The capacity of the sedimentary rocks to consume H2S and precipitate Au was controlled by the amount of non-pyrite Fe present as siderite. The abundance of siderite was controlled by the extent of pyrite formation during diagenesis. C1 ROSARIO DOMINICANA SA,SANTO DOMINGO,DOMINICAN REP. US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP KETTLER, RM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT GEOG,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. OI Meyers, Philip/0000-0002-9709-7528 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 10 PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90029-5 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JT584 UT WOS:A1992JT58400003 ER PT J AU HATCH, JR LEVENTHAL, JS AF HATCH, JR LEVENTHAL, JS TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFERRED REDOX POTENTIAL OF THE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN (MISSOURIAN) STARK SHALE MEMBER OF THE DENNIS LIMESTONE, WABAUNSEE COUNTRY, KANSAS, USA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-ALBANY SHALE; BLACK SHALES; DEVONIAN-MISSISSIPPIAN; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PHOSPHATE NODULES; ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTH-AMERICA; MECCA QUARRY; MIDCONTINENT; METALS AB Analyses of 21 samples collected from a core of the 52.8-cm-thick Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone in Wabaunsee County, Kansas, demonstrate four cycles with two-orders-of-magnitude variations in contents of Cd, Mo, P, V and Zn, and order-of-magnitude variations in contents of organic carbon, Cr, Ni, Se and U. The observed variability in amounts and/or ratios of many metals and amounts and compositions of the organic matter appear related to the cause and degree of water-column stratification and the resulting absence/presence of dissolved O2, or H2S. High Cd, Mo, U, V, Zn and S contents, a high degree of pyritization (DOP) (0.75-0.88), and high V/(V+Ni) (0.84-0.89) indicate the presence of H2S in a strongly stratified water column. Intermediate contents of metals and S, intermediate DOP (0.67-0.75) and intermediate V/(V+Ni) (054-0.82) indicate a less strongly stratified anoxic water column. Whereas, low metal contents and low V/(V+Ni) (0.46-0.60) indicate a weakly stratified, dysoxic water column. High P contents at the top of the organic-matter-rich intervals within the Stark Shale Member indicate that phosphate precipitation was enhanced near the boundary between anoxic and dysoxic water compositions. Relatively abundant terrestrial organic matter in intervals deposited from the more strongly stratified H2S-bearing water column indicates a combined halocline-thermocline with the fresher near-surface water the transport mode for the terrestrial organic matter. The predominance of algal organic matter in intervals deposited from a less strongly stratified water column indicates the absence of the halocline and the presence of the more generally established thermocline. Relatively low amounts of degraded, hydrogen-poor organic matter characterize intervals deposited in a weakly stratified, dysoxic water column. The inferred variability in chemistry of the depositional environments may be related to climate variations and/or minor changes in sea level during the general phase of deeper water deposition responsible for this widespread shale member. RP HATCH, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 972,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 77 TC 219 Z9 338 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 10 PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 65 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90031-Y PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JT584 UT WOS:A1992JT58400005 ER PT J AU COVENEY, RM MUROWCHICK, JB GRAUCH, RI GLASCOCK, MD DENISON, JR AF COVENEY, RM MUROWCHICK, JB GRAUCH, RI GLASCOCK, MD DENISON, JR TI GOLD AND PLATINUM IN SHALES WITH EVIDENCE AGAINST EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOURCES OF METALS SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; SULFIDE FIRE-ASSAY; GROUP ELEMENTS; BLACK SHALES; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; DEPOSITS; PALLADIUM; ROCKS; SOLUBILITY; ORES AB Few black shales contain concentrations of precious metals higher than average continental crust (i.e. approximately 5 ppb Au). Yet Au and Pt alloys have been reported from the Kupferschiefer in Poland. Moreover, thin sulfide beds in certain Chinese and Canadian shales contain several hundred ppb Au, Pd and Pt and average approximately 4% Mo and approximately 2.5% Ni in an association that is difficult to explain. Volcanic and non-volcanic exhalations, hydrothermal epigenesis involving either igneous or sedex fluids, biogenic processes and low-temperature secondary enrichment are among the possible factors involved in deriving Ni, PGE and Au for black shales and sulfide beds in black shales. Extraterrestrial sources have been invoked in some cases (e.g., the Cambrian of China). However, available data on abundances of PGE indicate relatively low values for Ir (<0.02-2 ppb) in comparison with amounts for other PGE (up to 700 ppb Pt and 1255 ppb Pd). These data and high contents for Mo are not consistent with extraterrestrial sources of metals for Chinese shales and Ni-Mo-sulfide beds. Data are less complete for the U.S. shales, but nevertheless are suggestive of earthly origins for PGE. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP COVENEY, RM (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOSCI,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. RI Coveney, Raymond/D-5133-2017; OI Coveney, Raymond/0000-0002-2082-9727; Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Murowchick, James/0000-0003-2987-0352 NR 69 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 10 PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90033-2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JT584 UT WOS:A1992JT58400007 ER PT J AU OKITA, PM SHANKS, WC AF OKITA, PM SHANKS, WC TI ORIGIN OF STRATIFORM SEDIMENT-HOSTED MANGANESE CARBONATE ORE-DEPOSITS - EXAMPLES FROM MOLANGO, MEXICO, AND TAOJIANG, CHINA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPE; SULFUR; GEOCHEMISTRY; DIAGENESIS; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; SULFIDES; WATERS; BASIN AB Carbonate and sulfide minerals from the Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China, Mn deposits display similar and distinctive deltaS-34 and deltaC-13 patterns in intervals of manganese carbonate mineralization. DeltaC-13-values for Mn-bearing carbonate range from -17.8 to +0.5 parts per thousand (PDB), with the most negative values occurring in high-grade ore zones that are composed predominantly of rhodochrosite. In contrast, calcite from below, within and above Mn-carbonate zones at Molango has deltaC-13 almost-equal-to 0 parts per thousand (PDB). Markedly negative deltaC-13 data indicate that a large proportion of the carbon in Mn-carbonates was derived from organic matter oxidation. Diagenetic reactions using MnO2 and SO42- to oxidize sedimentary organic matter were the principle causes of such C-12 enrichment. Pyrite content and sulfide deltaS-34-values also show distinctive variations. In unmineralized rocks, very negative deltaS-34-values (avg. < -21 parts per thousand CDT) and abundant pyrite content suggest that pyrite formed from diagenetic, bacteriogenic sulfate reduction. In contrast, Mn-bearing horizons typically contain only trace amounts of pyrite (e.g., <0.5 wt% S) with deltaS-34-values S-34-enriched, in some cases to nearly the value for contemporaneous seawater. S-34-enriched pyrite from the Mn-carbonate intervals indicates sulfide precipitation in an environment that underwent extensive SO42- reduction, and was largely a closed system with regard to exchange of sulfate and dissolved sulfide with normal seawater. The occasional occurrence of S-34-depleted pyrite within Mn-carbonate zones dominated by S-34-enriched pyrite is evidence that closed-system conditions were intermittent and limited to local pore waters and did not involve entire sedimentary basins. Mn-carbonate precipitation may have occluded porosity in the surficial sediments, thus establishing an effective barrier to SO42- exchange with overlying seawater. Similar isotopic and mineralogic characteristics from both the Molango and TaoJiang deposits, widely separated in geologic time and space, suggest they were formed similarly by MnO2 precipitation at the margins of dysaerobic to anoxic marine basins. Mn-carbonate formed predominantly by early-diagenetic reduction of Mn-oxides via oxidation of organic matter in near-surface sediments. In addition to MnCO3 precipitation, organic matter oxidation reactions resulted in oxidation of FeS to Fe-oxides such as magnetite, maghemite and hematite. The latter process explains anomalously low pyrite content and abundant Fe-oxide minerals in ore zones dominated by rhodochrosite. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD SEP 10 PY 1992 VL 99 IS 1-3 BP 139 EP 164 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JT584 UT WOS:A1992JT58400010 ER PT J AU PASTERNAK, MP TAYLOR, RD JEANLOZ, R BOHLEN, SR AF PASTERNAK, MP TAYLOR, RD JEANLOZ, R BOHLEN, SR TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING TRANSITION IN MG0.9FE0.1SIO3 ORTHO-PYROXENE SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID SPIN RELAXATION; MOSSBAUER; ENTROPIES AB Mossbauer spectroscopy of polycrystalline synthetic orthopyroxene of composition (Mg0.9Fe0.1SiO3)-Fe-57 demonstrates that magnetic ordering sets in at temperatures below 5 (+/- 2) K. The low Fe concentration of the sample implies that spin correlations must extend over unit-cell dimensions (approximately 0.5 nm or more), and that magnetic ordering can contribute to the third-law entropies of Fe-poor minerals. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. TEL AVIV UNIV,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP PASTERNAK, MP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 77 IS 9-10 BP 901 EP 903 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA JT825 UT WOS:A1992JT82500001 ER PT J AU BACON, CR NEWMAN, S STOLPER, E AF BACON, CR NEWMAN, S STOLPER, E TI WATER, CO2, CL, AND F IN MELT INCLUSIONS IN PHENOCRYSTS FROM 3 HOLOCENE EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS, CRATER LAKE, OREGON SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; CALCALKALINE MAGMA CHAMBER; RHYOLITIC GLASSES; SILICATE-GLASSES; VOLATILES H2O; MAZAMA; CONSTRAINTS; CALDERA; BASALT; TUFF AB Rare melt inclusions approximately 100 mum in diameter trapped near the boundaries of corroded patchy zones in plagioclase phenocrysts from Plinian pumice of three Holocene eruptions were analyzed by IR spectroscopy for molecular H2O, OH groups, and CO2 and by electron microprobe for Cl and F. The three rhyodacitic eruptions, each of which began with a Plinian phase, occurred over approximately 200 yr. The Llao Rock and Cleetwood eruptions ended with degassed lava flows and the subsequent climactic eruption with voluminous ignimbrite. Groundmass glass and melt inclusion compositions (anhydrous) are similar. Inclusions with total H2O concentrations of 1.2-3.4 wt% are adjacent to fractures or are hour-glass inclusions, suggesting partial degassing caused by depressurization. Melt inclusions in phenocrysts in climactic ignimbrite may have vesiculated for the same reason. Intact inclusions in Plinian pumices have total H2O concentrations believed to represent magmatic H2O contents (wt%): Llao Rock, 5.3, 5.3; Cleetwood, 3.8, 4.7; climactic 3.9 +/- 0.2 (1sigma, n = 6). Ratios of OH/molecular H2O indicate closure temperatures of 200-500-degrees-C that reflect syn- or posteruptive cooling. CO, concentrations are less-than-or-equal-to 25 ppm. H2O and CO2 concentrations indicate saturation pressures of 1.0-1.8 kbar or depths greater-than-or-equal-to 5 km. Six inclusions from climactic pumice average 400 +/- 40 (1sigma) ppm F, 1880 +/- 70 ppm Cl. F and Cl concentrations of the other samples are similar and not well correlated with each other or with total H2O. Location of melt inclusions near boundaries of patchy zones, which are mantled by oscillatory-zoned overgrowths, suggests that their H2O concentrations represent magmatic values significantly before eruption. Although mean H2O concentrations of analyzed melt inclusions decrease for the three successive eruptions, it is not certain that this indicates a corresponding change in magmatic H2O content during the interval between eruptions. C1 CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP BACON, CR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 43 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 77 IS 9-10 BP 1021 EP 1030 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA JT825 UT WOS:A1992JT82500013 ER PT J AU PRICE, JG CASTOR, SB MILLER, DM AF PRICE, JG CASTOR, SB MILLER, DM TI HIGHLY RADIOACTIVE TOPAZ RHYOLITES OF THE TOANO RANGE, NORTHEASTERN NEVADA SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID INCRUSTATIONS; VOLCANO AB Highly radioactive topaz rhyolites of Miocene age are described from a new locality in the Toano Range of northeastern Nevada. Quartz phenocrysts are blackened by radiation damage. High magmatic Th and U concentrations (87 and 46 ppm, respectively) allow the rhyolites to be readily distinguished on aeroradiometric maps. In addition to quartz, the rhyolites contain phenocrysts of sanidine, plagioclase, biotite, titanomagnetite, and rare fayalite. Vitrophyres have several unusual features: microphenocrysts of octahedral fluorite, rod- and worm-shaped microlite of iron oxide, and microlite of fayalite. Vapor-phase cavities in devitrified rocks contain topaz and quartz. The rhyolites occur as lava flows and pyroclastic deposits that originated from at least two vents. Emplacement of a nonwelded lithic tuff with topaz-rhyolite composition preceded the lava flows. Two groups of lavas are defined by petrographic differences and trace-clement compositions. Rocks from the group with relatively large quartz phenocrysts and smaller, less abundant biotite phenocrysts tend to be more enriched in some incompatible trace elements, notably Th and REE, than the other group. Rocks that have undergone various amounts of postemplacement crystallization are locally enriched in elements that apparently were transported in the vapor phase, notably As, Sb, Au, and Hg. Because magma degassing, hydration of vitrophyres, vapor-phase crystallization, and devitrification can affect the rock composition, true magmatic abundances of these elements are uncertain. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP PRICE, JG (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,NEVADA BUR MINES & GEOL,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 77 IS 9-10 BP 1067 EP 1073 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA JT825 UT WOS:A1992JT82500018 ER PT J AU KAMPF, AR JACKSON, LL SIDDER, GB FOORD, EE ADAMS, PM AF KAMPF, AR JACKSON, LL SIDDER, GB FOORD, EE ADAMS, PM TI FERRISURITE, THE FE-3+ ANALOG OF SURITE, FROM INYO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article AB Ferrisurite is the Fe3+ analogue of surite. The type locality is the Shirley Ann claim, a small oxidized contact metamorphic lead-copper deposit west of Death Valley in Inyo County, California. The new mineral occurs as compact radial aggregates of forest green fibers embedded in quartz and cerussite and as tapering feathery yellow-green crystals in radiating groups in vugs. Crystal sizes range up to 2 mm along a x 0.01 mm along b x 0.04 mm along c. The {010} form is prominent and no others are measurable. Other associated minerals are galena, calcite, mimetite, wulfenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite, hematite, chalcocite, and malachite. Ferrisurite probably formed during the early stages of oxidation as a consequence of the alteration of silicates in close proximity to galena. The mineral is transparent and has a greenish yellow to olive green streak and silky luster. The estimated Mohs hardness is 2-2 1/2. D(meas) = 4.0(1) g/cm3 and D(calc) = 3.89 g/cm3. Ferrisurite is biaxial (+), alpha = 1.757(3), beta = 1.763(3), gamma = 1.773(3), 2V(calc) = 76-degrees; orientation (pleochroism): X = c (yellow), Y = b (brown), Z = a (light green). Single-crystal precession study showed the mineral to be monoclinic with space group P2(1) or P2(1)/m. Cell parameters refined from powder data are a = 5.241(1), b = 9.076(5), c = 16.23(1) angstrom, beta = 90.03(7)-degrees, and V = 772(1) angstrom3 (Z = 2). The strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [d in angstroms (I)(hkl)] 16.1(40)(001), 5.40(25)(003), 4.53(100)(110,020), 3.727(35)(014,103), 3.240(90)(104,104,005BAR), 2.612(80)(201,201,200,130BAR), 2.272(50)(220,040), 1.715(25)(150,240,310). The H2O, CO2, and FeO components were determined by Karl Fischer titration, coulometric titration, and potentiometric titration, respectively. Other constituents were determined by electron microprobe analysis yielding Na2O 0.3, MgO 0.2, CaO 3.4, FeO 0.8, BaO 0.1, PbO 42.7, Al2O3 3.2, Fe2O3 10.5, SiO2 26.6, F 0.8, CO2 8.2, H2O 3.5, sum 100.3, less O = F 0.3, total 100.0 wt%. The IR absorption spectrum supports the presence of CO3, SiO4, OH, and H2O groups. The structures of surite and ferrisurite probably consist of smectite-like layers between which are cerussite-hydrocerussite-like regions of variable composition. The following simplified formula is proposed for these minerals: (Pb,Ca)2-3(CO3)1.5-2(OH,F)0.5-1-[(Fe,Al)2Si4O10(OH)2].nH2O. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. AEROSP CORP,EL SEGUNDO,CA 90245. RP KAMPF, AR (reprint author), NAT HIST MUSEUM LOS ANGELES,MINERAL SECT,900 EXPOSIT BLVD,LOS ANGELES,CA 90007, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 77 IS 9-10 BP 1107 EP 1111 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA JT825 UT WOS:A1992JT82500024 ER PT J AU MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM AF MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM TI MIXED-MODE ISOLATION OF TRIAZINE METABOLITES FROM SOIL AND AQUIFER SEDIMENTS USING AUTOMATED SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; HERBICIDES; ALACHLOR; CARTRIDGES; PESTICIDES; SORBENTS AB Reversed-phase isolation and ion-exchange purification were combined in the automated solid-phase extraction of two polar s-triazine metabolites, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-(Isopropylamino)-s-triazine (deethylatrazine) and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine (deisopropylatrazine) from clay-loam and silt-loam soils and sandy aquifer sediments. First, methanol/water (4/1, v/v) soil extracts wore transferred to an automated workstation following evaporation of the methanol phase for the rapid reversed-phase isolation of the metabolites on an octadecyl resin (C18). Tho retention of the triazine metabolites on C18 decreased substantially when trace methanol concentrations (1 %) remained. Furthermore, the retention on C18 increased with decreasing aqueous solubility and increasing alkyl-chain length of the metabolites and parent herbicides, indicating a reversed-phase interaction. The analytes were eluted with ethyl acetate, which left much of the soil organic-matter impurities on the resin. Second, the small-volume organic eluate was purified on an anion-exchange resin (0.5 mL/min) to extract the remaining soil pigments that could foul the ion source of the GC/MS system. Recoveries of the analytes were 75%, using deuterated atrazine as a surrogate, and were comparable to recoveries by soxhlet extraction. The detection limit was 0.1 Ag/kg with a coefficient of variation of 15 %. The ease and efficiency of this automated method makes It viable, practical technique for studying triazine metabolites in the environment. RP MILLS, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 29 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 17 BP 1985 EP 1990 DI 10.1021/ac00041a038 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JK796 UT WOS:A1992JK79600039 ER PT J AU OREMLAND, RS CULBERTSON, CW AF OREMLAND, RS CULBERTSON, CW TI EVALUATION OF METHYL-FLUORIDE AND DIMETHYL ETHER AS INHIBITORS OF AEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; UTILIZING BACTERIA; SULFATE REDUCTION; ACETYLENE; TRICHOSPORIUM; METHANOGENESIS; SUSPENSIONS; ENRICHMENT; METABOLISM AB Methyl fluoride (MF) and dimethyl ether (DME) were effective inhibitors of aerobic methanotrophy in a variety of soils. MF and DME blocked consumption of CH4 as well as the oxidation of (CH4)-C-14 to (CO2)-C-14, but neither MF nor DME affected the oxidation of [C-14]Methanol or [C-14]formate to (CO2)-C-14. Cooxidation of ethane and propane by methane-oxidizing soils was also inhibited by MF. Nitrification (ammonia oxidation) in soils was inhibited by both MF and DME. Production of N2O via nitrification was inhibited by MF; however, MF did not affect N2O production associated with denitrification. Methanogenesis was partially inhibited by MF but not by DME. Methane oxidation was approximately 100-fold more sensitive to MF than was methanogenesis, indicating that an optimum concentration could be employed to selectively block methanotrophy. MF inhibited methane oxidation by cell suspensions of Methylococcus capsulatus; however, DME was a much less effective inhibitor. RP OREMLAND, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 465,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 45 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 58 IS 9 BP 2983 EP 2992 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JL632 UT WOS:A1992JL63200041 PM 16348771 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR PHILLIPS, EJP CACCAVO, F AF LOVLEY, DR PHILLIPS, EJP CACCAVO, F TI ACETATE OXIDATION BY DISSIMILATORY FE(III) REDUCERS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID REDUCTION; IRON; MANGANESE C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,NORMAN,OK 73019. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 58 IS 9 BP 3205 EP 3206 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JL632 UT WOS:A1992JL63200080 PM 1444439 ER PT J AU CHAO, ECT BACK, JM MINKIN, JA REN, YC AF CHAO, ECT BACK, JM MINKIN, JA REN, YC TI HOST-ROCK CONTROLLED EPIGENETIC, HYDROTHERMAL METASOMATIC ORIGIN OF THE BAYAN OBO REE-FE-NB ORE DEPOSIT, INNER-MONGOLIA, PRC SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON MINERALS FOR FUTURE MATERIALS, AT THE 15TH GENERAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1990 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP INT MINERALOL ASSOC AB Bayan Obo, a complex rare earth element (REE)-Fe-Nb ore deposit, located in Inner Mongolia, P.R.C. is the world's largest known REE deposit. The deposit is chiefly in a marble unit (H8), but extends into an overlying unit of black shale, slate and schist unit (H9), both of which are in the upper part of the Middle Proterozoic Bayan Obo Group. Based on sedimentary structures, the presence of detrital quartz and algal fossil remains, and the 16-km long geographic extent, the H8 marble is a sedimentary deposit, and not a carbonatite of magmatic origin, as proposed by some previous investigators. The unit was weakly regionally metamorphosed (most probably the lower part of the green schist facies) into marble and quartzite prior to mineralization. Tectonically, the deposit is located on the northern flank of the Sino-Korean craton. Many hypotheses have been proposed for the origin of the Bayan Obo deposit; the studies reported here support an epigenetic, hydrothermal, metasomatic origin. Such an origin is supported by field and laboratory textural evidence; Th-232/Pb-208 internal isochron mineral ages of selected monazite and bastnaesite samples; Ar-40/Ar-39 incremental heating minimum mineral ages of selected alkali amphiboles; chemical compositions of different generations of both REE ore minerals and alkali amphiboles; and evidence of host-rock influence on the various types of Bayan Obo ores. The internal isochron ages of the REE minerals indicate Caledonian ages for various episodes of REE and Fe mineralization. No evidence was found to indicate a genetic relation between the extensive biotite granitic rocks of Hercynian age in the mine region and the Bayan Obo ore deposit, as suggested by previous workers. RP CHAO, ECT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 929,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 71 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 5 BP 443 EP 458 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(92)90005-N PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JM893 UT WOS:A1992JM89300005 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM MORRIS, JT AF BRADLEY, PM MORRIS, JT TI EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE CRITICAL NITROGEN CONCENTRATION OF SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH GRASS; JUNCUS-ROEMERIANUS; UPTAKE KINETICS; AMMONIUM UPTAKE; GROWTH; HALOPHYTES; RESPONSES; ACCUMULATION; TOLERANCE; PLANTS AB Nitrogen was withheld from the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora Loisel., in order to determine the effect of salinity (sea salts) on critical tissue nitrogen concentrations (defined here as the minimum tissue concentration required to sustain biomass accumulation). The critical nitrogen concentration per kilogram dry weight of above-ground tissues increased non-linearly from a mean of 8.2 g kg-1 at 5 g l-1 and 20 g l-1 salinity to 13.6 g kg-1 and 22.9 g kg-1 at salinities of 40 g l-1 and 50 g l-1, respectively. Below-ground tissue nitrogen concentrations averaged 62% of the above-ground values irrespective of salinity treatment. These results suggest that the critical nitrogen concentration is a function of salinity and indicate that the internal nitrogen supply required in support of growth increases with salinity. Above-ground tissue nitrogen concentrations reported in the literature and the relationship between salinity and critical nitrogen concentration observed in this study were used to evaluate the nitrogen status of S. alterniflora over a wide range of geographical locations. Comparisons suggest that both short and tall forms of S. alterniflora are nitrogen limited in the majority of marshes along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts of the US. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. US GEOL SURVEY,WRD STEPHENSON CTR,COLUMBIA,SC 29210. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 43 IS 2 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(92)90040-P PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JN573 UT WOS:A1992JN57300005 ER PT J AU HINKLEY, TK AF HINKLEY, TK TI VARIATION OF ROCK-FORMING METALS IN SUB-ANNUAL INCREMENTS OF MODERN GREENLAND SNOW SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE METALS; SNOW CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; IMPURITIES IN ICE ID SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; ICE-SHEET; SULFATE; CHEMISTRY; ELEMENTS; AEROSOL; DUST; LEAD AB Modern snowpack from central south Greenland was sampled in sub-seasonal increments and analysed for a suite of major, minor and trace rock-forming metals (K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba). There is a sharp seasonal concentration maximum for all six metals that comes in summer, later than mid-June. Metal concentrations in all other parts of the year's snowpack are up to 10 or more times smaller. The concentration maximum is preceded by low values in autumn-winter, very low values in early-mid-spring, and moderate-to-high values in late spring-early summer; this pattern is seen consistently in three separate time stratigraphic intervals representing the same seasonal periods, spanning the time interval 1981-1984. The absolute concentration values of the snow strata representing the low-concentration portion of the year, autumn-winter-spring, may vary substantially from year to year, by a factor of two, or more. The finding that all rock-forming metals are at a sharp concentration maximum in late summer contrasts with the interpretations of several other studies in high-latitude northern regions. Those studies have reported a broad maximum of continental dust-associated metals in late winter and spring. However, samples of the other studies have mostly come from regions farther to the north, and the analyses have emphasized industrial pollutant metals rather than the matched rock-forming suite of the present study. The metals measured were chosen to give information about the origin and identity of the rock and soil dusts, and sea salts, present as impurities in the snow. Metal ratios indicate that the dusts in the snowpacks are of continental origin and from ferromagnesian rocks. Source rock types for dusts in central south Greenland snow contrast with the felsic rock dusts of the Sierra Nevada, CA, annual snowpacks, and with the very felsic rock dusts in large south central Alaskan mountain glaciers. Samples in which masses of sea salt are much larger than those of rock dusts may be identified by small changes in metal ratios caused by moderate increases of K and Ca from marine sources, nearly unaccompanied by the minor and trace metals Rb, Cs and Ba, that are very rare in the oceans. A sampling frequency, such as that of the present study, that divides a year's accumulation into 8-10 subsamples is sufficient to reveal details of the time pattern of variation in proportions and concentrations of metals that give information about atmospheric deposition of important types of earth materials. RP HINKLEY, TK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MAIL STOP 903,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 13 BP 2283 EP 2293 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90359-S PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JJ469 UT WOS:A1992JJ46900003 ER PT J AU DODD, CK AF DODD, CK TI BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF A TEMPORARY POND HERPETOFAUNA IN NORTH FLORIDA SANDHILLS SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE AMPHIBIANS; REPTILES; BIODIVERSITY; TEMPORARY POND; DROUGHT; FLORIDA AB From 1985 through 1990, the herpetofauna of a temporary pond in an uplands longleaf pine sandhills community in north-central Florida was monitored. A drift fence completely encircled the pond. Animals were captured in pitfall traps and marked as they entered and exited the pond basin. I captured 16 155 individuals of 42 species (16 amphibians, 26 reptiles). The species richness, diversity (using Margalef's Diversity Index) and dominance (using the Berger-Parker Index) varied among years. Between 62.5% and 87.5% of the amphibian species and 65% to 81% of the reptile species were captured in any one year. Daily amphibian capture was positively correlated with rainfall, whereas reptile capture was either not correlated or weakly negatively correlated with rainfall. Hydroperiod duration was not correlated with the numbers of either amphibians or reptiles captured. Neither the amphibian nor the reptile community showed any trends in diversity or dominance indices during the course of the study, although both communities were dominated by a few species. However, the species responsible for community dominance changed somewhat as the study progressed. Assessing the results of this study is hampered by the lack of comparable studies elsewhere, expected natural fluctuations of amphibian populations, and a prolonged drought, especially during the latter stages of the study. The herpetological community at Breezeway Pond does not appear to follow theoretical predictions of community response to stress. Temporary ponds are important centres of herpetofaunal biodiversity in uplands sandhills communities. Long-term studies are needed to monitor the composition, structure, and functional interactions of their resident species. RP DODD, CK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,412 NE 16TH AVE,ROOM 250,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 0 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 12 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 1 IS 3 BP 125 EP 142 DI 10.1007/BF00695911 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JQ674 UT WOS:A1992JQ67400001 ER PT J AU BODKIN, JL BROWNE, L AF BODKIN, JL BROWNE, L TI MOLT FREQUENCY AND SIZE-CLASS DISTRIBUTION IN THE CALIFORNIA SPINY LOBSTER (PANULIRUS-INTERRUPTUS) AS INDICATED BY BEACH-CAST CARAPACES AT SAN NICOLAS ISLAND, CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB Adult California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) are described as molting once or more than once annually. We measured 815 beach-cast spiny lobster carapaces found along a 1.3-km section of San Nicolas Island, California, in 1988 and 1989. Of these, 759 (93%) were found during the months of August, September, and October, suggesting a single annual molt for adult animals. The average size of a beach-cast carapace was 79 mm carapace length (CL), compared with an average size of 92.1 mm CL for 1000 animals captured live in the same area. RP BODKIN, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 1992 VL 78 IS 4 BP 136 EP 144 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA LD981 UT WOS:A1992LD98100001 ER PT J AU LEBO, JA ZAJICEK, JL HUCKINS, JN PETTY, JD PETERMAN, PH AF LEBO, JA ZAJICEK, JL HUCKINS, JN PETTY, JD PETERMAN, PH TI USE OF SEMIPERMEABLE-MEMBRANE DEVICES FOR INSITU MONITORING OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID RAPID-DETERMINATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINANTS; EXTRACTION; SYSTEM; FISH AB A method is given for the recovery, cleanup, and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have been sequestered in SPMDs (semipermeable membrane devices). SPMDs are polymeric membranes enclosing lipids, and mimic the bioconcentration process of aquatic animals. SPMDs are used as passive, in situ monitors of contamination by organic pollutants of aquatic environments. The method reported here includes dialytic recovery of the PAHs, cleanup of the dialysates using size exclusion, adsorption, and argentation chromatographic modules in tandem, then analysis by gas chromatography with photoionization or mass spectrometric detection. The method is demonstrated to overcome the presence of a variety of environmental co-contaminants and other potential interferents in the dialysates. A field application is also demonstrated in which SPMDs are used to monitor PAH contamination in an urban creek. Approaches to the use of SPMD data to calculate aqueous concentrations of PAHs are discussed. The use of SPMDs in combination with the complementary, PAH-specific cleanup procedure provides a unique approach to the analysis of PAH residues in the aquatic environment. RP LEBO, JA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,4200 NEW HAVEN RD,COLUMBIA,MO 65201, USA. NR 22 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD SEP PY 1992 VL 25 IS 5 BP 697 EP 718 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(92)90432-Q PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JR973 UT WOS:A1992JR97300007 ER PT J AU WHITE, DA SMITH, RA PRICE, CV ALEXANDER, RB ROBINSON, KW AF WHITE, DA SMITH, RA PRICE, CV ALEXANDER, RB ROBINSON, KW TI A SPATIAL MODEL TO AGGREGATE POINT-SOURCE AND NONPOINT-SOURCE WATER-QUALITY DATA FOR LARGE AREAS SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE MAXIMUM-BRANCHING ALGORITHM; DRAINAGE NETWORKS; DISTANCE DECAY; WATER QUALITY; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS AB More objective and consistent methods are needed to assess water quality for large areas. A spatial model, one that capitalizes on the topologic relationships among spatial entities, to aggregate pollution sources from upstream drainage areas is described that can be implemented on land surfaces having heterogeneous water-pollution effects. An infrastructure of stream networks and drainage basins, derived from 1:250,000-scale digital-elevation models, define the hydrologic system in this spatial model. The spatial relationships between point- and nonpoint pollution sources and measurement locations are referenced to the hydrologic infrastructure with the aid of a geographic information system. A maximum-branching algorithm has been developed to simulate the effects of distance from a pollutant source to an arbitrary downstream location, a function traditionally employed in deterministic water quality models. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,W TRENTON,NJ 08628. RP WHITE, DA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1073 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(92)90021-I PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA KC218 UT WOS:A1992KC21800010 ER PT J AU TATSUMOTO, M BASU, AR HUANG, WK WANG, JW XIE, GH AF TATSUMOTO, M BASU, AR HUANG, WK WANG, JW XIE, GH TI SR, ND, AND PB ISOTOPES OF ULTRAMAFIC XENOLITHS IN VOLCANIC-ROCKS OF EASTERN CHINA - ENRICHED COMPONENTS EMI AND EMII IN SUBCONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; MANTLE RESERVOIRS; TRACE-ELEMENT; BASALTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; BEARING; HETEROGENEITY; SYSTEMATICS; STRONTIUM; EVOLUTION AB The U-Th-Pb, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr isotopic systematics of mafic and ultramafic xenolithic rocks and associated megacrystic inclusions of aluminous. augite and garnet, that occur in three alkalic volcanic suites: Kuandian in eastern Liaoning Province, Hanluoba in Hebei Province, and Minxi in western Fujian Province, China are described. In various isotopic data plots, the inclusion data invariably fall outside the isotopic ranges displayed by the host volcanic rocks, testifying to the true xenolithic nature of the inclusions. The major element partitioning data on Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al among the coexisting silicate minerals of the xenoliths establish their growth at ambient mantle temperatures of 1000-1100-degrees-C and possible depths of 70-80 km in the subcontinental lithosphere. Although the partitioning of these elements reflects equilibrium between coexisting minerals, equilibria of the Pb, Nd, and Sr isotopic systems among the minerals were not preserved. The disequilibria are most notable with respect to the Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios of the minerals. On a Nd-Sr isotopic diagram, the inclusion data plot in a wider area than that for oceanic basalts from a distinctly more depleted component than MORB with higher Nd-143/Nd-144 and a much broader range of Sr-87/Sr-86 values, paralleling the theoretical trajectory of a sea-water altered lithosphere in Nd-Sr space. The garnets consistently show lower mu and kappa values than the pyroxenes and pyroxenites, whereas a phlogopite shows the highest mu and kappa values among all the minerals and rocks studied. In a plot of DELTA207 and DELTA208, the host basalts for all three areas show lower DELTA207 and higher DELTA208 values than do the xenoliths, indicating derivation of basalts from Th-rich (relative to U) sources and xenoliths from U-rich sources. The xenolith data trends toward the enriched mantle components, EMI and EMII-like, characterized by high Sr-87/Sr-86 and DELTA207 values but with slightly higher Nd-143/Nd-144. The EMI trend is shown more distinctly by the host basalts. The EMII mantle domain may be present in the Chinese continental lithosphere just above the EMI domain of the basalt source at the lower part of the lithosphere. We argue that the ancient depleted continental lithosphere was metasomatized, imparting the EMI signature, in earlier times (> 1000 m.y.), and U migrated upward, resulting in high Th/U ratios in the lower portion of the lithosphere. Observed high Th/U, Rb/Sr, Sr-87/Sr-86 and DELTA208, low Sm/Nd ratios, and a large negative epsilon(Nd) in phlogopite pyroxenite with a depleted mantle model age of 2.9 Ga, support our contention that metasomatized continental lower mantle lithosphere is the source for the EMI component. We also suggest that the EMII signature may have been introduced later (less than approximately 500 Ma) by another metasomatic event during the subduction of an oceanic plate, which was partially responsible for some of the observed inter-mineral isotopic disequilibria. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT GEOL SCI,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. ACAD SINICA,INST GEOCHEM,GUIZHO,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP TATSUMOTO, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ISOTOPE SECT,BOX 25046,MS 963,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 41 TC 193 Z9 238 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 113 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90214-G PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JT747 UT WOS:A1992JT74700008 ER PT J AU MCKEE, EH DREIER, JE NOBLE, DC AF MCKEE, EH DREIER, JE NOBLE, DC TI EARLY MIOCENE HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY AT PACHUCA-REAL DEL-MONTE, MEXICO - AN EXAMPLE OF SPACE-TIME ASSOCIATION OF VOLCANISM AND EPITHERMAL AG-AU VEIN MINERALIZATION SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; MINING DISTRICT; SOUTHERN PERU; COLORADO; CALDERA; NEVADA C1 AZCO MINING CO,LAKEWOOD,CO 80228. UNIV NEVADA,MACKAY SCH MINES,RENO,NV 89557. RP MCKEE, EH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1635 EP 1637 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JT627 UT WOS:A1992JT62700012 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, MB PERRY, SA AF GRIFFITH, MB PERRY, SA TI TRICHOPTERA OF HEADWATER STREAMS IN THE FERNOW EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, MONONGAHELA NATIONAL FOREST, WEST-VIRGINIA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB In support of several ongoing studies on the ecology of streams in the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, adult Trichoptera were identified from emergence and light trap samples taken from six experimental catchments. Thirty-seven species from 24 genera and 13 families were collected, including four species that were previously unrecorded from West Virginia. RP GRIFFITH, MB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,W VIRGINIA DIV NAT RESOURCES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 103 IS 4 BP 110 EP 116 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT620 UT WOS:A1992JT62000003 ER PT J AU TILLITT, DE ANKLEY, GT GIESY, JP LUDWIG, JP KURITAMATSUBA, H WESELOH, DV ROSS, PS BISHOP, CA SILEO, L STROMBORG, KL LARSON, J KUBIAK, TJ AF TILLITT, DE ANKLEY, GT GIESY, JP LUDWIG, JP KURITAMATSUBA, H WESELOH, DV ROSS, PS BISHOP, CA SILEO, L STROMBORG, KL LARSON, J KUBIAK, TJ TI POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES AND EGG MORTALITY IN DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS FROM THE GREAT-LAKES SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PCBS; TCDD EQUIVALENTS; REPRODUCTION; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT; PHALACROCORAX-AURITIS ID HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE-ACTIVITY; DEETHYLASE-INDUCING POTENCY; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; CHICK-EMBRYOS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDUCTION ACTIVITIES; ONTARIO SALMONIDS; ENZYME-INDUCTION; HERRING-GULLS; FISH EXTRACTS AB We evaluated the overall potency of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-containing extracts from double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritis) eggs with an in vitro bioassay system, the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Results from the H4IIE bioassay were strongly correlated with the hatching success of eggs in the colonies, whereas conventional methods of PCB analysis correlated poorly with hatching success of eggs from the same colonies. These observations suggest that even though concentrations of total PCB residues have declined in almost all compartments of the environment, their effects are still being observed. The significance of this observation is that the adverse symptoms presently observed in certain Great Lakes fish-eating waterbird populations do not appear to be caused by some as yet unidentified industrial chemical or chemicals and seem not to be the result of pesticides, but rather to the dioxin-like activity of PCBs. Evidence is presented to suggest that the relative enrichment of the potency of PCBs in the environment may play a role in the persistence of the observed adverse symptoms. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,E LANSING,MI 48824. ECOL RES SERV,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,BURLINGTON L7R 4A6,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53711. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV,GREEN BAY,WI 54301. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53508. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 44 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1281 EP 1288 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1992)11[1281:PBRAEM]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA JH920 UT WOS:A1992JH92000008 ER PT J AU DEVIVO, B AYUSO, RA BELKIN, HE LIMA, A MESSINA, A RUSSO, S VISCARDI, A AF DEVIVO, B AYUSO, RA BELKIN, HE LIMA, A MESSINA, A RUSSO, S VISCARDI, A TI WHOLE-ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY AND FLUID INCLUSIONS AS EXPLORATION TOOLS FOR MINERAL-DEPOSITS ASSESSMENT IN THE SERRE BATHOLITH, CALABRIA, SOUTHERN ITALY SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH EUROPEAN SYMP ON FLUID INCLUSION RESEARCH ( ECROFI XI ) CY APR 10-12, 1991 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP CNR DE FLUID INCLUSIONS; LITHOGEOCHEMISTRY; MINERAL EXPLORATION; SERRE BATHOLITH; CALABRIA ID CHEMISTRY; ARC; PARAGENESIS AB Field and geochemical studies of granitic plutons belonging to the Serre batholith, in southern Calabria, show that some of these plutons are associated with minor molybdenite, base-metal occurrences, and granitophile geochemical anomalies. The results of a geochemical survey of granitic bedrock and treatment of the data by statistical techniques indicate a grouping of geochemically anomalous samples, with clusters of high R-mode factor scores that identify potential hosts of significant granite-related mineralization, especially Mo, Sn, and W. Especially favourable hosts are siliceous and generally potassic differentiated granitic rocks, especially near the village of San Todaro, and near Bagni di Guida, Monte Cola, Monte Crocco and Mongiana. These areas are candidates for more detailed exploration, as they contain clustering of significant geochemical anomalies for Mo, Rb, W, Cu, Nb, etc., and more importantly, these granites are known to host base-metal sulphide veins. Granite specialization indices for (Rb/Sr>5, K/Rb<200 and Rb3/Ba.Sr.K>0.1) are also typical of granitic rocks hosting base-metal and granitophile mineralization; high-factor scores for the associations K-Rb-Ba-Al-Pb, Nb-Sn, Sn-As and Cu-Sn are also found. Intrusive rocks from the Serre batholith, and from the nearby Sila batholith, in northern Calabria, have similar fluid inclusion features; both contain fluid inclusions that resemble those from granites known to show mineralization elsewhere. A common characteristic of inclusions in Sn-bearing granitic rocks and those in the Serre batholith is the correlation between homogenization temperature and salinity, suggesting mixing of magmatic saline fluids with cooler, lower salinity meteoric waters. There is no evidence, however, that vigorous, voluminous, and intense alteration by boiling and high salinity hydrothermal systems were developed in the Serre batholith, Sulphide-bearing veins near Bagni di Guida and San Todaro, two of the most important areas identified in this study as potential hosts, probably reflect episodic tectonic adjustments that momentarily dropped the pressure from lithostatic to hydrostatic, producing boiling and minor hydrothermal alteration. Known sulphide occurrences in the Serre batholith are thus unlikely to be expressions of a major hydrothermal alteration and mineralization system, unless the occurrences represent the distal effects of such a system. C1 IST SCI TERRA,I-98166 MESSINA,ITALY. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP DEVIVO, B (reprint author), DIPARTIMENTO GEOFIS & VULCANOL,LARGO S MARCELLINO 10,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1051 PG 17 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA JT914 UT WOS:A1992JT91400014 ER PT J AU VAGGELLI, G BELKIN, HE DEVIVO, B TRIGILA, R AF VAGGELLI, G BELKIN, HE DEVIVO, B TRIGILA, R TI SILICATE-MELT INCLUSIONS IN RECENT VESUVIUS LAVAS (AD 1631-1944) .1. PETROGRAPHY AND MICROTHERMOMETRY SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH EUROPEAN SYMP ON FLUID INCLUSION RESEARCH ( ECROFI XI ) CY APR 10-12, 1991 CL FLORENCE, ITALY SP CNR DE MT VESUVIUS; RECENT ACTIVITY (AD 1631-1944); SILICATE-MELT INCLUSIONS; BUBBLE INCLUSION MEASUREMENT; MICROTHERMOMETRY AB Silicate-melt inclusions hosted by clinopyroxene, leucite, olivine, and plagioclase phenocrysts have been studied by petrography and microthermometry. Fourteen lavas erupted during the Mt. Vesuvius (southern Italy) recent activity (A.D. 1631-1944) have been examined. Bubble and inclusion volumes have been measured and the bubble represents from 2 to 7 vol.% (average values) of the inclusion; the minimum and maximum values range from 0.2 to 84 vol.%. Raman spectroscopic analyses indicate that some bubbles may contain low density CO2. Microthermometric experiments with a LEITZ 1350 heating stage were used to homogenize 64 silicate-melt inclusions in clinopyroxene, leucite, and plagioclase. The homogenization temperatures for clinopyroxene and leucite are similar and range from 1150 to 1265-degrees-C (+/- 20-degrees); whereas, the homogenization temperature measured in plagioclase is lower (1110 and 1210-degrees-C [+/- 20-degrees]). These data arc compatible with a relatively volatile-poor environment during most phenocryst crystallization at depth; however, the presence of uncommon, large, gas-rich inclusions indicates volatile-rich conditions during some episodes of phenocryst crystallization. C1 DIPARTIMENTO GEOFIS & VULCANOL,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,I-00185 ROME,ITALY. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP VAGGELLI, G (reprint author), DIPARTIMENTO SCI TERRA,VIA G LA PIRA 4,I-50121 FLORENCE,ITALY. OI VAGGELLI, Gloria/0000-0002-9337-011X NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1124 PG 12 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA JT914 UT WOS:A1992JT91400020 ER PT J AU BRETT, R AF BRETT, R TI THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY EXTINCTION - A LETHAL MECHANISM INVOLVING ANHYDRITE TARGET ROCKS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Letter ID ERUPTION CLOUDS; EL-CHICHON; BOUNDARY; IMPACT; BOLIDE AB The Chicxulub Crater, Yucatan, Mexico, is a leading contender as the site for the impact event that caused the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) extinctions. A considerable thickness of anhydrite (CaSO4) forms part of the target rock. High temperatures resulting from impact would drive SO2 off from the anhydrite. Hundreds of billions of tonnes of sulfuric acid aerosol would thus enter the stratosphere and cause considerable cooling of the Earth's surface, decrease photosynthesis by orders of magnitude, deplete the ozone layer, and permit increased UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface. Finally, the aerosol would fall back to Earth as acid rain and devastate land and some lacustrine biota and near-surface marine creatures. The presence of anhydrite in the Chicxulub target rock may thus help explain the many extinctions observed at the K-T boundary. RP BRETT, R (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,917 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 44 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 1992 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3603 EP 3606 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90406-9 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JN929 UT WOS:A1992JN92900025 ER PT J AU CATCHINGS, RD AF CATCHINGS, RD TI A RELATION AMONG GEOLOGY, TECTONICS, AND VELOCITY STRUCTURE, WESTERN TO CENTRAL NEVADA BASIN AND RANGE SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID UPPER MANTLE STRUCTURE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; NORTHWESTERN BASIN; PROVINCE; LITHOSPHERE; EVOLUTION; EXTENSION; ORIGIN AB In the northwestern to central Nevada Basin and Range, there are correlations between velocity and specific geologic structures of the crust. Mapped range-bounding faults at the surface can be traced to appreciable (10 km) depths based on velocity variations and are consistent with subsurface projections of the faults based on seismic reflection images. The limiting depth of the faults, as indicated by the velocity variations, corresponds to the maximum depth of earthquakes along the seismic profile. Correlations between velocity and the surface geology show that in the upper crust the pre-Cenozoic rocks are underlain by high-velocity (6.0 km/s) rocks, whereas the Tertiary ranges are underlain by lower-velocity (4.0-5.7 km/s) rocks to depths as great as 10 km. Although the Tertiary rocks differ in composition from the Mesozoic rocks, the lower-velocity Tertiary rocks may also be attributed to rock masses which are broken (4.0-5.7 km/s), and the higher-velocity Mesozoic rocks (6.0 km/s) may be attributed to largely unbroken rock masses. The regional seismicity pattern is consistent with this interpretation, as earthquakes are largely confined within or near the base of the low-velocity rocks. These low-velocity, highly fractured rocks are laterally distributed in discrete zones, suggesting that extension is not uniformly distributed but occurs in discrete, highly extended zones. Beneath these highly extended zones, the lower-crustal layers show structural evidence of extension, and velocity measurements suggest that the lowermost crust has been magmatically underplated. The superposition of Tertiary volcanic rocks, highly fractured upper crust, and lower-crustal magmatic underplating suggests that the Tertiary volcanic rocks originated from lower-crustal magmas that migrated to the surface via the highly extended zones. The velocity structure of one of the highly extended zones and the Lahonton Basin resembles that of many continental rifts. The velocity structure beneath central Nevada, however, is much more like normal continental crust. On the basis of isotopic studies, it is concluded that the transition between highly extended crust and more normal crust occurs in the area inferred to be the edge of the North American craton. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS 977, MENLO PK, CA 94587 USA. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 104 IS 9 BP 1178 EP 1192 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1178:ARAGTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA JP137 UT WOS:A1992JP13700008 ER PT J AU POAG, CW POWARS, DS POPPE, LJ MIXON, RB EDWARDS, LE FOLGER, DW BRUCE, S AF POAG, CW POWARS, DS POPPE, LJ MIXON, RB EDWARDS, LE FOLGER, DW BRUCE, S TI DEEP-SEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE-612 BOLIDE EVENT - NEW EVIDENCE OF A LATE EOCENE IMPACT-WAVE DEPOSIT AND A POSSIBLE IMPACT SITE, UNITED-STATES EAST-COAST SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JERSEY CONTINENTAL-SLOPE AB A remarkable >60-m-thick, upward-fining, polymictic, marine boulder bed is distributed over >15 000 km2 beneath Chesapeake Bay and the surrounding Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain and inner continental shelf. The wide varieties of clast lithologies and microfossil assemblages were derived from at least seven known Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene stratigraphic units. The supporting pebbly matrix contains variably mixed assemblages of microfossils from the same seven stratigraphic units, along with trace quantities of impact ejecta (tektite glass and shocked quartz). The youngest microfossils in the boulder bed are of early-late Eocene age. On the basis of its unusual characteristics and its stratigraphic equivalence to a layer of impact ejecta at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 612 (New Jersey continental slope), we postulate that this boulder bed was formed by a powerful bolide-generated wave train that scoured the ancient inner shelf and coastal plain of southeastern Virginia. The most promising candidate for the bolide impact site (identified on seismic reflection profiles) is 40 km north-northwest of DSDP Site 612 on the New Jersey outer continental shelf. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. VIRGINIA STATE WATER CONTROL BOARD,RICHMOND,VA 23230. RP POAG, CW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 9 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0771:DSDPSB>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JP132 UT WOS:A1992JP13200001 ER PT J AU KRONER, A PALLISTER, JS FLECK, RJ AF KRONER, A PALLISTER, JS FLECK, RJ TI AGE OF INITIAL OCEANIC MAGMATISM IN THE LATE PROTEROZOIC ARABIAN SHIELD SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROPLATE ACCRETION; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; EVAPORATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY; OPHIOLITES; ZIRCONS; HILLS AB Lead isotopic data for zircons from a dacite clast in a volcanic breccia of the oldest oceanic assemblage (immature arc or oceanic plateau) of the southwestern Arabian Shield (Baish group), acquired with the single-grain evaporation technique, yielded a mean Pb-207/pb-206 age of 842 +/-17 Ma. Earlier published Rb-Sr data for Baish rocks yielded a three-point isochron of 1165 +/-110 Ma. This age has been repeatedly cited as evidence for pre-1 Ga arc magmatism in the Arabian Shield. However, more recent Rb-Sr data and zircon ages for clastic metasedimentary rocks are in agreement with our new zircon age, suggesting that initial oceanic magmatism in the Arabian Shield did not begin until after 900 Ma and was coeval with arc evolution in the southern Red Sea Hills of the Sudan. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KRONER, A (reprint author), UNIV MAINZ,INST GEOWISSENSCH,POSTFACH 3980,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 9 BP 803 EP 806 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0803:AOIOMI>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JP132 UT WOS:A1992JP13200009 ER PT J AU STELTENPOHL, MG GOLDBERG, SA HANLEY, TB KUNK, MJ AF STELTENPOHL, MG GOLDBERG, SA HANLEY, TB KUNK, MJ TI ALLEGHANIAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE GOAT ROCK FAULT ZONE, SOUTHERNMOST APPALACHIANS - TEMPORAL COMPATIBILITY WITH THE MASTER DECOLLEMENT SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIEDMONT; METAMORPHISM; DEFORMATION; ALABAMA; TRANSITION; EXTENSION; GEORGIA; SYSTEM AB The Goat Rock and associated Bartletts Ferry fault zones, which mark the eastern margin of the Pine Mountain Grenville basement massif, are controversial due to the suggestion that they are rare exposed segments of the late Paleozoic southern Appalachian master decollement. The controversy in part stems from reported middle Paleozoic (Acadian) radiometric dates postulated as the time of movement along these fault zones. Ultramylonite samples from the type area at Goat Rock Dam yield a 287 +/-15 Ma Rb-Sr isochron interpreted as the time of Sr isotopic rehomogenization during mylonitization. This date is corroborated by Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian Ar-40/Ar-39 mineral ages on hornblende (297-288 Ma) and muscovite (285-278 Ma) from neomineralized and dynamically recrystallized rocks within and straddling the fault zone. These Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian dates indicate the time of right-slip movement (Alleghanian) along the Goat Rock fault zone, which is compatible with the timing suggested by COCORP for thrusting along the southern Appalachian master decollement. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. COLUMBUS COLL,DEPT CHEM & GEOL,COLUMBUS,GA 31993. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP STELTENPOHL, MG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 9 BP 845 EP 848 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0845:ADOTGR>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JP132 UT WOS:A1992JP13200019 ER PT J AU SCOPPETTONE, GG BURGE, HL TUTTLE, PL AF SCOPPETTONE, GG BURGE, HL TUTTLE, PL TI LIFE-HISTORY, ABUNDANCE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF MOAPA DACE (MOAPA-CORIACEA) SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE MOAPA-CORIACEA; MOAPA DACE; LIFE HISTORY; REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY; FECUNDITY; AGE-GROWTH; FOOD HABITS; HABITAT USE; BODY SIZE; MUDDY RIVER; NEVADA AB Moapa dace (Moapa coriacea) is a federally listed endangered fish endemic to the spring-fed headwaters of the Muddy River, Clark County, Nevada. Species life history abundance, and distribution were studied from March 1984 to january 1989. Reproduction, which was observed year-round, peaked in spring and was lowest in fall. It occurred in headwater tributaries of the Muddy River, within 150 m of warm water spring discharge in water temperatures ranging from 30 to 32 C. Females matured between 41 and 45 mm in fork length (FL). Egg abundance increased with female size (r2 = .93); counts ranged from 60 for a 45-mm-FL female to 772 for one 90-mm FL. The oldest of eight fish, aged by the opercle method, was a 90-mm-FL, 4+-year-old female. Adults are omnivorous but tended toward carnivory, 75% of matter by volume consumed was invertebrates and 25% plants and detritus. Fish size was generally commensurate with flow, the largest fish occurring in the greatest flow. Adults were near bottom, in focal velocities ranging from 0 to 55 cm/s. juveniles occupied a narrower range of depths and velocities than adults, and larvae occupied slack water. From December 1984 to September 1987, the total adult population ranged from 2600 to 2800. Although these numbers are higher than previously believed for Moapa dace, they are still sufficiently low to warrant its endangered status. The dependency of Moapa dace's different life history stages to various areas and habitat types of the Warm Springs area suggests that all remaining habitat is necessary for their survival. RP SCOPPETTONE, GG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,SUBSTN,RENO,NV 89502, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 216 EP 225 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD720 UT WOS:A1992KD72000002 ER PT J AU HALL, DW AF HALL, DW TI EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON NITRATE LEVELS IN GROUND-WATER NEAR EPHRATA, PENNSYLVANIA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; SOIL; MOVEMENT; CORN AB Effects of the implementation of nutrient management practices on ground-water quality were studied at a 55-acre farm in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, from 1985-90. After nutrient management practices were implemented at the site in October 1986, statistically significant decreases (Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test) in median nitrate concentrations in ground-water samples occurred at four of the five wells monitored. The largest decreases in nitrate concentration occurred in samples collected at the wells that had the largest nitrate concentrations prior to nutrient management. The decreases in median nitrate concentrations in ground-water samples ranged from 8 to 32 percent of the median concentrations prior to nutrient management and corresponded to nitrogen application decreases of 39 to 67 percent in contributing areas that were defined upgradient of these wells. Changes in nitrogen applications to the contributing areas of five water wells were correlated (Spearman rank-sum test) with nitrate concentrations of the well water. Changes in ground-water nitrate concentrations lagged behind the changes in applied-nitrogen fertilizers (primarily manure) by approximately 4 to 19 months. RP HALL, DW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,840 MARKET ST,LEMOYNE,PA 17043, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 5 BP 720 EP 730 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1992.tb01558.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA JM111 UT WOS:A1992JM11100009 ER PT J AU LANDA, ER COUNCELL, TB AF LANDA, ER COUNCELL, TB TI LEACHING OF URANIUM FROM GLASS AND CERAMIC FOODWARE AND DECORATIVE ITEMS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note DE URANIUM; INGESTION; INTAKE, RADIONUCLIDE; NUTRITION PATHWAYS AB Beginning as early as the first century A. D. and continuing until at least the 1970s, uranium was used as a coloring agent in glass and in ceramic glazes. The leaching of uranium from such items is of interest as some were designed for food storage or serving. Thirty-three glass items and two ceramic items were leached sequentially with deionized water, dilute acetic acid, and 1 M nitric acid to assess realistic and worst-case scenario leaching by foods and beverages. The maximum quantity of uranium leached from the uranium-bearing glasses was about 30-mu-g L-1, while that from the ceramic-glazed items was about 300,000-mu-g L-1. RP LANDA, ER (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 431 NATL CTR, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 63 IS 3 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1097/00004032-199209000-00012 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA JJ929 UT WOS:A1992JJ92900013 PM 1322875 ER PT J AU MELCHING, CS ANMANGANDLA, S AF MELCHING, CS ANMANGANDLA, S TI IMPROVED 1ST-ORDER UNCERTAINTY METHOD FOR WATER-QUALITY MODELING SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Uncertainties are unavoidable in water-quality modeling and subsequent management decisions. Monte Carlo simulation and first-order uncertainty analysis (involving linearization at central values of the uncertain variables) have been frequently used to estimate probability distributions for water-quality model output due to their simplicity. Each method has its drawbacks: Monte Carlo simulation's is mainly computational time; and first-order analysis' are mainly questions of accuracy and representativeness, especially for nonlinear systems and extreme conditions. An improved (advanced) first-order method is presented, where the linearization point varies to match the output level whose exceedance probability is sought. The advanced first-order method is tested on the Streeter-Phelps equation to estimate the probability distribution of critical dissolved-oxygen deficit and critical dissolved oxygen using two hypothetical examples from the literature. The advanced first-order method provides a close approximation of the exceedance probability for the Streeter-Phelps model output estimated by Monte Carlo simulation using less computer time-by two orders of magnitude-regardless of the probability distributions assumed for the uncertain model parameters. C1 CROWN CORK & SEAL CO,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19136. RP MELCHING, CS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOUR,102 E MAIN,4TH FLOOR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 5 BP 791 EP 805 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:5(791) PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP935 UT WOS:A1992JP93500010 ER PT J AU LINDSEY, GD AF LINDSEY, GD TI NEST GUARDING FROM OBSERVATION BLINDS - STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING PUERTO-RICAN PARROT NEST SUCCESS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The effectiveness of 17 yr of nest guarding from observation blinds for increasing reproductive success of the endangered Puerto Rican Parrot (Amazona vittata) is described. As personnel and time allowed, active nests were guarded part-time during the nest site-exploration and selection stage of the breeding cycle, and part-time to full-time when a nest contained eggs or chicks. Biologists identified nine categories of threat to the success of parrot nests. Since 1973, a minimum of 20 nests, which otherwise would have failed, successfully produced fledglings as a direct result of nest guarding and intervention. Nest success averaged 66% with nest guarding compared to an estimated 38% without guarding. Nest guarding from blinds can help maintain a wild population of a critically endangered species while other management techniques are being developed to stimulate population growth. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 63 IS 4 BP 466 EP 472 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA JZ880 UT WOS:A1992JZ88000011 ER PT J AU HATCHER, CO OGAWA, RE POE, TP FRENCH, JRP AF HATCHER, CO OGAWA, RE POE, TP FRENCH, JRP TI TRACE-ELEMENTS IN LAKE SEDIMENT, MACROZOOBENTHOS, AND FISH NEAR A COAL ASH DISPOSAL BASIN SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; SELENIUM; BENTHOS AB Samples of lake sediment, macrozoobenthos, and fish were collected during 1983 and 1984 near a coal ash disposal basin situated on the western shoreline of Lake Erie. Neutron activation analysis was used to determine if potentially toxic trace elements were present in higher concentrations at stations near the basin than at reference stations a few kilometers away. Of the 29 trace elements examined, arsenic and cobalt were significantly (p < 0.05) more concentrated in sediment nearest the coal ash basin except in spring, when little or no difference was detected. Arsenic and bromine were significantly higher in oligochaetes, and selenium was significantly higher in both oligochaetes and chironomids taken from proximal stations than in those taken from reference stations. Selenium, bromine, cobalt, nickel, and chromium were higher in young-of-the-year brown bullheads taken nearer the disposal basin in fall 1983. Selenium was higher in adult spottail shiners taken at the proximal station in spring 1984, and bromine was higher in yearling white bass from the proximal station in fall 1983 and 1984. None of the trace elements was higher in adult yellow perch or adult brown bullheads at any time. Fewer spottail shiners and yearling white bass were caught close to the disposal basin than far away, which may indicate avoidance by these fish of increased concentrations of trace elements contained within the ash effluent. RP HATCHER, CO (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR GREAT LAKES,1451 GREEN RD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1080/02705060.1992.9664694 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JV658 UT WOS:A1992JV65800003 ER PT J AU HUBERT, WA RHODES, HA AF HUBERT, WA RHODES, HA TI SIZES OF PREY CONSUMED BY AGE-0 BROWN TROUT IN DOUGLAS CREEK, WYOMING SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE PREDATION AB We identified and measured invertebrate prey from 234 age-0 brown trout (Salmo trutta) captured in Douglas Creek, Wyoming during summer 1990. The mean length of invertebrate prey increased as the fish increased from 21 to 65 mm total length. The low variability of invertebrate prey lengths found within individual 5-mm length groups of age-0 brown trout indicates that fish of 21-65 mm are highly selective for specific sizes of invertebrate prey. RP HUBERT, WA (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1080/02705060.1992.9664696 PG 6 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JV658 UT WOS:A1992JV65800005 ER PT J AU MANGAN, MT MARSH, BD AF MANGAN, MT MARSH, BD TI SOLIDIFICATION FRONT FRACTIONATION IN PHENOCRYST-FREE SHEET-LIKE MAGMA BODIES SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION CSD; LAKE COOLING MODELS; LAVA LAKE; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; CONVECTING MAGMA; CRYSTALLIZATION; CHAMBERS; KINETICS; DISSOLUTION; CRYSTALS AB Basal cumulate zones are common in sills formed of magma-carrying phenocrysts upon emplacement, and the process leading to these cumulates and the corresponding roofward depleted zones are well understood. Many large sills which seem to have been emplaced with phenocryst-free magma, are nearly uniform in composition and show little tendency to differentiate by crystal settling. We examine whether, for an initially crystal-free sill solidifying inwardly from top and bottom, crystals nucleated and grown along the roof can escape incorporation, survive resorption in settling through the hotter central region, and reach the basal solidification front to form a cumulate. We call this process solidification front fractionation and build a relatively simple model to examine the rheologic, dynamic, and crystal growth rate conditions leading to the downward escape of newly grown, single crystals from the roof of a sheet-like body of mafic magma cooling by conduction. Our results suggest that, whereas a thin micro-cumulate may form near the center of the body, it is highly unlikely that solidification front fractionation will lead to significant basal accumulation of crystals. This finding is consistent with findings from various basaltic sills. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV, HAWAII NATL PK, HI 96718 USA. RP MANGAN, MT (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. NR 52 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 EI 1537-5269 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 5 BP 605 EP 620 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA JM575 UT WOS:A1992JM57500007 ER PT J AU SEIDEMANN, DE STEIN, HJ KISH, SA AF SEIDEMANN, DE STEIN, HJ KISH, SA TI THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RB-SR GLAUCONITE AGES, BONNETERRE FORMATION, MISSOURI - LATE DEVONIAN-EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN BRINE MIGRATION IN THE MIDCONTINENT - A DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Discussion C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SEIDEMANN, DE (reprint author), YALE UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,POB 6666,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 5 BP 639 EP 641 PG 3 WC Geology SC Geology GA JM575 UT WOS:A1992JM57500010 ER PT J AU STEIN, HJ KISH, SA AF STEIN, HJ KISH, SA TI THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RB-SR GLAUCONITE AGES, BONNETERRE FORMATION, MISSOURI - LATE DEVONIAN-EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN BRINE MIGRATION IN THE MIDCONTINENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Note ID SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; VIBURNUM TREND; ORE-DEPOSITS; ORIGIN RP STEIN, HJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 5 BP 641 EP 645 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA JM575 UT WOS:A1992JM57500011 ER PT J AU COLLAZO, JA BOULON, R TALLEVAST, TL AF COLLAZO, JA BOULON, R TALLEVAST, TL TI ABUNDANCE AND GROWTH-PATTERNS OF CHELONIA-MYDAS IN CULEBRA, PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN TURTLES; SEA TURTLES AB Baseline information on abundance and growth patterns of green turtles was collected at Culebra, Puerto Rico from 1987 to 1989. A total of 167 individuals was captured, measured, tagged, and released. Twenty-five were recaptured 32 times for a recapture rate of 19%. Of 7 sampling areas, Mosquito Bay and Culebrita harbored the highest abundance of turtles with 2.16 and 2.04 caught per net set, respectively. Carapace length (CL) ranged from 24.6 to 75.3 cm, averaging 46.34 cm. The observed size-class composition was indicative of a juvenile population. A U.S. Virgin Islands age-size model suggested that turtles ranged in age from 2 to 14 yr old. Turtles grew at an annual rate of 5.08 cm (CL) with the highest growth rates recorded in the 40-50 cm CL interval. At the observed rates, turtles may spend 10 yr growing through the recorded CL range. Principal components analysis indicated that 99% of the variance was explained by the first or size component, with CL exhibiting the fastest relative growth rates of 4 morphometric variables. Shape components explained the remaining variance, with carapace width influencing most the general appearance of turtles. Our findings established that Culebra supports a juvenile green turtle population, and along with those of the U.S. Virgin Islands, confirmed the presence of developmental habitats and maturing populations through the eastern portion of the Puerto Rican Bank. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CULEBRA NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,CULEBRA,PR 00775. DIV FISH & WILDLIFE,DEPT PLANNING & NAT RESOURCES,ST THOMAS,VI 00802. RP COLLAZO, JA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA MIAMI UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.2307/1564884 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JN008 UT WOS:A1992JN00800008 ER PT J AU BLOOM, PH HENCKEL, JL HENCKEL, EH SCHMUTZ, JK WOODBRIDGE, B BRYAN, JR ANDERSON, RL DETRICH, PJ MAECHTLE, TL MCKINLEY, JO MCCRARY, MD TITUS, K SCHEMPF, PF AF BLOOM, PH HENCKEL, JL HENCKEL, EH SCHMUTZ, JK WOODBRIDGE, B BRYAN, JR ANDERSON, RL DETRICH, PJ MAECHTLE, TL MCKINLEY, JO MCCRARY, MD TITUS, K SCHEMPF, PF TI THE DHO-GAZA WITH GREAT HORNED OWL LURE - AN ANALYSIS OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CAPTURING RAPTORS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Trap effectiveness and potential factors affecting success of the dho-gaza with Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) when used as a lure were examined for 11 species of diurnal raptors and 3 species of owls: Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii), Northern Goshawk (A. gentilis), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Red-shouldered Hawk (B. lineatus), Swainson's Hawk (B. swainsoni), Ferruginous Hawk (B. regalis), Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus), Merlin (F. columbarius), American Kestrel (F. sparverius), Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis), Great Gray Owl (S. nebulosa), and Great Homed Owl. The technique was successful for most species when targeting a territorial pair during the reproductive cycle. Important conditions necessary for good trapping success were placement of the lure owl in an obvious location, shade for lure owl and net, shrubs or trees in which to hide net poles and channel the raptors, short distance between observer and net, site preparation, small number of observers, and low wind. Play-back of audio-taped recordings of Great Horned Owls or conspecifics usually reduced the amount of time necessary to facilitate capture. Swainson's Hawks and Ferruginous Hawks showed no increased aggression toward the lure owl that might be related to age of young, brood size, presence of food in the nest, or time of day. C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT BIOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,GOOSENEST RANGER DIST,MACDOEL,CA 96058. CALIF ENERGY COMMISS,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. GREENFALK CONSULTANTS,BOISE,ID 83709. CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT ZOOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840. ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,DIV WILDLIFE CONSERVAT,DOUGLAS,AK 99824. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JUNEAU,AK 99802. RP BLOOM, PH (reprint author), WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOL,439 CALLE SAN PABLO,CAMARILLO,CA 93010, USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 167 EP 178 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA JU539 UT WOS:A1992JU53900008 ER PT J AU CHAN, MA HUNTER, RE LOOPE, DB LANGFORD, RP AF CHAN, MA HUNTER, RE LOOPE, DB LANGFORD, RP TI REFLECTIONS ON EOLIAN AND ERG-MARGIN SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BOUNDING SURFACES; AEOLIAN SANDSTONES; SAND DUNES; DEPOSITION; COLORADO; ORIGIN; MODEL; UTAH C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT GEOL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV TEXAS,BUR ECON GEOL,AUSTIN,TX 78713. RP CHAN, MA (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT GEOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0022-4472 J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL PD SEP PY 1992 VL 62 IS 5 BP 917 EP 920 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA JQ570 UT WOS:A1992JQ57000013 ER PT J AU PAGAC, BB TURELL, MJ OLSEN, GH AF PAGAC, BB TURELL, MJ OLSEN, GH TI EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS AND CULISETA-MELANURA ACTIVITY AT THE PATUXENT-WILDLIFE-RESEARCH-CENTER, 1985-90 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; WHOOPING CRANES AB Mosquito population densities, virus isolations and seroconversion in sentinel quail were used to monitor eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEE) activity at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, from 1985 through 1990. A dramatic increase in the number of Culiseta melanura collected in 1989, as compared with the 3 previous years, was associated with virus isolations from this species (5/75 pools; n = 542 mosquitoes) and with seroconversion in sentinel quail (4/22 birds positive). This was the first detection of EEE virus activity in this area since a 1984 EEE outbreak killed 7 whooping cranes. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,DIV DIS ASSESSMENT,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP PAGAC, BB (reprint author), USA ENVIRONM HYG ACT N,DIV ENTOMOL SCI,FT GEORGE G MEADE,MD 20755, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 328 EP 330 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR023 UT WOS:A1992JR02300026 PM 1357091 ER PT J AU PREMO, WR IZETT, GA AF PREMO, WR IZETT, GA TI ISOTOPIC SIGNATURES OF BLACK TEKTITES FROM THE K-T BOUNDARY ON HAITI - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE AGE AND TYPE OF SOURCE MATERIAL SO METEORITICS LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; RB-SR; SM-ND; IMPACT GLASSES; GEOCHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMATICS; PROVENANCE; SEDIMENTS; BARBADOS AB U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd isotopic signatures of corroded, but unaltered, black glassy tektites from Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary rock on Haiti are not consistent with their derivation from an impact on MOR-derived oceanic crust or continental regions involving middle Proterozoic or older crustal material. Two single-grain and two batches of these tektites yielded present-day epsilon(Nd) = -3.0 to -3.4, epsilon(Sr) = +55 to 56, Pb-206/Pb-204 = 18.97; Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.74; Pb-208/Pb-204 = 38.91 values, and Pb, Rb, Sr, Sm, and Nd concentrations of approximately 6, approximately 45, approximately 535, approximately 4.7, and approximately 22 ppm, respectively. Initial epsilon(Nd) and epsilon(Sr) values for the tektites are different from time-integrated Nd-Sr isotopic signatures for almost all oceanic crustal types. Age-corrected Pb isotopic values are similar to those for pelagic sediments with distinctly higher Pb-207/Pb-204 values compared to MORB. However, these results do not exclude the possibility of an oceanic impact site, if the tektites were derived from fine-grained sediments that typically overlie such regions, although other mineralogic and chemical evidence from K-T boundary debris suggests otherwise. Moreover, the Nd average crustal residence age of approximately 1080 Ma (T(DM)) for the black tektites eliminates impact sites on continental crustal regions involving middle Proterozoic or older rocks, or sedimentary rocks largely derived from them. Previously reported major and trace element data from the black tektites suggest that the source material was possibly sedimentary with a composition similar to average shale or graywacke. If this is the case, then the Nd isotopic data suggest that the source rocks were not older than Silurian (T(CHUR) = 400 Ma) in age, and were composed largely of young (< 1080 Ma) crustal material. Of the suspected K-T boundary impact sites, both the Manson (Iowa) and Chicxulub (Yucatan) structures occur in suitable lithologies to yield the Haitian black tektites, although neither structure has as yet proven to be the tektite source. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, BOX 25046, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 82 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORITICS JI Meteoritics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 413 EP 423 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JU056 UT WOS:A1992JU05600012 ER PT J AU RATHBUN, GB AF RATHBUN, GB TI THE FAIRLY TRUE ELEPHANT-SHREW SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP RATHBUN, GB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SAN SIMEON,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD SEP PY 1992 IS 9 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JH681 UT WOS:A1992JH68100008 ER PT J AU Wilson, CJN Houghton, BF Lanphere, MA Weaver, SD AF Wilson, C. J. N. Houghton, B. F. Lanphere, M. A. Weaver, S. D. TI A new radiometric age estimate for the Rotoehu Ash from Mayor Island volcano, New Zealand SO NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Rotoehu Ash; Mayor Island volcano; Okataina volcano; K-Ar; volcanism; pantellerite; obsidian AB The age of the Rotoehu Ash is estimated as 64 +/- 4 ka from whole-rock K-Ar age determinations on older and younger lava flows on Mayor Island volcano. This age is compatible with an existing U/Th disequilibrium age of 71 +/- 6 ka and both are significantly older than the currently accepted value of 50 ka. C1 [Wilson, C. J. N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Houghton, B. F.] DSIR Geol & Geophys, Rotorua, New Zealand. [Lanphere, M. A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weaver, S. D.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Wilson, CJN (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. RI Wilson, Colin/E-9457-2011 OI Wilson, Colin/0000-0001-7565-0743 FU Branch of Isotope Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park; Royal Society of London; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council FX We thank W. J. Davis for field assistance, J. Saburomaru and J. Von Essen for technical assistance, and I. A. Nairn for a helpful review. The dating work was carried out while BFH held a DSIR Prestige Award in the Branch of Isotope Geology, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park. CJNW thanks the Royal Society of London and the United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council for financial support. NR 27 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-8306 J9 NEW ZEAL J GEOL GEOP JI N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 371 EP 374 PG 4 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V16WI UT WOS:000207899300011 ER PT J AU CURIALE, JA LUNDEGARD, PD KHARAKA, YK AF CURIALE, JA LUNDEGARD, PD KHARAKA, YK TI HYDROUS PYROLYSIS OF CRUDE-OIL IN GOLD-PLATED REACTORS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 AUSTRALIAN CONF ON ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY CY APR 11-12, 1991 CL UNIV MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP SHELL AUSTR, AUSTR MINERALS DEV LAB, CORE SER, HEWLETT PACKARD AUSTR HO UNIV MELBOURNE DE HYDROUS PYROLYSIS OF OIL; BIOMARKERS; CALIFORNIA OIL; IRAQ OIL; VANADIUM AND NICKEL IN OIL; MOLECULAR MATURITY PARAMETERS; BISNORHOPANE; IN-RESERVOIR OIL MATURITY; GOLD REACTORS ID SANTA-MARIA BASIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; MONTEREY FORMATION; THERMAL MATURATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; PETROLEUM; KEROGEN; HYDROCARBONS; BIOMARKER; MATURITY AB Crude oils from Iraq and California have been pyrolyzed under hydrous conditions at 200 and 300-degrees-C for time periods up to 210 days, in gold-plated reactors. Elemental (vanadium, nickel), stable isotopic (carbon), and molecular (n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, terpanes and aromatic steroid hydrocarbons) analyses were made on the original and pyrolyzed oils. Various conventional crude oil maturity parameters, including 20S/(20S + 20R)-24-ethylcholestane ratios and the side-chain-length distribution of aliphatic and aromatic steroidal hydrocarbons, were measured in an effort to assess the modification of molecular maturity parameters in clay-free settings, similar to those encountered in "clean" reservoirs. Concentrations of vanadium and nickel in the Iraq oil decrease significantly and the V/(V + Ni) ratio decreases slightly, with increasing pyrolysis time/temperature. Whole oil carbon isotope ratios remain fairly constant during pyrolysis, as do hopane/sterane ratios and carbon number distribution of 5alpha(H),14alpha(H),17alpha(H),20R steranes. These latter three parameters are considered maturity-invariant. The ratios of short side-chain components to long side-chain components of the regular steranes [C21/(C21 + C29R)] and the triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons [C21/(C21 + C28)] vary systematically with increasing pyrolysis time, indicating that these parameters may be useful as molecular maturity parameters for crude oils in clay-free reservoir rocks. In addition, decreases in bisnorhopane/hopane ratio with increasing pyrolysis time, in a clay-free and kerogen-free environment, suggest that the distribution of these compounds is controlled by either differential thermal stabilities or preferential release from a higher-molecular weight portion of the oil. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP CURIALE, JA (reprint author), UNOCAL INC,BREA,CA, USA. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 18 IS 5 BP 745 EP 756 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(92)90100-C PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JQ755 UT WOS:A1992JQ75500017 ER PT J AU BRUCE, DS AMBLER, DL HENSCHEL, TM OELTGEN, PR NILEKANI, SP AMSTRUP, SC AF BRUCE, DS AMBLER, DL HENSCHEL, TM OELTGEN, PR NILEKANI, SP AMSTRUP, SC TI SUPPRESSION OF GUINEA-PIG ILEUM INDUCED CONTRACTILITY BY PLASMA-ALBUMIN OF HIBERNATORS SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIBERNATION; WOODCHUCK; GROUND SQUIRREL; BLACK BEAR; POLAR BEAR; GUINEA PIG ILEUM; HIBERNATION INDUCTION TRIGGER ID SQUIRRELS CITELLUS-TRIDECEMLINEATUS; SUMMER HIBERNATION; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; OPIOIDS; INDUCTION; TRIGGER AB Previous studies suggest that hibernation may be regulated by internal opioids and that the putative "hibernation induction trigger" (HIT) may itself be an opioid. This study examined the effect of plasma albumin (known to bind HIT) on induced contractility of the guinea pig ileum muscle strip. Morphine (400 nM) depressed contractility and 100 nM naloxone restored it. Ten milligrams of lyophilized plasma albumin fractions from hibernating ground squirrels, woodchucks, black bears, and polar bears produced similar inhibition, with partial reversal by naloxone. Five hundredths mg of D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) also inhibited contractility and naloxone reversed it. Conclusions are that hibernating individuals of these species contain an HIT substance that is opioid in nature and summer animals do not; an endogenous opioid similar to leu-enkephalin may be the HIT compound or give rise to it. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,LEXINGTON,KY 40511. UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40511. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP BRUCE, DS (reprint author), WHEATON COLL,DEPT BIOL,WHEATON,IL 60187, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1016/0091-3057(92)90658-3 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JK367 UT WOS:A1992JK36700025 PM 1409805 ER PT J AU ELY, LL WEBB, RH ENZEL, Y AF ELY, LL WEBB, RH ENZEL, Y TI ACCURACY OF POST-BOMB CS-137 AND C-14 IN DATING FLUVIAL DEPOSITS SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-TERRITORY; KATHERINE-GORGE; RIVER; AUSTRALIA; ARIZONA; GEOMORPHOLOGY; CESIUM-137; WATERSHEDS; SEDIMENTS; HYDROLOGY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,TUCSON,AZ 85705. RP ELY, LL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0033-5894(92)90056-O PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA JN424 UT WOS:A1992JN42400005 ER PT J AU FALGUERES, C DELUMLEY, H BISCHOFF, JL AF FALGUERES, C DELUMLEY, H BISCHOFF, JL TI U-SERIES DATES FOR STALAGMITIC FLOWSTONE-E (RISS WURM INTERGLACIATION) AT GROTTE DU LAZARET, NICE, FRANCE SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FALGUERES, C (reprint author), INST PALEONTOL HUMAINE,1 RUE RENE PANHARD,F-75013 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0033-5894(92)90058-Q PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA JN424 UT WOS:A1992JN42400007 ER PT J AU BARRINGER, TH SMITH, TE AF BARRINGER, TH SMITH, TE TI EXPERIMENTS WITH CENTRAL-LIMIT PROPERTIES OF SPATIAL SAMPLES FROM LOCALLY COVARIANT RANDOM-FIELDS SO REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB When spatial samples are statistically dependent, the classical estimator of sample-mean standard deviation is well known to be inconsistent. For locally dependent samples, however, consistent estimators of sample-mean standard deviation can be constructed. The present paper investigates the sampling properties of one such estimator, designated as the tau estimator of sample-mean standard deviation. In particular, the asymptotic normality properties of standardized sample means based on tau estimators are studied in terms of computer experiments with simulated sample-mean distributions. The effects of both sample size and dependency levels among samples are examined for various value of tau (denoting the size of the spatial kernel for the estimator). The results suggest that even for small degrees of spatial dependency, the tau estimator exhibits significantly stronger normality properties than does the classical estimator of standardized sample means. C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP BARRINGER, TH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,810 BEAR TAVERN RD,W TRENTON,NJ 08628, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0462 J9 REG SCI URBAN ECON JI Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 387 EP 403 DI 10.1016/0166-0462(92)90036-Z PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA JX875 UT WOS:A1992JX87500006 ER PT J AU HOHMAN, WL ANKNEY, CD ROSTER, DL AF HOHMAN, WL ANKNEY, CD ROSTER, DL TI BODY CONDITION, FOOD-HABITS, AND MOLT STATUS OF LATE-WINTERING RUDDY DUCKS IN CALIFORNIA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We studied body condition, food habits, and molt status of late-wintering ruddy ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) using drainwater evaporation ponds in the southern San joaquin Valley, California. Levels of body fat and protein were similar by sex but varied by age (adults greater than immatures). Masses of breast and leg muscle protein were greatest in adult males and lowest in immature males, but similar in adult and immature females. Fat and protein levels in late-wintering ruddy ducks were independent of their body size. We detected no differences among sex-age classes in the proportion of animal foods consumed. Aquatic invertebrates composed >85% of the dict; midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and brine flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) were the principal taxa consumed. Molt score by feather region and overall molt score did not vary by sex or age. Light to moderate molt (<25 to 50% molting feathers) was recorded in all feather regions. High levels of body fat and protein were attributed to premigratory hyperphagia and consumption of foods with a high protein:energy ratio. RP HOHMAN, WL (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR WETLAND RESOURCES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.2307/3671868 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL701 UT WOS:A1992JL70100007 ER PT J AU MCDIARMID, RW AF MCDIARMID, RW TI SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF THE SAN-LUIS-POTOSI BLACK-HEADED SNAKE, TANTILLA-DEVIATRIX BARBOUR (COLUBRIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP MCDIARMID, RW (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BIOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.2307/3671874 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL701 UT WOS:A1992JL70100013 ER PT J AU RATHBUN, GB SIEPEL, N HOLLAND, D AF RATHBUN, GB SIEPEL, N HOLLAND, D TI NESTING-BEHAVIOR AND MOVEMENTS OF WESTERN POND TURTLES, CLEMMYS-MARMORATA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP RATHBUN, GB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,POB 70,SAN SIMEON,CA 93452, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.2307/3671880 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JL701 UT WOS:A1992JL70100019 ER PT J AU GADOMSKI, DM HALLGRISWOLD, JA AF GADOMSKI, DM HALLGRISWOLD, JA TI PREDATION BY NORTHERN SQUAWFISH ON LIVE AND DEAD JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLUMBIA RIVER; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PREY; WALLEYES; FISH; VULNERABILITY; GAIRDNERI; BEHAVIOR; LIGHT AB Northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis is a major predator of juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. migrating downstream through the Columbia River. High predation rates occur just below dams. If northern squawfish selectively consume salmonids killed or injured during dam passage, previous estimates of predation mortality may be too high. We conducted laboratory experiments that indicate northern squawfish prefer dead juvenile chinook salmon a tshawytscha over live individuals. When equal numbers of dead and live chinook salmon were offered to northern squawfish maintained on a natural photoperiod (15 h light: 9 h darkness), significantly more (P < 0.05) dead than live fish were consumed, both in 1,400-L circular tanks and in an 11,300-L raceway (62% and 79% of prey consumed were dead, respectively). When dead and live juvenile chinook salmon were provided in proportions more similar to those below dams (20% dead, 80% live), northern squawfish still selected for dead prey (36% of fish consumed were dead). In additional experiments, northern squawfish were offered a proportion of 20% dead juvenile chinook salmon during 4-h periods of either light or darkness. The predators were much more selective for dead chinook salmon during bright light (88% of fish consumed were dead) than during darkness (31% were dead). RP GADOMSKI, DM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR SEATTLE,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 121 IS 5 BP 680 EP 685 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0680:PBNSOL>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KN447 UT WOS:A1992KN44700012 ER PT J AU COLMAN, JA SANZOLONE, RF AF COLMAN, JA SANZOLONE, RF TI GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STREAMBED SEDIMENT IN THE UPPER ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE TRACE METALS; STREAMBED SEDIMENT; RIVERS; SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TRACE-METAL ENRICHMENT; TRACE-METAL BACKGROUND ID GRAIN-SIZE; UNITED-STATES; BIOAVAILABILITY; EXPLORATION; COPPER; METALS; MODEL; LEAD AB Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper Illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples analyzed for 46 elements. Three distinctive distribution patterns were found for seven U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants surveyed, as well as for boron and phosphorus: (1) enrichment of elements in the Chicago urban area and in stresses draining the urban area relative to rural areas, (2) enrichment in main stems relative to tributaries, and (3) enrichment in low-order streams at high-population-density sites relative to low-population-density sites. Significant differences in background concentrations, as measured by samples from low-order streams, were observed among five subbasins in the study area. Uncertain geochemical correspondence between low-order, background sites and high-order, generally metal enriched sites prevented determination of background levels that would be appropriate for high-order sites. The within-sample ratio of enriched elements was variable within the Chicago area but was constant in the Illinois River downstream from Chicago. Element ratios imply a composite fine-fraction sediment in the Illinois River of 35-40 percent Des Plaines River origin and 60-65 percent Kankakee River origin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP COLMAN, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,28 LORD RD,SUITE 280,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 933 EP 950 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KM312 UT WOS:A1992KM31200011 ER PT J AU BERGER, DL AF BERGER, DL TI GROUNDWATER RECHARGE THROUGH ACTIVE SAND DUNES IN NORTHWESTERN NEVADA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE INFILTRATION AND SOIL MOISTURE; GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; MODELING STATISTICS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SIMULATION; SAND DUNES; ARID WEST AB Most water-resource investigations in semiarid basins of the Great Basin in western North America conclude that ground-water recharge from direct precipitation on the valley floor is negligible. However, many of these basins contain large areas covered by unvegetated, active sand dunes that may act as conduits for ground-water recharge. The potential for this previously undocumented recharge was investigated in an area covered by sand dunes in Desert Valley, northwestern Nevada, using a deep percolation model. The model uses daily measurements of precipitation and temperature to determine energy and moisture balances, from which estimates of long-term mean annual recharge are made. For the study area, the model calculated a mean annual recharge rate of as much as 1.3 inches per year, or 17 percent of the long-term mean precipitation. Model simulations also indicate that recharge would be virtually zero if the study area were covered by vegetation rather than dunes. RP BERGER, DL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,333 W NYE LANE,CARSON CITY,NV 89706, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 959 EP 965 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KM312 UT WOS:A1992KM31200013 ER PT J AU BASSETT, RL MILLER, WR MCHUGH, J CATTS, JG AF BASSETT, RL MILLER, WR MCHUGH, J CATTS, JG TI SIMULATION OF NATURAL ACID SULFATE WEATHERING IN AN ALPINE WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION; DISSOLUTION; COLORADO; BALANCE; RATES AB Streams with acidic sulfate compositions (pH less than 3.5) are naturally generated in the alpine Geneva Creek Basin of the southern Rocky Mountains, an area underlain by Proterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks that are intruded by Tertiary felsic stocks with associated pyritic alteration. These naturally acidic waters am similar in composition to more familiar man-made acid mine waters or to surface waters acidified by sulfate precipitation. Detailed study of the stream compositions has revealed the principal reactions driving the weathering process and was used to estimate the relative effects of snowpack ionic input versus the solute contribution from acid attack in soil zones and groundwater. In the Geneva Creek Basin, atmospheric sources of solute represent a minor component to the stream water composition, except for chloride, which can be used to determine the fraction of contribution. The weathering process is a balance between oxidation of sulfides, dissolution of silicates, formation of the clay minerals vermiculite, kaolinite, and smectite, carbonate neutralization, and precipitation of ferric and aluminum oxyhydroxides and aluminum sulfate. The chemical analyses of snow samples, multiple samples of water from Geneva Creek and its tributaries, and the composition of primary and secondary minerals identified in the basin serve as input to a mass balance geochemical model, which facilitates the interpretation of the principal geochemical processes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES,NOVATO,CA 94947. RP BASSETT, RL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2197 EP 2209 DI 10.1029/92WR01101 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JL482 UT WOS:A1992JL48200004 ER PT J AU BUSENBERG, E PLUMMER, LN AF BUSENBERG, E PLUMMER, LN TI USE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CCL3F AND CCL2F2) AS HYDROLOGIC TRACERS AND AGE-DATING TOOLS - THE ALLUVIUM AND TERRACE SYSTEM OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES; GASES; OZONE; WATER; FLUOROCARBONS; BASIN; AIR; DISTRIBUTIONS; DESTRUCTION AB The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as an age-dating tool and tracer in shallow groundwaters has been investigated. New methodology for field sampling and preserving groundwaters containing parts per trillion concentrations of the CFCs, F-11 and F-12, is presented. Samples are analyzed by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Physical and chemical processes that can alter natural concentrations (air-water equilibrium) of CFCs were investigated to assess dating uncertainties. CFC model recharge ages appear to be defined within 2 years under optimum conditions. The method was applied to central Oklahoma to demonstrate the usefulness of CFCs as (1) an age-dating tool of shallow groundwaters, (2) a tracer of sewage effluent in surface and shallow groundwaters, and (3) a tracer of shallow groundwater. Results of dating indicate two primary recharge periods in central Oklahoma over the past 45 years that correspond to the wet periods 1945-1960 and 1967-1975. RP BUSENBERG, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,432 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 75 TC 275 Z9 278 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2257 EP 2283 DI 10.1029/92WR01263 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JL482 UT WOS:A1992JL48200008 ER EF