FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU AYUSO, RA MESSINA, A DEVIVO, B RUSSO, S WOODRUFF, LG SUTTER, JF BELKIN, HE AF AYUSO, RA MESSINA, A DEVIVO, B RUSSO, S WOODRUFF, LG SUTTER, JF BELKIN, HE TI GEOCHEMISTRY AND ARGON THERMOCHRONOLOGY OF THE VARISCAN SILA BATHOLITH, SOUTHERN ITALY - SOURCE ROCKS AND MAGMA EVOLUTION SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPE THERMOMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; GRANITIC-ROCKS; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; LEAD ISOTOPE; PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS; EXPLORATION TOOLS; MINERAL-DEPOSITS; PLUTONIC ROCKS; IGNEOUS ROCKS AB The Sila batholith is the largest granitic massif in the Calabrian-Peloritan Arc of southern Italy, consisting of syn to post-tectonic, calc-alkaline and metaluminous tonalite to granodiorite, and post-tectonic, peraluminous and strongly peraluminous, two-mica +/-cordierite +/- Al silicate granodiorite to leucomonzo-granite. Mineral Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronologic analyses document Variscan emplacement and cooling of the intrusives (293-289 Ma). SiO2 content in the granitic rocks ranges from -57 to 77 wt%; cumulate gabbro enclaves have SiO2 as low as 42%. Variations in absolute abundances and ratios involving Hf, Ta, Th, Rb, and the REE, among others, identify genetically linked groups of granitic rocks in the batholith: (1) syn-tectonic biotite +/- amphibole-bearing tonalites to granodiorites, (2) post-tectonic two-mica +/- Al-silicate-bearing granodiorites to leucomonzogranites, and (3) post-tectonic biotite +/- hornblende tonalites to granodiorites. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns display variable values of Ce/Yb (up to approximately 300) and generally small negative Eu anomalies. Degree of REE fractionation depends on whether the intrusives are syn- or post-tectonic, and on their mineralogy. High and variable values of Rb/Y (O.40-4.5), Th/Sm (0.1-3.6), Th/Ta (0-70), Ba/Nb (1-150), and Ba/Ta (approximately 50-2100), as well as low values of Nb/U (approximately 2-28) and La/Th (approximately 1-10) are consistent with a predominant and heterogeneous crustal contribution to the batholith. Whole rock deltaO-18 ranges from approximately +8.2 to +11.7 parts per thousand; the mafic cumulate enclaves have the lowest deltaO-18 values and the two-mica granites have the highest values. DeltaO-18 values for biotite +/- hornblende tonalitic and granodioritic rocks (9.1 to 10.8 parts per thousand) overlap the values of the mafic enclaves and two-mica granodiorites and leucogranites arc (10.7 to 11.7 parts per thousand). The initial Pb isotopic range of the granitic rocks (Pb-206/Pb-204 approximately 18.17-18.45, Pb-207/Pb-204 15.58-15.77, Pb-208/Pb-204 approximately 38.20-38.76) also indicates the predominance of a crustal source. Although the granitic groups cannot be uniquely distinguished on the basis of their Pb isotope compositions most of the post-tectonic tonalites to granodiorites as well as two-mica granites are somewhat less radiogenic than the syn-tectonic tonalites and granodiorites. Only a few of the mafic enclaves overlap the Pb isotope field of the granitic rocks and are consistent with a cogenetic origin. The Sila batholith was generated by mixing of material derived from at least two sources, mantle-derived and crustal, during the closing stages of plate collision and post-collision. The batholith ultimately owes its origin to the evolution of earlier, more mafic parental magmas, and to complex interactions of the fractionating mafic magmas with the crust. Hybrid rocks produced by mixing evolved primarily by crystal fractionation although a simple fractionation model cannot link all the granitic rocks, or explain the entire spectrum of compositions within each group of granites. Petrographic and geochemical features characterizing the Sila batholith have direct counterparts in all other granitic massifs in the Calabrian-Peloritan Arc. This implies that magmatic events in the Calabrian-Peloritan Arc produced a similar spectrum of granitic compositions and resulted in a distinctive type of granite magmatism consisting of coeval, mixed, strongly peraluminous and metaluminous granitic magmas. C1 IST SCI TERRA,I-98166 MESSINA,ITALY. DIPARTIMENTO GEOFIS & VULCANOL,NAPLES,ITALY. RP AYUSO, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 84 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 117 IS 1 BP 87 EP 109 DI 10.1007/BF00307732 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA NT543 UT WOS:A1994NT54300008 ER PT J AU LINK, WA BARKER, RJ SAUER, JR DROEGE, S AF LINK, WA BARKER, RJ SAUER, JR DROEGE, S TI WITHIN-SITE VARIABILITY IN SURVEYS OF WILDLIFE POPULATIONS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIRDS; BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; CORRELATION; INDEX; TRENDS; WITHIN-SITE VARIABILITY AB Most large-scale surveys of animal populations are based on counts of individuals observed during a sampling period, which are used as indexes to the population. The variability in these indexes not only reflects variability in population sizes among sites but also variability due to the inexactness of the counts. Repeated counts at survey sites can be used to document this additional source of variability and, in some applications, to mitigate its effects. We present models for evaluating the proportion of total variability in counts that is attributable to this within-site variability and apply them in the analysis of data from repeated counts on routes from the North American Breeding Bird Survey. We analyzed data on 98 species, obtaining estimates of these percentages, which ranged from 3.5 to 100% with a mean of 36.25%. For at least 14 of the species, more than half of the variation in counts was attributable to within-site sources. Counts for species with lower average counts had a higher percentage of within-site variability. We discuss the relative cost efficiency of replicating sites or initiating new sites for several objectives, concluding that it is frequently better to initiate new sites than to attempt to replicate existing sites. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP LINK, WA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 13 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1108 DI 10.2307/1939433 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP103 UT WOS:A1994NP10300022 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JD DUFFIELD, WA AF WEBSTER, JD DUFFIELD, WA TI EXTREME HALOGEN ABUNDANCES IN TIN-RICH MAGMA OF THE TAYLOR CREEK RHYOLITE, NEW-MEXICO SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID LAVA DOMES; MELT; CHLORINE; CONSTRAINTS; FLUORINE; FLUID; CL; TEMPERATURE; SOLUBILITY; ELEMENTS AB Crystal-bearing glass inclusions are hosted by quartz phenocrysts in eruptive units of the tin-mineralized Taylor Creek Rhyolite, New Mexico. Inclusions from four units were refused at 2 to 4 kbars and temperatures greater-than-or-equal-to 890-degrees-C and analyzed for major and minor elements by electron microprobe and for H, Li, Be, B, Rb, Sr, Y, Nb, Mo, Sn, Cs, Ce, Th, and U by ion microprobe. Average glass inclusion compositions are chemically representative of Taylor Creek melt, and comparison of inclusion compositions with their whole-rock equivalents suggests that Li, F, Cl, Ca, and H2O degassed from cooling lava and/or magma after inclusion entrapment. Taylor Creek magma was strongly and variably enriched in F and Cl prior to eruption; average F concentrations of melt apparently ranged from 0.15 to 3.9 wt percent. Eruptive units containing the most F-enriched glass inclusions are characterized by comparatively high average molar (Na2O/Na2O + K2O) ratios, low Li concentrations, and relatively low phenocryst contents which are compatible with high preeruptive concentrations of F in magma. Average Cl concentrations were more uniform, ranging from 0.23 to 0.37 wt percent. High concentrations of F and Cl are in accord with the style and extent of alteration in vapor-phase altered parts of Taylor Creek Rhyolite and are consistent with alkali chloride-rich fluid inclusions in vapor-phase minerals of altered rhyolites. Preeruptive enrichments in other volatiles were not as significant; B in melt was < 100 ppm and the apparent H2O content of melt was <2 wt percent. Geochemical studies of other tin-topaz rhyolites and molybdenite-bearing, Climax-type, porphyritic granites imply that their magmatic F concentrations were highly variable and that some fractions of magma were strongly enriched in halogens. We suggest that such high levels of halogen enrichment may be generally representative of other highly evolved granitic magmas genetically associated with lithophile mineralization. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP WEBSTER, JD (reprint author), AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT MINERAL SCI,CENT PK W & 79TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10024, USA. NR 49 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 13 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JUN-JUL PY 1994 VL 89 IS 4 BP 840 EP 850 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PD459 UT WOS:A1994PD45900008 ER PT J AU TAKADA, H FARRINGTON, JW BOTHNER, MH JOHNSON, CG TRIPP, BW AF TAKADA, H FARRINGTON, JW BOTHNER, MH JOHNSON, CG TRIPP, BW TI TRANSPORT OF SLUDGE-DERIVED ORGANIC POLLUTANTS TO DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS AT DEEP-WATER DUMP SITE-106 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LONG-CHAIN ALKYLBENZENES; NEW-YORK BIGHT; WASHINGTON COASTAL SEDIMENTS; SANTA-MONICA BASIN; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; UNITED-STATES AB Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), coprostanol and epi-coprostanol, were detected in sediment trap and bottom sediment samples at the Deep Water Dump Site 106 located 185 km off the coast of New Jersey, in water depths from 2400 to 2900 m. These findings clearly indicate that organic pollutants derived from dumped sludge are transported through the water column and have accumulated on the deep-seafloor. No significant difference in LABs isomeric composition was observed among sludge and samples, indicating little environmental biodegradation of these compounds. LABs and coprostanol have penetrated down to a depth of 6 cm in sediment, indicating the mixing of these compounds by biological and physical processes. Also, in artificially resuspended surface sediments, high concentrations of LABs and coprostanols were detected, implying that sewage-derived organic pollutants initially deposited on the deep-sea floor can be further dispersed by resuspension and transport processes. Small but significant amounts of coprostanol were detected in the sediment from a control site at which no LABs were detected. The coprostanol is probably derived from feces of marine mammals and sea birds and/or from microbial or geochemical transformations of cholesterol. Polcyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment trap samples from the dump site were largely from the sewage sludge and had a mixed petroleum and pyrogenic composition. In contrast, PAHs in sediments in the dump site were mainly pyrogenic; contributed either from sewage sludge or from atmospheric transport to the overlying waters. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. TOKYO UNIV AGR & TECHNOL,FAC AGR,FUCHU,TOKYO 183,JAPAN. US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RI Takada, Hideshige/G-1096-2013 NR 72 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1072 DI 10.1021/es00055a015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP277 UT WOS:A1994NP27700019 PM 22176231 ER PT J AU SCHOTTLER, SP EISENREICH, SJ CAPEL, PD AF SCHOTTLER, SP EISENREICH, SJ CAPEL, PD TI ATRAZINE, ALACHLOR, AND CYANAZINE IN A LARGE AGRICULTURAL RIVER SYSTEM SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NO-TILLAGE PRACTICES; NONPOINT-SOURCE; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; DEETHYLATRAZINE; GROUNDWATER; WATER AB Atrazine, alachlor, and cyanazine exhibited maximum concentrations of about 1000-6000 ng/L in the Minnesota River in 1990 and 1991, resulting from precipitation and runoff following the application period. Transport of these herbicides to the river occurs via overland flow or by infiltration to the drainage networks. Suspended sediment, SO42-, and Cl- concentrations were used as indicators of transport mechanisms. The atrazine metabolite, DEA, was present in the river throughout the year. The ratio of DEA to atrazine concentration was used to calculate an apparent first-order soil conversion rate of atrazine to DEA. Half lives of 21-58 d were calculated for 1990 and 1991, respectively. The longer conversion rate in 1991 results from rapid flushing from the soil and minimum exposure to soil microorganisms. Total flux of herbicide to the river was 1-6.5 t, with over 60% of this loading occurring during the month of June. Loading to the river accounts for less than 1.5% of applied herbicide. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,GRAY FRESHWATER BIOL INST,NAVARRE,MN 55392. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,NAVARRE,MN 55392. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,NAVARRE,MN 55392. NR 42 TC 85 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1079 EP 1089 DI 10.1021/es00055a017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP277 UT WOS:A1994NP27700021 PM 22176233 ER PT J AU KRUMME, ML SMITH, RL EGESTORFF, J THIEM, SM TIEDJE, JM TIMMIS, KN DWYER, DF AF KRUMME, ML SMITH, RL EGESTORFF, J THIEM, SM TIEDJE, JM TIMMIS, KN DWYER, DF TI BEHAVIOR OF POLLUTANT-DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS IN AQUIFERS - PREDICTIONS FOR GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED ORGANISMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC SEDIMENT MICROCOSMS; INSITU BIODEGRADATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; SANDY AQUIFER; BACTERIA; GROUNDWATER; BIORESTORATION; REMEDIATION; PSEUDOMONAD; SUBSURFACE AB Bioremediation via environmental introductions of degradative microorganisms requires that the microbes survive in substantial numbers and effect an increase in the rate and extent of pollutant removal. Combined field and microcosm studies were used to assess these abilities for laboratory-grown bacteria. Following introduction into a contaminated aquifer, viable cells of Pseudomonas sp. B13 were present in the contaminant plume for 447 days; die-off was rapid in pristine areas. In aquifer microcosms, survival of B13 and FR120, a genetically engineered derivative of B13 having enhanced catabolic capabilities for substituted aromatics, was comparable to B13 field results; both bacteria degraded target pollutants in microcosms made with aquifer samples from the aerobic zone of the pollutant plume. Results suggest that field studies with nonrecombinant microorganisms may be coupled to laboratory studies with derivative strains to estimate their bioremediative efficacy. Furthermore, laboratory strains of bacteria can survive for extended periods of time in nature and thus may have important bioremediative applications. C1 NATL RES CTR BIOTECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL,MOLEC MICROBIAL ECOL GRP,BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOULDER CREEK,CO 80303. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.1021/es00055a025 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP277 UT WOS:A1994NP27700029 PM 22176241 ER PT J AU CHIOU, CT KILE, DE AF CHIOU, CT KILE, DE TI EFFECTS OF POLAR AND NONPOLAR GROUPS ON THE STABILITY OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; SORPTION; VAPORS AB Vapor sorption capacities on a high-organic-content peat, a model for soil organic matter (SOM), were determined at room temperature for the following liquids: n-hexane, 1,4-dioxane, nitroethane, acetone, acetonitrile, 1-propanol, ethanol, and methanol. The linear organic vapor sorption is in keeping with the dominance of vapor partition in peat SOM. These data and similar results of carbon tetrachloride (CT), trichloroethylene (TCE), benzene, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME), and water on the same peat from earlier studies are used to evaluate the effect of polarity on the vapor partition in SOM. The extrapolated liquid solubility from the vapor isotherm increases sharply from 3-6 wt % for low-polarity liquids (hexane, CT, and benzene) to 62 wt % for polar methanol and correlates positively with the liquid's component solubility parameters for polar interaction (delta(P)) and hydrogen bonding (delta(h)). The same polarity effect may be expected to influence the relative solubilities of a variety of contaminants in SOM and, therefore, the relative deviations between the SOM-water partition coefficients (K(om)) and corresponding octanol-water partition coefficients (K(ow)) for different classes of compounds. The large solubility disparity in SOM between polar and nonpolar solutes suggests that the accurate prediction of K(om) from K(ow) or S(w) (solute water solubility) would be limited to compounds of similar polarity. RP CHIOU, CT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 408,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1139 EP 1144 DI 10.1021/es00055a026 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP277 UT WOS:A1994NP27700030 PM 22176242 ER PT J AU CARTER, V RYBICKI, NB LANDWEHR, JM TURTORA, M AF CARTER, V RYBICKI, NB LANDWEHR, JM TURTORA, M TI ROLE OF WEATHER AND WATER-QUALITY IN POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF SUBMERSED MACROPHYTES IN THE TIDAL POTOMAC RIVER SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; AQUATIC VEGETATION; GROWTH; LIGHT AB Weather and water-quality data from 1980 to 1989 were correlated with fluctuations in submersed macrophyte populations in the tidal Potomac River near Washington, D.C., to elucidate causal relationships and explain population dynamics. Both reaches were unvegetated in 1980 when mean growing-season Secchi depths were <0.60 m. Macrophyte resurgence in the upper tidal river in 1983 was associated with a growing-season Secchi depth of 0.86 m, total suspended solids (TSS) of 17.7 mg l(-1), chlorophyll a concentrations of 15.2 mu g l(-1), significantly higher than average percent available sunshine, and significantly lower than average wind speed. From 1983 to 1989, mean seasonal Secchi depths <0.65 m were associated with decrease in plant coverage and mean seasonal Secchi depths >0.65 were associated with increases in plant coverage. Changes in mean seasonal Secchi depth were related to changes in mean seasonal TSS and chlorophyll a concentration; mean Secchi depths >0.65 generally occur when seasonal mean TSS is <19 mg l(-1) and seasonal mean chlorophyll a concentration is less than or equal to 15 mu g l(-1). Secchi depth is highly correlated with plant growth in the upper tidal river and chlorophyll a and TSS with plant growth in the lower tidal river. Wind speed is an important influence on plant growth in both reaches. RP CARTER, V (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.2307/1352674 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PK142 UT WOS:A1994PK14200010 ER PT J AU WARREN, JW AF WARREN, JW TI FISH HEALTH AND FISH TRANSPORT REGULATIONS - A FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97232. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUN PY 1994 VL 19 IS 6 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NM924 UT WOS:A1994NM92400004 ER PT J AU RIDLEY, WI PERFIT, MR JONASSON, IR SMITH, MF AF RIDLEY, WI PERFIT, MR JONASSON, IR SMITH, MF TI HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION IN OCEANIC RIDGE VOLCANICS - A DETAILED STUDY AT THE GALAPAGOS FOSSIL HYDROTHERMAL FIELD SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SEAWATER-BASALT INTERACTION; CHEMICAL-EXCHANGE; INCA TRANSFORM; ECUADOR RIFT; DSRV ALVIN; CRYSTALLIZATION HISTORY; SULFIDE DEPOSIT; TRACE-ELEMENT; HEAVY-METAL AB The Galapagos Fossil Hydrothermal Field is composed of altered oceanic crust and extinct hydrothermal vents within the eastern Galapagos Rift between 85-degrees-49'W and 85-degrees-55'W. The discharge zone of the hydrothermal system is revealed along scarps, thus providing an opportunity to examine the uppermost mineralized, and highly altered interior parts of the crust. Altered rocks collected in situ by the submersible ALVIN show complex concentric alteration zones. Microsamples of individual zones have been analysed for major/minor, trace elements, and strontium isotopes in order to describe the complex compositional details of the hydrothermal alteration. Interlayered chlorite-smectite and chlorite with disequilibrium compositions dominate the secondary mineralogy as replacement phases of primary glass and acicular pyroxene. Phenocrysts and matrix grains of plagioclase are unaffected during alteration. Using a modification of the Gresens' equation we demonstrate that the trivalent rare earth elements (REEs) are relatively immobile, and calculate degrees of enrichment and depletion in other elements. Strontium isotopic ratios increase as Sr concentrations decrease from least-altered cores to most-altered rims and cross-cutting veins in individual samples, and can be modeled by open system behaviour under low fluid-rock ratio (< 10) conditions following a period of lower-temperature weathering of volcanics within the rift zone. The complex patterns of element enrichment and depletion and strontium isotope variations indicate mixing between pristine seawater and ascending hot fluids to produce a compositional spectrum of fluids. The precipitation of base-metal sulfides beneath the seafloor is probably a result of fluid mixing and cooling. If, as suggested here, the discharge zone alteration occurred under relatively low fluid-rock ratios, then this shallow region must play an important role in determining the exit composition of vent fluids in marine hydrothermal systems. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT GEOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP RIDLEY, WI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BRANCH GEOCHEM,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Perfit, Michael/0000-0002-1399-8928 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 11 BP 2477 EP 2494 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90025-6 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NR562 UT WOS:A1994NR56200006 ER PT J AU MCCARTHY, J PARSONS, T AF MCCARTHY, J PARSONS, T TI INSIGHTS INTO THE KINEMATIC CENOZOIC EVOLUTION OF THE BASIN AND RANGE-COLORADO PLATEAU TRANSITION FROM COINCIDENT SEISMIC-REFRACTION AND REFLECTION DATA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; WEST-CENTRAL ARIZONA; HIGHLY EXTENDED TERRANES; EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; CRUST-MANTLE BOUNDARY; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DETACHMENT FAULT; ORIGIN AB Estimates of surface extension in the southern Basin and Range province and transition into the Colorado Plateau range from a few percent to several hundred percent locally, yet the crustal thickness varies perhaps only 10-15 km across these provinces. Within the southern Basin and Range and the metamorphic core complex belt, extremely extended crust is directly juxtaposed against equally thick (or thinner) crust that underwent far milder extension. Unless preextension crustal thickness varied dramatically over a short distance, the crust must have maintained its thickness during extension, through mechanisms that involve crustal flow and magmatism. We employ a 300-km-long profile of seismic refraction and coincident vertical-incidence reflection data to investigate the geophysical signature of these processes from the extended southern Basin and Range province to the unextended Colorado Plateau. By integrating the seismic velocity with the pattern of reflectivity along the profile, we estimate the amounts of Tertiary magmatism and flow that have occurred. We estimate an upper bound of 8 km of mafic material intruded beneath the metamorphic core complex belt and 4 and 5 km of intruded material beneath the Transition Zone and southern Basin and Range province, respectively. We emphasize that this 8-km estimate is strictly an upper bound, and that the actual amount of magmatism was probably less (3 to 4 km). We further speculate that several kilometers of silicic rock was added to the metamorphic core complex belt via ductile flow. As suggested by numerous numerical models of crustal extension, we conclude that a mobile, felsic midcrustal layer accommodated most of this crustal flow. This ductile midcrustal layer appears to be thickest beneath the most extended terranes and thinnest beneath the less extended Transition Zone and Colorado Plateau. In contrast, the lowermost crust appears to have thinned passively in an amount that corresponds more directly to the regional surface extension. RP MCCARTHY, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 89 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 106 IS 6 BP 747 EP 759 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0747:IITKCE>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NP196 UT WOS:A1994NP19600002 ER PT J AU MADOLE, RF AF MADOLE, RF TI STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF DESERTIFICATION IN THE WEST-CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS WITHIN THE PAST 1000 YR SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Stratigraphic and geomorphic relations, archeological data, and eight radiocarbon ages at five widely scattered localities in northeastern Colorado indicate that eolian sand was mobilized over broad areas within the past 1000 yr. The mobilization began after 1 ka, was episodic, and ended at some as yet undetermined time prior to the latter part of the nineteenth century. Given that climate-model simulations suggest only slight variation in average surface temperature and annual precipitation in this region during the past 1000 yr, this part of the Great Plains evidently is near the threshold of widespread eolian sand transport under the present climate. RP MADOLE, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS 966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 18 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 6 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0483:SEODIT>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA NP194 UT WOS:A1994NP19400001 ER PT J AU SCHOUTEN, H KLITGORD, KD AF SCHOUTEN, H KLITGORD, KD TI MECHANISTIC SOLUTIONS TO THE OPENING OF THE GULF-OF-MEXICO SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; MICROPLATE; REGION AB Two mechanistic model-which are unlike the traditional plate-tectonic landfill models used for most proposed Pangea reconstructions of the Yucatan block-relate the Mesozoic opening of the Gulf of Mexico directly to the movement of the North and South American plates: (1) a previous piggyback model in which Yucatan moves with South America out of the western gulf and (2) a new edge-driven model in which the motion of the Yucatan block is caused by forces applied to its margins by the movement of the North and South American plates. In the second model, Yucatan moves out of the northern Gulf of Mexico as a gear or roller bearing. On the basis of magnetic edge anomalies around the gulf, this edge-driven model predicts that from the Bathonian to Tithonian (approximately 170 to approximately 150 Ma), Yucatan was rotated approximately 60-degrees counterclockwise as a rigid block between North and South America with rift propagation and extension occurring simultaneously in the Gulf of Mexico and Yucatan Basin. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP SCHOUTEN, H (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 6 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0507:MSTTOO>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA NP194 UT WOS:A1994NP19400007 ER PT J AU BEHRENDT, JC BLANKENSHIP, DD FINN, CA BELL, RE SWEENEY, RE HODGE, SM BROZENA, JM AF BEHRENDT, JC BLANKENSHIP, DD FINN, CA BELL, RE SWEENEY, RE HODGE, SM BROZENA, JM TI CASERTZ AEROMAGNETIC DATA REVEAL LATE CENOZOIC FLOOD BASALTS(QUESTIONABLE) IN THE WEST ANTARCTIC RIFT SYSTEM SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic activity of the enigmatic West Antarctic rift system, the least understood of the great active continental rifts, has been suggested to be plume driven. In 1991-1992, as part of the CASERTZ (Corridor Aerogeophysics of the Southeast Ross Transect Zone) program, an approximately 25 000 km aeromagnetic survey over the ice-covered Byrd subglacial basin shows magnetic ''texture'' critical to interpretations of the underlying extended volcanic terrane. The aeromagnetic data reveal numerous semicircular anomalies approximately 100-1100 nT in amplitude, interpreted as having volcanic sources at the base of the ice sheet; they are concentrated along north-trending magnetic lineations interpreted as rift fabric. Models constrained by coincident radar ice soundings indicate highly magnetic sources, with a probable high remanent magnetization in the present field direction, strongly suggesting a late Cenozoic age. Magnetic anomalies over exposed late Cenozoic volcanic rocks along part of the rift shoulder and in coastal Marie Byrd Land are similar in form and amplitude. The CASERTZ aeromagnetic results, combined with >100000 km of widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles, indicate at least 10(6) km3 of probable late Cenozoic volcanic rock (flood basalt?) in the West Antarctic rift beneath the ice sheet and Ross Ice Shelf. Comparison with other plumes in active rift areas (e.g., Yellowstone and East Africa) indicates that this volume estimate lies in the range of magma generation found in these other low-extension continental rifts. C1 UNIV TEXAS,INST GEOPHYS,AUSTIN,TX 78759. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY EARTH OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. US GEOL SURVEY,TACOMA,WA 98416. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP BEHRENDT, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Blankenship, Donald/G-5935-2010 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 6 BP 527 EP & DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0527:CADRLC>2.3.CO;2 PG 0 WC Geology SC Geology GA NP194 UT WOS:A1994NP19400012 ER PT J AU COLMAN, SM KEIGWIN, LD FORESTER, RM AF COLMAN, SM KEIGWIN, LD FORESTER, RM TI 2 EPISODES OF MELTWATER INFLUX FROM GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ INTO THE LAKE-MICHIGAN BASIN AND THEIR CLIMATIC CONTRASTS SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-OCEAN CIRCULATION; YOUNGER DRYAS; GREENLAND ICE; ATLANTIC; SEDIMENTS; RECORD; CORE AB Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz are recorded as prominent sedimentologic, isotopic, magnetic, and faunal signatures in southern Lake Michigan profundal sediments. As a tributary to the main path of eastward Lake Agassiz flow, southern Lake Michigan recorded only the largest, catastrophic discharges. The distinctive Wilmette Bed, a massive gray mud that interrupts laminated red glaciolacustrine clays, marks the first episode, which occurred near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cooling event. The associated discharge may have played a role in the inception or severity of the Younger Dryas event. An oxygen isotope excursion in biogenic carbonate and changes in ostracode assemblages mark the second episode, which appears to have had at least two pulses, dated by accelerator mass spectrometer C-14 ages on biogenic carbonate at about 8.9 and 8.6 ka. The second episode occurred during the early Holocene peak in global meltwater discharge and apparently had little widespread climatic or oceanographic effect. The contrast between the effects associated with these two episodes of meltwater discharge emphasizes the complexity of the ice sheet-ocean-climate system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP COLMAN, SM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 6 BP 547 EP 550 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0547:TEOMIF>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA NP194 UT WOS:A1994NP19400017 ER PT J AU TROUTMAN, BM KARLINGER, MR AF TROUTMAN, BM KARLINGER, MR TI STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY OF HORTON LAWS AND THE APPARENT RANDOMNESS OF STREAM CHANNEL NETWORKS - COMMENT SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Note ID GROWTH; MODELS RP TROUTMAN, BM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 418,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 6 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0573:SIOHSL>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA NP194 UT WOS:A1994NP19400025 ER PT J AU OLDALE, RN KNEBEL, HJ BOTHNER, MH AF OLDALE, RN KNEBEL, HJ BOTHNER, MH TI SUBMERGED AND ERODED DRUMLINS OFF NORTHEASTERN MASSACHUSETTS SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Streamlined, oval-shaped, oriented topographic highs in Massachusetts Bay are identified as the erosional remnants of drumlins. The topographic highs correlate with outlines of lag gravel deposits on the sea floor and both the highs and lag gravel seafloor footprint have a distinct east-southeast long axis trend. This trend is similar to the preferred orientation of the long axes of drumlins in the Boston Basin and indicates the flow direction of the late Wisconsinan Laurentide Ice Sheet. Modification of the drumlins occurred during two passages of the shoreline, the first during the late Wisconsinan marine regression when the drumlins were only slightly eroded. The second passage of the shoreline occurred during the marine transgression, when erosion, in the form of cliff-face retreat, removed the upper part of the drumlins. RP OLDALE, RN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 4 BP 301 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0169-555X(94)90051-5 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NW302 UT WOS:A1994NW30200003 ER PT J AU CORDELL, L AF CORDELL, L TI POTENTIAL-FIELD SOUNDING USING EULERS HOMOGENEITY EQUATION AND ZIDAROV BUBBLING SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Potential-field (gravity) data are transformed into a physical-property (density) distribution in a lower half-space, constrained solely by assumed upper bounds on physical-property contrast and data error. A two-step process is involved. The data are first transformed to an equivalent set of line (2-D case) or point (3-D case) sources, using Euler's homogeneity equation evaluated iteratively on the largest residual data value. Then, mass is converted to a volume-density product, constrained to an upper density bound, by ''bubbling,'' which exploits circular or radial expansion to redistribute density without changing the associated gravity field. The method can be developed for gravity or magnetic data in two or three dimensions. The results can provide a beginning for interpretation of potential-field data where few independent constraints exist, or more likely, can be used to develop models and confirm or extend interpretation of other geophysical data sets. RP CORDELL, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS-927,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUN PY 1994 VL 59 IS 6 BP 902 EP 908 DI 10.1190/1.1443649 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NQ413 UT WOS:A1994NQ41300004 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, MA DEAN, WE NEFF, ED HAY, BJ KING, J JONES, G AF ARTHUR, MA DEAN, WE NEFF, ED HAY, BJ KING, J JONES, G TI VARVE CALIBRATED RECORDS OF CARBONATE AND ORGANIC-CARBON ACCUMULATION OVER THE LAST 2000 YEARS IN THE BLACK-SEA SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; DEEP-WATER; PRODUCTIVITY; SEDIMENTARY; OCEANS; MATTER; DEPOSITION; SAPROPEL; ORIGIN AB Sedimentologic and geochemical studies of box and gravity cores recovered from the Black Sea during the first leg of a multileg international Black Sea expedition in 1988 allow reconstruction of the basinwide Holocene environmental history of the Black Sea. In the deeper parts of the basin, box cores typically recovered a flocculent surface layer (''fluff''), laminated coccolith marls of Unit I (25-45 cm thick), and the upper 5-10 cm of finely laminated, dark-colored sapropels of Unit II. Fine-grained, homogeneous mud turbidites are interbedded with Units I and II over much of the basin, but the stratigraphic position of these turbidites differs. from site to site. The deposition of individual turbidites up to 15 cm thick does not appear to have significantly disturbed underlying laminae. Sediment trap deployments in the Black Sea suggest that light and dark laminae couplets represent annual increments of sedimentation (i.e., varves); we have therefore constructed a varve chronology for the sequence in order to correlate and date distinctive sedimentation and paleoenvironmental events. Distinctive groups of laminae in Unit I can be correlated across the entire deeper basin (a distance of more than 1000 km). This implies a remarkable homogeneity in production, accumulation, and preservation of biogenic material over much of the Black Sea during deposition of Unit I. The change from deposition of finely laminated, organic carbon-rich sapropels (Unit II) to laminated, more calcareous, coccolith-rich marls (Unit I) is thought to represent the crossing of a salinity threshold for Emiliania huxleyi. The varve chronology sets this change at about 1.63 ka (1633+/-100 yr B.P.), but the record of magnetic secular variation measured in several cores produces an age estimate of about 2.0 ka for the base of Unit I, or about 1.2 times the varve age. The average of six calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages for the base of Unit I is 2.7 ka, or about 1.7 times the varve age. Following the initial change to coccolith-dominated sedimentation, deposition of sapropel resumed for at least one significant period, 1.56-1.25 ka. Since 1.25 ka, cycles of carbonate deposition with quasi-decadal periodicities have produced characteristic darker and lighter assemblages of laminae. These cycles may have been climatically driven. Geochemical analyses coupled with the varve ages adopted herein indicate that accumulation rates of carbonate are nearly an order of magnitude higher in Unit I (averaging 35-45 g m-2 yr-1) than in sapropelic Unit II, which contains primarily detrital carbonate. The accumulation of lithogenic components in parts of Unit I is only 1.5 times the rate in Unit II. Deepwater organic carbon accumulation rates are somewhat higher in Unit 1 (3.5-4.5 g m-2yr-1) than in the upper part of Unit II. Organic carbon accumulation rates in Unit I are somewhat antithetic to those of carbonate, and on the basis of this and additional constraints placed by pyrolysis and carbon isotopic analyses of organic material, it appears that terrestrial organic matter is an important component (perhaps >25%) of total organic carbon burial in the basin. Unit I in the western part of the Black Sea has a higher terrestrial organic component and higher accumulation rates of terrigenous clastic material than Unit I in the eastern part. This difference between eastern and western Black Sea is to be expected because of the major rivers that empty into the western Black Sea from eastern Europe, Ukraine, and Russia. Shallow slope sites, but still within euxinic bottom waters, have lower organic carbon accumulation rates and lower pyrolysis hydrogen indices than deepwater basinal sites, suggesting selective resuspension and oxidation of organic matter at basin margins and focusing of organic matter deposition toward the basin center. A comparison of the Black Sea data with those from several open-ocean sites with similar water depths showed no significant difference between organic carbon accumulation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. For a given bulk accumulation rate the organic carbon accumulation rates, normalized to primary productivity, are about the same in both settings. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP ARTHUR, MA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Arthur, Michael/E-2872-2014 OI Arthur, Michael/0000-0002-3028-6279 NR 83 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 195 EP 217 DI 10.1029/94GB00297 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NQ410 UT WOS:A1994NQ41000008 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, MG AF CHAPMAN, MG TI EVIDENCE, AGE, AND THICKNESS OF A FROZEN PALEOLAKE IN UTOPIA-PLANITIA, MARS SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID GROUND ICE INTERACTIONS; ELYSIUM PLANITIA; PLAINS AB Recent mapping studies west of Elysium Mons, Mars, have pinpointed subice features that suggest the existence of a frozen paleolake in Utopia Planitia as recently as 1.8 billion years ago. The subice features are interpreted to be hyaloclastic ridges and hills, table mountains, associated jokulhlaup deposits, and fluvial channels. Photoclinometric studies of these features and of a basal scarp around the northwest flank of Elysium Mons interpreted to have been an ice-sheet boundary indicate that the maximum thickness of ice within the basin may have been about 180 m. This thickness of ice during a relatively late stage of Martian geologic history would have important implications concerning the atmospheric, the climatic, and possibly the exobiologic history of the planet. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. RP CHAPMAN, MG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 2 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1006/icar.1994.1102 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA PC055 UT WOS:A1994PC05500014 ER PT J AU THIELER, ER DANFORTH, WW AF THIELER, ER DANFORTH, WW TI HISTORICAL SHORELINE MAPPING .1. IMPROVING TECHNIQUES AND REDUCING POSITIONING ERRORS SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; CARTOGRAPHY; COASTAL EROSION; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; SHORELINE CHANGE ID RECESSION AB A critical need exists among coastal researchers and policy-makers for a precise method to obtain shoreline positions from historical maps and aerial photographs. A number of methods that vary widely in approach and accuracy have been developed to meet this need. None of the existing methods, however, address the entire range of cartographic and photogrammetric techniques required for accurate coastal mapping. Thus, their application to many typical shoreline mapping problems is limited. In addition, no shoreline mapping technique provides an adequate basis for quantifying the many errors inherent in shoreline mapping using maps and air photos. As a result, current assessments of errors in ail photo mapping techniques generally (and falsely) assume that errors in shoreline positions rue represented by the sum of a series of worst-case assumptions about digitizer operator resolution and ground control accuracy. These assessments also ignore altogether other errors that commonly approach ground distances of 10 m. This paper provides a conceptual and analytical framework for improved methods of extracting geographic data from maps and aerial photographs. We also present a new approach to shoreline mapping using air photos that revises and extends a number of photogrammetric techniques. These techniques include (1) developing spatially and temporally overlapping control networks for large groups of photos; (2) digitizing air photos for use in shoreline mapping; (3) preprocessing digitized photos to remove lens distortion and film deformation effects; (4) simultaneous aerotriangulation of large groups of spatially and temporally overlapping photos; and (5) using a single-ray intersection technique to determine geographic shoreline coordinates and express the horizontal and vertical error associated with a given digitized shoreline. As long as historical maps and air photos are used in studies of shoreline change, there will be a considerable amount of error (on the order of several meters) present in shoreline position and rate-of-change calculations. The techniques presented in this paper, however, provide a means to reduce and quantify these errors so that realistic assessments of the technological noise (as opposed to geological noise) in geographic shoreline positions can be made. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP THIELER, ER (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROGRAM STUDY DEV SHORELINES,CAMPUS BOX 90228,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 34 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 549 EP 563 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA NU689 UT WOS:A1994NU68900003 ER PT J AU THIELER, ER DANFORTH, WW AF THIELER, ER DANFORTH, WW TI HISTORICAL SHORELINE MAPPING .2. APPLICATION OF THE DIGITAL SHORELINE MAPPING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEMS (DSMS DSAS) TO SHORELINE CHANGE MAPPING IN PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; CARTOGRAPHY; COASTAL EROSION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY; SHORELINE CHANGE AB A new, state-of-the-art method for mapping historical shorelines from maps and aerial photographs, the Digital Shoreline Mapping System (DSMS), has been developed. The DSMS is a freely available, public domain software package that meets the cartographic and photogrammetric requirements of precise coastal mapping, and provides a means to quantify and analyze different sources of error in the mapping process. The DSMS is also capable of resolving imperfections in aerial photography that commonly are assumed to be nonexistent. The DSMS utilizes commonly available computer hardware and software, and permits the entire shoreline mapping process to be executed rapidly by a single person in a small lab. The DSMS generates output shoreline position data that are compatible with a variety of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A second suite of programs, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) has been developed to calculate shoreline rates-of-change from a series of shoreline data residing in a GIS. Four rate-of-change statistics are calculated simultaneously (end-point rate, average of rates, linear regression and jackknife) at a user-specified interval along the shoreline using a measurement baseline approach. An example of DSMS and DSAS application using historical maps and air photos of Punts Uvero, Puerto Rico provides a basis for assessing the errors associated with the source materials as well as the accuracy of computed shoreline positions and erosion rates. The maps and photos used here represent a common situation in shoreline mapping: marginal-quality source materials. The maps and photos are near the usable upper limit of scale and accuracy, yet the shoreline positions are still accurate +/-9.25 m when all sources of error are considered. This level of accuracy yields a resolution of +/-0.51 m/yr For shoreline rates-oi-change in this example, and is sufficient to identify the short-term trend (36 years) of shoreline change in the study area. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTIC MARINE GEOL BRANCH,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP THIELER, ER (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROGRAM STUDY DEV SHORELINES,CAMPUS BOX 90228,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 18 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 600 EP 620 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA NU689 UT WOS:A1994NU68900007 ER PT J AU ROSTAD, CE PEREIRA, WE LEIKER, TJ AF ROSTAD, CE PEREIRA, WE LEIKER, TJ TI DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT OF SELECTED ANTHROPOGENIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS ON MISSISSIPPI RIVER SUSPENDED SEDIMENT (USA), MAY JUNE 1988 SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIBUTARIES; POLLUTANTS; SORPTION; SOILS AB The distribution and transport of selected hydrophobic halogenated organic compounds on suspended sediment from the lower Mississippi River were determined using discharge-weighted sampling with concurrent discharge measurements. Trends in compound concentration from upstream to downstream and the effects of selected tributaries were determined. The compounds identified on the suspended sediment include pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole, dacthal, chlordane (trans-), nonachlor (trans-), chlorthalonil, and penta-, hexa-, hepta- and octachlorobiphenyls. Loads of most of the compounds increased from upstream to downstream on the main stem of the Mississippi River. Of the tributaries studied, the Ohio River had the most significant effect on the loads. RP ROSTAD, CE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 408,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 175 EP 199 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA NU395 UT WOS:A1994NU39500004 ER PT J AU ZWANK, PJ KROEL, KW LEVIN, DM SOUTHWARD, GM ROMME, RC AF ZWANK, PJ KROEL, KW LEVIN, DM SOUTHWARD, GM ROMME, RC TI HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS OF MEXICAN SPOTTED OWLS IN SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOME-RANGE AB Nine radio-tagged Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) (four pairs, one mated female) were monitored from 101 to 301 d to determine seasonal home range sizes and roost and nest characteristics. Range sizes of individuals averaged 742 +/- 386 (SD) ha and of pairs 1178 +/- 332 ha. During the breeding season ranges of females (xBAR = 117 +/- 93 ha) were smaller than ranges of males (xBAR = 438 +/- 206 ha), but during the non-breeding season mean ranges did not differ (male 583 +/- 90; female 547 +/- 450). Home ranges were dominated by mixed-conifer forest in one drainage but were mixed-conifer, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). pinyon pine (P. edulis) and alligator juniper (Juniperus deppeana) in another drainage. Roost trees differed in height, canopy closure and basal area between drainages. No differences were noted between the heights of roosts of males and females or between heights of roosts during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Nests were in the midsection of large trees with high canopy closure. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,NEW MEXICO AGR EXPT STN,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. US FOREST SERV,LINCOLN NATL FOREST,MAYHILL,NM 88339. RP ZWANK, PJ (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 65 IS 3 BP 324 EP 334 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PC501 UT WOS:A1994PC50100004 ER PT J AU GRAND, JB FONDELL, TF AF GRAND, JB FONDELL, TF TI DECOY TRAPPING AND ROCKET-NETTING FOR NORTHERN PINTAILS IN SPRING SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARDS AB Decoy traps and rocket-nets were compared for capturing Northern Pintails (Anas acuta: hereafter pintails) during May 1991 on the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Males were captured at similar rates using both methods (1.38 vs. 1.07 males/trap d, respectively), but baited rocket-nets were more efficient than decoy traps for capturing females (0.52 vs. 0.12 females/trap d). There were no significant differences in masses of pintails captured by each method. RP GRAND, JB (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,1011 F TUDOR RD,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 65 IS 3 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PC501 UT WOS:A1994PC50100012 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, PM BRANDT, TM MAYES, KB HUTSON, P AF ROSENBLUM, PM BRANDT, TM MAYES, KB HUTSON, P TI ANNUAL CYCLES OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN HATCHERY-REARED FLORIDA LARGEMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS-SALMOIDES FLORIDANUS, RAISED ON FORAGE OR PELLETED DIETS SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; GONADOSOMATIC INDEX; MESENTERIC FAT INDEX; NUTRITION ID MALE ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHANNEL CATFISH; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; STEROID-HORMONES; BODY-COMPOSITION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SMALLMOUTH BASS; COHO SALMON C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HATCHERY & TECHNOL CTR,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE DEPT,DIV RESOURCE PROTECT,FRESHWATER STUDIES SECT,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE DEPT,AE WOOD STATE FISH HATCHERY,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666. RP ROSENBLUM, PM (reprint author), SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,HM FREEMAN AQUAT BIOL CTR,DEPT BIOL,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666, USA. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1059 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NT762 UT WOS:A1994NT76200011 ER PT J AU SERAFY, JE HARRELL, RM HURLEY, LM AF SERAFY, JE HARRELL, RM HURLEY, LM TI MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF HYDRILLA IN THE POTOMAC RIVER, MARYLAND - LOCAL IMPACTS ON VEGETATION AND ASSOCIATED FISHES SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTUARINE; PLANTS AB Tidal freshwater fish assemblages were sampled quantitatively from beds of Hydrilla verticillata in the Potomac River, Maryland, to assess local impacts of mechanical plant harvesting. Seasonal and diel estimates of fish density, biomass and species richness were compared at an undisturbed site and an adjacent mechanically harvested site. Harvesting had a ''pruning'' effect on Hydrilla: plant biomass levels at the harvested site exceeded those at the undisturbed site after periods > 23 d. Fish species composition at the two sites was very similar and species richness differences were minor. Significantly lower (P<0.05) mean fish density and biomass values were found at the harvested versus the undisturbed site < 23 d after plant removal. However, 43 d after plant removal, fish density was significantly higher (P<0.05) at the harvested site, while biomass differences were minor. Species-specific differences suggested that harvesting improved habitat for pelagic species (e.g., Menidia beryllina) but negatively affected cover-oriented species (e.g., Fundulus diaphanus). Results suggest impacts of mechanical harvesting on the fish assemblages investigated were short-term and minor at the local, community level. However, ten species were killed in the mechanical harvesting process. We estimated that this immediate loss represented 11-22% of fish numbers and 4-23% of biomass. Mechanical harvesting, when macrophyte beds are in short supply, may not be prudent. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CHESAPEAKE BAY ESTUARY PROGRAM,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1080/02705060.1994.9664440 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NW511 UT WOS:A1994NW51100006 ER PT J AU YOUD, TL HOLZER, TL AF YOUD, TL HOLZER, TL TI PIEZOMETER PERFORMANCE AT WILDLIFE LIQUEFACTION SITE, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB In response to an urgent need for field data from instrumented liquefaction sites, the U.S. Geological Survey in 1982 selected and instrumented a site in southern California called the Wildlife site. Two accelerometers (one at ground surface and one at a depth of 7.5 m) and six electrical pore-pressure transducers (five in a liquefiable silty sand layer) were placed at the site. The November 1987 Superstition Hills earthquake triggered sand boils and the desired instrumental response by generating excess pore-water pressure that approximately equaled the initial effective overburden pressure. These records are the first from a field site to trace ground motions and pore pressures through the entire liquefaction process. Because pore pressure continued to rise after most of the seismic energy had propagated through the site, questions about the fidelity of the pore-pressure records have been raised. Because of the importance of the Wildlife records, we reexamine pertinent aspects of the instruments and their placement, review their 1987 response, evaluate and respond to criticisms by Hushmand et al. (1992a, 1992b), and examine analyses of the records by other investigators that are pertinent to an evaluation of the fidelity of the piezometer records. This review concludes that no data or analyses have been developed that convincingly demonstrate that the pore-pressure piezometers responded incorrectly. Conversely, an analysis by Zeghal and Elgamal (1994) provides strong evidence that the piezometers responded with a high degree of fidelity. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP YOUD, TL (reprint author), BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,PROVO,UT 84602, USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9410 J9 J GEOTECH ENG-ASCE JI J. Geotech. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1994 VL 120 IS 6 BP 975 EP 995 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:6(975) PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA NM091 UT WOS:A1994NM09100003 ER PT J AU FRANSON, JC AF FRANSON, JC TI PARATHION POISONING OF MISSISSIPPI KITES IN OKLAHOMA SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE ICTINIA-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; MISSISSIPPI KITE; PARATHION; POISONING ID CANADA GEESE; TEXAS C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WILDLIFE HLTH RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53711. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 108 EP 109 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PB284 UT WOS:A1994PB28400006 ER PT J AU MULHERN, DW WATKINS, MA JENKINS, MA SHERROD, SK AF MULHERN, DW WATKINS, MA JENKINS, MA SHERROD, SK TI SUCCESSFUL NESTING BY A PAIR OF BALD EAGLES AT AGES 3 AND 4 SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Note DE BALD EAGLES; KANSAS; NESTING; PLUMAGE; SUBADULT C1 USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT BRANCH,KANSAS CITY,MO 64106. GM SUTTON AVIAN RES CTR INC,BARTLESVILLE,OK 74005. RP MULHERN, DW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,315 HOUSTON ST,SUITE E,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 113 EP 114 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA PB284 UT WOS:A1994PB28400008 ER PT J AU KEPPENNE, CL DETTINGER, MD GHIL, M AF KEPPENNE, CL DETTINGER, MD GHIL, M TI AN APPROACH TO STATISTICAL SPATIAL-TEMPORAL MODELING OF METEOROLOGICAL FIELDS - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SINGULAR-SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; TIME-SERIES; HEMISPHERE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. US GEOL SURVEHY,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123. RP KEPPENNE, CL (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 89 IS 426 BP 384 EP 387 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA NN155 UT WOS:A1994NN15500005 ER PT J AU KAISER, MS SPECKMAN, PL JONES, JR AF KAISER, MS SPECKMAN, PL JONES, JR TI STATISTICAL-MODELS FOR LIMITING NUTRIENT RELATIONS IN INLAND WATERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE EM ALGORITHM; LIMIT FUNCTION; MARGINAL MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; MIXTURE DISTRIBUTIONS ID PHOSPHORUS-CHLOROPHYLL RELATIONSHIP; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; LAKES; EUTROPHICATION; INFORMATION; PREDICTION; DEPENDENCE; ALPHA AB The ecological theory of limiting factors holds that the observed level of response in a biological process will be governed by the input factor in least supply-the limiting factor. This theory has formed the basis for numerous attempts by aquatic ecologists to describe the relation between the biological productivity of inland waters and the availability of plant nutrients required for algal growth. Regression analysis has been the primary statistical tool used in the development of such relations, yet any statistical model that represents the limiting effect of some explanatory factor as an expectation contradicts the substantive theory of limiting factors. Limnological data not resulting in an adequate regression of chlorophyll on phosphorus have been viewed as failing to support the limiting effect of this nutrient on algal biomass in lakes. But when represented by a more appropriate model, such data may be seen to provide similar evidence for the relation of chlorophyll to phosphorus as does data resulting in a strong regression. Data from limnological studies often exhibit a scatter of points distributed in the shape of a triangle lying beneath an upper boundary. Appropriate models for such data are introduced to describe the upper boundary or potential limit, the distribution of points falling below the limit, and the degree of random error. An application of the EM algorithm provides marginal maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in the more complex models considered. Several results are given for the models, including a goodness-of-fit diagnostic and estimation of the Large-sample parameter covariance matrix. Application of the models is illustrated by fitting empirical relationships between chlorophyll and the plant nutrient phosphorus in temperate lakes. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT STAT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KAISER, MS (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 89 IS 426 BP 410 EP 423 DI 10.2307/2290841 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA NN155 UT WOS:A1994NN15500011 ER PT J AU CASHMAN, KV MANGAN, MT NEWMAN, S AF CASHMAN, KV MANGAN, MT NEWMAN, S TI SURFACE DEGASSING AND MODIFICATIONS TO VESICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN ACTIVE BASALT FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERBUBBLE GAS-DIFFUSION; DE-FUCA RIDGE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; DISTRIBUTION CSD; LAVA FLOWS; HAWAII; DYNAMICS; GLASSES AB The character of the vesicle population in lava flows includes several measurable parameters that may provide important constraints on lava flow dynamics and rheology. Interpretation of vesicle size distributions (VSDs), however, requires an understanding of vesiculation processes in feeder conduits, and of post-eruption modifications to VSDs during transport and emplacement. To this end we collected samples from active basalt flows at Kilauea Volcano: (1) near the effusive Kupaianaha vent; (2) through skylights in the approximately isothermal Wahaula and Kamoamoa tube systems transporting lava to the coast; (3) from surface breakouts at different locations along the lava tubes; and (4) from different locations in a single breakout from a lava tube 1 km from the 51 vent at Pu'u 'O' o. Near-vent samples are characterized by VSDs that show exponentially decreasing numbers of vesicles with increasing vesicle size. These size distributions suggest that nucleation and growth of bubbles were continuous during ascent in the conduit, with minor associated bubble coalescence resulting from differential bubble rise. The entire vesicle population can be attributed to shallow exsolution of H2O-dominated gases at rates consistent with those predicted by simple diffusion models. Measurements of H2O, CO2 and S in the matrix glass show that the melt equilibrated rapidly at atmospheric pressure. Down-tube samples maintain similar VSD forms but show a progressive decrease in both overall vesicularity and mean vesicle size. We attribute this change to open system, ''passive'' rise and escape of larger bubbles to the surface. Such gas loss from the tube system results in the output of 1.2 x 10(6) g/day SO2, an output representing an addition of approximately 1% to overall volatile budget calculations. A steady increase in bubble number density with downstream distance is best explained by continued bubble nucleation at rates of 7-8/cm's. Rates are approximately 25% of those estimated from the vent samples, and thus represent volatile supersaturations considerably less than those of the conduit. We note also that the small total volume represented by this new bubble population does not: (1) measureably deplete the melt in volatiles; or (2) make up for the overall vesicularity decrease resulting from the loss of larger bubbles. Surface breakout samples have distinctive VSDs characterized by an extreme depletion in the small vesicle population. This results in samples with much lower number densities and larger mean vesicle sizes than corresponding tube samples. Similar VSD patterns have been observed in solidified lava flows and are interpreted to result from either static (wall rupture) or dynamic (bubble rise and capture) coalescence. Through comparison with vent and tube vesicle populations, we suggest that, in addition to coalescence, the observed vesicle populations in the breakout samples have experienced a rapid loss of small vesicles consistent with 'ripening' of the VSD resulting from interbubble diffusion of volatiles. Confinement of ripening features to surface flows suggests that the thin skin that forms on surface breakouts may play a role in the observed VSD modification. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAII VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. CALTECH,DEPT GEOPHYS & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP CASHMAN, KV (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,DEPT GEOL SCI,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA. NR 58 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 68 DI 10.1016/0377-0273(94)00015-8 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NW872 UT WOS:A1994NW87200002 ER PT J AU LEE, MW HUTCHINSON, DR AGENA, WF DILLON, WP MILLER, JJ SWIFT, BA AF LEE, MW HUTCHINSON, DR AGENA, WF DILLON, WP MILLER, JJ SWIFT, BA TI SEISMIC CHARACTER OF GAS HYDRATES ON THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE BOTTOM SIMULATING REFLECTION; GAS HYDRATE; AMPLITUDE BLANKING; SEISMIC CHARACTERISTICS ID METHANE HYDRATE; OUTER RIDGE; RESERVOIR; VELOCITY; HORIZONS; DEPTH; ZONE AB Gas hydrates are stable at relatively low temperature and high pressure conditions; thus large amounts of hydrates can exist in sediments within the upper several hundred meters below the sea floor. The existence of gas hydrates has been recognized and mapped mostly on the basis of high amplitude Bottom Simulating Reflections (BSRs) which indicate only that an acoustic contrast exists at the lower boundary of the region of gas hydrate stability. Other factors such as amplitude blanking and change in reflection characteristics in sediments where a BSR would be expected, which have not been investigated in detail, are also associated with hydrated sediments and potentially disclose more information about the nature of hydrate-cemented sediments and the amount of hydrate present. Our research effort has focused on a detailed analysis of multichannel seismic profiles in terms of reflection character, inferred distribution of free gas underneath the BSR, estimation of elastic parameters, and spatial variation of blanking. This study indicates that continuous-looking BSRs in seismic profiles are highly segmented in detail and that the free gas underneath the hydrated sediment probably occurs as patches of gas-filled sediment having variable thickness. We also present an elastic model for various types of sediments based on seismic inversion results. The BSR from sediments of high ratio of shear to compressional velocity, estimated as about 0.52, encased in sediments whose ratios are less than 0.35 is consistent with the interpretation of gas-filled sediments underneath hydrated sediments. This model contrasts with recent results in which the BSR is explained by increased concentrations of hydrate near the base of the hydrate stability field and no underlying free gas is required. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP LEE, MW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 960,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 16 IS 3 BP 163 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF01237512 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA NP927 UT WOS:A1994NP92700001 ER PT J AU DOE, BR AF DOE, BR TI HOUTERMANS,FRITZ IN BAD TIMES AND GOOD SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter RP DOE, BR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD JUN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NQ893 UT WOS:A1994NQ89300030 ER PT J AU GEIST, EL SCHOLL, DW AF GEIST, EL SCHOLL, DW TI LARGE-SCALE DEFORMATION RELATED TO THE COLLISION OF THE ALEUTIAN ARC WITH KAMCHATKA SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISMS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RHEOLOGY; MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; CONTINENTAL DEFORMATION; NORTHEAST ASIA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; CONTINUUM MODELS; SUBDUCTION ZONES; COMMANDER REGION; PLATE BOUNDARY AB The far western Aleutian Island Arc is actively colliding with Kamchatka. Westward motion of the Aleutian Arc is brought about by the tangential relative motion of the Pacific plate transferred to major, right-lateral shear zones north and south of the arc. Early geologic mapping of Cape Kamchatka (a promontory of Kamchatka along strike with the Aleutian Arc) revealed many similarities to the geology of the Aleutian Islands. Later studies support the notion that Cape Kamchatka is the farthest west Aleutian ''island'' and that it has been accreted to Kamchatka by the process of arc-continent collision. Deformation associated with the collision onshore Kamchatka includes gravimetrically determined crustal thickening and formation of a narrow thrust belt of intensely deformed rocks directly west of Cape Kamchatka. The trend of the thrust faults is concave toward the collision zone, indicating a radial distribution of maximum horizontal compressive stress. Offshore, major crustal faults trend either oblique to the Kamchatka margin or parallel to major Aleutian shear zones. These offshore faults are complex, accommodating both strike-slip and thrust displacements as documented by focal mechanisms and seismic reflection data. Earthquake activity is much higher in the offshore region within a zone bounded to the north by the northernmost Aleutian shear zone and to the west by an apparent aseismic front. Analysis of focal mechanisms in the region indicate that the present-day arc-continent ''contact zone'' is located directly east of Cape Kamchatka. In modeling the dynamics of the collision zone using thin viscous sheet theory, the rheological parameters are only partially constrained to values of n (the effective power law exponent) greater-than-or-equal-to 3 and Ar (the Argand number) less-than-or-equal-to 30. These values are consistent with a forearc thermal profile of Kamchatka, previously determined from heat flow modeling. The thin viscous sheet modeling also indicates that onshore thrust faulting is a consequence, not only of compressive stresses resulting from the west directed collision, but also of sediment-induced coupling of the subducting Pacific plate. RP GEIST, EL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 104 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD JUN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 3 BP 538 EP 560 DI 10.1029/94TC00428 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NR233 UT WOS:A1994NR23300003 ER PT J AU RUMSEY, GL SIWICKI, AK ANDERSON, DP BOWSER, PR AF RUMSEY, GL SIWICKI, AK ANDERSON, DP BOWSER, PR TI EFFECT OF SOYBEAN PROTEIN ON SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE, NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE-MECHANISMS, GROWTH, AND PROTEIN-UTILIZATION IN RAINBOW-TROUT SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CHANNEL CATFISH; MEAL; FISH; GAIRDNERI; HYPERSENSITIVITY; METABOLISM; MEMBRANES AB Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed chemically and immunologically defined diets containing either a low-temperature fish meal or soybean preparations containing high (SBM) or low levels of the globular antigenic proteins glycinin (G) and beta-conglycinin (BC) for 26 weeks. While trout fed both soybean preparations exhibited poorer growth than those fed fish meal, those fed the soya diet with high levels of G and BC showed the most significant growth diminution, elevated feed conversion and impaired utilization of dietary protein. Changes in intestinal morphology were also observed in fish fed the SBM diet, coinciding with the inferior nutritional performance. Several serologic and non-specific immune defense mechanisms were monitored. Cell counts showed increased leukocyte cell numbers as well as increased concentrations of plasma protein and immunoglobulin in the soya-fed fish. Increased neutrophil, monocyte and macrophage activity, as assessed by several oxidative radical production and phagocytic index assays, were higher in the soya-fed fish, possibly indicating an inflammatory or hypersensitivity response. The results of this study suggest that antigenic soya protein affects non-specific defense mechanisms, growth performance, and protein utilization in rainbow trout. Furthermore, it would appear that dietary sensitivity can be overcome by process removal of this immunologically characterized antigen in soybean protein. Serological and immunological assessments appear to be very useful criteria for evaluating various protein sources for fishes. C1 INLAND FISHERIES INST,ICHTHYOPATHOL & IMMUNOL LAB,PL-05500 PIASECZNO,POLAND. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT AVIAN & AQUAT ANIM MED,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RUMSEY, GL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,3075 GRACIE RD,CORTLAND,NY 13045, USA. NR 65 TC 104 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 339 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90105-8 PG 17 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA NQ525 UT WOS:A1994NQ52500010 PM 7941311 ER PT J AU EKWURZEL, B SCHLOSSER, P SMETHIE, WM PLUMMER, LN BUSENBERG, E MICHEL, RL WEPPERNIG, R STUTE, M AF EKWURZEL, B SCHLOSSER, P SMETHIE, WM PLUMMER, LN BUSENBERG, E MICHEL, RL WEPPERNIG, R STUTE, M TI DATING OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER - COMPARISON OF THE TRANSIENT TRACERS H-3 /H-E-3 CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS, AND KR-85 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; OXYGEN UTILIZATION; NORWEGIAN SEAS; BORDEN AQUIFER; HE-3; TRITIUM; WATER; OCEAN; VENTILATION; CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES AB This paper describes a direct comparison of apparent ages derived from H-3/He-3, chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2), and Kr-85 measurements in shallow groundwater. Wells chosen for this study are completed in the unconfined surficial aquifers in late Cenozoic Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula, on the east coast of the United States. Most of the apparent tracer ages agree within 2 years of each other for recharge dates between 1965 and 1990. Discrepancies in apparent tracer ages usually can be explained by hydrological processes such as mixing in a discharge area. Recharge rate calculations based on apparent tracer age gradients at multilevel well locations agree with previous recharge estimates. High recharge rates on the Delmarva Peninsula result in nearly complete dissolved-gas confinement in the groundwater. The remarkable agreement between the different tracer ages indicates negligible mixing of waters of different ages, insignificant dispersion, minimal gas loss to the atmosphere, and insignificant sorption-desorption processes at this location. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10027. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP EKWURZEL, B (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,ROUTE 9W,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. RI Schlosser, Peter/C-6416-2012 OI Schlosser, Peter/0000-0002-6514-4203 NR 64 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1693 EP 1708 DI 10.1029/94WR00156 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NN744 UT WOS:A1994NN74400005 ER PT J AU SCHOOLEY, RL MCLAUGHLIN, CR MATULA, GJ KROHN, WB AF SCHOOLEY, RL MCLAUGHLIN, CR MATULA, GJ KROHN, WB TI DENNING CHRONOLOGY OF FEMALE BLACK BEARS - EFFECTS OF FOOD, WEATHER, AND REPRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE URSUS-AMERICANUS; BLACK BEARS; MAINE; HIBERNATION; DENNING; MAST; FAGUS-GRANDIFOLIA ID URSUS-AMERICANUS; SEED; ECOLOGY AB We studied factors affecting the chronology of denning by 104 female black bears (Ursus americanus) from three areas in Maine from 1982 to 1988. At two areas in northern Maine, entry into dens followed an alternate-year pattern with most bears denning in mid to late October when beechnuts (Fagus grandifolia) were scarce, and in mid to late November the next year when nuts were abundant. This pattern may have occurred for greater-than-or-equal-to 11 years and has not been reported previously for a black bear population. From 1986 to 1988, patterns of habitat use reflected another behavioral response to beechnut crops; bears used hardwood forests more during autumns when nuts were abundant. Annual variation in den entry was not strongly associated with weather patterns during autumn. Where beech trees were less common in central Maine, den entry and habitat use varied less among years. Pregnant females tended to den earlier than other females. Den emergence was similar among reproductive classes, generally occurring during April within 7 days of the final snow melt. Denning periods for individuals ranged from 134 to 197 days. We concluded that black bears generally remain active in autumn until a negative energy balance occurs, but we hypothesized that pregnant females may den after they store adequate fat reserves for reproduction. C1 UNIV MAINE, DEPT WILDLIFE, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. MAINE DEPT INLAND FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, BANGOR, ME 04401 USA. UNIV MAINE, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, MAINE COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT, ORONO, ME 04469 USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY 31 PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 466 EP 477 DI 10.2307/1382569 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NQ195 UT WOS:A1994NQ19500026 ER PT J AU SCHWEIG, ES ELLIS, MA AF SCHWEIG, ES ELLIS, MA TI RECONCILING SHORT RECURRENCE INTERVALS WITH MINOR DEFORMATION IN THE NEW MADRID SEISMIC ZONE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN TENNESSEE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKES; FAULT; LIQUEFACTION; STRESS; GREAT; MODEL AB At least three great earthquakes occurred in the New Madrid seismic zone in 1811 and 1812. Estimates of present-day strain rates suggest that such events may have a repeat time of 1000 years or less. Paleoseismological data also indicate that earthquakes large enough to cause soil liquefaction have occurred several times in the past 5000 years. However, pervasive crustal deformation expected from such a high frequency of large earthquakes is not observed. This suggests that the seismic zone is a young feature, possibly as young as several tens of thousands of years old and no more than a few million years old. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP SCHWEIG, ES (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MEMPHIS,TN 38152, USA. NR 47 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 27 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5163 BP 1308 EP 1311 DI 10.1126/science.264.5163.1308 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NN767 UT WOS:A1994NN76700039 PM 17780849 ER PT J AU THORPE, AN SENFTLE, FE MAY, L BARKATT, A ADELHADADI, MA MARBURY, GS IZETT, GA MAURRASSE, FR AF THORPE, AN SENFTLE, FE MAY, L BARKATT, A ADELHADADI, MA MARBURY, GS IZETT, GA MAURRASSE, FR TI COMPARISON OF THE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AND MOSSBAUER ANALYSIS OF GLASS FROM THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY, BELOC, HAITI, WITH TEKTITES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID IMPACT GLASSES AB The magnetic properties of black Beloc glass have been measured. The Curie constant, the magnetization, and the magnetic susceptibility of the Beloc glass fall within the known ranges observed for tektites. However, the temperature-independent component of the magnetic susceptibility is slightly higher than that found for tektites. Moreover, it is not possible to match the experimental magnetic data for the Beloc glass with the calculated values using the previously reported Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of 0.7. The oxidation state of Fe was therefore redetermined by Mossbauer measurements, and the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio was found to be 0.024 +/- 0.015. Using the redetermined value of the ratio, the magnetic parameters were again calculated using formulas that are applicable to tektites, and good agreement was found between the calculated and experimental values. The experimental magnetic measurements and the redetermined Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of the Beloc glass specimens are essentially the same as those found for tektite glass. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. FLORIDA INT UNIV,MIAMI,FL 33199. RP THORPE, AN (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 25 PY 1994 VL 99 IS E5 BP 10881 EP 10886 DI 10.1029/94JE00638 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NQ252 UT WOS:A1994NQ25200003 ER PT J AU STROM, RG SCHABER, GG DAWSON, DD AF STROM, RG SCHABER, GG DAWSON, DD TI THE GLOBAL RESURFACING OF VENUS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MAGELLAN DATA; MANTLE CONVECTION; IMPACT CRATERS; ATLA-REGIO; BETA-REGIO; MARS; VOLCANISM; EMPLACEMENT; FEATURES; RATES AB The impact cratering record on Venus is unique among the terrestrial planets. Fully 84% of the craters are in pristine condition, and only 12% are fractured. Remarkably, only 2.5% of the craters and crater-related features are embayed by lava, although intense volcanism and tectonism have affected the entire planet. Furthermore, the spatial and hypsometric distribution of the craters is consistent with a completely random one, including stochastic variations. Monte Carlo simulations of equilibrium resurfacing models result in a minimum of 17 times more embayed craters than observed, or unobserved nonrandom crater distributions for resurfacing areas between 0.03% and 100% of the planet's surface. These models also are not consistent with the number and nonrandom distribution of volcanoes, and the nonrandom distribution of embayed and heavily fractured craters. The constraints imposed by the cratering record strongly indicate that Venus experienced a global resurfacing event about 300 m.y. ago followed by a dramatic reduction of volcanism and tectonism. This global resurfacing event ended abruptly (<10 m.y.). The present crater population has accumulated since then and remains largely intact. Thermal history models suggest that similar global resurfacing events probably occurred episodically in the past. The tesserae statistically have the same average surface age (crater retention age) as the rest of the planet, but they probably represent older rock units deformed by earlier episodes of global resurfacing. Although they largely survived the latest global resurfacing event, their surfaces were severely deformed by it. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that only about 4%-6% of the planet has been volcanically resurfaced since the global event, and that the lava production rate has been no more than 0.01-0.15 km 3/yr during this time. This rate is significantly less than the current rate of intraplate volcanism on Earth (0.33-0.5 km3/yr). Most of Venus' recent volcanism occurs in the Beta-Atla-Themis region, and most of the recent tectonism is associated with the major global-scale tectonic disruption zones that lie within and connect the equatorial highlands. The approximately 33% of the planet's surface bounded by latitudes 30-degrees-N and 30-degrees-S, longitudes 60-degrees and 300-degrees-E contains twice as many heavily fractured craters and 1.4 times more lava-embayed craters as the planetary average. This region includes most of the major tectonic belts in the equatorial region. Because the craters are indistinguishable from a statistically random distribution, both spatially and hypsometrically, this concentration of strongly fractured and embayed craters is considered indicative of a continuing low level of limited extension and volcanic activity in this region over the past 300 m.y. However, these craters are simply fractured and/or embayed, and very few have been subjected to complete tectonic disruption, complete burial, and subsequent removal from the surface, as was the case during the global resurfacing event. We show that neither the present level and style of geologic activity nor anything less than global resurfacing could have produced the observed cratering record. The effects of recent geologic activity are much less than those of the earlier global resurfacing event, when the record of all the early heavy bombardment and much of the later light bombardment was erased from the surface by massive volcanism and tectonic activity. Episodic regional resurfacing events that had global effects also occurred on Earth (e.g., the mid-Cretaceous superplume) and probably on Mars. On Mars they may have triggered the catastrophic releases of water that formed the outflow channels. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH ASTROGEOL,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP STROM, RG (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANETARY SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 67 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 9 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 25 PY 1994 VL 99 IS E5 BP 10899 EP 10926 DI 10.1029/94JE00388 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NQ252 UT WOS:A1994NQ25200005 ER PT J AU HUBERT, WA HARRIS, DD WESCHE, TA AF HUBERT, WA HARRIS, DD WESCHE, TA TI DIURNAL SHIFTS IN USE OF SUMMER HABITAT BY AGE-0 BROWN TROUT IN A REGULATED MOUNTAIN STREAM SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SUB-ALPINE; STREAM; BROWN TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; HABITAT ID SALMO-TRUTTA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; FRY; CHANNELS; FEATURES; GRADIENT; ECOLOGY AB Diurnal shifts in habitat use by age-0 (< 50 mm total length) brown trout (Salmo trutta) were observed from June to July 1989 and 1990 in low-gradient (< 1% channel slope) reaches of Douglas Creek, Medicine Bow National Forest, Wyoming. Fish were visually located during day and night, and water depth, water velocity, distance from the stream edge, substrate, habitat type, and cover were determined at each location. The fish were found predominantly in locations with slow water velocities in stream-margin and backwater-pool habitats. They were observed in slower water, closer to the stream edge at night than during the day. C1 UNIV WYOMING,WYOMING WATER RESOURCES CTR,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT RANGE MANAGEMENT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP HUBERT, WA (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAY 20 PY 1994 VL 284 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF00006886 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NR103 UT WOS:A1994NR10300004 ER PT J AU BELTON, MJS GREELEY, R GREENBERG, R MCEWEN, A KLAASEN, KP HEAD, JW PIETERS, C NEUKUM, G CHAPMAN, CR GEISSLER, P HEFFERNAN, C BRENEMAN, H ANGER, C CARR, MH DAVIES, ME FANALE, FP GIERASCH, PJ INGERSOLL, AP JOHNSON, TV PILCHER, CB THOMPSON, WR VEVERKA, J SAGAN, C AF BELTON, MJS GREELEY, R GREENBERG, R MCEWEN, A KLAASEN, KP HEAD, JW PIETERS, C NEUKUM, G CHAPMAN, CR GEISSLER, P HEFFERNAN, C BRENEMAN, H ANGER, C CARR, MH DAVIES, ME FANALE, FP GIERASCH, PJ INGERSOLL, AP JOHNSON, TV PILCHER, CB THOMPSON, WR VEVERKA, J SAGAN, C TI GALILEO MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING OF THE NORTH POLAR AND EASTERN LIMB REGIONS OF THE MOON SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUNAR IMPACT BASINS; MARE VOLCANISM; WESTERN LIMB; DEPOSITS; CRATERS; STRATIGRAPHY; ERUPTION; ORIGIN; FLYBY; EARTH AB Multispectral images obtained during the Galileo probe's second encounter with the moon reveal the compositional nature of the north polar regions and the northeastern limb. Mare deposits in these regions are found to be primarily low to medium titanium lavas and, as on the western limb, show only slight spectral heterogeneity. The northern light plains are found to have the spectral characteristics of highlands materials, show little evidence for the presence of cryptomaria, and were most likely emplaced by impact processes regardless of their age. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. DEUTSCH FORSCHUNGSANSTALT LUFT & RAUMFAHRT,W-8031 OBERPFAFFENHOFEN,GERMANY. PLANETARY SCI INST,TUCSON,AZ 85719. INST SPACE & TERR SCI,CONCORD L4K 3C8,ON,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. UNIV HAWAII MANOA,INST GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,ITHACA,NY 14853. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. NASA HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. RP BELTON, MJS (reprint author), NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 20 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5162 BP 1112 EP 1115 DI 10.1126/science.264.5162.1112 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NM146 UT WOS:A1994NM14600022 PM 17744892 ER PT J AU DVORAK, J AF DVORAK, J TI AN EARTHQUAKE CYCLE ALONG THE SOUTH FLANK OF KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID POSITIONING SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; MAGMA; RIFT AB The intrusion of magma that led to the beginning of the January 3, 1983, eruption along the middle east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, resulted in widening of the rift zone and compression of the adjacent portion of the south flank of the volcanic edifice. An earlier rift zone event, and subsequent eruption, on September 12, 1977, probably had a similar effect on the south flank. The compression built up since 1977 was relieved by a M = 6.1 earthquake on June 26. 1989. Horizontal displacements associated with the earthquake, determined by using the Global Positioning System (GPS), indicated seaward movement of the south flank of as much as 300 mm. Vertical displacements, measured by a conventional leveling technique and by GPS, indicated subsidence of as much as 250 mm near the east edge of the aftershock zone. These ground displacements can be modeled by horizontal slip of 1.2 m at an average depth of 6 km. The geodetic moment was 1 X 10(26) dyn cm, a factor of 2 greater than the seismic moment, indicating a significant amount of ground movement was aseismic. The geodetic moment associated with the 1977 and 1983 rift zone events was about 0.8 x 10(26) dyn cm, nearly equal to the geodetic moment of the 1989 south flank earthquake. The 6-km depth of average slip during the earthquake was well above the 9-km depth of the base of the volcano, which indicates the average depth where strain was released by the 1989 earthquake was well within the volcanic edifice. The strain released by the earthquake, and the initial compression caused by rift zone intrusions, occurred over a range of depths, indicating the south flank behaves more as a large elastic spring coupled to a sliding mass rather than a rigid block sliding along the base of the volcano. RP DVORAK, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV, 5400 MACARTHUR BLVD, VANCOUVER, WA 98661 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B5 BP 9533 EP 9541 DI 10.1029/94JB00040 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NL920 UT WOS:A1994NL92000036 ER PT J AU PIPER, DZ AF PIPER, DZ TI SEAWATER AS THE SOURCE OF MINOR ELEMENTS IN BLACK SHALES, PHOSPHORITES AND OTHER SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SUBMARINE HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; MARINE GEOCHEMISTRY; PARTICULATE MATTER; EARLY DIAGENESIS; CARIACO TRENCH; ORGANIC-MATTER; TRACE-METALS; BASIN AB Many of the minor elements in seawater today have a concentration-depth profile similar to that of the biologically essential nutrients, NO3- and PO43-. They show a relative depletion in the photic zone and enrichment in the deep ocean. The difference between their surface- and deep-ocean values, normalized to the change in PO43-, approaches the average of measured minor-element: P ratios in marine plankton, although individual analyses of the latter show extreme scatter for a variety of reasons. Despite this scatter in the minor-element analyses of plankton, agreement between the two sets of data shows unequivocally that an important marine flux of many minor elements through the ocean is in the form of biogenic matter, with a composition approaching that of plankton. This interpretation is further supported by sediment studies, particularly of sediments which accumulate in shelf-slope environments where biological productivity in the photic zone is exceptionally high and organic carbon contents of the underlying sediment elevated. The interelement relations observed for some of these sediments approach the average values of plankton. These same interelement relations are observed in many marine sedimentary rocks such as metalliferous black shales and phosphorites, rocks which have a high content of marine fractions (e.g., organic matter, apatite, biogenic silica and carbonates). Many previous studies of the geochemistry of these rocks have concluded that local hydrothermal activity, and/or seawater with an elemental content different from that of the modern ocean, was required to account for their minor-element contents. However, the similarity in several of the minor-element ratios in many of these formations to minor-element ratios in modem plankton demonstrates that these sedimentary rocks accumulated in environments whose marine chemistry was virtually identical to that seen on continental shelf-slopes, or in marginal seas, of the ocean today. The accumulation of the marine fraction of minor elements on these ancient sea floors was determined largely by the accumulation of organic matter, settling from the photic zone and with a composition of average plankton. A second marine fraction of minor elements in these rocks accumulated through precipitation and adsorption from seawater. The suite of elements in this fraction reflects redox conditions in the bottom water, as determined by bacterial respiration. For example, high Mn, high Cr + V and high Mo concentrations, above those which can be attributed to the accumulation of planktonic matter, characterize accumulation under bottom-water oxidizing, denitrifying and sulfate-reducing conditions, respectively. RP PIPER, DZ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 109 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 EI 1878-5999 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 5 PY 1994 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90044-2 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NJ549 UT WOS:A1994NJ54900007 ER PT J AU SPIKER, EC PIERCE, BS BATES, AL STANTON, RW AF SPIKER, EC PIERCE, BS BATES, AL STANTON, RW TI ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE FOR THE SOURCE OF SULFUR IN THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED (WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, USA) SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMISTRY; COMBUSTION; SULFIDES; ILLINOIS; DIOXIDE; ORIGIN; PYRITE; REGION; OXIDE AB Sulfur isotopic variations were used to determine the sources of sulfur in a medium-sulfur coal (approximately 2 wt% S) that lacked marine influence, which is often cited as a major source of sulfur in coal. Variations in the amount and isotopic composition of the organic and pyritic sulfur among the coal-bed facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed (Middle Pennsylvanian) are attributed to differential incorporation of syngenetic and epigenetic sulfur. These variations reflect varying environmental conditions during paleopeat formation, porosity and permeability, and the availability of sulfate and iron. A large increase in the abundance and sulfur isotopic value of pyritic sulfur in the upper facies of the coal bed, in proximity to the overlying lacustrine shale, corresponds to an increase in massive and irregular forms of pyrite. This relationship is attributed to at least two stages of epigenetic pyrite incorporation. An early stage of epigenetic pyrite, moderately enriched in S-34, apparently formed during the fluvial-lacustrine period immediately following peat accumulation. A late stage of epigenetic pyrite, highly enriched in S-34, formed after compaction of the original peat as cleat- and fracture-filling pyrite; this sulfur was probably derived from bacterial reduction of dissolved sulfate in groundwater. Isotopic mass-balance calculations indicate that this late-stage epigenetic pyrite may account for up to approximately 50% of the pyritic sulfur in some upper facies of the coal bed. these results suggest that most of the pyritic sulfur in the Upper Freeport coal bed may be epigenetic, incorporated either soon after peat accumulation or later during coalification. RP SPIKER, EC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,956 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 5 PY 1994 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90045-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NJ549 UT WOS:A1994NJ54900008 ER PT J AU STEWART, DB AF STEWART, DB TI MEMORIAL OF NOLAN,THOMAS,BRENNAN 1901-1992 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP STEWART, DB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 79 IS 5-6 BP 575 EP 576 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA NR968 UT WOS:A1994NR96800020 ER PT J AU STANLEY, TR SPANN, JW SMITH, GJ ROSSCOE, R AF STANLEY, TR SPANN, JW SMITH, GJ ROSSCOE, R TI MAIN AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF ARSENIC AND SELENIUM ON MALLARD REPRODUCTION AND DUCKLING GROWTH AND SURVIVAL SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC BIRDS; KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; DIETARY SELENIUM; PHYSIOLOGY AB Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) occur together in high concentrations in the environment and can accumulate in aquatic plants and invertebrates consumed by waterfowl. Ninety-nine pairs of breeding mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed diets supplemented with As (sodium arsenate) at 0, 25, 100, or 400 mu g/g, in combination with Se (seleno-DL-methionine) at 0 or 10 mu g/g, in a replicated factorial experiment. Ducklings produced were placed on the same treatment combination as their parents. Arsenic accumulated in adult liver and egg, reduced adult weight gain and liver weight, delayed the onset of egg laying, decreased whole egg weight, and caused eggshell thinning. Arsenic did not affect hatching success and was not teratogenic. In ducklings, As accumulated in the liver and reduced body weight, growth, and liver weight. Arsenic did not increase duckling mortality, but it did decrease overall duckling production. Selenium accumulated in adult liver and egg, was teratogenic, and decreased hatching success. Selenium did not affect adult weight, liver weight, survival, onset of egg laying, egg fertility, egg weight, or eggshell thickness. In ducklings, Se accumulated in the liver and reduced body weight and growth, and increased liver weight. Selenium increased duckling mortality and decreased overall duckling production. Antagonistic interactions between As and Se occurred whereby As reduced Se accumulation in liver and egg, and alleviated the effects of Se on hatching success and embryo deformities. It was demonstrated that As and Se, in the chemical forms and at the dietary levels administered in this study, can adversely affect mallard reproduction and duckling growth and survival, and that As can alleviate toxic effects of Se. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 28 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 444 EP 451 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NC035 UT WOS:A1994NC03500004 ER PT J AU HUDSON, JH HANSON, KJ HALLEY, RB KINDINGER, JL AF HUDSON, JH HANSON, KJ HALLEY, RB KINDINGER, JL TI ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF GROWTH-RATE CHANGES IN MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS - BISCAYNE-NATIONAL-PARK, FLORIDA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Symposium on Florida Keys Regional Ecosystem CY NOV, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP ROSENSTIEL SCH, COOPERAT INST MARINE & ATOMOSPHER STUDIES, CTR MARINE & ENV ANAL, NOAA, NATL UNDERSEA RES PROGRAM, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR, ATLANT OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, NATL SCI FDN, SIGMA XI ID SPIN-OFF EDDIES; CORAL; RECORD AB Long-term annual growth rates were determined for 25 Montastrea annularis colonies at eight reef sites in Biscayne National Park, Florida, X-radiographs of slabbed coral cores revealed chronologies that averaged 113.5 years in length with a range of 40 to 242 years. A total of 2,837 annual growth increments were identified and measured. Dating of density bands was verified by visually crossdating fluorescent bands within the coral skeleton. Average accretion rates of individual colonies varied from 5.0 mm.yr-1 in the northernmost sector of the Park to 11.3 mm.yr-1 in the southernmost sector. Long-term growth rates of most corals in this study were greatest prior to about 1950 except for a major, 3-5 year, decline in the growth record of older corals centered around 1878. Waxing and waning coral growth rates are discussed in relation to natural and anthropogenic perturbations that impact this high latitude reef ecosystem. Attention is drawn to nutrients from sewage outfalls as a possible contributing factor to observed growth rate decline since 1950. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,COASTAL CTR,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. RP HUDSON, JH (reprint author), KEY LARGO NATL MARINE SANCTUARY,POB 1083,KEY LARGO,FL 33037, USA. RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 30 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 54 IS 3 BP 647 EP 669 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PQ267 UT WOS:A1994PQ26700006 ER PT J AU HALLEY, RB SWART, PK DODGE, RE HUDSON, JH AF HALLEY, RB SWART, PK DODGE, RE HUDSON, JH TI DECADE-SCALE TREND IN SEA-WATER SALINITY REVEALED THROUGH DELTA-O-18 ANALYSIS OF MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS ANNUAL GROWTH BANDS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1992 Symposium on Florida Keys Regional Ecosystem CY NOV, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP ROSENSTIEL SCH, COOPERAT INST MARINE & ATOMOSPHER STUDIES, CTR MARINE & ENV ANAL, NOAA, NATL UNDERSEA RES PROGRAM, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR, ATLANT OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, NATL SCI FDN, SIGMA XI ID STABLE ISOTOPES; FLORIDA BAY; REEF; CORALS; CARBONATES; OXYGEN AB Stable oxygen isotope ratios (delta18O) of coral skeletons are influenced by ambient water temperature and by the oxygen isotope ratio in the surrounding sea water, which, in turn, is linked to evaporation (salinity) and precipitation. To investigate this relationship more thoroughly, we collected hourly temperature data from the Hen and Chickens Reef in the Florida Keys between 1975 and 1988 and compared them to the deltaO-18 of Montastraea annularis skeleton that grew during the same interval. To ensure that we obtained the correct oxygen isotopic range in the skeleton we typically sampled the coral at a resolution of 20-30 samples in 1 year; in 1 year we sampled the coral at a resolution of 70 samples.year-1. Despite our high-resolution sampling, we were unable to obtain the full temperature-induced deltaO-18 range in the skeleton. Our data suggest that, during the summer, evaporation causes isotopic enrichment in the water, partially masking the temperature-induced signal. Our data also show that oxygen isotopic composition of seawater at the reef has increased since 1981. This increase indicates that salinity has increased slightly during the past decade, perhaps as a result of increased evaporation in waters of Florida Bay and the Keys. This phenomenon is probably not caused by a decrease in the outflow of freshwater into Florida Bay from the Everglades but may be related to the measured deficit in precipitation that has occurred over the past decade. C1 NOAA,FLORIDA KEYS NAT MARINE SANCTUARY,KEY LARGO,FL 33037. UNIV MIAMI,RSMAS,MGG,STABLE ISOTOPE LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. NOVA UNIV,CTR OCEANOG,DANIA,FL 33004. RP HALLEY, RB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL GEOL,COASTAL CTR,600 4TH ST S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. RI Swart, Peter/K-7041-2016 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 54 IS 3 BP 670 EP 678 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA PQ267 UT WOS:A1994PQ26700007 ER PT J AU SWANSON, D AF SWANSON, D TI THE OBSERVATIONAL SIDE OF VOLCANOLOGY SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP SWANSON, D (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,US GEOL SURVEY,DEPT GEOL SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 56 IS 2 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NP622 UT WOS:A1994NP62200005 ER PT J AU RIEHLE, JR BUDAHN, JR LANPHERE, MA BREW, DA AF RIEHLE, JR BUDAHN, JR LANPHERE, MA BREW, DA TI RARE-EARTH ELEMENT CONTENTS AND MULTIPLE MANTLE SOURCES OF THE TRANSFORM-RELATED MOUNT-EDGECUMBE BASALTS, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VOLCANIC-FIELD; SE ALASKA; GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; LITHOSPHERIC MANTLE; ALKALINE VOLCANISM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TRIPLE JUNCTION; HIGH-PRESSURES; MAGMA GENESIS; TUZO-WILSON AB Pleistocene basalt of the Mount Edgecumbe volcanic field (MEF) is subdivided into a plagioclase type and an olivine type. Olivine basalt crops out farther inboard from the nearby Fairweather transform than plagioclase basalt. Th/La ratios of plagioclase basalt are similar to those of mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB), whereas those of olivine basalt are of continental affinity. The olivine basalt has higher Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios than the plagioclase basalt. We model rare earth element (REE) contents of the olivine basalt, which resemble those of transitional MORB, by 10-15% partial melting of fertile spinel-plagioclase lherzolite followed by removal of 8-13% olivine. Normative mineralogy indicates melting in the spinel stability field. REE contents of an undersaturated basalt (sample 5L005) resemble those of Mauna Loa tholeiite and are modelled by 5-10% partial melting of fertile garnet lherzolite followed by 10% olivine removal. Plagioclase basalt resembles sample 5L005 in REE contents but is lower in other incompatible-element contents and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios. Plagioclase basalt either originated in depleted garnet lherzolite or is a mixture of sample 5L005 and normal MORB; complex zoning of plagioclase and colinear Sc and Th contents are consistent with magma mixing. We conclude that olivine basalt originated in subcontinental spinel lherzolite and that plagioclase basalt may have originated in suboceanic lithosphere of the Pacific plate. Lithospheric melting seemingly requires vertical flow of mantle material, although there is no direct evidence at the MEF for crustal extension that might provide a mechanism for mantle advection. In any case, most MEF magmas are subalkaline because of moderately high degrees of partial melting at shallow depth. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, ANCHORAGE, AK 99508 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 31 IS 5 BP 852 EP 864 DI 10.1139/e94-078 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NX671 UT WOS:A1994NX67100009 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, JH GADOMSKI, DM POE, TP AF PETERSEN, JH GADOMSKI, DM POE, TP TI DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION BY NORTHERN SQUAWFISH (PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS) ON LIVE AND DEAD JUVENILE SALMONIDS IN THE BONNEVILLE DAM TAILRACE (COLUMBIA RIVER) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PREY PREFERENCE; TROUT; GAIRDNERI; FISHES; BASS AB Juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) that have been killed or injured during dam passage may be highly vulnerable or preferred prey of predators that aggregate below dams. Salmonid loss due to predation will be overestimated using gut content analysis if some prey were dead or moribund when consumed. To examine this issue, field experiments were conducted in the Bonneville Dam tailrace (Columbia River) to compare rates of capture of live and dead juvenile salmonids by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Known numbers of coded-wire-tagged live and dead chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were released into the tailrace on six nights. Northern squawfish were collected after each release and their gut contents were examined for tags. When 50% of salmon released were dead, northern squawfish consumed 62% dead salmon. When 10% of salmon released were dead, comparable with dam passage mortality, 22% of the tags found in northern squawfish digestive tracts were from dead salmon. These results indicate that predator feeding behavior and prey condition are important considerations when estimating the impact of predation on a prey population. RP PETERSEN, JH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1204 DI 10.1139/f94-119 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA PA367 UT WOS:A1994PA36700021 ER PT J AU FANCY, SG WHITTEN, KR RUSSELL, DE AF FANCY, SG WHITTEN, KR RUSSELL, DE TI DEMOGRAPHY OF THE PORCUPINE CARIBOU HERD, 1983-1992 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION REGULATION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; ALASKA; DEER AB Population size, parturition rates, and sex- and age-specific survival rates were determined for the Porcupine caribou herd (Rangifer tarandus granti) in northeastern Alaska and northwestern Canada between 1983 and 1992. The herd increased at an annual rate of r = 0.0467 between censuses in July 1983 (n = 135 000), July 1987 (n = 165 000), and July 1989 (n = 178 000). The mean parturition rate for 225 radio-collared cows aged greater than or equal to 3 years monitored for 603 reproductive attempts between 1982 and 1992 was 80% and did not differ among years. First-year survival of calves was 51%. The survival rate of calves through their first month differed among years (range 57-90%). The mean annual survival rate for greater than or equal to 3-year-old caribou was 84.2% for 225 females and 82.6% for 42 males. Hunting mortality for the herd averaged 2-3% annually. Population estimates generated by a computer model using parturition and survival rates for the herd closely tracked population trends determined from photocensus data. Growth of the herd is most sensitive to the survival of females 3 years of age and older, followed by calf production and survival. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,WHITEHORSE Y1A 2L7,YT,CANADA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 72 IS 5 BP 840 EP 846 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PG987 UT WOS:A1994PG98700008 ER PT J AU DUBRAY, EA AF DUBRAY, EA TI COMPOSITIONS OF MICAS IN PERALUMINOUS GRANITOIDS OF THE EASTERN ARABIAN SHIELD - IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROGENESIS AND TECTONIC SETTING OF HIGHLY EVOLVED, RARE-METAL ENRICHED GRANITES SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A-TYPE GRANITES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ROCKS AB Compositions and pleochroism of micas in fourteen peraluminous alkali-feldspar granites in the eastern part of the Late Proterozoic Arabian Shield are unlike those of micas (principally biotite) in most calc-alkaline granitoid rocks. Compositions of these micas are distinguished by elevated abundances of Li2O, F, and numerous cations and by low MgO abundances. These micas, constituents of highly evolved rare-metal enriched granitoids, represent an iron-lithium substitution series that ranges from lithium-poor siderophyllite to lithium-rich ferroan lepidolite. The eastern Arabian Shield also hosts six epizonal granitoids that contain colorless micas. Compositions of these micas, mostly muscovite, and their host granitoids are distinct from those of the iron-lithium micas and their host granitoids. Compositions of the analyzed micas have a number of petrogenetic implications. The twenty granitoids containing these micas form three compositional groups that reflect genesis in particular tectonic regimes; mica compositions define the same three groups. The presence of magmatic muscovite in six of these shallowly crystallized granitoids conflicts with experimental data indicating muscovite stability at pressures greater than 3 kbar. Muscovite in the Arabian granitoids probably results from its non-ideal composition; the presence of muscovite cannot be used as a pressure indicator. Finally, mineral/matrix partition coefficients are significantly greater than 1.0 for a number of cations, the rare-earth elements in particular, in many of the analyzed iron-lithium micas. Involvement of these types of micas in partial melting or fractionation processes can have a major influence on silicate liquid compositions. RP DUBRAY, EA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 905,BOX 25046,DFC,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 116 IS 4 BP 381 EP 397 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA NN385 UT WOS:A1994NN38500002 ER PT J AU CASTILLO, PR PRINGLE, MS CARLSON, RW AF CASTILLO, PR PRINGLE, MS CARLSON, RW TI EAST MARIANA BASIN THOLEIITES - CRETACEOUS INTRAPLATE BASALTS OF RIFT BASALTS RELATED TO THE ONTONG JAVA PLUME SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRILLING-PROJECT LEG-89; CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; NAURU BASIN; SOUTH-PACIFIC; IGNEOUS COMPLEX; MANTLE; EVOLUTION; VOLCANISM; SEAMOUNTS; TRACE AB Studies of seafloor magnetic anomaly patterns suggest the presence of Jurassic oceanic crust in a large area in the western Pacific that includes the East Mariana, Nauru and Pigafetta Basins. Sampling of the igneous crust in this area by the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) and the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) allows direct evaluation of the age and petrogenesis of this crust. ODP Leg 129 drilled a 51 m sequence of basalt pillows and massive flows in the central East Mariana Basin. Ar-40/Ar-39 ages determined in this study for two Leg 129 basalts average 114.6 +/- 3.2 Ma. This age is in agreement with the Albian-late Aptian paleontologic age of the overlying sediments, but is distinctively younger than the Jurassic age predicted by magnetic anomaly patterns in the basin. Compositionally, the East Mariana Basin basalts are uniformly low-K tholeiites that are depleted in highly incompatible elements compared to moderately incompatible ones, which is typical of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) erupted near hotspots. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of the tholeiites (Sr-87/Sr-86(init) = 0.70360-0.70374; Nd-143/Nd-144(init) = 0.512769-0.512790; Pb-206/Pb-204(meas) = 18.355-18.386) also overlap with some Indian Ocean Ridge MORB, although they are distinct from the isotopic compositions of Jurassic basalts drilled in the Pigafetta Basin, the oldest Pacific MORB. The isotopic compositions of the East Mariana Basin tholeiites are also similar to those of intraplate basalts, and in particular, to the isotopic signature of basalts from the nearby Ontong Java and Manihiki Plateaus. The East Mariana Basin tholeiites also share many petrologic and isotopic characteristics with the oceanic basement drilled in the Nauru Basin at DSDP Site 462. In addition, the new 110.8 +/- 1.0 Ma Ar-40/Ar-39 age for two flows from the bottom of Site 462 in the Nauru Basin is indistinguishable from the age of the East Mariana Basin flows. Thus, while magnetic anomaly patterns predict that the igneous basement in the Nauru and East Mariana Basins is Jurassic in age, the geochemical and chronological results discussed here suggest that the basement formed during a Cretaceous rifting event within the Jurassic crust. This magmatic and tectonic event was created by the widespread volcanism responsible for the genesis of the large oceanic plateaus of the western Pacific. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. RP CASTILLO, PR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 49 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 123 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90263-1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NR205 UT WOS:A1994NR20500011 ER PT J AU VIKRE, PG MCKEE, EH AF VIKRE, PG MCKEE, EH TI GEOLOGY, ALTERATION, AND GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE COMO DISTRICT, LYON-COUNTY, NEVADA SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID SYSTEM C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP VIKRE, PG (reprint author), ASARCO INC,510 E PLUMB LANE,RENO,NV 89502, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 89 IS 3 BP 639 EP 646 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NU197 UT WOS:A1994NU19700013 ER PT J AU CHIPPS, SR PERRY, WB PERRY, SA AF CHIPPS, SR PERRY, WB PERRY, SA TI FISH ASSEMBLAGES OF THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS - AN EXAMINATION OF TROPHIC GROUP ABUNDANCE IN 9 WEST-VIRGINIA STREAMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORDINATION; SPATIAL SCALE; TROPHIC GROUPS ID HABITAT STRUCTURE; STOCHASTICITY; PERSISTENCE; SIZE AB We used multivariate ordination techniques to examine patterns of trophic group abundance among fish assemblages in nine West Virginia streams. These patterns were examined in relation to habitat and water chemistry gradients. The first two components from a principal components analysis (PCA) explained 71 % of the variation in trophic group abundance. The first two axes from a PCA of habitat data accounted for 75 % of the total variation. Generalized insectivores and insectivore-piscivores were the predominant trophic groups in stable, pool environments. Benthic insectivores and herbivores-detritivores were most abundant in shallow, temporally variable environments. We attributed the presence of generalized insectivores in deep, pool environments to the effects of a severe drought. The predominance of benthic insectivores in shallow environments was attributed to an abundance of benthic stream fishes and a depauperate catostomid assemblage. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP CHIPPS, SR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 1994 VL 40 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1007/BF00002183 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL553 UT WOS:A1994NL55300005 ER PT J AU ROGERS, DR ROGERS, BD HERKE, WH AF ROGERS, DR ROGERS, BD HERKE, WH TI STRUCTURAL MARSH MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON COASTAL FISHES AND CRUSTACEANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Structural marsh management, using levees and water-control structures, is used in the coastal zone for many objectives, for example, to reduce marsh loss, to enhance waterfowl habitat, to revegetate open-water areas, and to reduce saltwater intrusion. The literature was evaluated to categorize structural marsh management and to determine some of its effects on fishes and crustaceans. Structural marsh management had positive effects on standing stock of most resident organisms and negative effects on marine-transient organisms. Emigration was negatively affected for both resident and marine-transient organisms. Techniques such as opening structures at critical migration times, designing structures that offer the greatest management flexibility, and using structures to create a flow-through system could reduce these impacts. More effort should be put into monitoring managed areas to determine if the objectives are being met and to evaluate the effects on fishes and crustaceans. Although frequent manipulation could reduce these impacts, the costs and problems incurred may outweigh the anticipated benefits. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LOUISIANA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP ROGERS, DR (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,CTR AGR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 351 EP 369 DI 10.1007/BF02393866 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC568 UT WOS:A1994NC56800005 ER PT J AU PRESSER, TS SYLVESTER, MA LOW, WH AF PRESSER, TS SYLVESTER, MA LOW, WH TI BIOACCUMULATION OF SELENIUM FROM NATURAL GEOLOGIC SOURCES IN WESTERN STATES AND ITS POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM; AVIAN TERATOGENICITY; BIOACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; SELENATE REDUCTION; WATER; RESPIRATION; CALIFORNIA; ELEMENTS AB Ecological impacts of water-quality problems have developed in the western United States resulting from the disposal of seleniferous agricultural wastewater in wetland areas. Overt effects of selenium toxicosis occurred at five areas where deformities of wild aquatic birds were similar to those first observed at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in the west-central San Joaquin Valley of California. These areas are: Tulare Lake Bed Area, California, Middle Green River Basin, Utah, Kendrick Reclamation Project Area, Wyoming, Sun River Basin, Montana, and Stillwater Wildlife Management Area, Nevada. Potential for ecological damage is indicated at six more sites in Oregon, Colorado, the Colorado/Kansas border, and South Dakota out of 16 areas in 11 states where biological tissue data were collected. This conclusion is based on the fact that selenium bioaccumulated in bird livers to median levels that had exceeded or were in the range associated with adverse reproductive effects. Selenium concentrations in samples of fish and bird eggs support these conclusions at a majority of these areas. Reason for concern is also given for the lower Colorado River Valley, although this is not exclusively a conclusion from these reconnaissance data. Biogeochemical conditions and the extent of selenium contamination of water, bottom sediment, and biota from which this assessment was made are given here. In a companion paper, the biogeochemical pathway postulated for selenium contamination to take place from natural geologic sources to aquatic wildlife is defined. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL WATER QUAL ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DIST OFF,BOISE,ID 83702. RP PRESSER, TS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL RES PROGRAM,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD MS435,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012 NR 68 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1007/BF02393871 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC568 UT WOS:A1994NC56800010 ER PT J AU PRESSER, TS AF PRESSER, TS TI THE KESTERSON EFFECT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM; CRETACEOUS MARINE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; SULFATE EVAPORATIVE SALTS; SELENOAMINO ACIDS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; ROCK TO DUCK ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; ORGANIC-CARBON; SELENIUM; CALIFORNIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; BURIAL; SHALES AB Hypothesized to be derived from Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks, selenium contamination of the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge is traced through irrigation drainage to the source bedrock of the California Coast Ranges. This biogeochemical pathway of selenium is defined here as the ''Kesterson effect.'' At the refuge ponds, this effect culminated in 1983 in a 64% rate of deformity and death of embryos and hatchlings of wild aquatic birds. From the previous companion paper on irrigation drainage, the Kesterson effect has been implicated in nine of 11 reconnaissance areas studied in the western United States. Deformities have resulted in at least five of these sites. Climatic, geologic, hydrologic, and soil conditions in these reconnaissance areas are similar to those in the area surrounding Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in the west-central San Joaquin Valley of California, In California, selenium, as selenate, was ultimately found weathered with sulfur from marine sources in soluble sodium and magnesium sulfate salts, which are concentrated by evaporation on farmland soils. The Se, mobilized by irrigation drainage, is bioaccumulated to toxic levels in refuge wetland ponds that are located mainly in hydrologically closed basins and thus act as concentrating disposal points. The depositional environment of the ponds may be similar to that of the nutrient-rich continental shelf edge and slope in which Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene sediments found to be seleniferous in the California Coast Ranges were deposited. Bioaccumulation may be therefore a primary mechanism of selenium enrichment in ancient sediments in addition to that of the formerly suggested Cretaceous volcanic pathway. RP PRESSER, TS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL RES PROGRAM,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD MS435,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 73 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 437 EP 454 DI 10.1007/BF02393872 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC568 UT WOS:A1994NC56800011 ER PT J AU BARBER, LB AF BARBER, LB TI SORPTION OF CHLOROBENZENES TO CAPE-COD AQUIFER SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; IRON-OXIDES; WATER; ADSORPTION; SAND; PARTITION AB Sorption of tetra- and pentachlorobenzene by sediment from a glacial outwash aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, was evaluated. Particle size and mineralogical fractions (separated based on paramagnetic susceptibility) were characterized with respect to sediment organic carbon (SOC), mineralogy, surface area, metal oxide coatings, and spatial variability. SOC increases by a factor of 10 as particle size decreases from 500-1000 to <63 mum. Magnetic mineral abundance is a function of particle size and increases from <5% in the 500-1000-mum fraction to >25% in the <63-mum fraction, and SOC is preferentially associated with the magnetic minerals. Sorption increases with decreasing particle size (increasing SOC, magnetic minerals, surface area, and metal oxyhydroxides), and the magnetic mineral fraction has greater sorption than the bulk or nonmagnetic fractions. Removal of SOC decreases sorption proportional to the decrease in SOC and results in a nonlinear isotherm. RP BARBER, LB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 56 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 28 IS 5 BP 890 EP 897 DI 10.1021/es00054a021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ324 UT WOS:A1994NJ32400025 PM 22191831 ER PT J AU DOE, BR AF DOE, BR TI ZINC, COPPER, AND LEAD IN MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS AND THE SOURCE-ROCK CONTROL ON ZN/PB IN OCEAN-RIDGE HYDROTHERMAL DEPOSITS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Heinrich D Holland CY MAY 08-09, 1992 CL RESTON, VA ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; ATLANTIC RIDGE; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; PRECIOUS METALS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; INDIAN RIDGE; PB ISOTOPES; HOT SPRINGS AB The contents of Zn, Cu, and Pb in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and the MORB source-rock control on Zn/Pb in ocean-ridge hydrothermal deposits are examined. The values of Zn, Cu, and Pb for submarine mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) are, respectively (in ppm): average MORB-75, 75, and 0.7; West Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge (JFR)-87, 64, and 0.5; southern JFR-120 and 0.5, and 21-degrees-N, East Pacific Rise (EPR)-73, 78, and 0.5. Values of Zn/Pb range from about 100-240 and Cu/Pb from 100-156. In this study, Zn is found to correlate positively with TiO2 + FeO (mean square of weighted deviates, MSWD, of 1.6 for JFR basalt), and inversely with Mg number (MSWD of 3.5). Therefore, contrary to statements in the literature that Zn should be compatible in MORB, Zn is a mildly incompatible element and must be enriched in the glass phase relative to olivine as Zn does not fit into the other major phenocryst phase, plagioclase. In the source of MORB, Zn likely is most enriched in oxides: spinel, magnetite, and titanomagnetite. Copper generally does not correlate well with other elements in most MORB data examined. When differentiation is dominated by olivine, Cu has a tendency to behave incompatibly (e.g., at Mg numbers >70), but, overall, Cu shows some tendency towards being a compatible element, particularly along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a behavior presumably due to separation of sulfides in which Cu (but not Zn) is markedly enriched. Copper thus may be in dispersed sulfides in the source of MORB. Ocean ridges provide important data on source-rock controls for sulfide deposits because, in sediment-starved ridges, much is known about the possible source rocks and mineralization is presently occurring. In contrast to Zn/Pb approximately 5 in continental hot Cl-rich brines, Zn/Pb in the hottest sediment-starved ridge black smoker hydrothermal fluids at 21-degrees-N, EPR is about 110, similar to local MORB (145), but Cu/Pb is closer to 30, possibly due to subsurface deposition of Cu. At the JFR, the best value of Zn / Pb in the hydrothermal fluids is about 175, again similar to local MORB (240), but Cu is very low in the fluids that are at temperatures less than 300-degrees-C. The large MORB-like Zn/Pb in the hottest black-smoker fluids suggests a source-rock control for the metals that prohibits significant galena in the black-smoker deposits of sediment-starved ridges. In contrast, exhalative deposits on sediment-swamped ridges have significant galena; its presence is suggestive of Pb derivation from sediments, an origin supported by Pb isotope studies of LeHuray and colleagues in 1988. RP DOE, BR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,923 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1994 VL 58 IS 10 BP 2215 EP 2223 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90006-X PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NQ012 UT WOS:A1994NQ01200006 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, MD ANDERHOLM, S AF SIEGEL, MD ANDERHOLM, S TI GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF GROUNDWATER IN THE CULEBRA DOLOMITE NEAR THE WASTE ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT, SOUTHEASTERN NEW-MEXICO, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Heinrich D Holland CY MAY 08-09, 1992 CL RESTON, VA ID MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL-WATERS; CLAY-MINERALS; THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; 25-DEGREES-C; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; BORON AB The Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation, a thin (10 m) fractured dolomite aquifer, lies approximately 450 m above the repository horizon of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico, USA. Salinities of water in the Culebra range roughly from 10,000 to 200,000 mg/ L within the WIPP site. A proposed model for the post-Pleistocene hydrochemical evolution of the Culebra tentatively identifies the major sources and sinks for many of the groundwater solutes. Reaction-path simulations with the PHRQPITZ code suggest that the Culebra dolomite is a partial chemical equilibrium system whose composition is controlled by an irreversible process (dissolution of evaporites) and equilibrium with gypsum and calcite. Net geochemical reactions along postulated modern flow paths, calculated with the NETPATH code, include dissolution of halite, carbonate and evaporite salts, and ion exchange. R-mode principal component analysis revealed correlations among the concentrations of Si, Mg, pH, Li, and B that are consistent with several clay-water reactions. The results of the geochemical calculations and mineralogical data are consistent with the following hydrochemical model: (1) solutes are added to the Culebra by dissolution of evaporite minerals; (2) the solubilities of gypsum and calcite increase as the salinity increases; these minerals dissolve as chemical equilibrium is maintained between them and the groundwater; (3) equilibrium is not maintained between the waters and dolomite; sufficient Mg is added to the waters by dissolution of accessory carnallite or polyhalite such that the degree of dolomite supersaturation increases with ionic strength; and (4) clays within the fractures and rock matrix exert some control on the distribution of Li, B, Mg, and Si via sorption, ion exchange, and dissolution. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. RP SIEGEL, MD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CTR GEOSCI & GEOTECHNOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 78 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 1994 VL 58 IS 10 BP 2299 EP 2323 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90012-4 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NQ012 UT WOS:A1994NQ01200012 ER PT J AU NELSON, CH BACON, CR ROBINSON, SW ADAM, DP BRADBURY, JP BARBER, JH SCHWARTZ, D VAGENAS, G AF NELSON, CH BACON, CR ROBINSON, SW ADAM, DP BRADBURY, JP BARBER, JH SCHWARTZ, D VAGENAS, G TI THE VOLCANIC, SEDIMENTOLOGIC, AND PALEOLIMNOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE CRATER-LAKE CALDERA FLOOR, OREGON - EVIDENCE FOR SMALL CALDERA EVOLUTION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MOUNT-MAZAMA; HOLOCENE AB Apparent phreatic explosion craters, caldera-floor volcanic cones, and geothermal features outline a ring fracture zone along which Mount Mazama collapsed to form the Crater Lake caldera during its climactic eruption about 6,850 yr B.P. Within a few years, subaerial deposits infilled the phreatic craters and then formed a thick wedge (10-20 m) of mass flow deposits shed from caldera walls. Intense volcanic activity (phreatic explosions, subaerial flows, and hydrothermal venting) occurred during this early postcaldera stage, and a central platform of subaerial andesite flows and scoria formed on the caldera floor. Radiocarbon ages suggest that deposition of lacustrine hemipelagic sediment began on the central platform about 150 yr after the caldera collapse. This is the minimum time to fill the lake halfway with water and cover the platform assuming present hydrologic conditions of precipitation and evaporation but with negligible leakage of lake water. Wizard Island formed during the final part of the 300-yr lake-filling period as shown by its (1) upper subaerial lava flows from 0 to -70 m below present water level and lower subaqueous lava flows from -70 to -500 m and by (2) lacustrine turbidite sand derived from Wizard Island that was deposited on the central platform about 350 yr after the caldera collapse. Pollen stratigraphy indicates that the warm and dry climate of middle Holocene time correlates with the early lake deposits. Diatom stratigraphy also suggests a more thermally stratified and pbosphate-rich environment associated respectively with this climate and greater hydrothermal activity during the early lake history. Apparent coarse-grained and thick-bedded turbidites of the early lake beds were deposited throughout northwest, southwest, and eastern basins during the time that volcanic and seismic activity formed the subaqueous Wizard Island, Merriam Cone, and rhyodacite dome. The last known postcaldera volcanic activity produced a subaqueous rhyodacite ash bed and dome about 4,240 yr B.P. The late lake beds with base-of-slope aprons and thin, fine-grained basin-plain turbidites were deposited during the volcanically quiescent period of the past 4,000 yr. Deposits in Crater Lake and on similar caldera floors suggest that four stages characterize the postcaldera evolution of smaller (less-than-or-equal-to 10 kin in diameter) terrestrial caldera lake floors: (1) initial-stage caldera collapse forms the ring fracture zone that controls location of the main volcanic eruptive centers and sedimentary basin depocenters on the caldera floor, (2) early-stage subaerial sedimentation rapidly fills ring-fracture depressions and constructs basin-floor debris fans from calderawall landslides; (3) first-stage subaqueous sedimentation deposits thick flat-lying lake turbidites throughout basins, while a thin blanket of hemipelagic sediment covers volcanic edifices that continue to form concurrently with lake sedimentation; and (4) second-stage subaqueous sedimentation after the waning of major volcanic activity and the earlier periods of most rapid sedimentation develops small siliciclastic basin base-of-slope turbidite aprons and central basin plains. Renewed volcanic activity or lake destruction could cause part or all of the cycle to repeat. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP NELSON, CH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 73 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 106 IS 5 BP 684 EP 704 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0684:TVSAPH>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NJ870 UT WOS:A1994NJ87000009 ER PT J AU DEMIRANDA, FP MCCAFFERTY, AE TARANIK, JV AF DEMIRANDA, FP MCCAFFERTY, AE TARANIK, JV TI RECONNAISSANCE GEOLOGIC MAPPING OF A PORTION OF THE RAIN-FOREST COVERED GUIANA SHIELD, NORTHWESTERN BRAZIL, USING SIR-B AND DIGITAL AEROMAGNETIC DATA SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADAR; GRAVITY AB This paper documents the result of an integrated analysis of spaceborne radar (SIR-B) and digital aeromagnetic data carried out in the heavily forested Guiana Shield. The objective of the research is to interpret the geophysical data base to its limit to produce a reconnaissance geologic map as an aid to ground work planning in a worst-case setting. Linear geomorphic features were identified based on the interpretation of the SIR-B image. Digital manipulation of aeromagnetic data allowed the development of a color-shaded relief map of reduced-to-pole magnetic anomalies, a terrace-magnetization map, and a map showing the location of maximum values of the horizontal component of the pseudogravity gradient (magnetization boundary lines). The resultant end product was a reconnaissance geologic map where broad terrane categories were delineated and geologic faults with both topographic and magnetic expression were defined. The availability of global spaceborne radar coverage in the 1990s and the large number of existing digital aeromagnetic surveys in northwestern Brazil indicate that this approach can be potentially useful for reconnaissance geologic mapping elsewhere in the Guiana Shield. C1 UNIV NEVADA SYST,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89512. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP DEMIRANDA, FP (reprint author), PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S-A PETROBRAS CENPES,ILHA FUNDAO,CIDADE UNIV,BR-21949900 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY PY 1994 VL 59 IS 5 BP 733 EP 743 DI 10.1190/1.1443631 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NL948 UT WOS:A1994NL94800005 ER PT J AU MIRECKI, JE PARKS, WS AF MIRECKI, JE PARKS, WS TI LEACHATE GEOCHEMISTRY AT A MUNICIPAL LANDFILL, MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER; WATER AB A leachate plume emanating from the Shelby County Landfill located at Memphis, Tennessee is defined using selected major and trace inorganic constituents. High specific conductance values and elevated concentrations of ammonia, barium, boron, calcium, chloride, dissolved solids, potassium, sodium, and strontium were measured in water samples from wells screened in the alluvial and Memphis aquifers downgradient from or proximal to the landfill. Of these constituents, barium, boron, chloride, and strontium were used in the geochemical model code PHREEQE to estimate the percent leachate component in selected Memphis aquifer samples. Estimates of the leachate component in samples from affected Memphis aquifer wells range from 5 to 37 percent for barium and strontium, the most reliable tracers found during this study. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP MIRECKI, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,7777 WALNUT GROVE RD,MEMPHIS,TN 38120, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00656.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NK300 UT WOS:A1994NK30000007 ER PT J AU BARLOW, PM AF BARLOW, PM TI 2-DIMENSIONAL AND 3-DIMENSIONAL PATHLINE ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTING AREAS TO PUBLIC-SUPPLY WELLS OF CAPE-COD, MASSACHUSETTS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-TRACKING ANALYSIS; CAPTURE ZONES; MODELS AB Steady-state two- and three-dimensional ground-water-flow models coupled with particle tracking (fluid-particle pathline analysis) have been evaluated to determine their relative effectiveness in delineating contributing areas and particle traveltimes to public-supply wells in two contrasting stratified-drift aquifers of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Several contributing areas delineated by the three-dimensional pathline analysis do not conform to simple ellipsoidal shapes that are typically delineated by use of two-dimensional analytical and numerical modeling techniques. They also include discontinuous areas of the water table and do not surround the supply wells. Because two-dimensional areal models do not account for vertical flow, they cannot adequately represent many of the hydrogeologic and well-design variables that complicate the delineation of contributing areas in three-dimensional flow systems on Cape Cod, including the presence and continuity of discrete zones of low hydraulic conductivity, large anisotropic ratios of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, partially penetrating supply wells, shallow streams and lakes, and low (less than about 0.1 million gallons per day) pumping rates. Particle traveltimes calculated by the two-dimensional models are longer than those calculated by the three-dimensional models, and time-related capture zones determined by the two-dimensional models underpredict the size of the land area contributing water to simulated wells. It appears that the two-dimensional models do not accurately represent shallow, partially penetrating wells, or heterogeneous and anisotropic sediments for the purposes of simulating contributing areas and traveltimes in complex ground-water systems. RP BARLOW, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,28 LORD RD,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 399 EP 410 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00657.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NK300 UT WOS:A1994NK30000008 ER PT J AU ALLEN, JL GOFUS, JE MEINERTZ, JR AF ALLEN, JL GOFUS, JE MEINERTZ, JR TI DETERMINATION OF MALACHITE GREEN RESIDUES IN THE EGGS, FRY, AND ADULT MUSCLE-TISSUE OF RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GENTIAN-VIOLET; LEUCOGENTIAN VIOLET; FISH AB Malachite green, an effective antifungal therapeutant used in fish culture, is a known teratogen. We developed a method to simultaneously detect both the chromatic and leuco forms of malachite green residues in the eggs, fry, and adult muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Homogenates of these tissues were fortified with [C-14] malachite green chloride and extracted with 1% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile or in methanol. The extracts were partitioned with chloroform, dried, redissolved in mobile phase, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) with postcolumn oxidation of leuco malachite green to the chromatic form. LC fractions were collected every 30 s for quantitation by scintillation counting. Recoveries of total [C-14] malachite green chloride residue were 85 and 98% in eggs fortified with labeled malachite green at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.00 mug/g, respectively; 68% in fry similarly fortified at a concentration of 0.65 mug/g; and 66% in muscle homogenate similarly fortified at a level of 1.00 mug/g. The method was tested under operational conditions by exposing adult rainbow trout to 1.00 mg/L [C-14] malachite green chloride bath for 1 h. Muscle samples analyzed by sample oxidation and scintillation counting contained 1.3 and 0.5 mug/g total malachite green chloride residues immediately after exposure and after a 5-day withdrawal period, respectively. RP ALLEN, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 17 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 553 EP 557 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NP559 UT WOS:A1994NP55900001 PM 8012199 ER PT J AU STORM, GL FOSMIRE, GJ BELLIS, ED AF STORM, GL FOSMIRE, GJ BELLIS, ED TI PERSISTENCE OF METALS IN SOIL AND SELECTED VERTEBRATES IN THE VICINITY OF THE PALMERTON ZINC SMELTERS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SMALL MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; LEAD; CADMIUM; CONTAMINATION; PENNSYLVANIA; EMISSIONS AB Concentration of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in soil and wildlife at the Palmerton zinc smelter site in eastern Pennsylvania were determined 6 yr after zinc smelting was terminated in 1980. Levels of the four metals were higher in litter (01 and 02 horizon) than in soil (A1 horizon), and the metals were at or near levels when the smelters were still in operation. Levels of metals in soil were highest at sites close to the smelters and decreased as distances from the smelters increased. The relation of decreasing amounts of metals in body tissues with increasing distance from the smelters also held true for amphibians and mammals. An exception to this relation was higher level of Cu in red-backed slamanders (Plethodon cinereus) captured almost-equal-to 17 km downwind than those captured almost-equal-to 12 km down-wind. Levels of Zn, Pb, and Cu in liver, kidney, and muscle tissue of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were not different (P > 0.05) among sites. Cadmium in kidneys in white-footed mice exceeded 10 mg/kg, which is reportedly considered an indication of environmental contamination. Levels of Cd in kidneys and liver of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at Palmerton were five times higher than those for white-tailed deer collected 180 km southwest of Palmerton in southcentral Pennsylvania. The abnormal amounts of metals in the tissues of terrestrial vertebrates, and the absence or low abundance of wildlife at Palmerton indicated that ecological processes within 5 km of the smelters were markedly influenced 6 yr after zinc smelting was discontinued. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP STORM, GL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PENN COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 508 EP 514 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM670 UT WOS:A1994NM67000014 ER PT J AU CHEN, CL AF CHEN, CL TI MOMENTUM AND ENERGY COEFFICIENTS BASED ON POWER-LAW VELOCITY PROFILE - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP CHEN, CL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,WESTERN REG,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1994 VL 120 IS 5 BP 669 EP 669 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA NG741 UT WOS:A1994NG74100015 ER PT J AU MCCABE, GJ AF MCCABE, GJ TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND SNOWPACK IN THE GUNNISON RIVER BASIN, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTHLY MEAN CIRCULATION; UNITED-STATES; MONTHLY PRECIPITATION; HEIGHT FIELD; SPECIFICATION; CLIMATE AB In this study, winter mean 700 mbar height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the western USA are related to variability in snowpack accumulations measured on or about 1 April at 21 snowcourse stations within and near the Gunnison River basin in Colorado. Results indicate that lower than normal snowpack accumulations are primarily associated with positive 700 mbar height anomalies (anomalous anticyclonic circulation) over the western USA. Moist air from the Pacific Ocean is moved to the north of the western USA along the western margin of the anomalous anticyclonic circulation. In contrast, higher than normal snowpack accumulations are associated with negative 700 mbar height anomalies (anomalous cyclonic circulation) over the western USA and over most of the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The anomalous cyclonic circulation over the western USA enhances the movement of moisture from the Pacific Ocean into the southern and central parts of the West. Results also indicate that variability in winter mean 700 mbar height anomalies can explain over 50% of the variability in snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin. The significant linear relationships between 700 mbar height anomalies and snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin can be used in conjunction with general circulation model simulations of 700 mbar height anomalies for future climatic conditions to estimate future snowpack accumulations in the Gunnison River basin. RP MCCABE, GJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 412,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90103-1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NL365 UT WOS:A1994NL36500009 ER PT J AU COOPER, CR TINDALL, JA AF COOPER, CR TINDALL, JA TI MODEL FOR DOLOMITE FORMATION IN NORTHWEST FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Petrographic methods are used to examine the nature of the Floridan post-Oligocene unconformity and diagenetic responses in the associated carbonate units. The study addresses the depositional environment and the character of sediments associated with the unconformity, types and timing of diagenetic changes, and mode of dolomitization for the Suwannee Limestone dolomites and basal Hawthorn Group dolosilts. The purpose of the study is to determine if the original texture of geologic materials is preserved more frequently in rocks deposited in a supratidal environment in the uppermost Floridan carbonates, to examine possible sources of magnesium for the dolomitization that has occurred in the Floridan aquifer, and to determine the chemical environment of dolomite formation. On the basis of lithology, the tri-county study area can be divided into two regions; one in which the uppermost Floridan carbonate is calcareous or locally silicified, and one in which the aquifer system is capped with dolomite. Lateral interfingering between the two regions is apparent, and it is inferred that the boundary between the limestone and dolomite represents a geochemical boundary between a mixed marine and freshwater environment and a subaerially exposed freshwater environment. Where dolomite has replaced the uppermost Suwannee Limestone, the dolomite is overlain by a thin unit of dolosilt. The predominant source of magnesium for the dolomitization that occurred in the study area is probably seawater. C1 HARGIS & ASSOCIATES INC,BURBANK,CA 91505. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 157 IS 1-4 BP 367 EP 391 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90114-7 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NL365 UT WOS:A1994NL36500020 ER PT J AU GUBANOV, AP YOCHELSON, EL AF GUBANOV, AP YOCHELSON, EL TI A WENLOCKIAN (SILURIAN) GASTROPOD SHELL AND OPERCULUM FROM SIBERIA SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In a large collection of Wenlockian gastropods from north Siberia, a single small specimen shows the operculum in situ just within the aperture. In other morphologic features, particularly the presence of numerous spiral lirae on the shell, this species is similar to Silurian gastropods traditionally assigned to Oriostoma. Preservation of the operculum is far from perfect, but almost certainly it has paucispiral growth, rather than concentric or multispiral construction. This new species (Australonema varvarae n. sp.) is assigned to Australonema, previously known only from the Lower Devonian of Australia, primarily because of the form of the operculum. The material was obtained from just below a biostromal unit in a bed interpreted as an interreef lagoon in an area of locally relatively quiet water. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,DEPT PALEOBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242. RP GUBANOV, AP (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST GEOL,NOVOSIBIRSK 630090,RUSSIA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3 BP 486 EP 491 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA NM085 UT WOS:A1994NM08500007 ER PT J AU SOHN, IG AF SOHN, IG TI TAXONOMIC SYNONYMY, WHAT IS IT AND WHY SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP SOHN, IG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA NM085 UT WOS:A1994NM08500019 ER PT J AU ROHR, DM BLODGETT, RB AF ROHR, DM BLODGETT, RB TI PALLISERIA (MIDDLE ORDOVICIAN GASTROPODA) FROM EAST-CENTRAL ALASKA AND ITS STRATIGRAPHIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH PALEONTOL & STRATIG,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ROHR, DM (reprint author), SUL ROSS STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,ALPINE,TX 79832, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3 BP 674 EP 675 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA NM085 UT WOS:A1994NM08500021 ER PT J AU SPAULDING, SA MCKNIGHT, DM SMITH, RL DUFFORD, R AF SPAULDING, SA MCKNIGHT, DM SMITH, RL DUFFORD, R TI PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN PERENNIALLY ICE-COVERED LAKE FRYXELL, ANTARCTICA SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALGAL MATS; SUPERSATURATION; ECOLOGY; VALLEY AB Phytoplankton were collected over five austral summers (1987-88 through 1991-92) to examine seasonal and annual fluctuations in species composition and biovolume in Lake Fryxell, a perennially ice-covered lake located in the Dry Valleys of South Victoria Land. Antarctica. Lake Fryxell has perennial gradients of salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. We found that algal species diversity was low (56 taxa were collected), confirming the results of previous short-term studies. The phytoplankton consisted primarily of cryptophyte and chlorophyte flagellates and filamentous cyanobacteria. The presence of filamentous cyanobacteria, which have not been reported as abundant in this lake by previous workers, may represent a significant ecological change. Each austral summer, one dominant species contributed >70% of the total biovolume; Chroomonas lacustris was dominant in 1987-88. while Cryptomonas sp. dominated the phytoplankton in the remaining 4 years. No species succession occurred during the austral summer. Some common taxa were vertically stratified (Oscillatoria limnetica, Phormidium angustissimum Pyramimonas sp., Oscillatoria sp.), while others showed no distinct vertical stratification (Chlamydomonas subcaudata, Cryptomonas sp.). The stratification of the phytoplankton reflects the gradients of nutrients and light, and the stability of the water column. C1 DUFFORD & ASSOCIATES,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP SPAULDING, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 48 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 16 IS 5 BP 527 EP 541 DI 10.1093/plankt/16.5.527 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NM095 UT WOS:A1994NM09500007 ER PT J AU LAUBACHER, G NAESER, CW AF LAUBACHER, G NAESER, CW TI FISSION-TRACK DATING OF GRANITIC-ROCKS FROM THE EASTERN CORDILLERA OF PERU - EVIDENCE FOR LATE JURASSIC AND CENOZOIC COOLING SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL HISTORY; NORTHERN PERU; CENTRAL ANDES; COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATION; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; UPLIFT; BOLIVIA; EVOLUTION; SEISMICITY; ZIRCON AB Apatite and zircon fission-track ages of three samples of the Huachon granite and one sample of the Quiparacra granite, from the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes of central Peru, have been determined. Zircons from the Huachon granite yielded two groups of ages. An older group, made up of zircons with the lowest uranium content, gave an age of c. 270 Ma. The zircons with high uranium content from this granite gave ages of c. 160 Ma. The zircon ages from the Huachon granite show no correlation with elevation. The age of 270 Ma is interpreted as the age of probable emplacement; the 160 Ma age is evidence of a mild cooling (greater-than-or-equal-to 200-degrees-C) event that ended in late Mid-Jurassic time. This cooling correlates, in central Peru, with thick conglomerates in the Sub-Andes and strong exhumation in the Eastern Cordillera during Bathonian to Malm times. Zircons from the Quiparaca granite, which is a component of a composite batholith of possible Precambrian to Tertiary age, show ages of c. 30 Ma which are interpreted as the emplacement age. These zircons were totally annealed prior to the cooling in the Oligocene. This required temperatures >200-degrees-C. Apatite fission-track dating of the Huachon granite yielded only Neogene ages which reflect the total annealing of the tracks present in the apatite before exhumation began c. 22 Ma. Apatite ages show a correlation with elevation and indicate two periods of cooling during the Neogene at c. 21 Ma and between 12 Ma and the Present. These young ages suggest approximately 4 to 6 km of erosion in the Eastern Cordillera of central Peru in the past 30 Ma. These amounts are consistent with known geological data and fission-track ages obtained from other parts of the eastern Andes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP LAUBACHER, G (reprint author), INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT ORSTOM,BP 5045,F-34032 MONTPELLIER 1,FRANCE. NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BATH, AVON, ENGLAND BA1 3JN SN 0016-7649 J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 151 BP 473 EP 483 DI 10.1144/gsjgs.151.3.0473 PN 3 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NK508 UT WOS:A1994NK50800007 ER PT J AU DUDA, TF AF DUDA, TF TI GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE OF THE RECENTLY INTRODUCED ASIAN CLAM, POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS, IN SAN-FRANCISCO BAY SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ELECTROPHORETIC DATA; GREAT-LAKES; HETEROZYGOSITY; MOLLUSKS; MUSSEL; CHINA AB The genetic population structure of the recently introduced Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay was described using starch gel electrophoresis at eight presumptive loci. Specimens were taken from five environmentally distinct sites located throughout the bay. The population maintains a high degree of genetic variation, with a mean heterozygosity of 0.295, a mean polymorphism of 0.75, and an average of 3.70 alleles per locus. The population is genetically homogeneous, as evidenced from genetic distance values and F-statistics. However, heterogeneity of populations was indicated from a contingency chi-square test. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and heterozygote deficiencies were found at the Lap-1 locus for all populations and at the Lap-2 locus for a single population. High levels of variability could represent a universal characteristic of invading species, the levels of variability in the source population(s), and/or the dynamics of the introduction. Lack of differentiation between subpopulations may be due to the immaturity of the San Francisco Bay population, the ''general purpose'' phenotype genetic strategy of the species, high rates of gene flow in the population, and/or the selective neutrality of the loci investigated. C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94132. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 119 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1007/BF00349562 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NP599 UT WOS:A1994NP59900011 ER PT J AU DECHO, AW LUOMA, SN AF DECHO, AW LUOMA, SN TI HUMIC AND FULVIC-ACIDS - SINK OR SOURCE IN THE AVAILABILITY OF METALS TO THE MARINE BIVALVES MACOMA-BALTHICA AND POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATION; BIOAVAILABILITY; CLAMS; FULVIC ACID; HUMIC ACID; METALS ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MYTILUS-EDULIS; IRON-OXIDES; SUBSTANCES; SEDIMENTS; CADMIUM; FOOD; PARTICULATE; ASSIMILATION; ABSORPTION AB Humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) are common forms of organic matter in marine sediments, and are routinely ingested by deposit- and suspension-feeding animals. These compounds may be a sink for metals, implying that once metals are bound to humic substances they are no longer available to food webs. A series of experiments was conducted to quantitatively examine this premise using 2 estuarine bivalves from San Francisco Bay, USA: the suspension feeder Potamocorbula amurensis and the facultative deposit feeder Macoma balthica. HA and FA, isolated from marine sediments, were bound as organic coatings to either hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) or silica particles. Cd and Cr(III) were adsorbed to the organic coatings or directly to uncoated HFO and silica particles. Pulse-chase laboratory feeding experiments using Cd-109 and Cr-51(III) were then conducted to determine absorption efficiencies of Cd and Cr for individual specimens using each of the particle types. The results demonstrated that: (1) absorption of Cr(III) from all types of non-living particles was consistently low (< 11%). Ingested Cd showed greater bioavailability than Cr(III), perhaps due to differences in metal chemistry. (2) Bivalves absorbed Cd bound to uncoated HFO or silica particles (i.e. with no HA or FA present). (3) The presence of organic coatings on particles reduced Cd bioavailability compared with uncoated particles. (4) Both geochemical and biological conditions affected the food chain transfer of Cd. The data suggest that in marine systems inorganic and organic-coated particles are predominantly a sink for Cr in sediments. In the transfer of Cd to consumer animals, inorganic particles and humic substances can act as a link (although not a highly efficient one) under oxidized conditions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 67 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.3354/meps108133 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NN700 UT WOS:A1994NN70000011 ER PT J AU MUHS, DR SZABO, BJ AF MUHS, DR SZABO, BJ TI NEW URANIUM-SERIES AGES OF THE WAIMANALO LIMESTONE, OAHU, HAWAII - IMPLICATIONS FOR SEA-LEVEL DURING THE LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUATERNARY TECTONIC MOVEMENTS; CORAL REEFS; HUON-PENINSULA; NEW-GUINEA; ICE-SHEET; U-SERIES; ISLAND; STANDS; CHRONOLOGY; SUBSIDENCE AB The Waimanalo Formation (limestone) of Oahu has been correlated with the last interglacial period based on U-series dating of corals by T.-L. Ku and colleagues. The limestone consists of growth-position corals and overlying coral conglomerate. An apparent bimodal distribution of ages for the growth-position corals (mean age = 133 ka) and the overlying coral conglomerate (mean age= 119 ka) has been interpreted to represent two distinct high stands of sea that occurred within the last interglacial period. Both growth-position corals and overlying, conglomerate coral occur in an outcrop east of Kaena Point and consist mainly of Pocillopora and Porites. U-series ages of growth-position corals that show closed-system conditons are 120 +/- 3 ka and 127 +/- 4 ka; overlying conglomerate corals have U-series ages that range from 120 +/- 3 ka to 138 +/- 4 ka. At Kahe Point, conglomerate corals have ages of 120 +/- 3 ka and 134 +/- 4 ka. These data show that the growth position corals are not systematically older than the conglomerate corals; thus, there is no evidence for two distinct high stands of sea. Waimanalo deposits at Kahe Point and Mokapu Point (new U-series ages of 134 +/- 4 ka and 127 +/- 3 ka) have beach deposits as high as 12.5 m and, at Mokapu Point, growth-position corals as high as 8.5 m. A last-interglacial sea-level stand of + 8.5 to + 12.5 m conflicts with estimates of + 6 m from a number of tectonically stable coastlines and islands in the western Atlantic Ocean. We infer, therefore, that Oahu may be undergoing uplift at a low rate. This uplift may be due to compensatory lithospheric flexure, because the island of Hawaii has been subsiding throughout much of the Quaternary from volcanic loading. Because of this possible uplift, Oahu and islands like it elsewhere in the Pacific cannot be used as reference points for sea level during the, last interglacial period. RP MUHS, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 974,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 65 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(94)90091-4 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA NT019 UT WOS:A1994NT01900011 ER PT J AU LIDZ, BH BRALOWER, TJ AF LIDZ, BH BRALOWER, TJ TI MICROFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF PROGRADING NEOGENE PLATFORM-MARGIN CARBONATES, BAHAMAS - AGE CONSTRAINTS AND ALTERNATIVES SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANNOFOSSIL; PLIOCENE; CALIBRATION; EVENTS; OCEAN AB Benthic and planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils were recovered in shallow-water carbonate rock cores from two continuous boreholes drilled 7.5 km apart on the west platform margin of the Great Bahama Bank. The microfossils define six biostratigraphic units in each hole. One unit in each hole represents a correlative condensed section. Seven foraminiferal biozones are recognized in 11 of the units between the holes: middle Miocene Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone N12, late Miocene G. acostaensis Zone N16 and G. humerosa Zone N17, early Pliocene G. margaritae evoluta Subzone N19, late Pliocene G. exilis Subzone N21 and, tentatively, G. tosaensis tosaensis Zone N2 1, and early Pleistocene G. crassaformis viola Subzone N22. The twelfth unit is inferred to be of G. crassaformis viola Subzone N22 age. The oldest unit is onshore, the youngest is offshore. As presently interpreted, the nannofossil and foraminiferal zonations are partially correlative. Although the microfossils unequivocally constrain the series ages of the sediments, the incompleteness of the fossil record allows for alternative biozonal age models within the series. The Miocene and Pliocene biozones are common to both holes, but the greatest similarities between the holes are the significant mixing of middle and late Miocene, and late Miocene-early Pliocene faunas, the greatly condensed intervals at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and the early Pliocene influx of deep-water benthic and pelagic foraminifera. Of particular importance is the tentative recognition of late Pliocene G. tosaensis tosaensis Zone N21 in one borehole. Subsequent data not available to this phase of the study indicate that much of the zone is likely missing. Its absence will lend support to speculations of a regional unconformity in the Bahamas. The microfossils indicate that ( 1 ) several transgressions occurred from the middle Miocene to at least the earliest Pleistocene ( > 11. 5- > 0.46 Ma), during which banktop-derived sediments accumulating at the margin prograded the platform seaward; (2) a condensed interval on the bank top may represent a late Miocene lowstand, a period of sediment bypassing, or a lack of accommodation space; (3) the slope received thin layers of pelagic sediments in a condensed interval during the late Miocene and early Pliocene, while the bank top accommodated early Pliocene (4.2-3.4 Ma) deep-water indicators prior to a likely period of exposure (2.35-1.89 Ma); (4) two cycles of banktop sediment production and starvation occurred during the Pliocene; (5) the Pliocene transgression was punctuated by stillstands or low-amplitude reversals during which parts of biozones did not accumulate; and (6) the sediments containing the most complete microfossil-datum record are the thin pelagic strata that mark interruptions in the regular shedding of transgressive deposits from the platform. Sedimentation-rate patterns varied but were generally higher offshore than onshore. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP LIDZ, BH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CTR COASTAL STUDIES,600 4TH S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 265 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0377-8398(94)90022-1 PG 80 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA NR495 UT WOS:A1994NR49500001 ER PT J AU SIMONEIT, BRT KVENVOLDEN, KA AF SIMONEIT, BRT KVENVOLDEN, KA TI COMPARISON OF C-14 AGES OF HYDROTHERMAL PETROLEUMS SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE C-14 AGES; CONVENTIONAL DECAY COUNTING (CDC); ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY (AMS); HYDROTHERMAL; PETROLEUM ID EAST-AFRICAN RIFT; GUAYMAS BASIN; ESCANABA TROUGH; CALIFORNIA; GULF; HYDROCARBONS; TANGANYIKA; MIGRATION; RIDGE AB In order to set limits on the time frame of formation of hydrothermal petroleum, we have obtained C-14 ages on samples from three diverse regions; Gulf of California (Guaymas Basin), Northeast Pacific Ocean (Escanaba Trough and Middle Valley), and the East African Rift (Tanganyika Trough). The results date the source of carbon and therefore provide maximum ages for the formation and emplacement of the hydrothermal petroleums. The youngest petroleum occurs in the Southern Trough of Guaymas Basin (3200-6600 yr, mean 4692 yr); in the Northern Trough the petroleum is slightly older (7400 yr). Significantly older hydrothermal petroleum occurs in Escanaba Trough (17,000 yr) and Middle Valley (29,000 yr). A continental example from the East African Rift has an age of 25,000 yr, comparable to the ages observed in the oceanic samples from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. These ages affirm that hydrothermal petroleum formation is a very rapid process and took place some time between the latest Pleistocene and the present in these active hydrothermal systems. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP SIMONEIT, BRT (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI SIMONEIT, BERND/A-2008-2013 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 21 IS 5 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90103-1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NQ291 UT WOS:A1994NQ29100010 ER PT J AU BENSON, L AF BENSON, L TI CARBONATE DEPOSITION, PYRAMID LAKE SUBBASIN, NEVADA .1. SEQUENCE OF FORMATION AND ELEVATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF CARBONATE DEPOSITS (TUFAS) SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAHONTAN BASIN; PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; CACO3.6H2O; IKAITE; LEVEL AB During the late Quaternary, the elevation of terrace cutting and carbonate deposition in the Pyramid Lake subbasin were controlled by constancy of lake level imposed by spill to adjoining subbasins. Sill elevations are 1177-1183 m (Mud Lake Slough Sill), 1207 m (Emerson Pass Sill), and 1265 m (Darwin Pass Sill). Carbonate deposition was favored by: (1) hydrologic closure, (2) proximity to a source of calcium, (3) elevated water temperature, and (4) a solid substrate. The thickness and aspect of tufa are a function of lake-level dynamics. Relatively thin sheets and pendant sheets were deposited during a rising or falling lake. The upper parts of thick reef-form tufas have a horizontal aspect and were deposited in a lake which was stabilized by spill to the Carson Desert subbasin. The lower parts of the reef-form tufas are thinner and their outer surface has a vertical aspect, indicating that the lower part formed in a receding lake. The thickest and most complete sequences of tufa are mounds that border the Pyramid Lake shore. The tops of the tallest mounds reach the elevation of the Darwin Pass Sill and many mounds have been eroded to the elevations of the Mud Lake Slough Sill or the Emerson Pass Sill. The sequence of tufa formation (from oldest to youngest) displayed in these mounds is: (1) a beachrock containing carbonate-cemented volcanic cobbles, (2) broken and eroded old spheroids that contain thinolitic tufa and an outer rind of dense laminated tufa, (3) large cylindrical (tubular) tufas capped by (4) coatings of old dense tufas, and (5) several generations of old branching tufa commonly associated with thin, platy tufas and coatings of thinolitic tufa, (6) young spheroids that contain poorly oriented young thinolitic tufa in the center and several generations of radially oriented young thinolitic tufas near the outer edge, (7) a transitional thinolite-to-branching tufa, (8) two or more layers of young branching tufa, (9) a 0.5-cm-thick layer of fine-grained dolomite, (10) a 2-cm-thick layer of young dense laminated tufa, (11) a 0.1-cm-thick layer of encrusting tufa that was covered by a beach deposit and (12) a 1.0-cm-thick layer of porous encrusting tufa that coated the beach deposit and the sides of tufa mounds. The elevational ranges of the principal varieties of tufa are not related to terrace or spill elevations. It seems likely that the distribution of tufa varieties is related to variation in the thermal structure or chemistry of Lake Lahontan. It is hypothesized that the thinolitic tufa (ikaite) formed in the near freezing hypolimnion and the branching tufa (calcite) formed in the seasonally warmer epiliminion of the lake. RP BENSON, L (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 21 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 109 IS 1 BP 55 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90118-X PG 33 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA NX256 UT WOS:A1994NX25600002 ER PT J AU LOVELAND, TR MERCHANT, JW AF LOVELAND, TR MERCHANT, JW TI SPECIAL ISSUE - LARGE-AREA LAND-COVER CHARACTERIZATION - FOREWORD SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,INST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,DIV CONSERVAT & SURVEY,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP LOVELAND, TR (reprint author), USGS,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57201, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NW256 UT WOS:A1994NW25600003 ER PT J AU CHAVEZ, PS MACKINNON, DJ AF CHAVEZ, PS MACKINNON, DJ TI AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF VEGETATION CHANGES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES USING REMOTELY-SENSED IMAGES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; WIND EROSION; IN-FLIGHT; LANDSAT; INDEXES; SENSORS AB The capability to automatically detect vegetation changes using multitemporal remotely sensed image data is of up-most importance to many global-change research projects. A procedure to automatically map vegetation changes within arid and semi-arid regions of the southwestern United States is presented. Multitemporal Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) images were the primary data source, but some preliminary work was also done using same-date Visible-Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (VISSR) data for comparison with the mss results. The change-detection procedure includes multitemporal image calibration using a hybrid method that we developed for the project, the hybrid calibration allows a radiometric calibration to be applied to historical data by using field-radiance information rather than a modeling procedure. The results indicate that a calibrated visible band is more sensitive than the widely used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in detecting vegetation changes in the arid and semi-arid environments of the southwestern United States. Changes were detected in the desert environment, where the vegetation density is relatively low, with both Landsat mss and GoEs VISSR images. Some changes detected by the automatic procedure were confirmed in the field during two of the Landsat overpasses. The changes corresponded mostly to the blooming of ephemeral or annual vegetation. RP CHAVEZ, PS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 29 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 60 IS 5 BP 571 EP 583 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NW256 UT WOS:A1994NW25600010 ER PT J AU STURCHIO, NC PIERCE, KL MURRELL, MT SOREY, ML AF STURCHIO, NC PIERCE, KL MURRELL, MT SOREY, ML TI URANIUM-SERIES AGES OF TRAVERTINES AND TIMING OF THE LAST GLACIATION IN THE NORTHERN YELLOWSTONE AREA, WYOMING-MONTANA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE CHANGE; NATIONAL-PARK; GREENLAND ICE; DEVILS-HOLE; TIME-SCALE; RECORD; STRATIGRAPHY; CHRONOLOGY; ISOTOPES; CALCITE AB Uranium-series age determinations by mass spectrometric methods were done for travertines and associated carbonate veins related to clastic deposits of the last glaciation (Pinedale) in the northern Yellowstone area. Dramatic variations in the hydrologic head are inferred from variations in the elevation of travertine deposition with time and are consistent with the expected hydrologic effects of glaciation. We determine the following chronology of the Pinedale Glaciation, with the key assumption that travertine deposits (and associated carbonate veins) perched high above present thermal springs were deposited when glaciers filled the valley below these perched deposits: (1) the early Pinedale outlet glacier advanced well downvalley between 47,000 and 34,000 yr B.P.; (2) the outlet glacier receded to an interstadial position between 34,000 and 30,000 yr B.P.; (3) an extensive Pinedale ice advance occurred between 30,000 and 22,500 yr B.P.; (4) a major recession occurred between 22,500 and 19,500 yr B.P.; (5) a minor readvance (Deckard Flats) culminated after 19,500 yr B.P.; and (6) recession from the Deckard Flats position was completed before 15,500 yr B.P. This chronology is consistent with the general trend of climatic changes in the northern hemisphere as revealed by recent high-resolution ice-core records from the Greenland ice sheet. (C) 1994 University of Washington. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP STURCHIO, NC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,CMT-205,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 41 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1030 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NM451 UT WOS:A1994NM45100002 ER PT J AU RIEHLE, JR AF RIEHLE, JR TI HETEROGENEITY, CORRELATIVES, AND PROPOSED STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE OF HAYES TEPHRA SET-H, ALASKA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MARKER HORIZON; DEPOSITS AB Several Holocene tephra deposits of Hayes volcano constitute a marker horizon in southern and east-central Alaska. Their identification is aided by high amphibole/pyroxene ratio and biotite in trace amounts, unique among Holocene tephra deposits of the region. However, correlations are obscured by chemical heterogeneity of the glass which occurs at a scale less than the size of a lapilli. Single-shard analyses confirm that the heterogeneity is due neither to fractionation nor to plagioclase microlites. The heterogeneity may be due to mixing of magmas prior to eruption. It is proposed that the deposits be informally called Hayes tephra set H. (C) 1994 University of Washington. RP RIEHLE, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 905,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 41 IS 3 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1032 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NM451 UT WOS:A1994NM45100004 ER PT J AU SIWICKI, AK ANDERSON, DP RUMSEY, GL AF SIWICKI, AK ANDERSON, DP RUMSEY, GL TI DIETARY-INTAKE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS BY RAINBOW-TROUT AFFECTS NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY AND PROTECTION AGAINST FURUNCULOSIS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SALMO-SALAR L; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ENHANCEMENT; RESISTANCE; DIMETHYLGLYCINE AB Immunostimulant preparations Macrogard (R), Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Evetsel (R) Chitosan (R), or FinnStim (R) were mixed into semipurified diets and fed to groups of rainbow trout for 1 week. Fish were bled by non-lethal caudal puncture and blood samples assayed for changes in nonspecific cellular immunity and humoral protein levels. In the immunostimulated fish, hematocrit levels and lymphocyte counts remained relatively stable; however, elevations were observed in oxidative radical release, myeloperoxidase activity, phagocytic indexes, and potential killing activities of phagocytic cells including neutrophils. Total plasma protein and total immunoglobulin levels were elevated by the dietary immunostimulants. A challenge with the virulent pathogen that causes furunculosis, Aeromonas salmonicida, showed that the immunostimulated groups of fish were more resistant to the disease, confirming the potential use of these substances in fish culture for the prevention of disease. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,IMMUNOL SECT,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. INLAND FISHERIES INST,ICHTHYOPATHOL & IMMUNOL LAB,PL-05500 PIASECZNO,POLAND. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,TUNISON LAB FISH NUTR,CORTLAND,NY 13045. NR 41 TC 326 Z9 367 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90062-0 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA NL492 UT WOS:A1994NL49200010 PM 8066989 ER PT J AU KIRK, EJ PERRY, SA AF KIRK, EJ PERRY, SA TI A COMPARISON OF 3 ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATE SAMPLERS - MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES, TAXA RICHNESS, AND EASE OF USE SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MACROINVERTEBRATES; SAMPLERS; SURFACE WATER AB Density, taxa richness, and composition of macroinvertebrates collected by three types of samplers were compared to determine their relative effectiveness for sampling in large rivers. Three multiplate samplers and three gravel basket samplers were deployed in the water column, and three large-cobble basket samplers were deployed on the river bottom. Two sites were sampled at monthly intervals from October 1988 to November 1989. Macroinvertebrate densities were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the three sampler types. Mean monthly macroinvertebrate density was highest on the multiplate samplers at both sites-1 742 and 1 239 macroinvertebrates/m2 and was lowest on the large-cobble basket samplers at both sites-174 and 266 macroinvertebrates/m2. Mean monthly macroinvertebrate density was moderate on the gravel basket samplers at both sites-278 and 472 macroinvertebrates/m2. Mean monthly taxa richness was generally higher on the gravel basket and large-cobble basket samplers than on the multiplate samplers. Multiplate samplers collected larger numbers of Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Trichoptera, and Ephemeroptera, but were least effective at collecting Turbellaria, burrowing Ephemeroptera, Odonata, and Mollusca. Gravel basket samplers collected larger numbers of Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Crustacea, and Ephemeroptera, and in addition collected more Odonata and Mollusca. Large-cobble basket samplers collected more burrowing Ephemeroptera. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,COOPERAT RES UNIT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 193 EP 198 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NR199 UT WOS:A1994NR19900003 ER PT J AU OSTERKAMP, WR LANE, LJ SAVARD, CS AF OSTERKAMP, WR LANE, LJ SAVARD, CS TI RECHARGE ESTIMATES USING A GEOMORPHIC DISTRIBUTED-PARAMETER SIMULATION APPROACH, AMARGOSA RIVER BASIN SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DISTRIBUTED-PARAMETER SIMULATION; RECHARGE; TRANSMISSION LOSS; WATER BALANCE ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; DESERT AB Average-annual volumes of runoff, evapotranspiration, channel loss, upland (interchannel) recharge, and total recharge were estimated for watersheds of 53 channel sites in the Amargosa River basin above Shoshone, California. Estimates were based on a water-balance approach combining field techniques for determining streamflow with distributed-parameter simulation models to calculate transmission losses of ephemeral streamflow and upland recharge resulting from high-magnitude, low-frequency precipitation events. Application of the water-balance models to the Amargosa River basin, Nevada and California, including part of the Nevada Test Site, suggests that about 20.5 million cubic meters of water recharges the ground-water reservoir above Shoshone annually. About 1.6 percent of precipitation becomes recharge basinwide. About 90 percent of the recharge is by transmission loss in channels, and the remainder occurs when infrequent storms yield sufficient precipitation that soil water percolates beyond the rooting zone and reaches the zone of saturation from interchannel areas. Highest rates of recharge are in headwaters of the Amargosa River and Fortymile Wash; the least recharge occurs in areas of relatively low precipitation in the lowermost Amargosa River watershed. C1 USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719. US GEOL SURVEY,HYDROL RES FACIL,MERCURY,NV 89023. RP OSTERKAMP, WR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 413,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 493 EP 507 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300013 ER PT J AU MCMAHON, PB LITKE, DW PASCHAL, JE DENNEHY, KF AF MCMAHON, PB LITKE, DW PASCHAL, JE DENNEHY, KF TI GROUND-WATER AS A SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS AND ATRAZINE TO STREAMS IN THE SOUTH PLATTE RIVER BASIN SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; CHANNEL; ZONE AB Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, and atrazine were measured in streams and ground water beneath the streams at 23 sites in the South Platte River basin of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming to assess: (1) the role of ground water as a source of nutrients and atrazine to streams in the basin, and (2) the effect of land-use setting on this process. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, and atrazine were higher in ground water than in the overlying streams at 2, 12, 12, and 3 of 19 sites, respectively, where there was not a measurable hydraulic gradient directed from the stream to the ground water. Orthophosphate was the only constituent that had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentration in ground water than in surface water for a given land-use setting (range land). Redox conditions in ground water were more important than land-use setting in influencing whether ground water was a source of elevated nitrite plus nitrate concentrations to streams in the basin. The ratios of nitrite plus nitrate in ground water/surface were were significantly lower (p < 0.05) at sites having concentrations of dissolved oxygen in ground water < 0.5 mg/L than at sites having dissolved oxygen concentrations > 0.5 mg/L. Elevated concentrations of ammonia or atrazine in ground water occurred at sites in close proximity to likely sources of ammonia or atrazine, regardless of land-use setting. These results indicate that land-use setting is not the only factor that influences whether ground water is a source of elevated nutrient and atrazine concentrations to streams in the South Platte River Basin. RP MCMAHON, PB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MAIL STOP 415,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 521 EP 530 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300015 ER PT J AU LOPEZ, NC AF LOPEZ, NC TI WATER-RESOURCES AND THE INFOBAHN SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material RP LOPEZ, NC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 417,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP R3 EP R4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NV623 UT WOS:A1994NV62300001 ER PT J AU STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH KUSTAS, WP NICHOLS, WD AMER, SA SCHMUGGE, TJ WELTZ, MA AF STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH KUSTAS, WP NICHOLS, WD AMER, SA SCHMUGGE, TJ WELTZ, MA TI INTERPRETATION OF SURFACE FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN DURING THE MONSOON 90 EXPERIMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EDDY-CORRELATION; HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY; SYSTEM AB A network of 9-m-tall surface flux measurement stations were deployed at eight sparsely vegetated sites during the Monsoon '90 experiment to measure net radiation, Q, soil heat flux, G, sensible heat flux, H (using eddy correlation), and latent heat flux, lambdaE (using the energy balance equation). At four of these sites, 2-m-tall eddy correlation systems were used to measure all four fluxes directly. Also a 2-m-tall Bowen ratio system was deployed at one site. Magnitudes of the energy balance closure (Q + G + H + lambdaE) increased as the complexity of terrain increased. The daytime Bowen ratio decreased from about 10 before the monsoon season to about 0.3 during the monsoons. Source areas of the measurements are developed and compared to scales of heterogeneity arising from the sparse vegetation and the topography. There was very good agreement among simultaneous measurements of Q with the same model sensor at different heights (representing different source areas), but poor agreement among different brands of sensors. Comparisons of simultaneous measurements of G suggest that because of the extremely small source area, extreme care in sensor deployment is necessary for accurate measurement in sparse canopies. A recently published model to estimate fetch is used to interpret measurements of H at the 2 m and 9 m heights. Three sites were characterized by undulating topography, with ridgetops separated by about 200-600 m. At these sites, sensors were located on ridgetops, and the 9-m fetch included the adjacent valley, whereas the 2-m fetch was limited to the immediate ridgetop and hillside. Before the monsoons began, vegetation was mostly dormant, the watershed was uniformly hot and dry, and the two measurements of H were in close agreement. After the monsoons began and vegetation fully matured, the 2-m measurements of H were significantly greater than the 9-m measurements, presumably because the vegetation in the valleys was denser and cooler than on the ridgetops and hillsides. At one lowland site with little topographic relief, the vegetation was more uniform, and the two measurements of H were in close agreement during peak vegetation. Values of lambdaE could only be compared at two sites, but the 9-m values were greater than the 2-m values, suggesting lambdaE from the dense vegetation in the valleys was greater than elsewhere. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV 89701. USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP STANNARD, DI (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MAIL STOP 413,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 35 TC 94 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1227 EP 1239 DI 10.1029/93WR03037 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700003 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS HUMES, KS STANNARD, DI PINTER, PJ HIPPS, LE SWIATEK, E GOODRICH, DC AF KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS HUMES, KS STANNARD, DI PINTER, PJ HIPPS, LE SWIATEK, E GOODRICH, DC TI SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE ESTIMATES AT LOCAL AND REGIONAL SCALES USING OPTICAL REMOTE-SENSING FROM AN AIRCRAFT PLATFORM AND ATMOSPHERIC DATA COLLECTED OVER SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL HEAT-FLUX; THERMAL-INFRARED DATA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SATELLITE DATA; HAPEX-MOBILHY; NET-RADIATION; MOISTURE AVAILABILITY; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; METEOROLOGICAL DATA AB Remotely sensed data in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal-infrared wave bands were collected from a low-flying aircraft during the Monsoon '90 field experiment. Monsoon '90 was a multidisciplinary experiment conducted in a semiarid watershed. It had as one of its objectives the quantification of hydrometeorological fluxes during the ''monsoon'' or wet season. The remote sensing observations along with micrometeorological and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data were used to compute the surface energy balance over a range of spatial scales. The procedure involved averaging multiple pixels along transects flown over the meteorological and flux (METFLUX) stations. Average values of the spectral reflectance and thermal-infrared temperatures were computed for pixels of order 10(-1) to 10(1) km in length and were used with atmospheric data for evaluating net radiation (R(n)), soil heat flux (G), and sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes at these same length scales. The model employs a single-layer resistance approach for estimating H that requires wind speed and air temperature in the ABL and a remotely sensed surface temperature. The values of R(n) and G are estimated from remote sensing information together with near-surface observations of air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. Finally, LE is solved as the residual term in the surface energy balance equation. Model calculations were compared to measurements from the METFLUX network for three days having different environmental conditions. Average percent differences for the three days between model and the METFLUX estimates of the local fluxes were about 5% for R(n), 20% for G and H, and 15% for LE. Larger differences occurred during partly cloudy conditions because of errors in interpreting the remote sensing data and the higher spatial and temporal variation in the energy fluxes. Minor variations in modeled energy fluxes were observed when the pixel size representing the remote sensing inputs changed from 0.2 to 2 km. Regional scale estimates of the surface energy balance using bulk ABL properties for the model parameters and input variables and the 10-km pixel data differed from the METFLUX network averages by about 4% for R(n), 10% for G and H, and 15% for LE. Model sensitivity in calculating the turbulent fluxes H and LE to possible variations in key model parameters (i.e., the roughness lengths for heat and momentum) was found to be fairly significant. Therefore the reliability of the methods for estimating key model parameters and potential errors needs further testing over different ecosystems and environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DIV WATER RESOURCES, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, USDA ARS, 4331 E BROADWAY RD, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 107 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1241 EP 1259 DI 10.1029/93WR03038 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700004 ER PT J AU HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA AF HUMES, KS KUSTAS, WP MORAN, MS NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA TI VARIABILITY OF EMISSIVITY AND SURFACE-TEMPERATURE OVER A SPARSELY VEGETATED SURFACE SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; THERMAL-RADIATION; WHEAT CANOPY; HEAT-FLUX; ROW CROP; MODEL; SOIL; WATER AB Radiometric surface temperatures obtained from remote sensing measurements are a function of both the physical surface temperature and the effective emissivity of the surface within the band pass of the radiometric measurement. For sparsely vegetated areas, however, a sensor views significant fractions of both bare soil and various vegetation types. In this case the radiometric response of a sensor is a function of the emissivities and kinetic temperatures of various surface elements, the proportion of those surface elements within the field of view of the sensor, and the interaction of radiation emitted from the various surface components. In order to effectively utilize thermal remote sensing data to quantify energy balance components for a sparsely vegetated area, it is important to examine the typical magnitude and degree of variability of emissivity and surface temperature for such surfaces. Surface emissivity measurements and ground and low-altitude-aircraft-based surface temperature measurements (8-13 mum band pass) made in conjunction with the Monsoon '90 field experiment were used to evaluate the typical variability of those quantities during the summer rainy season in a semiarid watershed. The average value for thermal band emissivity of the exposed bare soil portions of the surface was found to be approximately 0.96; the average value measured for most of the varieties of desert shrubs present was approximately 0.99. Surface composite emissivity was estimated to be approximately 0.98 for both the grass-dominated and shrub-dominated portions of the watershed. The spatial variability of surface temperature was found to be highly dependent on the spatial scale of integration for the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of the instrument, the spatial scale of the total area under evaluation, and the time of day. For the conditions which existed during most of the Monsoon '90 experiment, the differences in kinetic (physical) temperature between the vegetation and soil background were typically between 10-degrees and 25-degrees-C at midday. These differences gave rise to large variations in radiometric composite surface temperatures observed with a ground-based instrument configuration which allowed a ground IFOV of approximately 0.5 m. An evaluation of the frequency distribution for these observations indicated that the variance in surface temperature observed over an intensively sampled target area (approximately 500 m x 120 m) increased significantly in the early to late morning hours of a typical diurnal heating cycle. For aircraft-based composite radiometric temperature measurements at the watershed scale (with ground IFOV of approximately 40 m for each observation), much of the variability in surface temperature due to differences in soil and vegetation temperature was integrated into a single measurement; consequently, the variance between observations over the watershed was not significantly larger than those observed at length scales of 100 m. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, CARSON CITY, NV 89719 USA. USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVAT LAB, PHOENIX, AZ 85040 USA. RP HUMES, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 7,ROOM 104, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1310 DI 10.1029/93WR03065 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700009 ER PT J AU MORAN, MS KUSTAS, WP VIDAL, A STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH NICHOLS, WD AF MORAN, MS KUSTAS, WP VIDAL, A STANNARD, DI BLANFORD, JH NICHOLS, WD TI USE OF GROUND-BASED REMOTELY-SENSED DATA FOR SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE EVALUATION OF A SEMIARID RANGELAND SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STATION METEOROLOGICAL DATA; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; NET-RADIATION; EDDY-CORRELATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; CALIBRATION; WHEAT; RATIO AB An interdisciplinary field experiment was conducted to study the water and energy balance of a semiarid rangeland watershed in southeast Arizona during the summer of 1990. Two subwatersheds, one grass dominated and the other shrub dominated, were selected for intensive study with ground-based remote sensing systems and hydrometeorological instrumentation. Surface energy balance was evaluated at both sites using direct and indirect measurements of the turbulent fluxes (eddy correlation, variance, and Bowen ratio methods) and using an aerodynamic approach based on remote measurements of surface reflectance and temperature and conventional meteorological information. Estimates of net radiant flux density (R(n)), derived from measurements of air temperature, incoming solar radiation, and surface temperature and radiance compared well with values measured using a net radiometer (mean absolute difference (MAD) congruent-to 50 W/m2 over a range from 115 to 670 W/m2). Soil heat flux density (G) was estimated using a relation between G/R(n) and a spectral vegetation index computed from the red and near-infrared surface reflectance. These G estimates compared well with conventional measurements of G using buried soil heat flux plates (MAD congruent-to 20 W/m2 over a range from - 13 to 213 W/m2). In order to account for the effects of sparse vegetation, semiempirical adjustments to the single-layer bulk aerodynamic resistance approach were required for evaluation of sensible heat flux density (H). This yielded differences between measurements and remote estimates of H of approximately 33 W/m2 over a range from 13 to 303 W/m2. The resulting estimates of latent heat flux density, LE, were of the same magnitude and trend as measured values; however, a significant scatter was still observed: MAD congruent-to 40 W/M2 over a range from 0 to 340 W/m2. Because LE was solved as a residual, there was a cumulative effect of errors associated with remote estimates of R(n), G, and H. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV 89701. CEMAGREF,ENGREF,REMOTE SENSING LAB,F-34033 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MORAN, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. RI Vidal, Alain/A-3986-2009 NR 45 TC 74 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1339 EP 1349 DI 10.1029/93WR03064 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700013 ER PT J AU KUSTAS, WP BLANFORD, JH STANNARD, DI DAUGHTRY, CST NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA AF KUSTAS, WP BLANFORD, JH STANNARD, DI DAUGHTRY, CST NICHOLS, WD WELTZ, MA TI LOCAL ENERGY FLUX ESTIMATES FOR UNSTABLE CONDITIONS USING VARIANCE DATA IN SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; EDDY-CORRELATION; SURFACE-LAYER; SENSIBLE HEAT; TEMPERATURE; TERRAIN; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB A network of meteorological stations was installed during the Monsoon '90 field campaign in the Walnut Gulch experimental watershed. The study area has a fairly complex surface. The vegetation cover is heterogeneous and sparse, and the terrain is mildly hilly, but dissected by ephemeral channels. Besides measurement of some of the standard weather data such as wind speed, air temperature, and solar radiation, these sites also contained instruments for estimating the local surface energy balance. The approach utilized measurements of net radiation (R(n)), soil heat flux (G) and Monin-Obukhov similarity theory applied to first- and second-order turbulent statistics of wind speed and temperature for determining the sensible heat flux (H). The latent heat flux (LE) was solved as a residual in the surface energy balance equation, namely, LE = -(R(n) + G + H). This procedure (VAR-RESID) for estimating the energy fluxes satisfied monetary constraints and the requirement for low maintenance and continued operation through the harsh environmental conditions experienced in semiarid regions. Comparison of energy fluxes using this approach with more traditional eddy correlation techniques showed differences were within 20% under unstable conditions. Similar variability in flux estimates over the study area was present in the eddy correlation data. Hence, estimates of H and LE using the VAR-RESID approach under unstable conditions were considered satisfactory. Also, with second-order statistics of vertical velocity collected at several sites, the local momentum roughness length was estimated. This is an important parameter used in, modeling the turbulent transfer of momentum and sensible heat fluxes across the surface-atmosphere interface. C1 UNIV ARIZONA, INST ATMOSPHER PHYS, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, CARSON CITY, NV 89701 USA. USDA ARS, SW WATERSHED RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, DIV WATER RESOURCES, LAKEWOOD, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, REMOTE SENSING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HYDROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1361 DI 10.1029/93WR03084 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700014 ER PT J AU NAFF, RL AF NAFF, RL TI AN EULERIAN SCHEME FOR THE 2ND-ORDER APPROXIMATION OF SUBSURFACE TRANSPORT MOMENTS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; STRATIFIED AQUIFER; POROUS-MEDIA; BORDEN SITE; DISPERSION; GROUNDWATER; MACRODISPERSION; FLOW AB The moments of a conservative tracer cloud migrating in a mean uniform flow field are estimated using an operator approximation scheme; results are presented for the second, third, and fourth central moments in the mean flow direction. It is assumed that the spatially variable flow field, and therefore the tracer migration problem itself, is amenable to a probabilistic description; the effects of local dispersion on cloud migration are neglected in this study. Variation in the flow field is assumed to be the result of spatial variation in the hydraulic conductivity; spatial variation in porosity is assumed negligible. The operator approximation scheme, as implemented in this study, is second-order correct, which requires a second-order correct approximation of the velocity field correlation structure. Because estimation of the velocity correlation structure is decidedly the most difficult aspect of second-order analysis, an ad hoc extension of the imperfectly stratified approximation developed earlier is implemented for this purpose. The first-order approximation resulting from the operator expansion scheme is equivalent to small perturbation Eulerian results presented earlier (Naff, 1990, 1992). The infinite-order approximation resulting from this scheme is equivalent to the exponential operator results obtained by Van Kampen (1976). RP NAFF, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 413,BOX 25046,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1439 EP 1455 DI 10.1029/94WR00220 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700022 ER PT J AU VROBLESKY, DA CHAPELLE, FH AF VROBLESKY, DA CHAPELLE, FH TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES OF TERMINAL ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES IN A PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER AND THE SIGNIFICANCE FOR CONTAMINANT BIODEGRADATION SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SULFATE; MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION; TOLUENE; IRON; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; CULTURES; BENZENE AB Measurements of dissolved hydrogen and other biologically active solutes in groundwater from a shallow petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer indicate that the distribution of microbial terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs), such as methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, and ferric iron (Fe (III)) reduction, is highly dynamic in both time and space. Delivery of sulfate to methanogenic zones by infiltrating recharge or lateral transport can result in a TEAP shift from methanogenesis to sulfate reduction. Conversely, lack of recharge and consumption of available sulfate can result in a shift from sulfate reduction to methanogenesis. Temporal shifts between sulfate and Fe (III) reduction were also observed. Time lags associated with TEAP shifts ranged from less than 10 days to about 3 1/2 months. The relation between TEAP and biodegradation rates of a variety of organic compounds indicate that biodegradation rates of petroleum hydrocarbons probably vary temporally and spatially in a contaminated aquifer. RP VROBLESKY, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,STEVENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 24 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1561 EP 1570 DI 10.1029/94WR00067 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NJ817 UT WOS:A1994NJ81700032 ER PT J AU POWELL, CA BOLLINGER, GA CHAPMAN, MC SIBOL, MS JOHNSTON, AC WHEELER, RL AF POWELL, CA BOLLINGER, GA CHAPMAN, MC SIBOL, MS JOHNSTON, AC WHEELER, RL TI A SEISMOTECTONIC MODEL FOR THE 300-KILOMETER-LONG EASTERN TENNESSEE SEISMIC ZONE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BENEATH AB Ten years of monitoring microearthquakes with a regional seismic network has revealed the presence of a well-defined, linear zone of seismic activity in eastern Tennessee. This. zone produced the second highest release of seismic strain energy in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the last decade, when normalized by crustal area. The data indicate that seismicity produced by regional, intraplate stresses is now concentrating near the boundary between relatively strong and weak basement crustal blocks. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,SEISMOL OBSERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,CTR EARTHQUAKE RES & INFORMAT,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP POWELL, CA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5159 BP 686 EP 688 DI 10.1126/science.264.5159.686 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NH713 UT WOS:A1994NH71300027 PM 17737953 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, RA TANAKA, KL AF SCHULTZ, RA TANAKA, KL TI LITHOSPHERIC-SCALE BUCKLING AND THRUST STRUCTURES ON MARS - THE COPRATES RISE AND SOUTH THARSIS RIDGE BELT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID INDO-AUSTRALIAN PLATE; VALLES MARINERIS; INTRAPLATE DEFORMATION; GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES; REPEATED EARTHQUAKES; TECTONIC HISTORY; INDIAN-OCEAN; UPLIFT; PLANUM; FAULTS AB Detailed photogeologic mapping documents for the first time the deformation sequence of the Coprates rise. Materials of Middle Noachian through perhaps Early Hesperian age were involved in the horizontal shortening of crustal and lithospheric rocks that produced uplift and asymmetric, east-vergent folding of these layers during the Late Noachian and perhaps Early Hesperian. Previous suggestions of normal faulting as the deforming mechanism are not supported by the new mapping or by dislocation models of rise topography. The most likely mechanism for producing the Coprates rise is folding due to buckling instability and perhaps thrust faulting. An extensive ridge belt concentric to south Tharsis is defined by a newly recognized system of approximately coeval long-wavelength topographic ridges and swales that include the Coprates rise. Horizontal shortening of crust and lithosphere is manifested by periodically spaced structures at two different scales: wrinkle ridges spaced tens of kilometers apart and the south Tharsis system of ridges spaced hundreds of kilometers apart. Both types of structures may be associated with early volcanotectonic activity and crustal thickening in south Tharsis. These and other large ridges indicate that lithospheric buckling and thrust faulting may have been common on early Mars. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP SCHULTZ, RA (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,MACKAY SCH MINES 172,DEPT GEOL SCI,GEOMECH ROCK FRACTURE GRP,RENO,NV 89557, USA. RI Schultz, Richard/J-4015-2015 OI Schultz, Richard/0000-0003-3198-5263 NR 61 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 25 PY 1994 VL 99 IS E4 BP 8371 EP 8385 DI 10.1029/94JE00277 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NJ072 UT WOS:A1994NJ07200002 ER PT J AU KELLER, M STALLARD, RF AF KELLER, M STALLARD, RF TI METHANE EMISSION BY BUBBLING FROM GATUN LAKE, PANAMA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MARINE BASIN; AMAZONIAN FLOODPLAIN; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SATURATED SEDIMENTS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; GAS-TRANSPORT; RICE PADDIES; FRESH-WATER; CARBON AB We studied methane emission by bubbling from Gatun Lake, Panama, at water depths of less than 1 m to about 10 m. Gas bubbles were collected in floating traps deployed during 12- to 60-hour observation periods. Comparison of floating traps and floating chambers showed that about 98% of methane emission occurred by bubbling and only 2% occurred by diffusion. Average methane concentration of bubbles at our sites varied from 67% to 77%. Methane emission by bubbling occurred episodically, with greatest rates primarily between the hours of 0800 and 1400 LT. Events appear to be triggered by wind. The flux of methane associated with bubbling was strongly anticorrelated with water depth. Seasonal changes in water depth caused seasonal variation of methane emission. Bubble methane fluxes through the lake surface into the atmosphere measured during 24-hour intervals were least (10-200 mg m-2 d-1) at deeper sites (>7 m) and greatest (300-2000 mg m-2 d-1) at shallow sites (<2 m). C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 37 TC 92 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D4 BP 8307 EP 8319 DI 10.1029/92JD02170 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NH263 UT WOS:A1994NH26300022 ER PT J AU LEVANDER, A FUIS, GS WISSINGER, ES LUTTER, WJ OLDOW, JS MOORE, TE AF LEVANDER, A FUIS, GS WISSINGER, ES LUTTER, WJ OLDOW, JS MOORE, TE TI SEISMIC IMAGES OF THE BROOKS RANGE FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT, ARCTIC ALASKA, FROM AN INTEGRATED SEISMIC-REFLECTION REFRACTION EXPERIMENT SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Seismic Reflection Probing of the Continents and Their Margins CY SEP 06-12, 1992 CL BANFF, CANADA SP GEOL SURVEY CANADA, LITHOPROBE SECRETARIAT, INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTHS INTERIOR, INT LITHOSPHERE PROGRAM, CANADIAN SOC EXPLORAT GEOPHYS, INCO CANADA LTD ID PASSCAL OUACHITA EXPERIMENT; DEPTH MIGRATION AB We describe results of an integrated seismic reflection/refraction experiment across the Brooks Range and flanking geologic provinces in Arctic Alaska. The seismic acquisition was unusual in that reflection and refraction data were collected simultaneously with a 700 channel seismograph system deployed numerous times along a 315 km profile. Shot records show continuous Moho reflections from 0-180 km offset, as well as numerous upper- and mid-crustal wide-angle events. Single and low-fold near-vertical incidence common midpoint (CMP) reflection images show complex upper- and middle-crustal structure across the range from the unmetamorphosed Endicott Mountains allochthon (EMA) in the north, to the metamorphic belts in the south. Lower-crustal and Moho reflections are visible across the entire reflection profile. Travel-time inversion of PmP arrivals shows that the Moho, at 33 km depth beneath the North Slope foothills, deepens abruptly beneath the EMA to a maximum of 46 km, and then shallows southward to 35 km at the southern edge of the range. Two zones of upper- and middle-crustal reflections underlie the northern Brooks Range above approximately 12-15 km depth. The upper zone, interpreted as the base of the EMA, lies at a maximum depth of 6 km and extends over 50 km from the range front to the north central Brooks Range where the base of the EMA outcrops above the metasedimentary rocks exposed in the Doonerak window. We interpret the base of the lower zone, at approximately 12 km depth, to be from carbonate rocks above the master detachment upon which the Brooks Range formed. The seismic data suggest that the master detachment is connected to the faults in the EMA by several ramps. In the highly metamorphosed terranes south of the Doonerak window, the CMP section shows numerous south-dipping events which we interpret as a crustal scale duplex involving the Doonerak window rocks. The basal detachment reflections can be traced approximately 100 km, and dip southward from about 10-12 km near the range front, to 14-18 km beneath the Doonerak window, to 26-28 km beneath the metamorphic belts in the central Brooks Range. The section documents middle- and lower-crustal involvement in the formation of the Brooks Range. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP LEVANDER, A (reprint author), RICE UNIV,POB 1892,HOUSTON,TX 77251, USA. RI Levander, Alan/A-3543-2011; OI Levander, Alan/0000-0002-1048-0488; Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 232 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90073-6 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NP812 UT WOS:A1994NP81200003 ER PT J AU MARILLIER, F HALL, J HUGHES, S LOUDEN, K REID, I ROBERTS, B CLOWES, R COTE, T FOWLER, J GUEST, S LU, H LUETGERT, J QUINLAN, G SPENCER, C WRIGHT, J AF MARILLIER, F HALL, J HUGHES, S LOUDEN, K REID, I ROBERTS, B CLOWES, R COTE, T FOWLER, J GUEST, S LU, H LUETGERT, J QUINLAN, G SPENCER, C WRIGHT, J TI LITHOPROBE EAST ONSHORE OFFSHORE SEISMIC-REFRACTION SURVEY - CONSTRAINTS ON INTERPRETATION OF REFLECTION DATA IN THE NEWFOUNDLAND APPALACHIANS SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Seismic Reflection Probing of the Continents and Their Margins CY SEP 06-12, 1992 CL BANFF, CANADA SP GEOL SURVEY CANADA, LITHOPROBE SECRETARIAT, INT ASSOC SEISMOL & PHYS EARTHS INTERIOR, INT LITHOSPHERE PROGRAM, CANADIAN SOC EXPLORAT GEOPHYS, INCO CANADA LTD ID CANADIAN APPALACHIANS; COLLISION; VELOCITY; BELTS AB Combined onshore-offshore seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data have been acquired across Newfoundland, eastern Canada, to investigate the structural architecture of the northern Appalachians, particularly of distinct crustal zones recognized from earlier Lithoprobe vertical incidence studies. A western crustal unit, correlated with the Grenville province of the Laurentian plate margin thins from 44 to 40 km and a portion of the lower crust becomes highly reflective with velocities of 7.2 km/s. In central Newfoundland, beneath the central mobile belt, the crust thins to 35 km or less and is marked by average continental velocities, not exceeding 7.0 km/s in the lower crust. Further east, in a crustal unit underlying the Avalon zone and associated with the Gondwanan plate margin, the crust is 40 km thick, and has velocities of 6.8 km/s in the lower crust. Explanations for the thin crust beneath the central mobile belt include (1) post-orogenic isostatic readjustment associated with a density in the mantle which is lower beneath this part of the orogen than beneath the margin, (2) mechanical thinning at the base of the crust during orogenic collapse perhaps caused by delamination, and (3) transformation by phase change of a gabbroic lower crust to eclogite which seismologically would be difficult to distinguish from mantle. Except for a single profile in western Newfoundland, velocities in the crust are of typical continental affinity with lower-crustal velocities less than 7.0 km/s. This indicates that there was no significant magmatic underplating under the Newfoundland Appalachians during Mesozoic rifting of the Atlantic Ocean as proposed elsewhere for the New England Appalachians. A mid-crustal velocity discontinuity observed in the Newfoundland region does not coincide with any consistent reflection pattern on vertical incidence profiles. However, we suggest that localized velocity heterogeneities at mid-crustal depths correspond to organized vertical incidence reflections. C1 MEM UNIV NEWFOUNDLAND,DEPT EARTH SCI,ST JOHNS A1B 3X5,NEWFOUNDLAND,CANADA. DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,HALIFAX B3H 4J1,NS,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT GEOPHYS & ASTRON,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. GEOL SURVEY CANADA,DIV CONTINENTAL GEOSCI,OTTAWA K1A 0Y3,ON,CANADA. IRIS,ARLINGTON,VA 22209. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MARILLIER, F (reprint author), FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BEDFORD INST OCEANOG,ATLANTIC GEOSCI CTR,POB 1006,DARTMOUTH B2Y 4A2,NS,CANADA. RI Hall, Jeremy/E-4467-2013; Clowes, Ronald/C-4599-2015 NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 232 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90075-2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NP812 UT WOS:A1994NP81200005 ER PT J AU FORD, LA AF FORD, LA TI DETECTION OF AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA FROM WATER USING A FILTRATION METHOD SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; HATCHERY AB Aeromonas salmonicida is a principal pathogen that contributes to mortality in hatchery-maintained Atlantic salmon that originated from the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers in the northeastern United States. Field tests were conducted to assess a filtration method for detection of A. salmonicida in water used to rear fishes. A presumptive identification of typical A. salmonicida was available within 72 h and the pathogen was confirmed within 96 h. This filtration method has been incorporated into daily management practices and provides results that allowed managers to make more informed decisions for fishery resources. RP FORD, LA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,BOX 700,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 122 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90328-X PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NJ941 UT WOS:A1994NJ94100001 ER PT J AU LANDWEHR, JM WINOGRAD, IJ COPLEN, TB AF LANDWEHR, JM WINOGRAD, IJ COPLEN, TB TI NO VERIFICATION FOR MILANKOVITCH SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID CLIMATE RP LANDWEHR, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 14 PY 1994 VL 368 IS 6472 BP 594 EP 594 DI 10.1038/368594a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NF392 UT WOS:A1994NF39200039 ER PT J AU VIDALE, JE ELLSWORTH, WL COLE, A MARONE, C AF VIDALE, JE ELLSWORTH, WL COLE, A MARONE, C TI VARIATIONS IN RUPTURE PROCESS WITH RECURRENCE INTERVAL IN A REPEATED SMALL EARTHQUAKE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STICK-SLIP; CALIFORNIA; FRICTION; FAULT; CREEP; MECHANISM; ROCK AB IN theory and in laboratory experiments, friction on sliding surfaces such as rock, glass and metal increases with time since the previous episode of slip1. This time dependence is a central pillar of the friction laws widely used to model earthquake phenomena2,3. On natural faults, other properties, such as rupture velocity4,5, porosity and fluid pressure6-11, may also vary with the recurrence interval. Eighteen repetitions of the same small earthquake, separated by intervals ranging from a few days to several years, allow us to test these laboratory predictions in situ. The events with the longest time since the previous earthquake tend to have about 15% larger seismic moment than those with the shortest intervals, although this trend is weak. In addition, the rupture durations of the events with the longest recurrence intervals are more than a factor of two shorter than for the events with the shortest intervals. Both decreased duration and increased friction are consistent with progressive fault healing during the time of stationary contact. C1 MIT,DEPT EARTH ATMOSPHER & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP VIDALE, JE (reprint author), USGS,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Vidale, John/H-4965-2011 OI Vidale, John/0000-0002-3658-818X NR 27 TC 124 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 10 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 14 PY 1994 VL 368 IS 6472 BP 624 EP 626 DI 10.1038/368624a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NF392 UT WOS:A1994NF39200057 ER PT J AU MILLER, KC MOONEY, WD AF MILLER, KC MOONEY, WD TI CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE SOUTHERN FOOTHILLS METAMORPHIC BELT, SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, FROM SEISMIC DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOWER CONTINENTAL-CRUST; WAVE VELOCITIES; GREAT VALLEY; FAULT ZONE; REFLECTIONS; ROCKS; BENEATH; TERRANE; TEMPERATURES; GRANULITE AB The Foothills Metamorphic Belt is an accreted terrane consisting of Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic rocks that separates the Great Valley from the Sierra Nevada batholith in northern and central California. Until recently, the only available geophysical data for this area were reconnaissance refraction surveys, and gravity and magnetic data. New insights into the structure of the deep crust are provided by the interpretation of a seismic reflection profile (CC-2), acquired in 1984 by the U. S. Geological Survey at the southern end of the Foothills Metamorphic Belt. Our interpretation is constrained by a new seismic velocity model derived from coincident microearthquake data. Earthquake hypocenters that occur at unusually great depths of 12 to 30 km make the data set particularly useful for obtaining deep crustal velocity information. The velocity model shows velocities of 5.2 to 6.3 km s-1 for the upper 12 km of the crust, and 6.7 to 6.8 km s-1 from 12 km to an estimated Moho at 32 km. The upper crustal velocities correspond to metamorphic rocks and serpentinites of the Foothills Metamorphic Belt as well as to diorites and granodiorites of the Sierra Nevada batholith, while the lower crustal velocities are interpreted to represent intermediate to mafic granulites. The majority of the earthquake hypocenters as well as a 6.7 km s-1 layer in the velocity model corresponds in depth to thick zones of west dipping midcrustal reflections that may represent major shear zones formed during the late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny or synbatholithic ductile shear zones that accommodated crustal extension associated with batholith intrusion. These reflections are truncated updip by an inferred subvertical contact that coincides with the western edge of the Sierra Nevada batholith and the southward trace of the Bear Mountains fault zone. The updip truncation of midcrustal shear zones and high lower crustal velocities indicate that strike-slip faulting and magmatic underplating can be important processes during the docking and welding of an accreted terrane. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP MILLER, KC (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS, DEPT GEOL SCI, EL PASO, TX 79968 USA. RI Miller, Kate/E-6800-2012 NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B4 BP 6865 EP 6880 DI 10.1029/93JB02755 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF970 UT WOS:A1994NF97000011 ER PT J AU COCHRANE, GR MOORE, JC MACKAY, ME MOORE, GF AF COCHRANE, GR MOORE, JC MACKAY, ME MOORE, GF TI VELOCITY AND INFERRED POROSITY MODEL OF THE OREGON ACCRETIONARY PRISM FROM MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC-REFLECTION DATA - IMPLICATIONS ON SEDIMENT DEWATERING AND OVERPRESSURE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID NANKAI TROUGH; FLUID-FLOW; COMPLEX; MARGIN; ZONE; INFERENCES; CARBONATES; WASHINGTON; PRESSURES; EXPULSION AB A two-dimensional model of seismic velocity derived from multichannel seismic data collected off Oregon in 1989 shows that as sediments are carried from Cascadia Basin into the accretionary prism, there are measurable changes in velocity-depth profiles. In the seaward most area of the basin, where no thrust faults are observed, there is a landward (and downward) increase of velocity in die sedimentary section. We attribute the velocity increase in the basin to a reduction of porosity resulting from consolidation and cementation, accompanied by diffusive flow of pore water driven by lateral tectonic as well as gravitational stress. Near the base of the slope there is an area of incipient thrusting (the protothrust zone) where protothrusts sole out into a protodecollement. Synthetic seismogram modeling of the reverse-polarity reflection from the protodecollement shows a 100-m-thick layer with a slightly lower velocity relative to the sediments above it. Above the protodecollement, velocity continues to increase landward. We suggest that in this area the diffusive flow of pore water out of the sediment is augmented above the protodecollement by fault-focused flow. Below the protodecollement a reversal in velocity may be due to an increase in porosity resulting from overpressuring of pore fluid trapped by reduction of the permeability of the sediment above the protodecollement. Farther landward, where thrusting has formed a fault-bend fold, velocity values are lower in the accreted section of sediments relative to the velocity at a comparable subbottom depth in the protothrust zone. The decrease in velocity is a result of microfracturing of the highly consolidated sediments accompanying uplift and folding and reflects the increasing role of fracturing and faulting in the control of dewatering of the sediments. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, DEPT EARTH SCI, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. UNIV HAWAII, SCH OCEANOG EARTH SCI & TECHNOL, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. RP COCHRANE, GR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MAIL STOP 999, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Moore, Gregory/A-2860-2009 OI Moore, Gregory/0000-0002-9649-3174 NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B4 BP 7033 EP 7043 DI 10.1029/93JB03206 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF970 UT WOS:A1994NF97000020 ER PT J AU BARTH, GA KLEINROCK, MC HELZ, RT AF BARTH, GA KLEINROCK, MC HELZ, RT TI THE MAGMA BODY AT KILAUEA-IKI LAVA LAKE - POTENTIAL INSIGHTS INTO MIDOCEAN RIDGE MAGMA CHAMBERS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SEISMIC VELOCITY STRUCTURE; EXPANDED SPREAD PROFILES; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SILICATE MELTS; FLUID DISTRIBUTION; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; COOLING MODELS; RHEOLOGY; HAWAII AB Although geological and geophysical measurements at active ridges have provided indirect samples and remote images and ophiolites have provided fossil evidence, the lack of direct sampling of in situ physical and chemical properties severly hinders our understanding of subsurface magmatic systems at mid-ocean ridges. In contrast with the ridge setting, substantial information has been gained from direct sampling of Kilauea Iki lava lake. We reanalyze time series physical and petrological data from both in situ sampling and remote seismic and electromagnetic imaging of this lava lake in order to gain insights into the evolution of an enclosed basaltic magma body with many characteristics similar to a mid-ocean ridge magma chamber. Although the analogy is imperfect, our analysis of observations from Kilauea Iki suggests that at a mid-ocean ridge (1) a fine structure exists at the top of the magma body in the form of horizontal segregation veins (i.e., sills), (2) sustained convection within the magma chamber is highly unlikely, (3) a ''dry-out'' zone above the magma body and below the deepest penetration of hydrothermal circulation may exist, (4) with high magma supply (e.g., the East Pacific Rise), where quasi steady state melt zones are present, the magma chamber must be completely replenished very frequently (at least every 300-600 years), and (5) the onset of rigid behavior of the basaltic partial melt does not happen at a unique ''critical'' crystal fraction. These results also show that significant differences may occur in interpretation of the rheology of a magmatic system depending upon the type of petrologic, seismic, or drilling data analyzed. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. RP BARTH, GA (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOPHYS, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NR 102 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B4 BP 7199 EP 7217 DI 10.1029/93JB02804 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF970 UT WOS:A1994NF97000029 ER PT J AU MORROW, C LOCKNER, D HICKMAN, S RUSANOV, M ROCKEL, T AF MORROW, C LOCKNER, D HICKMAN, S RUSANOV, M ROCKEL, T TI EFFECTS OF LITHOLOGY AND DEPTH ON THE PERMEABILITY OF CORE SAMPLES FROM THE KOLA AND KTB DRILL HOLES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE; MICROCRACKS; PRESSURE; QUARTZ; ROCKS AB Permeability measurements were conducted on intact core samples from the Kola drill hole in Russia and the KTB drill hole in Germany. Samples included granodiorite gneisses, basalts and amphibolites from depths up to 11 km. The tests were intended to determine the pressure sensitivity of permeability and to compare the effects of stress relief and thermal microcracking on the matrix permeability of different rock types and similar samples from different depths. The pore pressure P(p) was fixed at the estimated in situ pressure assuming a normal hydrostatic gradient; the confining pressure P(c) was varied to produce effective pressures (P(e) = P(c) - P(p)) of 5 to 300 MPa. The permeability of the basaltic samples was the lowest and most sensitive to pressure, ranging from 10(-20) to 10(-23) m2 as effective pressure increased from 5 to only 60 MPa. In contrast, the granodiorite gneiss samples were more permeable and less sensitive to pressure, with permeability values ranging from 10(-17) to 10(-22) m2 as effective pressures increased to 300 MPa. Amphibolites displayed intermediate behavior. There was an abundance of microfractures in the quartz-rich rocks, but a relative paucity of cracks in the mafic rocks, suggesting that the observed differences in permeability are based on rock type and depth, and that stress relief/thermal-cracking damage is correlated with quartz content. By applying the equivalent channel model of Walsh and Brace [1984] to the permeability data of the quartz-rich samples, we can estimate the closure pressure of the stress-relief cracks and thereby place bounds on the in situ effective pressure. This method may be useful for drill holes where the fluid pressure is not well constrained, such as at the Kola well. However, the use of crack closure to estimate in situ pressure was not appropriate for the basalt and amphibolite samples, because they are relatively crack-free in situ and remain so even after core retrieval. As a result, their permeability is near or below the measurable lower limit of our apparatus at the estimated in situ pressures of the rocks. C1 NEDRA ENTERPRISE, 184415 ZAPOLYARNYI, RUSSIA. RP MORROW, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B4 BP 7263 EP 7274 DI 10.1029/93JB03458 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF970 UT WOS:A1994NF97000033 ER PT J AU KIRK, EJ PERRY, SA AF KIRK, EJ PERRY, SA TI MACROINVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION ESTIMATES IN THE KANAWHA RIVER, WEST-VIRGINIA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article ID NET-SPINNING CADDISFLIES; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION DYNAMICS; BLACKWATER RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; STREAM; HABITAT; MATTER; SIZE AB We calculated secondary production estimates for 13 macroinvertebrate taxa from a site in the sixth-order Kanawha River, a system regulated by locks and dams. Production was calculated by the size-frequency method for Hexagenia limbata (Ephemeroptera), Tricorythodes sp. (Ephemeroptera), Stenacron interpunctatum (Ephemeroptera), Argia translata (Odonata), Strophopteryx fasciata (Plecoptera), Cheumatopsyche sp. (Trichoptera), Cyrnellus fraternus (Trichoptera), and the Chironomidae (Diptera) tribes Tanytarsini, Chironomini, Orthocladini, Pentaneurini, Procladiini, and Corynoneurini. Total annual production and total annual biomass estimates based on benthic large-cobble basket samplers were higher than those based on multiplate samplers and gravel basket samplers in the water column, but these differences were not significant. Estimates of annual production and annual biomass of H. limbata and Procladiini were highest for the large-cobble basket samplers. Annual production and annual biomass of A. translata were highest for the gravel basket samplers. Annual production and annual biomass of the remaining 10 taxa were highest for the multiplate samplers. Average annual P/B ratios were 4.7 for the seven univoltine taxa and 11.5 for the one bivoltine species studied. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WV COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR 8 PY 1994 VL 281 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NL900 UT WOS:A1994NL90000004 ER PT J AU VANDEWATER, PK LEAVITT, SW BETANCOURT, JL AF VANDEWATER, PK LEAVITT, SW BETANCOURT, JL TI TRENDS IN STOMATAL DENSITY AND C-13/C-12 RATIOS OF PINUS-FLEXILIS NEEDLES DURING LAST GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ICE CORE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; WOOD CELLULOSE; CONDUCTANCE; PLANTS; RECORD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CALIBRATION AB Measurements of stomatal density and deltaC-13 of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) needles (leaves) preserved in pack rat middens from the Great Basin reveal shifts in plant physiology and leaf morphology during the last 30,000 years. Sites were selected so as to offset glacial to Holocene climatic differences and thus to isolate the effects of changing atmospheric CO2 levels. Stomatal density decreased approximately 17 percent and deltaC-13 decreased approximately 1.5 per mil during deglaciation from 15,000 to 12,000 years ago, concomitant with a 30 percent increase in atmospheric CO2. Water-use efficiency increased approximately 15 percent during deglaciation, if temperature and humidity were held constant and the proxy values for CO2 and deltaC-13 of past atmospheres are accurate. The deltaC-13 Variations may help constrain hypotheses about the redistribution of carbon between the atmosphere and biosphere during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DESERT LAB,1675 W ANKLAM RD,TUCSON,AZ 85745. UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 48 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 8 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5156 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1126/science.264.5156.239 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NE410 UT WOS:A1994NE41000030 PM 17749021 ER PT J AU SHANLEY, KW MCCABE, PJ AF SHANLEY, KW MCCABE, PJ TI PERSPECTIVES ON THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF CONTINENTAL STRATA SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID LATE CENOZOIC UPLIFT; LACUSTRINE DELTAS; SOUTHERN ASIA; AMERICAN WEST; FACIES ARCHITECTURE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; EAST-AFRICA; BASE-LEVEL; LAKE; EXAMPLES AB This report is the result of a working group on continental sequence stratigraphy that was set up at the 1991 NUNA conference in Banff, Canada. To date, sequence stratigraphic concepts have been applied mainly to the marine realm, but unconformity-bounded units have long been recognized in nonmarine strata. Successful application of sequence stratigraphic concepts to continental strata requires careful consideration of controls on base level and sediment supply. As with shallow marine environments, relative sea level can be considered as the stratigraphic as well as the geomorphic base level for coastal nonmarine settings. Farther inland, stratigraphic base level, which determines accommodation space, is more complex and takes various forms, such as the graded profile for fluvial strata, groundwater tables for some eolian strata, and lake level for some intermontane sediments. Sediment supply is also generally a more complex variable for nonmarine environments than in the marine realm because of the proximity to the source area. The influence of climate and tectonism on sediment supply can clearly be seen in many continental sediments. The fact that the major controls of climate, tectonism, and eustasy are somewhat interdependent, and that a change in one parameter will most likely be reflected in others, is also more readily apparent in continental strata. Although in its infancy, sequence stratigraphic concepts have been applied to a wide variety of continental settings in attempts to explain variations in facies architecture. Of particular interest are studies that have linked fluvial architecture on coastal plains to variations in relative sea level as indicated by coeval marine strata, and studies of lacustrine environments that show marked variation in facies between high-stand and lowstand deposits. The application of sequence stratigraphy to continental strata will likely result in the development of better correlation techniques and models that better predict the location and nature of fluvial and eolian reservoirs. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP SHANLEY, KW (reprint author), SHELL DEV CO,GEOL RES,POB 481,HOUSTON,TX 77001, USA. OI McCabe, Peter/0000-0001-5262-1018 NR 134 TC 452 Z9 555 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 544 EP 568 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NE063 UT WOS:A1994NE06300003 ER PT J AU DEMETRIADESHAH, TH FUCHS, M KANEMASU, ET FLITCROFT, ID AF DEMETRIADESHAH, TH FUCHS, M KANEMASU, ET FLITCROFT, ID TI FURTHER DISCUSSIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CUMULATED INTERCEPTED SOLAR-RADIATION AND CROP GROWTH SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Discussion ID EFFICIENCY AB A strong correlation exists between intercepted solar radiation and crop growth. We cautioned that many derivations of the functional relationship between solar energy and biomass use cumulated data, and therefore have logical and arithmetic weaknesses. We examined the growth response of plants to solar energy by using rates of change, of both interception and growth. Our analysis revealed that measurements of light interception can only establish the relationship a posteriori. Replacing interception data with normalized random numbers did not change the quality of the relations. Several scientists have contested our views. This article reconfirms the general validity of our analysis and of our conclusions, that it is not possible to determine plant growth on the sole basis of intercepted solar energy. C1 AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST SOILS & WATER,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. RP DEMETRIADESHAH, TH (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,POB 1208,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90040-X PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NE697 UT WOS:A1994NE69700010 ER PT J AU DSILVA, AM MAUGHAN, OE AF DSILVA, AM MAUGHAN, OE TI MULTIPLE-USE OF WATER - INTEGRATION OF FISH CULTURE AND TREE GROWING SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE FISH CULTURE; AGROFORESTRY; MESQUITE; RED TILAPIA; IRRIGATION AB Red tilapia (hybrid Oreochromis mossambicus x O. urolepis hornorum) were raised in pulsed flow irrigation systems in which water was subsequently used to irrigate mesquite trees (Prosopis granulosa). The increase in height and stem base area was significantly greater (P < 0.001) in mesquite trees irrigated with water from the fish culture facility than in mesquite trees irrigated with well water. Trees irrigated with water from the fish facility could be sold after about six months for prices ranging from $5.50 to $8.50. Trees irrigated with well water took twice as long to reach a marketable size. RP DSILVA, AM (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARIZONA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/BF00705148 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA NX493 UT WOS:A1994NX49300001 ER PT J AU VANBUREN, R HARPER, KT ANDERSEN, WR STANTON, DJ SEYOUM, S ENGLAND, JL AF VANBUREN, R HARPER, KT ANDERSEN, WR STANTON, DJ SEYOUM, S ENGLAND, JL TI EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP OF AUTUMN BUTTERCUP (RANUNCULUS-ACRIFORMIS VAR AESTIVALIS) TO SOME CLOSE CONGENERS USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MARKERS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RESISTANCE GENES; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; RAPD AB Autumn buttercup, an endangered endemic of wet, saline meadows in Garfield County, Utah, is treated differently in various taxonomic references now in use in the region. The taxon is currently listed as endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service under the name Ranunculus acriformis var. aestivalis L. Benson. Others treat it as R. acris var. aestivalis (L. Benson) Welsh. In an attempt to resolve the taxonomical disagreements and to quantitatively describe the genetic uniqueness of this taxon, putative close relatives of the autumn buttercup, namely R. occidentalis (Nevada County, CA), R. acris (introduced from Europe and now growing wild in Rich and Cache counties, UT), R. acriformis var. montanensis (Lincoln County, WY), R. acriformis var. acriformis (Emery and Sanpete counties, UT), and R. acriformis var. aestivalis were collected and analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers amplified from total cellular DNA extracts. Twenty-three decanucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence were used for DNA amplification; over 350 markers were generated. The genetic marker data were analyzed using similarity coefficients and parsimony. Based on the results of those analyses and on a review of ecological and morphological characteristics, we have elevated the autumn buttercup to species rank as Ranunculus aestivalis (Benson) Van Buren and Harper. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,PROVO,UT 84602. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BOT & RANGE,PROVO,UT 84602. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 1994 VL 81 IS 4 BP 514 EP 519 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NG665 UT WOS:A1994NG66500016 ER PT J AU MAHER, HD DALLMEYER, RD SECOR, DT SACKS, PE AF MAHER, HD DALLMEYER, RD SECOR, DT SACKS, PE TI AR-40 AR-39 CONSTRAINTS ON CHRONOLOGY OF AUGUSTA FAULT ZONE MOVEMENT AND LATE ALLEGHANIAN EXTENSION, SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN PIEDMONT, SOUTH-CAROLINA AND GEORGIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEW-ENGLAND APPALACHIANS; EASTERN PIEDMONT; SLATE BELT; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; CHARACTER; OROGENY; TERRANE; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Ar-40/Ar-39 ages recorded by muscovite concentrates and whole-rock phyllite samples collected along a traverse in the southern Appalachian eastern Piedmont help constrain the chronology of movement on the Augusta fault zone. Three muscovite plateau ages from the Savannah River terrane in the footwall range between 272 to 278 Ma and are similar to two muscovite plateau ages obtained from the Modoc fault zone farther to the northwest. By contrast, two whole-rock phyllite spectra from Augusta terrane rocks in the hanging wall to the southeast are characterized by intermediate-temperature plateau segments at about 310 to 320 Ma. Geologic relations and the Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages suggest that the Augusta fault juxtaposed Augusta terrane rocks from upper crustal levels against Savannah River terrane rocks from lower crustal levels at and after about 274 Ma. Late Alleghanian extension along the Augusta fault zone is consistent with gravitational collapse of an orogenic topographic front which developed during crustal shortening in early stages of the Alleghanian orogeny. Evidence exists for extensional components on other portions of the Eastern Piedmont fault system. We speculate that the role of Alleghanian extension in the Piedmont tectonothermal history could be significant. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GEOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP MAHER, HD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT GEOG & GEOL,OMAHA,NE 68182, USA. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 294 IS 4 BP 428 EP 448 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ND826 UT WOS:A1994ND82600002 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RL TUTTLE, ML RICE, CA FISHMAN, NS KARACHEWSKI, JA SHERMAN, DM AF REYNOLDS, RL TUTTLE, ML RICE, CA FISHMAN, NS KARACHEWSKI, JA SHERMAN, DM TI MAGNETIZATION AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF GREIGITE-BEARING CRETACEOUS STRATA, NORTH-SLOPE BASIN, ALASKA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; ANOXIC MARINE-SEDIMENTS; IRON SULFIDE MINERALS; CEMENT OIL-FIELD; SOUTH TEXAS; SULFATE REDUCTION; HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS; WESTERN INTERIOR; PYRITE FORMATION; SULFUR-ISOTOPE AB Postdepositional greigite (Fe3S4; ferrimagnetic thiospinel) is of interest to sedimentary geochemists, because it reflects important reactions during diagenesis and to paleomagnetists because it can obscure a detrital paleomagnetic record. The presence, distribution, and origin of greigite are best understood through combined magnetic and geochemical studies. Such studies of greigite-bearing Upper Cretaceous siliciclastic beds from the Simpson Peninsula, North Slope, Alaska, reveal relations among sulfur species and magnetic properties, and they illustrate the use of geochemical analysis to constrain the age of secondary magnetization carried by greigite. Greigite is ubiquitous in marine mudstone of the Seabee Formation, and it dominates the magnetic properties of the Seabee (magnetic susceptibility [MS]: 5.9 x 10-4 volume SI; magnitude of natural remanent magnetization [NRM]: 6.6 x 10-2 amperes/meter [A/m]; averages of 22 specimens in which greigite is the only magnetic mineral). The Seabee rocks fill an ancient submarine canyon cut into marine, transitional, and nonmarine sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone beds of the undifferentiated Ninuluk and Seabee Formations. In these sandstone and siltstone beds, some of which contain biodegraded oil, greigite occurs sporadically but is locally concentrated to yield high values of MS (5 x 10(-3) vol. SI) and NRM magnitude (0.5 A/m). Samples that contain detrital iron-titanium oxides, principally titanohematite, as the only magnetic minerals have lower values of MS and NRM magnitude. Different geochemical signatures in the Seabee Formation and undifferentiated Ninuluk and Seabee rocks indicate different origins of their greigite and associated iron disulfide minerals. In the Seabee, greigite and pyrite formed during early diagenesis via bacterial sulfate reduction utilizing indigenous sulfate and organic carbon. Evidence for early diagenetic iron sulfide includes (1) negative deltaS-34 values (typically between -22 and -30 permil) of acid-volatile sulfur (sulfur in greigite) and disulfide sulfur; and (2) the common presence of greigite and framboidal pyrite in detrital plant fragments. Ratios of total reduced mineral sulfur to organic carbon (S/C) indicate low contents of sulfur relative to those of normal marine sediments. In the undifferentiated Ninuluk and Seabee rocks, reactions that involved epigenetic sulfur produced greigite, pyrite, and rare marcasite that cement and surround early diagenetic pyrite. In many of these beds, S/C ratios are high relative to normal marine sediments. The epigenetic sulfur may have been derived from (1) sulfate-bearing Paleozoic units in deeper parts of the North Slope basin to the south, perhaps during much of the Tertiary to the present; or (2) the canyon-fill Seabee during compaction of the marine mud. Bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) in a sulfate-limited environment is indicated from many deltaS-34 values (> +22 permil) that exceed the expected values for sulfate minerals (formed from seawater sulfate) in any unit in the basin. Organic substances that supported such BSR in the undifferentiated Ninuluk and Seabee rocks may have been derived from hydrocarbons. RP REYNOLDS, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 964,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. RI Sherman, David/A-7538-2008 OI Sherman, David/0000-0003-1835-6470 NR 95 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 294 IS 4 BP 485 EP 528 PG 44 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ND826 UT WOS:A1994ND82600004 ER PT J AU LARSON, DL AF LARSON, DL TI POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC GREENHOUSE GASES ON AVIAN HABITATS AND POPULATIONS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LESSER SNOW GEESE; ACTIVE ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ALPINE LIFE ZONE; ELEVATED CO2; CLIMATE CHANGE; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Biotic response to the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere is considerably more complex than an adjustment to changing temperature and precipitation. The fertilization effect CO2 has on some plants, the impact UVB radiation has on health and productivity of organisms, and the resulting changes in competitive balance and trophic structure must also be considered. The intent of this paper is to review direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on wildlife, and to explore possible effects on populations of birds and their habitats in the northern Great Plains. Many of the potential effects of increasing greenhouse gases, such as declining plant nutritional value, changes in timing of insect emergence, and fewer and saltier wetlands, foreshadow a decline in avian populations on the Great Plains. However, other possible effects such as increased drought resistance and water use efficiency of vegetation, longer growing seasons, and greater overall plant biomass promise at least some mitigation. Effects of multiple simultaneous perturbations such as can be expected under doubled CO2 scenarios will require substantial basic research to clarify. RP LARSON, DL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,RT 1,BOX 96C,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 113 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1994 VL 131 IS 2 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.2307/2426259 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NK483 UT WOS:A1994NK48300012 ER PT J AU CLARK, BK CLARK, BS LESLIE, DM AF CLARK, BK CLARK, BS LESLIE, DM TI USE OF CAVES BY EASTERN WOODRATS (NEOTOMA-FLORIDANA) IN RELATION TO BAT POPULATIONS, INTERNAL CAVE CHARACTERISTICS AND SURFACE HABITATS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Note AB We assessed use of caves by eastern woodrats (Neotoma floridana) in north-eastern Oklahoma by examining distributions of old and new fecal pellets. Old pellets were found in all 18 caves examined. No significant difference was noted in numbers of plots with old pellets for transects along left, center and right regions of all cave passages. Further, no difference was noted when numbers of plots with old pellets along both walls were pooled and then compared to those in the middle of passages. Length of each cave passage was subdivided into three zones (entrance, middle and deep). Numbers of plots with old pellets decreased significantly from entrance to deep zones in caves with few bats (<50 bats at a single time). However, in caves with many (greater-than-or-equal-to 50) bats at a single time, no significant decrease was noted in plots with pellets from the entrance to deep zones. No significant difference was noted between plots with old pellets near the entrance of caves with many and few bats. Caves that were used by many bats had more plots with old pellets in middle and deep zones than did caves with few bats. Distributions of new pellets were positively correlated with distributions of old pellets. Reasons for woodrat use of middle and deep zones of caves remain unclear; most of these areas have no readily apparent resources except for aggregations of bats. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOP FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP CLARK, BK (reprint author), SE OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,STN A BOX 4096,DURANT,OK 74701, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1994 VL 131 IS 2 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.2307/2426261 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NK483 UT WOS:A1994NK48300014 ER PT J AU THIEM, SM KRUMME, ML SMITH, RL TIEDJE, JM AF THIEM, SM KRUMME, ML SMITH, RL TIEDJE, JM TI USE OF MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE THE SURVIVAL OF A MICROORGANISM INJECTED INTO AN AQUIFER SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; DNA; BACTERIA; GENE; ENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENTS; AMPLIFICATION; PROBES; STRAIN AB A PCR primer set and an internal probe that are specific for Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a 3-chlorobenzoate-metabolizing strain, were developed. Using this primer set and probe, we were able to detect Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 DNA sequences in DNA extracted from aquifer samples 14.5 months after Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 had been injected into a sand and gravel aquifer. This primer set and probe were also used to analyze isolates from 3-chlorobenzoate enrichments of the aquifer samples by Southern blot analysis. Hybridization of Southern blots with the Pseudomonas sp. strain B13-specific probe and a catabolic probe in conjunction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of ribosome genes was used to determine that viable Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 persisted in this environment. We isolated a new 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strain from one of these enrichment cultures. The B13-specific probe does not hybridize to DNA from this isolate. The new strain could be the result of gene exchange between Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 and an indigenous bacterium. This speculation is based on an RFLP pattern of ribosome genes that differs from that of Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, the fact that identically sized restriction fragments hybridized to the catabolic gene probe, and the absence of any enrichable 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strains in the aquifer prior to inoculation. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR MICROBIAL ECOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RES CTR BIOTECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL,MOLEC MICROBIAL ECOL GRP,W-3300 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 37 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1067 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ND823 UT WOS:A1994ND82300002 PM 7912498 ER PT J AU THORARINSSON, R LANDOLT, ML ELLIOTT, DG PASCHO, RJ HARDY, RW AF THORARINSSON, R LANDOLT, ML ELLIOTT, DG PASCHO, RJ HARDY, RW TI EFFECT OF DIETARY VITAMIN-E AND SELENIUM ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND THE PREVALENCE OF RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM INFECTION IN CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT SALMO; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; OXIDIZED FISH OIL; ATLANTIC SALMON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; TISSUE PEROXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FATTY-ACIDS; DEFICIENCY AB Groups of juvenile spring chinook salmon naturally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, were fed diets containing different levels of vitamin E and selenium for 214 days in fresh water and 110 days in seawater. The fish were fed vitamin E at concentrations of either 53 +/- 3 mg (designated e) or 299 +/- 9 mg (designated E) alpha-tocopheryl acetate equivalence/kg dry diet in combination with sodium selenite to give selenium concentrations of either 0.038 +/- 0.008 mg (designated s) or 2.49 +/- 0.15 mg (designated S)/kg dry diet. No mortality occurred in the group fed the S/E diet, whereas mortality was 3% in the groups fed the s/E and S/e diets, and 31% in the group fed the s/e diet. At the end of the experiment, weight gain and hematocrit values were significantly greater in those fish fed the E diets compared with those fed the e diets, whereas the hepato-somatic index was significantly higher in fish fed the e diets. Glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma was significantly higher in fish fed the S diets compared with those fed the s diets. No definite effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on the prevalence and severity of natural R. salmoninarum infections was demonstrated. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,WH-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,NAVAL STN,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 4 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90269-0 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NJ368 UT WOS:A1994NJ36800004 ER PT J AU NILLES, MA GORDON, JD SCHRODER, LJ AF NILLES, MA GORDON, JD SCHRODER, LJ TI THE PRECISION OF WET ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION DATA FROM NATIONAL-ATMOSPHERIC-DEPOSITION-PROGRAM NATIONAL-TRENDS-NETWORK SITES DETERMINED WITH COLLOCATED SAMPLERS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; QUALITY ASSURANCE; COLLOCATED SAMPLERS ID PRECIPITATION AB A collocated, wet-deposition sampler program has been operated since October 1988 by the U.S. Geological Survey to estimate the overall sampling precision of wet atmospheric deposition data collected at selected sites in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). A duplicate set of wet-deposition sampling instruments was installed adjacent to existing sampling instruments at four different NADP/NTN sites for each year of the study. Wet-deposition samples from collocated sites were collected and analysed using standard NADP/NTN procedures. Laboratory analyses included determinations of pH, specific conductance, and concentrations of major cations and anions. The estimates of precision included all variability in the data-collection system, from the point of sample collection through storage in the NADP/NTN database. Sampling precision was determined from the absolute value of differences in the analytical results for the paired samples in terms of median relative and absolute difference. The median relative difference for Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+ concentration and deposition was quite variable between sites and exceeded 10% at most sites. Relative error for analytes whose concentrations typically approached laboratory method detection limits were greater than for analytes that did not typically approach detection limits. The median relative difference for SO42- and NO3- concentration, specific conductance, and sample volume at all sites was less than 7%. Precision for H+ concentration and deposition ranged from less than 10% at sites with typically high levels of H+ concentration to greater than 30% at sites with low H+ concentration. Median difference for analyte concentration and deposition was typically 1.5-2-times greater for samples collected during the winter than during other seasons at two northern sites. Likewise, the median relative difference in sample volume for winter samples was more than double the annual median relative difference at the two northern sites. Bias accounted for less than 25% of the collocated variability in analyte concentration and deposition from weekly collocated precipitation samples at most sites. RP NILLES, MA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90289-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NR216 UT WOS:A1994NR21600005 ER PT J AU MENDOZA, C HARTZELL, S MONFRET, T AF MENDOZA, C HARTZELL, S MONFRET, T TI WIDE-BAND ANALYSIS OF THE 3 MARCH 1985 CENTRAL CHILE EARTHQUAKE - OVERALL SOURCE PROCESS AND RUPTURE HISTORY SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG MOTION RECORDS; WAVE-FORM INVERSION; NORTH PALM-SPRINGS; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; ANDREANOF-ISLANDS; OKI EARTHQUAKE; MORGAN-HILL; P-WAVEFORMS; CALIFORNIA AB We apply a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion scheme to the near-source strong-motion records, the teleseismic body waves, and the long-period Rayleigh waves recorded for the 3 March 1985 Chile earthquake to recover the mainshock rupture history. The data contain periods between about 2 and 350 sec and are inverted by allowing a variable dislocation rise time at each point on the fault. The results indicate that the mainshock had a seismic moment of 1.5 x 10(28) dyne-cm (M(w) 8.0) and ruptured mainly updip and to the south of the hypocenter for a distance of about 150 km along the Nazca-South America plate boundary. A smaller northward component of propagation is also evident, giving a total rupture length of about 200 km. The total source duration of the mainshock is 70 sec, with the majority of the slip occurring within the first 40 sec in a broad 100-km-wide zone in the northern half of the rupture area. Slip in this region extends from a depth of 55 km to within about 10 km of the surface and contains two areas of maximum slip (2.3 and 2.9 m) with rise times of approximately 14 sec. Slip in the southern portion of the fault reaches lower peak values (1.8 m) and extends downdip to depths no greater than 30 km. An independent variable rise-time inversion of the teleseismic body waves alone yields similar results, indicating that a significant component of slow fault motion is not required for this earthquake. The mainshock was preceded by several smaller precursors, the largest of which is an M(w) approximately 6.6 thrust earthquake occurring at a depth of 22 km in the shallow 15-degrees dipping portion of the plate interface. C1 MISSION ORSTOM,SANTIAGO 1,CHILE. RP MENDOZA, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS967,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 269 EP 283 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NH746 UT WOS:A1994NH74600004 ER PT J AU BAKUN, WH FISCHER, FG JENSEN, EG VANSCHAACK, J AF BAKUN, WH FISCHER, FG JENSEN, EG VANSCHAACK, J TI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR AFTERSHOCKS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A prototype early warning system to provide San Francisco and Oakland, California a few tens-of-seconds warning of incoming strong ground shaking from already-occurred M greater-than-or-equal-to 3.7 aftershocks of the magnitude 7.1 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake was operational on 28 October 1989. The prototype system consisted of four components: ground motion sensors in the epicentral area, a central receiver, a radio repeater, and radio receivers. One of the radio receivers was deployed at the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) headquarters at the damaged Cypress Street section of the I-880 freeway in Oakland, California on 28 October 1989 and provided about 20 sec of warning before shaking from the M 4.5 Loma Prieta aftershock that occurred on 2 November 1989 at 0550 UTC. In its first 6 months of operation, the system generated triggers for all 12 M > 3.7 aftershocks for which trigger documentation is preserved, did not trigger on any M less-than-or-equal-to 3.6 aftershocks, and produced one false trigger as a result of a now-corrected single point of failure design flaw. Because the prototype system demonstrated that potentially useful warnings of strong shaking from aftershocks are feasible, the USGS has completed a portable early warning system for aftershocks that can be deployed anywhere. RP BAKUN, WH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 359 EP 365 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NH746 UT WOS:A1994NH74600011 ER PT J AU FRANKEL, A AF FRANKEL, A TI IMPLICATIONS OF FELT AREA-MAGNITUDE RELATIONS FOR EARTHQUAKE SCALING AND THE AVERAGE FREQUENCY OF PERCEPTIBLE GROUND MOTION SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC STRESS; LG ATTENUATION; SHEAR-WAVES; CANADA AB Observed relations between felt area and moment magnitude M for stable continental regions (SCR) and California earthquakes can be explained by a simple model with geometrical spreading, attenuation (Q-1), and earthquake stress drops that remain constant from M 4 to 8. Differences in the slopes of the observed felt area-M relations between SCR and California earthquakes are consistent with differences in Q between these tectonic settings. Fitting the felt area-M data to the model yields an estimate of f/Q, where f is the average frequency of minimum perceptible ground motion. Using fits to the data and instrumentally derived values of Q, I find that f is between about 2 and 4 Hz. I present an estimate of the spectral acceleration level associated with the lower limit of perceptibility. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MS 966, BOX 25046, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NH746 UT WOS:A1994NH74600022 ER PT J AU BOERBOOM, TJ ZARTMAN, RE AF BOERBOOM, TJ ZARTMAN, RE TI GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL GIANTS RANGE BATHOLITH, NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA (VOL 31, PG 765, 1994) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. RP BOERBOOM, TJ (reprint author), MINNESOTA GEOL SURVEY, ST PAUL, MN 55114 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 4 BP 765 EP 765 DI 10.1139/e94-069 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NT982 UT WOS:A1994NT98200016 ER PT J AU ESCOS, J ALADOS, CL EMLEN, JM AF ESCOS, J ALADOS, CL EMLEN, JM TI APPLICATION OF THE STAGE-PROJECTION MODEL WITH DENSITY-DEPENDENT FECUNDITY TO THE POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF SPANISH IBEX SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION MATRIX MODEL; REPRODUCTION; MOUNTAINS; WEATHER; GROWTH; SPAIN AB A stage-class population model with density-feedback term included was used to identify the most critical parameters determining the population dynamics of female Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in southern Spain. A population in the Cazorla and Segura mountains is rapidly declining, but the eastern Sierra Nevada population is growing. The stable population density obtained using estimated values of kid and adult survival (0.49 and 0.87, respectively) and with fecundity equal to 0.367 in the absence of density feedback is 12.7 or 16.82 individuals/km(2), based on a non-time-lagged and a time-lagged model, respectively. Given the maximum estimate of fecundity and an adult survival rate of 0.87, a kid survival rate of at least 0.41 is required to avoid extinction. At the minimum fecundity estimate, kid survival would have to exceed 0.52. Elasticities were used to estimate the influence of variation in life-cycle parameters on the intrinsic rate of increase. Adult survival is the most critical parameter, while fecundity and juvenile survival are less important. An increase in adult survival from 0.87 to 0.91 in the Cazorla and Segura mountains population would almost stabilize the population in the absence of stochastic variation, while the same increase in the Sierra Nevada population would yield population growth of 4-5% per annum. A reduction in adult survival to 0.83 results in population decline in both cases. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,NAVAL STN PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP ESCOS, J (reprint author), ESTAC EXPTL ZONAS ARIDAS,GEN SEGURA 1,E-04001 ALMERIA,SPAIN. RI Alados, Concepcion/K-8085-2014; Escos, Juan/L-4207-2014 OI Alados, Concepcion/0000-0002-6227-861X; Escos, Juan/0000-0003-2852-2911 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD APR PY 1994 VL 72 IS 4 BP 731 EP 737 DI 10.1139/z94-098 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA PB349 UT WOS:A1994PB34900019 ER PT J AU NOBLE, MA BRINK, KH ERIKSEN, CC AF NOBLE, MA BRINK, KH ERIKSEN, CC TI DIURNAL-PERIOD CURRENTS TRAPPED ABOVE FIEBERLING GUYOT - OBSERVED CHARACTERISTICS AND MODEL COMPARISONS SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM BOUNDARY-LAYER; TIDAL CURRENTS; SEAMOUNT; OCEAN; WAVES; SHELF AB Current measurements at depths of 19, 115, 264 and 464 m above the summit of Fieberling Guyot (32-degrees 28'N, 127-degrees 47'W) for 13 months in 1989 show that the diurnal tides are strongly amplified. The measured variances for K1, P1 and O1 at the 115 m depth were 810,140 and 80 times larger than the variances of the respective estimated barotropic tides. The diurnal currents closer to the summit were also strongly amplified, through the variance ratios were 40-50% of the ratios observed at 115 m. The diurnal band currents were only amplified at the precise tidal frequencies; the bandwidth of the response was less than 0.0002 cph. The discrete character of the response suggests that only currents with large spatial scales will be amplified. The characteristics of the amplified diurnal currents are compared to those predicted by a model for Fieberling Guyot of seamount-trapped waves driven by the barotropic tide. The amplitudes of the responses at this one site on the seamount compare favourably to the predicted. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP NOBLE, MA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 643 EP 658 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(94)90047-7 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA NV478 UT WOS:A1994NV47800003 ER PT J AU MATZKO, JR AF MATZKO, JR TI GEOLOGY OF THE CHINESE NUCLEAR TEST SITE NEAR LOP-NOR, XINJIANG-UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Chinese underground nuclear test site in the Kuruktag and Kyzyltag mountains of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of northwest China, is the location of sixteen underground tests that occurred between 1969 and 1992. The largest test to date, conducted on 21 May 1992, had a reported yield of about one megaton. Geophysical properties of the rocks and a large-scale geologic map of part of the test area were published by the Chinese in 1986 and 1987 and are the first site-specific data available for this test site. In areas of low relief, underground nuclear testing has occurred below the water table, in shafts drilled vertically into dense, low porosity Paleozoic granitic and metasedimentary rocks. Additional testing in areas of more rugged terrain has occurred in horizontal tunnels, probably above the water table. At least one of these tunnels was driven into granite. The upper 50 m of the rock in the area of the vertical tests is weathered and fractured; these conditions have been shown to influence the magnitude of the disturbance of the land surface after a nuclear explosion. These descriptions suggest hard rock coupling at depth and a closer resemblance to the former Soviet test site in eastern Kazakhstan than to the U.S. test site in Nevada. RP MATZKO, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0013-7952(94)90002-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA NH383 UT WOS:A1994NH38300002 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RE BUCKNAM, RC HANKS, TC AF WALLACE, RE BUCKNAM, RC HANKS, TC TI ANCIENT ENGINEERING GEOLOGY PROJECTS IN CHINA - A CANAL SYSTEM IN GANZU PROVINCE AND TRENCHES ALONG THE GREAT WALL IN NINGXIA-HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two major construction projects of ancient times in China involved what today would be considered engineering geology. We describe an ancient canal system in Gaotai County, Gansu province that was possibly begun in the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). The canal system beads at the Dasha River and extends northwestward for about 55 km to the City of Camels and Xusanwan village. Four parallel canals are present at the local site we examined. The canals were likely built primarily to transport water but may also have served as defensive military barriers. A second project involves trenches and berms along the north side of the Great Wall, clearly part of the Great Wall defensive system. This site is in Ningxia Autonomous Region near the town of Shizuishan. RP WALLACE, RE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,OFF EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES & ENGN,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-7952 J9 ENG GEOL JI Eng. Geol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1016/0013-7952(94)90003-5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA NH383 UT WOS:A1994NH38300003 ER PT J AU MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM AF MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM TI PREFERENTIAL DEALKYLATION REACTIONS OF S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLAY LOAM SOIL; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; ATRAZINE; METABOLITES; WATER; DISSIPATION; RESIDUES AB The preferential dealkylation pathways of the s-triazine herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), propazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], and simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] , and two monodealkylated triazine metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA: 2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine) and deethylatrazine (DEA: 2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) were investigated on two adjacent Eudora silt-loam plots growing corn (Zea mays L.). Results from the shallow unsaturated zone and surface-water runoff showed preferential: removal of an ethyl side chain from atrazine, simazine, and DIA relative to an isopropyl side chain from atrazine, propazine, and DEA. It is hypothesized that deethylation reactions may proceed at 2-3 times the rate of deisopropylation reactions. It is concluded that small concentrations of DIA reportedly associated with the degradation of atrazine may be due to a rapid turnover rate of the metabolite in the unsaturated zone, not to small production levels. Because of continued dealkylation of both monodealkylated metabolites, a strong argument is advanced for the presence of a didealkylated metabolite in the unsaturated zone. RP MILLS, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 32 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 4 BP 600 EP 605 DI 10.1021/es00053a011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ND550 UT WOS:A1994ND55000015 PM 22196541 ER PT J AU MAYER, FL KRAUSE, GF BUCKLER, DR ELLERSIECK, MR LEE, GH AF MAYER, FL KRAUSE, GF BUCKLER, DR ELLERSIECK, MR LEE, GH TI PREDICTING CHRONIC LETHALITY OF CHEMICALS TO FISHES FROM ACUTE TOXICITY TEST DATA - CONCEPTS AND LINEAR-REGRESSION ANALYSIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PREDICTION; CHRONIC TOXICITY; FISHES; LETHALITY; GROWTH ID EARLY LIFE STAGES; FATHEAD MINNOW; ENDPOINTS AB A comprehensive approach to predicting chronic lethality from acute toxicity data was developed in which simultaneous consideration is given to concentration, degree of response, and time course of effect. A consistent end point (lethality) and degree of response (0%) were used to compare acute and chronic tests. Predicted NOECs were highly accurate 84 to 92% of the time (within a factor of 2.0 of the limits of the maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations for lethality) and did not vary by more than a factor of 3.6 97% of the time when the technique was applied to a database of 18 chemicals and seven fish species. Growth effects can be predicted from chronic lethality, but reproductive or other chronic effects should not. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,AGR EXPTL STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP MAYER, FL (reprint author), US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,1 SABINE ISL DR,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561, USA. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[671:PCLOCT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NB182 UT WOS:A1994NB18200018 ER PT J AU DAVISSON, ML PRESSER, TS CRISS, RE AF DAVISSON, ML PRESSER, TS CRISS, RE TI GEOCHEMISTRY OF TECTONICALLY EXPELLED FLUIDS FROM THE NORTHERN COAST RANGES, RUMSEY-HILLS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GREAT VALLEY SEQUENCE; SOUTHWESTERN SACRAMENTO VALLEY; SALINE FORMATION WATERS; ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; GULF-COAST; ACCRETIONARY PRISM; SEDIMENTARY BASIN; FRIO FORMATION; ARC BASIN; CALIFORNIA AB Tectonic compression has created abnormally high pressure on deep basinal fluids causing their expulsion from areally exposed Upper Cretaceous rock along the eastern margin of the California Coast ranges. The fluids emerge as near-neutral, perennial sodium chloride springs at high elevations with flow rates as high as 10 L per min. Higher spring discharges are more common around the exposure of a west-vergent fault propagation fold axis. Spring waters range from approximately 1000 to 27,000 mg/L TDS. The least saline water (delta O-18 = -7.5parts per thousand) closely represents local meteoric water that mixes with saline fluid (delta O-18 = + 5.3parts per thousand) and forms a slope of approximately 3.5 on a deltaD vs. delta O-18 plot. A Na (125 to 8000 mg/L) vs. Cl (150 to 17,000 mg/L) plot shows a linear dilution trend that extends close to, but below, the values for modern seawater. Calcium (75-3000 mg/L) is considerably enriched relative to seawater and forms a nonlinear trend with chloride. In detail, the ''Na deficit,'' defined by the difference between the measured Na content and the Na concentration on a hypothetical seawater dilution line, is approximately balanced by the Ca excess, similarly defined by the seawater dilution line. This relationship strongly suggests that the fluid is diluted seawater that is being modified by active albitization of plagioclase at different depths. Simultaneous B and O-18 enrichment of the fluids, accompanied by deuterium depletion, further suggest that the seawater modification is influenced by clay diagenesis. Bicarbonate and SiO2 concentrations show an inverse correlation with Cl, with most waters being saturated or slightly oversaturated with calcite and quartz at the discharge temperatures. Some freshwater springs with near-meteoric stable isotope values may represent mixing of young groundwater from perched aquifers, but in many cases, the freshwater springs emerge along the same structures and have the same perennial nature as the saline fluids, and expulsion of an older fresh groundwater component that is under abnormal fluid pressures cannot be ruled out. Basinal fluids elsewhere commonly show dilution trends with local meteoric water, and in the case of the Rumsey Hills, some of the dilute saline waters may indicate deep penetration of meteoric water (> 1 km) in the Pleistocene before the latest tectonic uplift. Geothermometry of the spring waters (maximum approximately 90-degrees-C) suggest an origin from as deep as 4.0 km. This depth is consistent with the depth of the core of a fault propagation anticline below the surface of the Rumsey Hills developed by active internal deformation of an east-tapering wedge beneath the south-western Sacramento Valley. Active tectonic compression causes near-lithostatic fluid pressures in the shallow subsurface below the Rumsey Hills and volume strain within the core of the anticline that results in upward expulsion of the saline fluids from the indicated depths. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT GEOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP DAVISSON, ML (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV NUCL CHEM,POB 808,L-237,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 69 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1687 EP 1699 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90530-4 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF222 UT WOS:A1994NF22200001 ER PT J AU MUROWCHICK, JB COVENEY, RM GRAUCH, RI ELDRIDGE, CS SHELTON, KL AF MUROWCHICK, JB COVENEY, RM GRAUCH, RI ELDRIDGE, CS SHELTON, KL TI CYCLIC VARIATIONS OF SULFUR ISOTOPES IN CAMBRIAN STRATABOUND NI-MO-(PGE-AU) ORES OF SOUTHERN CHINA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MINERALIZATION; PLATINUM; DEPOSITS; IRIDIUM; SHALES; METALS; RATIOS; AU AB Cyclic variations of delta S-34 values over a range of at least 48 parts per thousand in pyrite nodules from stratabound Ni-Mo-PGE(Au) ores of southern China are attributed to biogenic reduction of seawater sulfate in an anoxic, phosphogenic, and metallogenic basin. Cyclic introduction and mixing of normal seawater into typically stagnant basin waters led to extreme variations in delta S-34 values of aqueous sulfide species present at different times. Intermittent venting of metal-laden hydrothermal fluids into such a bacteriogenic sulfide-rich environment resulted in precipitation of metal sulfides as pseudomorphous replacements of organic debris and as sulfide sediments that record large deltaS-34(CDT) variations from -26 to + 22 parts per thousand. Apatite and silica dominated the replacement of the organic debris when metals were not being introduced into the basin. The combination of abundant organic debris, localized topographic basins for accumulation of the debris, bacterial production of sulfide species, and introduction of metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids provided the environment necessary to form these unusually rich Ni-Mo ores. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,RES SCH EARTH SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2600,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOL SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP MUROWCHICK, JB (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOSCI,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110, USA. RI Coveney, Raymond/D-5133-2017; OI Coveney, Raymond/0000-0002-2082-9727; Murowchick, James/0000-0003-2987-0352 NR 44 TC 47 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1813 EP 1823 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90538-X PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF222 UT WOS:A1994NF22200009 ER PT J AU WHITE, AF PETERSON, ML HOCHELLA, MF AF WHITE, AF PETERSON, ML HOCHELLA, MF TI ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF MAGNETITE AND ILMENITE SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PROBE MICROANALYSIS; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; IRON; OXIDES; MECHANISM; MINERALS; OXYGEN; WATER AB Natural samples of magnetite and ilmenite were experimentally weathered in pH 1-7 anoxic solutions at temperatures of 2-65-degrees-C. Reaction of magnetite is described as [Fe2+Fe2(3+)]O4(magnetite) + 2H+ --> gamma[Fe2(3+)]O3(maghemite) + Fe2+ + H2O. Dynamic polarization experiments using magnetite electrodes confirmed that this reaction is controlled by two electrochemical half cells, 3[Fe2+Fe2(3+)]O4(magnetite) --> 4gamma[Fe2(3+)]O3(maghemite) + Fe2+ + 2e-and [Fe2+Fe2(3+)]O4(magnetite + 8 H+ + 2e- --> 3Fe2+ + 4H2O, which result in solid state Fe3+ reduction, formation of an oxidized layer, and release of Fe(II) to solution. XPS data revealed that iron is present in the ferric state in the surfaces of reacted magnetite and ilmenite and that the Ti/Fe ratio increased with reaction pH for ilmenite. Short-term (<36 h) release rates of Fe(II) were linear with time. Between pH 1 and 7, rates varied between 0.3 and 13 X 10(-14) mol.cm-2.s-1 for magnetite, and 0.05 and 12.3 X 10(-14) mol.cm-2.s-1 for ilmenite. These rates are two orders of magnitude slower than electrochemical rates determined by Tafel and polarization resistance measurements. Discrepancies are due to both differences in geometric and BET surface area estimates and in the oxidation state of the mineral surface. In long-term closed-system experiments (<120 days), Fe(II) release slowed with time due to the passivation of the surfaces by increasing thicknesses of oxide surface layers. A shrinking core model, coupling surface reaction and diffusion transport, predicted that at neutral pH, the mean residence time for sand-size grains of magnetite and ilmenite will exceed 10' years. This agrees with long-term stability of these oxides in the geologic record. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT GEOL, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 46 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1859 EP 1875 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90420-0 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NJ318 UT WOS:A1994NJ31800001 ER PT J AU TOSDAL, RM STONE, P AF TOSDAL, RM STONE, P TI STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS AND U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY FO THE UPPER CRETACEOUS UPPER MCCOY MOUNTAINS FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WEST CENTRAL ARIZONA; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; AGE; DEFORMATION; TECTONICS; HISTORY; ZIRCON AB A previously unrecognized angular unconformity divides the Jurassic and Cretaceous McCoy Mountains Formation into a lower and an upper unit in the Dome Rock Mountains and Livingston Hills of western Arizona. The lower unit of the McCoy Mountains Formation consists of generally fine-grained quartzose and volcanidastic strata that were deposited after cessation of Middle Jurassic explosive volcanism. The basal contact of the lower unit is disconformable in most places, but locally it has been interpreted to be gradational with the underlying silicic volcanic rocks. The upper unit is a fining-upward sequence of quartzo-feldspathic and arkosic conglomerate and sandstone that records uplift of a northern source terrane. A tuff in the lower part of the upper unit has a U-Pb crystallization age of 79 +/- 2 Ma (Late Cretaceous). Rocks of the lower unit are deformed by pre-80 Ma thrust faults of the generally southward-vergent Maria fold and thrust belt, which bounds the outcrop belt of the McCoy Mountains Formation on the north. The upper unit is exposed only south of the fold and thrust belt. We interpret the intraformation unconformity in the McCoy Mountains Formation to have developed where rocks of the lower unit were deformed adjacent to the southern margin of the Maria fold and thrust belt. The upper unit of the formation is interpreted as a foreland-basin deposit that was shed southward from the actively rising and deforming fold and thrust belt. The apparent absence of an equivalent unconformity in the McCoy Mountains Formation in adjacent California is presumably a consequence of the observed westward divergence of the outcrop belt from the fold and thrust belt. Continued southward shortening deformed the entire formation under greenschist- and, locally, amphibolite-facies conditions soon after the upper unit was deposited. Tectonic burial beneath the north-vergent Mule Mountains thrust system in the latest Late Cretaceous (approximately 70 Ma) marked the end of Mesozoic contractile deformation in the area. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP TOSDAL, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 BP 476 EP 491 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0476:SRAUPG>2.3.CO;2 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NE799 UT WOS:A1994NE79900003 ER PT J AU BENZ, HM MCCARTHY, J AF BENZ, HM MCCARTHY, J TI EVIDENCE FOR AN UPPER-MANTLE LOW-VELOCITY ZONE BENEATH THE SOUTHERN BASIN AND RANGE-COLORADO PLATEAU TRANSITION ZONE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BASIN; ATTENUATION; ARIZONA AB A 370-km-long seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection profile recorded during the Pacific to Arizona Crustal Experiment (PACE) detected an upper mantle P-wave low-velocity zone (LVZ) in the depth range 40 to 55 km beneath the Basin and Range in southern Arizona. Interpretation of seismic data places constraints on the sub-crustal lithosphere of the southern Basin and Range Province, which is important in light of the active tectonics of the region and the unknown role of the sub-crustal lithosphere in the development of the western United States. Forward travel time and synthetic seismogram techniques are used to model this shallow upper mantle LVZ. Modeling results show that the LVZ is defined by a 5% velocity decrease relative to a P(n) velocity of 7.95 km s-1, suggesting either a approximately 3-5% mafic partial melt or high-temperature, sub-solidus peridotite. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP BENZ, HM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046 MS966,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 7 BP 509 EP 512 DI 10.1029/93GL01660 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NE512 UT WOS:A1994NE51200001 ER PT J AU GAT, JR BOWSER, CJ KENDALL, C AF GAT, JR BOWSER, CJ KENDALL, C TI THE CONTRIBUTION OF EVAPORATION FROM THE GREAT-LAKES TO THE CONTINENTAL ATMOSPHERE - ESTIMATE BASED ON STABLE-ISOTOPE DATA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The isotopic composition of precipitation and river runoff in the vicinity of the North American Great Lakes is characterized by a higher deuterium-excess value than observed in the advecting air masses. It is suggested that this indicates that evaporated moisture from the surface waters is mixed with the atmosphere waters. A preliminary estimate of the atmospheric water balance during summer and autumn indicates that between 4.6%-15.7% of the atmospheric water content downwind from the Great Lakes is derived from lake evaporation during summer. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP GAT, JR (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENERGY RES,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 20 TC 171 Z9 185 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 7 BP 557 EP 560 DI 10.1029/94GL00069 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NE512 UT WOS:A1994NE51200013 ER PT J AU WILSON, SA BRIGGS, PH MEE, JS SIEMS, DF AF WILSON, SA BRIGGS, PH MEE, JS SIEMS, DF TI DETERMINATION OF 32 MAJOR AND TRACE-ELEMENTS OF 3 NIST SOIL SRMS USING ICP-AES AND WDXRF SO GEOSTANDARDS NEWSLETTER LA English DT Article AB The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently released three soil standard reference materials that are uncontaminated (SRM 2709), moderately contaminated (SRM 2711), and highly contaminated (SRM 2710) with metals. The SRMs were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for thirty two major, minor and trace elements using a combination of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WDXRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Good agreement is observed between NIST certified values and USGS results. The wide concentration ranges for most transition metals should make these SRMs useful in assessing the accuracy of methods used in geochemical exploration and environmental studies. RP WILSON, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOSTANDARDS PI VANDOEUVRE NANCY PA 15 RUE NOTRE-DAME-DES-PAUVRES BP 20, 54501 VANDOEUVRE NANCY, FRANCE SN 0150-5505 J9 GEOSTANDARD NEWSLETT JI Geostand. Newsl. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1994.tb00506.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NF582 UT WOS:A1994NF58200005 ER PT J AU SOLLER, DR BERNKNOPF, RL AF SOLLER, DR BERNKNOPF, RL TI GEOLOGIC INFORMATION AND LAND-USE DECISIONS SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP SOLLER, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD APR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 4 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NE043 UT WOS:A1994NE04300006 ER PT J AU MANNY, BA JOHNSON, WC WETZEL, RG AF MANNY, BA JOHNSON, WC WETZEL, RG TI NUTRIENT ADDITIONS BY WATERFOWL TO LAKES AND RESERVOIRS - PREDICTING THEIR EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND WATER-QUALITY SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AQUATIC BIRDS; PHOSPHORUS LOADING; TROPHIC STATE; EUTROPHICATION ID PHOSPHORUS; EUTROPHICATION AB Lakes and reservoirs provide water for human needs and habitat for aquatic birds. Managers of such waters may ask whether nutrients added by waterfowl degrade water quality. For lakes and reservoirs where primary productivity is limited by phosphorus (P), we developed a procedure that integrates annual P loads from waterfowl and other external sources, applies a nutrient load-response model, and determines whether waterfowl that used the lake or reservoir degraded water quality. Annual P loading by waterfowl can be derived from a figure in this report, using the days per year that each kind spent on any lake or reservoir. In our example, over 6500 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and 4200 ducks (mostly mallards, Anas platyrhynchos) added 4462 kg of carbon (C), 280 kg of nitrogen (N), and 88 kg of P y-1 to Wintergreen Lake in southwestern Michigan, mostly during their migration. These amounts were 69% of all C, 27% of all N, and 70% of all P that entered the lake from external sources. Loads from all external sources totaled 840 mg P m-2 y-1. Application of a nutrient load-response model to this concentration, the hydraulic load (0.25 m y-1), and the water residence time (9.7 y) of Wintergreen Lake yielded an average annual concentration of total P in the lake of 818 mg m-3 that classified the lake as hypertrophic. This trophic classification agreed with independent measures of primary productivity, chlorophyll-a, total P, total N, and Secchi disk transparency made in Wintergreen Lake. Our procedure showed that waterfowl caused low water quality in Wintergreen Lake. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, WK KELLOGG BIRD SANCTUARY, WK KELLOGG BIOL STN, HICKORY CORNERS, MI 49060 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT BIOL SCI, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35487 USA. RP MANNY, BA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, 1451 GREEN RD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. NR 55 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 11 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 279 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1007/BF00027847 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NK399 UT WOS:A1994NK39900013 ER PT J AU HEGLUND, PJ JONES, JR FREDERICKSON, LH KAISER, MS AF HEGLUND, PJ JONES, JR FREDERICKSON, LH KAISER, MS TI USE OF BOREAL FORESTED WETLANDS BY PACIFIC LOONS (GAVIA-PACIFICA LAWRENCE) AND HORNED GREBES (PODICEPS-AURITUS L) - RELATIONS WITH LIMNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE PACIFIC LOON; HORNED GREBE; WETLAND SELECTION; LIMNOLOGY; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; WETLANDS ID TERRITORY SIZE; COMMON LOONS; VEGETATION; ALASKA; SAMPLES; IMMER; LAKE AB Our objective was to determine if the occurrence and abundance of Pacific loons (Gavia pacifica Lawrence) and homed grebes (Podiceps auritus L.) on 123 wetlands of Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in east central Alaska were related to the limnological characteristics of those wetlands. Aquatic bird-wetland use surveys were conducted in conjunction with limnological sampling from May through September 1985-87 and May through August 1989. Results from logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the probability of wetland use by Pacific loons and shoreline length, water color, calcium and total phosphorus. Wetland use by horned grebes was related to shoreline length, pH, and chlorophyll. Aquatic bird abundance was then used as a Poisson response variable and modeled as a function of wetland limnological characteristics. Our results indicate that Pacific loon abundance was adequately modeled by linear and quadratic functions of shoreline length, color, pH, calcium and total phosphorus. Homed grebe abundance could not be modeled with this approach. The statistical techniques known collectively as generalized linear models provided a framework for the development of models for aquatic bird use of wetlands. Our results, however, indicate that while this approach shows promise, a better understanding of how to model aquatic bird abundance is needed. We then identify problems in model development and suggest avenues for future research. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, SCH NAT RESOURCES, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, GAYLORD MEM LAB, PUXICO, MO 63960 USA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT STAT, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP HEGLUND, PJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR, ANCHORAGE, AK 99503 USA. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 279 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1007/BF00027852 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NK399 UT WOS:A1994NK39900018 ER PT J AU MICHOT, TC MOSER, EB NORLING, W AF MICHOT, TC MOSER, EB NORLING, W TI EFFECTS OF WEATHER AND TIDES ON FEEDING AND FLOCK POSITIONS OF WINTERING REDHEADS IN THE CHANDELEUR-SOUND, LOUISIANA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AYTHYA-AMERICANA; FEEDING ECOLOGY; REDHEAD; WATERFOWL; WEATHER; WINTER ID TIME-ACTIVITY BUDGETS; AMERICAN BLACK DUCKS; GREEN-WINGED TEAL; BEHAVIOR; CANVASBACKS; NEBRASKA; TEXAS; FOOD AB We studied the effects of weather and tides on percent feeding and flock positions of wintering redheads (Aythya americana Eyton) in the Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana, USA. Flock scans (n = 750) were made on 55 flocks from November through March of 1988-1989. The percent of the flock that was feeding was negatively correlated with time of day, temperature, water level, and distance of the flock from shore, and was positively correlated with wind velocity, flock size, fetch, and wave height; birds also fed more in early winter and during northerly winds. Flocks were closer to land earlier in the winter on cloudy, rainy, and windy days when waves were high, and those flocks were smaller than flocks farther from shore. Conditions associated with reduced fetch by flocks included later time of day, smaller waves, warmer air temperatures, northerly wind shifts, stronger winds, increasing cloud cover, and rain. Redheads minimized energy expenditure by foraging during low tides and in shallow water closer to shore; they increased feeding and reduced fetch during times of high thermoregulatory demands. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, DEPT EXPTL STAT, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. RP MICHOT, TC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL WETLAND RES CTR, 700 CAJUNDOME BLVD, LAFAYETTE, LA 70506 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 279 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1007/BF00027860 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NK399 UT WOS:A1994NK39900026 ER PT J AU WOODIN, MC AF WOODIN, MC TI USE OF SALTWATER AND FRESH-WATER HABITATS BY WINTERING REDHEADS IN SOUTHERN TEXAS SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE AYTHYA-AMERICANA; FRESH WATER; HABITATS; REDHEADS; SALT WATER; TEXAS ID TIME-ACTIVITY BUDGETS; GREEN-WINGED TEAL; SAMPLING METHODS; DIVING DUCKS; LAGUNA MADRE; NORTH-DAKOTA; LOUISIANA; WATER; HYPERSALINE; BEHAVIOR AB Behavioral data were gathered for redheads (Aythya americana Eyton) using saltwater and freshwater habitats in southern Texas, the northern portion of their major wintering range, in 1989-90. Saltwater and freshwater habitats were used for different purposes by wintering redheads. Approximately 41% of all redheads in saltwater habitats were feeding, while only 0.1% of redheads in freshwater habitats were feeding. Redheads in saltwater habitats drank infrequently (0.3%), but 7.5% of redheads in freshwater wetlands were drinking. Only 23 courting activities were observed, but all occurred in freshwater wetlands. This study showed that redheads depend on saltwater habitats for feeding, which confirmed similar results from recent studies of redheads in the central and southern portions of the Laguna Madre in southern Texas. This study also showed that redheads depend on freshwater wetlands as sources of drinking water. This concurred with data on redhead behavior in the central portion of the Laguna Madre in Texas, but not for redheads wintering in the southern part of the Laguna Madre. Both habitats, saltwater and freshwater, must be considered as integral components of the redhead winter range throughout southern Texas. RP WOODIN, MC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL WETLANDS RES CTR, CAMPUS BOX 339 CCSU, 6300 OCEAN DR, CORPUS CHRISTI, TX 78412 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 279 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1007/BF00027861 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NK399 UT WOS:A1994NK39900027 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB STANTON, RW FLORES, RM AF ROBERTS, SB STANTON, RW FLORES, RM TI A DEBRIS FLOW DEPOSIT IN ALLUVIAL, COAL-BEARING FACIES, BIGHORN BASIN, WYOMING, USA - EVIDENCE FOR CATASTROPHIC TERMINATION OF A MIRE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWDER RIVER BASIN; ENVIRONMENTS; MODELS AB Coal and clastic facies investigations Of a Paleocene coal-bearing succession in the Grass Creek coal mine, southwestern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, suggest that disruption of peat accumulation in recurrent mires was caused by the repetitive progradation of crevasse splays and, ultimately, by a catastrophic mass movement. The mass movement, represented by deposits of a debris flow, marked the termination of significant peat accumulation in the Grass Creek coal mine area. Megascopic and microscopic analyses of coal beds exposed along the mine highwalls suggest that these deposits developed in low-lying mires, as evidenced primarily by their ash yields and maceral composition. Disruption of peat accumulation in successive mires was caused by incursions of sediment into the mire environments. Termination by crevasse splay progradation is represented by coarsening-upward successions of mudrock and tabular, rooted sandstone, which overlie coal beds in the lower part of the coal-bearing interval. A more rapid process of mire termination by mass movement is exemplified by a debris flow deposit of diamictite, which overlies the uppermost coal bed at the top of the coal-bearing interval. The diamictite consists of a poorly sorted, unstratified mixture of quartzite cobbles and pebbles embedded in a claystone-rich or sandy mudstone matrix. Deposition of the diamictite may have taken place over a matter of weeks, days, or perhaps even hours, by catastrophic flood, thus reflecting an instantaneous process of mire termination. Coarse clastics and mud were transported from the southwest some 20-40 km as a viscous debris flow along stream courses from the ancestral Washakie Range to the Grass Creek area, where the flow overrode a low-lying mire and effectively terminated peat accumulation. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH COAL GEOL,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH COAL GEOL,POB 25046,FED CTR MS972,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(94)90017-5 PG 29 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA NG120 UT WOS:A1994NG12000001 ER PT J AU ZHOU, YP REN, YL TANG, DZ BOHOR, B AF ZHOU, YP REN, YL TANG, DZ BOHOR, B TI CHARACTERISTICS OF ZIRCONS FROM VOLCANIC ASH-DERIVED TONSTEINS IN LATE PERMIAN COAL FIELDS OF EASTERN YUNNAN, CHINA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Kaolinitic tonsteins of altered synsedimentary volcanic ash-fall origin are well developed in the Late Permian coal-bearing formations of eastern Yunnan Province. Because of their unique origin, wide lateral extent, relatively constant thickness and sharp contacts with enclosing strata, great importance has been attached to these isochronous petrographic markers. In order to compare tonsteins with co-existing, non-cineritic claystones and characterize the individuality of tonsteins from different horizons for coal bed correlation, a semi-quantitative method was developed that is based on statistical analyses of the concentration and morphology of zircons and their spatial distribution patterns. This zircon-based analytical method also serves as a means for reconstructing volcanic ash-fall dispersal patterns. The results demonstrate that zircons from claystones of two different origins (i.e., tonstein and non-cineritic claystone) differ greatly in their relative abundances, crystal morphologies and spatial distribution patterns. Tonsteins from the same area but from different horizons are characterized by their own unique statistical patterns in terms of zircon concentration values and morphologic parameters (crystal length, width and the ratio of these values), thus facilitating stratigraphic correlation. Zircons from the same tonstein horizon also show continuous variation in these statistical patterns as a function of areal distribution, making it possible to identify the main path and direction in which the volcanic source materials were transported by prevailing winds. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS972,DENVER,CO 80225. KUNMING INST COAL SCI,KUNMING,PEOPLES R CHINA. COLORADO SCH MINES,DEPT GEOCHIM,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0166-5162(94)90018-3 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA NG120 UT WOS:A1994NG12000002 ER PT J AU ROOT, DH HASELTON, HT CHOU, IM AF ROOT, DH HASELTON, HT CHOU, IM TI AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF THERMODYNAMIC DERIVATIVES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article RP ROOT, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,920 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 4 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA NJ545 UT WOS:A1994NJ54500015 ER PT J AU MILLY, PCD DUNNE, KA AF MILLY, PCD DUNNE, KA TI SENSITIVITY OF THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE TO THE WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY OF LAND SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID AMAZON DEFORESTATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; SOIL-MOISTURE AB The sensitivity of the global water cycle to the water-holding capacity of the plant-root zone of continental soils is estimated by simulations using a mathematical model of the general circulation of the atmosphere, with prescribed ocean surface temperatures and prescribed cloud. With an increase of the globally constant storage capacity, evaporation from the continents rises and runoff falls, because a high storage capacity enhances the ability of the soil to store water from periods of excess for later evaporation during periods of shortage. In addition to this direct effect, atmospheric feedbacks associated with the resulting higher precipitation and lower potential evaporation drive further changes in evaporation and runoff. Most of the changes in evaporation and runoff occur in the tropics and in the northern middle-latitude rain belts. Global evaporation from land increases by about 7 cm for each doubling of storage capacity in the range from less than 1 cm to almost 60 cm. Sensitivity is negligible for capacity above 60 cm. In the tropics and in the extratropics, the increased continental evaporation is split, in approximately equal parts, between increased continental precipitation and decreased convergence of atmospheric water vapor from ocean to land. In the tropics, this partitioning is strongly affected by induced circulation changes, which are themselves forced by changes in latent heating. The increased availability of water at the continental surfaces leads to an intensification of the Hadley circulation and a weakening of the monsoonal circulations. In the northern middle and high latitudes, the increased continental evaporation moistens the atmosphere. This change in humidity of the atmosphere is greater above the continents than above the oceans, and the resulting reduction in the sea-land humidity gradient causes a decreased onshore transport of water vapor by transient eddies. Results established here may have implications for certain problems in global hydrology and climate dynamics, including the effects of water resource development on global precipitation, climatic control of plant rooting characteristics, climatic effects of tropical deforestation, and climate-model errors induced by errors in land-surface hydrologic parameterizations. RP MILLY, PCD (reprint author), NOAA,GFDL,US GEOL SURVEY,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 21 TC 149 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 506 EP 526 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0506:SOTGWC>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NG434 UT WOS:A1994NG43400003 ER PT J AU SAOUMA, VE BARTON, CC AF SAOUMA, VE BARTON, CC TI FRACTALS, FRACTURES, AND SIZE EFFECTS IN CONCRETE SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DIMENSION; SURFACES; ROUGHNESS; GEOMETRY; CRACKS AB Correlation between fractal dimensions and fracture properties in cementitious material is reported. Wedge splitting tests of specimens as much as 1.52 m (5 ft) long and having 7.62-cm (3-in.) maximum size aggregate were first performed to determine fracture toughness K(lc) and fracture energy G(F). Subsequently, one of the split parts was mapped using a profilometer to provide detailed one-dimensional profiles. Finally, the fractal dimension of the profiles was determined by a specially developed computer program. The fracture surfaces are fractal over the measured range of scales, and the fractal dimension is independent of crack trajectory. There is a weak correlation between the fracture properties and the fractal dimensions. The implications of the fractal nature of the cracked surfaces on the fracture energy G(F) are discussed, as is the relationship between a fractal analysis and the size effect law. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,CO 80225. RP SAOUMA, VE (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CIV ENVIR & ARCH ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Saouma, Victor/G-6191-2014 OI Saouma, Victor/0000-0003-1721-1034 NR 33 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD APR PY 1994 VL 120 IS 4 BP 835 EP 854 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1994)120:4(835) PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA NC985 UT WOS:A1994NC98500011 ER PT J AU MESLOW, EC HOLTHAUSEN, RS CLEAVES, DA AF MESLOW, EC HOLTHAUSEN, RS CLEAVES, DA TI ASSESSMENT OF TERRESTRIAL SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP MESLOW, EC (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 1994 VL 92 IS 4 BP 24 EP 27 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ND815 UT WOS:A1994ND81500010 ER PT J AU ALBINO, GV AF ALBINO, GV TI GEOLOGY AND LITHOGEOCHEMISTRY OF THE REN GOLD PROSPECT, ELKO-COUNTY, NEVADA - THE ROLE OF ROCK SAMPLING IN EXPLORATION FOR DEEP CARLIN-TYPE DEPOSITS SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article AB The Ren gold prospect, Elko County, Nevada, is in the northern part of the Carlin trend, two kilometers northwest of the recently-discovered, high-grade Purple Vein deposit. The Ren area is underlain mainly by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, consisting of limestone, calcareous siltstone, and mudstone of the eastern (carbonate) assemblage, overlain in thrust contact by chert, quartzite, and mudstone of the western (siliceous) assemblage. Cretaceous(?) granodiorite porphyry and hornblende porphyry dikes have intruded the sedimentary rocks along north-striking faults. Three stages of mineralization include a pre- or syntectonic base metal-barite assemblage, a middle stage of Ag- and Sb-rich jasperoid, and a late Au-rich stage responsible for the potentially economic mineralization at the prospect. The latter two stages of alteration and mineralization were focused along steep east-dipping faults and dikes, and the nearly flat-lying contact between lower massive limestone and laminated calcareous siltstone. Mineralization is present between 380 and 500 m below the surface. Alteration includes decalcification and weak silicification in siltstone, and formation of massive jasperoid in the upper part of the limestone unit. Alteration of dikes is mainly sericite-quartz-pyrite, with late pyrite-quartz-kaolinite. The element suite characteristic of Au-stage mineralization includes Au, As, and Hg with minor Ag and Hg; Ag and Sb are most enriched in the earlier jasperoid event. Haloes of As and Hg extend at least 80 m above the Au mineralization, but no anomalies are present at the surface. Gold anomalies are more widespread, and extend to shallower depths, but are less coherent. C1 UNIV NEVADA,MACKAY SCH MINES,US GEOL SURV,RENO FIELD OFF,RENO,NV 89557. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD APR PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 37 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0375-6742(94)90004-3 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NM625 UT WOS:A1994NM62500003 ER PT J AU PETERS, NE AF PETERS, NE TI WATER-QUALITY VARIATIONS IN A FORESTED PIEDMONT CATCHMENT, GEORGIA, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANOLA-MOUNTAIN; PRECIPITATION; ACID AB Variations in runoff water quality were investigated at the Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), a 41 ha forested catchment in the Georgia Piedmont, from October 1985 to September 1988, to evaluate processes controlling solute transport. Routine weekly manual sampling was augmented by sampling during storms using a computer-controlled automatic water-quality sampler. Runoff from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters typically had high solute concentrations at the onset of a rainstorm. The SO42- and H+ concentrations were higher in runoff from this outcrop than in the corresponding rain. These high concentrations were attributed to the wash-off of acidic-SO42- dry deposition that had accumulated on the outcrop during the preceding dry period. In contrast, both NH4+ and NO3- were depleted in the runoff, probably because they were removed by the lichens and mosses covering the outcrop. Storm sampling of streamwater at the basin outlet indicated that NO3- was mobilized during some summer storms, particularly in late July of each year. Also, SO42- and alkalinity varied markedly during storms. As determined from the routine weekly sampling, the streamwater was sufficiently neutral to indicate that streamwater acidification by acidic atmospheric deposition was relatively unimportant: only 26% of the decrease in alkalinity was associated with SO42- concentration increases. The storm data, however, indicated that streamwater acidification did not occur during the storms sampled, but that the median alkalinity was much lower and SO42- concentrations were much higher than values determined from the weekly (base flow) sampling. The storm-sampling results indicate that episodic acidification may occur at PMRW. RP PETERS, NE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3039 AMWILER RD,SUITE 130,ATLANTA,GA 30360, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90072-8 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NF770 UT WOS:A1994NF77000005 ER PT J AU SACKS, LA LEE, TM RADELL, MJ AF SACKS, LA LEE, TM RADELL, MJ TI COMPARISON OF ENERGY-BUDGET EVAPORATION LOSSES FROM 2 MORPHOMETRICALLY DIFFERENT FLORIDA SEEPAGE LAKES SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTIES; MODELS AB Evaporation was computed by the energy-budget method for two north Florida lakes with similar surface areas but different depths, for the period May 1989 to December 1990. Lake Barco, in north-central Florida, is shallow, with an average depth of 3 m; Lake Five-0, in the Florida panhandle, is considerably deeper, with an average depth of 9.5 m. As a result, the thermal regime and seasonal evaporation rates of the lakes are different. Evaporation from the shallower lake was higher than that from the deeper lake in the winter and spring. In the late summer and autumn, however, the situation is reversed. Evaporation from the shallow lake is directly related to the amount of incoming shortwave radiation because of its limited ability to store energy. The lag in evaporation at the deeper lake is a function of the greater amount of heat that it seasonally stores and releases. The difference in annual evaporation between Lake Barco (151 cm year-1) and Lake Five-O (128 cm year-1) is related to differences in regional climatic conditions between the two sites. Additionally, higher than normal evaporation rates at the two lakes are probably related to drought conditions experienced in north Florida during 1990, which resulted in higher temperatures and more incoming radiation. Monthly evaporation at Lake Barco could usually be estimated within 10% of the energy-budget evaporation using a constant pan coefficient. This lake may be representative of other shallow lakes that do not store considerable heat. Monthly evaporation at Lake Five-O, however, could not be estimated accurately by using an annual pan coefficient because of the large seasonal influence of change in stored heat. Monthly mass-transfer evaporation compared well with energy-budget evaporation at Lake Barco, but did not compare well at Lake Five-O. These errors may also be associated with changes in heat storage. Thus, the thermal regime of the lake must be considered to estimate accurately the seasonal evaporation rates from a deep lake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PUEBLO,CO 81002. RP SACKS, LA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4710 EISENHOWER BLVD,SUITE B-5,TAMPA,FL 33634, USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 311 EP 334 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90083-3 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NF770 UT WOS:A1994NF77000016 ER PT J AU MCKEE, EH ROBINSON, AC RYBUTA, JJ CUITINO, L MOSCOSO, RD AF MCKEE, EH ROBINSON, AC RYBUTA, JJ CUITINO, L MOSCOSO, RD TI AGE AND SR ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF VOLCANIC-ROCKS IN THE MARICUNGA BELT, CHILE - IMPLICATIONS FOR MAGMA SOURCES SO JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 dating of volcanic rocks from the Maricunga belt of north-central Chile indicate that igneous activity took place throughout most of Miocene time at various places in the 150 by 30 km belt. No migration patterns of volcanism appear in the Miocene rocks of the belt. Volcanic activity ceased by the end of the Miocene. All the Miocene volcanic rocks studied am calcic andesites to dacites with about 62% SiO2, 18% Al2O3, 4% Fe2O3 (total), and 2% K2O. Initial Sr-87/Sr-86 (Sr) values fall into two groups, one of lower values around 0.7050 to the west and the other of higher values around 0.7060 to the east. It is postulated that the two Sr(i) groups reflect two adjoining coherent lower-crustal magma sources of possibly different age and subtly different composition that form part of the western edge of the South American craton. RP MCKEE, EH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-9811 J9 J S AM EARTH SCI JI J. South Am. Earth Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0895-9811(94)90006-X PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NT174 UT WOS:A1994NT17400006 ER PT J AU MARZOLF, GR AF MARZOLF, GR TI DAMMING THE COLORADO - THE RISE OF THE LOWER-COLORADO-RIVER-AUTHORITY, 1933-1939 - ADAMS,JA SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review RP MARZOLF, GR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD APR PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC History SC History GA NJ726 UT WOS:A1994NJ72600065 ER PT J AU DELGIUDICE, GD MECH, LD SEAL, US AF DELGIUDICE, GD MECH, LD SEAL, US TI NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION AND ACID-BASE-BALANCE IN WHITE-TAILED DEER SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ACID-BASE; BLOOD GASES; ELECTROLYTES; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; SERUM PH; URINARY PH; WHITE-TAILED DEER ID WINTER; URINE; UNDERNUTRITION; PROFILES AB We examined the effect of progressive nutritional restriction on acid-base balance in seven captive, adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from 4 February to 5 May 1988 in north central Minnesota (USA). Metabolic acidosis was indicated by low mean blood pH (7.25 to 7.33) in deer throughout the study. Mean urinary pH values declined (P = 0.020) from a mean (+/-SE) baseline of 8.3 +/- 0.1 to 6.7 +/- 0.3 as restriction progressed. Acidemia and aciduria were associated with significant variations in mean blood CO2 (P = 0.006) and pO(2) (P = 0.032), serum potassium (P = 0.004) concentrations, and with a significant (P = 0.104) handling date x group interaction in urinary potassium: creatinine values. Mean bicarbonate: carbonic acid ratios were consistently below 20:1 during nutritional restriction. Mean packed cell volume increased (P = 0.019) and serum total protein decreased (P = 0.001); thus there was evidence for progressive dehydration and net protein catabolism, respectively. Blood pCO(2), serum sodium, and urinary sodium:creatinine were stable throughout the study. We propose that acidosis and aciduria are metabolic complications associated with nutritional restriction of white-tailed deer. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. US VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. RP DELGIUDICE, GD (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,FOREST WILDLIFE POPULAT & RES GRP,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400016 PM 8028110 ER PT J AU TACHA, TC SCHACHT, SJ GEORGE, RR HILL, EF AF TACHA, TC SCHACHT, SJ GEORGE, RR HILL, EF TI ANTICHOLINESTERASE EXPOSURE OF WHITE-WINGED DOVES BREEDING IN LOWER RIO-GRANDE-VALLEY, TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE; BREEDING SEASON; LOWER RIO-GRANDE-VALLEY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE; TEXAS; WHITE-WINGED DOVE; ZENAIDA-ASIATICA ID BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; WILD BIRDS; PLASMA; PESTICIDES; RECOVERY AB We studied exposure of breeding white-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) to anticholinesterase compounds (organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), Texas. Widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides and dove population declines prompted the study. We collected breeding adult doves in May and July 1991 (n = 28) and July 1992 (n = 33) at 6 locations. We used depression of whole-brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity (2 SD below control mean) to detect exposure; values from 4 hand-reared doves fed commercial pigeon chow served as the control. Mean brain ChE activity was lower (P < 0.027) than the control sample at all 6 locations in 1991; 79% of the birds were diagnostic of exposure (> 16.1% ChE depression). Pooled 1992 field samples also were lower (P < 0.036) than were control samples; doves from 4 of the 6 locations had brain ChE activity below (P < 0.088) controls. Overall, 39% of 1992 doves were diagnostic of exposure to anticholinesterase compounds. Higher exposure rates in 1991 were probably due to increased use of organophosphorus pesticides. Research is needed documenting effects of sublethal exposure on white-winged dove productivity. C1 TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE DEPT,AUSTIN,TX 78744. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP TACHA, TC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,CAESAR KLEBERG WILDLIFE RES INST,CAMPUS BOX 218,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 2 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.2307/3809382 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA NF083 UT WOS:A1994NF08300004 ER PT J AU BEYER, WN CONNOR, EE GEROULD, S AF BEYER, WN CONNOR, EE GEROULD, S TI ESTIMATES OF SOIL INGESTION BY WILDLIFE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CONTAMINANTS, DIET; NUTRIENTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCAT; SEDIMENTS; SOIL INGESTION ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MULE DEER; EARTHWORMS; CATTLE; GUT; DIGESTIBILITY; PESTICIDE; RESIDUES; ECOLOGY; FORAGES AB Many wildlife species ingest soil while feeding, but ingestion rates are known for only a few species. Knowing ingestion rates may be important for studies of environmental contaminants. Wildlife may ingest soil deliberately, or incidentally, when they ingest soil-laden forage or animals that contain soil. We fed white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) diets containing 0-15% soil to relate the dietary soil content to the acid-insoluble ash content of scat collected from the mice. The relation was described by an equation that required estimates of the percent acid-insoluble ash content of the diet, digestibility of the diet, and mineral content of soil. We collected scat from 28 wildlife species by capturing animals, searching appropriate habitats for scat, or removing material from the intestines of animals collected for other purposes. We measured the acid-insoluble ash content of the scat and estimated the soil content of the diets by using the soil-ingestion equation. Soil ingestion estimates should be considered only approximate because they depend on estimated rather than measured digestibility values and because animals collected from local populations at one time of the year may not represent the species as a whole. Sandpipers (Calidris spp.), which probe or peck for invertebrates in mud or shallow water, consumed sediments at a rate of 7-30% of their diets. Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, soil = 17% of diet), American woodcock (Scolopax minor, 10%), and raccoon (Procyon lotor, 9%) had high rates of soil ingestion, presumably because they ate soil organisms. Bison (Bison bison, 7%), black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus, 8%), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis, 8%) consumed soil at the highest rates among the herbivores studied, and various browsers studied consumed little soil. Box turtle (Terrapene carolina, 4%), opossum (Didelphis virginiana, 5%), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 3%), and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, 9%) consumed soil at intermediate rates. Ingested soil may be the principal means of exposure to some environmental contaminants or the principal source of certain minerals. Soil-ingestion estimates may be required for risk assessments of wildlife inhabiting contaminated sites and for computing budgets of those nutrients associated mainly with soil. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP BEYER, WN (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,12011 BEECH FOREST RD,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 50 TC 180 Z9 187 U1 5 U2 61 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 2 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.2307/3809405 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA NF083 UT WOS:A1994NF08300027 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, W AF ROBINSON, W TI BUILD YOUR OWN LOW-COST SEISMIC BATHYMETRIC RECORDER ANNOTATOR SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter AB An inexpensive programmable annotator, completely compatible with at least three models of widely used graphic recorders (Raytheon LSR-1811, Raytheon LSR-1807 M, and EDO 550) has been developed to automatically write event marks and print up to sixteen numbers on the paper record. Event mark and character printout intervals, character height and character position are all selectable with front panel switches. Operation is completely compatible with recorders running in either continuous or start-stop mode. RP ROBINSON, W (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BRANCH PACIFIC MARINE GEOL,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 118 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/0025-3227(94)90109-0 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA NK978 UT WOS:A1994NK97800001 ER PT J AU LINK, WA NICHOLS, JD AF LINK, WA NICHOLS, JD TI ON THE IMPORTANCE OF SAMPLING VARIANCE TO INVESTIGATIONS OF TEMPORAL VARIATION IN ANIMAL POPULATION-SIZE SO OIKOS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DYNAMICS; VARIABILITY; EXTINCTION; PATTERNS; FLUCTUATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MODEL; TIME RP LINK, WA (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 41 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 5 U2 23 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 1994 VL 69 IS 3 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.2307/3545869 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NP632 UT WOS:A1994NP63200022 ER PT J AU OGASAWARA, K WOLFE, JA CRONIN, TM AF OGASAWARA, K WOLFE, JA CRONIN, TM TI SPECIAL ISSUE - CENOZOIC CLIMATE AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE PACIFIC REGION - PREFACE SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,PALEONTOL & STRATIG BRANCH,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. RP OGASAWARA, K (reprint author), UNIV TSUKUBA,INST GEOSCI,TENNODAI 1-1-1,TSUKUBA 305,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 193 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90232-1 PG 1 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA NR997 UT WOS:A1994NR99700001 ER PT J AU CRONIN, TM KITAMURA, A IKEYA, N WATANABE, M KAMIYA, T AF CRONIN, TM KITAMURA, A IKEYA, N WATANABE, M KAMIYA, T TI LATE PLIOCENE CLIMATE-CHANGE 3.4-2.3 MA - PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC RECORD FROM THE YABUTA FORMATION, SEA OF JAPAN SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cenozoic Climate and Paleogeographic Changes in the Pacific Region, at the 29th International Geological Congress CY AUG 24-SEP 03, 1992 CL KYOTO, JAPAN ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; LOESS STRATIGRAPHY; COASTAL-PLAIN; CENTRAL CHINA; PACIFIC; CALIBRATION; GLACIATION; LEVEL AB Late Pliocene paleoceanographic changes in the Sea of Japan between 3.4 and 2.3 Ma were investigated through study of molluscs, diatoms, and ostracodes from the Yabuta Formation in Toyama Prefecture. The period 3.4-2.7 Ma was characterized by relatively high sea level and cool water benthic faunas. A progressive paleoceanographic shift towards colder oceanic conditions and lower sea level occurred beginning near 2.7 Ma, intensifying about 2.5 Ma, when important changes in ostracode and molluscan faunas occurred. Between 2.7 and 2.3 Ma, eight glacial events can be inferred based on drops in sea level of 50-60 m and increasing proportions of cold, shallow water ostracode species whose modem ecology and zoogeography indicate colder winter water temperatures (3-4-degrees-C). The glacial events between 2.5 and 2.3 Ma were the most intense. Preliminary interpretation of the faunal and oceanographic events of the Yabuta Formation suggests that they correspond to Northern Hemispheric cooling also known from North Atlantic deep-sea oxygen isotope, IRD, and planktic foraminiferal records, North Pacific diatom and radiolarian record, and the Chinese loess sequences. The eight glacial events may record a 41,000-yr obliquity cycle which characterized other late Pliocene climate proxy records. Inferred sea level drops near 2.5-2.3 Ma of about 50-60 m provide direct evidence from an ocean margin setting that supports deep sea oxygen isotopic evidence indicating major changes in global ice volume changes. C1 KYOTO UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT GEOL & MINERAL,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. SHIZUOKA UNIV,INST GEOSCI,SHIZUOKA,JAPAN. GEOL SURVEY JAPAN,DEPT FUEL RESOURCES,TSUKUBA 305,JAPAN. KANAZAWA UNIV,DEPT GEOL,KANAZAWA,ISHIKAWA 920,JAPAN. RP CRONIN, TM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 970,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 55 TC 55 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 108 IS 3-4 BP 437 EP 455 DI 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90245-3 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA NR997 UT WOS:A1994NR99700014 ER PT J AU CROWLEY, SS DUFEK, DA STANTON, RW RYER, TA AF CROWLEY, SS DUFEK, DA STANTON, RW RYER, TA TI THE EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ASH DISTURBANCES ON A PEAT-FORMING ENVIRONMENT - ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION AND TAPHONOMIC CONSEQUENCES SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article AB The maceral and palynological composition of the C coal bed (Upper Cretaceous), central Utah, was significantly affected by the periodic deposition of volcanic ash in the precursor peat mire. The coal bed contains four altered volcanic ash partings (tonsteins). Sixty-seven coal and rock samples from 10 cores of the coal bed were examined for maceral composition, and 163 coal and rock samples from 10 cores were analyzed for palynological composition. Abundant semifusinite (an inertinite maceral with a poorly preserved cell structure and a light gray reflectance) is found in coal samples directly below the upper tonstein, the thickest (30-40 cm thick) of the tonstein partings. We suggest that (1) the pH of the water in the peat mire increased after deposition of the volcanic ash, creating an environment favorable to the formation of degradosemifusinite precursors (precursors to semifusinite that have a non-fire origin) by microbial activity, or that (2) chemicals from the volcanic ash, such as sulfuric acid, aided in the formation of a charred vegetation. We infer that deposition of the volcanic ash produced an environment conducive to the growth of ferns, as indicated by spores of pteridophytes that are found to be more abundant in samples directly above (in contact with) the upper tonstein than in samples directly below the upper tonstein. However, pteridophytes are also found in abundance in other areas of the coal bed; the growth of these pteridophytes is probably a result of hydrologic changes in the peat mire unrelated to volcanic activity. We suggest that leaching of the volcanic ash created a semi-impermeable layer, which caused the ponding of surface water. This hypothesis is supported by (1) elevated levels of the Sphagnaceae/Zygnemataceae group in shale or coal samples directly above tonsteins, (2) high levels of several macerals in shale samples directly above the upper tonstein: vitrodetrinite (a maceral defined as a fragment of a vitrinite maceral), inertodetrinite (a maceral defined as a fragment of an inertinite maceral), several liptinite macerals (sporinite, cutinite, and attrital resinite) that are concentrated during degradation due to their greater resistance to decay, bituminite (a liptinite maceral that may form as a decomposition product of organic material), and (3) abundant gelocollinite (a maceral defined as structureless groundmass material that formed from strongly decomposed plant parts) in coal samples directly above tonsteins in the coal bed. C1 ARIES GRP INC,LOUISVILLE,CO 80027. RP CROWLEY, SS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 956,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD APR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 158 EP 174 DI 10.2307/3515103 PG 17 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA NN271 UT WOS:A1994NN27100004 ER PT J AU KINCAID, HL AF KINCAID, HL TI HATCHERY PERFORMANCE OF 6 ATLANTIC SALMON STOCKS FROM FRY TO SMOLT SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; SALAR AB Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from four Penobscot River, Maine, brood stocks (two wild and two captive) and two landlocked brood stocks (Grand Lake, Maine, and Lake George, New York) were evaluated in hatchery tests to measure differential performance characteristics. Each stock was received as eyed eggs and cultured under standardized rearing conditions through 16 months. Penobscot stocks did not differ in growth rate or time of smoltification but did differ in frequency of six of seven body abnormality traits. Domestication effects on postyearling weights and smolt ATPase levels were detected in Penobscot stocks. The Grand Lake landlocked stock had a higher growth rate after 245 d and was heavier than Penobscot stocks after 280 d (36%) and 480 d (58%). Although differences among the Penobscot stocks were small and generally nonsignificant, the presence of domestication effects on 17-month weight and Na+,K+-ATPase indicates that progeny from fish held in the hatchery for four generations exhibited different hatchery performance characteristics than progeny from sea-run parents. RP KINCAID, HL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1994 VL 56 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0111:HPOSAS>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NJ360 UT WOS:A1994NJ36000004 ER PT J AU DOULOS, SK GARLAND, AJ MARSHALL, JR WHITE, MD AF DOULOS, SK GARLAND, AJ MARSHALL, JR WHITE, MD TI COMPARISON OF 2 METHODS OF OXYGEN SUPPLEMENTATION FOR ENHANCING WATER-QUALITY IN FISH CULTURE SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID PURE OXYGEN AB In this study, we compared sealed column oxygen supplementation with a pipeline oxygenation system at ps-to-liquid flow ratios of 0.7, 1.5, and 2.2%. The sealed columns receiving oxygen at a ps-to-liquid ratio of 2.2% increased dissolved oxygen by 73.5% (to 149.3% oxygen saturation) while decreasing nitrogen saturation and total dissolved ps saturation to 93.1 and 105.0%, respectively. Oxygen added at a gas-to-liquid ratio of 2.2% through the pipeline manifold increased raceway dissolved oxygen by 53.7% (to 134.6% oxygen saturation) and reduced nitrogen and total dissolved ps saturations to 99.0 and 106.1%, respectively. Sealed column oxygen supplementation was most efficient, having an oxygen transfer efficiency of 82.3% when a 0.7% gas-to-liquid ratio was used. Oxygen added through the pipeline manifold resulted in a 54.1-62.7% variation from mean column effluent dissolved oxygen. The pipeline manifold also caused column water flow fluctuations that varied by as much as 21%. We recommend oxygen injection directly into sealed columns over use of a pipeline manifold system for adding supplemental oxygen to fish-rearing water. RP DOULOS, SK (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ERWIN NATL FISH HATCHERY,1715 JOHNSON CITY HIGHWAY,ERWIN,TN 37650, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1994 VL 56 IS 2 BP 130 EP 134 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0130:CCOTMO>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NJ360 UT WOS:A1994NJ36000007 ER PT J AU DILAURO, MN KRISE, WF HENDRIX, MA BAKER, SE AF DILAURO, MN KRISE, WF HENDRIX, MA BAKER, SE TI SHORT-TERM COLD-STORAGE OF ATLANTIC STURGEON SPERM SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PRESERVATION; OXYGEN AB Short-term cold storage of fish sperm with oxygen, an established fisheries technique, was successfully used to preserve milt from Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus). AH mdt samples stored for 5 d on ice and replenished daily with oxygen retained at least 80% motility and at least 99% viability. One sample exhibited 40% motility after 17 d. For management personnel involved in restoration of this rare fish, this technique offers an alternative to dependence on the simultaneous capture of ripe males and females from severely depleted stocks. It may also be used during transport prior to fertilization or cryopreservation. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NE FISHERY CTR,LAMAR,PA 16923. RP DILAURO, MN (reprint author), NATL BIOL SURVEY,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1994 VL 56 IS 2 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0143:TNSTCS>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NJ360 UT WOS:A1994NJ36000010 ER PT J AU ALLEN, JL VANG, G STEEGE, S XIONG, S AF ALLEN, JL VANG, G STEEGE, S XIONG, S TI SOLUBILITY OF BENZOCAINE IN FRESH-WATER SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB Benzocaine is an effective general anesthetic for fish. Its solubility was determined in waters of various hardness and pH and over a range of temperatures (from 5 to 30-degrees-C). Variations in water hardness and pH did not appreciably affect the solubility of benzocaine, whereas increases in temperature increased solubility from 409 mg/L (at 5-degrees-C) to 1,118 mg/L (at 30-degrees-C). RP ALLEN, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD APR PY 1994 VL 56 IS 2 BP 145 EP 146 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1994)056<0145:SOBIF>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NJ360 UT WOS:A1994NJ36000011 ER PT J AU MOORE, JG NORMARK, WR HOLCOMB, RT AF MOORE, JG NORMARK, WR HOLCOMB, RT TI GIANT HAWAIIAN UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AVALANCHES C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,US GEOL SURVEY,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP MOORE, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5155 BP 46 EP 47 DI 10.1126/science.264.5155.46 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ND536 UT WOS:A1994ND53600026 PM 17778132 ER PT J AU BARTOW, JA AF BARTOW, JA TI TUFFACEOUS EPHEMERAL LAKE DEPOSITS ON AN ALLUVIAL PLAIN, MIDDLE TERTIARY OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESERT; CLAYS AB The Oligocene and Miocene Valley Springs Formation is one element in the middle to late Cenozoic alluvial fill of the Central Valley of California and represents a large fluvial depositional system that extended westward from sediment-filled palaeovalleys in the high Sierra Nevada to a piedmont alluvial plain under the present Central Valley. The Valley Springs Formation consists largely of tuffaceous mudrock, tuffaceous sandstone, polymict conglomerate and rhyodacitic tuff. The most prominent lithofacies in the formation is yellowish grey or greyish yellow, tuffaceous mudstone and claystone characterized by crude, commonly wavy layering or bedding, an irregular fracture, and common clay-lined partings, fissures, and small branching tubules. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses of the composition, texture, fabric, mineralogy and organic content of an 8 m thick section of the tuffaceous mudrock lithofacies have provided evidence for an origin quite different from the earlier interpretations of this lithofacies as altered tuffs. Numerous rounded mudstone or claystone clasts in a detrital mud matrix, together with abundant freshwater microfossils (megaspores, chrysophyte cysts, diatoms and sponge spicules), indicates that the lithofacies is a mostly epiclastic sedimentary deposit. Root traces, fissuring, orientated clay skins lining pores and secondary surfaces, and mineralogical data are evidence of periodic exposure and desiccation. The tuffaceous mudrock lithofacies of the Valley Springs Formation, interpreted in the context of the middle to lower regions of a piedmont alluvial system, most probably represents a complex of ephemeral lake and marsh environments on a low gradient alluvial plain. The inferred abundance of shallow lakes, ponds and marshes implies a climate that was wetter than the semi-arid climate of the region today. RP BARTOW, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD APR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 215 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01402.x PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA NF679 UT WOS:A1994NF67900003 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH JAGUCKI, ML MCMAHON, PB AF BRADLEY, PM CHAPELLE, FH JAGUCKI, ML MCMAHON, PB TI EFFECT OF ATRAZINE ON POTENTIAL DENITRIFICATION IN AQUIFER SEDIMENTS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID GROUND-WATER; SOIL; SIMAZINE C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,COLUMBUS,OH 43212. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,WRD,DENVER,CO 80225. RP BRADLEY, PM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,STEPHENSON CTR,SUITE 129,720 GRACERN RD,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 4 BP 523 EP 524 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90186-4 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA NC179 UT WOS:A1994NC17900014 ER PT J AU HARRISON, RW SCHULTZ, A AF HARRISON, RW SCHULTZ, A TI STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING AT THEBES GAP, MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS - IMPLICATIONS FOR NEW MADRID TECTONISM SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC ZONE; RECONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; MEXICO; STRESS; GULF AB Numerous NNE and NE strikisng strike-slip faults and associated normal faults, folds, and transtensional grabens occur in the Thebes Gap area of Missouri and Illinois. These structures developed along the northwestern margin of the buried Reelfoot rift of Precambrian-Cambrian age at the northern edge of the Mississppi embayment. They have had a long-lived and complex structural history. This is an area of recent moderate seismic, approximately 45 km north of the New Madrid seismic zone. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that these faults were active during the Middle Ordovician. They were subsequently reactivated between the Early Devonian and Late Cretaceous, probably in response to both the Acadian and Ouachita orogenies. Deformation during this period was characterized by strongly faulted and folded Ordovician through Devonian rocks. In places, these de3formed rocks are overlain with agular unconformity by undeformed Cretaceous strata. Fault motion is interpreted as dominantly strike slip. A still younger period of reactivation involve Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic formations as young as the Miocene or Pliocene Mounds Gravel. These formations have experienced both minor high-angle normal faulting and subsequent major, right-lateral strike-slip faults. En echelon north-south folds, E-NE striking normal faults, regional fracture patterns, and drag folds indicate the right-lateral motion for this major episode of faulting which predates deposition of Quaternary loess. Several nondefinitive lines of evidence suggest Quanternary faulting. Similar fault orientations and kinematics, as well as recent seismicity and proximity, clearly suggest a structural relationship between deformation at Thebes Gap and tectonism associated with the New Madrid area. RP HARRISON, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 928,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1029/93TC03190 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF862 UT WOS:A1994NF86200002 ER PT J AU HUDSON, MR SAWYER, DA WARREN, RG AF HUDSON, MR SAWYER, DA WARREN, RG TI PALEOMAGNETISM AND ROTATION CONSTRAINTS FOR THE MIDDLE MIOCENE SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA VOLCANIC FIELD SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID VALLEY SHEAR ZONE; COUNTERCLOCKWISE BLOCK ROTATION; SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; WEST-CENTRAL NEVADA; ASH-FLOW SHEETS; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; TECTONIC ROTATION; CALDERA COMPLEX; NORTH-AMERICA; STRIKE-SLIP AB Middle Miocene rocks of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field (SWNVF) lie across the projection of the Walker Lane belt within the Basin and Range province and thus provide an interesting opportunity to test for late Cenozoic vertical-axis rotation. Paleomagnetic data from individual ash flow sheets document no significant relative vertical-axis rotation among localities within central SWNVF, an area of relatively low stratal tilts and widely spaced faults. A time-averaged mean paleomagnetic direction (D = 351.4-degrees, I = 52.7-degrees, alpha95 = 4.5-degrees) calculated from data from numerous separate rock units suggests that the central SWNVF underwent minimal counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation (R = -7.1-degrees +/- 6.6-degrees) with respect to the North American craton. No clockwise vertical-axis rotation is found to support projection of dextral faults of the Walker Lane beneath the central SWNVF. Clockwise rotation of variable magnitude is common at numerous sites from southern and western margins of the field. These clockwise rotations probably reflect dextral shear strain developed at the interface between the little extended central SWNVF block and more strongly extended areas to the south and southwest of the field. Negligible rotation of 11.45-Ma to 13.25-Ma tuffs relative to the central SWNVF was found at the southeast margin of the field where 90-degree4s clockwise rotation at the northwest termination of the Las Vegas Valley shear zone had been postulated. Any clockwise rotation in this area must predate 13.25 Ma, and thus dextral shear within this part of the Walker lane belt was not synchronous or connected across the southern margin of the field. Small counterclockwise vertical-axis rotation relative to the craton, as found for the central SWNVF block, might be a regional feature in the western Greater Basin. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP HUDSON, MR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 913,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 93 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 258 EP 277 DI 10.1029/93TC03189 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NF862 UT WOS:A1994NF86200003 ER PT J AU SCHRAM, MD MARZOLF, GR AF SCHRAM, MD MARZOLF, GR TI METALIMNETIC OXYGEN DEPLETION - ORGANIC-CARBON FLUX AND CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION IN A QUARRY EMBAYMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux and the distribution and abundance of crustacean zooplankton and bacteria associated with formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum were examined in a deep embayment of Kentucky Lake, Kentucky. POC measurements from sediment traps placed above and below the metalimnion yielded an estimate of the organic material that was metabolized in the metalimnion. This estimate was the molar equivalent of the oxygen that was depleted from the metalimnion. Calculated zooplankton respiration accounted for 26-31% of the observed oxygen loss, except in midsummer when it accounted for 15%. Estimated bacterial respiration accounted for greater-than-or-equal-to 44% of the observed oxygen loss. The comparison of calculated oxygen demand with observed oxygen loss emphasizes the importance of in situ processes as the cause of the minimum and suggests that metalimnetic deficits may be useful to estimate productivity. The vertical distribution of three species of Daphnia changed as the oxygen minimum formed. Daphnia pulex became entirely hypolimnetic. Thus, changes in chemical structure influence spatial distribution of zooplankton species. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SCHRAM, MD (reprint author), ARKANSAS COLL,DIV NAT SCI & MATH,BATESVILLE,AR 72501, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MICROSCOPICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0003-0023 J9 T AM MICROSC SOC PD APR PY 1994 VL 113 IS 2 BP 105 EP 116 DI 10.2307/3226639 PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA NT035 UT WOS:A1994NT03500001 ER PT J AU HELM, DC AF HELM, DC TI HORIZONTAL AQUIFER MOVEMENT IN A THEIS-THIEM CONFINED SYSTEM SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The skeletal matrix of an aquifer is known to move laterally toward a discharging well. The mechanisms by which it moves relative to the well have been only partially studied in the past. Examining the relation of drawdown to volume strain for an assumed poroelastic solid has been a common approach. By way of contrast, the present study examines the relation of the velocity of solids (aquifer matrix) to their hydraulic driving forces. The present approach can be considered Darcian and allows the displacement field of the aquifer matrix to be calculated directly. A new formulation of the Darcy-Gersevanov law of water flowing relative to moving solids is applied to a Theis-Thiem confined aquifer. The aquifer is found to start with a maximum velocity when the pump is turned on and then to decelerate as time progresses. Dimensionless type curves of horizontal movement of the skeletal matrix are calculated. The resulting equation of aquifer deformation is checked against (1) results from alternatively using the standard poroelastic stress-strain approach and (2) the fundamental storage equation for transient groundwater flow. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV. RP HELM, DC (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,NEVADA BUR MINES & GEOL,RENO,NV 89557, USA. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 953 EP 964 DI 10.1029/94WR00030 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NE300 UT WOS:A1994NE30000010 ER PT J AU KENT, DB DAVIS, JA ANDERSON, LCD REA, BA WAITE, TD AF KENT, DB DAVIS, JA ANDERSON, LCD REA, BA WAITE, TD TI TRANSPORT OF CHROMIUM AND SELENIUM IN THE SUBOXIC ZONE OF A SHALLOW AQUIFER - INFLUENCE OF REDOX AND ADSORPTION REACTIONS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT TRACER TEST; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; NATURAL-GRADIENT; CAPE-COD; EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; GRAVEL AQUIFER; MASS-TRANSPORT; SAND AQUIFER AB Breakthrough of Cr(VI) (chromate), Se(VI) (selenate), and O2 (dissolved oxygen) was observed in tracer tests conducted in a shallow, sand and gravel aquifer with mildly reducing conditions. Loss of Cr, probably due to reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and irreversible sorption of Cr(III), occurred along with slight retardation of Cr(VI), owing to reversible sorption. Reduction of Se(VI) and O2 was thermodynamically feasible but did not occur, indicating conditions were unfavorable to microbial reduction. Cr(VI) reduction by constituents of aquifer sediments did not achieve local equilibrium during transport. The reduction rate was probably limited by incomplete contact between Cr(VI) transported along predominant flow paths and reductants located in regions within aquifer sediments of comparatively low permeability. Scatter in the amount of Cr reduction calculated from individual breakthrough curves at identical distances downgradient probably resulted from heterogeneities in the distribution of reductants in the sediments. Predictive modeling of the transport and fate of redox-sensitive solutes cannot be based strictly on thermodynamic considerations; knowledge of reaction rates is critical. Potentially important mass transfer rate limitations between solutes and reactants in sediments as well as heterogeneities in the distribution of redox properties in aquifers complicate determination of limiting rates for use in predictive simulations of the transport of redox-sensitive contaminants in groundwater. C1 AUSTRALIAN NUCL TECHNOL & SCI ORG, MENAI, NSW 2234, AUSTRALIA. RP KENT, DB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008 OI Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233 NR 77 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1114 DI 10.1029/93WR03244 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NE300 UT WOS:A1994NE30000023 ER PT J AU KLING, GW EVANS, WC TUTTLE, ML TANYILEKE, G AF KLING, GW EVANS, WC TUTTLE, ML TANYILEKE, G TI DEGASSING OF LAKE NYOS SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID WEST-AFRICA; DISASTER; CAMEROON C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. INST GEOL & MIN RES,YAOUNDE,CAMEROON. RP KLING, GW (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT BIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; Kling, George/C-7867-2015 OI Kling, George/0000-0002-6349-8227 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 31 PY 1994 VL 368 IS 6470 BP 405 EP 406 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ND120 UT WOS:A1994ND12000041 ER PT J AU MCCORD, TB SODERBLOM, LA CARLSON, RW FANALE, FP LOPESGAUTIER, R OCAMPO, AC FORSYTHE, J CAMPBELL, B GRANAHAN, JC SMYTHE, WD WEISSMAN, PR BECKER, KJ EDWARDS, K KAMP, L LO, J MEHLMAN, R TORSON, J DANIELSON, GE MATSON, DL KIEFFER, HH JOHNSON, TV AF MCCORD, TB SODERBLOM, LA CARLSON, RW FANALE, FP LOPESGAUTIER, R OCAMPO, AC FORSYTHE, J CAMPBELL, B GRANAHAN, JC SMYTHE, WD WEISSMAN, PR BECKER, KJ EDWARDS, K KAMP, L LO, J MEHLMAN, R TORSON, J DANIELSON, GE MATSON, DL KIEFFER, HH JOHNSON, TV TI GALILEO INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETRY MEASUREMENTS AT THE MOON SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article AB Imaging spectrometer observations were made of the surface of the Moon during the December 1990 flyby of the Earth-Moon system by the Galileo spacecraft. This article documents this data set and presents analyses of some of the data. The near infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) investigation obtained 17 separate mosaics of the Moon in 408 spectral channels between about 0.7 and 5.2 mum. The instrument was originally designed to operate in orbit about Jupiter and therefore saturates at many spectral channels for most measurement situations at 1 AU. However, sufficient measurements were made of the Moon to verify the proper operation of the instrument and to demonstrate its capabilities. Analysis of these data show that the NIMS worked as expected and produced measurements consistent with previous ground-based telescopic studies. These are the first imaging spectrometer measurements of this type from space for the Moon, and they illustrate several major points concerning this type of observation and about the NIMS capabilities specifically. Of major importance are the difference between framing and scanning instruments and the effects of the spacecraft and the scan platform on the performance of such an experiment. The science return of subsequent NIMS and other investigation measurements will be significantly enhanced by the experience and results gained. C1 SETS TECHNOL INC,MILILANI,HI. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NATL AIR & SPACE MUSEUM,CTR EARTH & PLANETARY STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP MCCORD, TB (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DIV PLANETARY GEOSCI,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Lopes, Rosaly/D-1608-2016 OI Lopes, Rosaly/0000-0002-7928-3167 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 25 PY 1994 VL 99 IS E3 BP 5587 EP 5600 DI 10.1029/93JE03434 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ND297 UT WOS:A1994ND29700001 ER PT J AU ADAM, DP AF ADAM, DP TI THE DESERTS PAST - A NATURAL PREHISTORY OF THE GREAT-BASIN - GRAYSON,DK SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP ADAM, DP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5153 BP 1636 EP 1637 DI 10.1126/science.263.5153.1636 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NB673 UT WOS:A1994NB67300040 PM 17744794 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, SD BJORNSSON, BT AF MCCORMICK, SD BJORNSSON, BT TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HORMONAL DIFFERENCES AMONG ATLANTIC SALMON PARR AND SMOLTS REARED IN THE WILD, AND HATCHERY SMOLTS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE; SALAR L; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; CORTISOL; SMOLTIFICATION; THYROXINE; SEAWATER AB Atlantic salmon which had been released as fry in tributaries of the Connecticut River (Northeastern USA) were captured during the migratory period (9 May to 6 June) 1 to 2 years later. Migrants (smolts) were captured above a dam on the main-stem; non-migrants (parr) were captured in two tributaries. Migrants were significantly larger than non-migrants (16.9 and 13.0 cm, respectively), but had a 20% lower condition factor. Relative to non-migrants, migrants had significantly higher gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity (5-fold), plasma glucose (1.8-fold), plasma thyroxine (8-fold), plasma cortisol (5-fold) and plasma growth hormone (100-fold). There were no significant differences in plasma [Na+], [K+] and [Ca2+] between migrants and non-migrants. Most of the differences seen between non-migrants and migrants were similar to those that occurred seasonally in a captive (hatchery) population of the same stock of Atlantic salmon. However, hatchery smolts had lower levels of plasma thyroxine and exhibited no significant change in plasma growth hormone from February to June. The large differences between migrants and non-migrants may be related to both the paff-smolt transformation and migration. C1 GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT ZOOPHYSIOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP MCCORMICK, SD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANADROMOUS FISH RES CTR,TURNERS FALLS,MA 01376, USA. RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 22 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 15 PY 1994 VL 121 IS 1-3 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90023-X PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NH411 UT WOS:A1994NH41100022 ER PT J AU LARSON, KM LISOWSKI, M AF LARSON, KM LISOWSKI, M TI STRAIN ACCUMULATION IN THE SHUMAGIN ISLANDS - RESULTS OF INITIAL GPS MEASUREMENTS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT; ORBIT DETERMINATION; PRECISION; ALASKA AB Deformation in the Shumagin seismic gap has been monitored with repeated trilateration (EDM) in the 1980-1987 interval and with the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the 1987-1991 interval. The geodetic network extends for 100-km across the Shumagin Islands to the Alaska Peninsula. Results from the GPS surveys are consistent with those previously reported for the EDM surveys: we failed to detect significant strain accumulation in the N30-degrees-W direction of plate convergence. Using the method of simultaneous reduction for position and strain rates, we found the average rate of extension in the direction of plate convergence to be -25+/-25 nanostrain/yr (nstrain/yr) during the 1987-1991 interval of GPS surveys compared with -20+/-15 nstrain/yr during the 1981-1987 interval of complete EDM surveys. We found a marginally significant -26+/-12 nstrain/yr extension rate in the 1981-1991 interval covered by the combined EDM and GPS surveys. Strain rates are higher, but not significantly so, in the part of the network closest to the trench. Spatial variation in the deformation is observed in the 1980-1991 average station velocities, where three of the four stations closest to the trench have an arcward velocity of a few mm/yr. The observed strain rates are an order of magnitude lower than the -200 nstrain/yr rate predicted by dislocation models. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP LARSON, KM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,CAMPUS BOX 429,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 6 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1029/94GL00417 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NC446 UT WOS:A1994NC44600024 ER PT J AU LU, Z WYSS, M TYTGAT, G MCNUTT, S STIHLER, S AF LU, Z WYSS, M TYTGAT, G MCNUTT, S STIHLER, S TI AFTERSHOCKS OF THE 13 MAY 1993 SHUMAGIN ALASKA EARTHQUAKE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC GAP; ISLANDS; MAGNITUDE; PENINSULA AB The 13 May 1993 M(s) 6.9 Shumagin earthquake had an aftershock sequence of 247 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.5 by 1 June 1993. Of these aftershocks, 79 were located by using S-P travel times at the only two stations within 570 km of the mainshock epicenter. The rupture area inferred from the aftershocks is about 600 km2 and we estimate for the mainshock a mean fault displacement of 1.0 m and a 28 bar stress drop. The magnitude-frequency plots give a b-value for the aftershock sequence of about 0.4, which is low compared to the background value of approximately 0.8. The decay of the aftershock sequence followed the modified Omori law with a p-value of 0.79, which is also lower than the typical values of about 1.1 observed in Alaska. Both of these facts can be interpreted as indicating relatively high ambient stress in the Shumagin seismic gap and the possibility that the 13 May earthquake was a foreshock to a larger gap-filling event to occur within the next few years. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FAIRBANKS,AK. RP LU, Z (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST GEOPHYS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 6 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1029/94GL00332 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NC446 UT WOS:A1994NC44600026 ER PT J AU FUJIMURA, RW HUANG, C FINLAYSON, BJ ALPERS, CN AF FUJIMURA, RW HUANG, C FINLAYSON, BJ ALPERS, CN TI TOXICITY AND METAL CONTENT OF RESERVOIR SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ABANDONED COPPER-ZINC MINE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,AQUAT TOXICOL LAB,ELK GROVE,CA 95624. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,SACRAMENTO,CA 95620. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 5 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401912 ER PT J AU POMES, ML THURMAN, EM AF POMES, ML THURMAN, EM TI FRACTIONATION OF HUMIC MATERIAL IN TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE SOIL WATERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 48 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402401 ER PT J AU AIKEN, G MCKNIGHT, D AF AIKEN, G MCKNIGHT, D TI THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROLOGIC FACTORS ON THE NATURE OF ORGANIC-MATTER IN WILLIAMS AND SHINGOBEE LAKES, MINNESOTA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 49 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402402 ER PT J AU THURMAN, EM SHAMET, KA AF THURMAN, EM SHAMET, KA TI AQUATIC HUMIC SURFACTANTS - A LABILE FRACTION OF DISSOLVED CARBON POOL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 50 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402403 ER PT J AU MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM AF MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM TI NATURAL SURFACTANTS AND THE CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL AQUATIC FOAMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 51 EP GEOL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402404 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JA KENT, DB COSTON, JA FRIEDLY, JC FULLER, CC ANDERSON, LD HESS, KM AF DAVIS, JA KENT, DB COSTON, JA FRIEDLY, JC FULLER, CC ANDERSON, LD HESS, KM TI METAL TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER - FROM MICROSCOPIC PROCESSES TO MACROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. US GEOL SURVEY,MARLBOROUGH,MA 01752. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 52 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401959 ER PT J AU OREM, WH LERCH, HE AF OREM, WH LERCH, HE TI EFFECTS OF EH ON STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER FROM LABORATORY DECOMPOSITION OF GYMNOSPERM NEEDLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 52 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402405 ER PT J AU SQUILLACE, PJ AF SQUILLACE, PJ TI MOVEMENT OF HERBICIDES BETWEEN SURFACE-WATER AND AN ALLUVIAL AQUIFER IN IOWA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 55 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400129 ER PT J AU CHIN, YP AIKEN, G OLOUGHLIN, E AF CHIN, YP AIKEN, G OLOUGHLIN, E TI THE SIZE AND BULK SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 77 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401984 ER PT J AU FUJII, R CHALMERS, AT AF FUJII, R CHALMERS, AT TI EFFECTS OF REDOX CONDITIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND SOLUBILITY OF SE AND AS IN-GROUND WATER, TULARE BASIN, CALIFORNIA .1. FIELD METHODS AND SE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 77 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402430 ER PT J AU CHALMERS, AT FUJII, R AF CHALMERS, AT FUJII, R TI EFFECTS OF REDOX CONDITIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND SOLUBILITY OF SE AND AS IN-GROUND WATER, TULARE BASIN, CALIFORNIA .2. REDOX CHARACTERIZATION AND AS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 78 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402431 ER PT J AU CHIOU, CT KILE, DE AF CHIOU, CT KILE, DE TI EFFECTS OF POLAR AND NONPOLAR INTERACTIONS ON THE PARTITION OF ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ARVADA,CO 80002. RI Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 80 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401987 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, EJP LOVLEY, DR AF PHILLIPS, EJP LOVLEY, DR TI OXIDATION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR COUPLED TO MANGANESE REDUCTION BY SULFATE-REDUCING MICROORGANISMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 80 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402433 ER PT J AU LEENHEER, JA BROWN, GK WERSHAW, RL AF LEENHEER, JA BROWN, GK WERSHAW, RL TI MEASUREMENT OF CARBOXYL-GROUP ACIDITY OF PKA1 NEAR 1.0 IN FULVIC-ACID FROM THE SUWANNEE RIVER, GEORGIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 83 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402436 ER PT J AU HILL, BJ AGA, DS THURMAN, EM JURACEK, KE AF HILL, BJ AGA, DS THURMAN, EM JURACEK, KE TI PART-PER-TRILLION ANALYSIS OF ATRAZINE IN SOIL USING IMMUNOASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 92 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400166 ER PT J AU KVENVOLDEN, KA CARLSON, PR THRELKELD, CN WARDEN, A AF KVENVOLDEN, KA CARLSON, PR THRELKELD, CN WARDEN, A TI CARBON ISOTOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF 2 SOURCES OF OIL RESIDUES IN PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND, ALASKA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 96 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402003 ER PT J AU REA, BA KENT, DB DAVIS, JA AF REA, BA KENT, DB DAVIS, JA TI DISTRIBUTION AND MOBILITY OF ZINC AND COPPER IN A SHALLOW, SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER, FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 104 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402011 ER PT J AU KENT, DB DAVIS, JA ABRAMS, R REA, BA AF KENT, DB DAVIS, JA ABRAMS, R REA, BA TI MOBILITY OF ZINC IN A SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 105 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402012 ER PT J AU MCKNIGHT, D KIMBALL, B AF MCKNIGHT, D KIMBALL, B TI PH-DEPENDENCE OF PHOTOREDUCTION OF IRON IN A MOUNTAIN STREAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 107 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402014 ER PT J AU PALMER, CA KRASNOW, MR FINKELMAN, RB DANGELO, WM AF PALMER, CA KRASNOW, MR FINKELMAN, RB DANGELO, WM TI RELIABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF LEACHING PROCEDURES TO ESTIMATE THE MODES OF OCCURRENCE OF TRACE-ELEMENTS IN COAL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 107 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402340 ER PT J AU FINKELMAN, RB AF FINKELMAN, RB TI TRACE-ELEMENTS IN COAL - A CLEAN-AIR ACT PERSPECTIVE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22091. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 108 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402341 ER PT J AU MAURICEJOHNSSON, PA PARKS, GA SPOSITO, G AIKEN, GR AF MAURICEJOHNSSON, PA PARKS, GA SPOSITO, G AIKEN, GR TI HEMATITE DISSOLUTION IN SIMPLE ORGANIC-ACIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL & ENVIRONM SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 109 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402016 ER PT J AU DOMAGALSKI, JL AF DOMAGALSKI, JL TI INPUTS OF THE DORMANT SPRAY PESTICIDE, DIAZINON, TO THE SAN-JOAQUIN RIVER, CALIFORNIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 116 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400189 ER PT J AU KUIVILA, KM CREPEAU, KL AF KUIVILA, KM CREPEAU, KL TI TRANSPORT OF DIAZINON IN THE SACRAMENTO-SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA, CALIFORNIA, FEBRUARY 1993 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 118 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400191 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR WOODWARD, JC CHAPELLE, FH AF LOVLEY, DR WOODWARD, JC CHAPELLE, FH TI ENHANCEMENT OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION IN THE SUBOXIC ZONE OF A CONTAMINATED AQUIFER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 124 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402477 ER PT J AU LEE, BG FISHER, NS AF LEE, BG FISHER, NS TI MICROBIALLY MEDIATED COBALT OXIDATION REVEALED BY RADIOTRACER EXPERIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USGS,MENLO PK,CA 94025. SUNY STONY BROOK,MSRC,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 125 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402478 ER PT J AU THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA AGA, DS POMES, ML AF THURMAN, EM GOOLSBY, DA AGA, DS POMES, ML TI OCCURRENCE OF ALACHLOR AND ITS ETHANESULFONIC ACID METABOLITE IN RESERVOIRS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 127 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400200 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA HARVEY, JW MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, KE AF KIMBALL, BA HARVEY, JW MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, KE TI EFFECTS OF ANOXIC GROUND-WATER ON INSTREAM FERROUS IRON CONCENTRATIONS, ST-KEVIN-GULCH, COLORADO SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 128 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402481 ER PT J AU WENTZ, DA CREPEAU, KL KUIVILA, KM RINELLA, FA AF WENTZ, DA CREPEAU, KL KUIVILA, KM RINELLA, FA TI SYNOPTIC STUDY OF DISSOLVED NITRATE AND PESTICIDES DURING HIGH-FLOW IN THE PUDDING RIVER BASIN, OREGON, APRIL 1993 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,PORTLAND,OR 97216. US GEOL SURVEY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 129 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400202 ER PT J AU ROSTAD, CE MONSTERLEET, SG AF ROSTAD, CE MONSTERLEET, SG TI COMPARISON OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUND TRANSPORT ASSOCIATED WITH SILT AND COLLOID IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ARVADA,CO 80002. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 130 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400203 ER PT J AU BARBER, LB TABOR, CF LEENHEER, JA PEREIRA, WE WRITER, JH AF BARBER, LB TABOR, CF LEENHEER, JA PEREIRA, WE WRITER, JH TI ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80302. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 131 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402038 ER PT J AU GOOLSBY, DA BATTAGLIN, WA THURMAN, EM AF GOOLSBY, DA BATTAGLIN, WA THURMAN, EM TI OCCURRENCE AND TRANSPORT OF HERBICIDES IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DURING THE 1993 FLOOD SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 131 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95400204 ER PT J AU FIELD, J KRUEGER, C AF FIELD, J KRUEGER, C TI SURFACTANT FATE AND TRANSPORT IN OXYGEN-DEPLETED SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 134 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402041 ER PT J AU BARBER, LB METGE, DW FIELD, JA KRUEGER, C AF BARBER, LB METGE, DW FIELD, JA KRUEGER, C TI BEHAVIOR OF LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE IN OXYGEN DEPLETED GROUND-WATER - IMPLICATIONS FOR IN-SITU REMEDIATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 176 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402083 ER PT J AU REDDY, MM SCHUSTER, PF CHARLTON, S AIKEN, GR ROSENBERRY, DO LABAUGH, JW WINTER, TC AF REDDY, MM SCHUSTER, PF CHARLTON, S AIKEN, GR ROSENBERRY, DO LABAUGH, JW WINTER, TC TI OXYGEN-ISOTOPE VARIATIONS FOR LITTORAL SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER IN A TOPOGRAPHICALLY CLOSED BASIN LAKE, WILLIAMS LAKE, MN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RI Rosenberry, Donald/C-2241-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 180 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402532 ER PT J AU PIATT, JJ BACKHUS, DA CAPEL, PD EISENREICH, SJ AF PIATT, JJ BACKHUS, DA CAPEL, PD EISENREICH, SJ TI TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT SORPTION OF NAPHTHALENE, PHENANTHRENE, AND PYRENE TO LOW ORGANIC-CARBON AQUIFER SEDIMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USGS,DIV WATER RESOURCES,NAVARRE,MN. UNIV MINNESOTA,GRAY FRESHWATER BIOL INST,NAVARRE,MN 55392. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,NAVARRE,MN 55392. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 217 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402124 ER PT J AU WAITE, TD PAYNE, TE DAVIS, JA AF WAITE, TD PAYNE, TE DAVIS, JA TI IMPACT OF MINERAL TRANSFORMATION ON ELEMENTAL MOBILITY IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEW S WALES,DEPT WATER ENGN,KENSINGTON,NSW 2033,AUSTRALIA. AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG,MENAI,NSW 2234,AUSTRALIA. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RI Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008 OI Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 232 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402139 ER PT J AU GLADWIN, MT GWYTHER, RL HART, RHG BRECKENRIDGE, KS AF GLADWIN, MT GWYTHER, RL HART, RHG BRECKENRIDGE, KS TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE STRAIN FIELD ASSOCIATED WITH EPISODIC CREEP EVENTS ON THE SAN-ANDREAS FAULT AT SAN-JUAN-BAUTISTA, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; ASEISMIC SLIP; CALAVERAS FAULT; HOLLISTER; AFTERSLIP AB Over the past 6 years, repeated strain steps recorded on a tensor strainmeter installed close to the San Andreas fault trace at San Juan Bautista in California correlated closely with episodic creep events registered on a nearby creepmeter. The strain events were remarkably similar in character, were of about 1 hour duration, and were followed within hours to days by creep events of 2-6 days duration. The episodic slip of a source region from 200 m to 500 m in depth and at most a few kilometers in length is consistent with the observed strain and creep data. We postulate that the additional stress transferred to this region by the Loma Prieta earthquake is giving rise to an increased rate of accumulation of shear strain around a locked patch beneath the creep source region, thus accounting for the increased frequency of the creep/strain events following the Loma Prieta earthquake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, EARTHQUAKE GEOL & GEOPHYS BRANCH, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP GLADWIN, MT (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND, DEPT PHYS, ST LUCIA, QLD 4067, AUSTRALIA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B3 BP 4559 EP 4565 DI 10.1029/93JB02877 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NB207 UT WOS:A1994NB20700020 ER PT J AU KOSKI, RA JONASSON, IR KADKO, DC SMITH, VK WONG, FL AF KOSKI, RA JONASSON, IR KADKO, DC SMITH, VK WONG, FL TI COMPOSITIONS, GROWTH MECHANISMS, AND TEMPORAL RELATIONS OF HYDROTHERMAL SULFIDE-SULFATE-SILICA CHIMNEYS AT THE NORTHERN CLEFT SEGMENT, JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; BLACK SMOKER CHIMNEYS; SEA MARC-I; MASSIVE SULFIDES; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; DEPOSITS; MINERALOGY; 21-DEGREES-N; ISOTOPE; CHEMISTRY AB Three active hydrothermal vents forming sulfide mounds and chimneys (Monolith, Fountain, and Pipe Organ) and more widely distributed inactive chimneys are spatially related to a system of discontinuous fissures and young sheet flow lavas at the northern Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. The formation of zoned tubular Cu-rich chimneys (type I) on the Monolith sulfide mound is related to focused flow of high-temperature (to 328-degrees-C) fluid. Bulbous chimneys (type II or ''beehives'') at the Monolith and Fountain vents are products of diffuse' high-temperature (to 315-degrees-C) discharge. A broader zone of vigorous mixing between the hydrothermal fluid and seawater results in quench crystallization of anhydrite-rich shells. Columnar Zn-sulfide-rich chimneys with narrow channelways (type III) are constructed where focused and relatively low-temperature (261-degrees-C) fluid vents directly from the basalt substrate. The bulk chemistry (low Cu; high Pb, Ag, and SiO2 contents), mineralogy (pyrite-marcasite-wurtzite-amorphous silica-anglesite), colloform and filamentous textures, and oxygen isotope characteristics of inactive (type IV) chimneys indicate a low-temperature (<250-degrees-C) origin involving diffuse and sluggish flow patterns and conductive cooling. Seafloor observations and Pb-210 data indicate that (1) type IV chimneys are products of an earlier period of hydrothermal activity that ended no more than 60 years ago but prior to the sheet flow eruption, (2) the high-temperature Monolith and Fountain vents are manifestations of the same heating event (shallow emplacement of magma) that led to the sheet flow eruption and recent megaplumes, and (3) the Pipe Organ Vent is in a very youthful stage of development and chimney deposition postdates the sheet flow eruption. C1 UNIV MIAMI, ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA. GEOL SURVEY CANADA, OTTAWA K1A 0E8, ONTARIO, CANADA. RP KOSKI, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS 999, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 62 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B3 BP 4813 EP 4832 DI 10.1029/93JB02871 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NB207 UT WOS:A1994NB20700036 ER PT J AU BETSILL, RK VANDENAVYLE, MJ AF BETSILL, RK VANDENAVYLE, MJ TI SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY OF RESERVOIR ZOOPLANKTON - A MATTER OF TIMING SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ZOOPLANKTON; RESERVOIR; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; TEMPORAL VARIATION ID COMMUNITY AB Description of patterns of zooplankton abundance in reservoirs has usually taken one of two approaches: (1) determining the relative importance of spatial and temporal components of heterogeneity, or (2) relating spatial variation along a reservoir's long-axis to the effects of inflows from major tributaries. This study brings together these two approaches to better understand zooplankton heterogeneity in reservoirs. Spatial and temporal patterns of zooplankton abundance were monitored during the spring of three consecutive years in a large, southeastern United States reservoir. The amount of spatial variation in zooplankton abundance exceeded temporal variation for most taxa. The differences among sites were not fixed - but rather ephemeral, in that they changed over the course of each season. Significant spatial variation was detected on most sample dates for rotifers and crustacean zooplankton. The greatest variation was along the long-axis of the reservoir (uplake vs. downlake), and differences between main-stream and embayment sites were usually secondary contributors to heterogeneity. Spring peaks in zooplankton abundance occurred later at the upstream sites than at downstream sites. This phenomenon could not be explained by either differential rates of warming in the two regions or by temporal variation in inflow rates. This difference in timing of population peaks was the basis of heterogeneity in this reservoir and the determinant of the ephemeral nature of spatial variation observed in this study. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GEORGIA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR 4 PY 1994 VL 277 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1007/BF00023986 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NB743 UT WOS:A1994NB74300005 ER PT J AU ATTANASI, ED ROOT, DH AF ATTANASI, ED ROOT, DH TI THE ENIGMA OF OIL AND GAS-FIELD GROWTH SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article AB Growth in estimates of recovery in discovered fields is an important source of annual additions to United States proved reserves. This paper examines historical field growth and presents estimates of future additions to proved reserves from fields discovered before 1992. Field-level data permitted the sample to be partitioned on the basis of recent field growth patterns into outlier and common field sets, and analyzed separately. The outlier field set accounted for less than 15% of resources, yet grew proportionately six times as much as the common fields. Because the outlier field set contained large old heavy-oil fields and old low-permeability gas fields, its future growth is expected to be particularly sensitive to prices. A lower bound of a range of estimates of future growth was calculated by applying monotone growth functions computed from the common field set to all fields. Higher growth estimates were obtained by extrapolating growth of the common field set and assuming the outlier fields would maintain the same share of total growth that occurred from 1978 through 1991. By 2020, the two estimates for additions to reserves from pre-1992 fields are 23 and 32 billion bbl of oil in oil fields and 142 and 195 tcf of gas in gas fields. RP ATTANASI, ED (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 920,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 78 IS 3 BP 321 EP 332 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MZ538 UT WOS:A1994MZ53800001 ER PT J AU SORLEY, CS ANDERSEN, DE AF SORLEY, CS ANDERSEN, DE TI RAPTOR ABUNDANCE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL KENYA IN RELATION TO LAND-USE PATTERNS SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN DISTURBANCE; KENYA; LAND USE; RAPTORS AB We conducted nine road surveys for birds of prey from 12 January to 17 March 1990 in Nairobi National Park and in an adjacent area dominated by subsistence agriculture and livestock grazing in southern Kenya. We observed an average of 4.27 raptors/km inside the park and 0.40 raptors/km outside the park (P<0.005). Excluding very abundant species [lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) and vultures; 72.6% of all observations] and species associated with human settlements [black kites (Milvus migrans); 8.9% of all observations], raptors were observed more frequently in the park (0.47 raptors/km) than outside the park (0.23 raptors/km) (P<0.01). Although species richness was similar inside (18 species) and outside (22 species) the park, eagles, vultures, and lesser kestrels were seen more frequently inside the park and some infrequently observed species were only seen either inside or outside the park. These results reflect the differences in land-use practices inside and outside of the park, and suggest significant changes in raptor community structure (species richness, density, and species identity) related to human land use. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MINNESOTA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RI Jenkins, Stephanie/F-5216-2011 NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1994.tb00552.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC303 UT WOS:A1994NC30300004 ER PT J AU FITZGIBBON, CD RATHBUN, GB AF FITZGIBBON, CD RATHBUN, GB TI SURVEYING RHYNCHOCYON ELEPHANT-SHREWS IN TROPICAL FOREST SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SURVEY METHODS; RHYNCHOCYON; ELEPHANT-SHREWS; HABITAT CHOICE AB A survey for Rhynchocyon elephant-shrews, based on the abundance of nests along strip transects, was developed and calibrated using data from a detailed study of the ecology of the Golden-rumped Elephant-shrew Rhynchocyon chrysopygus. Using this method, the density of Golden-rumped Elephant-shrews in three different habitats within Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya was determined, and was found to range from 23 to 75 animals per square kilometre. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PIEDRAS BLANCAS RES STN,SAN SIMEON,CA 93452. RP FITZGIBBON, CD (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,DEPT ZOOL,LARGE ANIM RES GRP,CAMBRIDGE CB2 3EJ,ENGLAND. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1994.tb00554.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC303 UT WOS:A1994NC30300006 ER PT J AU NOGA, EJ KERBY, JH KING, W AUCOIN, DP GIESBRECHT, F AF NOGA, EJ KERBY, JH KING, W AUCOIN, DP GIESBRECHT, F TI QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF THE STRESS-RESPONSE OF STRIPED BASS (MORONE-SAXATILIS) AND HYBRID STRIPED BASS (MORONE-SAXATILIS X MORONE CHRYSOPS AND MORONE-SAXATILIS X MORONE AMERICANA) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; CORTICOSTEROIDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CORTISOL; FISH AB Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) exposed to a standardized confinement stress had markedly different clinical and endocrinologic responses, compared with hybrid striped bass exposed to the same stress. Plasma cortisol concentration increased at a faster rate and appeared to reach a higher value in striped bass than in hybrid bass. Mean plasma cortisol concentration was 742 +/- 43 ng/ml in striped bass, com pared with 490 +/- 37 and 531 +/- 40 ng/ml in striped bass x white perch (M americana) and striped bass x white bass (M chrysops) hybrids, respectively, after a 45-minute net confinement. Plasma cortisol concentration also remained significantly (P = 0.003) higher in striped bass for at least 48 hours after the net confinement. These hormonal differences were associated with a markedly lower survival and resistance to infection in striped bass, compared with the hybrids. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT PHYSIOL SCI & RADIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,N CAROLINA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP NOGA, EJ (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT COMPAN ANIM & SPECIAL SPECIES MED,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 55 IS 3 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MY308 UT WOS:A1994MY30800017 PM 8192267 ER PT J AU MCCOY, TJ STEELE, IM KEIL, K LEONARD, BF ENDRESS, M AF MCCOY, TJ STEELE, IM KEIL, K LEONARD, BF ENDRESS, M TI CHLADNIITE, NA2CAMG7(PO4)6 - A NEW MINERAL FROM THE CARLTON (IIICD) IRON METEORITE SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article AB A new mineral, chladniite, Na2CaMg7(PO4)6, occurs as a single grain within a silicate-bearing inclusion in the Carlton (IIICD) iron meteorite. It is hexagonal, R3BAR, a = 14.967, c = 42.595 angstrom. It is named for E.F.F. Chladni (1756-1827), who is widely regarded as the founder of the science of meteoritics. Chladniite is colorless and transparent when powdered. In polished section, the mineral is gray, dark, weakly bireflecting, and weakly anisotropic. Cleavage, rarely visible, is rhomboidal in plan. Polishing hardness is less than low-calcium orthopyroxene, but greater than Fe,Ni metal. Reflectance measurements at 589 nm give R1 = 5.3%, R2 = 5.6%. Assuming an absorption coefficient k = 0, the calculated refractive indices are n1 = 1.60, n2 = 1.62. Stronger reflections on Gandolfi X-ray film of chladniite are d = 3.694 (0,1,11; 306) s, 3.5 58 (0,2,10;0,0,12) m, 2.960 (0,1,14) s, 2.753 (1,3,10) s, 2.500 (3,3,0) m, 2.126 (2,4,10; 2,3,14; 0,2,19) m, and 1.851 (701;1,5,14; 6,0,12) m. Microprobe analysis gives, in weight percent, Na2O 6.57, CaO 6.59, MgO 33.5, FeO 2.23, MnO 0.30, SiO2 0.59, P2O5 49.9, total 99.68, leading to the empirical formula Na1.77Ca0.98Si0.08(Mg6.96Fe0.26Mn0.04)SIGMA = 7.26(P0.98O4)6. Chladniite is the Mg analogue of fillowite and johnsomervilleite, which are Mn- and Fe-dominated end-members, respectively. Chladniite occurs with chlorapatite, olivine, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, schreibersite, Fe,Ni metal, and troilite. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT GEOPHYS SCI,CHICAGO,IL 60637. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV MUNSTER,INST PLANETOL,W-4400 MUNSTER,GERMANY. RP MCCOY, TJ (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII MANOA,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,HAWAII CTR VOLCANOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 79 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA NG851 UT WOS:A1994NG85100017 ER PT J AU REDDY, MM CLAASSEN, HC AF REDDY, MM CLAASSEN, HC TI SPECIFIC SURFACE-AREA OF A CRUSHED WELDED TUFF BEFORE AND AFTER AQUEOUS DISSOLUTION SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Specific surface areas were measured for several reference minerals (anorthoclase, labradorite and augite), welded tuff and stream sediments from Snowshoe Mountain, near Creede, Colorado. Crushed and sieved tuff had an unexpectedly small variation in specific surface area over a range of size fractions. Replicate surface area measurements of the largest and smallest tuff particle size fractions examined (1-0.3 mm and <0.212 mm) were 2.3 +/- 0.2 m2/g for each size fraction. Reference minerals prepared in the same way as the tuff had smaller specific surface areas than that of the tuff of the same size fraction. Higher than expected tuff specific surface areas appear to be due to porous matrix. Tuff, reacted in solutions with pH values from 2 to 6, had little change in specific surface area in comparison with unreacted tuff. Tuff, reacted with solutions having high acid concentrations (0.1 M hydrochloric acid or sulfuric-hydrofluoric acid), exhibited a marked increase in specific surface area compared to unreacted tuff. RP REDDY, MM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 223 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(94)90008-6 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NC377 UT WOS:A1994NC37700008 ER PT J AU BROUWERS, EM AF BROUWERS, EM TI LATE PLIOCENE PALEOECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS BASED ON OSTRACODE ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE SAGAVANIRKTOK AND GUBIK FORMATIONS, ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE PLIOCENE; OSTRACODE; SAGAVANIRKTOK FORMATION; NUWOK MEMBER; GUBIK FORMATION; ALASKA; NORTH SLOPE; SHALLOW MARINE ID OCEAN; DEPOSITS; ATLANTIC; SEA; ICE; GLACIATION; HISTORY; ICELAND; TIME AB Shallow-marine ostracode assemblages from upper Pliocene sediments of the upper part of the Sagavanirktok Formation and lower part of the Gubik Formation record the last warm period that occurred before the onset of significant cooling of the Arctic Ocean and the initiation of Northern Hemisphere continental glaciation. The informally named Colvillian and Bigbendian transgressions represent the oldest deposits of the Gubik Formation and are dated, based on various lines of evidence, between 2.48 and 3 Ma. Ostracode faunas from the lower part of the Gubik Formation indicate a cold-temperate to subfrigid marine climate with summer bottom temperatures 1-4-degrees-C warmer than today. Deposits of the upper part of the Sagavanirktok Formation at Manning Point and Barter Island are older than Colvillian sediments but are believed to be late Pliocene in age and contain an ostracode fauna that has many species in common with the lower part of the Gubik Formation. The Sagavanirktok ostracode faunas indicate a cold-temperate to subfrigid marine climate, similar to that inferred for the lower part of the Gubik Formation, with summer bottom temperatures 1-3-degrees-C warmer than today. The opening of Bering Strait at about 3 Ma altered Arctic Ocean assemblage composition as Pacific species migrated into the Arctic and North Atlantic oceans. The admixture of evolutionarily distinct faunas from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans identifies Colvillian (and younger) faunas and provides a convenient reference horizon in the Alaskan fossil record. The marine climatic deterioration that followed the Bigbendian appears to have been abrupt and is documented by biotic turnover, with large numbers of species extinctions and first appearances of new species. The change in species composition can be attributed to the cooling of the Arctic Ocean during the late Pliocene. RP BROUWERS, EM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 919,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 69 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD MAR PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1 BP 16 EP 33 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA NF036 UT WOS:A1994NF03600003 ER PT J AU STONE, SL SCHRECK, CB AF STONE, SL SCHRECK, CB TI BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) EXPOSED TO PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OREGON COOPERAT FISHERIES RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 52 IS 3 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MR624 UT WOS:A1994MR62400006 PM 8142704 ER PT J AU RICHTER, DH MOLLSTALCUP, EJ MILLER, TP LANPHERE, MA DALRYMPLE, GB SMITH, RL AF RICHTER, DH MOLLSTALCUP, EJ MILLER, TP LANPHERE, MA DALRYMPLE, GB SMITH, RL TI ERUPTIVE HISTORY AND PETROLOGY OF MOUNT-DRUM VOLCANO, WRANGELL MOUNTAINS, ALASKA SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PETROGRAPHY; CHEMISTRY; MAGMA GENESIS; VOLCANIC HISTORY; MOUNT-DRUM; WRANGELL VOLCANIC FIELD; ALASKA AB Mount Drum is one of the youngest volcanoes in the subduction-related Wrangell volcanic field (80 x 200 km) of southcentral Alaska. It lies at the northwest end of a series of large, andesite-dominated shield volcanoes that show a northwesterly progression of age from 26 Ma near the Alaska-Yukon border to about 0.2 Ma at Mount Drum. The volcano was constructed between 750 and 250 ka during at least two cycles of cone building and ring-dome emplacement and was partially destroyed by violent explosive activity probably after 250 ka. Cone lavas range from basaltic andesite to dacite in composition; ring-domes are dacite to rhyolite. The last constructional activity occurred in the vicinity of Snider Peak, on the south flank of the volcano, where extensive dacite flows and a dacite dome erupted at about 250 ka. The climactic explosive eruption, that destroyed the top and a part of the south flank of the volcano, produced more than 7 km3 of proximal hot and cold avalanche deposits and distal mudflows. The Mount Drum rocks have medium-K, calc-alkaline affinities and are generally plagioclase phyric. Silica contents range from 55.8 to 74.0 wt%, with a compositional gap between 66.8 and 72.8 wt%. All the rocks are enriched in alkali elements and depleted in Ta relative to the LREE, typical of volcanic arc rocks, but have higher MgO contents at a given SiO2, than typical orogenic medium-K andesites. Strontium-isotope ratios vary from 0.70292 to 0.70353. The compositional range of Mount Drum lavas is best explained by a combination of diverse parental magmas, magma mixing, and fractionation. The small, but significant, range in Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios in the basaltic andesites and the wide range of incompatible-element ratios exhibited by the basaltic andesites and andesites suggests the presence of compositionally diverse parent magmas. The lavas show abundant petrographic evidence of magma mixing, such as bimodal phenocryst size, resorbed phenocrysts, reaction rims, and disequilibrium mineral assemblages. In addition, some dacites and andesites contain Mg and Ni-rich olivines and/or have high MgO, Cr, Ni, Co, and Sc contents that are not in equilibrium with the host rock and indicate mixing between basalt or cumulate material and more evolved magmas. Incompatible element variations suggest that fractionation is responsible for some of the compositional range between basaltic andesite and dacite, but the rhyolites have K, Ba, Th, and Rb contents that are too low for the magmas to be generated by fractionation of the intermediate rocks. Limited Sr-isotope data support the possibility that the rhyolites may be partial melts of underlying volcanic rocks. RP RICHTER, DH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 56 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 DI 10.1007/BF00279727 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA ND443 UT WOS:A1994ND44300004 ER PT J AU WILSON, MH KEPLER, CB SNYDER, NFR DERRICKSON, SR DEIN, FJ WILEY, JW WUNDERLE, JM LUGO, AE GRAHAM, DL TOONE, WD AF WILSON, MH KEPLER, CB SNYDER, NFR DERRICKSON, SR DEIN, FJ WILEY, JW WUNDERLE, JM LUGO, AE GRAHAM, DL TOONE, WD TI PUERTO-RICAN PARROTS AND POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS OF THE METAPOPULATION APPROACH TO SPECIES CONSERVATION SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Population viability analyses for a number of endangered species have incorporated a metapopulation approach. The risk assessments of these viability analyses have indicated that some extant populations should be subdivided into numerous subgroups with exchange of individuals among them in order to reduce the chance of catastrophic loss of the species However, routine application of a policy of extensive subdivision may have detrimental consequences for certain endangered species. We examine the Puerto Rican Parrot as a case history in which this policy is ill-advised. In 1989, a population viability analysis was conducted for the parrot. The document recommended subdivision of the existing small captive flock into three groups. One of these captive flocks would consist of individuals transferred to a multi-species facility in the continental United States Subsequently, individuals from this facility would be exchanged with the insular captive population(s) and the relict wild flock For two reasons, implementation of this recommendation might have led to serious repercussions. First, this parrot, like many endangered species, has gone through a genetic bottleneck and may have a heightened susceptibility to disease- Multi-species facilities are a high-risk environment favoring the transmission of pathogens, especially when the facilities are located outside the natural ranges of a particular species. Second, the parrot is a K-selected species for which mate selection is idiosyncratic. This type of species often proves difficult to breed in captivity in small groups. Part of the problem in mate selection may be reduced by a Policy allowing frequent transfers of individuals among facilities, but such movements increase the chances of spreading disease in the metapopulation Thus, population viability analyses need to acknowledge that proliferation of captive subgroups accompanied by exchanges of individuals can in themselves carry substantial risks that must be weighed against the presumed benefits of subdivision. RP WILSON, MH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 0 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010114.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC662 UT WOS:A1994NC66200016 ER PT J AU LARSON, PB CUNNINGHAM, CG NAESER, CW AF LARSON, PB CUNNINGHAM, CG NAESER, CW TI HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION AND MASS-EXCHANGE IN THE HORNBLENDE LATITE PORPHYRY, RICO, COLORADO SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAYER SILICATE MINERALS; SEA GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; SYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; CALIFORNIA AB The Rico paleothermal anomaly, southwestern Colorado, records the effects of a large hydrothermal system that was active at 4 Ma. This hydrothermal system produced the deep Silver Creek stockwork Mo deposit, which formed above the anomaly's heat source, and shallower base and precious-metal vein and replacement deposits. A 65 Ma hornblende latite porphyry is present as widespread sills throughout the area and provided a homogeneous material that recorded the effects of the hydrothermal system up to 8 km from the center. Hydrothermal alteration in the latite can be divided into a proximal facies which consists of two assemblages, quartz-illite-calcite and chlorite-epidote, and a distal facies which consists of a distinct propylitic assemblage. Temperatures were gradational vertically and laterally in the anomaly, and decreased away from the central heat source. A convective hydrothermal plume, 3 km wide and at least 2 km high, was present above the stockwork molybdenum deposit and consisted of upwelling, high-temperature fluids that produced the proximal alteration facies. Distal facies alteration was produced by shallower cooler fluids. The most important shallow base and precious-metal vein deposits in the Rico district are at or close to the boundary of the thermal plume. Latite within the plume had a large loss of Na2O, large addition of CaO, and variable SiO2 exchange. Distal propylitized latite samples lost small amounts of Na2O and CaO and exchanged minor variable amounts of SiO2. The edge of the plume is marked by steep Na2O exchange gradients. Na2O exchange throughout the paleothermal anomaly was controlled by the reaction of the albite components in primary plagioclase and alkali feldspars. Initial feldspar alteration in the distal facies was dominated by reaction of the plagioclase, and the initial molar ratio of reactants (alkali feldspar albite component to plagioclase albite component) was 0.35. This ratio of the moles of plagioclase to alkali feldspar albite components that reacted evolved to 0.92 as the reaction progressed. Much of the alkali feldspar albite component in the proximal facies reacted while the primary plagioclase was still unreacted, but the ratio for these assemblages increased to 1.51 when the plagioclase entered the reaction paragenesis. Plagioclase reaction during distal propylitic alteration resulted in pseudomorphic albite mixed with illite and a loss of Na2O. CaO is lost in the distal facies as hornblende reacts to chlorite, although some calcium may be fixed in calcite. CaO is added to the proximal facies as the quantity of chlorite replacing hornblende increases and epidote and calcite are produced. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP LARSON, PB (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 215 DI 10.1007/BF00310700 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA NA764 UT WOS:A1994NA76400016 ER PT J AU PECK, JA KING, JW COLMAN, SM KRAVCHINSKY, VA AF PECK, JA KING, JW COLMAN, SM KRAVCHINSKY, VA TI A ROCK-MAGNETIC RECORD FROM LAKE BAIKAL, SIBERIA - EVIDENCE FOR LATE QUATERNARY CLIMATE-CHANGE SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIFT-ZONE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SEDIMENTS; CYCLES AB Rock-magnetic measurements of sediment cores from the Academician Ridge region of Lake Baikal, Siberia show variations related to Late Quaternary climate change. Based upon the well-dated last glacial-interglacial transition, variations in magnetic concentration and mineralogy are related to glacial-interglacial cycles using a conceptual model. Interglacial intervals are characterized by low magnetic concentrations and a composition that is dominated by low coercivity minerals. Glacial intervals are characterized by high magnetic concentrations and increased amounts of high coercivity minerals. The variation in magnetic concentration is consistent with dilution by diatom opal during the more productive interglacial periods. We also infer an increased contribution of eolian sediment during the colder, windier, and more arid glacial conditions when extensive loess deposits were formed throughout Europe and Asia. Eolian transport is inferred to deliver increased amounts of high coercivity minerals as staining on eolian grains during the glacial intervals. Variations in magnetic concentration and mineralogy of Lake Baikal sediment correlate to the SPECMAP marine oxygen-isotope record. The high degree of correlation between Baikal magnetic concentration/mineralogy and the SPECMAP oxygen-isotope record indicates that Lake Baikal sediment preserves a history of climate change in central Asia for the last 250 ka. This correlation provides a method of estimating the age of sediment beyond the range of the radiocarbon method. Future work must include providing better age control and additional climate proxy data, thereby strengthening the correlation of continental and marine climate records. C1 E SIBERIAN GEOL GEOPHYS & MINERAL RESOURCES RES INST,IRKUTSK 664026,RUSSIA. US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP PECK, JA (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 38 TC 128 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(94)90062-0 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NE757 UT WOS:A1994NE75700016 ER PT J AU SANFORD, RF AF SANFORD, RF TI A QUANTITATIVE MODEL OF GROUNDWATER-FLOW DURING FORMATION OF TABULAR SANDSTONE URANIUM DEPOSITS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID HENRY BASIN; COLORADO PLATEAU; MORRISON FORMATION; OLD GROUNDWATER; NEW-MEXICO; VANADIUM; GENESIS; UTAH; AUSTRALIA; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Tabular sandstone uranium deposits constitute the largest uranium resource type in the United States. A major point of contention has been the nature and direction of the groundwater flow. This paper presents a quantitative simulation of regional ground-water flow during uranium deposition in the Westwater Canyon Member and Jackpile Sandstone Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the San juan basin. Input for the four-layer finite-difference model was from thicknesses and sandstone/mudstone ratios in each layer from 1,600 drill holes and 100 measured sections and from paleotopographic reconstructions. Topographic slope, shoreline position, and density contrasts in the lake and pore fluids controlled the directions of flow and recharge-discharge areas. The most important results for uranium ore deposit formation are that regional ground water discharged throughout the basin, regional discharge was concentrated along the shore line or playa margin, flow was dominantly gravity driven, and compaction dewatering was negligible. A strong association is found between the tabular sandstone uranium deposits and major inferred zones of mixed local and regional ground-water discharge. The results of ground-water modeling favor the brine interface model over the lacustrine-humate model for uranium deposition. RP SANFORD, RF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 905,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 96 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2 BP 341 EP 360 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NL172 UT WOS:A1994NL17200008 ER PT J AU ZHANG, JS PASSCHIER, CW SLACK, JF FLIERVOET, TF DEBOORDER, H AF ZHANG, JS PASSCHIER, CW SLACK, JF FLIERVOET, TF DEBOORDER, H TI CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE PERMIAN TOURMALINITES OF POSSIBLE METASOMATIC ORIGIN IN THE OROBIC ALPS, NORTHERN ITALY SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Note ID URANIUM MINERALIZATION; SOUTHERN ALPS; DEPOSITS; PROVINCE C1 UNIV UTRECHT,FAC EARTH SCI,3508 TA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MAIL STOP 954,RESTON,VA 22092. RP ZHANG, JS (reprint author), STATE SEISMOL BUR,INST GEOL,POB 634,100029 BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NL172 UT WOS:A1994NL17200011 ER PT J AU HENNY, CJ HALLOCK, RJ HILL, EF AF HENNY, CJ HALLOCK, RJ HILL, EF TI CYANIDE AND MIGRATORY BIRDS AT GOLD-MINES IN NEVADA, USA SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYANIDE; GOLD AND SILVER MINING; MIGRATORY BIRDS; MORTALITY; NEVADA ID TOXICITY AB Since the mid-1980s, cyanide in heap leach solutions and mill tailings ponds at gold mines in Nevada has killed a large but incompletely documented number of wildlife (>9,500 individuals, primarily migratory birds). This field investigation documents the availability of cyanide at a variety of 'typical' Nevada gold mines during 1990 and 1991, describes wildlife reactions to cyanide solutions, and discusses procedures for eliminating wildlife loss from cyanide poisoning. Substantial progress has been made to reduce wildlife loss. About half of the mill tailings ponds (some up to 150 ha) in Nevada have been chemically treated to reduce cyanide concentrations (the number needing treatment is uncertain) and many of the smaller heap leach solution ponds and channels are now covered with netting to exclude birds and most mammals. The discovery of a cyanide gradient in mill tailings ponds (concentration usually 2-3 times higher at the inflow point than at reclaim point) provides new insight into wildlife responses (mortality) observed in different portions of the ponds, Finding dead birds on the tops of ore heaps and associated with solution puddling is a new problem, but management procedures for eliminating this source of mortality are available. A safe threshold concentration of cyanide to eliminate wildlife loss could not be determined from the field data and initial laboratory studies. New analytical methods may be required to assess further the wildlife hazard of cyanide in mining solutions. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,RENO FIELD OFF,RENO,NV 89502. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP HENNY, CJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NW RES GRP,3080 SE CLEARWATER DR,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 3 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF00121387 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NQ774 UT WOS:A1994NQ77400005 PM 24201865 ER PT J AU JONES, PD GIESY, JP NEWSTED, JL VERBRUGGE, DA LUDWIG, JP LUDWIG, ME AUMAN, HJ CRAWFORD, R TILLITT, DE KUBIAK, TJ BEST, DA AF JONES, PD GIESY, JP NEWSTED, JL VERBRUGGE, DA LUDWIG, JP LUDWIG, ME AUMAN, HJ CRAWFORD, R TILLITT, DE KUBIAK, TJ BEST, DA TI ACCUMULATION OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS BY DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT (PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS, PELICANIFORMES) CHICKS IN THE NORTH-AMERICAN GREAT-LAKES SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY; EATING WATERBIRD EGGS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; HERRING GULL; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; EDEMA DISEASE; FOOD-CHAINS; SEA BIRDS; FISH AB Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ) were determined in eggs and chicks of double-crested cormorants (DCC) which were collected in 1989 from eight locations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The mean biomagnification factor (BMF) from forage fish to eggs was found to be 31.3. Absolute and relative concentrations as well as rates of accumulation of total concentrations of PCBs and TCDD-EQ were measurable in all of the samples. The concentrations of both PCBs and TCDD-EQs decreased immediately upon hatching of chicks, due to growth dilution. Initial decreases in absolute masses of TCDD-EQ in chicks were also observed, which indicates that there can be significant elimination of these compounds during early development. The initial rates of accumulation by chicks were dependent only on the mass of fish consumed. After the chicks began thermoregulating, the rates of accumulation, expressed as a concentration, normalized to body weight, became greater. Rates of accumulation of both PCBs and TCDD-EQ were correlated with their respective concentrations in forage fish consumed by the chicks. The relative potency, expressed as the ratio of the concentration of TCDD-EQ to that of total PCBs was calculated to determine if there was significant trophic-level enrichment of the TCDD-EQs, relative to total concentrations of PCBs. A significant enrichment was observed at the more and less contaminated locations, but the degree of enrichment was greater at the less contaminated locations (26 vs 72 mug/g). (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 SERE GRP LTD, STOCKBRIDGE, MI 49285 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR, COLUMBIA, MO 65201 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, INST ENVIRONM TOXICOL, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP JONES, PD (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, PESTICIDE RES CTR, DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RI Auman, Heidi/J-2418-2013; Jones, Paul/O-2046-2015 OI Auman, Heidi/0000-0002-3749-7554; Jones, Paul/0000-0002-7483-5380 NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 EI 1090-2414 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 27 IS 2 BP 192 EP 209 DI 10.1006/eesa.1994.1016 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA NE383 UT WOS:A1994NE38300006 PM 7516285 ER PT J AU OREMLAND, RS MILLER, LG STROHMALER, FE AF OREMLAND, RS MILLER, LG STROHMALER, FE TI DEGRADATION OF METHYL-BROMIDE IN ANAEROBIC SEDIMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; METHOXYLATED AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; MARINE MACROALGAE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OZONE DEPLETION; ANOXIC MARINE; ATMOSPHERE; METHANOGEN AB Methyl bromide (MeBr) was anaerobically degraded in saltmarsh sediments after reaction with sulfide. The product of this nucleophilic substitution reaction was methanethiol, which underwent further chemical and bacterial reactions to form dimethyl sulfide. These two gases appeared transiently during sediment incubations because they were metabolized by methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. A second, less significant reaction of MeBr was the exchange with chloride, forming methyl chloride, which was also susceptible to attack by sulfide. Incubation of C-14-labeled methyl iodide as an analogue of MeBr resulted in the formation of (CH4)-C-14 and (CO2)-C-14 and also indicated that sulfate-reducing bacteria as well as methanogens metabolized the methylated sulfur intermediates. These results suggest that exposed sediments with abundant free sulfide, such as coastal salt-marshes, may constitute a sink for atmospheric MeBr. RP OREMLAND, RS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAILSTOP 465,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 57 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 514 EP 520 DI 10.1021/es00052a026 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MZ607 UT WOS:A1994MZ60700033 PM 22165889 ER PT J AU BRASIER, M COWIE, J TAYLOR, M AF BRASIER, M COWIE, J TAYLOR, M TI DECISION ON THE PRECAMBRIAN-CAMBRIAN BOUNDARY STRATOTYPE SO EPISODES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; CARBON-ISOTOPE; TRACE FOSSILS; STRATIGRAPHY; SIBERIA; OXYGEN; STRATA AB The Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Proterozoic-Cambrian boundary has been agreed upon. The boundary is defined in a coastal section near the town of Fortune in southeastern Newfoundland Canada. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP BRASIER, M (reprint author), UNIV OXFORD,DEPT EARTH SCI,OXFORD OX1 3PR,ENGLAND. NR 48 TC 101 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI HERNDON PA PO BOX 919, HERNDON, VA 22070 SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD MAR-JUN PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA QF873 UT WOS:A1994QF87300002 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, SD AF MCCORMICK, SD TI ONTOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF SALINITY TOLERANCE IN ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS - HORMONES AND HETEROCHRONY SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; SMOLT CHARACTERISTICS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; GROWTH-HORMONE; FRESH-WATER; SALAR L; PHOTOPERIOD; SURVIVAL AB Use of estuaries and oceans by salmonids varies greatly, from no use in nonanadromous species, to movement toward the sea soon after hatching and emergence in some Pacific salmon. This variation is accompanied by large differences in the ontogeny of salinity tolerance among salmonids. Some species acquire increased salinity tolerance early in development, whereas others develop this characteristic much later, indicating there is a heterochrony (change in timing) in the development of salinity tolerance in salmonids. The basic physiological mechanisms for ion regulation in seawater (such as increased gill chloride cells, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, membrane permeability, and drinking rate) are common to atl salmonids. What determines the differences in salinity tolerance among the salmonids is not the basic mechanisms for salt secretion but the environmental and ontogenetic control of these mechanisms. In salmonids such as pink and chum salmon that enter seawater soon after emergence, acclimation to seawater may he controlled largely by internal (ontogenetic) information. In smolting salmonids that acquire increased salinity tolerance 1-2 yr after hatching, photoperiod is the dominant environmental cue. In nonsmolting species that migrate 2-3 yr after hatching, salinity itself may be the primary stimulus for salt secretory mechanisms. Physiological changes triggered by developmental and environmental cues are mediated by endocrine factors. Treatments with cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I have been shown to increase seawater tolerance of salmonids, whereas prolactin is inhibitory. Differences in developmental patterns of endocrine activity (such as secretion, binding proteins, and receptors) are hypothesized to be responsible for the differences in timing (heterochrony) of increased salinity tolerance among and within salmonid species. RP MCCORMICK, SD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANADROMOUS FISH RES CTR,TURNERS FALLS,MA 01376, USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 46 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 30 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1A BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.2307/1352332 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NV726 UT WOS:A1994NV72600004 ER PT J AU AUGSPURGER, TP HERMAN, RL TANACREDI, JT HATFIELD, JS AF AUGSPURGER, TP HERMAN, RL TANACREDI, JT HATFIELD, JS TI LIVER-LESIONS IN WINTER FLOUNDER (PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS) FROM JAMAICA, BAY NEW-YORK - INDICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID BOSTON HARBOR; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; CARCINOGENS; NEOPLASMS; FISH AB Liver sections of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) collected from Jamaica Bay and Shinnecock Bay, New York, in 1989, were examined microscopically to determine the pervasiveness of liver lesions observed previously in Jamaica Bay winter flounder. Neoplastic lesions were not detected in fish from jamaica Bay or the Shinnecock Bay reference site. Twenty-two percent of Jamaica Bay winter flounder examined (n = 103) had unusual vacuolization of hepatocytes and biliary pre-ductal and ductal cells (referred to hereafter as the vacuolated cell lesion). The lesion, identical to that found in 25% of Jamaica Bay winter flounder examined in 1988. has previously been identified in fishes taken from highly polluted regions of the Atlantic coast (e.g., Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, and Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut). Prevalence of the vacuolated cell lesion in winter flounder from Jamaica Bay was significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than in 102 specimens collected from Shinnecock Bay. Current scientific literature indicates vacuolated hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are chronically injured and that the extent of their deformity is consistent with the action of a hepatotoxicant. The high prevalence of vacuolated hepatocytes in Jamaica Bay winter flounder and absence of the lesion in flounder from reference sites strongly supports the hypothesis that this impairment is a manifestation of a toxic condition in at least some portions of Jamaica Bay. C1 NATL PK SERV,GATEWAY NATL RECREAT AREA,BROOKLYN,NY 11234. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NEW JERSEY FIELD OFF,PLEASANTVILLE,NJ 08232. US FISH & WILDLIFE SRV,NATL FISH HLTH RES LAB,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1B BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.2307/1352566 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NV727 UT WOS:A1994NV72700007 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, D HEINZ, G EISEMANN, J PENDLETON, G AF HOFFMAN, D HEINZ, G EISEMANN, J PENDLETON, G TI TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF ORGANIC SELENIUM (SE) AND DIETARY-PROTEIN IN MALLARD (ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS) DUCKLINGS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,NATL BIOL SURVEY,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A435 EP A435 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19602516 ER PT J AU HEM, JD LIND, CJ AF HEM, JD LIND, CJ TI CHEMISTRY OF MANGANESE PRECIPITATION IN PINAL-CREEK, ARIZONA, USA - A LABORATORY STUDY SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID COPRECIPITATION; KUTNAHORITE; OXIDATION; STABILITY; OXIDES AB Groundwater underlying the valley of Pinal Creek downstream from Globe, Arizona, has been contaminated by low-pH metal-enriched wastewater from copper mining and ore processing at Miami, Arizona. At present, the acidity and most of the dissolved metal content, except for Mn, of the wastewater is removed by reactions with carbonate and other solids in the alluvial aquifer before the neutralized contaminated water enters the creek channel and becomes surface flow. Where flow in the creek is perennial, Mn-bearing precipitates are formed in the stream bed and in some places in the subsurface. As an aid to understanding the processes involved and explaining the mineralogy of the precipitates, closely controlled laboratory redox titration experiments were performed on samples of surface flow and groundwater taken near the head of perennial flow in the creek. The high content of dissolved Ca, Mg, Mn, and CO2 Species in the neutralized contaminated groundwater caused precipitation of some of the Mn as kutnahorite, (Mn, Mg)Ca(CO3)2, when the experimental system was held between pH 8.5 and 9.0 while CO2-free air was bubbled into the solution. Hausmannite and manganite also were precipitated, in somewhat lower amounts. When the concentrations of dissolved CO2 species in the groundwater sample were decreased before the experiment was started, the Mn precipitated was predominantly in the oxides hausmannite and manganite. In some of the experimental titrations clinoenstatite, (MgSiO3), was precipitated. After titrations were stopped the solutions and precipitates were allowed to stand, with limited access to the atmosphere, for several months. During this aging period the degree of oxidation of the precipitated Mn increased and in ore precipitate from an experimental solution the Ca + Mn4+ oxides todorokite and takanelite were identified. These oxides also have been identified in streambed precipitates. Some of these precipitates also gave X-ray diffraction reflections for kutnahorite. Thermodynamic feasibilities of eight potential chemical reactions forming solid phases of interest were evaluated by calculating their respective reaction affinities attained during titration and aging. The results are in general agreement with the indications for the presence of these species given by X-ray and electron diffraction. The presence of carbonates in precipitated encrustations formed from groundwater below the land surface, and their occurrence in manganese oxide crusts that precipitate from the creek water, also are predicted by these results. RP HEM, JD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR PY 1994 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1601 EP 1613 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90562-2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NC825 UT WOS:A1994NC82500005 ER PT J AU SYLVESTER, AG COSTA, JE AF SYLVESTER, AG COSTA, JE TI UNTITLED SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA 98661. RP SYLVESTER, AG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 317 EP 317 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MZ725 UT WOS:A1994MZ72500001 ER PT J AU HON, K KAUAHIKAUA, J DENLINGER, R MACKAY, K AF HON, K KAUAHIKAUA, J DENLINGER, R MACKAY, K TI EMPLACEMENT AND INFLATION OF PAHOEHOE SHEET FLOWS - OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF ACTIVE LAVA FLOWS ON KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GRANDE RONDE BASALT; IGNEOUS DIFFERENTIATION; PIPE VESICLES; PILLOW LAVA; FIELD; ORIGIN; WASHINGTON; CRUST; SOUTH; PITS AB Inflated pahoehoe sheet flows have a distinctive horizontal upper surface, which can be several hundred meters across, and are bounded by steep monoclinal uplifts. The inflated sheet flows we studied ranged from 1 to 5 m in thickness, but initially propagated as thin sheets of fluid pahoehoe lava, generally 20-30 cm thick. Individual lobes originated at outbreaks from the inflated front of a prior sheet-flow lobe and initially moved rapidly away from their source. Velocities slowed greatly within hours due to radial spreading and to depletion of lava stored within the source flow. As the outward flow velocity decreases, cooling promotes rapid crustal growth. At first, the crust behaves plastically as pahoehoe toes form. After the crust attains a thickness of 2-5 cm, it behaves more rigidly and develops enough strength to retain incoming lava, thus increasing the hydrostatic head at the flow front. The increased hydrostatic pressure is distributed evenly through the liquid lava core of the flow, resulting in uniform uplift of the entire sheet-flow lobe. Initial uplift rates are rapid (flows thicken to 1 m in 1-2 hours), but rates decline sharply as crustal thickness increases, and as outbreaks occur from the margins of the inflating lobe. One flow reached a final thickness of nearly 4 m after 350 hr. Inflation data define power-law curves, whereas crustal cooling follows square root of time relationships; the combination of data can be used to construct simple models of inflated sheet flows. As the flow advances, preferred pathways develop in the older portions of the liquid-cored flow; these pathways can evolve into lava-tube systems within a few weeks. Formation of lava tubes results in highly efficient delivery of lava at velocities of several kilometers per hour to a flow front that may be moving 1-2 orders of magnitude slower. If advance of the sheet flow is terminated, the tube remains filled with lava that crystallizes in situ rather than draining to form the cave-like lava tubes commonly associated with pahoehoe flows. Inflated sheet flows from Kilauea and Mauna Loa are morphologically similar to some thick Icelandic and submarine sheet flows, suggesting a similar mechanism of emplacement. The planar, sheet-like geometry of flood-basalt flows may also result from inflation of sequentially emplaced flow lobes rather than nearly instantaneous emplacement as literal floods of lava. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERV,HAWAII NATL PK,HI 96718. VICTORIA UNIV WELLINGTON,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 67 TC 446 Z9 448 U1 7 U2 40 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 351 EP 370 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0351:EAIOPS>2.3.CO;2 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MZ725 UT WOS:A1994MZ72500004 ER PT J AU ZOBACK, ML MCKEE, EH BLAKELY, RJ THOMPSON, GA AF ZOBACK, ML MCKEE, EH BLAKELY, RJ THOMPSON, GA TI THE NORTHERN NEVADA RIFT - REGIONAL TECTONOMAGMATIC RELATIONS AND MIDDLE MIOCENE STRESS DIRECTION SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; RANGE PROVINCE; MANTLE PLUMES; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; GREAT BASIN; OREGON; QUATERNARY; ANOMALIES AB As defined by the most recent aeromagnetic surveys, the north-northwest-trending northern Nevada rift zone extends for at least 500 km from southern Nevada to the Oregon-Nevada border. At several places along the rift, the magnetic anomaly is clearly related to north-northwest-trending dikes and flows that, based on new radiometric dating, erupted between 17 and 14 Ma and probably during an even shorter time interval. The tectonic significance of the rift is dramatized by its length, its coincidence in time and space (at its northern terminus) with the oldest silicic caldera complex along the Yellowstone hot-spot trend, and its parallelism with the subduction zone along the North American coast prior to the establishment of the San Andreas fault. The northern Nevada rift is also equivalent in age, trend, and composition to feeder dikes that fed the main eruptive pulse (approximately 95% volumetrically) of the Columbia River flood basalts in northern Oregon approximately 15.5-16.5 Ma. Because of these similarities, both regions are considered to be part of an enormous lithospheric rift that propagated rapidly south-southeast and north-northwest, respectively, from a central mantle plume. The site of the initial breaching of the North America plate by this plume is probably the McDermitt volcanic center at the north end of the rift near the Oregon-Nevada border. The present north-northwest trend of the rift and its internal elements, such as dikes and lava-filled grabens, record the orientation of the arc-normal extensional stress in this back-arc region at the time of emplacement. Paleomagnetic evidence presented by others and interpreted to indicate block rotations at three sample localities is not consistent with either a rotation of dikes within the rift or with a regional rotation of the entire rift. The present north-northwest trend of the rift reflects the state of stress in the Basin and Range during middle Miocene time and is consistent with stress indicators of similar age throughout the Basin and Range and Rio Grande rift provinces. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP ZOBACK, ML (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 64 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 4 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 371 EP 382 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0371:TNNRRT>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MZ725 UT WOS:A1994MZ72500005 ER PT J AU PRATSON, LF RYAN, WBF MOUNTAIN, GS TWICHELL, DC AF PRATSON, LF RYAN, WBF MOUNTAIN, GS TWICHELL, DC TI SUBMARINE-CANYON INITIATION BY DOWNSLOPE-ERODING SEDIMENT FLOWS - EVIDENCE IN LATE CENOZOIC STRATA ON THE NEW-JERSEY CONTINENTAL-SLOPE SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EBRO MARGIN; MIDDLE; SEA; RISE; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; PLIOCENE; PATTERNS; GROWTH; SPAIN AB Multibeam bathymetry and seismic reflection profiles of the New Jersey continental slope reveal a series of abandoned and now-buried submarine canyons that have apparently influenced the development of modern canyons. The buried canyons are infilled along nine slope-wide unconformities separating upper-middle Miocene to Pleistocene sediments that thin downslope. Canyons infilled during the Miocene occur in the southwest part of the study area where Miocene sediments are thickest. Other canyons, infilled during the Pleistocene, occur in the northeast part of the study area where Pleistocene sediments are thickest. When followed downslope, each of the buried canyons arrives at a confluence with a modern canyon, usually where the downslope-tapering sediment cover has failed to smooth over the buried canyon, leaving a sea-floor trough. Seaward of the confluences, the modem canyons have exhumed the buried canyons and use the older valleys to reach the base of the slope. Re-use of the lower slope reach of the buried canyons appears to have begun when the sea-floor troughs over the buried canyons captured sediment flows initiated along the upper slope and shelf break and confined them to follow the former path of the buried canyons to the base of the slope. The downslope erosion caused by the sediment flows is proposed to have initiated the modern canyons, which eventually excavated and deepened the former routes of the buried canyons seaward of the sites of sediment flow capture. The occurrence of buried canyons where strata thickens alongslope suggests that infilling of the buried canyons occurred seaward of shelf-edge depocenters. The heightened sediment input to the slope in these regions may have also led to the initiation and growth of modern-day canyons. The temporal relation between modern canyon formation, sediment supply, and sea level, however, remains to be established. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP PRATSON, LF (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA. NR 72 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 12 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 3 BP 395 EP 412 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0395:SCIBDE>2.3.CO;2 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MZ725 UT WOS:A1994MZ72500007 ER PT J AU CARVER, GA JAYKO, AS VALENTINE, DW LI, WH AF CARVER, GA JAYKO, AS VALENTINE, DW LI, WH TI COASTAL UPLIFT ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1992 CAPE MENDOCINO EARTHQUAKE, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The April 25, 1992, Cape Mendocino earthquake (Ms 7.1) uplifted approximately 24 km of the northern California coast at the southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone, uplift which resulted in coastal emergence that caused extensive mortality of intertidal organisms between Cape Mendocino and Punta Gorda. We estimated the amount of uplift by measuring the vertical extent of mortality of 14 sessile intertidal species on rocky sections of shore. The uplift profile along the coast is generally parallel to the strike of the earthquake focal mechanism and forms a broad, flat-topped arch approximately 24 km long with a gentle south limb and a steeper north limb. The maximum uplift of 1.4 +/- 0.2 m is near the center of the profile. The profile is a manifestation of the more widespread domal upwarp produced by slip on an east-dipping buried thrust fault along or near the Cascadia megathrust. Small, new emergent terraces have formed where wave-cut intertidal platforms have been elevated. The new terraces resemble raised late Holocene benches that probably record paleoearthquakes similar to the 1992 event. However, several of the late Holocene terraces are broader and more continuous. These terraces, which extend several tens of kilometres north and south of the 1002 uplift, suggest that some paleoearthquakes were much larger than magnitude 7. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP CARVER, GA (reprint author), HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. OI Valentine, David/0000-0002-5018-048X NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0195:CUAWTC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MZ722 UT WOS:A1994MZ72200001 ER PT J AU MILLER, LD GOLDFARB, RJ GEHRELS, GE SNEE, LW AF MILLER, LD GOLDFARB, RJ GEHRELS, GE SNEE, LW TI GENETIC LINKS AMONG FLUID CYCLING, VEIN FORMATION, REGIONAL DEFORMATION, AND PLUTONISM IN THE JUNEAU GOLD BELT, SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAST MOUNTAINS BATHOLITH; BEARING QUARTZ VEINS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; METAMORPHIC BELT; WESTERN FLANK; CAPE FANSHAW; DEPOSITS; ABITIBI; COMPLEX; GEOLOGY AB Gold-bearing quartz vein systems in the Juneau gold belt formed within a 160-km-long by 5- to 8-km-wide zone along the western margin of the Coast Mountains, Alaska. Vein systems are spatially associated with shear zones adjacent to terrane-bounding, mid-Cretaceous thrust faults. Analysis of vein orientations and sense of shear data define a stress configuration with greatest and least principal axes oriented subhorizontally with northeast-southwest trends and subvertically, respectively. This local stress configuration is compatible with the far-field plate configuration during Eocene time. Isotopic ages of vein formation indicate that fluid cycling occurred between 56.5 and greater-than-or-equal-to 52.8 Ma, and are consistent with a genetic link between veining and a change in plate motion in early Eocene time. Veining was also synchronous with the latter stages of rapid exhumation and voluminous plutonism immediately inboard of the gold belt. We propose a model in which interacting tectonic events facilitated fault-valve action and vein development along now-exhumed shear zones. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT GEOSCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 203 EP 206 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0203:GLAFCV>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MZ722 UT WOS:A1994MZ72200003 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MJ FARBER, DL WOODEN, JL ANDERSON, JL AF DAVIS, MJ FARBER, DL WOODEN, JL ANDERSON, JL TI CONFLICTING TECTONICS - CONTRACTION AND EXTENSION AT MIDDLE AND UPPER CRUSTAL LEVELS ALONG THE CORDILLERAN LATE JURASSIC ARC, SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIKE SWARM; HORNBLENDE; PLUTONISM; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION; ARIZONA AB Effects of mid-Mesozoic contraction followed closely in time by extension are present in mid- to upper-crustal plutonic rocks in the Chuckwalla Mountains of the eastern Transverse Ranges, California. Late Jurassic movement along a steeply dipping, right-lateral mylonitic shear zone is bracketed between 159 and 147 Ma via U-Pb dated plutons. Depth of emplacement vs. time data based on hornblende geobarometry and U-Pb geochronology of Mesozoic plutons indicate that a period of dramatic uplift affected the Chuckwalla Mountains during the Late Jurassic, contrasting sharply with data from the (then) nearby San Gabriel Mountains. Subsequent latest Jurassic extensional tectonics is suggested by alkalic plutonism, nearly synchronous intrusion of the Late Jurassic Independence dike swarm, and possibly by deposition of the McCoy Mountains Formation. We conclude that both contraction and extension were significant at upper- and mid-crustal depths in the Chuckwalla Mountains region during the Late Jurassic, and speculate that the combined influence of oblique convergence and the opening of the Gulf of Mexico may have caused the contrasting and nearly contemporaneous tectonic modes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP DAVIS, MJ (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT GEOL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089, USA. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0247:CTCAEA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MZ722 UT WOS:A1994MZ72200014 ER PT J AU TURRIN, BD DONNELLYNOLAN, JM HEARN, BC AF TURRIN, BD DONNELLYNOLAN, JM HEARN, BC TI AR-40 AR-39 AGES FROM THE RHYOLITE OF ALDER-CREEK, CALIFORNIA - AGE OF THE COBB-MOUNTAIN NORMAL-POLARITY SUBCHRON REVISITED SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-SCALE; BRUNHES-MATUYAMA; ASTRONOMICAL CALIBRATION; EVENT; SEDIMENTS; TIMESCALE; PLIOCENE; BOUNDARY; RECORDS; TURKANA AB NeW Ar-4-/Ar-39 age determinations on sanidine from the rhyolite of Alder Creek, California, indicate a 1.186 +/- 0.006 Ma age for the Cobb Mountain Normal-Polarity Subchron. The new age is statistically older (alpha = 0.05) than the previously reported K-Ar age (1.12 +/- 0.02 Ma) and agrees with the age suggested by the astronomical polarity time scale. Incomplete extraction of radiogenic Ar-40 (Ar-40*) from the sanidine is the most likely reason for the disparity between the AR-40/Ar-39 and K-Ar ages. Because the Cobb Mountain subchron is a worldwide, short-duration event, and because no widely used interlaboratory Ar-40/Ar-39 standard younger than 27 Ma exists, we propose that sanidine from the rhyolite of Alder Creek be considered for use as a new Quaternary Ar-40/Ar-39 mineral standard. C1 INST HUMAN ORIGINS,CTR GEOCHRONOL,BERKELEY,CA 94709. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. RP TURRIN, BD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 42 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0251:AAAFTR>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MZ722 UT WOS:A1994MZ72200015 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC AF SAVAGE, JC TI EVIDENCE FOR NEAR-FRICTIONLESS FAULTING IN THE 1989 (M6.9) LOMA-PRIETA, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKE AND ITS AFTERSHOCKS - COMMENT SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS-977,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 278 EP 279 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0278:EFNFFI>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA MZ722 UT WOS:A1994MZ72200024 ER PT J AU RUTLEDGE, AT DANIEL, CC AF RUTLEDGE, AT DANIEL, CC TI TESTING AN AUTOMATED-METHOD TO ESTIMATE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FROM STREAMFLOW RECORDS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The computer program, RORA, allows automated analysis of streamflow hydrographs to estimate ground-water recharge. Output from the program, which is based on the recession-curve-displacement method (often referred to as the Rorabaugh method, for whom the program is named), was compared to estimates of recharge obtained from a manual analysis of 156 years of streamflow record from 15 streamflow-gaging stations in the eastern United States. Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference between paired estimates of annual recharge by the two methods. Tests of the slopes of best-fit lines through paired estimates showed that the slopes were not significantly different from unity. Tests of results produced by the four workers who performed the manual method showed that results can differ significantly between workers. Twenty-two percent of the variation between manual and automated estimates could be attributed to having different workers perform the manual method. The program RORA will produce estimates of recharge equivalent to estimates produced manually, greatly increase the speed of analysis, and reduce the subjectivity inherent in manual analysis. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RALEIGH,NC 27607. RP RUTLEDGE, AT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,433 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 31 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00632.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NB323 UT WOS:A1994NB32300002 ER PT J AU PAILLET, F DUNCANSON, R AF PAILLET, F DUNCANSON, R TI COMPARISON OF DRILLING REPORTS AND DETAILED GEOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER PRODUCTION IN BEDROCK WELLS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID BOREHOLE; FRACTURES AB The most extensive data base for fractured bedrock aquifers consists of drilling reports maintained by various state agencies. We investigated the accuracy and reliability of such reports by comparing a representative set of reports for nine wells drilled by conventional air percussion methods in granite with a suite of geophysical logs for the same wells designed to identify the depths of fractures intersecting the well bore which may have produced water during aquifer tests. Production estimates reported by the driller ranged from less than 1 to almost 10 gallons per minute. The moderate drawdowns maintained during subsequent production tests were associated with approximately the same flows as those measured when boreholes were dewatered during air percussion drilling. We believe the estimates of production during drilling and drawdown tests were similar because partial fracture zone dewatering during drilling prevented larger inflows otherwise expected from the steeper drawdowns during drilling. The fractures and fracture zones indicated on the drilling report and the amounts of water produced by these fractures during drilling generally agree with those identified from the geophysical log analysis. Most water production occurred from two fractured and weathered zones which are separated by an interval of unweathered granite. The fractures identified in the drilling reports show various depth discrepancies in comparison to the geophysical logs, which are subject to much better depth control. However, the depths of the fractures associated with water production on the drilling report are comparable to the depths of the fractures shown to be the source of water inflow in the geophysical log analysis. Other differences in the relative contribution of flow from fracture zones may by attributed to the differences between the hydraulic conditions during drilling, which represent large, prolonged drawdowns, and pumping tests, which consisted of smaller drawdowns maintained over shorter periods. We conclude that drilling reports riled by experienced well drillers contain useful information about the depth, thickness, degree of weathering, and production capacity of fracture zones supplying typical domestic water wells. The accuracy of this information could be improved if relatively simple and inexpensive geophysical well logs such as gamma, caliper, and normal resistivity logs were routinely run in conjunction with bedrock drilling projects. RP PAILLET, F (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 403,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 200 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00634.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NB323 UT WOS:A1994NB32300004 ER PT J AU MERRITT, ML AF MERRITT, ML TI A REWETTING APPROXIMATION FOR A SIMULATOR OF FLOW IN A SURFICIAL AQUIFER OVERLAIN BY SEASONALLY INUNDATED WETLANDS SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB An approximation is presented to rectify situations occurring as part of the three-dimensional simulation of surficial aquifer flows in which surface grid cells become dry (zero saturated thickness) and then cannot readily receive flows that would again partially saturate them. The approximation permits the cells to be rewetted by adjusting dry cell pressures by the same amount as the pressure change computed for the uppermost nondry cells in the vertical column. This is continued in successive timesteps until the dry cells once again become partially or fully saturated. The rewetting procedure was tested in a recent transient simulation of flows in the surficial Biscayne aquifer of Dade County, Florida, which is partly covered by seasonally inundated wetlands. The uppermost layer of the model (layer 1) was used to represent overland sheetflow and grid cells of high equivalent hydraulic conductivity in this layer became dry and were rewetted seasonally, requiring a relatively robust representation of rewetting. The rewetting procedure made possible a simulation of overland sheetflow stages and aquifer water-table altitudes between 1945 and 1989 that was generally correct to within about 1 foot in inundated and noninundated regions. In a 6-year time period (1962-67) in which the behavior of the rewetting procedure was studied in detail, there were 4,723 simulated cell rewettings, of which 3,172 were in the overland sheetflow layer and 1,551 were in the uppermost aquifer layer (layer 2). The average head adjustment in a cell rewetting was 0.10 foot in layer 1 and 0.15 foot in layer 2. This study demonstrates an empirical approach to the problem of cell rewetting that might prove useful in other models of flow in surficial aquifers. RP MERRITT, ML (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,9100 NW 36TH ST,SUITE 107,MIAMI,FL 33178, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00643.x PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NB323 UT WOS:A1994NB32300013 ER PT J AU GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE FICKEN, JH PANKOW, JF ROSEN, ME AF GIBS, J IMBRIGIOTTA, TE FICKEN, JH PANKOW, JF ROSEN, ME TI EFFECTS OF SAMPLE ISOLATION AND HANDLING ON THE RECOVERY OF PURGEABLE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB This report compares the recovery of purgeable organic compounds (POCs) obtained by using a downhole isobaric sampler developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, a helical-rotor submersible pump, and a point source bailer to collect and isolate samples of ground water from three wells in New York and New Jersey, the samples contained a total of 13 POCs detectable at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mug/L to about 400 mug/L. This report also compares the effects of sample handling, specifically the differences in POC concentration recovery when an isobaric sample container is filled at land surface vs. when it is filled downhole, and when samples are taken using a bailer with and without a bottom-emptying device. These case studies are used to quantify the possible effects of different sample-isolation and sample-handling techniques on POC recovery. The relative effectiveness of the three devices varied by site and by compound. Overall, the POC recoveries achieved by using the helical-rotor submersible pump and the downhole isobaric sampler were not significantly different at the 95 percent confidence level. POC recovery obtained by using the point source bailer was 11 percent lower overall. The downhole isobaric sampler results exhibited smaller coefficients of variation than did the helical-rotor submersible pump or the point-source bailer results. However, the differences between the coefficients of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler and those of the helical-rotor submersible pump were not significant the 95 percent confidence level. The nonsignificant smaller coefficient of variation of the downhole isobaric sampler apparently resulted from two fewer sample handling steps that exposed the sample water to ambient air. An independent experiment performed with a different downhole sampler at one of the wells used in this investigation produced a similar statistical result. Also, the POC recovery obtained by pouring sample water out the top Of a point source bailer into 40-mL vials was 8 percent lower than that obtained by filling vials from a bailer with a bottom-emptying device. RP GIBS, J (reprint author), USGS,DIV WATER RESOURCES,810 BEAR TAVERN RD,STE 206,W TRENTON,NJ 08628, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00109.x PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA NG859 UT WOS:A1994NG85900009 ER PT J AU ZELLWEGER, GW AF ZELLWEGER, GW TI TESTING AND COMPARISON OF 4 IONIC TRACERS TO MEASURE STREAM-FLOW LOSS BY MULTIPLE TRACER INJECTION SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE TRACER DILUTION DISCHARGE; LOSING STREAM; LOW FLOW MEASUREMENT; IONIC TRACERS; INFLUENT STREAM AB The ionic tracers lithium, sodium, chloride and bromide were used to measure flow loss in a small stream (almost-equal-to 10 1 s-1). An injectate containing all four tracers was added continuously at five sites along a 507 m study reach of St Kevin Gulch, Lake County, Colorado to determine which sections of the stream were losing water to the stream bed and to ascertain how well the four tracers performed. The acidity of the stream (pH 3.6) made it possible for lithium and sodium, which are normally adsorbed by ion exchange with stream bed sediment, to be used as conservative tracers. Net flow losses as low as 0.81 s-1, or 8% of flow, were calculated between measuring sites. By comparing the results of simultaneous injection it was determined whether subsections of the study reach were influent or effluent. Evaluation of tracer concentrations along 116 m of stream indicated that all four tracers behaved conservatively. Discharges measured by Parshall flumes were 4-18% greater than discharges measured by tracer dilution. RP ZELLWEGER, GW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 0 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1002/hyp.3360080206 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA NF918 UT WOS:A1994NF91800005 ER PT J AU COPLEN, TB GREENWOOD, NN PEISER, HS AF COPLEN, TB GREENWOOD, NN PEISER, HS TI 1993 TABLE OF STANDARD ATOMIC WEIGHTS ABRIDGED TO 5 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Note C1 UNIV LEEDS,SCH MED,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. COMASS INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP COPLEN, TB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR PY 1994 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0020-1693(93)03674-Y PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA NA902 UT WOS:A1994NA90200034 ER PT J AU PENNYCUICK, CJ FULLER, MR OAR, JJ KIRKPATRICK, SJ AF PENNYCUICK, CJ FULLER, MR OAR, JJ KIRKPATRICK, SJ TI FALCON VERSUS GROUSE - FLIGHT ADAPTATIONS OF A PREDATOR AND ITS PREY SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; ORNITHODOLITE; BIRDS AB Several falcons were trained to fly along a 500 m course to a lure. The air speeds of the more consistent performers averaged about 1.5 times their calculated minimum power speeds, and occasionally reached 2.1 times the minimum power speed. Wing beat frequencies of all the falcons were above those estimated from earlier field observations, and the same was true of wild Sage Grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a regular falconer's quarry in the study area. Measurements of grouse killed by falcons showed that their wings were short, with broad slotted tips, whereas the falcons' wings were longer in relation to their body mass, and tapered. The short wings of grouse result in fast flight, high power requirements, and reduced capacity for aerobic flight. Calculations indicated that the grouse should fly faster than the falcons, and had the large amount of flight muscle needed to do so, but that the falcons would be capable of prolonged aerobic flight, whereas the grouse probably would not. We surmise that Sage Grouse cannot fly continuously without incurring an oxygen debt, and are therefore not long-distance migrants. although this limitation is partly due to their large size, and would not apply to smaller galliform birds such as ptarmigan Lagopus spp. The wing action seen in video recordings of the falcons was not consistent with the maintenance of constant circulation. We call it ''chase mode'' because it appears to be associated with a high level of muscular exertion, without special regard to fuel economy. It shows features in common with the ''bounding'' flight of passerines. C1 UNIV MIAMI,DEPT BIOL,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. HORSE CREEK RANCH,HOWE,ID 83244. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 13 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.2307/3677292 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA NJ645 UT WOS:A1994NJ64500005 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, RW WEBB, RMT BUSH, DM AF RODRIGUEZ, RW WEBB, RMT BUSH, DM TI ANOTHER LOOK AT THE IMPACT OF HURRICANE HUGO ON THE SHELF AND COASTAL RESOURCES OF PUERTO-RICO, USA SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PUERTO-RICO; BERMS; SHORELINE EROSION; BEACH PROFILE; COASTAL FLOODING AB Hurricane Hugo struck Puerto Rico on 18 September 1989. Coastal zone resources as diverse as offshore sand deposits, recreational beaches, and coral reefs were affected. Initial observations made during the week of the storm and subsequent observations are part of an ongoing shelf and coastal resources monitoring project. Cores and aerial photographs reveal that at least 100,000 m3 of sand was removed from the Escollo de Arenas, a large offshore sand deposit (90 x 10(6) m3). The berms of the beaches along the eastern and northern coast of the island were severely eroded Wave impact and coastal flooding were augmented by a 0.6 m high tide and a 0.7 m storm surge in San Juan. Overwash fans containing about 5 x 10(5) m3 of sand were deposited behind the frontal dune line in Pinones (east of San Juan). Approximately 90% of this material is considered to be unrecoverable, deposited in mangrove swamp or removed as part of street clearing efforts. At other sites, material lost from the berm was moved offshore and deposited in the nearshore zone. Follow-up profiling shows that Hugo provided only a minor perturbation in the seasonal cycle of beach changes at most sites. In areas where a large volume of sand was deposited inland or below the seasonal wave base, the recovery has been slow. Reconnaissance surveys in eastern Culebra show almost total destruction of the shallow coral. Acropora palmata whereas only partial destruction occurred to the corals off western Culebra and in Visques Passage. Tens of square kilometers of highly productive seagrass meadows were destroyed by the formation of large sediment ''blowouts.'' C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. DUKE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP RODRIGUEZ, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5917 PUERTA DE TIERRA STN,SAN JUAN,PR 00906, USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 2 BP 278 EP 296 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA NG933 UT WOS:A1994NG93300005 ER PT J AU LAVOIE, WJ HUBERT, WA AF LAVOIE, WJ HUBERT, WA TI USE OF DRIFTING INVERTEBRATES BY YOUNG-OF-YEAR BROWN TROUT IN STREAM-MARGIN HABITAT SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN STREAM; SALMO-TRUTTA; SIZE; DIET; FOOD AB We studied the feeding dynamics of young-of-year (YOY) brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting stream-margin habitat of a mountain stream during August and September. We found invertebrates in fish stomachs throughout 24-h sampling periods. The abundance, of items in stomachs increased with the density of drifting invertebrates after dark. Composition of stomach contents and composition of drifting invertebrate samples were related, but Ephemeroptera larvae had Positive electivity indices more frequently than other taxa. The mean lengths of invertebrates in stomachs were greater than those in samples of drifting invertebrates. RP LAVOIE, WJ (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,WYOMING COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1080/02705060.1994.9664425 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NE883 UT WOS:A1994NE88300006 ER PT J AU FRITTS, TH MCCOID, MJ HADDOCK, RL AF FRITTS, TH MCCOID, MJ HADDOCK, RL TI SYMPTOMS AND CIRCUMSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH BITES BY THE BROWN TREE SNAKE (COLUBRIDAE, BOIGA-IRREGULARIS) ON GUAM SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUVERNOY SECRETION AB A review of 94 cases of snakebite by the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, in Guam spanning a two year period shows a high proportion (80%) involve victims bitten while sleeping in their homes at night. Some bites apparently involve attempts to feed on small children. Of all children less than 1 yr old that were bitten in a two year period, infants 1-3 mo old comprised 82%. The symptoms exhibited by children are more severe than those experienced by adults. The snake is a rear-fanged (i.e., has enlarged and grooved-teeth on the posterior maxillae) colubrid with a moderately large Duvernoy's gland. C1 DIV AQUAT & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,AGANA,GU 96910. DEPT PUBL HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,AGANA,GU 96910. RP FRITTS, TH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.2307/1564676 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA ND803 UT WOS:A1994ND80300005 ER PT J AU LAI, CT AF LAI, CT TI MULTICOMPONENT-FLOW ANALYSES BY MULTIMODE METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB For unsteady open-channel flows having N interacting unknown variables, a system of N mutually independent, partial differential equations can be used to describe the flow-field. The system generally belongs to marching-type problems and permits transformation into characteristic equations that are associated with N distinct characteristic directions. Because characteristics can be considered ''wave'' or ''disturbance'' propagation, a fluvial system so described can be viewed as adequately definable using these N component waves. A numerical algorithm to solve the N families of characteristics can then be introduced for formulation of an N-component flow-simulation model. The multimode method of characteristics (MMOC), a new numerical scheme that has a combined capacity of several specified-time-interval (STI) schemes of the method of characteristics, makes numerical modeling of such N-component riverine flows feasible and attainable. Merging different STI schemes yields different kinds of MMOC schemes, for which two kinds are displayed herein. With the MMOC, each characteristic is dynamically treated by an appropriate numerical mode, which should lead to an effective and suitable global simulation, covering various types of unsteady flow. The scheme is always linearly stable and its numerical accuracy can be systematically analyzed. By increasing the N value, one can develop a progressively sophisticated model that addresses increasingly complex river-mechanics problems. RP LAI, CT (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,430 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1994 VL 120 IS 3 BP 378 EP 395 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:3(378) PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MZ042 UT WOS:A1994MZ04200007 ER PT J AU WALKER, JF AF WALKER, JF TI STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING WATER-QUALITY EFFECTS OF BMPS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; RIVERS; RUNOFF AB Little has been published on the effectiveness of various management practices in small rural lakes and streams at the watershed scale. In this study, statistical techniques were used to test for changes in water-quality data from watersheds where best management practices (BMPs) were implemented. Reductions in data variability due to climate and seasonality were accomplished through the use of regression methods. This study discusses the merits of using storm-mass-transport data as a means of improving the ability to detect BMP effects on stream-water quality. Statistical techniques were applied to suspended-sediment records from three rural watersheds in Illinois for the period 1981-84. None of the techniques identified changes in suspended sediment, primarily because of the small degree of BMP implementation and because of potential errors introduced through the estimation of storm-mass transport. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was used to determine the level of discrete change that could be detected for each watershed. In all cases, the use of regressions improved the ability to detect trends. RP WALKER, JF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOUR,6417 NORMANDY LANE,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 120 IS 2 BP 334 EP 347 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:2(334) PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA NC988 UT WOS:A1994NC98800008 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DC BRADLEY, LM AF BRADLEY, DC BRADLEY, LM TI GEOMETRY OF AN OUTCROP-SCALE DUPLEX IN DEVONIAN FLYSCH, MAINE SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEWIS THRUST SHEET; ACADIAN OROGENY; TECTONICS; SYSTEMS; CANADA; BELT AB We describe an outcrop-scale duplex consisting of 211 exposed repetitions of a single bed. The duplex marks an early Acadian (Middle Devonian) oblique thrust zone in the Lower Devonian flysch of northern Maine. Detailed mapping at a scale of 1: 8 has enabled us to measure accurately parameters such as horse length and thickness, ramp angles and displacements; we compare these and derivative values with those of published descriptions of duplexes, and with theoretical models. Shortening estimates based on line balancing are consistently smaller than two methods of area balancing, suggesting that layer-parallel shortening preceded thrusting. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ALASKAN GEOL BRANCH,4200 UNIV DR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. WGM INC,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 16 IS 3 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/0191-8141(94)90041-8 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NA039 UT WOS:A1994NA03900007 ER PT J AU LEE, JK SCHAFFRANEK, RW BALTZER, RA AF LEE, JK SCHAFFRANEK, RW BALTZER, RA TI SIMULATING EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY EMBANKMENTS ON ESTUARINE CIRCULATION SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB A two-dimensional, depth-averaged, finite-difference, numerical model was used to simulate tidal circulation and mass transport in the Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, estuarine system. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the utility of the Surface-Water, Integrated, Flow and Transport model (SWIFT2D) for evaluating changes in circulation patterns and mass transport caused by highway-crossing embankments. A model of a subregion of Port Royal Sound including the highway crossings and having a grid size of 61 m (200 ft) was derived from a 183-m (600-ft) model of the entire Port Royal Sound estuarine system. The 183-m model was used to compute boundary-value data for the 61-m submodel, which was then used to simulate flow conditions with and without the highway embankments in place. The numerical simulations show that, with the highway embankments in place. mass transport between the Broad River and Battery Creek is reduced and mass transport between the Beaufort River and Battery Creek is increased. The net result is that mass transport into and out of upper Battery Creek is reduced. The presence of the embankments also alters circulation patterns within Battery Creek. RP LEE, JK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,430 NATL CTR,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 120 IS 2 BP 199 EP 218 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1994)120:2(199) PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MZ358 UT WOS:A1994MZ35800005 ER PT J AU BENSON, LV AF BENSON, LV TI STABLE ISOTOPES OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN IN THE TRUCKEE RIVER PYRAMID LAKE SURFACE-WATER SYSTEM .1. DATA-ANALYSIS AND EXTRACTION OF PALEOCLIMATIC INFORMATION SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA AB The deltaO-18 content of streamflow discharge entering Pyramid Lake is a simple mixture of isotopically enriched Lake Tahoe discharge and isotopically depleted snowmelt. The deltaO-18 value of Pyramid Lake water varies continuously, as isotopically depleted water evaporates from the epilimnion and isotopically depleted water enters the lake as streamflow discharge and on-lake precipitation. In a normal water year, the deltaO-18 of Pyramid Lake surface water varies seasonally because the components of the hydrologic balance in the Pyramid Lake system are seasonally shifted. The problem of isotopic and thermal heterogeneity can be minimized by analyzing carbonates that integrate the annual variance in deltaO-18, form in an environment in which temperature is relatively invariant, and are not subject to recrystallization after deposition. RP BENSON, LV (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 344 EP 355 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NM679 UT WOS:A1994NM67900010 ER PT J AU HOSTETLER, SW BENSON, LV AF HOSTETLER, SW BENSON, LV TI STABLE ISOTOPES OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN IN THE TRUCKEE RIVER PYRAMID LAKE SURFACE-WATER SYSTEM .2. A PREDICTIVE MODEL OF DELTA-O-18 AND DELTA-H-2 IN PYRAMID LAKE SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EVAPORATION; LEVEL AB A physically based model of variations in deltaO-18 and deltaH-2 in Pyramid Lake is presented. For inputs, the model uses measurements of liquid water inflows and outflows and their associated isotopic compositions and a set of meteorological data (radiative fluxes, air temperature, relative humidity, and windspeed). The model simulates change of lake volume, thermal and isotopic stratification, evaporation, and the isotopic composition of evaporation. A validation of the model for 1987-1989 and 1991 indicates that it can reproduce measured intra- and interannual variations of deltaO-18 and deltaH-2. Three applications of the model demonstrate its ability to simulate longer term responses of deltaO-18 to change in the hydrologic balance and hydrologic characteristics (opening and closing) of the lake. RP HOSTETLER, SW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 356 EP 364 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NM679 UT WOS:A1994NM67900011 ER PT J AU MILLER, CF WOODEN, JL AF MILLER, CF WOODEN, JL TI ANATEXIS, HYBRIDIZATION AND THE MODIFICATION OF ANCIENT CRUST - MESOZOIC PLUTONISM IN THE OLD WOMAN MOUNTAINS AREA, CALIFORNIA SO LITHOS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEXES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN-GREAT-BASIN; SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; PENINSULAR RANGES; TRACE-ELEMENT; THRUST BELT; EXTENSION AB A compositionally expanded array of granitic (s.l.) magmas intruded the > 2 Ga crust of the Old Woman Mountains area between t 60 and 70 Ma. These magmas were emplaced near the eastern (inland) edge of the Jurassic/Cretaceous arcs of western North America, in an area where magma flux, especially during the Jurassic, was considerably lower than to the west. The Jurassic intrusives and over half of the Cretaceous intrusives are predominantly metaluminous and variable in composition; a major Cretaceous suite comprises only peraluminous monzogranite. Only the Jurassic intrusions show clear evidence for the presence of mafic liquids. All units, including the most mafic rocks, reveal isotopic evidence for a significant crustal component. However, none of the Mesozoic intrusives matches in isotopic composition either average pre-intrusion crust or any major unit of the exposed crust. Elemental inconsistencies also preclude closed system derivation from exposed crust. Emplacement of these magmas, which doubled the volume of the mid- to upper crust, did not dramatically change its elemental composition. It did, however, affect its Nd and especially Sr isotopic composition and modify some of the distinctive aspects of the elemental chemistry. We propose that Jurassic magmatism was open-system, with a major influx of mantle-derived mafic magma interacting strongly with the ancient crust. Mesozoic crustal thickening may have led to closed-system crustal melting by the Late Cretaceous, but the deep crust had been profoundly modified by earlier Mesozoic hybridization so that crustal melts did not simply reflect the original crustal composition. The clear evidence for a crustal component in magmas of the Old Woman Mountains area may not indicate any fundamental differences from the processes at work elsewhere in this or other magmatic arcs where the role of pre-existing crust is less certain. Rather, a compositionally distinctive, very old crust may simply have yielded a more readily identifiable crustal fingerprint. The same processes that were involved here-mafic magma influx, hybridization, and remelting of hybridized crust-are likely to be typical of arc settings. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP MILLER, CF (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT GEOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37235, USA. NR 84 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0024-4937(94)90025-6 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA ND199 UT WOS:A1994ND19900008 ER PT J AU KING, JD YANG, JQ PU, F AF KING, JD YANG, JQ PU, F TI THERMAL HISTORY OF THE PERIPHERY OF THE JUNGGAR BASIN, NORTHWESTERN CHINA SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHINA; JUNGGAR BASIN; HEAT FLOW; KINETIC MODELING; THERMAL MATURITY ID SOURCE ROCKS; KINETICS; MODEL AB Geochemical analyses of rock core samples show that the basin periphery has experienced low thermal stress; present-day heat flows are in the range of 25-35 mW/m2 and have not been significantly higher than the worldwide mean of approx. 63 mW/m2 since the mid-Permian. Present day heat flows were determined from corrected borehole temperatures and rock thermal conductivities. Paleo-heat flows were determined by first-order reaction kinetic modeling of several geochemical paleothermometers (vitrinite reflectance, clay mineral diagenesis and relative proportions of sterane and hopane biological marker diastereomers). C1 RES INST EXPLORAT & DEV, KARAMAY 834000, PEOPLES R CHINA. ACAD SINICA, LANZHOU 730000, PEOPLES R CHINA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, BOX 25046, MS 977, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90201-1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NK089 UT WOS:A1994NK08900019 ER PT J AU OLIVER, WA PEDDER, AEH AF OLIVER, WA PEDDER, AEH TI CRISES IN THE DEVONIAN HISTORY OF THE RUGOSE CORALS SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS EXTINCTION; CORALS; EVENT AB Detailed analysis of the stratigraphic ranges of Devonian rugose coral genera within the Old World and Eastern Americas Realms gives new information on faunal extinctions and other bioevents in both rearms. Various origination and extinction metrics are calculated from tabulations of occurrences in each stage. The most significant faunal changes were near or at the ends of the Lochkovian and Frasnian stages. The former marks the gradual transition from dominance by Silurian families and genera to the characteristic Devonian coral assemblages; the latter marks the virtual extinction of the Devonian families and genera. Other coral events are related to the two major changes. The data provide new bases for comparing the histories of the two realms. Most of the events are recorded in both, giving support to previous suggestions that the causes were worldwide. The coral record shows an increase (probably episodic) in environmental deterioration persisting through the Middle Devonian and culminating in extinction at the end of the Frasnian. Eustatic sea level fluctuations may have caused the precursor events and a bolide impact may have caused the end-Frasnian extinction. C1 GEOL SURVEY CANADA,CALGARY T2L 2A7,AB,CANADA. RP OLIVER, WA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST E205,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD SPR PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2 BP 178 EP 190 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA NU534 UT WOS:A1994NU53400005 ER PT J AU MATZKO, JR AF MATZKO, JR TI UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TESTING ON NOVAYA-ZEMLYA - THE PHYSICAL BACKGROUND SO POST-SOVIET GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article RP MATZKO, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 1060-5851 J9 POST-SOV GEOGR JI Post-Sov. Geogr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 123 EP 141 PG 19 WC Geography SC Geography GA NJ147 UT WOS:A1994NJ14700001 ER PT J AU CLARK, DH CLARK, MM GILLESPIE, AR AF CLARK, DH CLARK, MM GILLESPIE, AR TI DEBRIS-COVERED GLACIERS IN THE SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SNOWLINE RECONSTRUCTIONS SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM-LINE ALTITUDES; COLORADO AB Ice-walled melt ponds on the surfaces of active valley-floor rock glaciers and Matthes (Little Ice Age) moraines in the southern Sierra Nevada indicate that most of these landforms consist of glacier ice under thin (ca. 1-10 m) but continuous covers of rock-fall-generated debris. These debris blankets effectively insulate the underlying ice and greatly reduce rates of ablation relative to that of uncovered ice. Such insulation explains the observations that ice-cored rock glaciers in the Sierra, actually debris-covered glaciers, are apparently less sensitive to climatic warming and commonly advance to lower altitudes than do adjacent bare-ice glaciers. Accumulation-area ratios and toe-to-headwall-altitude ratios used to estimate equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) of former glaciers may therefore yield incorrect results for cirque glaciers subject to abundant rockfall. Inadvertent lumping of deposits from former debris-covered and bare-ice glaciers partially explains an apparently anomalous regional ELA gradient reported for the pre-Matthes Recess Peak Neoglacial advance. Distinguishing such deposits may be important to studies that rely on paleo-ELA estimates. Moreover, Matthes and Recess Peak ELA gradients along the crest evidently depend strongly on local orographic effects rather than latitudinal climatic trends, indicating that simple linear projections and regional climatic interpretations of ELA gradients of small glaciers may be unreliable. (C) 1994 University of Washington. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP CLARK, DH (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT GEOL SCI,AJ-20,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 37 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1016 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NC250 UT WOS:A1994NC25000001 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, I TREMBOUR, FW SMITH, FL SMITH, GI AF FRIEDMAN, I TREMBOUR, FW SMITH, FL SMITH, GI TI IS OBSIDIAN HYDRATION DATING AFFECTED BY RELATIVE-HUMIDITY SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER AB Experiments carried out under temperatures and relative humidities that approximate ambient conditions show that the rate of hydration of obsidian is a function of the relative humidity, as well as of previously established variables of temperature and obsidian chemical composition. Measurements of the relative humidity of soil at 25 sites and at depths of between 0.01 and 2 m below ground show that in most soil environments, at depths below about 0.25 m, the relative humidity is constant at 100%. We have found that the thickness of the hydrated layer developed on obsidian outcrops exposed to the sun and to relative humidities of 30-90% is similar to that formed on other portions of the outcrop that were shielded from the sun and exposed to a relative humidity of approximately 100%. Surface samples of obsidian exposed to solar heating should hydrate more rapidly than samples buried in the ground. However, the effect of the lower mean relative humidity experiences by surface samples tends to compensate for the elevated temperature, which may explain why obsidian hydration ages of surface samples usually approximate those derived from buried samples. (C) 1994 University of Washington. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FRIEDMAN, I (reprint author), US DEPT INTERIOR,BRANCH ISOTOPE GEOL,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 963,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1020 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NC250 UT WOS:A1994NC25000005 ER PT J AU REHEIS, MC AF REHEIS, MC TI SOIL DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS IN THE ABSENCE OF A CHRONOSEQUENCE IN A GLACIATED BASIN OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA-NEVADA - COMMENTS SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP REHEIS, MC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,FED CTR,MS-913,BOX 25046,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1006/qres.1994.1026 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NC250 UT WOS:A1994NC25000011 ER PT J AU ZALE, AV LEON, SC LECHNER, M MAUGHAN, OE FERGUSON, MT ODONNELL, S JAMES, B JAMES, PW AF ZALE, AV LEON, SC LECHNER, M MAUGHAN, OE FERGUSON, MT ODONNELL, S JAMES, B JAMES, PW TI DISTRIBUTION OF THE THREATENED LEOPARD DARTER, PERCINA-PANTHERINA (OSTEICHTHYES, PERCIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We evaluated the occurrence of the threatened leopard darter (Percina pantherina) in the Little River drainage in Oklahoma and Arkansas to comprehensively document the distribution of the species. Direct observation while snorkeling was used to determine presence. Leopard darters were absent from the Saline and mainstem Rolling Fork rivers. The species was widely distributed in the upper Mountain Fork and upper Little River drainages; populations occurred in the mainstems and several tributaries of both of these streams. Small populations were found in the Cossatot River and the previously unsurveyed Robinson Fork of the Rolling Fork. Both of these populations were isolated and restricted to short stream reaches, and they lacked tributary refugia, thereby rendering them vulnerable to catastrophic extirpation. RP ZALE, AV (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.2307/3672186 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC466 UT WOS:A1994NC46600002 ER PT J AU IRELAND, TT WOLTERS, GL SCHEMNITZ, SD AF IRELAND, TT WOLTERS, GL SCHEMNITZ, SD TI RECOLONIZATION OF WILDLIFE ON A COAL STRIP-MINE IN NORTHWESTERN NEW-MEXICO SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Recolonization by small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods was studied in 1988 and 1989 on The Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mine in northwestern New Mexico. Sites reclaimed in 1979, 1982, and 1986 were compared with unmined sites for differences in animal composition and abundance. Wildlife components were compared with vegetative composition and physical ground features to determine if these influenced wildlife recolonization. The greater species richness of small mammals and the greater abundance of reptiles on the control treatment suggests that reclaimed sites are not providing suitable rock or woody cover for some species. Positive correlations of rock cover and woody cover with small-mammal species richness and total reptile and amphibian captures indicate that placing rocks and woody cover on reclaimed sites may be beneficial to several small mammal, reptile, and amphibian species. RP IRELAND, TT (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,GRAND JCT,CO 81505, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.2307/3672192 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC466 UT WOS:A1994NC46600008 ER PT J AU SCHROCK, RM BEEMAN, JW RONDORF, DW HANER, PV AF SCHROCK, RM BEEMAN, JW RONDORF, DW HANER, PV TI A MICROASSAY FOR GILL SODIUM, POTASSIUM-ACTIVATED ATPASE IN JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMONIDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SMOLTIFICATION AB A microassay well-plate method is described for determining Na+,K+-ATPase activities of small gill sections from juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. The method differs from the established macromethod by detecting inorganic phosphate in nanomole rather than micromole concentrations. This permits the use of much smaller tissue samples, which makes it possible to release fish after sampling. Use of sonication during enzyme extraction and elimination of the need to deproteinize samples before ATPase analysis further simplify the assay. Application of the microwell-plate technique for both Na+, K+-ATPase activity and protein analysis permits rapid processing of many samples. It also produces results equivalent to those of the macroassay; no significant differences occurred between sample duplicates run by the two methods with the same enzyme extract (P > 0.05). The coefficient of variation (100.SD/mean) for microassay samples containing enzyme activities of at least 10 mumol inorganic phosphate per milligram protein per hour was 12% or less for between-plate comparisons and 5% or less for same-plate comparisons. Monitoring of gill-clipped fish during migration indicated that small gill clips did not cause mortality or alter migration behavior of juvenile salmonids tagged with passive integrated transponders. These are important considerations in programs for monitoring species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. RP SCHROCK, RM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES CTR SEATTLE,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 123 IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0223:AMFGSP>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NA850 UT WOS:A1994NA85000010 ER PT J AU GOUGH, LP SEVERSON, RC JACKSON, LL AF GOUGH, LP SEVERSON, RC JACKSON, LL TI BASE-LINE ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN SOILS AND PLANTS, BULL ISLAND, CAPE-ROMAIN-NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE, SOUTH-CAROLINA, USA SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID LICHENS AB Baseline element concentrations are given for Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and associated soils. Baseline and variability data for ash, Al, Ba, C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, and Zn are reported; however, not all variables are reported for all media because, in some media, certain elements were below the analytical detection limit. Spatial variation in element concentration among and within 0.5 km grid cells are given for each of the media. In general, only a few elements in Spanish moss showed statistically significant landscape patterns, whereas several elements in loblolly pine and in soils exhibited differences among sampling grids. Significant differences in the concentration of three elements in Spanish moss and eight elements (including total S) in loblolly pine were observed between two sampling dates (November and June); however, the absolute amount of these differences was small. Except for perhaps Ni and Pb concentrations in Spanish moss, element levels in all sample media exhibited ranges that indicate natural rather than anthropogenic additions of trace elements. RP GOUGH, LP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF01257145 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA NK446 UT WOS:A1994NK44600001 ER PT J AU ARIHOOD, LD AF ARIHOOD, LD TI HYDROGEOLOGY AND PATHS OF FLOW IN THE CARBONATE BEDROCK AQUIFER, NORTHWESTERN INDIANA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE HYDROGEOLOGY; TRANSMISSIVITY; FRACTURE PERMEABILITY; BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS; FLOW PATTERN; WELL HYDRAULICS; FLOW METERS; SURFACE GROUND WATER RELATIONS AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is assessing the ground-water resources of the carbonate bedrock aquifers in Indiana and Ohio as part of their Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis program. Part of this assessment includes the determination of unknown aspects of the hydraulic characteristics, boundaries, and flow paths of the carbonate aquifer. To accomplish this, the USGS drilled three wells through the carbonate aquifer near the Kankakee River in northwestern Indiana. Geophysical logs were used to help determine depths and thicknesses for testing and to help describe geology at the three wells. Packer tests were used to determine direction of ground-water flow and to provide data for an analysis of the distribution of transmissivity in the carbonate aquifer. Transmissivity of the carbonates is associated with two physical cbaracteristics of the rocks: fractures and interconnected porosity. Almost all of the transmissivity is derived from horizontal fracturing; however, only a few of the fractures present in the carbonate are transmissive. Some transmissivity is associated with a zone of fossiliferous, vuggy dolomite, which yields water from the rock matrix. Most of the transmissivity is associated with large fractures and solution crevices in the upper 30 feet of the bedrock; less transmissivity is associated with the deeper vuggy reef material, even where extensively fractured. Transmissivity of individual fractures and fossiliferous zones ranges from 300 to 27,000 feet squared per day. The aquifer bottom is defined by a lack of transmissive fractures and an increased shale content near the contact of the Silurian and Ordovician sections. Water-level data from the three wells indicate that flow is horizontal at well site 1 north of the Kankakee River, upward at well site 2 near the river, and downward at well site 3 south of the river. Most of the flow occurs in the upper part of the carbonate bedrock where fracturing and solution-enlarged crevices are most developed. Water levels indicate the the Kankakee River is a hydrologic boundary for the regional carbonate bedrock aquifer. RP ARIHOOD, LD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5957 LAKESIDE BLVD,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 205 EP 218 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NJ819 UT WOS:A1994NJ81900004 ER PT J AU ELDER, JF AF ELDER, JF TI DISTRIBUTION AND GRAIN-SIZE PARTITIONING OF METALS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF AN EXPERIMENTALLY ACIDIFIED WISCONSIN LAKE SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE METALS; TRACE ELEMENTS; SEDIMENTS; GRAIN-SIZE PARTITIONING; ACIDIFIED LAKES; ORGANIC CARBON; WISCONSIN ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HEAVY-METALS; ROCK LAKE; ACIDIFICATION; MERCURY; TRANSPORT; RIVERS; USA AB A study of concentrations and distribution of major and trace elements in surficial bottom sediments of Little Rock Lake in northern Wisconsin included examination of spatial variation and grain-size effects. No significant differences with respect to metal distribution in sediments were observed between the two basins of the lake, despite the experimental acidification of one of the basins from pH 6.1 to 4.6. The concentrations of most elements in the lake sediments were generally similar to soil concentrations in the area and were well below sediment quality criteria. Two exceptions were lead and zinc, whose concentrations in July 1990 exceeded the criteria of 50 mug/g and 100 mug/g, respectively, in both littoral and pelagic sediments. Concentrations of some elements, particularly Cu, Pb, and Zn, increased along transects from nearshore to midlake, following a similar gradient of sedimentary organic carbon. In contrast, Mn, Fe, and alkali/alkaline-earth elements were at maximum concentrations in nearshore sediments. These elements are less likely to partition to organic particles, and their distribution is more dependent on mineralogical composition, grain size, and other factors. Element concentrations varied among different sediment grain-size fractions, although a simple inverse relation to grain size was not observed. Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were more concentrated in a grain-size range 20-60 mum than in either the very fine or the coarse fractions, possibly because of the aggregation of smaller particles cemented together by organic and Fe/Mn hydrous-oxide coatings. RP ELDER, JF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,6417 NORMANDY LANE,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NJ819 UT WOS:A1994NJ81900008 ER PT J AU SHERWOOD, JM AF SHERWOOD, JM TI ESTIMATION OF VOLUME-DURATION-FREQUENCY RELATIONS OF UNGAGED SMALL URBAN STREAMS IN OHIO SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE FLOOD CHARACTERISTICS; FLOOD FREQUENCY; FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS; FLOOD VOLUMES; HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS AND MODELING; OHIO; STORM-WATER MANAGEMENT; SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY; URBAN HYDROLOGY; VOLUME-DURATION-FREQUENCY AB This paper describes methods for estimating volume-duration-frequency relations of urban streams in Ohio with drainage areas less than 6.5 square miles. The methods were developed to assist engineers in the design of hydraulic structures on urban streams for which temporary storage of water is an important element of the design criteria. Multiple-regression equations were developed for estimating maximum flood volumes of d-hour duration and T-year recurrence interval (dV(T)). Maximum annual flood-volume data for all combinations of six durations (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 hours) and six recurrence intervals (2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years) were analyzed. The significant explanatory variables in the resulting 36 volume-duration-frequency equations are drainage area, average annual precipitation, and basin-development factor. Standard errors of prediction for the 36 dV(T) equations range from +/-28 percent to +/-44 percent. RP SHERWOOD, JM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,975 W 3RD AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43212, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 261 EP 269 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NJ819 UT WOS:A1994NJ81900009 ER PT J AU BARRINGER, TH REISER, RG PRICE, CV AF BARRINGER, TH REISER, RG PRICE, CV TI POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF 2 NEW-JERSEY STREAMS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE LAND USE; TREND ANALYSIS; TIME SERIES; LOWESS SMOOTHING ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS AB Parts of the Raritan River basin in central New Jersey have undergone increasing development over the last several decades. The increasing population relies on the region's ground water and surface water sources for its residential, commercial, and industrial water supply. Urbanization, regionalized wastewater-treatment facilities, stream channel alterations, and interbasin transfers of water can all affect water availability. This pilot study was conducted to determine whether significant trends exist in the base-flow and overland-runoff characteristics of streams in two subbasins with different percentages of urban/built-up land (Anderson et al., 1976). Changes in flow characteristics that could indicate future reductions in safe water yield of the Raritan River basin were examined. Flow and flow variability of the steams draining these two subbasins have increased over time. Many of the flow measures studied experienced pronounced trend shifts about 1960. The cause of these changes cannot be readily determined from the data, nor is it clear whether the increased flow variability lies outside the natural range of flow variability of the streams draining the subbasins. RP BARRINGER, TH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,810 BEAR TAVERN RD,SUITE 206,W TRENTON,NJ 08628, USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 283 EP 295 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA NJ819 UT WOS:A1994NJ81900011 ER PT J AU ROSSI, C NIMMO, JR AF ROSSI, C NIMMO, JR TI MODELING OF SOIL-WATER RETENTION FROM SATURATION TO OVEN DRYNESS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; EQUATION AB Most analytical formulas used to model moisture retention in unsaturated porous media have been developed for the wet range and are unsuitable for applications in which low water contents are important. We have developed two models that fit the entire range from saturation to oven dryness in a practical and physically realistic way with smooth, continuous functions that have few parameters. Both models incorporate a power law and a logarithmic dependence of water content on suction, differing in how these two components are combined. In one model, functions are added together (model ''sum''); in the other they are joined smoothly together at a discrete point (model ''junction''). Both models also incorporate recent developments that assure a continuous derivative and force the function to reach zero water content at a finite value of suction that corresponds to oven dryness. The models have been tested with seven sets of water retention data that each cover nearly the entire range. The three-parameter sum model fits all data well and is useful for extrapolation into the dry range when data for it are unavailable. The two-parameter junction model fits most data sets almost as well as the sum model and has the advantage of being analytically integrable for convenient use with capillary-bundle models to obtain the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ROSSI, C (reprint author), UNIV GENOA,INST HYDRAUL,VIA MONTALLEGRO 1,I-16145 GENOA,ITALY. NR 17 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 701 EP 708 DI 10.1029/93WR03238 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NA853 UT WOS:A1994NA85300011 ER PT J AU SCANLON, BR MILLY, PCD AF SCANLON, BR MILLY, PCD TI WATER AND HEAT FLUXES IN DESERT SOILS .2. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; MOISTURE; MODELS AB Transient one-dimensional fluxes of soil water (liquid and vapor) and heat in response to 1 year of atmospheric forcing were simulated numerically for a site in the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas. The model was initialized and evaluated using the monitoring data presented in a companion paper (Scanlon, this issue). Soil hydraulic and thermal properties were estimated a priori from a combination of laboratory measurements, models, and other published information. In the first simulation, the main drying curves were used to describe soil water retention, and hysteresis was ignored. Remarkable consistency was found between computed and measured water potentials and temperatures. Attenuation and phase shift of the seasonal cycle of water potentials below the shallow subsurface active zone (0.0- to 0.3-m depth) were similar to those of temperatures, suggesting that water potential fluctuations were driven primarily by temperature changes. Water fluxes in the upper 0.3 m of soil were dominated by downward and upward liquid fluxes that resulted from infiltration of rain and subsequent evaporation from the surface. Upward flux was vapor dominated only in the top several millimeters of the soil during periods of evaporation. Below a depth of 0.3 m, water fluxes varied slowly and were dominated by downward thermal vapor flux that decreased with depth, causing a net accumulation of water. In a second simulation, nonhysteretic water retention was instead described by the estimated main wetting curves; the resulting differences in fluxes were attributed to lower initial water contents (given fixed initial water potential) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities that were lower than they were in the first simulation. Below a depth of 0.3 m, the thermal vapor fluxes dominated and were similar to those in the first simulation. Two other simulations were performed, differing from the first only in the prescription of different (wetter) initial water potentials. These three simulations yielded identical solutions in the upper 0.2 m of soil after infiltration of summer rain; however, the various initial water potentials were preserved throughout the year at depths greater than 0.2 m. Comparison of all four simulations showed that the predominantly upward liquid fluxes below a depth of 0.2 m were very sensitive to the differences in water retention functions and initial water potentials among simulations, because these factors strongly affected hydraulic conductivities. Comparison of numerical modeling results with chemical tracer data showed that values of downward vapor flux below the surface evaporation zone were of the same order of magnitude as those previously estimated by analysis of depth distributions of bomb H-3 (volatile) and bomb Cl-36 (nonvolatile). C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP SCANLON, BR (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,BUR ECON GEOL,UNIV STN,BOX X,AUSTIN,TX 78713, USA. RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 31 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 721 EP 733 DI 10.1029/93WR03252 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NA853 UT WOS:A1994NA85300013 ER PT J AU BURR, DT SUDICKY, EA NAFF, RL AF BURR, DT SUDICKY, EA NAFF, RL TI NONREACTIVE AND REACTIVE SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN 3-DIMENSIONAL HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA - MEAN DISPLACEMENT, PLUME SPREADING, AND UNCERTAINTY SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; TRANSFORM GALERKIN TECHNIQUE; HALOGENATED ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LONG-TERM SORPTION; SAND AQUIFER; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; SPATIAL MOMENTS; MASS-TRANSPORT; TRACER TEST AB The field-scale transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes by groundwater in a statistically anisotropic aquifer is examined by means of high-resolution, three-dimensional numerical solutions of the steady state flow and transient advection-dispersion equations. The presence of physical and chemical heterogeneities in the aquifer media is modeled with the use of a geostatistical description of the hydraulic conductivity and chemical distribution coefficient. The geostatistical parameters describing the spatial variations of the log-transformed hydraulic conductivity fields, In [K(x)], are chosen to resemble those of the Borden aquifer. For sorbing solutes the spatial variation in the log-transformed distribution coefficient fields, ln [K(d)(x)], is generated so as to have a geometric mean and variance similar to that estimated by Durant (1986) for the organic chemical tetrachlorethane with Borden sand. It is further assumed that the In [K(x)] and In [K(d)(X)] fields are inversely correlated to each other and that they possess the same spatial correlation structure. Five realizations of media which incorporate these characteristics are generated by means of the Fourier spectral technique of Robin et al. (1993). It is shown that joint K(x) and K(d)(X) variability can impart a large-scale ''pseudokinetic'' behavior, in that the ensemble mean bulk retardation factor can increase with time and plume displacement distance, even though sorption is modeled as being linear and instantaneous at the scale of any single heterogeneity and the flow field is assumed to be steady state. From realization to realization, however, the apparent bulk retardation factor can either increase dramatically at early time in a manner similar to that observed by Roberts et al. (1986) during the Borden tracer test or it can decrease. At large time the ensemble mean velocity of the centroid of the reactive plume is close to a value given by the mean fluid velocity divided by the arithmetic mean of the locally variable retardation factors. Local-scale transport nonidealities, such as intraparticle diffusion and relatively rapid kinetic sorption, are shown to have minimal influence on the plume centroid velocity and macrodispersivity, relative to the effect of aquifer heterogeneity. The results of the numerical simulations further demonstrate that the first-order stochastic analyses of Gelhar and Axness (1983), Dagan (1988), and Naff (1990) tend to overestimate the actual field-scale longitudinal spreading of a nonreactive solute. This result is believed to occur because these analyses include the artificial effect of plume centroid dispersion about the ensemble mean position, in addition to the actual spreading of each plume realization about its center of mass. When the effect of plume centroid dispersion is added to the numerical simulation results, a reasonable agreement with the solution of Naff (1990), which takes into consideration local-scale dispersion, is obtained for the longitudinal macrodispersivity. In the transverse direction, the ensemble mean spreading agrees reasonably well with the solution of Dagan (1988). It is also shown that the longitudinal macrodispersivity of a reactive solute can be enhanced relative to that of a nonreactive one. Its actual value, however, is overpredicted by the first-order solution of Garabedian (1987) for the reasons given above. Also explored, in a preliminary fashion, are some issues related to prediction uncertainty for both reactive and nonreactive solutes migrating through heterogeneous aquifers. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV WATERLOO,WATERLOO CTR GROUNDWATER RES,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP BURR, DT (reprint author), WATER & EARTH SCI ASSOCIATES LTD,ST PAUL PL,KINGSTON K7M 7S4,ON,CANADA. NR 65 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 791 EP 815 DI 10.1029/93WR02946 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NA853 UT WOS:A1994NA85300019 ER PT J AU PIETZ, PJ KRAPU, GL AF PIETZ, PJ KRAPU, GL TI EFFECTS OF PREDATOR EXCLOSURE DESIGN ON DUCK BROOD MOVEMENTS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; ANAS-STREPERA; BEHAVIOR; BROOD; DUCKLING; EXCLOSURE; FENCE; GADWALL; MALLARD; PREDATOR ID NESTS RP PIETZ, PJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,ROUTE 1,BOX 96C,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA NA621 UT WOS:A1994NA62100005 ER PT J AU FLICKINGER, EL PENDLETON, GW AF FLICKINGER, EL PENDLETON, GW TI BIRD USE OF AGRICULTURAL FIELDS UNDER REDUCED AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE IN THE TEXAS PANHANDLE SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE BIRD ABUNDANCE; BIRD DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; FARMING PRACTICES; HERBICIDE; REDUCED TILLAGE; TEXAS ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WILDLIFE C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA NA621 UT WOS:A1994NA62100006 ER PT J AU MERRILL, EH HEMKER, TP WOODRUFF, KP KUCK, L AF MERRILL, EH HEMKER, TP WOODRUFF, KP KUCK, L TI IMPACTS OF MINING FACILITIES ON FALL MIGRATION OF MULE DEER SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE MIGRATION; MINING IMPACTS; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS C1 IDAHO DEPT FISH & GAME,SODA SPRINGS,ID 83276. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,YOUNG ADULT CONSERVAT CORPS,SODA SPRINGS,ID 83276. RI Merrill, Evelyn/N-5801-2015 OI Merrill, Evelyn/0000-0001-7737-958X NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA NA621 UT WOS:A1994NA62100011 ER PT J AU VECELLIO, GM YAHNER, RH STORM, GL AF VECELLIO, GM YAHNER, RH STORM, GL TI CROP DAMAGE BY DEER AT GETTYSBURG PARK SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CORN; CROP; DAMAGE; FOREST; NATIONAL PARK; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; WINTER WHEAT C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIV PK,PA 16802. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PENNS COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RI Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA NA621 UT WOS:A1994NA62100014 ER PT J AU SPARLING, DW KRAPU, GL AF SPARLING, DW KRAPU, GL TI COMMUNAL ROOSTING AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF STAGING SANDHILL CRANES SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DIURNAL ACTIVITY CENTERS; INFORMATION-CENTERS; SPRING MIGRATION; FEEDING ECOLOGY; PLATTE RIVER; HABITAT USE; HYPOTHESIS; MORTALITY; COLONIES; NEBRASKA AB Each spring more than 300,000 Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) roost communally at night in river channels in the Platte River Valley of Nebraska and disperse at dawn to forage in agricultural fields. Cranes with central roosts had activity ranges double the size of those with peripheral roosts; 42% of the birds changed activity ranges prior to the onset of migration. Minimum daily flight distance generally increased during the staging period. Cranes used native grassland and planted hayland more often than expected relative to their percentage of occurrence, and fed longest there; cornfields were under-utilized. These differences probably reflect, in part, (1) limited distribution of grasslands and haylands resulting in a greater energy expenditure to acquire protein in the form of macroinvertebrates and (2) wider distribution of cornfields with adequate energy-rich foods but limited protein. Cranes probably forage more efficiently and conserve energy by following conspecifics from communal roosts to local feeding grounds, by settling in fields where foraging flocks are already present, and by establishing diurnal activity centers. Alert behavior varied with flock size but not as predicted from group size, presumably because predation of staging adult cranes is inconsequential. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 1 BP 62 EP 77 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ290 UT WOS:A1994MZ29000007 ER PT J AU LUCCHITTA, BK ISBELL, NK HOWINGTONKRAUS, A AF LUCCHITTA, BK ISBELL, NK HOWINGTONKRAUS, A TI TOPOGRAPHY OF VALLES-MARINERIS - IMPLICATIONS FOR EROSIONAL AND STRUCTURAL HISTORY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID THARSIS REGION; MARS; DEPOSITS; PLANETS; ORIGIN AB Compilation of a simplified geologic/geomorphic map onto digital terrain models of the Valles Marineris permitted an evaluation of elevations in the vicinity of the troughs and the calculation of depth of troughs below surrounding plateaus, thickness of deposits inside the troughs, volumes of void spaces above geologic/geomorphic units, and volumes of deposits. The central roughs north Ophir, north and central Candor, and north Melas Chasmata lie as much as 11 km below the adjacent plateaus. In Ophir and Candor Chasmata, interior layered deposits reach 8 km in elevation. If the deposits are lacustrine and if all troughs were interconnected, lake waters standing 8 km high would have spilled out of Coprates Chasma onto the surrounding plateaus having surface elevations of only 4-5 km. In this case, interior deposits above about 4 km in the central troughs would not be lacustrine. They could be volcanic. On the other hand, the troughs may not have been interconnected at the time of interior-deposit emplacement; they may have formed isolated ancestral basins. The existence of such basins is supported by independent structural and stratigraphic evidence. The ancestral basins may have eventually merged, perhaps through renewed faulting, to form northern subsidiary troughs in Ophir and Candor Chasmata and the Coprates/north Melas/Ius graben system. The peripheral troughs are only 2-5 km deep, shallower than the central troughs. They may have formed from a combination of erosional collapse and structural activity. Chaotic terrain is been in the peripheral troughs near a common contour level of about 4 km on the adjacent plateaus, which supports the idea of release of water under artesian pressure from confined aquifers. The layered deposits in the peripheral troughs may have formed in isolated depressions that harbored lakes and predated the formation of the deep outflow channels. If these layered deposits are of volcanic origin, they may have been emplaced beneath ice in the manner of table mountains. Areal and volumetric computations show that erosion widened the troughs by about one-third and that deposits occupy one-sixth of the interior space. Even though the volume eroded is larger than the volume deposited, topographic and geologic considerations imply that material eroded from trough walls was probably part of the interior layered deposits but not their sole source. Additional material may have come from subterranean piping, from reworking of local disintegration products on the floors, such as chaotic materials, or from eolian influx. But overall it is likely that the additional material is volcanic and that it forms mostly the upper, more diversely, bedded layers of the interior deposits. RP LUCCHITTA, BK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,2255 N GEMINI DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 42 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 25 PY 1994 VL 99 IS E2 BP 3783 EP 3798 DI 10.1029/93JE03095 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ253 UT WOS:A1994MZ25300005 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC AF SAVAGE, JC TI PROBABILITY OF ONE OR MORE M GREATER-THAN 7 EARTHQUAKES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA IN 30 YEARS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Eight earthquakes of magnitude greater than or equal to seven have occurred in southern California in the past 200 years. If one assumes that such events are the product of a Poisson process, the probability of one or more earthquakes of magnitude seven or larger in southern California within any 30 year interval is 67% +/- 23% (95% confidence interval). Because five of the eight M greater-than-or-equal-to 7 earthquakes in southern California in the last 200 years occurred off of the San Andreas fault system, the probability of one or more M greater-than-or-equal-to 7 earthquakes in southern California but not on the San Andreas fault system occurring within 30 years is 52% +/- 27% (95% confidence interval). RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 4 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1029/94GL00190 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MY140 UT WOS:A1994MY14000019 ER PT J AU WEAVER, HA FELDMAN, PD AHEARN, MF ARPIGNY, C BROWN, RA HELIN, EF LEVY, DH MARSDEN, BG MEECH, KJ LARSON, SM NOLL, KS SCOTTI, JV SEKANINA, Z SHOEMAKER, CS SHOEMAKER, EM SMITH, TE STORRS, AD YEOMANS, DK ZELLNER, B AF WEAVER, HA FELDMAN, PD AHEARN, MF ARPIGNY, C BROWN, RA HELIN, EF LEVY, DH MARSDEN, BG MEECH, KJ LARSON, SM NOLL, KS SCOTTI, JV SEKANINA, Z SHOEMAKER, CS SHOEMAKER, EM SMITH, TE STORRS, AD YEOMANS, DK ZELLNER, B TI HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF COMET-P/SHOEMAKER-LEVY-9 (1993E) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIELD PLANETARY CAMERA AB The Hubble Space Telescope observed the fragmented comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1993e) (P indicates that it is a periodic comet) on 1 July 1993. Approximately 20 individual nuclei and their comae were observed in images taken with the Planetary Camera. After subtraction of the comae light, the 11 brightest nuclei have magnitudes between approximately 23.7 and 24.8. Assuming that the geometric albedo is 0.04, these magnitudes imply that the nuclear diameters are in the range approximately 2.5 to 4.3 kilometers. If the density of each nucleus is 1 gram per cubic centimeter, the total energy deposited by the impact of these 11 nuclei into Jupiter's atmosphere next July will be approximately 4 x 10(30) ergs (approximately 10(8) megatons of TNT). This latter number should be regarded as an upper limit because the nuclear magnitudes probably contain a small residual coma contribution. The Faint Object Spectrograph was used to search for fluorescence from OH, which is usually an excellent indicator of cometary activity. No OH emission was detected, and this can be translated into an upper limit on the water production rate of approximately 2 x 10(27) molecules per second. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ASTRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. STATE UNIV LIEGE,INST ASTROPHYS,B-4000 LIEGE,BELGIUM. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,COMP SCI CORP,ASTRON PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP WEAVER, HA (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,3700 SAN MARTIN DR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA. RI Noll, Keith/C-8447-2012; Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 NR 27 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 11 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5148 BP 787 EP 791 DI 10.1126/science.263.5148.787 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MV866 UT WOS:A1994MV86600028 PM 17770832 ER PT J AU DIETERICH, J AF DIETERICH, J TI A CONSTITUTIVE LAW FOR RATE OF EARTHQUAKE PRODUCTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO EARTHQUAKE CLUSTERING SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE NORMAL STRESS; ROCK FRICTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; FAULT STABILITY; SLIP; BEHAVIOR; AFTERSHOCKS; INSTABILITY; NUCLEATION; FORESHOCKS AB Seismicity is modeled as a sequence of earthquake nucleation events in which the distribution of initial conditions over the population of nucleation sources and stressing history control the timing of earthquakes. The model is implemented using solutions for nucleation of unstable fault slip on faults with experimentally derived rate- and state-dependent fault properties. This yields a general state-variable constitutive formulation for rate of earthquake production resulting from an applied stressing history. To illustrate and test the model some characteristics of seismicity following a stress step have been explored. It is proposed that various features of earthquake clustering arise from sensitivity of nucleation times to the stress changes induced by prior earthquakes. The model gives the characteristic Omori aftershock decay law and interprets aftershock parameters in terms of stress change and stressing rate. Earthquake data appear to support a model prediction that aftershock duration, defined as the time for rates to return to the background seismicity rate, is proportional to mainshock recurrence time. Observed spatial and temporal clustering of earthquake pairs arises as a consequence of the spatial dependence of stress changes of the first event of the pair and stress-sensitive time-dependent nucleation. Applications of the constitutive formulation are not restricted to the simple stress step models investigated here. It may be applied to stressing histories of arbitrary complexity. The apparent success at modeling clustering phenomena suggests the possibility of using the formulation to estimate short- to intermediate-term earthquake probabilities following occurrence of other earthquakes and for inversion of temporal variations of earthquake rates for changes in driving stress. RP DIETERICH, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS-977, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 49 TC 707 Z9 739 U1 9 U2 73 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B2 BP 2601 EP 2618 DI 10.1029/93JB02581 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW736 UT WOS:A1994MW73600004 ER PT J AU GOLDSTEIN, P CHOUET, B AF GOLDSTEIN, P CHOUET, B TI ARRAY MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING OF SOURCES OF SHALLOW VOLCANIC TREMOR AT KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WAVE-NUMBER METHODS; IZU-OSHIMA VOLCANO; RUPTURE PROPAGATION; SEISMIC SOURCE; DENSE ARRAY; EARTHQUAKES; FIELDS; REPRESENTATION; EXPLOSIONS; MECHANISM AB We show that resonances in near-surface layers (path effects), or a combination of near-surface resonances and source resonances (source effects), could be responsible for the sharp spectral peaks found in the records of gas-piston activity and volcanic tremor recorded near Puu Oo crater on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Two types of sources are found to be compatible with observations and can not be distinguished using our data. In one model, impulsive, explosion point sources are embedded in the Puu Oo structure. In the other model, impulsive, point sources of pressure excite the resonances of a fluid-filled crack embedded in that structure. Both models require shallow sources (z < 100 m) and display a strong dependence of the radiated spectrum on source depth over a depth range comparable to the overall thickness of the surficial layers. Based on these results, it may be possible to track changes in source depth through temporal changes in observed spectra, a potentially useful tool for monitoring volcanic activity at this site. We estimate the depth and spatial extent of volcanic tremor and gas-piston activity using two dense arrays with respective apertures of 800 and 120 m located near Puu Oo. Measurements of slowness (ray parameter) and azimuth as a function of time clearly indicate that the sources of volcanic tremor and gas-piston activity are located beneath or in close proximity to the Puu Oo crater at depths shallower than approximately 1 km. Based on slowness and particle motion analyses we find that the records of volcanic tremor and gas-piston events at Puu Oo consist of a complex combination of body and surface waves. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RP GOLDSTEIN, P (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV EARTH SCI, L-205, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 43 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B2 BP 2637 EP 2652 DI 10.1029/93JB02639 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW736 UT WOS:A1994MW73600006 ER PT J AU SIPKIN, SA REVENAUGH, J AF SIPKIN, SA REVENAUGH, J TI REGIONAL VARIATION OF ATTENUATION AND TRAVEL-TIME IN CHINA FROM ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE-SCS PHASES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE; UPPER MANTLE; TIBETAN PLATEAU; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; WESTERN PACIFIC; BENEATH; REVERBERATIONS; HETEROGENEITY; CRUST; DEFORMATION AB Long-period multiple-ScS waveforms from intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes surrounding China, recorded by the Chinese Digital Seismograph Network, are used to estimate the multiple-ScS attenuation operator and differential travel times using both frequency (phase equalization and stacking) and time domain (waveform inversion) techniques. Theoretical considerations, augmented by synthetic testing, indicate that for continental regions the frequency domain approach yields a more stable estimate of whole mantle attenuation (Q(ScS)) than the time domain approach, which is better for whole mantle travel time (tau(ScS)). When teamed together, the two afford unprecedented success with continental paths. The results, 16 path-averaged estimates of Q(ScS) and tau(ScS), constitute a significant addition to the catalog of multiple-ScS studies of subcontinental mantle and provide sufficiently dense coverage to invert ''path'' estimates of attenuation and travel time for ''regional'' quantities of direct tectonic relevance. Across the frequency band of 10 to 50 mHz we obtain high (>215) values of regionalized Q(ScS) for the Tarim platform and the fold systems of northeastern China and low (<170) values elsewhere on the continent, defining a pattern that is well correlated with present-day levels of tectonic activity. The corresponding two-way travel time residuals with respect to the Jeffreys-Bullen (J-B) tables, DELTAtau(ScS) (= tau(ScS) - 935.7 s), vary from -1.3 +/- 1.4 to +0.8 +/- 4.3 s and are typical of other ''fast'' continental regions. Unlike Q(ScS), DELTAtau(ScS) varies little from region to region and is correlated poorly with tectonic activity, indicating that Q(ScS) is much more sensitive to changes in the current tectonic environment. Offshore, DELTAtau(ScS) for the Sea of Japan is +2.7 +/- 3.6 s and for the combined East China and Philippine seas region is +9.6 +/- 2.7 s. The latter, very large residual Likely reflects the low velocities associated with back arc spreading. Throughout the study region, DELTAtau(ScS) correlates well with the residuals predicted by recent upper mantle tomographic models, although the observed variance exceeds the model predictions by roughly a factor of 3. C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, CRUSTAL IMAGING LAB, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. RP SIPKIN, SA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MAIL STOP 967, BOX 25046, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B2 BP 2687 EP 2699 DI 10.1029/93JB03106 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW736 UT WOS:A1994MW73600009 ER PT J AU BLAKELY, RJ AF BLAKELY, RJ TI EXTENT OF PARTIAL MELTING BENEATH THE CASCADE RANGE, OREGON - CONSTRAINTS FROM GRAVITY-ANOMALIES AND IDEAL-BODY THEORY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ISOSTATIC RESIDUAL GRAVITY; HEAT-FLOW; UNITED-STATES; VOLCANIC ARC; REGIONAL GRAVITY; CRATER LAKE; WASHINGTON; TEMPERATURES; TECTONICS; BODIES AB The spatial correlation between a horizontal gradient in heat flow and a horizontal gradient in residual gravity in the Western Cascades of central Oregon has been interpreted by others as evidence of the western edge of a pervasive zone of high temperatures and partial melting at midcrustal depths (5-15 km). Both gradients are steep and relatively linear over north-south distances in excess of 150 km. The Western Cascades gravity gradient is the western margin of a broad gravity depression over most of the Oregon Cascade Range, implying that the midcrustal zone of anomalous temperatures lies throughout this region. Ideal-body theory applied to the gravity gradient, however, shows that the source of the Western Cascades gravity gradient cannot be deeper than about 2.5 km and is considerably shallower in some locations. These calculations are unique determinations, assuming that density contrasts associated with partial melting and elevated temperatures in the crust do not exceed 500 kg m-3. Consequently, the gravity gradient and the heat flow gradient in the Western Cascades cannot be caused directly by the same source if the heat flow gradient originates at midcrustal depths. This conclusion in itself does not disprove the existence of a widespread midcrustal zone of anomalously high temperatures and partial melting in this area, but it does eliminate a major argument in support of its existence. The gravity gradient is most likely caused by lithologic variations in the shallow crust, perhaps reflecting a relict boundary between the Cascade extensional trough to the west and Tertiary oceanic crust to the west. The boundary must have formed prior to Oligocene time, the age of the oldest rocks that now conceal it. RP BLAKELY, RJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MS-989, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B2 BP 2757 EP 2773 DI 10.1029/93JB02803 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW736 UT WOS:A1994MW73600014 ER PT J AU IZETT, GA OBRADOVICH, JD AF IZETT, GA OBRADOVICH, JD TI AR-40/AR-39 AGE CONSTRAINTS FOR THE JARAMILLO NORMAL SUBCHRON AND THE MATUYAMA-BRUNHES GEOMAGNETIC BOUNDARY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS LASER; VOLCANIC FIELD; CALIBRATION; REVERSAL; BP; GEOCHRONOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; TIMESCALE; FELDSPAR; TUFFS AB Our mid-Pleistocene Ar-40/Ar-39 age recalibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale is nearly in accord with the oxygen isotope, climate record calibration of the astronomical timescale proposed by Johnson (1982) and Shackleton et al. (1990). Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of a normally magnetized rhyolite dome in the Valles caldera, northern Mexico, yielded a weighted-mean age of 1.004 +/- 0.019 Ma. A K-Ar age of 0.909 +/- 0.019 Ma for this rock by Doell and Dalrymple (1966) was the linchpin for the recognition and calibration of the Jaramillo Normal Subchron (JNS). Other Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from the Valles caldera and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of Ivory Coast tektites indicate that the JNS began at about 1.11 Ma and ended before 0.92 Ma, probably near 0.97 Ma. The Matuyama-Brunhes boundary occurred between 0.79 Ma and 0.76 Ma on the basis of Ar-40/Ar-39 sanidine ages from (1) three reversely magnetized rhyolite domes of the Valles caldera (0.793 +/- 0.018 Ma, 0.794 +/- 0.007 Ma, and 0.812 +/- 0.023 Ma) and pumice (0.789 +/- 0.006 Ma) from the reversely magnetized Oldest Toba Tuff of Sumatra and (2) pumice (0.764 +/- 0.005 Ma and 0.757 +/- 0.009 Ma) from the lower and upper units of the normally magnetized Bishop Tuff. The age of the boundary may be close to 0.77 Ma as deduced from rates of sedimentation in ancient Lake Bonneville, Utah. RP IZETT, GA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER FED CTR, MAILSTOP 913, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. NR 57 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B2 BP 2925 EP 2934 DI 10.1029/93JB03085 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW736 UT WOS:A1994MW73600024 ER PT J AU EITTREIM, SL GNIBIDENKO, H HELSLEY, CE SLITER, R MANN, D RAGOZIN, N AF EITTREIM, SL GNIBIDENKO, H HELSLEY, CE SLITER, R MANN, D RAGOZIN, N TI OCEANIC CRUSTAL THICKNESS AND SEISMIC CHARACTER ALONG A CENTRAL PACIFIC TRANSECT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SPREADING RATE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; IMAGES AB Seismic reflection data along a flow line of crustal generation in the central Pacific that spans ages of zero to 85 Ma and spreading half rates of 30 to 100 km m.y.-1 shows a nearly constant travel time of 2 s through igneous crust to reflection Moho. The highest-amplitude and most laterally continuous Moho reflections were recorded over 20-30 Ma crust that was emplaced at ''superfast'' (75-95 km m.y.-1) spreading rates. The superfast spread portion also records the lowest scatter about the 2-s average travel time to reflection Moho. Seismic images show that lower crustal reflectors dip consistently eastward toward the ridge crest. These dipping reflectors are truncated by the reflection Moho. C1 UNIV HAWAII, HAWAII INST GEOPHYS, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST MARINE GEOL & GEOPHYS, VLADIVOSTOK, RUSSIA. RP EITTREIM, SL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MS-999, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B2 BP 3139 EP 3145 DI 10.1029/93JB02967 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW736 UT WOS:A1994MW73600041 ER PT J AU HOSTETLER, SW GIORGI, F BATES, GT BARTLEIN, PJ AF HOSTETLER, SW GIORGI, F BATES, GT BARTLEIN, PJ TI LAKE-ATMOSPHERE FEEDBACKS ASSOCIATED WITH PALEOLAKES BONNEVILLE AND LAHONTAN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ICE-AGE; CLIMATE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION AB A high-resolution, regional climate model nested within a general circulation model was used to study the interactions between the atmosphere and the large Pleistocene lakes in the Great Basin of the United States. Simulations for January and July 18,000 years ago indicate that moisture provided by synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation features was the primary component of the hydrologic budgets of Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville. In addition, lake-generated precipitation was a substantial component of the hydrologic budget of Lake Bonneville at that time. This local lake-atmosphere interaction may help explain differences in the relative sizes of these lakes 18,000 years ago. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. UNIV OREGON, DEPT GEOG, EUGENE, OR 97403 USA. RP US GEOL SURVEY, 3215 MARINE ST, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; NR 21 TC 122 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 4 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5147 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.1126/science.263.5147.665 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MU964 UT WOS:A1994MU96400043 PM 17747662 ER PT J AU SCHMOKER, JW SCHENK, CJ AF SCHMOKER, JW SCHENK, CJ TI REGIONAL POROSITY TRENDS OF THE UPPER-JURASSIC-NORPHLET FORMATION IN SOUTHWESTERN ALABAMA AND VICINITY, WITH COMPARISONS TO FORMATIONS OF OTHER BASINS SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID SANDSTONE POROSITY; MOBILE BAY; PETROLEUM; PRESERVATION; STRATIGRAPHY; MISSISSIPPI; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; DIAGENESIS; COMPACTION AB Sandstone porosity of the Upper Jurassic Norphlet Formation in southwestern Alabama and vicinity decreases systematically as depth and thermal maturity increase over a wide range. Median porosity is about 25% where equivalent vitrinite reflectance (R(O)) is slightly over 0.7% in the northern part of the study area (Clarke County, Mississippi). Median porosity is reduced to 8% where R(O) approaches 2.7% in the southern part of the study area (state waters of Mobile Bay). Porosity of the cemented, tight zone at the top of the Norphlet in downdip locations is roughly 10% lower than porosities of facies underlying the tight zone, but nevertheless is slightly above the norm for other sandstones at similar R(O) levels. Porosity of dune facies is consistently 2-5% higher than that of interdune facies, other factors being equal. Our data show 3-6% higher porosity in chlorite-dominated intervals relative to intervals where illite is the dominant clay mineral. Norphlet porosity has little or no correlation with position relative to the present-day hydrocarbon-water contact. Based on comparisons at similar R(o) levels, median (50th-percentile) Norphlet porosity exceeds porosities of ''typical'' sandstones in other basins by more than a factor of two throughout the study area. Even the lower (10th-percentile) Norphlet porosities are higher than median porosities of sandstones in general. RP SCHMOKER, JW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 960,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 78 IS 2 BP 166 EP 180 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MW834 UT WOS:A1994MW83400002 ER PT J AU RUNNING, SW LOVELAND, TR PIERCE, LL AF RUNNING, SW LOVELAND, TR PIERCE, LL TI A VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION LOGIC-BASED ON REMOTE-SENSING FOR USE IN GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODELS SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; BIOME MODEL; CLIMATE; INDEX; ECOSYSTEM; BIOSPHERE AB A simple new classification logic for global vegetation is proposed. The critical features of this classification are that: it is based on simple, observable, unambiguous characteristics of vegetation structure that are important to ecosystem biogeochemistry and can be measured in the field for validation; the structural characteristics can be determined by remote sensing, so that repeatable and efficient global re-classifications of existing vegetation will be possible; and the defined vegetation classes directly translate into the biophysical parameters of interest by global climate and biogeochemical models. A first test of this logic for the continental United States is presented based on an existing 1 km Normalized Difference Vegetation Index database. Currently recognized global biome classes can easily be derived from this classification by adding climate descriptors and defining mixtures of these fundamental six vegetation classes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,EROS DATA CTR,SCI & APPLICAT BRANCH,SIOUX FALLS,SD 57198. RP RUNNING, SW (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,SCH FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 24 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NA336 UT WOS:A1994NA33600013 ER PT J AU LOVLEY, DR PHILLIPS, EJP AF LOVLEY, DR PHILLIPS, EJP TI REDUCTION OF CHROMATE BY DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS AND ITS C(3) CYTOCHROME SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; PSEUDOMONAS-AMBIGUA G-1; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; REDUCING STRAIN; URANIUM AB Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio vulgaris rapidly reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with H-2 as the electron donor. The c(3) cytochrome from this organism functioned as a Cr(VI) reductase. D. vulgaris may have advantages over previously described Cr(VI) reducers for the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated waters. RP LOVLEY, DR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 430,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 25 TC 248 Z9 264 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 726 EP 728 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MU322 UT WOS:A1994MU32200050 PM 16349200 ER PT J AU CLOW, DW INGERSOLL, GP AF CLOW, DW INGERSOLL, GP TI PARTICULATE CARBONATE MATTER IN SNOW FROM SELECTED SITES IN THE SOUTH-CENTRAL ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE EOLIAN; CALCITE; CHEMISTRY; DUST; ACID ID PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; CALCITE DISSOLUTION; SIERRA-NEVADA; ALPINE BASIN; WATER; KINETICS AB Trends in snow acidity reflect the balance between strong acid inputs and reactions with neutralizing materials. Carbonate dust can be an important contributor of buffering capacity to snow; however, its concentration in snow is difficult to quantify because it dissolves rapidly in snowmelt. In snow with neutral or acidic pH, most calcite would dissolve during sample melting if snow samples were processed using standard techniques. Here a method is described for separating particulate carbonate matter from snow. Snow samples were melted in solutions close to saturation with calcite, decreasing the dissolution rate by a factor of 100-200 compared with natural melting of snow. Particulate matter larger than 0.45 mum in diameter was then filtered from solution and analysed for carbonate content. Particulate carbonate matter concentrations are reported for 25 sites in the south-central Rocky Mountains. Results are compared with Ca2+ and H+ concentrations and regional trends are evaluated. In Colorado, mean particulate carbonate in snow was 43 mug kg-1 at sampling sites in the southern mountains and only 4 mug kg-1 at sites in the northern mountains. The higher calcite concentrations in the south probably are related to the proximity of sampling sites to major outcrops of limestone. Particulate carbonate at sampling sites in Utah and Wyoming ranged from 3-35 mug kg-1. The levels of particulate calcite measured in snow samples are sufficient to neutralize an average of 0.4 mueq H+ kg-1 snow. Strong acid anion concentrations in samples from east of Craig, Colorado, were 30-50% higher than in samples from the Colorado Front Range, but H+ concentrations were 400-600% higher east of Craig. Relatively low Ca2+ concentrations in the samples from east of Craig indicate that the difference in snow acidity was due mostly to lower concentrations of neutralizing materials. RP CLOW, DW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 415,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 4 BP 575 EP 584 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90033-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NR214 UT WOS:A1994NR21400001 ER PT J AU HUNTER, YR KUWABARA, JS AF HUNTER, YR KUWABARA, JS TI IONIC-STRENGTH AND DOC DETERMINATIONS FROM VARIOUS FRESH-WATER SOURCES TO THE SAN-FRANCISCO BAY SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ML036 UT WOS:A1994ML03600022 PM 8123994 ER PT J AU BOATWRIGHT, J AF BOATWRIGHT, J TI REGIONAL PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS AND SOURCE PARAMETERS OF EARTHQUAKES IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRONG GROUND MOTION; SHEAR-WAVES; ATTENUATION; AFTERSHOCKS; INVERSION; SPECTRA AB The vertical components of the S wave trains recorded on the Eastern Canadian Telemetered Network (ECTN) from 1980 through 1990 have been spectrally analyzed for source, site, and propagation characteristics. The data set comprises some 1033 recordings of 97 earthquakes whose magnitudes range from M almost-equal-to 3 to 6. The epicentral distances range from 15 to 1000 km, with most of the data set recorded at distances from 200 to 800 km. The recorded S wave trains contain the phases S, S(m)S, S(n), and L(g) and are sampled using windows that increase with distance; the acceleration spectra were analyzed from 1.0 to 10 Hz. To separate the source, site, and propagation characteristics, an inversion for the earthquake comer frequencies, low-frequency levels, and average attenuation parameters is alternated with a regression of residuals onto the set of stations and a grid of 14 distances ranging from 25 to 1000 km. The iteration between these two parts of the inversion converges in about 60 steps. The average attenuation parameters obtained from the inversion were Q = 1997 +/- 10 and gamma = 0.998 +/- 0.003. The most pronounced variation from this average attenuation is a marked deamplification of more than a factor of 2 at 63 km and 2 Hz, which shallows with increasing frequency and increasing distance out to 200 km. The site-response spectra obtained for the ECTN stations are generally flat. The source spectral shape assumed in this inversion provides an adequate spectral model for the smaller events (M(o) < 3 x 10(21) dyne-cm) in the data set, whose Brune stress drops range from 5 to 150 bars. For the five events in the data set with M(o) greater-than-or-equal-to 10(23) dyne-cm, however, the source spectra obtained by regressing the residuals suggest that an omega2 Spectrum is an inadequate model for the spectral shape. In particular, the comer frequencies for most of these large events appear to be split, so that the spectra exhibit an intermediate behavior (where \u(omega)\ is roughly proportional to omega). RP BOATWRIGHT, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300001 ER PT J AU SEEKINS, LC BOATWRIGHT, J AF SEEKINS, LC BOATWRIGHT, J TI GROUND MOTION AMPLIFICATION, GEOLOGY, AND DAMAGE FROM THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE IN THE CITY OF SAN-FRANCISCO SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOCAL GEOLOGY; BAY REGION AB Main shock and aftershock accelerograms from the Loma Prieta earthquake sequence are analyzed to study relative ground amplification at sites in the city of San Francisco. Main shock spectra are estimated for those stations that recorded only aftershocks by comparing their records to those from stations that recorded both. The ratios of the spectra with respect to a stable bedrock station located at Fort Mason show distinct spectral shapes that are strongly correlated with the rock type underlying the site. Earthquake damage is quantified using estimates of the Modified Mercalli Intensity at the recording sites and safety tags issued by the City of San Francisco Building Department. These intensities are compared with ground amplification in three frequency bands and with the intensities at the same sites from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. There is sufficient correlation to show that site amplification is one of the controlling factors in damage distribution. RP SEEKINS, LC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300002 ER PT J AU LIU, HP WARRICK, RE WESTERLUND, RE KAYEN, RE AF LIU, HP WARRICK, RE WESTERLUND, RE KAYEN, RE TI IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF SEISMIC SHEAR-WAVE ABSORPTION IN THE SAN-FRANCISCO HOLOCENE BAY MUD BY THE PULSE-BROADENING METHOD SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SATURATED ROCKS; ATTENUATION; SURFACE; SEDIMENTS; DRY AB By the pulse-broadening method, seismic absorption of San Francisco Holocene Bay Mud has been determined with the use of an impulsive shear-wave source at the surface, two receivers embedded in clay (Holocene Bay Mud), and digital seismic recording. The seismic anelastic quality factor is determined from 20 measurements to be 16.0 with a random error of +/- 0.9. Three sources of systematic error are examined. The fractional systematic error on the anelastic quality factor is estimated to be approximately 11 %. Details of experimental arrangement and error analysis are given. RP LIU, HP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300005 ER PT J AU GIBBS, JF BOORE, DM JOYNER, WB FUMAL, TE AF GIBBS, JF BOORE, DM JOYNER, WB FUMAL, TE TI THE ATTENUATION OF SEISMIC SHEAR-WAVES IN QUATERNARY ALLUVIUM IN SANTA-CLARA-VALLEY, CALIFORNIA SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTION; FRANCISCO-BAY; EARTHQUAKE; ANZA AB We used-shear waves, generated by an air-powered source at the ground surface and recorded in a borehole, to estimate the shear-wave quality factor at strong-motion station Gilroy no. 2. We find similar values of Q using both the decay of the spectra with depth and the slope of the spectral ratio at two depths; we find no evidence of a frequency dependence of Q. The mean value of Q over the depth range 10 to 115 m is close to 10. The use of this value over the depth of the borehole and the observed travel time of 0.358 sec gives a cumulative attenuation factor t* of 0.036 sec for the upper 180 m of the Quaternary alluvium. This is comparable to the differential decay between Gilroy no. 2 and a rock site 1.9 km away (Gilroy no. 1), as measured from the decay of the high-frequency spectra of accelerograms from large earthquakes, plotted on a log-linear scale: t* = 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03 sec for the 1979 Coyote Lake, 1984 Morgan Hill, and 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes, respectively. The similarity between the attenuations measured from the low-strain surface source and those from the larger amplitude earthquake sources suggests that increases of damping due to nonlinear wave propagation effects are limited. RP GIBBS, JF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 76 EP 90 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300006 ER PT J AU DVORAK, JJ KLEIN, FW SWANSON, DA AF DVORAK, JJ KLEIN, FW SWANSON, DA TI RELAXATION OF THE SOUTH FLANK AFTER THE 7.2-MAGNITUDE KALAPANA EARTHQUAKE, KILAUEA VOLCANO, HAWAII SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE DEFORMATION; RIFT ZONES; MAGMA AB An M = 7.2 earthquake on 29 November 1975 caused the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to move seaward several meters: a catastrophic release of compression of the south flank caused by earlier injections of magma into the adjacent segment of a rift zone. The focal mechanisms of the mainshock, the largest foreshock, and the largest aftershock suggest seaward movement of the upper block. The rate of aftershocks decreased in a familiar hyperbolic decay, reaching the pre-1975 rate of seismicity by the mid-1980s. Repeated rift-zone intrusions and eruptions after 1975, which occurred within 25 km of the summit area, compressed the adjacent portion of the south flank, apparently masking continued seaward displacement of the south flank. This is evident along a trilateration line that continued to extend, suggesting seaward displacement, immediately after the M = 7.2 earthquake, but then was compressed during a series of intrusions and eruptions that began in September 1977. Farther to the east, trilateration measurements show that the portion of the south flank above the aftershock zone, but beyond the area of compression caused by the rift-zone intrusions and eruptions, continued to move seaward at a decreasing rate until the mid-1980s, mimicking the decay in aftershock rate. Along the same portion of the south flank, the pattern of vertical surface displacements can be explained by continued seaward movement of the south flank and development of two eruptive fissures along the east rift zone, each of which extended from a depth of approximately 3 km to the surface. The aftershock rate and continued seaward movement of the south flank are reminiscent of crustal response to other large earthquakes, such as the 1966 M = 6 Parkfield earthquake and the 1983 M = 6.5 Coalinga earthquake. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV WASHINGTON,US GEOL SURVEY,DEPT GEOL SCI AJ-20,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP DVORAK, JJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300010 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, JC AF SAVAGE, JC TI EMPIRICAL EARTHQUAKE PROBABILITIES FROM OBSERVED RECURRENCE INTERVALS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Note AB The probability p that a given fault segment will rupture within a specified time T following the preceding rupture is evaluated empirically from a sample of observed recurrence intervals for that fault segment. All that is assumed is that the probability of rupture within the specified time interval is the same for all rupture cycles on that segment. Suppose that m of the n observed recurrence intervals correspond to cycles in which rupture occurred within the interval T following the preceding earthquake. The probability density that rupture in the current cycle will also fall within the interval T following the most recent earthquake is then given by the beta distribution P(p\m, n) = {(n + 1)!/[m!(n - m)!]}p(m)(1 - p)(n - m). The best estimate of the desired probability p is [p] = (m + 1)/(n + 2), and a measure of the breadth of the distribution is the standard deviation sigma = [[p] (I - [p])/(n + 3)]1/2. Because it is unlikely that the number n of observed recurrence intervals will be much greater than 10, the probability generally will not be defined more closely than +/-0.2. Moreover, increasing n decreases the uncertainty only very slowly. RP SAVAGE, JC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 977,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 219 EP 221 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300019 ER PT J AU FORSYTH, DA MILKEREIT, B DAVIDSON, A HANMER, S HUTCHINSON, DR HINZE, WJ MEREU, R AF FORSYTH, DA MILKEREIT, B DAVIDSON, A HANMER, S HUTCHINSON, DR HINZE, WJ MEREU, R TI SEISMIC IMAGES OF A TECTONIC SUBDIVISION OF THE GRENVILLE-OROGEN BENEATH LAKES ONTARIO AND ERIE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL METASEDIMENTARY BELT; REFLECTION DATA; THRUST ZONE; PROVINCE; APPALACHIANS; EXTENSION; MIDCONTINENT; CONSTRAINTS; FRONT AB New seismic data from marine air-gun and Vibroseis profiles in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie provide images of subhorizontal Phanerozoic sediments underlain by a remarkable series of easterly dipping reflections that extends from the crystalline basement to the lower crust. These reflections are interpreted as structural features of crustal-scale subdivisions within the Grenville Orogen. Broadly deformed, imbricated, and overlapping thrust sheets within the western Central Metasedimentary Belt are succeeded to the west by a complex zone of easterly dipping, apparent thrust faults that are interpreted as a southwest subsurface extension of the boundary zone between the Central Metasedimentary Belt and the Central Gneiss Belt. The interpreted Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary zone has a characteristic magnetic anomaly that provides a link from the adjacent ends of lakes Ontario and Erie to structures exposed 150 km to the north. Less reflective. west-dipping events are interpreted as structures within the eastern Central Gneiss Belt. The seismic interpretation augments current tectonic models that suggest the exposed ductile structures formed at depth as a result of crustal shortening along northwest-verging thrust faults. Relatively shallow reflections across the boundary region suggest local, Late Proterozoic extensional troughs containing post-Grenville sediments, preserved possibly as a result of pre-Paleozoic reactivation of basement structures. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO, LONDON N6A 5B7, ONTARIO, CANADA. RP FORSYTH, DA (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA, OTTAWA K1A 0Y3, ON, CANADA. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 229 EP 242 DI 10.1139/e94-023 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NL646 UT WOS:A1994NL64600002 ER PT J AU FORSYTH, DA MILKEREIT, B ZELT, CA WHITE, DJ EASTON, RM HUTCHINSON, DR AF FORSYTH, DA MILKEREIT, B ZELT, CA WHITE, DJ EASTON, RM HUTCHINSON, DR TI DEEP-STRUCTURE BENEATH LAKE-ONTARIO - CRUSTAL-SCALE GRENVILLE SUBDIVISIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; ADIRONDACK HIGHLANDS; REFLECTIONS; OROGEN; AGE; CONSTRAINTS; LOWLANDS; BOUNDARY; ORIGIN; FIELD AB Lake Ontario marine seismic data reveal major Grenville crustal subdivisions beneath central and southern Lake Ontario separated by interpreted shear zones that extend to the lower crust. A shear zone bounded transition between the Elzevir and Frontenac terranes exposed north of Lake Ontario is linked to a seismically defined shear zone beneath central Lake Ontario by prominent aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies, easterly dipping wide-angle reflections, and fractures in Paleozoic strata. We suggest the central Lake Ontario zone represents crustal-scale deformation along an Elzevir-Frontenac boundary zone that extends from outcrop to the south shore of Lake Ontario. Seismic images from Lake Ontario and the exposed western Central Metasedimentary Belt are dominated by crustal-scale shear zones and reflection geometries featuring arcuate reflections truncated at their bases by apparent east-dipping linear reflections. The images show that zones analogous to the interpreted Grenville Front Tectonic Zone are also present within the Central Metasedimentary Belt and support models of northwest-directed crustal shortening for Grenvillian deep crustal deformation beneath most of southeastern Ontario. A Precambrian basement high, the Iroquoian high, is defined by a thinning of generally horizontal Paleozoic strata over a crestal area above the basement shear zone beneath central Lake Ontario. The Iroquoian high helps explain the peninsular extension into Lake Ontario forming Prince Edward County, the occurrence of Precambrian inlier outcrops in Prince Edward County, and Paleozoic fractures forming the Clarendon-Linden structure in New York. C1 MINIST NO DEV & MINES, SUDBURY P3E 6B5, ON, CANADA. US GEOL SURVEY, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA. RP FORSYTH, DA (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY CANADA, OTTAWA K1A 0Y3, ON, CANADA. RI Zelt, Colin/A-2555-2011; OI Zelt, Colin/0000-0002-4686-9460; Easton, Robert Michael/0000-0001-6550-0004 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 255 EP 270 DI 10.1139/e94-025 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NL646 UT WOS:A1994NL64600004 ER PT J AU REA, BA DAVIS, JA WAYCHUNAS, GA AF REA, BA DAVIS, JA WAYCHUNAS, GA TI STUDIES OF THE REACTIVITY OF THE FERRIHYDRITE SURFACE BY IRON ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE AND MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE ADSORPTION; ARSENATE; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; FERRIHYDRITE; IRON OCTAHEDRA; MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY; REACTIVE SITES; SOLUBILITY; SURFACE CHEMISTRY ID REVISED STRUCTURAL MODEL; X-RAY ABSORPTION; NATURAL FERRIHYDRITES; OXIDES; SORPTION; SPECTRUM AB Two-line ferrihydrite is an important adsorbent of many toxics in natural and anthropogenic systems; however, the specific structural sites responsible for the high adsorption capacity are not well understood. A combination of chemical and spectroscopic techniques have been employed in this study to gain further insight into the structural nature of sites at the ferrihydrite surface. The kinetics of iron isotopic exchange demonstrated that there are at least two types of iron sites in ferrihydrite. One population of sites, referred to as labile sites, approached iron isotopic equilibrium within 24 hr in Fe-59-NTA solutions, while the second population of sites, referred to as non-labile, exhibited a much slower rate of isotopic exchange. Adsorbed arsenate reduced the degree of exchange by labile sites, indicating that the anion blocked or greatly inhibited the rate of exchange of these sites. Mossbauer spectra were collected from a variety of samples including Fe-56-ferrihydrite samples with Fe-57 in labile sites, samples containing Fe-57 throughout the structure, and samples with Fe-57 in non-labile sites. The spectra showed characteristic broad doublets signifying poor structural order. Refined fits of the spectra indicated that labile sites have larger quadrupole splitting, hence more local distortion, than non-labile sites. In all cases, the spectra demonstrated some degree of asymmetry, indicating a distribution of Fe environments in ferrihydrite. Overall spectral findings, combined with recent EXAFS results (Waychunas et al., 1993), indicate that labile sites likely are more reactive (with respect to iron isotopic exchange) because they have fewer neighboring Fe octahedra and are therefore bound less strongly to the ferrihydrite structure. The labile population of sites probably is composed of end sites of the dioctahedral chain structure of 2-line ferrihydrite, which is a subset of the entire population of surface sites. Mossbauer spectra of samples containing adsorbed arsenate indicated that the anion may slightly decrease the distortion of labile sites and stabilized the structure as a whole by bidentate bonding. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,SERV WATER RESOURCES,MENLO PK,CA 94025. STANFORD UNIV,CTR MAT RES,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP REA, BA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,3215 MARINE ST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420104 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA NH880 UT WOS:A1994NH88000004 ER PT J AU POLLASTRO, RM AF POLLASTRO, RM TI CLAY DIAGENESIS AND MASS-BALANCE - THE FOREST AND THE TREES SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Note DE BULK ROCK; CLAY FRACTIONS; DIAGENESIS; GULF COAST SHALES; SMECTITE ILLITIZATION; XRD ID GULF-COAST; SMECTITE; MECHANISM; ILLITE; SHALES; TEXAS RP POLLASTRO, RM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 960,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420112 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA NH880 UT WOS:A1994NH88000012 ER PT J AU KORK, JO AF KORK, JO TI JKPLOT VERSION-200 - A DEVICE-INDEPENDENT PLOTTING SYSTEM WRITTEN IN QUICKBASIC FOR AN IBM PC SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE GRAPHICS; PLOTTING; IBM COMPATIBLE AB Version 2.0 of JKPLOT is a simple, device-independent plotting system that can provide a base for building plotting facilities tailored to the needs of geologists. The programs were written in Microsoft QuickBasic for use on equipment compatible with an IBM personal computer. The system provides subroutines and functions for plotting in both 2 and 3 dimensions with the capability for making scaled plots with annotated axes. Plot output can be directed to the PC screen, an Epson printer, any HPGL pen plotter, or an HP laser printer. The user's documentation and program diskettes of the JKPLOT system are available from U.S. Geological Survey Open File Services. RP KORK, JO (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,POB 25046,MS-937,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 20 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/0098-3004(94)90093-0 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA NH453 UT WOS:A1994NH45300004 ER PT J AU CHAVEZRAMIREZ, F GAWLIK, DE PRIETO, FG SLACK, RD AF CHAVEZRAMIREZ, F GAWLIK, DE PRIETO, FG SLACK, RD TI EFFECTS OF HABITAT STRUCTURE ON PATCH USE BY LOGGERHEAD SHRIKES WINTERING IN A NATURAL GRASSLAND SO CONDOR LA English DT Note DE CONSERVATION; HABITAT USE; LANIUS-LUDOVICIANUS; LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE; MANAGEMENT; PERCH ID ABUNDANCE C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MATAGORDA ISL NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,AUSTWELL,TX 77950. RP CHAVEZRAMIREZ, F (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1994 VL 96 IS 1 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.2307/1369086 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MZ189 UT WOS:A1994MZ18900029 ER PT J AU CARTER, V GAMMON, PT GARRETT, MK AF CARTER, V GAMMON, PT GARRETT, MK TI ECOTONE DYNAMICS AND BOUNDARY DETERMINATION IN THE GREAT DISMAL SWAMP SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ECOTONE; FORESTED WETLAND; HYDROLOGY; HYDROPHYTES; ORDINATION; SOILS; WETLAND BOUNDARY ID WETLAND AB Data on hydrogeology, soils, and vegetation collected on four transects across the 48-km wetland-to-upland transition zone of the Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia/ North Carolina, USA, were used to analyze changes along the moisture/elevation gradient, to characterize the wetland-upland ecotone, and to select tentative wetland-upland boundaries based on these three parameters. Transition zone vegetation was dominated by three facultative hydrophytes: Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Nyssa sylvatica. On the basis of ordination performed on consecutive 25-m transect increments, each transect was divided into three zones: wetland, ecotone, and upland. The water table was within the root zone (0-30 cm below the ground surface) an average of 25-100% of the growing season at all well sites in wetland, <25-100% for most well sites in the ecotone, and <25-50% for well sites in upland. Soils were hydric in the wetland and ecotone, and histosols were found only in the wetland zone. Soils were generally nonhydric in the upland zone. Wetland boundaries determined on the basis of each parameter differed; they were within 38 m horizontal distance and 1.1 m vertical distance on the transects where all three boundaries could be determined. These boundaries were relatively close considering the length of the transects, the coarse resolution of the soils and hydrology data, and certain assumptions made during the analysis. On one of the remaining transects, the hydrology and soils boundaries differed by > 100 m horizontal distance and 0.4 m vertical distance. Only a vegetation boundary was established on the fourth transect. RP CARTER, V (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 430,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.2307/1942128 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU605 UT WOS:A1994MU60500020 ER PT J AU GADOMSKI, DM MESA, MG OLSON, TM AF GADOMSKI, DM MESA, MG OLSON, TM TI VULNERABILITY TO PREDATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES OF EXPERIMENTALLY DESCALED JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; SCALE LOSS; CORTISOL; OSMOREGULATION; PERFORMANCE CAPACITY; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS ID YEARLING COHO SALMON; CORTISOL CONCENTRATION; SMALLMOUTH BASS; HANDLING STRESS; COLUMBIA RIVER; BROWN TROUT; TRUTTA-L; KISUTCH; SURVIVAL; PLASMA AB Juvenile salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., commonly encounter conditions (e.g., during hatchery release and dam passage) that result in damage to the skin, scale, and slime complex. We conducted laboratory experiments to determine if descaling of juvenile chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha, increased their vulnerability to predation, and to assess the physiological stress responses elicited by descaling. Salmon were experimentally descaled on either 10% or 20% of their total body area. When offered equal numbers of control and descaled juvenile chinook salmon, northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis, did not consume significantly more of either prey type (48-60% of consumed prey were descaled). Juvenile chinook salmon descaled on 10% of their body area did show significant physiological stress responses, however. Mean concentrations of plasma cortisol peaked 1 h after descaling, and returned to control levels by 12 h. Plasma glucose peaked 3 h posttreatment and remained elevated for 24 h. Plasma lactate increased immediately following treatment and returned to undisturbed control levels by 3 h. The osmoregulatory response of plasma potassium was highly variable, but plasma sodium decreased immediately and remained low for 24 h. The observed physiological responses suggest that descaling of juvenile chinook salmon could result in decreased resistance to disease and other stressors encountered in the field, possibly leading to reduced performance capacity and lowered survival. RP GADOMSKI, DM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR SEATTLE,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1007/BF00004937 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MX384 UT WOS:A1994MX38400011 ER PT J AU CHARBONNEAU, CS DROBNEY, RD RABENI, CF AF CHARBONNEAU, CS DROBNEY, RD RABENI, CF TI EFFECTS OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR ISRAELENSIS ON NONTARGET BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN A LENTIC HABITAT AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICACY OF THE LARVICIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE VECTOBAC-G(R); TOXICITY TESTS; CHIRONOMIDAE; MOSQUITOS; EFFICACY ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; SEROTYPE H-14; SEROVAR ISRAELENSIS; MOSQUITOS; DIPTERA; FIELD; SPHAERICUS; CULICIDAE; FORMULATIONS; PERSISTENCE AB Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac G(R)) on waterfowl macroinvertebrate food resources at the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge,Bloomington, Minnesota. Laboratory toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of environmental variables (e.g., temperature and depth). The EC50 was 0.20 ppm for Chironomus riparius. Field studies evaluated the effects of three applications at 5.6 kg/ha on benthic communities during the spring and summer of 1989, and three experiments with one application of 5.6 kg/ha and 28.1 kg/ha during the spring and summer of 1990. Benthic invertebrates were sampled before each application of Vectobac-G and at 48 h after application. There was no reduction of the major taxa found in the ponds that could be accounted for by the treatments. However, results from laboratory toxicity tests conducted with field-collected Chironomidae indicated that these organisms were affected at 5.6 and 28.1 kg/ha. Further toxicity tests using Chironomus riparius determined that various environmental variables influenced the efficacy of Vectobac-G, including temperature, larval instar, water depth, and water surface area coverage by macrophytes. This study indicates that chironomids (a major waterfowl food source) are adversely affected by Vectobac-G under a controlled laboratory situation; however, environmental factors reduce the efficacy of the larvicide in the field. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MISSOURI COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP CHARBONNEAU, CS (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 68 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 2 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[267:EOBTVI]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MV349 UT WOS:A1994MV34900011 ER PT J AU TYSKLIND, M TILLITT, D ERIKSSON, L LUNDGREN, K RAPPE, C AF TYSKLIND, M TILLITT, D ERIKSSON, L LUNDGREN, K RAPPE, C TI A TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR SCALE FOR POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARA-DIOXINS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; AHH INDUCTION; FACTORS TEFS; PCDFS; BINDING; LIMITATIONS; VALIDATION; CONGENERS; PROTEIN AB The ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction of 20 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was examined in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. The selection of the compounds tested was based on a multivariate chemical characterization laying the groundwork for covering the whole chemical series of PCDFs. The EROD induction potency was found to vary in ED50 values from 25 to 100,000,000 pg/mg, i.e., nearly seven orders of magnitude. The response of the bioassay was calibrated against the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, enabling the corresponding toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) to be calculated. In order to establish a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for the TEF values, 37 physicochemical descriptor variables were used to chemically characterize the 87 tetra- to octachlorinated PCDFs. Using partial least-squares modeling on a training set of 10 congeners, a QSAR model with sound predictive power was obtained. The QSAR model was validated with a validation set of additional 10 congeners. The predicted TEFs indicate that a large number of congeners are potent EROD inducers. (C) 1994 Society of Toxicology. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. UMEA UNIV,RES GRP CHEMOMETR,S-90187 UMEA,SWEDEN. RP TYSKLIND, M (reprint author), UMEA UNIV,INST ENVIRONM CHEM,S-90187 UMEA,SWEDEN. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1006/faat.1994.1031 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MZ249 UT WOS:A1994MZ24900012 PM 8005379 ER PT J AU MASTIN, LG AF MASTIN, LG TI EXPLOSIVE TEPHRA EMISSIONS AT MOUNT ST-HELENS, 1989-1991 - THE VIOLENT ESCAPE OF MAGMATIC GAS FOLLOWING STORMS SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON; ERUPTIONS; DACITE; CRYSTALLIZATION AB From 24 August 1989 until 18 June 1991, Mount St. Helens produced at least 28 shallow, explosion-like seismic events with signatures similar to those produced by gas explosions on the dome during the mid 1980s. At least six were accompanied by violent emission of non-juvenile tephra, ejection of blocks of rock nearly 1 km from the vent, and avalanching of debris off the north side of the dome. Four produced no emission of tephra, and the remainder occurred when the crater could not be observed (although later crater visits found no new tephra deposits). All six confirmed emissions and most (although not all) other seismic events took place hours to days after storms. Over time periods ranging from 2 to 15 days, statistical goodness of fit tests give a probability of 1 x 10(-2) to 1 x 10(-5) that the precipitation prior to emissions was fortuitously greater than normal. Similar tests for precipitation prior to all 28 events give probabilities of 3 x 10(-2) to 1 x 10(-3). The short delay between storms and emissions suggests that the events that follow storms originate at very shallow depth, probably within the dome itself. Although the exact causal mechanism is not known, it is speculated that slope instability or accelerated growth of cooling fractures following storms may have released gas trapped within or at the base of the dome. Of the events that did not follow storms, three were located seismically between 1.4 and 2.1 km depth. Thus the events as a group are not confined to shallow depth and probably record gas transport from a deeper, magmatic source. A deep source is also suggested by an unprecedented, 4-yr-long increase in background seismicity at 2- to 9-km depth that peaked in 1989 and 1990. Calculations indicate that the energy content of gas exsolved from the crystallizing conduit was probably sufficient to power the emissions. RP MASTIN, LG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 106 IS 2 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0175:ETEAMS>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MV540 UT WOS:A1994MV54000002 ER PT J AU MUFFLER, LJP CLYNNE, MA CHAMPION, DE AF MUFFLER, LJP CLYNNE, MA CHAMPION, DE TI LATE QUATERNARY NORMAL FAULTING OF THE HAT CREEK BASALT, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CASCADE RANGE; VOLCANO AB The Hat Creek fault is a major, young, north-striking, normal fault along the western boundary of extensional Basin and Range deformation in the Lassen region of northeastern California. Volcanic rocks of Quaternary and late Pliocene age are displaced a total of > 500 m down to the west along west-facing, en echelon scarps now retreated to similar to 35 degrees slopes. Fresh, young scarps as much as 30 m high cut the Hat Creek Basalt (erupted between 15 and similar to 40 ka) a few tens of meters west of the retreated scarps. Prior to the late 1980s, these young scarps were interpreted as lava slump scarps formed as the Hat Creek Basalt ponded against the older fault scarps and then drained away to the northwest. Numerous pieces of geologic evidence, however, show that the young scarps formed after the Hat Creek Basalt solidified and cooled and are true fault features formed by the youngest displacements of the Hat Creek fault. Structural details are remarkably well preserved along the series of left-stepping scarps cutting the Hat Creek Basalt, Near the central parts of individual segments, the fault is displayed as a Single, vertical scarp. Near the ends of the segments, the scarp decreases in height and becomes a monoclinal flexure on which the recent dip separation has been taken up by small-scale offset along columnar cooling joints in the basalt. These monoclinal flexures commonly rotate into east-west monoclines that join adjacent north-south segments. Displacement of outwash gravel overlying the Hat Creek Basalt shows that vertical separation on the Hat Creek fault has averaged similar to 1.3 mm yr(-1) for the past 15,000 yr. The Hat Creek fault thus represents a potential earthquake hazard, despite the low level and diffuse nature of modern seismicity in the region. RP MUFFLER, LJP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 106 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MV540 UT WOS:A1994MV54000004 ER PT J AU TABOR, RW AF TABOR, RW TI LATE MESOZOIC AND POSSIBLE EARLY TERTIARY ACCRETION IN WESTERN WASHINGTON-STATE - THE HELENA-HAYSTACK MELANGE AND THE DARRINGTON-DEVILS MOUNTAIN FAULT ZONE SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC RIM COMPLEX; NORTH CASCADES; NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; IGNEOUS ROCKS; TECTONICS; HISTORY AB The Helena-Haystack melange (HH melange) and coincident Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone (DDMFZ) in northwestern Washington separate two terranes, the Northwest Cascade System (NWCS) and the western and eastern melange belts (WEMB). The two terranes of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks superficially resemble each other but record considerable differences in structural and metamorphic history. The HH melange is a serpentinite-matrix melange containing blocks of adjacent terranes but also exotic blocks of schistose metavolcanic rocks and Jurassic tonalite and associated amphibolite. The HH melange must have formed between early Cretaceous and late middle Eocene time, because it contains tectonic clasts of early Cretaceous Shuksan Greenschist and is overlain by late middle Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Less certain constraints on its age are a tectonic clast of metarhyolite that yields 90 Ma metamorphic ages and the presumption that the melange was emplaced before the outboard Olympic terrane arrived at about 50 Ma. The apparent continuity of the HH melange and the Decatur terrane of the San Juan Islands suggests that the melange is the strongly tectonized equivalent of the Fidalgo ophiolite. The outcrop pattern suggests that the HH melange overlies rocks of the NWCS and it may have formed when the WEMB terranes were thrust over rocks of the NWCS. Much of the exposed belt of the HH melange is overlain by late middle Eocene feldspathic sandstone and volcanic rocks of the Barlow Pass Volcanics of Vance (1957a), which are cut by numerous faults of the DDMFZ paralleling the melange. The Barlow Pass Volcanics appear to overlie the Straight Creek fault without large offset, but a displaced exotic block of amphibolite with attached early or early middie Eocene(?) sandstone in the melange suggests that strike-slip movement along the DDMFZ was synchronous with movement on the Straight Creek fault, and stretched cobbles in the conglomerates of the Barlow Pass Volcanics suggest post-Straight Creek movement. The possible continuation of the DDMFZ to the northwest as the San Juan and the West Coast faults on Vancouver Island suggests that the structre has had a major role in the emplacement of all the westernmost terranes in the Pacific Northwest. This major suture is strongly bowed to the northeast opposite the great oroclinal bend of the Olympic terrane, suggesting that the emplacement of that terrane may have deformed a once straighter shike-slip zone.- RP TABOR, RW (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 975,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 119 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 106 IS 2 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0217:LMAPET>2.3.CO;2 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MV540 UT WOS:A1994MV54000006 ER PT J AU CLARK, PU WALDER, JS AF CLARK, PU WALDER, JS TI SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE, ESKERS, AND DEFORMING BEDS BENEATH THE LAURENTIDE AND EURASIAN ICE SHEETS SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FORMED STRAIGHT RIVERS; STREAM-B; EQUILIBRIUM BANKS; MOBILE BED; DYNAMICS; DEFORMATION; CANADA; RECONSTRUCTION; SEDIMENTATION; WATERWAYS AB Glaciological theory predicts that the subglacial drainage network at the base of gently sloping ice sheets resting on deforming sediment should consist of many wide, shallow, probably braided ''canals'' distributed along the ice-sediment interface, rather than an arborescent network of relatively few large tunnels, as would develop over a rigid substrate. A corollary prediction examined here is that eskers, which form in large subglacial tunnels, should be rare where subglacial bed deformation occurred, but they may be relatively common where the bed was rigid. Bed deformation would be most likely where subglacial till was relatively continuous, fine-grained, and of low permeability-that is, in regions where till is derived primarily from underlying sedimentary bedrock-but unlikely where discontinuous, coarse-grained, high-permeability till was derived from underlying crystalline bedrock The observed distribution of eskers in areas covered by the Laurentide and Eurasian (British, Scandinavian, and Barents Sea) ice sheets during the last glaciation shows that most eskers occur over crystalline bedrock overlain by discontinuous, high-permeability till, but are rare or absent over sedimentary bedrock overlain by fine-grained, low-permeability till, thus matching reasonably well our prediction. Glaciological theory and geologic evidence indicate that esker systems on a subcontinental scale are time-transgressive. Sedimentological evidence for a ''canal'' drainage system appears to be present in fine-grained tills where eskers are largely absent. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV,VANCOUVER,WA 98661. RP CLARK, PU (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOSCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 91 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 35 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 106 IS 2 BP 304 EP 314 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1994)106<0304:SDEADB>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MV540 UT WOS:A1994MV54000012 ER PT J AU MUELLER, PA HEATHERINGTON, AL WOODEN, JL SHUSTER, RD NUTMAN, AP WILLIAMS, IS AF MUELLER, PA HEATHERINGTON, AL WOODEN, JL SHUSTER, RD NUTMAN, AP WILLIAMS, IS TI PRECAMBRIAN ZIRCONS FROM THE FLORIDA BASEMENT - A GONDWANAN CONNECTION SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; TERRANES; SUPERCONTINENT; EVOLUTION; SUBSURFACE AB A Gondwanan origin for the pre-Cretaceous basement of Florida is suggested by U-Pb ages of 515 to 2860 Ma for single zircons separated from subsurface samples of lower Paleozoic sandstone of the Suwannee basin (Alachua County, Florida) and Neoproterozoic Osceola granite (Osceola County, Florida). Forty individual grains analyzed by SHRIMP ion microprobe yielded ages from 515 to 2860 Ma; ages >1000 Ma were predominantly concordant. Two principal populations are evident: (1) 515 to 637 Ma (avg. = 574 Ma; Pb-206/U-238 ages) and (2) 1967 to 2282 Ma (avg. = 2130 Ma; Pb-207/Pb-206 ages). Only six zircons were recovered from the granite; four are Pan-African and two are Archean. For the sandstone, the similarity between the Sm-Nd model age (1245 Ma) and the average of the single zircon ages (1326 Ma) suggests that these zircons are chronologically representative of the aggregate provenance of the sandstone. The two dominant zircon age groupings correspond chronologically to the Pan-African and Birimian or Eburnian (Africa) and to the Brasiliano and Trans-Amazonian (South America) orogenic cycles. The presence of detritus from rocks of these two orogenic cycles clearly places the basement of Florida in Gondwanaland proximal to the West African and/or Trans-Amazonian-San Luis cratons in the early Paleozoic, a location it probably shared with other circum-Atlantic exotic terranes (Avalonian, Cadomian, and/or Carolina). C1 US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, DEPT GEOG & GEOL, OMAHA, NE 68182 USA. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV, RES SCH EARTH SCI, CANBERRA, ACT, AUSTRALIA. RP UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT GEOL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RI Williams, Ian/F-4302-2012; Mueller, Paul/B-3974-2013; OI Williams, Ian/0000-0003-4465-6493; Mueller, Paul/0000-0003-2608-193X NR 39 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0119:PZFTFB>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MV539 UT WOS:A1994MV53900006 ER PT J AU CANNON, WF AF CANNON, WF TI CLOSING OF THE MIDCONTINENT RIFT - A FAR-FIELD EFFECT OF GRENVILLIAN COMPRESSION SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SUPERIOR; SEISMIC-REFLECTION; KEWEENAW PENINSULA; SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; ONTARIO; BELT AB The Midcontinent rift formed in the Laurentian supercontinent between 1109 and 1094 Ma. Soon after rifting, stresses changed from extensional to compressional, and the central graben of the riff was partly inverted by thrusting on original extensional faults. Thrusting culminated at about 1060 Ma but may have begun as early as 1080 Ma. On the southwest-trending arm of the rift, the crust was shortened about 30 km; on the southeast-trending arm, strike-slip motion was dominant. The rift developed adjacent to the tectonically active Grenville province, and its rapid evolution from an extensional to a compressional feature at ca. 1080 Ma was coincident with renewal of northwest-directed thrusting in the Grenville, probably caused by continent-continent collision. A zone of weak lithosphere created by rifting became the locus for deformation within the otherwise strong continental lithosphere. Stresses transmitted from the Grenville province utilized this weak zone to close and invert the riff. RP CANNON, WF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOOP 954,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 1994 VL 22 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0155:COTMRA>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MV539 UT WOS:A1994MV53900015 ER PT J AU JARCHOW, CM CATCHINGS, RD LUTTER, WJ AF JARCHOW, CM CATCHINGS, RD LUTTER, WJ TI LARGE-EXPLOSIVE SOURCE, WIDE-RECORDING APERTURE, SEISMIC PROFILING ON THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU, WASHINGTON SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PASSCAL OUACHITA EXPERIMENT; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; SEDIMENTATION; VELOCITIES; INVERSION; YAKIMA; BASIN AB Clear subsurface seismic images have been obtained at low cost on the Columbia Plateau, Washington. The Columbia Plateau is perhaps the most notorious of all ''bad-data'' areas because large impedance contrasts in surface flood basalts severely degrade the seismic wavefield. This degradation was mitigated in this study via a large-explosive source, wide-recording aperture shooting method. The shooting method emphasizes the wide-angle portion of the wavefield, where Fermat's principle guarantees reverberation will not interfere with the seismic manifestations of crucial geologic interfaces. The basalt diving wave, normally discarded in standard common midpoint (CMP) seismic profiling, can be used to image basalt velocity structure via traveltime inversion. Maximum depth-penetration of the diving wave tightly constrains basalt-sediment interface depth. An arrival observed only at shot-receiver offsets greater than 15 km can be used to determine the velocity and geometry of basement via simultaneous inversion. The results from this study suggest that previous geologic hypotheses and hydrocarbon play concepts for the Columbia Plateau may have been in error. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 49 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1190/1.1443588 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MW764 UT WOS:A1994MW76400009 ER PT J AU MARSH, SP AF MARSH, SP TI EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material RP MARSH, SP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25046,MS 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MU616 UT WOS:A1994MU61600025 ER PT J AU BACK, W AF BACK, W TI HYDROGEOLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material RP BACK, W (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MU616 UT WOS:A1994MU61600026 ER PT J AU RYAN, MP AF RYAN, MP TI IGNEOUS PETROLOGY SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material RP RYAN, MP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MS 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MU616 UT WOS:A1994MU61600037 ER PT J AU WOODWARD, D AF WOODWARD, D TI CONTRIBUTIONS TO A SHALLOW AQUIFER STUDY BY REPROCESSED SEISMIC SECTIONS FROM PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION SURVEYS, EASTERN ABU-DHABI, UNITED-ARAB-EMIRATES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OMAN; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION AB The US Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Drilling Company of Abu Dhabi, is conducting a 4-year study of the fresh and slightly saline groundwater resources of the eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate. Most of this water occurs in a shallow aquifer, generally less than 150 m deep, in the Al Ain area. A critical part of the Al Ain area coincides with a former petroleum concession area where about 2780 km of vibroseis data were collected along 94 seismic lines during 1981-1983. Field methods, acquisition parameters, and section processing were originally designed to enhance reflections expected at depths ranging from 5000 to 6000 m, and subsurface features directly associated with the shallow aquifer system were deleted from the original seismic sections. The original field tapes from the vibroseis survey were reprocessed in an attempt to extract shallow subsurface information (depths less than 550 m) for investigating the shallow aquifer. A unique sequence of reprocessing parameters was established after reviewing the results from many experimental tests. Many enhancements to the resolution of shallow seismic reflections resulted from: (1) application of a 20-Hz, low-cut filter, (2) recomputation of static corrections to a datum nearer the land surface; (3) intensive velocity analyses; and (4) near-trace muting analyses. The number, resolution, and lateral continuity of shallow reflections were greatly enhanced on the reprocessed sections, as was the delineation of shallow, major faults. Reflections on a synthetic seismogram, created from a borehole drilled to a depth of 786 m on seismic line IQS-11, matched precisely with shallow reflections on the reprocessed section. The 33 reprocessed sections were instrumental in preparing a map showing the major structural features that affect the shallow aquifer system. Analysis of the map provides a better understanding of the effect of these shallow features on the regional occurrence, movement, and quality of groundwater in the concession area. Results from this study demonstrate that original seismic field tapes collected for deep petroleum exploration can be reprocessed to explore for groundwater. RP WOODWARD, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0926-9851(94)90062-0 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MX670 UT WOS:A1994MX67000021 ER PT J AU CHAPELLIER, D FITTERMAN, D DESTADELHOFEN, CM PARASNIS, DS STEEPLES, DW VALLA, P AF CHAPELLIER, D FITTERMAN, D DESTADELHOFEN, CM PARASNIS, DS STEEPLES, DW VALLA, P TI GEOPHYSICS AND ENVIRONMENT - INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM HELD 14, 15 AND 16 APRIL 1993 AT THE UNIVERSITY-OF-LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. LULEA UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT APPL GEOPHYS,S-97187 LULEA,SWEDEN. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT GEOL,LAWRENCE,KS 66047. BGRM,F-45090 ORLEANS,FRANCE. RP CHAPELLIER, D (reprint author), INST GEOPHYS,BFSH2,1015 DORIGNYNTO,LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9851 J9 J APPL GEOPHYS JI J. Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 31 IS 1-4 BP R7 EP R7 DI 10.1016/0926-9851(94)90042-6 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA MX670 UT WOS:A1994MX67000001 ER PT J AU WAHL, KL AF WAHL, KL TI EVALUATION OF SUPERCRITICAL SUBCRITICAL FLOWS IN HIGH-GRADIENT CHANNEL - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP WAHL, KL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 1994 VL 120 IS 2 BP 270 EP 272 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:2(270) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MT458 UT WOS:A1994MT45800011 ER PT J AU FRIDRICH, CJ DUDLEY, WW STUCKLESS, JS AF FRIDRICH, CJ DUDLEY, WW STUCKLESS, JS TI HYDROGEOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF THE SATURATED-ZONE GROUNDWATER SYSTEM, UNDER YUCCA MOUNTAIN, NEVADA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK AB The configuration of the southward-sloping water table under Yucca Mountain is dominated by an abrupt decline of 300 m over a distance of less than 2 km. This northeast-striking zone of large hydraulic gradient (of 0.15 or more) separates an area of moderate gradient (of about 0.015) to the north from an area of very small gradient (0.0001) to the south. The position of the large gradient does not correlate well with any evident geologic feature in the upper 0.5 km of the mountain, but we suggest that buried geologic features are present that can explain all the geohydrologic observations. The three areas of differing hydraulic gradient under Yucca Mountain are parts of hydrogeologic domains that extend more than 70 km to the northeast. On a regional basis, the moderate and very small gradients generally correspond to areas underlain by exceptionally thick Tertiary volcanic sections and a highly transmissive Paleozoic carbonate aquifer, respectively. The regional large gradient and water-table decline are spatially associated with a contact in the Paleozoic rocks between clastic rocks and carbonates. This contact marks a large abrupt drop in the effective base of the hydrologic system because it is the upgradient boundary of the deep carbonate aquifer, which has a thickness of 5 km. An aeromagnetic high follows the regional-scale domain of large gradient under northern Yucca Mountain from outcrops of a magnetite-bearing clastic confining unit to the east, indicating that the regional correlation of the steep water-table decline with the upgradient boundary of the deep carbonate aquifer may extend to Yucca Mountain. Five additional features may be related to an explanation for the large hydraulic gradient: (1) anomalously low heat flow has been measured deep in the volcanic section south of the water-table decline, suggesting underflow of cool water in the deep carbonate aquifer; (2) the lower tuff sequence, of 0.5-1 km in thickness, which underlies most of Yucca Mountain, is largely replaced in the volcanic section by lavas in the area of the large gradient; (3) an analysis of the hydrogeology of the tuff section under Yucca Mountain indicates that transmissivity in the tuffs increases to the south; (4) a northeast-trending gravity low is present immediately south of the water-table decline; (5) units in the lower part of the volcanic section are 50-100% thicker in the area of the gravity low than to the north and south. The abrupt stratigraphic thickening into the area of the gravity low indicates that the low represents a buried graben with its northern bounding fault centered beneath the abrupt water-table decline. These geologic features of the zone of large gradient under Yucca Mountain suggest two possible hydrogeologic models. First, the northern bounding fault of the buried graben may provide a highly permeable pathway (a drain) through the brittle lavas in the lower part of the volcanic section under northern Yucca Mountain. The drain would allow flow from the tuff aquifer north of the decline to be captured by the deep carbonate aquifer, resulting in the heat-flow low, the abrupt water-table decline, and the transition to a very small hydraulic gradient. Alternatively, the northern bounding fault of the buried graben may be the effective northern limit of the tuff aquifer under Yucca Mountain because of the permeability in the tuffs north of the fault may have been diminished by hydrothermal alteration. In this second model, the large gradient marks the point where the small southward flow of water through the altered volcanic rocks to the north abruptly drops into the tuff aquifer. In either case, heads in the tuff aquifer in the area of very small gradient may be regulated partly by upward flow from the deep carbonate aquifer. This upward flow under southern Yucca Mountain is indicated by linear thermal highs along fault zones, by ground-water isotopic data suggesting inmixing of waters from the deep carbonate aquifer into the tuff aquifer, and by the upward hydraulic gradient found in a drill hole that penetrates the deep carbonate aquifer under southern Yucca Mountain. RP FRIDRICH, CJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MS 425,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90215-1 PG 36 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MZ157 UT WOS:A1994MZ15700007 ER PT J AU MCMURRY, ST LOCHMILLER, RL BOGGS, JF LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM AF MCMURRY, ST LOCHMILLER, RL BOGGS, JF LESLIE, DM ENGLE, DM TI DEMOGRAPHIC-PROFILES OF POPULATIONS OF COTTON RATS IN A CONTINUUM OF HABITAT TYPES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; HERBICIDE; FIRE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; MONOCOTS; DICOTS ID TEXAS COASTAL PRAIRIE; SIGMODON-HISPIDUS; SYMPATRIC RODENTS; RESPONSES AB We examined temporal relationships between characteristics of populations of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and vegetative characteristics of habitats following secondary succession of post oak (Quercus stellata)-blackjack (Q. marilandica) savannas in central Oklahoma. Successional changes in vegetation were induced on manipulated habitats by one of two herbicides (tebuthiuron, triclopyr) applied in 1983 and used in combination with or without annual prescribed burning during 1985 to 1988. Relative population density (animals caught per 100 trapnights) and percentage of reproductively active adult females (lactating or pregnant) were significantly greater on manipulated habitats dominated by monocots (grasses) than on habitats with monocots and dicots or undisturbed controls. Herbaceous dicots also influenced the density of cotton rats, especially in 1986; relative density peaked on all manipulated habitats following a peak in production of herbaceous dicots in 1985. Nutritional quality of herbaceous vegetation may have been enhanced by annual burning; relative densities and proportions of juveniles in the trapable population were higher in burned than in unburned habitats. This observation was most pronounced in 1986, when herbaceous dicots comprised a greater proportion of the primary production, than in 1987 or 1988. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OKLAHOMA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES UNIT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP MCMURRY, ST (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 75 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.2307/1382235 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MX241 UT WOS:A1994MX24100008 ER PT J AU NAKADA, S BACON, CR GARTNER, AE AF NAKADA, S BACON, CR GARTNER, AE TI ORIGIN OF PHENOCRYSTS AND COMPOSITIONAL DIVERSITY IN PRE-MAZAMA RHYODACITE LAVAS, CRATER LAKE, OREGON SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALCALKALINE MAGMA CHAMBER; FE-TI OXIDES; MOUNT-MAZAMA; OXYGEN FUGACITY; CALC-ALKALINE; INCLUSIONS; PETROLOGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; CALDERA AB Phenocrysts in porphyritic volcanic rocks may originate in a variety of ways in addition to nucleation and growth in the matrix in which they are found. Porphyritic rhyodacite lavas that underlie the eastern half of Mount Mazama, the High Cascade andesite/dacite volcano that contains Crater Lake caldera, contain evidence that bears on the general problem of phenocryst origin. Phenocrysts in these lavas apparently formed by crystallization near the margins of a magma chamber and were admixed into convecting magma before eruption. About 20 km3 of pre-Mazama rhyodacite magma erupted during a relatively short period between approximately 400 and 500 ka; exposed pre-Mazama dacites are older and less voluminous. The rhyodacites formed as many as 40 lava domes and flows that can be assigned to three eruptive groups on the basis of composition and phenocryst content. Phenocryst abundance decreases (from 32 to 8 vol.%) and SiO2 content increases (from 68 to 73 wt.%) in the apparent order of eruption. Phenocrysts (plagioclase, orthopyroxene, augite, and Fe-Ti oxides) are commonly fragmental or form polycrystalline aggregates with interstitial glass. Discrete phenocrysts with complete euhedral outlines are rare except for small elongated crystals. The abundance of discrete phenocrysts increases with that of aggregates. The grain-size of minerals in the aggregates covers the range of discrete phenocrysts (0.2-4.2 mm). Rim compositions of phenocrysts and the range of chemical zoning are almost uniform among the three rhyodacite groups, regardless of whether crystals are discrete or in aggregates. However, a small fraction of phenocrysts, especially small elongated crystals, have different compositions: plagioclase with Fe-rich cores and augite with Wo-poor cores, both of which are characteristic of crystals in undercooled andesite enclaves in the rhyodacites. The majority of phenocrysts were derived by disintegration of polycrystalline aggregates; rare, small phenocrysts crystallized in andesitic magma similar to that represented by the andesite enclaves. The modal and chemical compositions of the rhyodacites can be explained by different degrees of admixing of crystals, represented by the aggregates, into magma having less-than-or-equal-to 4 vol.% 'true' phenocrysts, mainly plagioclase. The aggregates may be parts of the rind formed by in situ crystallization near the wall and roof of the magma chamber. The rind was disrupted during or just before eruption, and pieces were variably disaggregated and incorporated into erupting magma. The amount of rind incorporated declined during the sequence of eruptions. Owing to vesiculation of interstitial liquid and shearing during flow, crystals in the aggregates were separated and became phenocrysts. Pre-Mazama rhyodacite was erupted dominantly as lava, as opposed to the compositionally similar rhyodacite pumice of the Holocene caldera-forming eruption of Mount Mazama, apparently because its source chamber was crystallizing inward rather than actively growing. C1 KYUSHU UNIV,FAC SCI 33,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,FUKUOKA 812,JAPAN. RP NAKADA, S (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 40 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 35 IS 1 BP 127 EP 162 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ND627 UT WOS:A1994ND62700004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DH HASELTINE, SD COWARDIN, LM AF JOHNSON, DH HASELTINE, SD COWARDIN, LM TI WILDLIFE HABITAT MANAGEMENT ON THE NORTHERN PRAIRIE LANDSCAPE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Management-Institutes 58th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MANAGEMENT INST AB The northern prairie landscape has changed dramatically within the past century as a result of settlement by Europeans. Natural ecosystems have been disrupted and wildlife populations greatly altered. Natural resource agencies control only limited areas within the landscape, which they cannot manage independently of privately owned lands. Wildlife managers need first to set quantifiable objectives, based on the survival, reproduction, and distribution of wildlife. Second, they need to build public support and partnerships for meeting those objectives. Finally, they need to evaluate progress not only with respect to attitudes of the public and partners but, more importantly, of the wildlife response. This paper describes some useful tools for managing information at all phases of this process. We follow by discussing management options at a landscape level. Examples are given that involve agency lands as well as private lands, managed for biological resources and diversity as well as economic sustainability. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FT SNELLING,MN 55111. RP JOHNSON, DH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 5 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90039-6 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NA386 UT WOS:A1994NA38600002 ER PT J AU FRITTS, SH BANGS, EE GORE, JF AF FRITTS, SH BANGS, EE GORE, JF TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF WOLF RECOVERY TO HABITAT CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY IN THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Management-Institutes 58th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MANAGEMENT INST AB Gray wolves were systematically and fervently eliminated from the northwestern United States between the mid-1800s and early 1900s. Wolves disappeared from lower elevations first and generally persisted longer in more remote, mountainous areas. Preservation of large tracts of public land, primarily for commodity use, at the tum of the century, had the unforeseen effect of allowing conditions for wolf recovery to occur later. Improving attitudes toward the species and the recovery of ungulate prey populations from their tum of the century lows are the proximate factors making wolf recovery possible in areas with vast public lands. Planners for wolf recovery in the Northern Rockies identified three areas for wolf recovery, northwestern Montana, central Idaho, and the Greater Yellowstone area, because they consisted primarily of national parks, designated wilderness, and national forests. Those areas had previously been designated as public lands largely because they were too unproductive for agriculture; they consist in part of high elevation habitat that supports relatively few prey for wolves in winter. So far, recolonizing wolves have settled in lower elevation habitats where deer and elk are most abundant. Since private lands are most often in these lower elevations, they may be more important to the recovery and maintenance of viable wolf populations than was earlier envisioned. The negative symbolic nature of the wolf was a major factor in its eradication and continues to be a major factor in considerations of reintroduction and natural recolonization; the newer positive symbolic nature of the animal will ultimately facilitate its return and contribute indirectly toward long-term conservation of wild spaces and biodiversity in North America. C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. RP FRITTS, SH (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ECOL SERV,HELENA,MT 59601, USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90040-X PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NA386 UT WOS:A1994NA38600003 ER PT J AU MCCABE, TR AF MCCABE, TR TI ASSESSING VALUES OF ARCTIC WILDLIFE AND HABITAT SUBJECT TO POTENTIAL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Management-Institutes 58th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MANAGEMENT INST ID CALVING SITES; CARIBOU; SELECTION; HERD AB The National Wildlife Refuge system of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is predicated on the principle of conserving and perpetuating the natural diversity and abundance of wildlife and wildlands. The prospect of petroleum development on the 1002 area of the 10 000 km2 pristine coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been a contentious national issue. The FWS assessed the habitat and its constituent wildlife species to determine potential impacts from this development. As part of the assessment effort, research was conducted on the 163 000 member porcupine caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herd, its primary predator at calving, brown bear (Ursus arctos), and the vegetation communities on the coastal plain. We found the traditional calving area within the 1002 area had significantly greater forage species availability and nutrient quality than areas peripheral to the 1002 area. Increased post-perinatal, predator-related mortality has been associated with the foothills and mountains adjacent to the 1002 area. Displacement of the calving caribou from the 1002 area would mean a lesser abundance of high quality forage for calving cows, and calves would be subjected to a potentially higher predation risk. These factors could have a negative impact on the population dynamics of the Porcupine herd. If petroleum development were authorized on the 1002 area of ANWR, the challenge for the FWS will be to assure that the dynamics of the tundra ecosystem are adequately understood and to conserve the abundance and diversity of natural wildlife populations and their habitat. RP MCCABE, TR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90041-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NA386 UT WOS:A1994NA38600004 ER PT J AU HAUKOS, DA SMITH, LM AF HAUKOS, DA SMITH, LM TI THE IMPORTANCE OF PLAYA WETLANDS TO BIODIVERSITY OF THE SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Management-Institutes 58th North-American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP MANAGEMENT INST ID RING-NECKED PHEASANT; TEXAS HIGH-PLAINS; LAKE BASINS; NEW-MEXICO; HERBIVORY; MOVEMENTS AB We describe the landscape of the Southern High Plains, including the important remaining native feature of the area; playa wetlands. Playas are ephemeral wetlands on the prairie occupying approximately 2% of the landscape. Playas recharge the Ogallala aquifer, are incorporated in farming irrigation systems, and represent the predominant wildlife habitat of the area. The importance of playas to mammalian, avian, other vertebrate, invertebrate, and floral biodiversity is detailed. Potential threats to playas are described and include chemical contamination, physical modification, and grazing. Recommended avenues for conservation of playas include nationwide recognition of the importance of playas, increased emphasis on basic research, and development of management plans for landscape biodiversity. RP HAUKOS, DA (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 83 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 6 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(94)90046-9 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA NA386 UT WOS:A1994NA38600009 ER PT J AU DEWEVER, P BOURGOIS, J CAULET, JP FOURTANIER, E BARRON, J DUMITRICA, P AF DEWEVER, P BOURGOIS, J CAULET, JP FOURTANIER, E BARRON, J DUMITRICA, P TI STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SILICEOUS MICROFOSSILS COLLECTED DURING NAUTIPERC DIVES (OFF PERU, 5-DEGREES-6-DEGREES-S) SO MARINE MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRILLING PROGRAM LEG-112; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; CONVERGENT MARGIN; TECTONIC EROSION; RADIOLARIAN ASSEMBLAGES; PACIFIC; OCEAN; HISTORY; TRENCH; REGIME AB The geological evolution of the northern Peru convergent margin can be traced using samples collected during deep-sea dives of the submersible Nautile. In the Paita area (5 degrees-6 degrees S), the sedimentary sequence was intensively sampled along the main scarp of the middle slope area. It consists of Upper Miocene (7-9 Ma) to Pleistocene siltstone, sandstone and rare dolostone. The age distribution of these samples is the basis for a new geologic interpretation of the multichannel seismic line CDP3. Siliceous microfossils (both diatoms and radiolarians) show influence of both cold and temperate waters (local species mixed with upwelling ones). Diatom assemblages studied from the NP1-13 and NP1-15 dives bear a strong resemblance to assemblages from the Pisco Formation of southern Peru. Micropaleontological data from siliceous microfossils, provide evidence for two main unconformities, one is at the base of the Quaternary sequence and the other corresponds to a hiatus of 1 Myr, separating the Upper Miocene (7-8 Ma) sediments from uppermost Miocene (5-6 Ma) sediments. During the past 400 kyr, a wide rollover fold developed in the middle slope area associated with a major seaward dipping detachment fault. A catastrophic debris avalanche occurred as the result of an oversteepening of the landward flank of the rollover fold. The gravity failure of the slope, recognized by SeaBEAM and hydrosweep mapping, displaced enough material to produce a destructive tsunami which occurred 13.8 +/- 2.7 kyr ago. C1 MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,CNRS,F-75231 PARIS,FRANCE. CALIF ACAD SCI,DEPT INVERTEBRATE ZOOL & GEOL,DIATOM COLLECT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIL,INST GEOL & PALEONTOL,CH-1015 LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. RP DEWEVER, P (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,INSU,CNRS,URA 1761,DEPT GEOL SEDIMENTAIRE,CASE 117,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8398 J9 MAR MICROPALEONTOL JI Mar. Micropaleontol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 305 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA QL898 UT WOS:A1994QL89800005 ER PT J AU DEAN, WE GARDNER, JV ANDERSON, RY AF DEAN, WE GARDNER, JV ANDERSON, RY TI GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR ENHANCED PRESERVATION OF ORGANIC-MATTER IN THE OXYGEN MINIMUM ZONE OF THE CONTINENTAL-MARGIN OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; CARBON PRESERVATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; CURRENT SYSTEM; WATER; PRODUCTIVITY; PYROLYSIS; HOLOCENE; OCEANS; ROCKS AB The present upper water mass of the northeastern Pacific Ocean off California has a well-developed oxygen minimum zone between 600 and 1200 m wherein concentrations of dissolved oxygen are less than 0.5 mL/L. Even at such low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, benthic burrowing organisms are abundant enough to thoroughly bioturbate the surface and nearsurface sediments. These macro organisms, together with micro organisms, also consume large quantities of organic carbon produced by large seasonal stocks of plankton in die overlying surface waters, which are supported by high concentrations of nutrients within the California Current upwelling system. In contrast to modem conditions of bioturbation, laminated sediments are preserved in upper Pleistocene sections of cores collected on the continental slope at water depths within the present oxygen minimum zone from at least as far north as the California-Oregon border and as far south as Point Conception. Comparison of sediment components in the laminae with those delivered to sediment traps as pelagic marine ''snow'' demonstrates that the dark-light lamination couplets are indeed annual (varves). These upper Pleistocene varved sediments contain more abundant lipid-rich 'sapropelic'' (type II) organic matter than the overlying bioturbated, oxidized Holocene sediments. The baseline of stable carbon isotopic composition of the organic matter in these slope cores does not change with time, indicating that the higher concentrations of type II organic matter in the varved sediments represent better preservation of organic matter rather than any change in the source of organic matter. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY PHYS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP DEAN, WE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 58 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD FEB PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 47 EP 61 DI 10.1029/93PA02829 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA MV943 UT WOS:A1994MV94300004 ER PT J AU ALBERTE, RS SUBA, GK PROCACCINI, G ZIMMERMAN, RC FAIN, SR AF ALBERTE, RS SUBA, GK PROCACCINI, G ZIMMERMAN, RC FAIN, SR TI ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SEAGRASS POPULATIONS USING DNA-FINGERPRINTING - IMPLICATIONS FOR POPULATION STABILITY AND MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HYPERVARIABLE MINISATELLITE DNA; EELGRASS; POPULATION GENETICS; GENE FLOW; MARINE MACROPHYTE ID ZOSTERA-MARINA L; CHESAPEAKE BAY; L EELGRASS; DECLINE; GROWTH AB Populations of the temperate seagrass, Zostera marina L. (eelgrass), often exist as discontinuous beds in estuaries, harbors, and bays where they can reproduce sexually or vegetatively through clonal propagation. We examined the genetic structure of three geographically and morphologically distinct populations from central California (Elkhorn Slough, Tomales Bay, and Del Monte Beach), using multilocus restriction fragment length polymorphisms (DNA fingerprints). Within-population genetic similarity (S(w)) values for the three eelgrass populations ranged from 0.44 to 0.68. The Tomales Bay population located in an undisturbed, littoral site possessed a within-population genetic similarity (S(w) = 0.44) that was significantly lower than those of the other two populations. Cluster analysis identified genetic substructure in only the undisturbed subtidal population (Del Monte Beach). Between-population similarity values (S(b)) for all pairwise comparisons ranged from 0.47 to 0.51. The three eelgrass populations show significantly less between locale genetic similarity than found within populations, indicating that gene flow is restricted between locales even though two of the populations are separated by only 30 km. The study demonstrates that (i) natural populations of Z. marina from both disturbed and undisturbed habitats possess high genetic diversity and are not primarily clonal, (ii) gene flow is restricted even between populations in dose proximity, (iii) an intertidal population from a highly disturbed habitat shows much lower genetic diversity than an intertidal population from an undisturbed site, and (iv) DNA fingerprinting techniques can be exploited to understand gene flow and population genetic structure in Z. marina, a widespread and ecologically important species, and as such are relevant to the management of this coastal resource. C1 STAZ ZOOL ANTON DOHRN, LAB ECOL BENTHOS, I-80077 ISCHIA, ITALY. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NAT FORENS LAB, ASHLAND, OR 97520 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. RP ALBERTE, RS (reprint author), OFF NAVAL RES, MOLEC CELL & ENVIRONM BIOL PROGRAM, ARLINGTON, VA 22217 USA. RI Procaccini, Gabriele/A-6618-2010 OI Procaccini, Gabriele/0000-0002-6179-468X NR 34 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1049 EP 1053 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.3.1049 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MV278 UT WOS:A1994MV27800047 PM 11607458 ER PT J AU COPLEN, TB AF COPLEN, TB TI REPORTING OF STABLE HYDROGEN, CARBON, AND OXYGEN ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCES SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS AB To eliminate possible confusion in the reporting of isotopic abundances on non-corresponding scales, the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances recommended at the 37th General Assembly at Lisbon, Portugal that (i) H-2/H-1 relative ratios of all substances be expressed relative to VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) on a scale such that H-2/H-1 of SLAP (Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) is 0.572 times that of VSMOW, (ii) C-13/C-12 relative ratios of all substances be expressed relative to VPDB (Vienna Peedee belemnite) on a scale such that C-13/C-12 of NBS 19 carbonate is 1.00195 times that of VPDB, and (iii) O-18/O-16 ratios of all substances be expressed relative to either VSMOW or VPDB on scales such that O-18/O-16 of SLAP is 0.9445 times that of VSMOW. RP COPLEN, TB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 9 TC 391 Z9 397 U1 3 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1351/pac199466020273 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA NE479 UT WOS:A1994NE47900008 ER PT J AU COLE, RB STANLEY, RG AF COLE, RB STANLEY, RG TI SEDIMENTOLOGY OF SUBAQUEOUS VOLCANICLASTIC SEDIMENT GRAVITY FLOWS IN THE NEOGENE SANTA-MARIA BASIN, CALIFORNIA SO SEDIMENTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC EQUIVALENCE; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; LOSPE FORMATION; LOWER MIOCENE; GRAIN-FLOW; DEPOSITS; SIZE; ORIGIN; QUARTZ; WATER AB Subaqueous tuff deposits within the lower Miocene Lospe Formation of the Santa Maria Basin, California, are up to 20 m thick and were deposited by high density turbidity flows after large volumes of ash were supplied to the basin and remobilized. Tuff units in the Lospe Formation include a lower lithofacies assemblage of planar bedded tuff that grades upward into massive tuff, which in turn is overlain by an upper lithofacies assemblage of alternating thin bedded, coarse grained tuff beds and tuffaceous mudstone. The planar bedded tuff ranges from 0.3 to 3 m thick and contains 1-8 cm thick beds that exhibit inverse grading, and low angle and planar laminations. The overlying massive tuff ranges from 1 to 10 m thick and includes large intraclasts of pumiceous tuff and stringers of pumice grains aligned parallel to bedding. The upper lithofacies assemblage of thin bedded tuff ranges from 0-4 to 3 m thick; individual beds are 6-30 cm thick and display planar laminae and dewatering structures. Pumice is generally concentrated in the upper halves of beds in the thin bedded tuff interval. The association of sedimentary structures combined with semi-quantitative analysis for dispersive and hydraulic equivalence of bubble-wall vitric shards and pumice grains reveals that particles in the planar bedded lithofacies are in dispersive, not settling, equivalence. This suggests deposition under dispersive pressures in a tractive flow. Grains in the overlying massive tuff are more closely in settling equivalence as opposed to dispersive equivalence, which suggests rapid deposition from a suspended sediment load. The set of lithofacies that comprises the lower lithofacies assemblage of each of the Lospe Formation tuff units is analogous to those of traction carpets and subsequent suspension sedimentation deposits often attributed to high density turbidity flows. Grain distributions in the upper thin bedded lithofacies do not reveal a clear relation for dispersive or settling equivalence. This information, together with the association of sedimentary features in the thin bedded lithofacies, including dewatering structures, suggests a combination of tractive and liquefied flows. Absence of evidence for elevated emplacement temperatures (e.g. eutaxitic texture or shattered crystals) suggests emplacement of the Lospe Formation tuff deposits in a cold state closely following pyroclastic eruptions. The tuff deposits are not only a result of primary volcanic processes which supplied the detritus, but also of processes which involved remobilization of unconsolidated ash as subaqueous sediment gravity flows. These deposits provide an opportunity to study the sedimentation processes that may occur during subaqueous volcaniclastic flows and demonstrate similarities with existing models for sediment gravity flow processes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP COLE, RB (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT GEOL SCI,ROCHESTER,NY 14627, USA. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0037-0746 J9 SEDIMENTOLOGY JI Sedimentology PD FEB PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1 BP 37 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1994.tb01391.x PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA MW582 UT WOS:A1994MW58200003 ER PT J AU CHRISTIANSEN, PP SNEE, LW AF CHRISTIANSEN, PP SNEE, LW TI STRUCTURE, METAMORPHISM, AND GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE COSMOS HILLS AND RUBY RIDGE, BROOKS RANGE SCHIST BELT, ALASKA SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID DORA-MAIRA NAPPE; WESTERN ALPS; LASER-PROBE; WHITE MICAS; MINERALIZATION; AR-40 AB The boundary of the internal zones of the Brooks Range orogenic belt (the schist belt) is a fault contact that dips toward the hinterland (the Yukon-Koyukuk province). This fault, here referred to as the Cosmos Hills fault zone, juxtaposes oceanic rocks and unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks structurally above blueschist-to-greenschist facies metamorphic rocks of the schist belt. Near the fault contact, schist belt rocks are increasingly affected by a prominent, subhorizontal transposition foliation that is locally mylonitic in the fault zone. Structural and petrologic observations combined with Ar-40/Ar-39 incremental-release geochronology give evidence for a polyphase metamorphic and deformational history beginning in the Middle Jurassic and continuing until the Late Cretaceous. Our Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling age for Jurassic metamorphism is consistent with stratigraphic and other evidence for the onset of Brooks Range orogenesis. Jurassic metamorphism is nearly everywhere overprinted by a regional greenschist-facies event dated at 130-125 Ma. Near the contact with the Cosmos Hills fault zone, the schist belt is increasingly affected by a younger greenschist metamorphism that is texturally related to a prominent foliation that folds and transposes an older fabric. The Ar-40/Ar-39 results on phengite and fuchsite that define this younger fabric give recrystallization ages ranging from 103 to less than 90 Ma. We conclude that metamorphism that formed the transposition fabric peaked around 100 Ma and may have continued until well after 90 Ma. This age for greenschist metamorphism is broadly synchronous with the depositional age of locally derived, shallow-marine elastic sedimentary strata in the hanging wall of the fault zone and thus substantiates the interpretation that the fault zone accommodated extension in the Late Cretaceous. This extension unroofed and exhumed the schist belt during relative subsidence of the Yukon-Koyukuk province. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP CHRISTIANSEN, PP (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOL,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 193 EP 213 DI 10.1029/93TC01545 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MV652 UT WOS:A1994MV65200012 ER PT J AU HAINES, TA BRUMBAUGH, WG AF HAINES, TA BRUMBAUGH, WG TI METAL CONCENTRATION IN THE GILL, GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT, AND CARCASS OF WHITE SUCKERS (CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI) IN RELATION TO LAKE ACIDITY SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; CADMIUM; MERCURY; ACIDIFICATION; LEAD; ACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION; SEDIMENT; ELEMENTS AB Adult white suckers were collected from four lakes in Maine that ranged in pH from 7.0 to 5.4. The gastrointestinal tract and remainder of the carcass of fishes of similar age and size from each lake, and gills from additional fishes of similar size, were analyzed for Al, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Carcasses were also analyzed for Hg. Concentrations of Al, Cd, and Pb were highest in the gastrointestinal tract and lowest in the carcass; Zn concentration was highest in the gill. For carcass, all metals except Al differed significantly among lakes, for gill tissue Cd and Pb differed, and for gastrointestinal tract, only Cd differed among lakes. Where differences were significant, patterns among lakes were similar in each tissue analyzed. Concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Pb were negatively correlated with lake water pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), Ca, and lake:watershed area, and positively correlated with lake water SO4, indicating that concentrations were higher in fish from more acidic lakes. Zinc concentrations in gills were unrelated to lake acidity, and carcass concentrations were higher in the less acidic lakes, which is the opposite of the pattern for the other metals studied. Zinc in gastrointestinal tract did not differ among lakes. Although the lakes we studied were located in undisturbed watersheds and did not receive any point source discharges, fish metal concentrations were comparable to or higher than those reported from waters receiving industrial discharges. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP HAINES, TA (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,DEPT ZOOL,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 73 IS 1-4 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1007/BF00477991 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA NB526 UT WOS:A1994NB52600020 ER PT J AU NEUZIL, CE AF NEUZIL, CE TI HOW PERMEABLE ARE CLAYS ADD SHALES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; DRIVEN GROUNDWATER-FLOW; DEEP BRINE AQUIFERS; PALO-DURO BASIN; FLUID PRESSURES; MEXICO; GULF; PALEOHYDROLOGY; GENESIS; MODEL AB The permeability of argillaceous formations, although rarely measured and poorly understood, is commonly a critical parameter in analyses of Subsurface flow. Data now available suggest a regular relation between permeability and porosity in clays and shale's and permeabilities that, even at large scales, are significantly lower than usually assumed. Permeabilities between 10(-23) and 10(-17) m(2) have been obtained at Porosities between 0.1 and 0.4 in both laboratory and regional studies. Although it is clear that transmissive fractures or other heterogeneities control the large-scale hydraulic behavior of certain argillaceous units, the permeability of many others is apparently scale independent. These results have significant implications for understanding fluid transport rates and abnormal pressure generation in basins, and could prove important for waste isolation efforts. RP NEUZIL, CE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL CTR,MS 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 42 TC 304 Z9 314 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 DI 10.1029/93WR02930 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MV707 UT WOS:A1994MV70700001 ER PT J AU KOMOR, SC EMERSON, DG AF KOMOR, SC EMERSON, DG TI MOVEMENTS OF WATER, SOLUTES, AND STABLE ISOTOPES IN THE UNSATURATED ZONES OF 2 SAND PLAINS IN THE UPPER MIDWEST SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; VADOSE ZONE AB Four month-long field experiments investigated movements of water and solutes through unsaturated sand plains near Princeton, Minnesota, and Oakes, North Dakota. Atrazine and bromide were applied to bare soils and soils planted with corn. The field plots were irrigated according to local farming practices. At the end of each experiment, unsaturated soils were analyzed for atrazine and bromide concentrations and oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of soil water. Most soil water was affected by evaporation but groundwater beneath the plots had no evaporative isotopic signature. Therefore most recharge consisted of water that was unaffected by evaporation. Sources of such water may have included snowmelt, prolonged or high-intensity rainfalls that were not interrupted by periods of drying, and water that moved through preferential flow paths. Preferential flow also was suggested by the detection of atrazine, deethylatrazine, and bromide in groundwater shortly after each application of irrigation water at Princeton and by isolated concentrations of atrazine and bromide in soil well below the main masses of chemicals at Oakes. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BISMARCK,ND 58501. RP KOMOR, SC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,2280 WOODALE DR,MOUNDS VIEW,MN 55112, USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1029/93WR03099 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MV707 UT WOS:A1994MV70700011 ER PT J AU HUNTINGTON, TG HOOPER, RP AULENBACH, BT AF HUNTINGTON, TG HOOPER, RP AULENBACH, BT TI HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES CONTROLLING SULFATE MOBILITY IN A SMALL FORESTED WATERSHED SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFERENTIAL MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ACIDIFICATION; SULFUR; MODEL; STREAM AB Hydrologic controls on sulfate mobility were investigated in a forested catchment in the Georgia Piedmont using a watershed mass balance approach. Variations in annual sulfate export were governed primarily by differences in runoff rather than by differences in sulfate deposition or in total annual precipitation. However, 2 years with similar total runoff had substantially different sulfate export. A residual analysis indicated that a shift in the concentration-discharge relationship accounted for 72% of the difference in sulfate export and that a change in the pattern of discharge accounted for the remainder of the difference. Stream water sulfate concentrations reflected past hydrologic conditions. Concentrations at the same discharge were higher following an extended dry period than following average periods. The elevation in stream water sulfate concentrations following dry periods persisted for several months. The influence of rainfall patterns on sulfate export underscores the need for long-term records to adequately characterize the acidification status of the watershed and to understand trends in water quality. RP HUNTINGTON, TG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,3039 AMWILER RD,PEACHTREE BUSINESS CTR,SUITE 130,ATLANTA,GA 30360, USA. RI Aulenbach, Brent/A-5848-2008; OI Aulenbach, Brent/0000-0003-2863-1288; Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 63 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1029/93WR02950 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MV707 UT WOS:A1994MV70700013 ER PT J AU REILLY, TE PLUMMER, LN PHILLIPS, PJ BUSENBERG, E AF REILLY, TE PLUMMER, LN PHILLIPS, PJ BUSENBERG, E TI THE USE OF SIMULATION AND MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS TO QUANTIFY GROUNDWATER-FLOW IN A SHALLOW AQUIFER SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRITIUM; SYSTEM AB Measurements of the concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium, and other environmental tracers can be used to calculate recharge ages of shallow groundwater and estimate rates of groundwater movement. Numerical simulation also provides quantitative estimates of flow rates, flow paths, and mixing properties of the groundwater system. The environmental tracer techniques and the hydraulic analyses each contribute to the understanding and quantification of the flow of shallow groundwater. However, when combined, the two methods provide feedback that improves the quantification of the flow system and provides insight into the processes that are the most uncertain. A case study near Locust Grove, Maryland, is used to investigate the utility of combining groundwater age dating, based on CFCs and tritium, and hydraulic analyses using numerical simulation techniques. The results of the feedback between an advective transport model and the estimates of groundwater ages determined by the CFCs improve a quantitative description of the system by refining the system conceptualization and estimating system parameters. The plausible system developed with this feedback between the advective flow model and the CFC ages is further tested using a solute transport simulation to reproduce the observed tritium distribution in the groundwater. The solute transport simulation corroborates the plausible system developed and also indicates that, for the system under investigation with the data obtained from 0.9-m-long (3-foot-long) well screens, the hydrodynamic dispersion is negligible. Together the two methods enable a coherent explanation of the flow paths and rates of movement while indicating weaknesses in the understanding of the system that will require future data collection and conceptual refinement of the groundwater system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ALBANY,NY. RP REILLY, TE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Reilly, Thomas/0000-0002-2988-9881; Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 21 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 421 EP 433 DI 10.1029/93WR02655 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MV707 UT WOS:A1994MV70700023 ER PT J AU KOBUSZEWSKI, DM PERRY, SA AF KOBUSZEWSKI, DM PERRY, SA TI SECONDARY PRODUCTION OF RHYACOPHILA-MINORA, AMELETUS SP, AND ISONYCHIA-BICOLOR FROM STREAMS OF LOW AND CIRCUMNEUTRAL PH IN THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS OF WEST-VIRGINIA SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SECONDARY PRODUCTION; STREAMS; AQUATIC INSECTS; RHYACOPHILA-MINORA; TRICHOPTERA; AMELETUS SP; ISONYCHIA-BICOLOR; EPHEMEROPTERA; ACIDIFICATION ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTRASTING PH; ACID; DECOMPOSITION; EPHEMEROPTERA; DEPOSITION; PATTERNS; QUALITY; SYSTEM AB We estimated the secondary production of Rhyacophila minora, Ameletus sp., and Isonychia bicolor in three acidic streams and one circumneutral stream in Randolph County, West Virginia. Quantitative benthic samples were collected monthly from these second-order streams from November 1990 to October 1991. Mean pH values in the acidic streams were 4.5, 4.8, and 4.8, and mean pH in the circumneutral stream was 6.7. Production estimates for Rhyacophia minora in the acidic streams were 49.6, 19.2, and 15.8 mg m-2 y-1. Production of R. minora in the circumneutral stream was 1.0 mg M-2 y-1. Ameletus sp. production estimates for the acidic streams were 144.8, 176.8, and 208.3 mg m-2 y-1. Ameletus sp. production in the circumneutral stream was 7.4 Mg M-2 y-1. Secondary production of I. bicolor in the circumneutral stream was 116.6 mg M-2 y-1. No Isonychia were collected from the acidic streams. The higher production of R. minora and Ameletus sp. in the acidic streams may be associated with differences in macroinvertebrate community structure. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,W VIRGINIA COOPERAT FISH & WILDLIFE RES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN 28 PY 1994 VL 273 IS 3 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1007/BF00005639 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MX840 UT WOS:A1994MX84000003 ER PT J AU BROWN, RH KIRK, RL AF BROWN, RH KIRK, RL TI COUPLING OF VOLATILE TRANSPORT AND INTERNAL HEAT-FLOW ON TRITON SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GEYSER-LIKE PLUMES; ATMOSPHERE; NITROGEN; NEPTUNE; FROST; STABILITY; SURFACE; MODEL; CYCLE AB Recently Brown et al. (1991) showed that Triton's internal heat source could amount to 5-20% of the absorbed insolation on Triton, thus significantly affecting volatile transport and atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, Kirk and Brown (1991a) used simple analytical models of the effect of internal heat on the distribution of volatiles on Triton's surface, confirming the speculation of Brown et al. that Triton's internal heat flow could strongly couple to the surface volatile distribution. To further explore this idea, we present numerical models of the permanent distribution of nitrogen ice on Triton that include the effects of sunlight, the two-dimensional distribution of internal heat flow, the coupling of internal heat flow to the surface distribution of nitrogen ice, and the finite viscosity of nitrogen ice. From these models we conclude that: (1) The strong vertical thermal gradient induced in Triton's polar caps by internal heat-flow facilitates viscous spreading to lower latitudes, thus opposing the poleward transport of volatiles by sunlight, and, for plausible viscosities and nitrogen inventories, producing permanent caps of considerable latitudinal extent; (2) It is probable that there is a strong coupling between the surface distribution of nitrogen ice on Triton and internal heat flow; (3) Asymmetries in the spatial distribution of Triton's heat flow, possibly driven by large-scale, volcanic activity or convection in Triton's interior, can result in permanent polar caps of unequal latitudinal extent, including the case of only one permanent polar cap; (4) Melting at the base of a permanent polar cap on Triton caused by internal heat flow can significantly enhance viscous spreading, and, as an alternative to the solid-state greenhouse mechanism proposed by Brown et al. (1990), could provide the necessary energy, fluids, and/or gases to drive Triton's geyser-like plumes; (5) The atmospheric collapse predicted to occur on Triton in the next 20 years (Spencer, 1990) may be plausibly avoided because of the large latitudinal extent expected for permanent polar caps on Triton. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ASTROGEOL BRANCH,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RP BROWN, RH (reprint author), CALTECH,JET PROP LAB,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 25 PY 1994 VL 99 IS E1 BP 1965 EP 1981 DI 10.1029/93JE02618 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MT783 UT WOS:A1994MT78300001 ER PT J AU COPLEN, TB WINOGRAD, IJ LANDWEHR, JM RIGGS, AC AF COPLEN, TB WINOGRAD, IJ LANDWEHR, JM RIGGS, AC TI 500,000-YEAR STABLE CARBON ISOTOPIC RECORD FROM DEVILS-HOLE, NEVADA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BASIN; MILANKOVITCH THEORY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; VEIN CALCITE; ICE-AGE; CLIMATE; FRACTIONATION; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION AB The record of carbon-13 (deltaC-13) variations in DH-11 vein calcite core from Devils Hole, Nevada, shows four prominent minima near glacial terminations (glacial-interglacial transitions) V to II. The deltaC-13 time series is inversely correlated with the DH-11 oxygen isotope ratio time series and leads it by as much as 7000 years. The deltaC-13 variations likely record fluctuations in the deltaC-13 of dissolved inorganic carbon of water recharging the aquifer. How such variations are transported 80 kilometers to Devils Hole without obliteration by water-rock reaction remains an enigma. The record may reflect (i) global variations in the deltaC-13 of atmospheric CO2 and, hence, the deltaC-13 of continental biomass or (ii) variations in extent and density of vegetation in the southern Great Basin. In the latter case, deltaC-13 minima at 414, 334, 246, and 133 thousand years ago mark times of maximum vegetation. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. RP COPLEN, TB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,431 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 43 TC 43 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 21 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5145 BP 361 EP 365 DI 10.1126/science.263.5145.361 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MT034 UT WOS:A1994MT03400028 PM 17769800 ER PT J AU SAUBER, J THATCHER, W SOLOMON, SC LISOWSKI, M AF SAUBER, J THATCHER, W SOLOMON, SC LISOWSKI, M TI GEODETIC SLIP RATE FOR THE EASTERN CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE AND THE RECURRENCE TIME OF MOJAVE DESERT EARTHQUAKES SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MOTION AB WHERE the San Andreas fault passes along the southwestern margin of the Mojave desert, it exhibits a large change in trend, and the deformation associated with the Pacific/North American plate boundary is distributed broadly over a complex shear zone. The importance of understanding the partitioning of strain across this region, especially to the east of the Mojave segment of the San Andreas in a region known as the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ), was highlighted by the occurrence (on 28 June 1992) of the magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake in this zone. Here we use geodetic observations in the central Mojave desert to obtain new estimates for the rate and distribution of strain across a segment of the ECSZ, and to determine a coseismic strain drop of approximately 770 murad for the Landers earthquake. From these results we infer a strain energy recharge time of 3,500-5,000 yr for a Landers-type earthquake and a slip rate of approximately 12 mm yr-1 across the faults of the central Mojave. The latter estimate implies that a greater fraction of plate motion than heretofore inferred from geodetic data is accommodated across the ECSZ. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,DEPT TERR MAGNETISM,WASHINGTON,DC 20015. RP SAUBER, J (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GEODYNAM BRANCH,TERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Sauber, Jeanne/D-7684-2012 NR 28 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 5 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 367 IS 6460 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.1038/367264a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MR494 UT WOS:A1994MR49400053 ER PT J AU BANKS, JL AF BANKS, JL TI RACEWAY DENSITY AND WATER-FLOW AS FACTORS AFFECTING SPRING CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA) DURING REARING AND AFTER RELEASE SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; KISUTCH; STRESS; TROUT AB Four broods of spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were reared in 34.2-m3 raceways in a year-round coldwater hatchery at three densities (20 000, 40 000, and 60 000 fish per raceway) and at three levels of water inflow (757, 1514, and 22711 min-1 per raceway) in a 4 by 3 by 3 factorial design. During hatchery rearing, increased density and decreased water flow were related to increased fingerling mortality from bacterial kidney disease (Renibacterium salmoninarum). At release, treatment effects on gill Na+-,K+-ATPase activity were inconsistent, but response to seawater challenge was suppressed in fish reared at high densities and at low levels of water flow. A threefold increase in rearing density failed to produce any increase in adult contribution because high densities resulted in strongly reduced survival of smolts after release. This response was consistent within all broods of test fish despite differences in rearing mortality among broods and despite wide differences in overall post-release survival among broods. Although significant only at the highest level of inflow, increased raceway water flow seemed to increase adult contribution. RP BANKS, JL (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ABERNATHY SALMON CULTURE TECHNOL CTR,1440 ABERNATHY RD,LONGVIEW,WA 98632, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90176-7 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MT445 UT WOS:A1994MT44500009 ER PT J AU JONES, MP AF JONES, MP TI FROG ENDANGERMENT SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP JONES, MP (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF CITES MANAGEMENT AUTHOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20240, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 7 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5143 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MQ301 UT WOS:A1994MQ30100002 ER PT J AU JONES, BF HANOR, JS EVANS, WR AF JONES, BF HANOR, JS EVANS, WR TI SOURCES OF DISSOLVED SALTS IN THE CENTRAL MURRAY BASIN, AUSTRALIA SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE TYRRELL; BRINE EVOLUTION; VICTORIA; GEOCHEMISTRY; DEPOSITION; SEDIMENTS; ORIGIN; SYSTEM; WATER AB Large areas of the Australian continent contain scattered saline lakes underlain by shallow saline groundwaters of regional extent and debated origin. The normative salt composition of subsurface pore fluids extracted by squeezing cores collected during deep drilling at Piangil West 2 in the central Murray Basin in southeastern Australia, and of surface and shallow subsurface brines produced by subaerial evaporation in the nearby Lake Tyrrell systems, helps constrain interpretation of the origin of dissolved solutes in the groundwaters of this part of the continent. Although regional sedimentation in the Murray Basin has been dominantly continental except for a marine transgression in Oligocene-Pliocene time, most of the solutes in saline surface and subsurface waters in the central Murray Basin have a distinctly marine character. Some of the Tyrrell waters, to the southwest of Piangil West 2, show the increase in NaCl and decrease in sulfate salts expected with evaporative concentration and gypsum precipitation in an ephemeral saline lake or playa environment. The salt norms for most of the subsurface saline waters at Piangil West 2 are compatible with the dilution of variably fractionated marine bitterns slightly depleted in sodium salts, similar to the more evolved brines at Lake Tyrrell, which have recharged downward after evaporation at the surface and then dissolved a variable amount of gypsum at depth. Apparently over the last 0.5 Ma significant quantities of marine salt have been blown into the Murray Basin as aerosols which have subsequently been leached into shallow regional groundwater systems basin-wide, and have been transported laterally into areas of large evaporative loss in the central part of the basin. This origin for the solutes helps explain why the isotopic compositions of most of the subsurface saline waters at Piangil West 2 have a strong meteoric signature, whereas the dissolved salts in these waters appear similar to a marine assemblage. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. AUSTRALIAN GEOL SURVEY ORG,ENVIRONM GEOSCI & GROUNDWATER PROGRAM,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RP JONES, BF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 432 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD JAN 5 PY 1994 VL 111 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90087-6 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MR995 UT WOS:A1994MR99500009 ER PT J AU POWELL, CL AF POWELL, CL TI MOLLUSCAN EVIDENCE FOR A LATE PLEISTOCENE SEA-LEVEL LOWSTAND FROM MONTEREY BAY, CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SO VELIGER LA English DT Article AB One hundred and twenty-three molluscan taxa are reported from four samples collected from a sea level lowstand deposit located between 100 m and 300 m below sea level in Monterey Bay, central California. Ecological interpretations of these mollusks suggest temperatures essentially equivalent to those from Puget Sound, Washington, to southern British Columbia; much cooler water than exists in Monterey Bay today; and water depths of about 10 to 50 m. Chlamys rubida from these deposits yield a C-14 age determination of about 17,000 yr B. P. This age is generally equivalent to a worldwide sea level lowstand between 20,000 and 15,000 yr B. P. of at least 100 m below modern sea level. The cooler and shallow-water aspect of the lowstand molluscan fauna is in full accord with the late Pleistocene paleogeography of Monterey Bay. RP POWELL, CL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 915,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD JAN 3 PY 1994 VL 37 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA MQ633 UT WOS:A1994MQ63300008 ER PT J AU CLAYTON, JL KONCZ, I AF CLAYTON, JL KONCZ, I TI PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE ZALA BASIN, HUNGARY SO AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CRUDE OILS; MARINE; INDICATORS; SUBSIDENCE AB The Zala basin is a subbasin within the Pannonian basin of Hungary. Oil and smaller amounts of gas are produced from Upper Triassic through Miocene reservoirs. Our geochemical study of oils and rocks in the basin indicate that two, and possibly three, genetic oil types are present in the basin. Miocene source rocks, previously believed by explorationists to be the predominant source rock, have expelled minor amounts of hydrocarbons. The main source rock is the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Kossen Marl Formation or its stratigraphic equivalent. Oils derived rom the Triassic source rock are recognizable by their isotopic and biological marker composition, and high content of metals. In other areas of Europe, Upper Triassic source rocks have been correlated with large oil accumulations (e.g., Molassa and Villafortuna fields, Po basin, and other fields in Italy) or are postulated to be good potential source rocks (e.g., Bristol Channel Trough). Knowledge of the geochemical characteristics of oils derived from these Upper Triassic source rocks and understanding of the source rock distribution and maturation history are important for recognizing Triassic oil-source bed relationships and for further exploration in other basins in Hungary and other parts of Europe where Triassic source rocks are present. C1 HUNG ARIAN OIL & GAS CORP,H-8801 NAGYKANIZSA,HUNGARY. RP CLAYTON, JL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,BOX 25044,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull.-Am. Assoc. Petr. Geol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MR576 UT WOS:A1994MR57600001 ER PT B AU Morrison, JL AF Morrison, JL BE Waugh, TC Healey, RG TI The paradigm shift in cartography: The use of electronic technology, digital spatial data, and future needs SO ADVANCES IN GIS RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling CY SEP, 1994 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Geog Union Commiss GIS, Assoc Geog Informat, Bartholomew Digital Data, ESRI Ltd, UK, GIMMS Ltd, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd, Longmans Geoinformation C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 4 JOHN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1N 2ET BN 0-7484-0315-9 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Geography SC Geography GA BE94C UT WOS:A1994BE94C00001 ER PT B AU Guptill, SC AF Guptill, SC BE Waugh, TC Healey, RG TI Synchronization of discrete geospatial data bases SO ADVANCES IN GIS RESEARCH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling CY SEP, 1994 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Int Geog Union Commiss GIS, Assoc Geog Informat, Bartholomew Digital Data, ESRI Ltd, UK, GIMMS Ltd, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd, Longmans Geoinformation C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 4 JOHN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1N 2ET BN 0-7484-0315-9 PY 1994 BP 945 EP 956 PG 12 WC Geography SC Geography GA BE94C UT WOS:A1994BE94C00059 ER PT J AU MILLY, PCD AF MILLY, PCD TI CLIMATE, INTERSEASONAL STORAGE OF SOIL-WATER, AND THE ANNUAL WATER-BALANCE SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MIT Colloquium on Hydroclimatology and Global Hydrology CY APR 07-08, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT AB The effects of annual totals and seasonal variations of precipitation and potential evaporation on the annual water balance are explored. It is assumed that the only other factor of significance to annual water balance is a simple process of water storage, and that the relevant storage capacity is the plant-available water-holding capacity of the soil. Under the assumption that precipitation and potential evaporation vary sinusoidally through the year, it is possible to derive an analytic solution of the storage problem, and this yields an expression for the fraction of precipitation that evaporates (and the fraction that runs off) as a function of three dimensionless numbers: the ratio of annual potential evaporation to annual precipitation (index of dryness); an index of the seasonality of the difference between precipitation and potential evaporation; and the ratio of plant-available water-holding capacity to annual precipitation. The solution is applied to the area of the United States east of 105-degrees-W, using published information on precipitation, potential evaporation, and plant-available water-holding capacity as inputs, and using an independent analysis of observed river runoff for model evaluation. The model generates an areal mean annual runoff of only 187 mm, which is about 30% less than the observed runoff (263 mm). The discrepancy is suggestive of the importance of runoff-generating mechanisms neglected in the model. These include intraseasonal variability (storminess) of precipitation, spatial variability of storage capacity, and finite infiltration capacity of land. RP MILLY, PCD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,PRINCETON,NJ, USA. NR 0 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/0309-1708(94)90020-5 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA PF515 UT WOS:A1994PF51500003 ER PT B AU KLEIN, PN CHARMATZ, K LANGENBERG, J AF KLEIN, PN CHARMATZ, K LANGENBERG, J BE Junge, RE TI THE EFFECT OF FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE (BANAMINE(R)) ON THE RENAL FUNCTION IN NORTHERN BOBWHITE (COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS) - AN AVIAN MODEL SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOO VETERINARIANS AND ASSOCIATION OF REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Zoo-Veterinarians/Association-of-Reptilian-and-A mphibian-Veterinarians CY OCT 22-27, 1994 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS, ASSOC REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS WILBUR B ARMAND EXEC DIRECTOR PI PHILADELPHIA PA 34TH ST & GIRARD AVE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 PY 1994 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BB99F UT WOS:A1994BB99F00031 ER PT J AU CHIPPS, SR PERRY, WB PERRY, SA AF CHIPPS, SR PERRY, WB PERRY, SA TI PATTERNS OF MICROHABITAT USE AMONG 4 SPECIES OF DARTERS IN 3 APPALACHIAN STREAMS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ETHEOSTOMA-FLABELLARE; FISHES; HABITAT AB We used snorkeling techniques to examine patterns of microhabitat use among four species of darters-Etheostoma flabellare, E. blennioides, Percina gymnocephala and the potentially threatened E. osburni-in three West Virginia streams. Sympatric darter species were generally segregated in each stream, based on microhabitat use variables of mean depth, current velocity and substrate type. In all three streams-the East Fork of the Greenbrier River, the Cherry River and Laurel Creek-E. osburni was observed in fast current velocities and rock substrate in water depths ranging from 20 to 30 cm. In the East Fork of the Greenbrier River and Laurel Creek, E. flabellare was common in slower velocities over predominantly cobble substrate. Percina gymnocephala and E. blennioides were spatially segregated from E. osburni on the basis of water column depth. Differences in habitat use may be related to morphological differences between species. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. W VIRGINIA UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 131 IS 1 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.2307/2426620 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MW295 UT WOS:A1994MW29500019 ER PT J AU NELSON, ME MECH, LD AF NELSON, ME MECH, LD TI A SINGLE DEER STANDS-OFF 3 WOLVES SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Note AB The first record of a deer (Odocoileus virginianus) standing off three wolves (Canis lupus) is documented by an aerial observation in northeastern Minnesota. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 131 IS 1 BP 207 EP 208 DI 10.2307/2426624 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MW295 UT WOS:A1994MW29500023 ER PT J AU BELKIN, HE DWORNIK, EJ AF BELKIN, HE DWORNIK, EJ TI MEMORIAL OF MILTON,CHARLES APRIL 25, 1896 OCTOBER 4, 1990 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual RP BELKIN, HE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1130 17TH ST NW SUITE 330, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA MX246 UT WOS:A1994MX24600022 ER PT B AU StPierre, R AF StPierre, R BE Cooper, JE Eades, RT Klauda, RJ Loesch, JG TI American shad restoration in the Susquehanna River SO ANADROMOUS ALOSA SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Anadromous Alosa Symposium, at the 7th Annual Meeting of the Tidewater-Chapter of the American-Fisheries-Society CY JAN 14-15, 1993 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Tidewater Chapter C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HARRISBURG,PA 17102. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 BN 0-913235-89-X PY 1994 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BF14V UT WOS:A1994BF14V00007 ER PT B AU Quinn, RF AF Quinn, RF BE Cooper, JE Eades, RT Klauda, RJ Loesch, JG TI Fish passage facilities for Alosa SO ANADROMOUS ALOSA SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Anadromous Alosa Symposium, at the 7th Annual Meeting of the Tidewater-Chapter of the American-Fisheries-Society CY JAN 14-15, 1993 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, Tidewater Chapter C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HADLEY,MA 02158. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 BN 0-913235-89-X PY 1994 BP 119 EP 127 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BF14V UT WOS:A1994BF14V00012 ER PT S AU LUCCHITTA, BK MULLINS, KF SMITH, CE FERRIGNO, JG AF LUCCHITTA, BK MULLINS, KF SMITH, CE FERRIGNO, JG BE Morris, EM TI VELOCITIES OF THE SMITH GLACIER ICE TONGUE AND DOTSON ICE SHELF, WALGREEN COAST, MARIE-BYRD-LAND, WEST ANTARCTICA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 20, 1994: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTARCTIC GLACIOLOGY (VISAG) SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Antarctic Glasiology (VISAG) CY SEP 05-11, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-14-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1994 VL 20 BP 101 EP 109 DI 10.3189/172756494794587573 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Geology; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BD16B UT WOS:A1994BD16B00017 ER PT S AU FERRIGNO, JG MULLINS, JL STAPLETON, JA BINDSCHADLER, RA SCAMBOS, TA BELLISIME, LB BOWELL, JA ACOSTA, AV AF FERRIGNO, JG MULLINS, JL STAPLETON, JA BINDSCHADLER, RA SCAMBOS, TA BELLISIME, LB BOWELL, JA ACOSTA, AV BE Morris, EM TI LANDSAT TM IMAGE MAPS OF THE SHIRASE AND SIPLE COAST ICE STREAMS, WEST ANTARCTICA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 20, 1994: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTARCTIC GLACIOLOGY (VISAG) SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Antarctic Glasiology (VISAG) CY SEP 05-11, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-14-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1994 VL 20 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.3189/172756494794587087 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Geology; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BD16B UT WOS:A1994BD16B00064 ER PT J AU MOORE, JG NORMARK, WR HOLCOMB, RT AF MOORE, JG NORMARK, WR HOLCOMB, RT TI GIANT HAWAIIAN LANDSLIDES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE HAWAIIAN RIDGE; SLUMP; DEBRIS AVALANCHE ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; MAUNA-LOA; EVOLUTION; BENEATH; ISLAND C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,US GEOL SURVEY,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP MOORE, JG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 45 TC 227 Z9 228 U1 5 U2 20 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 1994 VL 22 BP 119 EP 144 DI 10.1146/annurev.ea.22.050194.001003 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA NR695 UT WOS:A1994NR69500005 ER PT J AU HINKLE, ME AF HINKLE, ME TI ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS AFFECTING CONCENTRATIONS OF HE, CO2, O2 AND N2 IN SOIL GASES SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The measurement of concentrations of volatile species in soil gases has potential for use in geochemical exploration for concealed ore deposits and for monitoring of subsurface contaminants. However, the interpretation of anomalies in surficial gases can be difficult because soil-gas concentrations are dependent on both meteorological and environmental conditions. For this study, concentrations of He, CO2, O2 and N2 and meteorological conditions were monitored for 10-14 months at eight nonmineralized sites in both humid and dry environments. Gases were collected at 0.6-0.7-m depth at seven sites. At one site, gases were collected from 0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, and 2.0-m depths; diurnal monitoring studies were conducted at this site also. Rain and snowfall, soil and air temperatures, barometric pressure, and relative humidity were monitored at all the sites. The sand, silt and clay content, and the organic carbon content of surficial soil were measured at each site. Meteorological conditions generally affected He and CO2 concentrations in the same way at all the sites; however, these effects were modified by local environmental conditions. Both seasonal and diurnal concentration changes occurred. The most important seasonal concentration changes were related to rain and snowfall and soil and air temperatures. Seasonal changes tended to be larger then the diurnal changes, but both could be related to the same processes. Local conditions of soil type and organic content affected the amount of pore space and moisture present in the soil and therefore the soil-gas concentrations. RP HINKLE, ME (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,MAIL STOP 973,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(94)90052-3 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NM025 UT WOS:A1994NM02500006 ER PT J AU KING, CY BASLER, D PRESSER, TS EVANS, WC WHITE, LD MINISSALE, A AF KING, CY BASLER, D PRESSER, TS EVANS, WC WHITE, LD MINISSALE, A TI IN SEARCH OF EARTHQUAKE-RELATED HYDROLOGIC AND CHEMICAL-CHANGES ALONG HAYWARD FAULT SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Flow and chemical measurements have been made about once a month, and more frequently when required, since 1976 at two springs in Alum Rock Park in eastern San Jose, California, and since 1980 at two shallow wells in eastern Oakland in search of earthquake-related changes. All sites are on or near the Hayward Fault and are about 55 km apart. Temperature, electric conductivity, and water level or flow rate were measured in situ with portable instruments. Water samples were collected for later chemical and isotopic analyses in the laboratory. The measured flow rate at one of the springs showed a long-term decrease of about 40% since 1987, when a multi-year drought began in California. It also showed several increases that lasted a few days to a few months with amplitudes of 2.4 to 8.6 times the standard deviations above the background rate. Five of these increases were recorded shortly after nearby earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or larger, and may have resulted from unclogging of the flow path and increase of permeability caused by strong seismic shaking. Two other flow increases were possibly induced by exceptionally heavy rainfalls. The water in both wells showed seasonal temperature and chemical variations, largely in response to rainfall. In 1980 the water also showed some clear chemical changes unrelated to rainfall that lasted a few months; these changes were followed by a magnitude 4 earthquake 37 km away. The chemical composition at one of the wells and at the springs also showed some longer-term variations that were not correlated with rainfall but possibly correlated with the five earthquakes mentioned above. These correlations suggest a common tectonic origin for the earthquakes and the anomalies. The last variation at the affected well occurred abruptly in 1989, shortly before a magnitude 5.0 earthquake 54 km away. RP KING, CY (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0883-2927(94)90055-8 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NM025 UT WOS:A1994NM02500009 ER PT J AU BOYD, CE WATTEN, BJ GOUBIER, V WU, RQ AF BOYD, CE WATTEN, BJ GOUBIER, V WU, RQ TI GAS SUPERSATURATION IN SURFACE WATERS OF AQUACULTURE PONDS SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH AB During the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons, dissolved gas pressures were measured in 0.04 ha to 0.06 ha earthen ponds (n = 17) used to produce channel catfish or bluegill sunfish, both with and without supplemental aertion. Surface waters in early morning hours (0630 to 0830 h) were typically saturated with nitrogen (N-2) and argon (Ar), undersaturated with dissolved oxygen (DO), and supersaturated with carbon dioxide. Total gas pressures (Delta P) were low, averaging -40 mmHg (range -127 to 62 mmHg). During afternoon hours (1300 to 1500 h) Delta P increased to a mean of 111 mmHg (range -46 to 334 mmHg); 34% of afternoon Delta P values were above that known to cause mortality in channel catfish during continuous exposure bioassays (115 mmHg), yet no excessive mortality was observed. High afternoon Delta P values resulted from DO supersaturation caused by phytoplankton photosynthesis and, to a lesser extent, N-2 and Ar supersaturation. The N-2 and Ar supersaturation apparently resulted from cooling and saturation of surface waters with air during evening hours, and the subsequent increase in water temperature during daylight hours (daily increase (X) over bar = 3.4 degrees C; range 1.1 to 7.9 degrees C) without sufficient gas release. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,WELLSBORO,PA 16901. INST REG RECH APLIQUEES AQUACULTURE,F-69288 LYON 02,FRANCE. PEARL RIVER FISHERIES RES INST,CANTON,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP BOYD, CE (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & ALLIED AQUACULTURES,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0144-8609(94)90023-X PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA MU949 UT WOS:A1994MU94900003 ER PT J AU WATTEN, BJ RIDGE, WJ MUDRAK, VA AF WATTEN, BJ RIDGE, WJ MUDRAK, VA TI EFFECT OF SUBATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AN AUTOMATED PACKED-COLUMN NITROGEN DESORPTION SYSTEM SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GAS SUPERSATURATION; WATER AB A portable vacuum degasser was developed to satisfy seasonal hatchery pretreatment needs. Dissolved-gas pressures in water exiting a packed column were regulated automatically with a unique feedback control loop incorporating a gasometer, pressure transducer, electronic (PID) controller and an electrically actuated pump discharge valve. The flow capacity of the system was 160 l/min with a total power requirement of 0.81 kW. Following controller tuning, field tests demonstrated the ability of the feedback loop to set appropriate column vacuum levels quickly in response to varying inlet dissolved-gas pressures or changes in selected controller set points. The degasser's ability to reduce dissolved nitrogen (DN) and increase dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations was also assessed at four or five pure-oxygen feed rates under each of four column vacuum levels (-4.5, -9.0, -14.6 and -20.0 cm Hg). Performance was then compared with that predicted with a multicomponent gas transfer model. Relative error of model projections averaged just 7.7% for DO and 2.3% for DN (n = 19). Effluent DN ranged between 60.6 and 96.4% of saturation concentrations at 8.8 degrees C with the influent DN at 135% of saturation. The high DN desorption rates achieved allow side-stream pretreatment with blending influent DN at 135% of saturation. The high DN desorption rates achieved allow side-stream pretreatment with blending. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. RP WATTEN, BJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERY RES & DEV LAB,RURAL DELIVERY NO 4,BOX 63,WELLSBORO,PA 16901, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0144-8609(94)90024-8 PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA MU949 UT WOS:A1994MU94900004 ER PT J AU SAUER, JR PETERJOHN, BG LINK, WA AF SAUER, JR PETERJOHN, BG LINK, WA TI OBSERVER DIFFERENCES IN THE NORTH-AMERICAN BREEDING BIRD SURVEY SO AUK LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB Because count data collected in many bird surveys are only an index to population size, factors that can influence the counts must be identified and incorporated into analyses. Observer quality is often ignored in analyses of population changes from survey data, but observers differ in methods and capabilities and, hence, tend to count different numbers of birds. We assess the consequences of between-observer differences in counts for estimation of population trends in the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Observer differences in numbers of birds counted were found in 50% of the 369 species we examined. For many species, observers in later years tended to count more birds than observers in earlier years, suggesting an increase in observer quality over time. Analysis of population trends from 1966 through 1991 indicates that failure to include observers as covariables in the analysis results in an overly optimistic view of population trends. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,OFF MIGRATORY BIRD MANAGEMENT,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP SAUER, JR (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708, USA. NR 18 TC 240 Z9 249 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 1994 VL 111 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA NL778 UT WOS:A1994NL77800006 ER PT B AU BARNES, VG AF BARNES, VG BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI BROWN-BEAR HUMAN INTERACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DEER HUNTING ON KODIAK ISLAND SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP BARNES, VG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,1390 BUSKIN RIVER RD,KODIAK,AK 99615, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00007 ER PT B AU KASWORM, WF THIER, TJ AF KASWORM, WF THIER, TJ BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI ADULT BLACK BEAR REPRODUCTION, SURVIVAL, AND MORTALITY SOURCES IN NORTHWEST MONTANA SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP KASWORM, WF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,475 FISH HATCHERY RD,LIBBY,MT 59923, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00027 ER PT B AU GARNER, GW BELIKOV, SE STISHOV, MS BARNES, VG ARTHUR, SM AF GARNER, GW BELIKOV, SE STISHOV, MS BARNES, VG ARTHUR, SM BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI DISPERSAL PATTERNS OF MATERNAL POLAR BEARS FROM THE DENNING CONCENTRATION ON WRANGEL ISLAND SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP GARNER, GW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 401 EP 410 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00048 ER PT B AU WEAVER, KM PELTON, MR AF WEAVER, KM PELTON, MR BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI DENNING ECOLOGY OF BLACK BEARS IN THE TENSAS RIVER BASIN OF LOUISIANA SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP WEAVER, KM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ROUTE 2,BOX 295,TULLULAH,LA 71282, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 427 EP 433 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00051 ER PT B AU YOUNG, DD MCCABE, TR GARNER, GW REYNOLDS, HV AF YOUNG, DD MCCABE, TR GARNER, GW REYNOLDS, HV BE Claar, JJ Schullery, P TI USE OF A DISTANCE-BASED TEST OF INDEPENDENCE TO MEASURE GRIZZLY BEAR CARIBOU ASSOCIATION IN NORTHEASTERN ALASKA SO BEARS - THEIR BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Bear Research and Management CY FEB 23-28, 1992 CL MISSOULA, MT SP USDA, REG 1 INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN, US DEPT INTERIOR NATL PK SERV, YELLOWSTONE NATL PK, MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PKS, US DEPT INTERIOR FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, WILDLIFE SOC, INTERAGCY GRIZZLY BEAR COMM, US DEPT INTERIOR BUR LAND MANAGEMENT RP YOUNG, DD (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,101 12TH AVE,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC BEAR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT PI VICTORIA PA VICTORIA BC, CANADA BN 0-944740-04-9 PY 1994 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BC96T UT WOS:A1994BC96T00052 ER PT J AU TRISKA, FJ JACKMAN, AP DUFF, JH AVANZINO, RJ AF TRISKA, FJ JACKMAN, AP DUFF, JH AVANZINO, RJ TI AMMONIUM SORPTION TO CHANNEL AND RIPARIAN SEDIMENTS - A TRANSIENT STORAGE POOL FOR DISSOLVED INORGANIC NITROGEN SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AMMONIUM; RIPARIAN; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; STORAGE; STREAMS ID SMALL MOUNTAIN STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT AB Sediment (0.5 mm-2.0 mm grain size) was incubated in nylon bags (200 mu m mesh) below the water table in the channel and in two transects of shallow wells perpendicular to the banks (to 18 m) of a third-order stream during August, 1987. One transect of wells drained steep old-growth forest, and the other a steep 23 year-old clear-cut partially regenerated in alder. At approximately 6-week intervals between October, 1987, and June, 1988, bags were retrieved. Total exchangeable ammonium was determined on sediment, and dissolved oxygen, nitrate and ammonium were determined in stream and well water. Exchangeable ammonium ranged from 10 mu eq/100 g of sediment in the stream where nitrification potential and subsurface exchange with stream water were high, to 115 mu eq/100 g sediment 18 m inland where channel water-groundwater mixing and nitrification potential were both low. Sorbed ammonium was highest during summer/autumn base flow and lowest during winter storm flow. Both channel and well water contained measurable dissolved oxygen at all times. Ammonium concentration was typically < 10 mu g-N/L in channel water, increased with distance inland, but did not exceed 365 mu g-N/L at any site. Nitrate concentration was typically higher in well water than channel water. Nitrate levels increased dramatically in wells at the base of the clear-cut following the onset of autumn rains. The results indicate a potential for temporary storage of ammonium on riparian sediments which may influence biotic nitrogen cycling, and alter the timing and form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen transport from the watershed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT CHEM ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP TRISKA, FJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 496,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 17 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1007/BF02182880 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA PN418 UT WOS:A1994PN41800001 ER PT J AU HORNBERGER, GM BENCALA, KE MCKNIGHT, DM AF HORNBERGER, GM BENCALA, KE MCKNIGHT, DM TI HYDROLOGICAL CONTROLS ON DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON DURING SNOWMELT IN THE SNAKE RIVER NEAR MONTEZUMA, COLORADO SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC); HYDROLOGICAL CATCHMENT RESPONSE; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; TOPMODEL; UPLAND CATCHMENTS ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; STREAM; CATCHMENT; CHEMISTRY; MODEL; SUBSTANCES; RUNOFF; SOIL; USA AB A quantitative understanding of the factors controlling the variation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in headwater streams is of scientific concern for at least two reasons. First, quantifying the overall carbon budgets of lotic systems is needed for a fundamental understanding of these systems. Second, DOC interacts strongly with other dissolved substances (heavy metals in particular) and plays an important role in the transport of contaminants. In the Snake River near Montezuma, Colorado, measurements of DOC from 1980 to 1986 show rapid decreases in concentration from a peak very early in the snowmelt period. Peak DOC concentrations occur approximately one month prior to peak discharge in the stream. The decline in DOC with time is approximately exponential, suggesting that a simple flushing mechanism can explain the response. We examined hydrological mechanisms to explain the observed variability of DOC in the Snake River by simulating the hydrological response of the catchment using TOPMODEL and routing the predicted flows through a simple model that accounted for temporal changes in DOC. Conceptually the DOC model represents a terrestrial (soil) reservoir in which DOC builds up during low flow periods and is flushed out by infiltrating meltwaters. The model reproduces the main features of the observed variation in DOC in the Snake River and thus lays the foundation for quantitatively linking hydrological processes with carbon cycling through upland catchments. Model results imply that a significant fraction of the soils in the Snake River catchment contribute DOC to the stream during peak discharge. Our work represents one of the first attempts to quantitatively describe the hydrological controls on DOC dynamics in a headwater stream. These controls are studied through the model by imposing mass balance constraints on both the flux of water through the various DOC source areas and the amount of DOC that can accumulate in these areas. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP HORNBERGER, GM (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 26 TC 308 Z9 310 U1 5 U2 71 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PY 1994 VL 25 IS 3 BP 147 EP 165 DI 10.1007/BF00024390 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA NY664 UT WOS:A1994NY66400001 ER PT B AU BRICKER, OP PACES, T JOHNSON, CE SVERDRUP, H AF BRICKER, OP PACES, T JOHNSON, CE SVERDRUP, H BE Moldan, B Cerny, J TI WEATHERING AND EROSION ASPECTS OF SMALL CATCHMENT RESEARCH SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SMALL CATCHMENTS: A TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SE SCOPE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCOPE Workshop on Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments CY NOV, 1990 CL MOST, CZECH REPUBLIC SP INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, SCI COMM PROBLEMS ENVIRONM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME C1 USGS,WRD,RESTON,VA 22092. RI Johnson, Chris/A-6979-2011 OI Johnson, Chris/0000-0001-9079-813X NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD BN 0-471-93723-1 J9 SCOPE SER PY 1994 VL 51 BP 85 EP 105 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BA22E UT WOS:A1994BA22E00004 ER PT B AU PETERS, NE AF PETERS, NE BE Moldan, B Cerny, J TI HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF SMALL CATCHMENTS: A TOOL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SE SCOPE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SCOPE Workshop on Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments CY NOV, 1990 CL MOST, CZECH REPUBLIC SP INT COUNCIL SCI UNIONS, SCI COMM PROBLEMS ENVIRONM, UN ENVIRONM PROGRAMME C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA 30360. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD BN 0-471-93723-1 J9 SCOPE SER PY 1994 VL 51 BP 207 EP 228 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BA22E UT WOS:A1994BA22E00009 ER PT J AU WELLER, MW JENSEN, KC TAYLOR, EJ MILLER, MW BOLLINGER, KS DERKSEN, DV ESLER, D MARKON, C AF WELLER, MW JENSEN, KC TAYLOR, EJ MILLER, MW BOLLINGER, KS DERKSEN, DV ESLER, D MARKON, C TI ASSESSMENT OF SHORELINE VEGETATION IN RELATION TO USE BY MOLTING BLACK BRANT BRANTA-BERNICLA-NIGRICANS ON THE ALASKA COASTAL-PLAIN SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE BLACK BRANT; BRANTA-BERNICLA-NIGRICANS; ALASKAN COASTAL PLAIN; ANNUAL WING MOLT; TUNDRA VEGETATION; POPULATION ECOLOGY AB To evaluate the importance of large thaw lakes on the Alaska Coastal Plain for molting Pacific black brant Branta bernicla nigricans, distribution and life form of shoreline vegetation were assessed using several scales: satellite imagery, point-intercept transects, cover quadrats, and a parameter for water regime. Brant population and distribution estimates from aerial surveys were used to classify large lakes into high, moderate, and low use. Correlations between brant and abundance of their preferred feeding site - moss flats - were best demonstrated by satellite imagery. Intercepts and cover ratings were not correlated, presumably because these techniques were less efficient at assessing area. General observations suggested that the presence of islands, large ice floes, and possibly other physical attributes of the habitat, influenced brant distribution. This area is unique because of low-lying, drained-lake basins that have ideal combinations of moss flats and large water areas where brant seek protection in water or on ice floes. Protection of the area from disturbance is vital to the success of this declining species because alternate habitats may not be available elsewhere on the Coastal Plain. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. HUGHS STX CORP,EROS ALASKA FIELD OFF,ANCHORAGE,AK 99508. RP WELLER, MW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015 OI Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1994 VL 70 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90166-X PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PP965 UT WOS:A1994PP96500004 ER PT B AU GURTZ, ME AF GURTZ, ME BE Loeb, SL Spacie, A TI DESIGN OF BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS OF THE NATIONAL-WATER-QUALITY-ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM SO BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Monitoring of Aquatic Systems CY NOV 29, 1990-DEC 01, 1992 CL PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN HO PURDUE UNIV C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-910-7 PY 1994 BP 323 EP 354 PG 32 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BA72P UT WOS:A1994BA72P00015 ER PT J AU BURNHAM, KP ANDERSON, DR WHITE, GC AF BURNHAM, KP ANDERSON, DR WHITE, GC TI EVALUATION OF THE KULLBACK-LEIBLER DISCREPANCY FOR MODEL SELECTION IN OPEN POPULATION CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS SO BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AIC; AKAIKE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; CORMACK-JOLLY-SEBER MODEL; KULLBACK-LEIBLER DISCREPANCY; MODEL SELECTION ID INFORMATION CRITERION; CHOICE AB The objective of this paper is to introduce the logical basis of AIC-based model selection to persons analyzing capture-recapture data and to explore the key theoretical aspect of AIC based model selection, for open-model capture-recapture, needed for AIC to perform well in this context. Almost all previous work on AIC assumes a Gaussian model; that assumption does not hold for capture-recapture models. Assuming the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model as the true model, we used numerical methods to evaluate the expectation of the log-likelihood relative to Akaike's target predictive log-likelihood. The use of this particular target criterion was motivated by the idea of using the Kullback-Leibler discrepancy for model selection, for which Akaike found the bias of the sample log-likelihood was asymptotically K, where K = the number of estimated (by MLE) parameters. In some sense, then, AIC is a bias-adjusted log-likelihood. For a set of 81 plausible cases, we evaluated this bias almost exactly. The ratio of this bias to the first order theory (bias of K) and to second order theory (K + a sample size adjustment) is essentially 1 for these 81 cases. Thus, AIC should be a suitable basis for model selection in open model capture-recapture. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 19 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0323-3847 J9 BIOMETRICAL J JI Biom. J. PY 1994 VL 36 IS 3 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1002/bimj.4710360308 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA NH180 UT WOS:A1994NH18000005 ER PT J AU Cranston, RE Ginsburg, GD Soloviev, VA Lorenson, TD AF Cranston, R. E. Ginsburg, G. D. Soloviev, V. A. Lorenson, T. D. TI Gas venting and hydrate deposits in the Okhotsk Sea SO BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK LA English DT Article AB Active has vents and methane hydrate deposits were found in two areas of the Okhotsk Sea in October, 1991 onboard the R. V Antropov, a Russian research vessel operated by Dalmorgeologia from the Far-East Region of Russia. Gas vents were identified in water depths of 700 to 800 in using a 20 khz fish finding echo sounder. Sediment and hydrate samples were recovered using a 3 in long gravity corer. Some cores contained 30 to 40% by volume methane hydrate in lenses, layers and veins. A small fraction of the venting gas is captured in a methane hydrate phase, while a majority of the vented gas is released and dispersed in the overlying seawater. Small gas bubbles were observed at the sea surface, indicating that some of the venting gas reaches the atmosphere directly. Preliminary hydrocarbon gas and methane isotopic composition suggest that the venting gas is biogenic in origin. Based on the flux of organic carbon reaching the seafloor and pore water ammonia results, recent biogenic processes are not sufficient to support the production of the venting methane. It is concluded that biogenic methane from subsurface sediment layers is migrating upwards alone preferential pathways associated with faulting. C1 [Cranston, R. E.] Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Ginsburg, G. D.; Soloviev, V. A.] Res Inst Geol & Mineral Resources Ocean, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. [Lorenson, T. D.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cranston, RE (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC DENMARK PI COPENHAGEN PA OSTER VOLDGADE 5-7, DK-1350 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0011-6297 J9 B GEOL SOC DENMARK JI Bull. Geol. Soc. Den. PY 1994 VL 41 BP 80 EP 85 PN 1 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V62QU UT WOS:000204234800009 ER PT J AU PARAGI, TF ARTHUR, SM KROHN, WB AF PARAGI, TF ARTHUR, SM KROHN, WB TI SEASONAL AND CIRCADIAN ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF FEMALE FISHERS, MARTES PENNANTI, WITH KITS SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE FISHER; MARTES PENNANTI; ACTIVITY; DENNING; MAINE AB To assess factors that may influence reproductive success of Fishers (Martes pennanti), we investigated the effects of kit development and litter size on circadian pattern and levels of activity (proportion of locations classified as active) of four radio-collared females with kits in southcentral Maine during the March-June denning period in 1988, and two of these four females in 1989. Activity levels varied greatly among individuals (P = 0.0057). A significant interaction between circadian and developmental periods (P = 0.025) indicated that the circadian pattern of activity changed after young were weaned. Females caring for weaned offspring showed more diurnal activity, suggesting increased energetic costs because of foraging. The activity level during kit rearing did not increase significantly with litter size (P > 0.08). RP PARAGI, TF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,KOYUKUK NOWITNA REFUGE COMPLEX,POB 287,GALENA,AK 99741, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PV121 UT WOS:A1994PV12100008 ER PT J AU NELSON, ME AF NELSON, ME TI MIGRATION BEARING AND DISTANCE MEMORY BY TRANSLOCATED WHITE-TAILED DEER, ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS; MIGRATION; TRANSLOCATION; NAVIGATION AB Of nine White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) translocated during winter, four attempted to return 10-22 km to their capture sites and two did so successfully. Three deer translocated 22 km did not attempt to home but established summer home ranges with distances and bearings from winter ranges that mimicked those of their group members not translocated. Apparently, memory of distance and direction of a migration pattern is part of the navigation process and independent of the topography in which the migration first occurred. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 74 EP 76 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PV121 UT WOS:A1994PV12100012 ER PT J AU PARAGI, TF WHOLECHEESE, GM AF PARAGI, TF WHOLECHEESE, GM TI MARTEN, MARTES-AMERICANA, PREDATION ON A NORTHERN GOSHAWK, ACCIPTER-GENTILIS SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE MARTEN; MARTES AMERICANA; PREDATION; NORTHERN GOSHAWK; ACCIPITER GENTILIS AB The site where a Marten Martes americana killed a Northern Goshawk Accipter gentilis was found during snowtracking in the taiga of western interior Alaska. The Marten dragged the raptor >0.5 km before beginning to feed on it. Although Martens are known to prey on passerines and gallinaceous birds, this is apparently the first report of one attacking and consuming a raptor. RP PARAGI, TF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,KOYUKUK NOWITNA REFUGE COMPLEX,POB 287,GALENA,AK 99741, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 108 IS 1 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PV121 UT WOS:A1994PV12100015 ER PT J AU CECH, JJ CASTLEBERRY, DT HOPKINS, TE PETERSEN, JH AF CECH, JJ CASTLEBERRY, DT HOPKINS, TE PETERSEN, JH TI NORTHERN SQUAWFISH, PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS, O-2 CONSUMPTION RATE AND RESPIRATION MODEL - EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND BODY-SIZE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ENERGY-METABOLISM; ENERGETICS; FISHES; MUSCLE AB Northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis (live weight range 0.361-1.973 kg), O2 consumption was measured with temperature-controlled, flow-through respirometers for >24 h. Mean standard O2 consumption rate of northern squawfish increased with acclimation temperature: 24.3, 49.1, 75.0, and 89.4 mg.kg-0.67.h-1 at 9, 15, 18, and 21-degrees-C, respectively. Q10 analysis showed that O2 consumption rate temperature sensitivity was greatest at the intermediate acclimation temperatures (15-18-degrees-C, Q10 = 4.10), moderate at the lower acclimation temperatures (9-15-degrees-C, Q10 = 3.23), and lowest at the higher acclimation temperatures (18-21-degrees-C, Q10 = 1.80). Overall Q10 was 2.96 (9-21-degrees-C). Body size (W, grams) and temperature (T, degrees Celcius) were related to O2 consumption (M'O2, grams per gram per day) by M'O2, = 0.00165 W-0.285.e0.105T . Northern squawfish red to white muscle ratios significantly exceeded those of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in cross sections at 50 and 75% of standard length. High metabolic rates and red to white muscle ratios argue for comparability of northern squawfish with active predators such as sympatric rainbow trout. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605. RP CECH, JJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1139/f94-002 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NC198 UT WOS:A1994NC19800002 ER PT J AU CECH, JJ CASTLEBERRY, DT HOPKINS, TE AF CECH, JJ CASTLEBERRY, DT HOPKINS, TE TI TEMPERATURE AND CO2 EFFECTS ON BLOOD O-2 EQUILIBRIA IN NORTHERN SQUAWFISH, PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; RESPIRATORY ADAPTATIONS; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SMALLMOUTH BASS AB In vitro blood O2 equilibrium curves were constructed at 9, 1 5, 18, and 21-degrees-C from temperature-acclimated northern squawfish, Ptychocheilus oregonensis. At low Pco2 (<1 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 133.32 Pa), P50s generally showed variable increases with temperature from 3.6 mm Hg at 9-degrees-C to 8.7 mm Hg at 21-degrees-C, leading to whole-blood temperature effects (DELTAH, kilocalories per mole O2) ranging from a low +4.4 at 15-18-degrees-C to a peak -21.2 at 18-21-degrees-C. High-PCO2 (7.6 mm Hg) conditions decreased blood pH and increased P50s at each temperature (Bohr factor). Bohr factors (PHI) ranged from -0.46 at 21-degrees-C to -0.70 at 18-degrees-C. Considered together, DELTAH and PHI values suggest an optimal temperature range of 15-18-degrees-C for hemoglobin O2 loading and unloading in northern squawfish. Nonbicarbonate buffer values ranged from -10.04 at 21-degrees-C to -14.13 at 9-degrees-C. Overall, the high O2 affinities and hyperbolic blood O2 equilibrium curves of northern squawfish resemble those of other large cyprinids (e.g., common carp, Cyprinus carpio, tench, Tinca tinca, Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus) indicating a better ability to tolerate hypoxic environments than sympatric rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. High northern squawfish blood O2 capacities and PHIs suggest high aerobic capacity, especially at temperatures <21-degrees-C. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605. RP CECH, JJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT WILDLIFE & FISHERIES BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1139/f94-003 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NC198 UT WOS:A1994NC19800003 ER PT J AU WILMOT, RL EVERETT, RJ SPEARMAN, WJ BACCUS, R VARNAVSKAYA, NV PUTIVKIN, SV AF WILMOT, RL EVERETT, RJ SPEARMAN, WJ BACCUS, R VARNAVSKAYA, NV PUTIVKIN, SV TI GENETIC STOCK STRUCTURE OF WESTERN ALASKA CHUM SALMON AND A COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN FAR-EAST STOCKS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; AGE AB Substantial genetic divergence was found among chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) populations collected from North America and Russia. Five major groups of populations can be identified by geographic region: (1) lower Yukon River summer run; (2) upper Yukon River fall run; (3) Bristol Bay area; (4) Alaska Peninsula; and (5) Russia. Mean heterozygosities were 0.064, 0.062, 0.065, 0.064, and 0.063, respectively; and the percent polymorphic loci values at the 0.99 level were 33.7, 31.3, 32.6, 30.6, and 30.9%, respectively. The hierarchical gene diversity analysis showed that 95.42% of the diversity can be explained by heterogeneity within sites, 1.36% among sites, 0.49% between Yukon River run timing, 1.69% among areas, and 1.04% among countries. The Alaska Peninsula populations are genetically more similar to populations from Russia than to those from western Alaska, and two populations from the upper Yukon River are distinct from other nearby populations. Possible reasons for these findings concern the complex glacial histories of the watersheds. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. PACIFIC FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,PETROPAVLOVSK KAMC 683602,RUSSIA. PACIFIC FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,MAGADAN,RUSSIA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1139/f94-297 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500011 ER PT J AU VARNAVSKAYA, NV WOOD, CC EVERETT, RJ AF VARNAVSKAYA, NV WOOD, CC EVERETT, RJ TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN SOCKEYE-SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA) POPULATIONS OF ASIA AND NORTH-AMERICA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID FREQUENCIES; VARIABILITY; LDH-B1; STOCK; WALB AB We investigated population structure in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to ecological characteristics and geographical distribution using allozyme allelic frequencies compiled from new and previously published analyses for 71 populations (300 collections) throughout the species' range. Up to 87 protein-coding loci were screened in some samples, but of these, 55% were monomorphic, and another 31% were only slightly polymorphic with variant allele frequencies <0.01. Only 8 loci were moderately or highly polymorphic with variant allele frequencies exceeding 0.10 in at least some collections. The highest variation ever reported in salmon was discovered at LDH-B2* where the *100 allele was fixed in some populations but rare in others. Genetic differentiation was typically greater among populations within regions than among regions. However, stock composition analysis based on patterns of Variation at the nine most useful loci appears to be feasible for most major stocks examined in this study. The low level of polymorphism in sockeye despite high variability at a few polymorphic loci is attributed to precise homing to natal rivers and interactions among several colonizing races that survived the Pleistocene ice age in isolated refugia with different habitat characteristics. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,PACIFIC BIOL STN,BIOL SCI BRANCH,NANAIMO,BC V9R 5K6,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. RP VARNAVSKAYA, NV (reprint author), KAMCHATKA FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,NABEREJNAIA 18,PETROPAVLOVSK KAMC 683602,RUSSIA. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 132 EP 146 DI 10.1139/f94-300 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500014 ER PT J AU VARNAVSKAYA, NV WOOD, CC EVERETT, RJ WILMOT, RL VARNAVSKY, VS MIDANAYA, VV QUINN, TP AF VARNAVSKAYA, NV WOOD, CC EVERETT, RJ WILMOT, RL VARNAVSKY, VS MIDANAYA, VV QUINN, TP TI GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SUBPOPULATIONS OF SOCKEYE-SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA) WITHIN LAKES OF ALASKA, BRITISH-COLUMBIA, AND KAMCHATKA, RUSSIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID FREQUENCIES; POPULATIONS; SYSTEM; RIVER; WILD AB Genetic differentiation among subpopulations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) was investigated within nine intensively sampled lake systems located throughout the species' range using allozyme allelic frequency data collected by researchers in Canada, Russia, and the United States. Allelic frequencies at up to nine highly polymorphic loci were used to examine genetic diversity among 163 samples collected from 68 distinct spawning sites and to identify subpopulation structure within lakes. Significant heterogeneity was detected among sites within all lakes. The greatest differentiation was evident among subpopulations exhibiting different run timing (earlier vs. later) or utilizing different spawning habitat (tributary vs. littoral). These findings indicate that sockeye home precisely to natal streams, not just to lake systems, and underscore the importance of conserving individual spawning sites within sockeye populations. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,PACIFIC BIOL STN,BIOL SCI BRANCH,NANAIMO,BC V9R 5K6,CANADA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES WH10,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP VARNAVSKAYA, NV (reprint author), KAMCHATKHA FISHERIES & OCEANOG RES INST,NABEREJNAIA 18,PETROPAVLOVSK KAMC 683602,RUSSIA. NR 33 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1139/f94-301 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500015 ER PT J AU KOPASKAMERKEL, DC SCHMOKER, JW AF KOPASKAMERKEL, DC SCHMOKER, JW TI REGIONAL POROSITY EVOLUTION IN THE SMACKOVER FORMATION OF ALABAMA SO CARBONATES AND EVAPORITES LA English DT Article ID JURASSIC SMACKOVER; CARBONATE POROSITY; THERMAL MATURITY; GULF-COAST; PETROLEUM; ORIGIN; CLASSIFICATION; SOUTHWESTERN; RESERVOIRS; FLORIDA AB The Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) Smackover Formation is the most prolific oil producer in Alabama. Smackover strata in Alabama were deposited on carbonate ramps under conditions of stable relative sea level. Reservoir rocks consist primarily of nonskeletal (primarily oolitic and pelletal) dolograinstone, with lesser amounts of nonskeletal dolopackstone, microbial doloboundstone, and nondolomitized nonskeletal grainstone and packstone. Porous and permeable strata are classified on the basis of the relative proportions of genetic pore types as belonging to one of three pore facies: moldic, intercrystalline, and intermediate (mixtures of moldic and intercrystalline pores at various scales). Equivalent vitrinite reflectance (R(o)) data, commercial core-plug porosity data, conventional core description, and point counting of petrographic thin sections were used to evaluate the relationships among thermal exposure, pore types, and porosity evolution in Smackover reservoirs in Alabama. Porosity and thermal exposure are inversely related in Smackover reservoirs of Alabama, as they are in most sedimentary rocks. However, the overall correlation between porosity and R(o) is not strong, indicating that other factors significantly affected porosity evolution. Factors of rock type (limestone vs. dolomite), depositional environment, and depositional fabric did not strongly influence regional porosity evolution. By contrast, mode of dolomitization as expressed by pore-facies classification had a direct effect on regional porosity evolution. This results from regional geographic trends in mode of dolomitization. Subdivision of the data set by pore facies increases correlation coefficients of porosity-R(o) as a function of geographic variation in pore-facies assignment. Intermediate pore systems are more porous than moldic pore systems at a given value of R(o). Reservoirs with intercrystalline pore systems were too few to analyze quantitatively, but these reservoirs plot approximately within the field defined by intermediate reservoirs on a porosity-R(o) plot, and resemble intermediate reservoirs petrophysically. Smackover reservoir rocks on the north flank of the eastern (Alabama) end of the Wiggins arch, a major paleohigh that was partially exposed throughout deposition of the Smackover, are unusually porous for the Smackover of Alabama. Smackover reservoirs in this area are unique in other ways as well: they are more completely dolomitized, contain more hydrocarbons than would a similar number of Smackover fields elsewhere in Alabama, are dominated by intercrystalline pore systems (uncommon elsewhere in the Alabama Smackover), and exhibit values of mean porosity, mean permeability, standard deviation of permeability, Dykstra-Parsons coefficient, and microscopic reservoir heterogeneity (variable defined by Kopaska-Merkel and Mann, 1992) that deviate from regional trends. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO. RP KOPASKAMERKEL, DC (reprint author), GEOL SURVEY ALABAMA,POB O,TUSCALOOSA,AL 35486, USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NORTHEASTERN SCIENCE FOUNDATION INC PI TROY PA PO BOX 746, TROY, NY 12181-0746 SN 0891-2556 J9 CARBONATE EVAPORITE JI Carbonates Evaporites PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 58 EP 75 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA NK554 UT WOS:A1994NK55400004 ER PT B AU KIPP, KL RUSSELL, TF OTTO, JS AF KIPP, KL RUSSELL, TF OTTO, JS BE Peters, A Wittum, G Herrling, B Meissner, U Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI 3-DIMENSIONAL D4Z RENUMBERING FOR ITERATIVE SOLUTION OF GROUND-WATER FLOW AND TRANSPORT EQUATIONS SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES X, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUL, 1994 CL UNIV HEIDELBERG, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY HO UNIV HEIDELBERG C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2937-6 J9 WATER TRANS PY 1994 VL 12 BP 1417 EP 1424 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BC43W UT WOS:A1994BC43W00171 ER PT B AU SAVAGE, WZ DENLINGER, RP AF SAVAGE, WZ DENLINGER, RP BE Siriwardane, HJ Zaman, MM TI GRAVITY-INDUCED STRESSES IN FINITE SLOPES SO COMPUTER METHODS AND ADVANCES IN GEOMECHANICS, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics CY MAY 22-28, 1994 CL MORGANTOWN, WV SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Geomech Geotech & Geo Environm Syst Program C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-383-3 PY 1994 BP 2489 EP 2492 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology; Mathematics GA BB28M UT WOS:A1994BB28M00107 ER PT S AU GRENNEY, W SENTI, T BOVEE, K AF GRENNEY, W SENTI, T BOVEE, K BE Guariso, G Page, B TI KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING IN-STREAM HABITAT SO COMPUTER SUPPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SE IFIP TRANSACTIONS B-APPLICATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC5/WG5.11 Working Conference on Computer Support for Environmental Impact Assessment (CSEIA 93) CY OCT 06-08, 1993 CL COMO, ITALY SP INT FEDERAT INFORMAT PROC, TECH COMM COMP APPL TECHNOL. WG5.11 ID DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS; WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; SWMM C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. RP GRENNEY, W (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH WATER RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5481 BN 0-444-81838-3 J9 IFIP TRANS B PY 1994 VL 16 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA10D UT WOS:A1994BA10D00022 ER PT B AU MCCAMMON, RB AF MCCAMMON, RB BE Ramani, RV Mozumdar, BK Samaddar, AB TI DATABASES, DATA INTEGRATION, AND EXPERT-SYSTEMS - NEW DIRECTIONS IN MINERAL-RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND MINERAL EXPLORATION SO COMPUTERS IN MINERAL INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INDO-US Seminar and Round Table on Computer Methods in the Mineral Industry: State-of-the-Art and Assessment of Emerging Needs CY NOV 11-15, 1991 CL INDIAN SCH MINES, DHANBAD, INDIA SP NATL SCI FDN, WASHINGTON, DEPT SCI & TECHNOL, NEW DELHI, INDIAN SCH MINES, DHANBAD, PENN STATE UNIV, UNIV PK, COAL INDIA LTD, CALCUTTA, CMC LTD, NEW DELHI HO INDIAN SCH MINES C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 920,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-242-X PY 1994 BP 293 EP 308 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BA64J UT WOS:A1994BA64J00020 ER PT J AU BACON, MP BELASTOCK, RA BOTHNER, MH AF BACON, MP BELASTOCK, RA BOTHNER, MH TI PB-210 BALANCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PARTICLE-TRANSPORT ON THE CONTINENTAL-SHELF, US MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; NEW-ENGLAND; MEAN FLOW; SEDIMENT; CARBON; SLOPE; FLUXES; EXPORT; VARIABILITY; DEPOSITION AB Supply of (210)pb to the continental shelf off the northeastern United States is dominated by the deposition from the atmosphere, the rate of which is reliably known from previously published work. Excess (210)pb inventories in the shelf sediments show accumulations that are nearly in balance with the supply, even in areas of relict sands where it is believed that no net accumulation of sediment presently occurs. The (210)pb distributions in shelf and slope water indicate that the two-way fluid exchange at the shelf-slope front and the net transport in the alongshore Row make comparatively small contributions to the shelf (210)pb budget: The near balance between supply and decay of (210)pb on the shelf implies a limit to the particle export flux. It is concluded that the export of particulate organic carbon does not exceed 60 g m(-2) y(-1) (similar to 25% of primary production) and is probably lower. The hypothesis is advanced that fine particulate matter introduced to the continental shelf is detained in its transit of the shelf because of bioturbational trapping in the sediment due to benthic animals. Distributions of (210)pb in suspended particulate matter and in the fine fraction of shelf sediments suggest that the average fine particle must undergo several cycles of deposition-bioturbation-resuspension-redeposition and requires a number of decades for its transit and ultimate export from the shelf. Thus, only the most refractory organic matter is likely to be exported. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP BACON, MP (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 511 EP 535 DI 10.1016/0967-0645(94)90033-7 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PP980 UT WOS:A1994PP98000013 ER PT B AU SCHUSTER, PF REDDY, MM SHERWOOD, SI AF SCHUSTER, PF REDDY, MM SHERWOOD, SI BE Krumbein, WE Brimblecombe, P Cosgrove, DE Staniforth, S TI EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN AND SULFUR DIOXIDE ON MARBLE DISSOLUTION SO DURABILITY AND CHANGE: THE SCIENCE, RESPONSIBILITY, AND COST OF SUSTAINING CULTURAL HERITAGE SE DAHLEM WORKSHOP REPORTS : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dahlem Workshop on Durability and Change: The Science, Responsibility, and Cost of Sustaining Cultural Heritage CY DEC 06-11, 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOULDER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA BAFFINS LANE, CHICHESTER, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD BN 0-471-95221-4 J9 DAHL WS ENV PY 1994 VL 15 BP 173 EP 190 PG 18 WC Archaeology; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Archaeology; History & Philosophy of Science GA BD21Q UT WOS:A1994BD21Q00014 ER PT J AU FLOHR, MJK AF FLOHR, MJK TI TITANIUM, VANADIUM, AND NIOBIUM MINERALIZATION AND ALKALI METASOMATISM FROM THE MAGNET COVE COMPLEX, ARKANSAS SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; AQUEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; CARBONATITE COMPLEX; IGNEOUS ROCKS; MINERALOGY; SPECIATION; MOBILITY; YTTRIUM; REE AB The Christy Ti-V-Nb deposit is hosted by the Arkansas Novaculite, adjacent to the carbonatite-alkaline Magnet Cove Complex. Mineralized rock contains up to 8 wt percent Ti, 2.68 wt percent V, and 0.124 wt percent Nb. Minor amounts of Li and Mo are present, and there is evidence for the preferential concentration of the middle to heavy rare earth elements (REE) in altered clay-rich dikes. Mineralized rock consists of (1) thermally recrystallized novaculite that is partly replaced by actinolite, sodic amphibole, taeniolite (KLiMg2Si4O10F2), pyrite, and siderite, (2) brookite-bearing amphibole- and taeniolite-rich rock that contains siderite and pyrite, (3) quartz-brookite aggregates, and (4) goethite-rich rocks that form the oxidized zone of the deposit. Unaltered rock is scarce at the Christy deposit. Comparison of mineralized lithologies from the Christy deposit with those from two other areas of mineralization associated with the Magnet Cove Complex, the Magnet Cove Titanium Corporation deposit (''Rutile deposit'') and the Hardy-Walsh prospect, provides mineralogical and chemical evidence for the source of the mineralizing fluids at the Christy deposit. Massive clay-rich (kaolinite +/- smectite) dikes are in contact with the mineralized zones of the Christy deposit. The presence of relict K feldspar and pyrite in the least altered dikes and certain characteristic trace elements (e.g., Ba, Rb) suggest that the Christy dikes are related to less pervasively altered rutile-mineralized, pyrite-bearing carbonate-feldspar dikes from the Rutile deposit. The feldspar-carbonate dikes from the Rutile deposit may be the products of intense alkali metasomatism of alkaline igneous silicate rocks that were emplaced prior to the intrusion of the Magnet Cove carbonatite. The Christy deposit formed through a series of complex processes. The initial phase of mineralization is directly related to the infiltration of novaculite by alkali-rich fluids that were probably derived from carbonatite magma. Introduction of the metasomatic fluids preceded emplacement of massive feldspar- and pyrite-bearing dikes that were subsequently altered to the clay-rich masses. Titanium, V, Nb, and Li were introduced by the alkali-rich fluids at temperatures that were, as indicated by fluid inclusion data (Willis et al., 1991), as high as 600-degrees-C. During the initial stage of mineralization, V was concentrated in aegirine and sodic amphibole, Li was concentrated in taeniolite, minor amounts of Ti were concentrated in aegirine, and pyrite formed. The replacement of novaculite by the aforementioned minerals yielded excess silica, which precipitated as quartz in veins and as clear overgrowths on recrystallized, inclusion-rich (partly replaced) quartz. Niobium- and V-bearing brookite precipitated with the quartz. Minerals formed during the first stage reacted with a second fluid at temperatures of 100-degrees to 300-degrees-C, as indicated by fluid inclusion data (Willis et al., 1991), and V was then concentrated in smectite and goethite. The isotopic composition of siderite [delta18O(SMOW) = 23.8-25.0parts per thousand, delta13C(PDB) = -7.1 to -8.9parts per thousand] suggests that the second fluid was a mixture of low-temperature metasomatic fluid and ground water. Vanadium was further concentrated in clay minerals (Breit et al., 1992), in goethite, and in vug minerals as low-temperature alteration proceeded. Brookite is not totally resistant to weathering and it is at least partly replaced by other oxides in the oxidized zone. RP FLOHR, MJK (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MAIL STOP 959,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 71 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI EL PASO PA UNIV TEXAS AT EL PASO ROOM 202 QUINN HALL, EL PASO, TX 79968 SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 89 IS 1 BP 105 EP 130 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA NE382 UT WOS:A1994NE38200006 ER PT J AU MALCOLM, RL HAYES, T AF MALCOLM, RL HAYES, T TI ORGANIC SOLUTE CHANGES WITH ACIDIFICATION IN LAKE SKJERVATJERN AS SHOWN BY H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB H-1-NMR spectroscopy has been found to be a useful tool to establish possible real differences and trends between all natural organic solute fractions (fulvic acids, humic acids, and XAD-4 acids) after acid-rain additions to the Lake Skjervatjern watershed. The proton NMR technique used in this study determined the spectral distribution of nonexchangeable protons among four peaks (aliphatic protons; aliphatic protons on carbon alpha or attached to electronegative groups; protons on carbons attached to O or N heteroatoms; and aromatic protons). Differences of 10% or more in the respective peak areas were considered to represent a real difference. After one year of acidification, fulvic acids decreased 13% (relative) in Peak 3 protons on carbon attached to N and O heteratoms and exhibited a decrease in aromatic protons between 27% and 31%. Humic acids also exhibited an 11% relative decrease in aromatic protons as a result of acidification. After one year of acidification, real changes were shown in three of the four proton assignments in XAD-4 acids. Peak 1 aliphatic protons increased by 14% (relative), Peak 3 protons on carbons attached to O and N heteroatoms decreased by 13% (relative), and aromatic protons (Peak 4) decreased by 35% (relative). Upon acidification, there was a trend in all solutes for aromatic protons to decrease and aliphatic protons to increase. The natural variation in organic solutes as shown in the Control Side B of the lake from 1990 to 1991 is perhaps a small limitation to the same data interpretations of acid rain changes at the Lake Skjervatjern site, but the proton NMR technique shows great promise as an independent scientific tool to detect and support other chemical techniques in establishing organic solute changes with different treatments (i.e., additions of acid rain). RP MALCOLM, RL (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 3 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(94)90113-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM129 UT WOS:A1994NM12900005 ER PT S AU KRABBENHOFT, DP BOWSER, CJ KENDALL, C GAT, JR AF KRABBENHOFT, DP BOWSER, CJ KENDALL, C GAT, JR BE Baker, LA TI USE OF O-18 AND DEUTERIUM TO ASSESS THE HYDROLOGY OF GROUNDWATER-LAKE SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF LAKES AND RESERVOIRS SE ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs, at the 201st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID PRECIPITATION-DOMINATED LAKE; WATER; SEEPAGE; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE; BALANCE; MODEL AB A thorough understanding of a lake's hydrology is essential for many lake studies. In some situations the interactions between groundwater systems and lakes are complex; in other cases the hydrology of a multilake system needs to be quantified. In such places, stable isotopes offer an alternative to the more traditional piezometer networks, which are costly to install and time-consuming to maintain. The stable-isotope mass-balance relations presented here can he used to estimate groundwater exchange rates for individual lakes and geographically clustered lakes. These relations also can be used to estimate other hydrological factors, such as average relative humidity. In places where the groundwater system is unstable (e.g., where flow; reversals occur), natural solute tracers may provide a better alternative than stable isotopes for estimating rates of groundwater flow to and from lakes. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RP KRABBENHOFT, DP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-2393 BN 0-8412-2526-5 J9 ADV CHEM SER PY 1994 VL 237 BP 67 EP 90 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BZ52H UT WOS:A1994BZ52H00003 ER PT S AU LEENHEER, JA AF LEENHEER, JA BE Baker, LA TI CHEMISTRY OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER IN RIVERS, LAKES, AND RESERVOIRS SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF LAKES AND RESERVOIRS SE ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs, at the 201st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID BIG SODA LAKE; PREPARATIVE ISOLATION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; NATURAL-WATERS; SOLUTES; NEVADA AB Recent investigations provide new insight on the structural chemistry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwater environments and the role of these structures in contaminant binding. Molecular models of DOM derived from allochthonous and autochthonous sources show that short-chain, branched, and alicyclic structures are terminated by carboxyl or methyl groups in DOM from both sources. Allochthonous DOM, however, had aromatic structures indicative of tannin and lignin residues, whereas the autochthonous DOM was characterized by aliphatic alicyclic structures indicative of lipid hydrocarbons as the source. DOM isolated from different morphoclimatic regions had minor structural differences. RP LEENHEER, JA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-2393 BN 0-8412-2526-5 J9 ADV CHEM SER PY 1994 VL 237 BP 195 EP 221 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BZ52H UT WOS:A1994BZ52H00007 ER PT S AU HURLEY, JP KRABBENHOFT, DP BABIARZ, CL ANDREN, AW AF HURLEY, JP KRABBENHOFT, DP BABIARZ, CL ANDREN, AW BE Baker, LA TI CYCLING OF MERCURY ACROSS THE SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE IN SEEPAGE LAKES SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF LAKES AND RESERVOIRS SE ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs, at the 201st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 14-19, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER CHEM SOC ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; NATURAL-WATERS; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SUB-NANOGRAM; WISCONSIN; H2S; METHYLMERCURY; ACIDIFICATION; SPECIATION AB The magnitude and direction of Hg fluxes across the sediment-water interface were estimated by groundwater, dry bulk sediment, sediment pore water, sediment trap, and water-column analyses in two northern Wisconsin seepage lakes. Little Rock Lake (Treatment Basin) received no groundwater discharge during the study period (1988-1990), and Pallette Lake received continuous groundwater discharge. In Little Rock Lake, settling of particulate matter accounted for the major Hg delivery mechanism to the sediment-water interface. Upward diffusion of Hg from sediment pore waters below 2-4-cm sediment depth teas apparently a minor source during summer stratification. Time-series comparisons suggested that the observed buildup of Hg in the hypolimnion of little Rock Lake was attributable to dissolution and diffusion of Hg from recently fallen particulate matter close to the sediment-water interface. Groundwater inflow represented an important source of new Hg, and groundwater outflow accounted for significant removal of Hg from Pallette Lake. Equilibrium speciation calculations revealed that association of Hg with organic matter may control solubility in well-oxygenated waters, whereas in anoxic environments sulfur (polysulfide and bisulfide) complexation governs dissolved total Hg levels. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WATER CHEM PROGRAM,MADISON,WI 53706. US GEOL SURVEY,MADISON,WI 53719. RP HURLEY, JP (reprint author), WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,BUR RES,1350 FEMRITE DR,MONONA,WI 53716, USA. RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-2393 BN 0-8412-2526-5 J9 ADV CHEM SER PY 1994 VL 237 BP 425 EP 449 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology; Water Resources SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BZ52H UT WOS:A1994BZ52H00013 ER PT S AU KIMBALL, BA BROSHEARS, RE MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, KE AF KIMBALL, BA BROSHEARS, RE MCKNIGHT, DM BENCALA, KE BE Alpers, CN Blowes, DW TI EFFECTS OF INSTREAM PH MODIFICATION ON TRANSPORT OF SULFIDE-OXIDATION PRODUCTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SULFIDE OXIDATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation, at the 204th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC ID ACIDIC MOUNTAIN STREAM; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION; SURFACE WATERS; NATURAL-WATERS; FRESH-WATER; ALUMINUM; COLORADO AB We studied the dynamic response in aqueous concentrations of metals and sulfate to an experimental increase of pH in a mountain stream affected by acidic mine drainage. Downstream from mine spoils in St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado, U.S.A., ambient pH was 3.5; filtered concentrations of Al, Cu, Fe, and SO42- were 3.1, 0.18, 1.1, and 128 mg/L, respectively. Injection of Na2CO3 caused pH to increase to 4.2 and eventually to 5.9 at a site 24 meters downstream from the injection. Filtered Al decreased to 0.07 mg/L; Cu, to 0.12 mg/L; Fe, to 0.41 mg/L; and SO42- to 122 mg/L. Particulate metal concentrations increased as filtered concentrations decreased, indicating processes of partitioning. Measured concentrations compared favorably with concentrations calculated by a geochemical equilibrium model that simulated precipitation of amorphous Fe and Al hydroxysulfates and sorption of Cu to the precipitating Fe phase. Differences between measured values and concentrations simulated with a conservative solute transport model indicated the substantial buffering capacity of streambed sediments. Particulate concentrations of Al, Cu, and Fe decreased downstream because of sedimentation to the bed. After the injection, concentrations of filtered Al and Cu exceeded background levels. At a site 24 meters downstream, 100 percent of the particulate Al that had settled from the water column was returned after the injection; 53 percent of the Cu was returned, but only 19 percent of the Fe was returned. These observations are attributed to dissociation of the settled polynuclear complexes of Al and to desorption of Cu from the settled Fe phases. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,1745 WEST 1700 SOUTH,ROOM 1016,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84104, USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2772-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 550 BP 224 EP 243 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BZ71S UT WOS:A1994BZ71S00016 ER PT S AU WEBSTER, JG NORDSTROM, DK SMITH, KS AF WEBSTER, JG NORDSTROM, DK SMITH, KS BE Alpers, CN Blowes, DW TI TRANSPORT AND NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CU, ZN, AS, AND FE IN THE ACID-MINE DRAINAGE OF LEVIATHAN AND BRYANT CREEKS SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SULFIDE OXIDATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation, at the 204th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC ID ADSORPTION; WATERS AB The Leviathan and Bryant Creek (LBC) drainage system, on the border of California and Nevada, flows through overburden and waste from a former open-pit sulfur mine. The drainage contains acid mine waters with high concentrations of several trace elements, including Cu, Zn, and As, derived from oxidative weathering of sulfides in the wastes and altered bedrock. In June and October, 1982, the mainstream and tributary flows of the LBC drainage were measured and the waters sampled and analyzed for major and trace elements. Empirical mass flow and metal attenuation rates were determined, and chemical models were used to examine mechanisms of trace element removal during downstream transport. In June the flow in the mainstream was 2-5 times greater than in October, and with higher contributions from the acid mine effluent. Seasonal variations in the attenuation rates of Cu, Zn, and As were directly related to this increase in acid mine-effluent production, and to the consequent increase in the acidity of the mainstream drainage. Although As concentrations immediately below the mine site were high in June, As was readily removed from solution by adsorption onto an assumed iron(III) oxyhydroxysulfate precipitate, whereas Cu was incompletely adsorbed and Zn remained unaffected by adsorption. In October, the smaller discharge of acidic LBC drainage waters were more readily diluted (and neutralized) by other regional tributaries. Arsenic concentrations remained low, and both Cu and Zn were removed from solution by adsorption onto iron(III) oxyhydroxysulfate in the lower regions of the LBC drainage system. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP WEBSTER, JG (reprint author), INST ENVIRONM HLTH & FORENS SCI,POB 92021,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2772-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 550 BP 244 EP 260 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BZ71S UT WOS:A1994BZ71S00017 ER PT S AU NIMICK, DA MOORE, JN AF NIMICK, DA MOORE, JN BE Alpers, CN Blowes, DW TI STRATIGRAPHY AND CHEMISTRY OF SULFIDIC FLOODPLAIN SEDIMENTS IN THE UPPER CLARK-FORK-VALLEY, MONTANA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SULFIDE OXIDATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation, at the 204th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC ID EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RIVER; USA; DISSOLUTION; METALS; SOILS; SIZE AB Sulfide-rich tailings deposited by historic floods have contaminated large areas of the upper Clark Fork flood plain in western Montana. About 704,000 m(3) of mine wastes are spread over 274 ha of the flood plain along a 10-km reach near the river's headwaters. The tailings deposits primarily are fine-grained overbank deposits and point-bar deposits containing reworked mixtures of tailings and other sediment. Analyses of total and weak-acid extracts of the sediments show that As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn are released into solution by oxidation of the sulfides contained in the tailings. These constituents either move upward to the land surface and precipitate as hydrated metal sulfates or move downward to be concentrated in weak-acid-extractable phases in reduced tailings or pre-mining flood-plain deposits. Erodible flood-plain tailings are a major source of trace elements to the river. C1 UNIV MONTANA,DEPT GEOL,MISSOULA,MT 59812. RP NIMICK, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,HELENA,MT 59626, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2772-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 550 BP 276 EP 288 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BZ71S UT WOS:A1994BZ71S00019 ER PT S AU ALPERS, CN NORDSTROM, DK THOMPSON, JM AF ALPERS, CN NORDSTROM, DK THOMPSON, JM BE Alpers, CN Blowes, DW TI SEASONAL-VARIATIONS OF ZN/CU RATIOS IN ACID-MINE WATER FROM IRON-MOUNTAIN, CALIFORNIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SULFIDE OXIDATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation, at the 204th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC ID TAILINGS; ZONE AB Time-series data on Zn/Cu weight ratios from portal effluent compositions [(Zn/Cu)(water)] at Iron Mountain, California, show seasonal variations that can be related to the precipitation and dissolution of melanterite [(Fe-II,Zn,Cu)SO4.7H(2)O]. Mine water and actively forming melanterite were collected from underground mine workings and chemically analyzed. The temperature-dependent solubility of Zn-Cu-bearing melanterite solid solutions was investigated by heating-cooling experiments using the mine water. Rapid kinetics of melanterite dissolution and precipitation facilitated reversed solubility experiments at 25 degrees C. Non-reversed solubility data were obtained in the laboratory at 4 degrees and 35 degrees C and at ambient underground mine conditions (38 degrees and 42 degrees C). Copper is partitioned preferentially to zinc into melanterite solid solutions at all temperatures investigated. During the annual dry season, values of (Zn/Cu)(water) in the Richmond portal effluent increase to values between 8 to 13, consistent with formation of melanterite during this period. During the annual wet season, the onset of high discharge from the mine portals is characterized by a significant decrease in (Zn/Cu)(water) to values as low as 2. This phenomenon may be caused by dissolution of melanterite with values of (Zn/Cu)(solid) ranging from 1.5 to 3.5. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOULDER,CO 80303. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV GEOL,VOLCAN & GEOTHERMAL PROC BRANCH,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP ALPERS, CN (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,FED BLDG,ROOM W-2233,2800 COTTAGE WAY,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825, USA. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2772-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 550 BP 324 EP 344 PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BZ71S UT WOS:A1994BZ71S00022 ER PT S AU CRAVOTTA, CA AF CRAVOTTA, CA BE Alpers, CN Blowes, DW TI SECONDARY IRON-SULFATE MINERALS AS SOURCES OF SULFATE AND ACIDITY - GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF ACIDIC GROUND-WATER AT A RECLAIMED SURFACE COAL-MINE IN PENNSYLVANIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SULFIDE OXIDATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry of Sulfide Oxidation, at the 204th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV GEOCHEM INC ID OXIDATION; DRAINAGE; SYSTEMS; PYRITE AB Despite negligible concentrations of dissolved oxygen (O-2) in ground water, concentrations of sulfate (SO42-) and acidity increase with depth along paths of ground-water flow from the water table in mine spoil through underlying bedrock at a reclaimed surface coal mine in the bituminous field of western Pennsylvania. This trend can result from the oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) in the unsaturated zone, transport of oxidation products, and additional oxidation in the saturated zone. FeS2 can be oxidized by O-2 or by ferric ions (Fe3+) in the absence of O-2. In acidic water, Fe3+ is more soluble than O-2. Iron-sulfate hydrates, including romerite [(FeFe2III)-Fe-II (SO4)(4).14H(2)O], copiapite [(FeFe4III)-Fe-II (SO4)(6)(OH)(2).20H(2)O], and coquimbite [Fe-2(III) (SO4)(3).9H(2)O], are associated with FeS2 in coal from the mine. These soluble salts can form on the surface of oxidizing FeS2 in unsaturated mine spoil, coal, and overburden, and can dissolve in ground water thereby releasing SO42- and Fe3+. Subsequent oxidation of pyritic sulfur by Fe3+ and (or) hydrolysis of Fe3+ will produce acid under water-saturated conditions, even if O-2 is not present in the system. RP CRAVOTTA, CA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,840 MARKET ST,LEMOYNE,PA 17043, USA. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2772-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1994 VL 550 BP 345 EP 364 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BZ71S UT WOS:A1994BZ71S00023 ER PT J AU WANG, WC AF WANG, WC TI RICE SEED TOXICITY TESTS FOR ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB Plant seed toxicity tests can be used to evaluate hazardous waste sites and to assess toxicity of complex effluents and industrial chemicals. Conventional plant seed toxicity tests are performed using culture dishes containing filter paper. Some reports indicate that filter papers might interfere with the toxicity of inorganic substances. In this study, a plastic seed tray was used. Rice was used as the test species. A comparison of results in the literature and this study revealed that variation of test species, methods, exposure duration, and other factors may affect the test results. The results of this study showed that the order of decreasing toxicity of metal ions was Cu > Ag > Ni > Cd > Cr(VI) > Pb > Zn > Mn > NaF for rice. The test results were similar to those reported in the literature for lettuce Ag > Ni > Cd,Cu > Cr (VI) > Zn > Mn, millet Cu,Ni > Cd > Cr(VI) > Zn > Mn, and ryegrass Cu > Ni > Mn > > Pb > Cd > Zn > Al > Hg > Cr > Fe. The order of decreasing toxicity of organic herbicides was paraquat, 2,4-D > > glyphosate > bromacil. RP WANG, WC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,720 GRACERN RD,SUITE 129,COLUMBIA,SC 29210, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 29 IS 2 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1007/BF00546869 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NC712 UT WOS:A1994NC71200001 PM 24221291 ER PT J AU KING, KA CUSTER, TW WEAVER, DA AF KING, KA CUSTER, TW WEAVER, DA TI REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF BARN SWALLOWS NESTING NEAR A SELENIUM-CONTAMINATED LAKE IN EAST TEXAS, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; HIRUNDO-RUSTICA; CALIFORNIA; BIRDS; ACCUMULATION; RESIDUES; WATER; EGGS; LEAD AB Reproductive success and contaminant levels in 1986 and 1987 were compared between Barn Swallows nesting at selenium-contaminated Martin Lake, Texas, USA, and swallows nesting at a reference site. Nests were initiated about the same time or earlier at Martin Lake than at the reference site and clutch size was similar between the two locations. Nest success was significantly higher at Martin Lake than at the reference site and no embryo or chick deformities were documented Selenium concentrations in 14 of 20 eggs from Martin Lake were above background (>3 ppm, dry weight); two of 20 eggs contained >5 ppm, a concentration associated with a 20% embryo mortality/deformity rate in some bird species. Selenium concentrations in the kidneys of adult swallows were higher at Martin Lake (mean = 14 ppm dry weight) than at the reference site (5.8 ppm). DDE, the only detected organochlorine compound, was in two of 10 eggs from Martin Lake; these concentrations were below those associated with chronic poisoning and reproductive problems. The maximum mercury concentration in livers of adult Barn Swallows (0.83 ppm, dry weight) was within the range for background levels (<5 ppm). C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90070-1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT576 UT WOS:A1994MT57600008 PM 15091724 ER PT J AU CUSTER, TW HOHMAN, WL AF CUSTER, TW HOHMAN, WL TI TRACE-ELEMENTS IN CANVASBACKS (AYTHYA-VALISINERIA) WINTERING IN LOUISIANA, USA, 1987-1988 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE CANVASBACKS; CONTAMINANTS; LEAD; METALS; WATERFOWL ID INGESTED LEAD; HEAVY-METAL; BODY-MASS; WATERFOWL; TISSUES; MERCURY; BIRDS; SHOT; BAY AB We determined trace element concentrations in livers of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) collected at Catahoula Lake and the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana during, the winter of 1987-88. Forty percent of canvasbacks wintering at Lake Catahoula had elevated concentrations of lead (>6.7 mug g-1 dry weight) in the liver; 33% had concentrations consistent with lead intoxication (>26.7 mug g-1). Based on the number of canvasbacks that winter at Lake Catahoula and the frequency of lead exposure there, more than 5% of the continental population of canvasbacks may be exposed to lead at Lake Catahoula alone. Lead concentrations in livers differed among months and were higher in males than females, but were not different in adults and immatures. Concentrations of selenium and mercury in livers of females differed among months but not by age or location. Cadmium concentrations in livers differed by age, location and month of collection, but not by sex. Frequencies and concentrations of trace elements not commonly associated with adverse effects on avian species (aluminum, arsenic, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, silver, vanadium and zinc) are presented. Except for the elevated concentrations of lead at Catahoula Lake, all trace elements were at background concentrations. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS RES CTR,LAFAYETTE,LA 70506. RP CUSTER, TW (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,N CENT RES GRP,POB 1897,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90136-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX750 UT WOS:A1994MX75000005 PM 15091696 ER PT J AU MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM AF MILLS, MS THURMAN, EM TI REDUCTION OF NONPOINT-SOURCE CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE-WATER AND GROUNDWATER BY STARCH ENCAPSULATION OF HERBICIDES SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; S-TRIAZINE; SOIL; ATRAZINE; TRANSPORT; RELEASE AB The loss of the preemergent herbicide atrazine in surface runoff from experimental field plots growing com (Zea mays L.) was significantly reduced using a starch-encapsulated formulation versus a conventional powdered formulation. Field edge losses of starch-encapsulated atrazine were described as following a Rayleigh distribution totaling 1.8 % of applied herbicide compared to exponential powdered atrazine losses of 2.9 % applied-a 40 % decrease. This has important implications for the reduction of nonpoint source contamination of surface water by agricultural chemicals. Unsaturated zone release of starch-encapsulated atrazine was gradual, but comparable weed control was maintained. Deethylatrazine was a major dealkylated metabolite from each formulation, and deisopropylatrazine was a minor metabolite. The determination of soil partition coefficients for deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine (0.4 and 0.3, respectively), aqueous solubilities (3200 and 670 mg/L, respectively), and melting points (133 and 177-degrees-C, respectively) confirmed that the dealkylated metabolites should move more rapidly through the soil profile to groundwater than atrazine. RP MILLS, MS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,4821 QUAIL CREST PL,LAWRENCE,KS 66049, USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 45 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1021/es00050a011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP604 UT WOS:A1994MP60400020 PM 22175835 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LD KENT, DB DAVIS, JA AF ANDERSON, LD KENT, DB DAVIS, JA TI BATCH EXPERIMENTS CHARACTERIZING THE REDUCTION OF CR(VI) USING SUBOXIC MATERIAL FROM A MILDLY REDUCING SAND AND GRAVEL AQUIFER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE STRAIN; CHROMATE REDUCTION; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; DISSOLUTION; ADSORPTION; IRON; MAGNETITE; MECHANISM AB Batch experiments were conducted with sand collected from a shallow sand and gravel aquifer to identify the principal chemical reactions influencing the reduction of Cr(VI), so that field-observed Cr(VI) reduction could be described. The reduction appeared to be heterogeneous and occurred primarily on Fe(II)-bearing minerals. At only 1 wt %, the fine fraction (<64 mum diameter) of the sediments dominated the amount of aqueous Cr(VI) reduction because of its greater reactivity and surface area. Although reduction of Cr(VI) increased with decreasing pH, small variations in the abundance of fine fraction among the replicate samples obscured pH trends in the batch experiments. Consistent results could only be obtained by separating the fine material from the sand and running parallel experiments on each fraction. As pH decreased (6.4 to 4.5), Cr(VI) reduction increased from 30 to 50 nmol/m2 for the sand fraction (64-1000 mum) and from 130 to 200 nmol/m2 for the fine fraction. The amount of Cr(VI) reduced in both the sand-sized and fine material increased from 35 to 80 and from 130 to 1000 nmol/m2, respectively, for a 10-fold increase in Cr(VI)initial. A consistent description of the rate data was achieved by assuming that intraparticle diffusion limited the observed rate of reduction. RP ANDERSON, LD (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, DIV WATER RESOURCES, 345 MIDDLEFIELD RD, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. NR 58 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1021/es00050a025 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MP604 UT WOS:A1994MP60400034 PM 22175849 ER PT B AU CHRISTIAN, EJ GAUSLIN, TL AF CHRISTIAN, EJ GAUSLIN, TL BE Cothern, CR Ross, NP TI MECHANISMS TO ACCESS INFORMATION ABOUT SPATIAL DATA SO ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS, ASSESSMENT, AND FORECASTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Statistics, Assessment, and Forecasting, at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 26, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, ENVIRONMENTAL DIV C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-936-0 PY 1994 BP 299 EP 312 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BA62A UT WOS:A1994BA62A00018 ER PT J AU HOWE, GE MARKING, LL BILLS, TD RACH, JJ MAYER, FL AF HOWE, GE MARKING, LL BILLS, TD RACH, JJ MAYER, FL TI EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE AND PH ON TOXICITY OF TERBUFOS, TRICHLORFON, 4-NITROPHENOL AND 2,4-DINITROPHENOL TO THE AMPHIPOD GAMMARUS-PSEUDOLIMNAEUS AND RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE; PH; AMPHIPODS; RAINBOW TROUT; TOXICITY ID AQUATIC ORGANISMS AB Acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine (a) the individual and interactive effects of water temperature (7, 12, 17-degrees-C), pH (6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5), and time on the toxicity of terbufos, trichlorfon, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, and (b) the individual and interactive effects of water temperature and pH on chemical bioconcentration during acute tests with rainbow trout and Gammarus exposed to terbufos, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The toxicity of all four chemicals was significantly affected by pH in all tests, except for Gammarus exposed to terbufos. The toxicity of terbufos to rainbow trout and Gammarus was less at pH 7.5 than at higher or lower pH. The toxicity of both nitrophenols decreased as pH increased, whereas the toxicity of trichlorfon increased with pH. The effect of pH on trichlorfon toxicity decreased with temperature. Temperature significantly affected the toxicity of all four chemicals to both species. Toxicity increased with temperature in all tests, except for rainbow trout exposed to nitrophenols; toxicity decreased as temperature increased for rainbow trout. Chemical bioconcentration was also significantly affected by temperature and pH and was directly related to toxicity in most tests. Significant interactive effects between toxicity-modifying factors were also frequently observed. Temperature and pH effects on chemical toxicity need to be considered in chemical hazard assessment to ensure adequate protection of aquatic organisms. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP HOWE, GE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 30 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 21 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[51:EOWTAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MP595 UT WOS:A1994MP59500009 ER PT J AU BRECKENFOLSE, JA MAYER, FL PEDIGO, LE MARKING, LL AF BRECKENFOLSE, JA MAYER, FL PEDIGO, LE MARKING, LL TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF 4-NITROPHENOL, 2,4-DINITROPHENOL, TERBUFOS AND TRICHLORFON TO GRASS SHRIMP (PALAEMONETES SPP) AND SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS (CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS) AS AFFECTED BY SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE; SALINITY; TOXICITY; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS; GRASS SHRIMP ID CHEMICALS; EMBRYOS AB The toxicities of two industrial chemicals (4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol) and two organophosphate insecticides (terbufos and trichlorfon) to juvenile grass shrimp (Palaemonetes spp.) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were determined by static, %-h toxicity tests in a factorial design with 12 combinations of salinity and temperature (15, 20, 25, 30 ppt x 17, 22, 27-degrees-C). Concentrations of the toxicants, including bioconcentration, were determined as appropriate by gas or liquid chromatography and the use of C-14-labeled compounds. The 96-h LC50s for 4-nitrophenol ranged from 12 to 31 mg/L and for 2,4-dinitrophenol from 13 to 50 mg/L. Toxicity decreased as salinity increased for 4-nitrophenol and both test organisms. Toxicity decreased as salinity increased for 2,4-dinitrophenol and sheepshead minnows, but toxicity to grass shrimp increased as salinity increased. Toxicity decreased with increased temperature for grass shrimp exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol and sheepshead minnows exposed to 4-nitrophenol, increased with temperature for sheepshead minnows ''posed to 2,4-dinitrophenol, and no change was observed for grass shrimp exposed to 4-nitrophenol. Bioconcentration of phenols in both test organisms increased as concentration increased. The 96-h LC50s for terbufos ranged from 3.4 to 6.6 mug/L and for trichlorfon from 6.3 to 19,300 mug/L. Terbufos and trichlorfon toxicity to grass shrimp and sheepshead minnows increased with increased temperature. BCFs for terbufos were greater in sheepshead minnows than grass shrimp, but were reversed for trichlorfon. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,TECH RESOURCES INC,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,KRAWFORDVILLE,FL 32326. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,LA CROSSE,WI 54602. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[67:ATONDT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MP595 UT WOS:A1994MP59500010 ER PT J AU HOWE, GE MARKING, LL BILLS, TD BOOGAARD, MA MAYER, FL AF HOWE, GE MARKING, LL BILLS, TD BOOGAARD, MA MAYER, FL TI EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF 4-NITROPHENOL AND 2,4-DINITROPHENOL TO DEVELOPING RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE; ELS; TOXICITY; NITROPHENOL; RAINBOW TROUT ID AQUATIC ORGANISMS AB Early-life-stage (ELS) toxicity tests were conducted to determine the effect of selected water temperatures on the toxicity of 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). NOECs were determined for growth and mortality at selected time intervals and water temperatures of 7, 12, and 17-degrees-C. As tests progressed, NOECs leveled to constant time-independent values that were similar for tests at each temperature. In 4-nitrophenol tests, the time-independent NOEC values at 7, 12, and 17-degrees-C, respectively, were 1. 16, 1.20, and 1. 16 mg/L for growth and 3.40, 3.38, and 2.20 mg/L for mortality. For 2,4-dinitrophenol, time-independent NOEC values at 7, 12, and 17-degrees-C, respectively, were 1.07, 0.50, and 0.80 mg/L for growth and 1.30, 1.89, and 1.60 mg/L for mortality. Temperature did, however, affect the rate at which time-independent NOECs were reached. More time was required to reach time-independent NOECs as temperature decreased. For example, the time-independent NOEC in 4-nitrophenol tests at 17-degrees-C was reached in 14 d, whereas it required 42 d at 7-degrees-C. The effect of temperature on toxicity must be considered in hazard assessment protocols to assess risk accurately and protect aquatic organisms adequately. Chronic toxicity tests are necessary to assess risk because acute toxicity tests cannot provide the information necessary to predict the long-term effects of factors such as temperature in natural environments. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GULF BREEZE,FL 32561. RP HOWE, GE (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,POB 818,LA CROSSE,WI 54602, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[79:EOWTOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MP595 UT WOS:A1994MP59500011 ER PT J AU LINTON, TK MAYER, FL SIMON, TL MALONE, JA MARKING, LL AF LINTON, TK MAYER, FL SIMON, TL MALONE, JA MARKING, LL TI SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CHRONIC TOXICITY OF 2,4-DINITROPHENOL AND 4-NITROPHENOL TO SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS (CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SALINITY; TEMPERATURE; NITROPHENOLS; CHRONIC; TOXICITY ID AQUATIC ORGANISMS; EMBRYOS; GROWTH; FISH AB Toxicity tests (28-d early-life-stage) were conducted to determine the effects of nine combinations of salinity (15, 20, 25 ppt) and temperature (22, 27, 32-degrees-C) on the toxicity of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). The highest tested concentration having no observed effect (NOEC) on mortality and growth was derived weekly. The NOECs at test termination indicated that the survival and growth of fish exposed to 2,4-dinitrophenol were not significantly affected by salinity, temperature, or the salinity temperature interaction. However, 28-d NOECs of fish surviving from 4-nitrophenol exposures were significantly affected by temperature, but the highest value exceeded the lowest by only a factor of two. The overall data suggest that variations of salinity and temperature do not change the NOEC; only the exposure time required to attain the same NOEC is altered. C1 US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, TECH RESOURCES INC, GULF COAST RES LAB, GULF BREEZE, FL 32561 USA. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, NATL FISHERIES RES CTR, LA CROSSE, WI 54602 USA. MCMASTER UNIV, HAMILTON L8S 4L8, ONTARIO, CANADA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1994)13[85:SATEOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MP595 UT WOS:A1994MP59500012 ER PT S AU BLUM, AE AF BLUM, AE BE Parsons, I TI FELDSPARS IN WEATHERING SO FELDSPARS AND THEIR REACTIONS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Feldspars and Their Reactions CY JUN 29-JUL 10, 1993 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP NATO C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94301. NR 0 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-2722-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1994 VL 421 BP 595 EP 630 PG 36 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BA12F UT WOS:A1994BA12F00015 ER PT B AU CELEBI, M AF CELEBI, M GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI SEISMIC RESPONSE OF A 13-STORY BUILDING SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84D UT WOS:A1994BB84D00009 ER PT B AU SAFAK, E AF SAFAK, E GP EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RES INST TI SIMULATION OF EARTHQUAKE MOTIONS AT SOIL SITES SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BB84F UT WOS:A1994BB84F00004 ER PT B AU HAYS, WW AF HAYS, WW GP EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RES INST TI TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOLLOWING POSTEARTHQUAKE INVESTIGATIONS SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BB84F UT WOS:A1994BB84F00036 ER PT B AU LEYENDECKER, EV ALGERMISSEN, ST FRANKEL, A AF LEYENDECKER, EV ALGERMISSEN, ST FRANKEL, A GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI USE OF SPECTRAL RESPONSE MAPS AND UNIFORM HAZARD RESPONSE SPECTRA IN BUILDING CODES SO FIFTH U.S NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DFC,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84G UT WOS:A1994BB84G00036 ER PT B AU FRANKEL, A THENHAUS, P PERKINS, D LEYENDECKER, EV AF FRANKEL, A THENHAUS, P PERKINS, D LEYENDECKER, EV GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE USGS NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT PROJECT SO FIFTH U.S NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DFC,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 599 EP 607 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84G UT WOS:A1994BB84G00058 ER PT J AU MAZIK, PM PLAKAS, SM STEHLY, GR AF MAZIK, PM PLAKAS, SM STEHLY, GR TI EFFECTS OF DORSAL AORTA CANNULATION ON THE STRESS-RESPONSE OF CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHANNEL CATFISH; CANNULATION; STRESS; OSMOREGULATION; CORTISOL; GLUCOSE; CHLORIDE ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; HANDLING STRESS; CORTISOL; ETOMIDATE; GLUCOSE AB The stress response to dorsal aorta cannulation and serial blood sampling was examined in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish cannulated and repetitively sampled once a day for 7 days did not exhibit a change in response to surgery or to the 24h sample regime as measured by plasma cortisol, glucose, and chloride. In fish that were either serially bled (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48h) immediately after surgery or allowed to recover 6 days before being serially bled, overall plasma cortisol levels were higher than those of fish bled every 24h. Catfish serially bled immediately after surgery had significantly higher plasma glucose levels compared with catfish allowed to recover from surgery 6 days before serial sampling. Although channel catfish recover from cannulation surgery in 24h, a longer recovery period may be needed prior to serial sampling if the samples are taken more frequently than every 24h. C1 US FDA,GULF COAST SEAFOOD LAB,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528. RP MAZIK, PM (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SE FISH CULTURAL LAB,ROUTE 3,BOX 86,MARION,AL 36756, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KUGLER PUBLICATIONS BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 12 IS 5 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1007/BF00004308 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA MV563 UT WOS:A1994MV56300009 PM 24202974 ER PT S AU ALADOS, CL ESCOS, J EMLEN, JM AF ALADOS, CL ESCOS, J EMLEN, JM BE Novak, MM TI SCALE ASYMMETRY - A TOOL TO DETECT DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY UNDER THE FRACTAL GEOMETRY SCOPE SO FRACTALS IN THE NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES SE IFIP TRANSACTIONS A-COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IFIP Working Conference on Fractals in the Natural and Applied Sciences CY SEP 07-10, 1993 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP INT FEDERAT INFORMAT PROC DE FRACTAL DIMENSION; SCALE ASYMMETRY; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; HERBIVORY; PATTERNS; INDICATOR; SERENGETI; STRESS; PLANTS AB Under stress it can be expected organisms suffer a disruption in the homeostatic mechanisms that lead to normal developing patterns on morphological structures. Traditionally, fluctuating asymmetry has been used as a developmental instability measurement in bilateral symmetric organisms. But in this manuscript the fractal nature of many structures has been used as an early indicator of stress. Specifically, stress is observed to lead to decreased fractal dimension on bone saggital suture in gazelle skulls, and, in branch architecture in plants. Scale asymmetry measured as the error in the nonlinear inter body parts equation is related with stress in plants. Particularly, the allometric relationship among leaves arrangement as much as among branch order and size were found to be related with grazing pressure. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP ALADOS, CL (reprint author), CSIC,ESTAC EXPTL ZONAS ARIDAS,GEN SEGURA 1,E-04001 ALMERIA,SPAIN. RI Alados, Concepcion/K-8085-2014; Escos, Juan/L-4207-2014 OI Alados, Concepcion/0000-0002-6227-861X; Escos, Juan/0000-0003-2852-2911 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5473 BN 0-444-81628-3 J9 IFIP TRANS A PY 1994 VL 41 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BA10A UT WOS:A1994BA10A00003 ER PT B AU MUELLER, DS LANDERS, MN AF MUELLER, DS LANDERS, MN BE Pugh, CA TI Real-time data collection of scour at bridge SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,KENTUCKY DIST,LOUISVILLE,KY 40217. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 104 EP 113 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00011 ER PT B AU FULFORD, JM AF FULFORD, JM BE Pugh, CA TI Effects of simulated ice on the performance of Price type-AA current meter rotors SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 US GEOL SURVEY,WRD,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 251 EP 258 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00026 ER PT B AU OBERG, KA MUELLER, DS AF OBERG, KA MUELLER, DS BE Pugh, CA TI Recent applications of acoustic Doppler current profilers SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 US GEOL SURVEY,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 341 EP 350 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00036 ER PT B AU MASON, RR SHEPPARD, DM AF MASON, RR SHEPPARD, DM BE Pugh, CA TI Field performance of an acoustic scour-depth monitoring system SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RALEIGH,NC 27607. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 366 EP 375 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00038 ER PT B AU FULFORD, JM THIBODEAUX, KG KAEHRLE, WR AF FULFORD, JM THIBODEAUX, KG KAEHRLE, WR BE Pugh, CA TI Comparison of current meters used for stream gaging SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 US GEOL SURVEY,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 376 EP 385 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00039 ER PT B AU GRIFFIN, MS MUELLER, DS AF GRIFFIN, MS MUELLER, DS BE Pugh, CA TI Design and operation of a system to monitor sediment deposition for protection of an endangered mussel SO FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals and Advancements in Hydraulic Measurements and Experimentation CY AUG 01-05, 1994 CL BUFFALO, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Hydraul Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Irrigat & Drainage Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Canadian Soc Civil Engn C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40217. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0036-9 PY 1994 BP 472 EP 481 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BD80G UT WOS:A1994BD80G00048 ER PT B AU SCRIBNER, KT AVISE, JC AF SCRIBNER, KT AVISE, JC BE Beaumont, AR TI DEMOGRAPHIC AND LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE THE CYTONUCLEAR GENETIC COMPOSITION OF MOSQUITOFISH HYBRID POPULATIONS SO GENETICS AND EVOLUTION OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms Conference CY SEP 10-16, 1992 CL BANGOR, WALES C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ALASKA FISH & WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-49370-5 PY 1994 BP 280 EP 290 PG 11 WC Geography; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geography; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BA88B UT WOS:A1994BA88B00024 ER PT J AU EVANS, WC WHITE, LD TUTTLE, ML KLING, GW TANYILEKE, G MICHEL, RL AF EVANS, WC WHITE, LD TUTTLE, ML KLING, GW TANYILEKE, G MICHEL, RL TI 6 YEARS OF CHANGE AT LAKE NYOS, CAMEROON, YIELD CLUES TO THE PAST AND CAUTIONS FOR THE FUTURE SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAS DISASTER; WEST-AFRICA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER; CHEMISTRY; MONOUN; ORIGIN; BURST; MAAR; DAM AB The catastrophic release of gas from Lake Nyos, Cameroon, in 1986 caused substantial but incomplete mixing of the stratified water column. The post-release evolution of water-column structure has been monitored through April 1992. Changes began immediately after the event as rainfall and inflow brought dilute fluid into the surface layer. Inflow and surface mixing have gradually deepened the chemocline. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) values in the upper 40 m of the water column have dropped from a few hundred mg/kg just after the release to <100 mg/kg. The chemocline is presently strongest at 50 m depth; 5 m below this, the TDS = 570 mg/kg. From 55 to 150 m depth is a gentle gradient in which TDS reaches 920 mg/kg. Little change in water-column chemistry has occurred in this depth interval since the release. Between 150 m depth and lake bottom at 210 m depth, a strong secondary chemocline has formed. Temperature, CO2 concentration ([CO2]), and TDS have all increased in the deepest layer in response to recharge by warm, mineralized water, reaching values of 25.0-degrees-C, 320 mmol/kg, and 1800 mg/kg, respectively, 1 m above lake bottom. Considering all these changes in part as a ''recovery'' process, it is possible to construct a model of the pre-release water column. The data indicate that the pre-release chemocline was at least 50 m deep. Above the chemocline was a dilute layer containing a seasonal thermocline; below the chemocline was probably a gradient zone(s) with correlated increases in TDS and [CO2] and a secondary chemocline near lake bottom. Maximum values of TDS and [CO2] calculated for pre-release bottom water are 2400 mg/kg and 430 mmol/kg, respectively, based on tritium data. From this pre-release structure, a model of the gas release is proposed that is consistent with available chemical and observational data. An important feature of the model is that disruption of the pre-existing stratification was much more extensive than previously proposed, and even the deepest water layers were involved in the event. This model is not intended to limit possible gas release mechanisms, and thus complete re-establishment of pre- 1986 water-column conditions is not a prerequisite for a future release. Spontaneous instability could occur at lake bottom in <20 yr if dissolved gas pressures continue to increase in this zone by 0.5-1 bar/yr as they have for the last 6 yr. C1 US GEOL SURVEY, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. INST GEOL & MIN RES, YAOUNDE, CAMEROON. UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT BIOL, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. US GEOL SURVEY, RESTON, VA 22092 USA. RP EVANS, WC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA. RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012; Kling, George/C-7867-2015 OI Kling, George/0000-0002-6349-8227 NR 43 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN SN 0016-7002 EI 1880-5973 J9 GEOCHEM J JI Geochem. J. PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 139 EP 162 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA PL104 UT WOS:A1994PL10400002 ER PT J AU HEIN, JR YEH, HW GUNN, SH GIBBS, AE WANG, CH AF HEIN, JR YEH, HW GUNN, SH GIBBS, AE WANG, CH TI COMPOSITION AND ORIGIN OF HYDROTHERMAL IRONSTONES FROM CENTRAL PACIFIC SEAMOUNTS SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BACK-ARC BASIN; SOUTHWEST PACIFIC; FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS; LOIHI-SEAMOUNT; METALLIFEROUS SEDIMENTS; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SUBMARINE VOLCANO; FUCA RIDGE; DEPOSITS AB Ironstones recovered from five Late Cretaceous seamounts in the central Pacific region probably formed during late-stage edifice-building volcanism. Ironstones are dense and compact with the appearance of brown chert. The ironstones are characterized by a goethite mineralogy with FeOOH contents up to 88%, extreme fractionation of Fe and Mn, low trace-element and rare earth element abundances, low Co/Zn ratios, and isotopic equilibration temperatures of about 20-45-degrees-C. These characteristics indicate that the ironstones formed from hydrothermal fluids. Ironstones probably formed below the seawater-seafloor interface, as indicated by their occurrence as a proximal hydrothermal deposit, presence of primary goethite cement, pervasive replacement of rocks by goethite, and absence of interbedded pyroclastic beds. C1 UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII INST GEOPHYS,HONOLULU,HI 96822. ACAD SINICA,INST EARTH SCI,TAIPEI 115,TAIWAN. RP HEIN, JR (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 85 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90455-3 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MT848 UT WOS:A1994MT84800015 ER PT J AU HORAN, MF MORGAN, JW GRAUCH, RI COVENEY, RM MUROWCHICK, JB HULBERT, LJ AF HORAN, MF MORGAN, JW GRAUCH, RI COVENEY, RM MUROWCHICK, JB HULBERT, LJ TI RHENIUM AND OSMIUM ISOTOPES IN BLACK SHALES AND NI-MO-PGE-RICH SULFIDE LAYERS, YUKON-TERRITORY, CANADA, AND HUNAN AND GUIZHOU PROVINCES, CHINA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; METEORITES; PLATINUM; IRIDIUM AB Rhenium and osmium abundances and osmium isotopic compositions were determined by negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry for samples of Devonian black shale and an associated Ni-enriched sulfide layer from the Yukon Territory, Canada. The same composition information was also obtained for samples of early Cambrian Ni-Mo-rich sulfide layers hosted in black shale in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, China. This study was undertaken to constrain the origin of the PGE enrichment in the sulfide layers. Samples of the Ni sulfide layer from the Yukon Territory are highly enriched in Re, Os, and other PGE, with distinctly higher Re/Os-192 but similar Pt/Re, compared to the black shale host. Re-Os isotopic data of the black shale and the sulfide layer are approximately isochronous, and the data plot close to reference isochrons which bracket the depositional age of the enclosing shales. Samples of the Chinese sulfide layers are also highly enriched in Re, Os, and the other PGE. Re/Os-192 are lower than in the Yukon sulfide layer. Re-Os isotopic data for the sulfide layers lie near a reference isochron with an age of 560 Ma, similar to the depositional age of the black shale host. The osmium isotopic data suggest that Re and PGE enrichment of the brecciated sulfide layers in both the Yukon Territory and in southern China may have occurred near the time of sediment deposition or during early diagenesis, during the middle to late Devonian and early Cambrian, respectively. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOSCI,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP HORAN, MF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,981 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. RI Coveney, Raymond/D-5133-2017; OI Coveney, Raymond/0000-0002-2082-9727; Murowchick, James/0000-0003-2987-0352 NR 32 TC 84 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 1 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90463-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MT848 UT WOS:A1994MT84800023 ER PT J AU COZZARELLI, IM BAEDECKER, MJ EGANHOUSE, RP GOERLITZ, DF AF COZZARELLI, IM BAEDECKER, MJ EGANHOUSE, RP GOERLITZ, DF TI THE GEOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ORGANIC-ACIDS DERIVED FROM THE DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINANTS IN GROUNDWATER SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; IRON REDUCTION; WATER; DISSOLUTION; BIODEGRADATION; TRANSFORMATION; ACETATE AB The geochemical evolution of low-molecular-weight organic acids in groundwater downgradient from a crude-oil spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was studied over a five year period (1986-90). The organic acids are metabolic intermediates of the degradation of components of the crude oil and are structurally related to hydrocarbon precursors. The concentrations of organic acids, particularly aliphatic acids, increase as the microbial alteration of hydrocarbons progresses. The organic-acid pool changes in composition and concentration over time and in space as the degradation processes shift from Fe(III) reduction to methanogenesis. Over time, the aquifer system evolves into one in which the groundwater contains more oxidized products of hydrocarbon degradation and the reduced forms of iron, manganese, and nitrogen. Laboratory microcosm experiments with aquifer material support the hypothesis that organic acids observed in the groundwater originate from the microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions. The geochemistry of two other shallow aquifers in coastal plain sediments, one contaminated with creosote waste and the other with gasoline, were compared to the Bemidji site. The geochemical evolution of the low-molecular-weight organic acid pool in these systems is controlled, in part, by the presence of electron accepters available for microbially mediated electron-transfer reactions. The depletion of electron accepters in aquifers leads to the accumulation of aliphatic-organic acids in anoxic groundwater. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP COZZARELLI, IM (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 431,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 67 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 2 BP 863 EP 877 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90511-8 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MV544 UT WOS:A1994MV54400025 ER PT J AU STOFFREGEN, RE RYE, RO WASSERMAN, MD AF STOFFREGEN, RE RYE, RO WASSERMAN, MD TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ALUNITE .1. O-18-O-16 AND D-H FRACTIONATION FACTORS BETWEEN ALUNITE AND WATER AT 250-450-DEGREES-C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; OXYGEN; EXCHANGE; SULFATE; ACID; TEMPERATURES; EVOLUTION; DEPOSITS; MINERALS AB We have determined oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation factors between alunite and water over a temperature range of 250-450 degrees C by reacting synthetic natroalunite with 0.7 m K2SO4 - 0.1 to 0.65 m H2SO4 solutions to produce K-rich alunite. From 88 to 95% alkali and isotope exchange were observed in most of these experiments, and the partial equilibrium method was used to compute equilibrium fractionation factors. Least-squares fits of the data give 10(3) ln alpha(alunite(SO4)-H2O) = 3.09 (10(6)/T-2 (K)) - 2.94 and 10(3) ln alpha(alunite(OH)-H2O) = 2.28 (10(6)/T-2 (K)) - 3.90. The intramineral O-18-O-16 fractionation factor 10(3) ln alpha(alunite(SO4-OH site)) is given by the expression 0.8(10(6)/ T-2 (K)) + 0.96. The alunite-water D-H fractionation factor ranges from -19 at 450 degrees C to -6 at 250 degrees C and does not appear to be strongly dependent on temperature. Runs with alkali exchange in the opposite direction were used to obtain O-18-O-16 and D-H fractionation. factors between natroalunite (mol% Na = 70-75) and water at 350-450 degrees C. These indicate that mol% Na has negligible effect on the fractionation factors over this temperature range. Measured O-18-O-16 and D-H fractionation factors between alunite and 1.0 m I(CI - 0.5 m H2SO4 fluids also agree within 2 sigma with the values obtained from the K2SO4-H2SO4 fluids. However, experiments with alunite and distilled water at 400 degrees C gave a value of 10(3) ln alpha(alunite(SO4)-H2O) of 0.0, compared with a value of 3.9 obtained at this temperature with K2SO4- and H2SO4-bearing fluids. This suggests that changes in fluid composition can affect alunite-water O-18-O-16 fractionation factors. Reconnaissance experiments with fine-grained natural natroalunite demonstrate that alunite-water D-H exchange can occur by hydrogen diffusion, although this process is generally not significant in the experiments with coarser grained synthetic alunites. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,DALLAS,TX 75275. NR 44 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 2 BP 903 EP 916 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90514-2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MV544 UT WOS:A1994MV54400028 ER PT J AU STOFFREGEN, RE RYE, RO WASSERMAN, MD AF STOFFREGEN, RE RYE, RO WASSERMAN, MD TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF ALUNITE .2. RATES OF ALUNITE-WATER ALKALI AND ISOTOPE-EXCHANGE SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MINERAL-FLUID SYSTEMS; NA-K EXCHANGE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; HYDROGEN; GEOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISMS; PRESSURES; KINETICS; NEVADA AB Rates of alkali exchange between alunite and water have been measured in hydrothermal experiments of 1 hour to 259 days duration at 150 to 400 degrees C. Examination of run products by scanning electron microscope indicates that the reaction takes place by dissolution-reprecipitation. This exchange is modeled with an empirical rate equation which assumes a linear decrease in mineral surface area with percent exchange (f) and a linear dependence of the rate on the square root of the affinity for the alkali exchange reaction. This equation provides a good fit of the experimental data for f = 17% to 90% and yields log rate constants which range from -6.25 moles alkali m(-2)s(-1) at 400 degrees C to -11.7 moles alkali m(-2)s(-1) at 200 degrees C. The variation in these rates with temperature is given by the equation log k* = -8.17(1000/T(K)) + 5.54 (r(2) = 0.987) which yields an activation energy of 37.4 +/- 1.5 kcal/mol. For comparison, data from O'NEIL and TAYLOR(1967) and MERIGOUX (1968) modeled with a pseudo-second-order rate expression give an activation energy of 36.1 +/- 2.9 kcal/mol for alkali-feldspar water Na-K exchange. In the absence of coupled alkali exchange, oxygen isotope exchange between alunite and water also occurs by dissolution-reprecipitation but rates are one to three orders of magnitude lower than those for alkali exchange. In fine-grained alunites, significant D-H exchange occurs by hydrogen diffusion at temperatures as low as 100 degrees C. Computed hydrogen diffusion coefficients range from -15.7 to -17.3 cm(2)s(-1) and suggest that the activation energy for hydrogen diffusion may be as low as 6 kcal/mol. These experiments indicate that rates of alkali exchange in the relatively coarse-grained alunites typical of hydrothermal ore deposits are insignificant, and support the reliability of K-Ar age data from such samples. However, the fine-grained alunites typical of low temperature settings may be susceptible to limited alkali exchange at surficial conditions which could cause alteration of their radiometric ages. Furthermore, the rapid rate of hydrogen diffusion observed at 100-150 degrees C suggests that fine-grained alunites are susceptible to rapid D-H re-equilibration even at surficial conditions. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. SO METHODIST UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,DALLAS,TX 75275. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1994 VL 58 IS 2 BP 917 EP 929 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90515-0 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MV544 UT WOS:A1994MV54400029 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SY POTTER, CJ ARMENTROUT, JM AF JOHNSON, SY POTTER, CJ ARMENTROUT, JM TI ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SEATTLE FAULT AND SEATTLE BASIN, WASHINGTON SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN WASHINGTON; SOUTHERN AB Analysis of seismic reflection data reveals that the Seattle basin (Washington) is markedly asymmetric and consists of approximately 9-10 km of Eocene and younger deposits. The basin began as a discrete geologic element in the late Eocene (approximately 40 Ma), the result of a reorganization in regional fault geometry and kinematics. In this reorganization, dextral offset on the Puget fault southeast of Seattle stepped eastward, and the Seattle fault began as a restraining transfer zone. North-vergent reverse or thrust faulting on the Seattle fault forced flexural subsidence in the Seattle basin to the north. Offset on the Seattle fault and subsidence of the Seattle basin have continued to the present. C1 MOBIL RES & DEV CORP,DALLAS,TX 75265. RP JOHNSON, SY (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,MS 939,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 17 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP & DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0071:OAEOTS>2.3.CO;2 PG 0 WC Geology SC Geology GA MQ403 UT WOS:A1994MQ40300019 ER PT J AU PARSONS, T THOMPSON, GA SLEEP, NH AF PARSONS, T THOMPSON, GA SLEEP, NH TI MANTLE PLUME INFLUENCE ON THE NEOGENE UPLIFT AND EXTENSION OF THE UNITED-STATES WESTERN CORDILLERA SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOOD BASALTS; TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE; COLORADO PLATEAU; RANGE PROVINCE; BASIN; EVOLUTION; MAGMATISM AB Despite its highly extended and thinned crust, much of the western Cordillera in the United States is elevated more than 1 km above sea level. Therefore, this region cannot be thought of as thick crust floating isostatically in a uniform mantle; rather, the lithospheric mantle and/or the upper asthenosphere must vary in thickness or density across the region. Utilizing crustal thickness and density constraints, we modeled the residual mass deficit that must occur in the mantle lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath the western Cordillera. A major hot spot broke out during a complex series of Cenozoic tectonic events that included lithospheric thickening, back-arc extension, and transition from a subduction to a transform plate boundary. We suggest that many of the characteristics that make the western Cordillera unique among extensional provinces can be attributed to the mantle plume that created the Yellowstone hot spot. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP PARSONS, T (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 999,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 40 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0083:MPIOTN>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA MQ403 UT WOS:A1994MQ40300022 ER PT J AU BREW, DA FORD, AB HIMMELBERG, GR AF BREW, DA FORD, AB HIMMELBERG, GR TI JURASSIC ACCRETION OF NISLING TERRANE ALONG THE WESTERN MARGIN OF STIKINIA, COAST MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA - COMMENT SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NORTHERN C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT GEOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. US GEOL SURVEY,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BREW, DA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 904,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140 3300 PENROSE PLACE, BOULDER, CO 80301 SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0089:JAONTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA MQ403 UT WOS:A1994MQ40300025 ER PT J AU NOVARINO, G WARREN, A KINNER, NE HARVEY, RW AF NOVARINO, G WARREN, A KINNER, NE HARVEY, RW TI PROTISTS FROM A SEWAGE-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER ON CAPE-COD, MASSACHUSETTS SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AMEBAS; FLAGELLATES; GROUNDWATER MICROBIOLOGY; PROTISTS; SUBSURFACE ORGANIC CONTAMINATION ID SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; GROUNDWATER; BACTERIA; PROTOZOA; PRISTINE; OKLAHOMA; FATE; SITE AB Several species of flagellates (genera Bodo, Cercomonas, Cryptaulax, Cyathomonas, Goniomonas, Spumella) have been identified in cultures from a plume of organic contamination (treated sewage effluent) within an aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Amoebae and numerous unidentifiable 2- to 3-mu m flagellates have also been observed. As a rule, flagellates were associated with solid surfaces, or were capable of temporary surface attachment, corroborating earlier observations from in situ and column transport experiments suggesting that protists in the Massachusetts aquifer have a high propensity for association with sediment grain surfaces. Based on the fact that cultures from the uncontaminated part of the aquifer yielded only a few species of protists, it is hypothesized that the greater abundance and variety of food sources in the contaminant plume is capable of supporting a greater number of protistan species. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ENVIRONM RES GRP,DURHAM,NH 03824. US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,BOULDER,CO. RP NOVARINO, G (reprint author), NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT ZOOL,MICROBIOL GRP,CROMWELL RD,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. RI Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 12 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA PG502 UT WOS:A1994PG50200003 ER PT S AU SOREY, ML OLMSTED, FH AF SOREY, ML OLMSTED, FH GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH LEACH HOT SPRINGS IN SOUTHERN GRASS VALLEY, NEVADA SO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS, VOL 18: RESTRUCTURING THE GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal-Resources-Council 1994 Annual Meeting on Restructuring the Geothermal Industry CY OCT 02-05, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-72-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1994 VL 18 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BB94W UT WOS:A1994BB94W00006 ER PT S AU FOURNIER, RO THOMPSON, JM HUTCHINSON, RA AF FOURNIER, RO THOMPSON, JM HUTCHINSON, RA GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF HOT SPRING WATERS AT NORRIS-GEYSER BASIN, YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK SO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS, VOL 18: RESTRUCTURING THE GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal-Resources-Council 1994 Annual Meeting on Restructuring the Geothermal Industry CY OCT 02-05, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-72-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1994 VL 18 BP 177 EP 179 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BB94W UT WOS:A1994BB94W00028 ER PT S AU MARINER, RH YOUNG, HW EVANS, WC AF MARINER, RH YOUNG, HW EVANS, WC GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI CHEMICAL, ISOTOPIC, AND DISSOLVED GAS COMPOSITIONS OF THE HOT SPRINGS OF THE OWYHEE UPLANDS, MALHEUR COUNTY, OREGON SO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS, VOL 18: RESTRUCTURING THE GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal-Resources-Council 1994 Annual Meeting on Restructuring the Geothermal Industry CY OCT 02-05, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-72-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1994 VL 18 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BB94W UT WOS:A1994BB94W00035 ER PT S AU NATHENSON, M MARINER, RH THOMPSON, JM AF NATHENSON, M MARINER, RH THOMPSON, JM GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI CONVECTIVE HEAT DISCHARGE OF WOOD RIVER GROUP OF SPRINGS IN THE VICINITY OF CRATER LAKE, OREGON SO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS, VOL 18: RESTRUCTURING THE GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal-Resources-Council 1994 Annual Meeting on Restructuring the Geothermal Industry CY OCT 02-05, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-72-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1994 VL 18 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BB94W UT WOS:A1994BB94W00036 ER PT S AU SOREY, ML KHARAKA, YK STANLEY, WD STURCHIO, NC AF SOREY, ML KHARAKA, YK STANLEY, WD STURCHIO, NC GP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TI GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN THE MAMMOTH CORRIDOR AT YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK, USA SO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS, VOL 18: RESTRUCTURING THE GEOTHERMAL INDUSTRY SE GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geothermal-Resources-Council 1994 Annual Meeting on Restructuring the Geothermal Industry CY OCT 02-05, 1994 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES COUNCIL PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1350, DAVIS, CA 95617 SN 0193-5933 BN 0-934412-72-3 J9 GEOTH RES T PY 1994 VL 18 BP 241 EP 245 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BB94W UT WOS:A1994BB94W00038 ER PT J AU ROSS, M SKINNER, HCW AF ROSS, M SKINNER, HCW TI GEOLOGY AND HEALTH SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article RP ROSS, M (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JAN PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ027 UT WOS:A1994MQ02700012 ER PT J AU SMITH, RA AF SMITH, RA TI WATER-QUALITY AND HEALTH SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article DE DRINKING WATER AND (HEALTH OR MEDICAL OR TREATMENT OR DECONTAMINATION OR DISEASES OR PATHOGEN OR RECLAMATION OR REMEDIATION RP SMITH, RA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JAN PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ027 UT WOS:A1994MQ02700015 ER PT B AU CHRISTIAN, E AF CHRISTIAN, E GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI The Government Information Locator Service (GILS) SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 802,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00005 ER PT B AU LYONS, RL AF LYONS, RL GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI Photogrammetric production of Wetland maps for DOD facilities SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00017 ER PT B AU GILLESPIE, SR AF GILLESPIE, SR GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI Federal benefits from GIS technology SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00019 ER PT B AU GUPTILL, SC AF GUPTILL, SC GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI Challenges in creating multipurpose geospatial data SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00043 ER PT B AU WILEN, BO AF WILEN, BO GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI Building the wetlands layer of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL WETLANDS INVENTORY,ARLINGTON,VA 22203. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00048 ER PT B AU CRAUN, KJ AF CRAUN, KJ GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI DEVELOPING A REPLACEMENT FOR THE NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARD SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00024 ER PT B AU DEMULDER, ML AF DEMULDER, ML GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI ELEVATION DATA TO SUPPORT THE NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL DATA FRAMEWORK SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 218 EP 222 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00026 ER PT B AU TOSTA, N AF TOSTA, N GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI CONTINUING EVOLUTION OF THE NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FED GEOG DATA COMM,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 769 EP 777 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00091 ER PT B AU YOUNG, RD DAHL, TE AF YOUNG, RD DAHL, TE GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI USE OF GIS IN ASSESSING AREAS OF RAPID WETLAND CHANGE SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33702. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 851 EP 859 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00100 ER PT B AU DECOLA, L BUTTENFIELD, BP AF DECOLA, L BUTTENFIELD, BP GP AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI MULTISCALE MAPPING FOR THE NSDI - DATA MODELING AND REPRESENTATION SO GIS/LIS '94 ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT GIS/LIS Annual Conference and Exposition CY OCT 25-27, 1994 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP AMER CONGRESS SURVEYING & MAPPING, AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING, AM/FM INT, ASSOC AMER GEOGRAPHERS, URBAN & REG INFORMAT SYST ASSOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR 521,RESTON,VA 22092. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LAND, SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 BN 1-57083-013-4 PY 1994 BP 870 EP 880 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC78D UT WOS:A1994BC78D00102 ER PT J AU GUPTILL, SC AF GUPTILL, SC TI SPATIAL DATA STANDARDS AND INFORMATION POLICY SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB Federal information policies, in general, have recognized the importance of open access to the digital data holdings of the government. Such policies have been supported by the Clinton administration's investment in a National Information Infrastructure. Recently, reports by the National Academy of Sciences and by the Vice President's National Performance Review have endorsed the creation of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure that will provide the spatial framwork for the geographic data on the information superhighway. The success of such an enterprise will require the development of a suite of spatial data standards and policy tools. Existing standards, development activities, and mechanisms are described. Some of the policy challenges are unique to spatial data. RP GUPTILL, SC (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL MAPPING DIV,519 NATL CTR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 387 EP 401 DI 10.1016/0740-624X(94)90017-5 PG 15 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PT913 UT WOS:A1994PT91300004 ER PT J AU SWAIN, ED AF SWAIN, ED TI IMPLEMENTATION AND USE OF DIRECT-FLOW CONNECTIONS IN A COUPLED GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE-WATER MODEL SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Geological Survey's MODFLOW finite-difference ground-water flow model has been coupled with three surface-water packages-the MODBRANCH, River, and Stream packages-to simulate surface water and its interaction with ground water. Prior to the development of the coupling packages, the only interaction between these modeling packages was that leakage values could be passed between MODFLOW and the three surface-water packages. To facilitate wider and more flexible uses of the models, a computer program was developed and added to MODFLOW to allow direct flows or stages to be passed between any of the packages and MODFLOW. The flows or stages calculated in one package can be set as boundary discharges or stages to be used in another package. Several modeling packages can be used in the same simulation depending upon the level of sophistication needed in the various reaches being modeled. This computer program is especially useful when any of the River, Stream, or MODBRANCH packages are used to model a river flowing directly into or out of wetlands in direct connection with the aquifer and represented in the model as an aquifer block. A field case study is shown to illustrate an application. RP SWAIN, ED (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,9100 NW 36TH ST,SUITE 107,MIAMI,FL 33178, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 5 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 32 IS 1 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00621.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA MP424 UT WOS:A1994MP42400018 ER PT B AU KENNETH, S THURMAN, EM AF KENNETH, S THURMAN, EM BE Senesi, N Miano, TM TI CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC HUMIC SURFACTANTS - CHARACTERIZATION AND POSSIBLE ROLE IN ENHANCED DEGRADATION OF HERBICIDES SO HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND IMPLICATIONS ON HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Meeting of the International-Humic-Substances-Society - Humic Substances in the Global Environment and Implication on Human Health CY SEP 20-25, 1992 CL MONOPOLI, ITALY SP INT HUM SUBST SOC C1 US GEOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66049. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-89593-0 PY 1994 BP 769 EP 774 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BB95F UT WOS:A1994BB95F00102 ER PT S AU OLSEN, HW WILLDEN, AT KIUSALAAS, NJ NELSON, KR POETER, EP AF OLSEN, HW WILLDEN, AT KIUSALAAS, NJ NELSON, KR POETER, EP BE Daniel, DE Trautwein, SJ TI VOLUME-CONTROLLED HYDROLOGIC PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS IN TRIAXIAL SYSTEMS SO HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND WASTE CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN SOIL SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydraulic Conductivity and Waste Contaminant Transport in Soil CY JAN 21-22, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM D 18 SOIL & ROCK , SUBCOMM HYDROL PROPERTIES S, OIL & ROCK DE COMPRESSIBILITY; CONSOLIDATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MATRIC POTENTIAL; PERMEABILITY; SPECIFIC STORAGE; CAPILLARY PRESSURE; FLOW PUMPS; VOLUME CONTROL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1442-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1994 VL 1142 BP 482 EP 504 DI 10.1520/STP23904S PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BB65P UT WOS:A1994BB65P00022 ER PT S AU PETERS, NE AF PETERS, NE BE Peters, NE Allan, RJ Tsirkunov, VV TI VARIATIONS IN STREAM WATER QUALITY IN A FORESTED PIEDMONT CATCHMENT, GEORGIA, USA - RELEVANCE OF SAMPLING FREQUENCY AND DESIGN SO HYDROLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINANTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Hydrochemistry 1993 Symposium on Hydrological, Chemical and Biological Processes of Transformation and Transport of Contaminants in Aquatic Environments CY MAY 24-28, 1993 CL ROSTOV NA DONU, RUSSIA SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS WATER QUAL, RUSSIAN IHP NATL COMM, UNESCO, WMO, WHO, UNEP, ENVIRONM CANADA, RUSSIAN COMM HYDROMETEOROL, US EPA, US NATL COMM SCI HYDROL C1 US GEOL SURVEY,ATLANTA,GA 30360. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0144-7815 BN 0-947571-88-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1994 IS 219 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA BB77L UT WOS:A1994BB77L00043 ER PT J AU PIETZ, PJ PARMELEE, DF AF PIETZ, PJ PARMELEE, DF TI SURVIVAL, SITE AND MATE FIDELITY IN SOUTH POLAR SKUAS CATHARACTA-MACCORMICKI AT ANVERS ISLAND, ANTARCTICA SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID BREEDING SUCCESS; BROWN SKUAS; PAIR-BOND; RETENTION; EXPERIENCE; PUFFINUS; AGE AB In 1974-1975, 34 adult South Polar Skuas Catharacta maccormicki were colour-ringed on 18 nest territories at Bonaparte Point, Anvers Island, near Palmer Station along the Antarctic Peninsula. Subsequently, the area was searched for these birds during the austral summers of 1975-1976 to 1984-1985 and in 1987-1988 and 1989-1990. Fifty-three percent were seen in 1984-1985, 32% in 1987-1988 and 21% in 1989-1990. Annual survival rate averaged 95% from 1974-1975 to 1984-1985; no sexual differences were detected (n = 28 of known sex). Strong territory and mate fidelity were apparent; 34 skuas averaged 1.1 nest territories and 1.7 mates each in 16 years. Only 4 of 34 individuals (all females) were known to change territories, and each territory change involved a change of mates. Although males showed higher territory fidelity than females (P < 0.01), most females (four of five) retained their territories when previous mates failed to return. Seventeen of 34 birds changed mates a total of 24 times; at least 20 mate changes followed the death or disappearance of the former mate. Males showed slightly higher mate fidelity than females (P < 0.04). Female South Polar and Brown Skuas Catharacta lonnbergi did not differ in territory or mate fidelity. From 1974-1975 to 1984-1985, 120 South Polar Skua chicks were ringed on 18 nest territories on Bonaparte Point; 17 were resighted in the Palmer area when they were 3-10 years old. All 15 returnees were found within 3 km of their natal nest sites, and four of them occupied nest territories on Bonaparte Point. C1 UNIV NEVADA,NAT HIST MUSEUM,LAS VEGAS,NV 89154. RP PIETZ, PJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NO PRAIRIE WILDLIFE RES CTR,JAMESTOWN,ND 58401, USA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 1994 VL 136 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb08128.x PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA MR612 UT WOS:A1994MR61200004 ER PT J AU HELFENSTEIN, P VEVERKA, J THOMAS, PC SIMONELLI, DP LEE, P KLAASEN, K JOHNSON, TV BRENEMAN, H HEAD, JW MURCHIE, S FANALE, F ROBINSON, M CLARK, B GRANAHAN, J GARBEIL, H MCEWEN, AS KIRK, RL DAVIES, M NEUKUM, G MOTTOLA, S WAGNER, R BELTON, M CHAPMAN, C PILCHER, C AF HELFENSTEIN, P VEVERKA, J THOMAS, PC SIMONELLI, DP LEE, P KLAASEN, K JOHNSON, TV BRENEMAN, H HEAD, JW MURCHIE, S FANALE, F ROBINSON, M CLARK, B GRANAHAN, J GARBEIL, H MCEWEN, AS KIRK, RL DAVIES, M NEUKUM, G MOTTOLA, S WAGNER, R BELTON, M CHAPMAN, C PILCHER, C TI GALILEO PHOTOMETRY OF ASTEROID 951-GASPRA SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LUNAR AB Galileo images of Gaspra make it possible for the first time to determine a main-belt asteroid's photometric properties accurately by providing surface-resolved coverage over a wide range of incidence and emission angles and by extending the phase angle coverage to phases not observable from Earth. We combine Earth-based telescopic photometry over phase angles 2-degrees less-than-or-equal-to alpha less-than-or-equal-to 25-degrees with Galileo whole-disk and disk-resolved data at 33-degrees less-than-or-equal-to alpha less-than-or-equal-to 51-degrees to derive average global photometric properties in terms of Hapke's photometric model. The microscopic texture and particle phase-function behavior of Gaspra's surface are remarkably like those of other airless rocky bodies such as the Moon. The macroscopic surface roughness parameter, thetaBAR = 29-degrees, is slightly larger than that reported for typical lunar materials. The particle single scattering albedo, omega0BAR = 0.36 +/- 0. 07, is significantly larger than for lunar materials, and the opposition surge amplitude, B0 = 1.63 +/- 0.07, is correspondingly smaller. We determine a visual geometric albedo p(v) = 0.22 +/- 0.06 for Gaspra, in close agreement with p(v) = 0.22 +/- 0.03 estimated from Earth-based observations. Gaspra's phase integral is 0.47, and the bolometric Bond albedo is estimated to be 0.12 +/- 0.03. An albedo map derived by correcting Galileo images with our average global photometric function reveals subdued albedo contrasts of +/- 10% or less over Gaspra's northern hemisphere. Several independent classification algorithms confirm the subtle spectral heterogeneity reported earlier (S. Mottola, M. DiMartino, M. Gonano-Beurer, H. Hoffman, and G. Neukum, 1993, Asteroids, Comets, Meteors, pp. 421-424; M. J. S. Belton et al., 1992, Science 257, 1647-1652). Whole-disk colors (0.41 less-than-or-equal-to lambda less-than-or-equal-to 0.99 mum) vary systematically with longitude by about +/- 5%, but color differences as large as 30% occur locally. Colors vary continuously between end-member materials whose areal distribution correlates with regional topography. Infrared: violet (0.99:0.41-mum) color ratios on Gaspra are strongly correlated with local elevation, being largest at lower elevations and smaller at higher elevations. No correlation was detected between elevation and the green: violet (0.56:0.41-mum) color ratio. Bright materials with a strong 1-mum absorption occur primarily in association with craters along ridges, while darker materials with 30% weaker 1-mum signatures occur downslope. The variations of color and albedo cannot be easily explained by grain-size effects alone or by differences in photometric geometry. The trends observed are consistent with those revealed by laboratory studies of the effects of comminution, glass formation, and segregation of metal from silicate components in chondritic meteorites and also in some silicate mixtures. The relative importance of these various processes on Gaspra remains to be determined. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. DEUTSCH LUFT & RAUMFAHRT,BERLIN,GERMANY. NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719. UNIV ARIZONA,SAIC,INST PLANETARY SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NASA,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. RP HELFENSTEIN, P (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 48 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 37 EP 60 DI 10.1006/icar.1994.1005 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NA626 UT WOS:A1994NA62600005 ER PT J AU CARR, MH KIRK, RL MCEWEN, A VEVERKA, J THOMAS, P HEAD, JW MURCHIE, S AF CARR, MH KIRK, RL MCEWEN, A VEVERKA, J THOMAS, P HEAD, JW MURCHIE, S TI THE GEOLOGY OF GASPRA SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID PARENT BODIES; SURFACE; PHOBOS; ASTEROIDS AB The surface of Gaspra can be divided into several facets separated by ridges. Superimposed on the facets and ridges are two populations of craters. Type 1 craters are crisply defined and constitute a production function of impact origin. Type 2 craters are mostly irregular shallow depressions and probably of various origins. Some of the type 2 craters may have formed by impact and be remnants of a crater population that predates the type 1 population. The number of type 1 craters suggests that they started to accumulate 2 x 10(7) to 3 x 10(8) years ago. The freshest craters have a depth/diameter ratio of 1: 7, as compared with 1: 5 typically observed on other bodies. The craters appear to have become shallower with age at a rate of 10(-6) to 10(-7) m/year. The shallow depth of newly formed craters and the progressive degradation with age are ascribed to downslope movement of poorly coherent surface materials, the movement being aided by seismic shaking as a result of impact. The surface shows subtle color differences. The most prominent differences are observed around craters on ridges, where the surface has a stronger 1-mum absorption than elsewhere. The contrast is not observed around craters on the facets. The color differences are attributed to alteration of the materials brought to the surface. The unaltered material is estimated to be located at least 50 m below the surface on the facets. Only on the ridges is unaltered material at a shallow enough depth to be excavated by the observed craters. The rate of degradation of craters, the rounded form of the ridges, the depth of altered material on the facets, and the presence of old degraded craters all suggest that Gaspra is covered with a regolith a few tens to several tens of meters thick. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. LUNAR & PLANETARY INST,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP CARR, MH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015 OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751 NR 37 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1006/icar.1994.1006 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NA626 UT WOS:A1994NA62600006 ER PT J AU VEVERKA, J THOMAS, P SIMONELLI, D BELTON, MJS CARR, M CHAPMAN, C DAVIES, ME GREELEY, R GREENBERG, R HEAD, J KLAASEN, K JOHNSON, TV MORRISON, D NEUKUM, G AF VEVERKA, J THOMAS, P SIMONELLI, D BELTON, MJS CARR, M CHAPMAN, C DAVIES, ME GREELEY, R GREENBERG, R HEAD, J KLAASEN, K JOHNSON, TV MORRISON, D NEUKUM, G TI DISCOVERY OF GROOVES ON GASPRA SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID PHOBOS; SURFACE; DEIMOS AB We report the discovery of grooves in Galileo high-resolution images of Gaspra. These features, previously seen only on Mars' satellite Phobos, are most likely related to severe impacts. Grooves on Gaspra occur as linear and pitted depressions, typically 100-200 m wide, 0.8 to 2.5 km long, and 10-20 m deep. Most occur in two major groups, one of which trends approximately parallel to the asteroid's long axis, but is offset by some 15-degrees; the other is approximately perpendicular to this trend. The first of these directions falls along a family of planes which parallel three extensive flat facets identified by Thomas et al., Icarus 107. The occurrence of grooves on Gaspra is consistent with other indications (irregular shape, cratering record) that this asteroid has evolved through a violent collisional history. The bodywide congruence of major groove directions and other structural elements suggests that present-day Gaspra is a globally coherent body. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NATL OPT ASTRON OBSERV,TUCSON,AZ 85719. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. PLANETARY SCI INST,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287. UNIV ARIZONA,LUNAR & PLANETARY LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721. BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. DEUTSCH FORSCHUNGSANSTALT LUFT & RAUMFAHRT,W-8031 OBERPFAFFENHOFEN,GERMANY. RP VEVERKA, J (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DEPT ASTRON,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 1994 VL 107 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 DI 10.1006/icar.1994.1007 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NA626 UT WOS:A1994NA62600007 ER PT S AU JOSBERGER, EG TRUE, MA SHUCHMAN, RA AF JOSBERGER, EG TRUE, MA SHUCHMAN, RA BE Stein, TI TI DETERMINATION OF SURFACE-FEATURES ON GLACIERS IN ALASKA FROM ERS-1 SAR OBSERVATIONS SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 UNIV PUGET SOUND, US GEOL SURVEY, ICE & CLIMATE PROJECT, TACOMA, WA 98416 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 2398 EP 2400 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00707 ER PT S AU DILLON, WP AF DILLON, WP BE Sloan, ED Happel, J Hnatow, MA TI HYDRATES OFFSHORE BRAZIL - DISCUSSION SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL GAS HYDRATES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, GAS RES INST, NEW YORK ACAD SCI, DEPT ENERGY, EXXON PROD RES CO RP DILLON, WP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-847-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 715 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38828.x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BA53C UT WOS:A1994BA53C00009 ER PT S AU KVENVOLDEN, KA AF KVENVOLDEN, KA BE Sloan, ED Happel, J Hnatow, MA TI NATURAL-GAS HYDRATE OCCURRENCE AND ISSUES SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL GAS HYDRATES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, GAS RES INST, NEW YORK ACAD SCI, DEPT ENERGY, EXXON PROD RES CO ID ENERGY RESOURCE; METHANE; SLOPE; HORIZONS; FUTURE; SLIDES RP KVENVOLDEN, KA (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,345 MIDDLEFIELD RD,MS 999,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-847-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 715 BP 232 EP 246 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38838.x PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BA53C UT WOS:A1994BA53C00019 ER PT S AU COLLETT, TS AF COLLETT, TS BE Sloan, ED Happel, J Hnatow, MA TI PERMAFROST-ASSOCIATED GAS HYDRATE ACCUMULATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL GAS HYDRATES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, GAS RES INST, NEW YORK ACAD SCI, DEPT ENERGY, EXXON PROD RES CO ID NORTH SLOPE; ALASKA; STABILITY; CARBON RP COLLETT, TS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,PETR GEOL BRANCH,BOX 25046,MS-940,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-847-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 715 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38839.x PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BA53C UT WOS:A1994BA53C00020 ER PT S AU DILLON, WP LEE, MW COLEMAN, DF AF DILLON, WP LEE, MW COLEMAN, DF BE Sloan, ED Happel, J Hnatow, MA TI IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE HYDRATES IN-SITU AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION OFF THE ATLANTIC COAST OF THE UNITED-STATES SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL GAS HYDRATES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, GAS RES INST, NEW YORK ACAD SCI, DEPT ENERGY, EXXON PROD RES CO ID METHANE HYDRATE; GAS; SEDIMENTS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. RP DILLON, WP (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-847-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 715 BP 364 EP 380 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38850.x PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BA53C UT WOS:A1994BA53C00031 ER PT S AU BOOTH, JS WINTERS, WJ DILLON, WP AF BOOTH, JS WINTERS, WJ DILLON, WP BE Sloan, ED Happel, J Hnatow, MA TI CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE OF GAS HYDRATE AND SLOPE FAILURE ASSOCIATIONS ON THE UNITED-STATES ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL GAS HYDRATES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, GAS RES INST, NEW YORK ACAD SCI, DEPT ENERGY, EXXON PROD RES CO RP BOOTH, JS (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-847-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 715 BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38863.x PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BA53C UT WOS:A1994BA53C00044 ER PT S AU WINTERS, WJ BOOTH, JS NIELSEN, RR DILLON, WP COMMEAU, RF AF WINTERS, WJ BOOTH, JS NIELSEN, RR DILLON, WP COMMEAU, RF BE Sloan, ED Happel, J Hnatow, MA TI A COMPUTER-CONTROLLED GAS HYDRATE SEDIMENT FORMATION AND TRIAXIAL TEST SYSTEM SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NATURAL GAS HYDRATES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Natural Gas Hydrates CY JUN 20-24, 1993 CL NEW PALTZ, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, GAS RES INST, NEW YORK ACAD SCI, DEPT ENERGY, EXXON PROD RES CO C1 TERRATEK INC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108. RP WINTERS, WJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,QUISSETT CAMPUS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-847-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 715 BP 490 EP 491 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb38864.x PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BA53C UT WOS:A1994BA53C00045 ER PT J AU MOYER, E AF MOYER, E BE VanderStoep, GA Cho, HY TI Calling all squirrels? SO INTERPRETIVE SOURCEBOOK: THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1994 NATIONAL INTERPRETERS' WORKSHOP: IMAGES AND PERCEPTIONS: INTERPRETATION MAKES THE DIFFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 National Interpreters Workshop on Images and Perceptions - Interpretation Makes the Difference CY NOV 01-06, 1994 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP Natl Assoc Interpretat DE SQUIRRELS; VISIBLE; WATCHABLE WILDLIFE; NOISE POLLUTION; MASKING C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,MINNESOTA VALLEY NATL WILDLIFE REFUGE,BLOOMINGTON,MN 55425. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INTERPRETATION PI FT COLLINS PA PO BOX 1892, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 PY 1994 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; History SC Education & Educational Research; History GA BE11C UT WOS:A1994BE11C00035 ER PT B AU LUND, HG LOVELAND, TR SINGH, A EVANS, DL AF LUND, HG LOVELAND, TR SINGH, A EVANS, DL GP INT SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY & REMOTE SENSING TI Glovecompartners - Global vegetation cover mapping partnerships SO ISPRS COMMISSION VII SYMPOSIUM - RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 30, PTS 7A & 7B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ISPRS Commission VII Symposium on Resource and Environmental Monitoring CY SEP 26-30, 1994 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Int Arch Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE REMOTE SENSING; GLOBAL MONITORING; GLOBAL ASSESSMENTS C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTITUTO NACIONAL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS PI S JOSE CAMPOS PA COORDINATION INST RELATIONS CAIXA POSTAL 515, 12201-970 S JOSE CAMPOS, BRAZIL PY 1994 BP B407 EP B411 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BD88T UT WOS:A1994BD88T00142 ER PT J AU STAMER, JK ZELT, RB AF STAMER, JK ZELT, RB TI ORGANONITROGEN HERBICIDES IN THE LOWER KANSAS RIVER BASIN SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SURFACE WATERS; DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES C1 USGS,LAWRENCE,KS. OI Zelt, Ronald/0000-0001-9024-855X NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 86 IS 1 BP 93 EP 104 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MU329 UT WOS:A1994MU32900010 ER PT J AU MORING, JB STEWART, KW AF MORING, JB STEWART, KW TI HABITAT PARTITIONING BY THE WOLF SPIDER (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE) GUILD IN STREAMSIDE AND RIPARIAN VEGETATION ZONES OF THE CONEJOS RIVER, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Members of a guild of cursorial spiders (Pardosa spp. and Alopecosa spp.) spatially segregate among five discrete habitats, ranging from a streamside cobble habitat extending laterally along a successional gradient to the leaf litter zone of a transition or climax high elevation (2348 m) riparian coniferous forest in Colorado. Seasonal activity peaked in midsummer for all guild members. Spiders were diurnally active earlier in streamside habitats, and levels of activity were positively correlated with light intensity. Guild members Pardosa tristis and P. uncata were most different in habitat selection and periods of diurnal activity. Males and females of all guild species differed in their distribution among habitats and over months of collection. Measures of guild species diversity and evenness were variable between habitats, and were largely influenced by the relatively high abundance of one or two guild species, particularly in the streamside habitats. RP MORING, JB (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,8011 CAMERON RD,AUSTIN,TX 78754, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 205 EP 217 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA QU843 UT WOS:A1994QU84300006 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, JE ELY, LL WOHL, EE STEVENS, LE MELIS, TS KALE, VS BAKER, VR AF OCONNOR, JE ELY, LL WOHL, EE STEVENS, LE MELIS, TS KALE, VS BAKER, VR TI A 4500-YEAR RECORD OF LARGE FLOODS ON THE COLORADO RIVER IN THE GRAND-CANYON, ARIZONA SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALEOFLOOD INFORMATION; HYDROLOGY AB A sequence of flood deposits left by the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, provides evidence of at least 15 floods with peak discharges greater than 5500 m3sec-1 over the last 4500 yr. Ten floods during the last 2000-2300 yr had discharges greater than 6800 m3sec-1. One flood, 1600-1200 yr ago, had a discharge exceeding 14,000 m3sec-1, a flow rate more than twice the largest gaged flood. This record of flooding is one of the longest for a major U.S. river, and, combined with the gaged record of twentieth century floods, allows determination of the frequency and history of large floods that have affected key aspects of Colorado River geomorphology. RP OCONNOR, JE (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,5400 MACARTHUR BLVD,VANCOUVER,WA 98661, USA. NR 32 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 102 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA NF187 UT WOS:A1994NF18700001 ER PT J AU OKUBO, Y TAMAKI, K HONKURA, Y AF OKUBO, Y TAMAKI, K HONKURA, Y TI MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES IN JAPAN AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS - PREFACE SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV TOKYO,OCEAN RES INST,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. TOKYO INST TECHNOL,TOKYO 152,JAPAN. RP OKUBO, Y (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,WASHINGTON,DC 20242, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1994 VL 46 IS 6 BP 409 EP 409 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NZ686 UT WOS:A1994NZ68600001 ER PT J AU FINN, C AF FINN, C TI MAGNETIC AND GRAVITY CONSTRAINTS ON FORE-ARC UPPER CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION, OFFSHORE NORTHEAST JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article ID ARC; TRENCH AB Marine magnetic and gravity data from the northeast Japan forearc offer insight to the subsurface structure, density and magnetization from which geologic interpretations and tectonic reconstructions can be made. Positive marine magnetic anomalies, on-land geology, drill hole data, and 2-1/2-dimensional models reveal that Kitakami plutons and possibly their associated volcanic rocks constitute part of the modem forearc basement and lie 100-150 km further east than previously thought. A method to create magnetization and density contrast maps was employed to produce a three-dimensional picture of the forearc basement rock properties averaged over a 14-km thickness. Comparisons of the magnetization map with drill hole information suggest that Cretaceous andesites may contribute to the observed positive aeromagnetic anomalies and therefore, may be more magnetic than the sparse on-land rock property measurements suggest. The lower magnetization values for the area south of 40-degrees-N latitude than for the area to the north may indicate that the andesites are not present in the south and erosion was deeper there. The gravity data primarily reflect variations of density within marine sedimentary rocks and crustal thickness. RP FINN, C (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MS 964,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1994 VL 46 IS 6 BP 423 EP 441 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NZ686 UT WOS:A1994NZ68600003 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, WH ARORA, BR SCHIFFMACHER, ER AF CAMPBELL, WH ARORA, BR SCHIFFMACHER, ER TI POLAR-CAP FIELD RESPONSE TO IMF B-Y SECTOR CHANGES ON QUIET DAYS AT A LONGITUDE LINE OF OBSERVATORIES SO JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENTS AB The fields for quiet days of 1976 and 1977 are studied for a line of observatories established near 76 degrees E longitude in the Northern Hemisphere, Using a special spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) technique to separate the external and internal parts of the observed field changes when the geomagnetic activity index Kp had low values, we demonstrate that a selection of SHA polynomials with (n - m) > 1 serves to isolate the polar region field contributions. The equivalent external current representation of the polar fields (sometimes called Sq(p)) show two vortices separated by the day-night hemisphere boundary. When plotted in local time, the nighttime current patterns are usually observed to change positions to earlier locations when the IMF sector structure varied from the Toward (IMF B-y negative) to the Away (IMF B-y positive) direction (with respect to the Sun) of the arriving solar wind field at the magnetospheric boundary. The addition of these changing polar current patterns with the more stable lower-latitude Sq (solar quiet-time) dynamo currents probably accounts for the previously reported sector effects in the Sq. The technique of selective separation of polynomials shows that the Sq could be adequately described by the SHA polynomial terms having (n - m) < 2 and that there persisted a small mid-latitude vortex of SHA polynomial (n - m) = 1 currents in winter. The polar region activity and the Southern Hemisphere Sg vortex extension into the Northern Hemisphere had overshadowed the wintertime expression of the low amplitude Sq vortex in the full-field daily variation records. C1 INDIAN INST GEOMAGNETISM,BOMBAY 400005,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. RP CAMPBELL, WH (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MAIL STOP 968,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 302 JIYUGAOKA-KOMATSU BLDG 24-17 MIDORIGAOKA 2-CHOME, TOKYO TOKYO 152, JAPAN SN 0022-1392 J9 J GEOMAGN GEOELECTR JI J. Geomagn. Geoelectr. PY 1994 VL 46 IS 9 BP 735 EP 746 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA PN060 UT WOS:A1994PN06000001 ER PT J AU WALDER, JS FOWLER, A AF WALDER, JS FOWLER, A TI CHANNELIZED SUBGLACIAL DRAINAGE OVER A DEFORMABLE BED SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE STREAM-B; FORMED STRAIGHT RIVERS; EQUILIBRIUM BANKS; WATER-PRESSURE; MOBILE BED; BENEATH; GLACIER; SHEET; TILL; SYSTEM AB We develop theoretically a description of a possible subglacial drainage mechanism for glaciers and ice sheets moving over saturated, deformable till. The model is based on the plausible assumption that flow of water in a thin film at the ice-till interface is unstable to the formation of a channelized drainage system, and is restricted to the case in which meltwater cannot escape through the till to an underlying aquifer. In describing the physics of such channelized drainage, we have generalized and extended Rothlisberger's model of channels cut into basal ice to include ''canals'' cut into the till, paying particular attention to the role of sediment properties and the mechanics of sediment transport. We show that sediment-floored Rothlisberger (R) channels can exist for high effective pressures, and wide, shallow, ice-roofed canals cut into the till for low effective pressures. Canals should form a distributed, non-arborescent system, unlike R channels. For steep slopes typical of alpine glaciers, both drainage systems can exist, but with the water pressure lower in the R channels than in the canals; the canal drainage should therefore be unstable in the presence of channels. For small slopes typical of ice sheets, only canals can exist and we therefore predict that, if channelized meltwater flow occurs under ice sheets moving over deformable till, it takes the form of shallow, distributed canals at low effective pressure, similar to that measured at Ice Stream B in West Antarctica. Geologic evidence derived from land forms and deposits left by the Pleistocene ice sheets in North America and Europe is also consistent with predictions of the model. C1 UNIV OXFORD, INST MATH, OXFORD OX1 3LB, ENGLAND. RP US GEOL SURVEY, CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV, VANCOUVER, WA 98661 USA. RI Fowler, Andrew/I-5868-2014 NR 53 TC 233 Z9 235 U1 1 U2 33 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1994 VL 40 IS 134 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NT101 UT WOS:A1994NT10100001 ER PT J AU WALDER, JS AF WALDER, JS TI SUBGLACIAL FLOODS AND THE ORIGIN OF LOW-RELIEF ICE-SHEET LOBES - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID WATER-FLOW; GLACIER; STABILITY; LAKE RP US GEOL SURVEY, CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERV, VANCOUVER, WA 98661 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1994 VL 40 IS 134 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA NT101 UT WOS:A1994NT10100026 ER PT J AU FOUNTAIN, AG AF FOUNTAIN, AG TI BOREHOLE WATER-LEVEL VARIATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SUBGLACIAL HYDRAULICS OF SOUTH CASCADE GLACIER, WASHINGTON-STATE, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE SYSTEM; FLOW; MECHANISM; PRESSURE; STREAM; SURGE AB Boreholes were drilled in South Cascade Glacier to investigate the hydraulics of subglacial water flow. Results indicate that subglacial water pressures are generally close to local ice-overburden pressures and that a subglacial debris layer probably exists. Calculations indicate that the range of hydraulic conductivity of this layer is 10(-7)-10(-4)ms(-1). The borehole water levels generally increased during the ablation season and may be caused by a seasonal evolution in the permeability of the debris layer. Water in the debris layer drains to a subglacial conduit, the existence of which is inferred by large diurnal variations in the water level of one borehole. These levels commonly reached the bottom of the glacier, indicating near-atmospheric pressures in the conduit. RP FOUNTAIN, AG (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,BOX 25046,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 1994 VL 40 IS 135 BP 293 EP 304 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA PB987 UT WOS:A1994PB98700008 ER EF