FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Thorn, KA Mikita, MA AF Thorn, KA Mikita, MA TI Nitrite fixation by humic substances: Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for potential intermediates in chemodenitrification SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; NITRATE; N-15; ACCUMULATION; ENHANCEMENT; RESIDUES; BINDING; WATER AB Studies have Suggested that NO,, produced during nitrification and denitrification, can become incorporated into soil organic matter and, in one of the processes associated with chemodenitrification, react with organic matter to form trace N gases, including N2O. To gain an understanding of the nitrosation chemistry on a molecular level, soil and aquatic humic substances were reacted with N-15-labeled NaNO2, and analyzed by liquid phase N-15 and UC nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Pahokee peat and peat humic acid were also reacted with (NaNO2)-N-15 and analyzed by solid-state N-15 NMR. In Suwannee River, Armadale, and Laurentian fulvic acids, phenolic rings and activated methylene groups underwent nitrosation to form nitrosophenols (quinone monoximes) and ketoximes, respectively. The oximes underwent Beckmann rearrangements to 2 degrees amides, and Beckmann Fragmentations to nitriles. The nitriles in turn underwent hydrolysis to 1 degrees amides. Peaks tentatively identified as imine, indophenol, or azoxybenzene nitrogens were clearly present in spectra of samples nitrosated at pH 6 but diminished at pH 3. The N-15 NMR spectrum of the peat humic acid exhibited peaks corresponding with N-nitroso groups in addition to nitrosophenols, ketoximes, and secondary Beckmann reaction products. Formation of N-nitroso groups was more significant in the whole peat compared with the peat humic acid. Carbon-13 NMR analyses also indicated the occurrence of nitrosative demethoxylation in peat and soil humic acids. Reaction of N-15-NH3 fixated fulvic acid with unlabeled NO2- resulted in nitrosative deamination of aminohydroquinone N, suggesting a previously unrecognized pathway for production of N-2 gas in soils fertilized with NH3. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Dept Chem, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Thorn, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 65 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 27 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2 BP 568 EP 582 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 356MC UT WOS:000089446200018 ER PT J AU Hein, EW Myers, OB AF Hein, EW Myers, OB TI The effect of surveyor experience on frequency of recapture in pierid butterflies SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY; ABUNDANCE; CAPTURE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hein, EW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2105 Osuna NE, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 EI 1943-6262 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.2307/3672553 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301ZM UT WOS:000086340500009 ER PT J AU Johnson, GE Adams, NS Johnson, RL Rondorf, DW Dauble, DD Barila, TY AF Johnson, GE Adams, NS Johnson, RL Rondorf, DW Dauble, DD Barila, TY TI Evaluation of the prototype surface bypass for salmonid smolts in spring 1996 and 1997 at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER; WELLS DAM; PASSAGE; BEHAVIOR AB In spring 1996 and 1997, we studied the prototype surface bypass and collector (SBC) at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River in Washington. Our objectives were to determine the most efficient SBC configuration and to describe smolt movements and swimming behavior in the forebay. To do this, we used hydroacoustic and radiotelemetry techniques. The SBC was retrofitted onto the upstream face of the north half of the powerhouse to test the surface bypass method of diverting smolts from turbines. The SBC had three entrances, with mean velocities ranging from 0.37 to 1.92 m/s, and it discharged 113 m(3)/s through its outlet at Spill Bay I, which was adjacent to the powerhouse. Different SBC configurations were created by altering the size and shape of entrances. During spring 1996 and 1997, river discharge was well above normal (123 and 154% of average, respectively). Powerhouse operations caused a strong downward component of flow upstream of the SBC. Many smolts (primarily steelhead and secondarily chinook salmon) were observed actively swimming upward in the water column. There were four times as many smolts diverted from turbines per unit volume of water with SBC flow than with spill flow, which indicated that the SBC may be an especially important bypass consideration in moderate- or low-flow years. The highest SBC efficiency (the proportion of total fish passing through the north half of the powerhouse by all routes that passed through the SEC) for any configuration tested was about 40%. Although no single SBC configuration stood out as the most efficient, the horizontal surface and maximum area configurations, or some combination of the two. are worth further investigation because they were moderately efficient. C1 Battelles Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cook, WA 98605 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), BioAnalysts Inc, 11807 NE 99th St,Suite 1160, Vancouver, WA 98682 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 381 EP 397 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0381:EOTPSB>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900004 ER PT J AU Ruetz, CR Jennings, CA AF Ruetz, CR Jennings, CA TI Swimming performance of larval robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum and low-velocity habitat modeling in the Oconee River, Georgia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; COLORADO RIVER; STREAM; ASSEMBLAGE; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; RECOVERY; FLOODS; DRIFT; BASS AB The robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum occurs in an 85-km stretch of the Oconee River, Georgia, downstream of a hydropower dam. The population consists primarily of older individuals and recruitment in recent years has been minimal. Operation of the hydropower dam may have affected recruitment negatively by displacing newly hatched larvae downstream and away from nursery habitats. Our null hypothesis was that larval robust redhorse can tolerate water velocities that occur in the Oconee River during peak river discharge related to hydropower generation. We measured swimming speeds for three size-classes of larvae (means: 13,1, 16.2, and 20.4 mm total length) and modeled low-velocity habitat (i.e,, as defined by larval swimming speeds) in the Oconee River. We used logistic regression to calculate prolonged swimming speeds (i.e., water velocity at which 50% of fish failed to swim for 1 h) for each size-class and to predict the proportion of larvae in the water column that could maintain their position in the river. Prolonged swimming speeds were 6.9, 10.6, and 11.7 cm/s for 13.1-, 16.2-, and 20.4-mm fish, respectively. Habitat modeling suggested that low-velocity areas were present in the river and that there was not a strong relationship between low-velocity habitat and discharge. However, low-velocity habitats were dynamic during fluctuating discharge, and the ability of larval robust redhorse to access these dynamic areas is unknown. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 398 EP 407 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0398:SPOLRR>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900005 ER PT J AU Buhl, KJ Hamilton, SJ AF Buhl, KJ Hamilton, SJ TI Acute toxicity of fire-control chemicals, nitrogenous chemicals, and surfactants to rainbow trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; FORMULATIONS; RETARDANT; PH AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of three ammonia based fire retardants (Fire-Trol LCA-E Fire-Trol LCM-R, and Phos-Chek 259F), five surfactant-based fire-suppressant foams (FireFoam 103B, FireFoam 104, Fire Quench, ForExpan S, and Pyrocap B-136), three nitrogenous chemicals (ammonia. nitrate, and nitrite), and two anionic surfactants (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate [LAS] and sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) to juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in soft water. The descending rank order of toxicity (96-h concentration lethal to 50% of test organisms [96-h LC50]) for the fire retardants was as follows: Phos-Chek 259F (168 mg/L) > Fire-Trol LCA-F (942 mg/L) = Fire-Trol LCM-R (1,141 mg/L). The descending rank order of toxicity for the foams was as follows: FireFoam 103B (12.2 mg/L) = FireFoam 104 (13.0 mg/L) > ForExpan S (21.8 mg/L) > Fire Quench (39.0 mg/L)> Pyrocap B-136 (156 mg/L). Except for Pyrocap B-136, the foams were more toxic than the fire retardants. Un-ionized ammonia (NH3; 0.125 mg/L as N) was about six times more toxic than nitrite (0.79 mg/L NO2-N) and about 13,300 times more toxic than nitrate (1,658 mg/L NO3-N). Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (5.0 mg/L) was about five times more toxic than SDS (24.9 mg/L). Estimated total ammonia and NH, concentrations at the 96-h LC50s of the fire retardants indicated that ammonia was the primary toxic component in these formulations. Based on estimated anionic surfactant concentrations at the 96-h LC50s of the foams and reference surfactants, LAS was intermediate in toxicity and SDS was less toxic to rainbow trout when compared with the foams. Comparisons of recommended application concentrations to the test results indicate that accidental inputs of these chemicals into streams require substantial dilutions (100-1,750-fold) to reach concentrations nonlethal to rainbow trout. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Buhl, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 408 EP 418 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0408:ATOFCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900006 ER PT J AU Meretsky, VJ Valdez, RA Douglas, ME Brouder, MJ Gorman, OT Marsh, PC AF Meretsky, VJ Valdez, RA Douglas, ME Brouder, MJ Gorman, OT Marsh, PC TI Spatiotemporal variation in length-weight relationships of endangered humpback chub: Implications for conservation and management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UPPER COLORADO-RIVER; GRAND-CANYON; BOTHRIOCEPHALUS-ACHEILOGNATHI; GILA-CYPHA; CONDITION INDEXES; ENERGY CONTENT; CYPRINID FISH; ARIZONA; ECOLOGY; PREVALENCE AB The largest population of endangered humpback chub Gila cypha inhabits the lower Little Colorado River (LCR) and the main-stem Colorado River near its confluence with the LCR in Grand Canyon, Arizona. At present, fish in both rivers spawn almost exclusively in the LCR. Flows in the main-stem Colorado River are regulated by Glen Canyon Dam, and water temperature approximates predam winter temperatures year-round. The LCR continues to provide a relatively natural hydrograph and seasonal warming patterns. Length-weight relationships among adult humpback chub from the lower Colorado River basin showed a seasonal pattern of declining condition during spring spawning season followed by recovery of condition during summer through early winter. Fish from the main stem recovered condition more rapidly after reproduction than did fish from the LCR and may have benefited from dam-mediated environmental changes. Grand Canyon Colorado River fish had the greatest weight at length of eight locations sampled in the upper and lower basins. Records since 1978 indicate a decline in condition of lower basin humpback chub coincident with a reported decline in population size in Grand Canyon. We recommend increased monitoring of all populations, including mark-recapture studies to provide population estimates during the spawning season and condition monitoring during October-November to determine more subtle changes in fish health. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. SWCA Inc, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Zool, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Res Branch, Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Meretsky, VJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0419:SVILWR>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900007 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Horgan, M Kieffer, M Seibel, D AF Kynard, B Horgan, M Kieffer, M Seibel, D TI Habitats used by shortnose sturgeon in two Massachusetts rivers, with notes on estuarine Atlantic sturgeon: A hierarchical approach SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-BREVIROSTRUM; MOVEMENTS; FRAMEWORK; BEHAVIOR; TROUT AB Biotelemetry of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum and Atlantic sturgeon A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus was used to study fish uses of habitat in several hierarchical classes in the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers. Hierarchical classes were geomorphological region (straight river run, run with an island, and river curve), river cross section (channel or shoal), and microhabitat (water depth, bottom current, substrate, and illumination). Coastal wandering juvenile Atlantic sturgeon were summer visitors to the Merrimack River, where they used a narrow range of habitat on all spatial scales, e.g., run-with-island, the channel portion of the cross section, and sand substrate. Shortnose sturgeon, year-round residents in both rivers, showed great individual variation in habitat use, and all ages selected a broad range of habitats on all spatial scales. However, shortnose sturgeon in both rivers preferred curves with sand or cobble substrate and avoided runs regardless of substrate. Individuals used channel or shoal at rates ranging from 0 to 100% on a weekly time scale in an unpredictable manner. Connecticut River shortnose sturgeon increased their use of curves, channels (deep water), and sand substrate in the fall. This strategy may conserve energy because these conditions usually reflect slow water velocity. Winter habitat selection continued the fall pattern, but was less variable because habitat affinity was highest among wintering fish. Documenting individual fish use of large-scale habitat revealed habitat relationships that would not have been discovered if only fish use of microhabitat had been studied. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 487 EP 503 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0487:HUBSSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900012 ER PT J AU Walsh, MG Bjorgo, KA Isely, JJ AF Walsh, MG Bjorgo, KA Isely, JJ TI Effects of implantation method and temperature on mortality and loss of simulated transmitters in hybrid striped bass SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; CYANOACRYLATE ADHESIVE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CHANNEL CATFISH; EXPULSION; TELEMETRY; INCISIONS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH AB To determine the effects of surgical implantation method and temperature on mortality and transmitter loss, we compared two antenna placements (trailing antenna versus shielded needle) and two suture materials (absorbable versus nonabsorbable) in hybrid striped bass Morone saxitilis x Morone chrysops (227-410 mm total length) that had been surgically implanted with simulated transmitters and held at high (22-29 degrees C) and low (12-18 degrees C) temperatures for 120 d. Fish were individually examined after 7, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d to evaluate suture and wound condition as well as transmitter loss. Neither suture material nor antenna placement affected transmitter loss, mortality, or growth at either high or low temperatures. Absorbable sutures were lost more quickly than were nonabsorbable sutures, but they persisted beyond incision closure at both high and low temperatures. At high temperatures, 50% suture loss occurred by 30 d for absorbable sutures and by 60 d for nonabsorbable sutures. Mortality occurred only at high temperatures but was delayed and was likely caused by peritoneal infection. Transmitter loss was not significant; it occurred only in the low-temperature trial and was caused by pressure necrosis at the incision rather than by suture failure. Temperature significantly affected all responses examined in this study. Significant irritation, infection, and mortality occurred in all treatment groups at high temperatures. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Dep Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Dep Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 24 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0539:EOIMAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900016 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Bennett, DH AF Chipps, SR Bennett, DH TI Zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by invertebrate (Mysis relicta) and vertebrate (Oncorhynchus nerka) planktivores: Implications for trophic interactions in oligotrophic lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; GIZZARD SHAD; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; PHOSPHORUS; PREDATION; MICHIGAN; FISH AB We investigated zooplanktivory and nutrient regeneration by the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta and kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka to assess the relative roles of these planktivores in oligotrophic food webs. Using bioenergetic models and clearance rate estimates, we quantified phosphorus (P) excretion rates and consumption of cladoceran prey by Mysis and kokanees in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, from 1995 to 1996. Consumption of cladoceran prey by Mysis was 186 kg.ha(-1).year(-1), whereas consumption by kokanees was less than one quarter as much, at 45 kg.ha(-1).year(-1). Similarly, Mysis excreted approximately 0.250 kg P.ha(-1).year(-1) during nighttime migrations into the upper water column, whereas P excretion by kokanees was less than one third as much, at approximately 0.070 kg P.ha(-1).year(-1). On a volumetric basis, nocturnal excretion by Mysis ranged from 0.002 to 0.007 mu g P.L-1.d(-1) and accounted for less than 1% of the soluble reactive P typically measured in the upper water column of the lake. Hence, nutrient recycling by Mysis may be limited in the upper water column because of the nocturnal feeding habitats that constrain Mysis to deeper strata for much of the day. In spring and autumn months, low abundance of cladoceran prey coincided with high seasonal energy requirements of the Mysis population that were linked to timing of annual Mysis brood release and abundance of age-0 Mysis. Predation by Mysis accounted for 5-70% of daily cladoceran standing stock, supporting the notion that seasonal availability of cladocerans may be regulated by Mysis predation. In lakes where Mysis experience little predation mortality, they likely play a dominant role in food web interactions (e.g., trophic cascades) relative to planktivorous fishes. Biotic mechanisms, such as successful predator-avoidance behavior, omnivorous feeding habits, and seasonal variation in Mysis biomass, enhance the ability of Mysis to influence food web interactions from an intermediate trophic level. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 88 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0569:ZANRBI>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900020 ER PT J AU Ketola, HG Bowser, PR Wooster, GA Wedge, LR Hurst, SS AF Ketola, HG Bowser, PR Wooster, GA Wedge, LR Hurst, SS TI Effects of thiamine on reproduction of Atlantic salmon and a new hypothesis for their extirpation in Lake Ontario SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SWIM-UP SYNDROME; GREAT-LAKES; TROUT; CONTAMINANTS; MORTALITY; MICHIGAN; ALEWIFE AB Previous researchers demonstrated that a mortality in fry (called Cayuga syndrome) of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from Cayuga Lake (New York) was associated with low levels of thiamine. They reduced the mortality of fry by bathing or injecting fry with thiamine. We injected four to six gravid female Atlantic salmon with either physiological saline (PS) or PS plus thiamine (7 mg/kg weight) 14-23 d before eggs were stripped, fertilized, and incubated in individual lots. Chemical analyses showed that eggs from control and treated salmon contained 1.1 and 1.6 nmol thiamine/g, respectively. Thiamine injections had no significant effect on the percentage of eggs that hatched. Between 700 and 800 Celius degree-days postfertilization, control fry (saline) showed signs of Cayuga syndrome and a 45% incidence of mortality; in contrast, mortality was only 1.9% for fry that received thiamine. By 1,078 degree-days postfertilization, mean mortality of control fry was 98.6%, whereas that for thiamine-injected salmon was 2.1%. This study showed that thiamine injections of prespawning female salmon from Cayuga Lake increased thiamine content of their eggs and prevented the Cayuga syndrome and subsequent mortality of fry. Historically, overfishing, pollution, and building of dams and barriers to spawning migration were suggested as possible causes of the decline of the Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario and Cayuga Lake. Based on our findings and other reports, we suggest another possible contributing cause of the extirpation of landlocked Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario and some other inland waters of New York: the entrance of alewives Alosa pseudoharengus containing thiaminase, which induced thiamine deficiency in eggs and increased mortality in fry of the predatory salmon. C1 US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Aquat Anim Hlth Program, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12231 USA. RP Ketola, HG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. EM hgk1@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0607:EOTORO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900024 ER PT J AU Isely, JJ Kempton, C AF Isely, JJ Kempton, C TI Influence of costocking on growth of young-of-year brook trout and rainbow trout SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BROWN TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY STREAM; TOXICITY; LAKES AB We examined the effects of costocking on growth of hatchery-produced young-of-year brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the laboratory. Fry of both species (brook trout = 0.16 +/- 0.01 g; rainbow trout = 0.18 +/- 0.01 g; mean weight +/- standard deviation) were stocked into 400-L recirculation raceways at a rate of 100 fish/raceway and were held at 12 degrees C. Raceways received either rainbow trout only (n = 3), brook trout only (n = 3), or half brook trout and half rainbow trout (n = 3). Trout were fed a commercial trout feed three times per day at an initial rate of 10% body weight/d, which was reduced to 3% body weight/d by the 6th week of the study as a result of a buildup of excess feed. After 8 weeks of similar treatment, brook trout were significantly larger than rainbow trout (in terms of length and weight) when they were stocked alone. However, rainbow trout were significantly larger than brook trout tin terms of length and weight) in the costocked treatment. A second phase of the study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ration level on growth of costocked brook and rainbow trout using low (2% body weight/d), medium (4% body weight/d), and high (6% body weight/d) ration levels. After 8 weeks, rainbow trout were significantly larger than brook trout tin terms of length and weight) in all costocked feeding treatments. This suggests that behavioral interaction might have resulted in decreased growth of brook trout when they were costocked with rainbow trout. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Aquaculture Fisheries & Wildlife, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Isely, JJ (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 129 IS 2 BP 613 EP 617 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0613:IOCOGO>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 342GB UT WOS:000088635900025 ER PT J AU Francy, DS Helsel, DR Nally, RA AF Francy, DS Helsel, DR Nally, RA TI Occurrence and distribution of microbiological indicators in groundwater and stream water SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microbiological monitoring; public-health microbiology; groundwater monitoring; stream water monitoring ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB A total of 136 stream water and 143 groundwater samples collected in five important hydrologic systems of the United States were analyzed for microbiological indicators to test monitoring concepts in a nationally consistent program. Total coliforms were found in 99%. Escherichia coli in 97%. and Clostridium perfringens in 73% of stream water samples analyzed for each bacterium. Total coliforms were found in 20%. E. coli in less than 1%. and C. perfringens in none of the groundwater samples analyzed for each bacterium. Although coliphage analyses were performed on many of the samples, contamination in the laboratory and problems discerning discrete plaques precluded quantification. Land use was found to have the most significant effect on concentrations of bacterial indicators in stream water. Presence of septic systems on the property near the sampling site and well depth were found to be related to detection of coliforms in groundwater. although these relationships were nor statistically significant. A greater diversity of sites, more detailed information about some factors, and a larger dataset may provide further insight to factors that affect microbiological indicators. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Francy, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 6480 Doubletree Ave, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 72 IS 2 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.2175/106143000X137220 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 300EM UT WOS:000086239900005 ER PT J AU Greb, SR Bannerman, RT Corsi, SR Pitt, RE AF Greb, SR Bannerman, RT Corsi, SR Pitt, RE TI Evaluation of the multichambered treatment train, a retrofit water-quality management practice SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE best management practice; evaluation; water quality; stormwater; treatment AB This study evaluated the water-quality benefits of a new urban best management practice design called the multichambered treatment train (MCTT). The study consisted of collecting flow-weighted water-quality samples at influent and effluent locations for 15 consecutive storms. Device efficiencies were based on load reductions of 68 constituents. Total rainfall amounts for the 15 storms ranged from 0.45 to 3.48 cm, yielding 1.7 to 8.9 m(3) of water treated by the device. None of these storms surcharged the unit. High reduction efficiencies were found for all particulate-associated constituents, such as total suspended solids (98%), total phosphorus (88%), and total recoverable zinc (91%). Dissolved fractions had substantial but somewhat lesser removal rates (dissolved phosphorus, 78%; dissolved zinc, 68%). Total dissolved solids, which originated from road salt storage, yielded 4 times the total suspended solids load. No appreciable shift was seen between influent and effluent particle size distributions. C1 Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Greb, SR (reprint author), 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 72 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.2175/106143000X137365 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 300EM UT WOS:000086239900013 ER PT J AU Brandt, LA Portier, KM Kitchens, WM AF Brandt, LA Portier, KM Kitchens, WM TI Patterns of change in tree islands in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge from 1950 to 1991 SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE everglades; hydrology; landscape pattern; Loxahatchee; tree islands AB Size, shape, orientation, and distribution of tree islands in a remnant of northern Everglades wetland were examined from 1950 and 1991 aerial photography. The objectives were to quantify the patterns of tree islands in Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, to determine if the patterns of toe islands had changed between the two dates, and to relate the tree island patterns to modeled pre- and post-drainage hydrologic patterns. There was considerable variation in the patterns of tree islands spatially and temporally. Changes in the size and shape of tree islands from 1950 to 1991 are consistent with changes in the modeled pre- and post-drainage hydrologic patterns. Photo plots along the edges of the refuge, when hydroperiods are longer and depths deeper than they were historically, show a decrease in tree island size and in overall area of tree islands in the plots. Photo plots in the interior, where hydroperiods are shorter than they were pre-drainage, show an increase in tree island area. Overall, there is a tendency for more tree islands to be irregularly shaped in the 1991 photo plots than in the 1950 plots, a reflection of the loss of water Row, reduction of pulse magnitude, and the pending of water along the perimeter dikes. This study illustrates the importance of considering long-term changes in hydroperiod, depths, and water hows in the restoration of this area. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Brandt, LA (reprint author), USFWS, Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee Natl Wildlife Refug, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0001:POCITI]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298WJ UT WOS:000086162200001 ER PT J AU Elder, JF Rybicki, NB Carter, V Weintraub, V AF Elder, JF Rybicki, NB Carter, V Weintraub, V TI Sources and yields of dissolved carbon in northern Wisconsin stream catchments with differing amounts of peatland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE peatlands; carbon cycle; Wisconsin; dissolved organic carbon; dissolved inorganic carbon; hydrology; watershed yields ID SANDY SILICATE AQUIFER; ORGANIC-CARBON; STABLE ISOTOPES; LAKES; GROUNDWATER; ECOSYSTEM; ONTARIO; EXPORT; WATER; EVOLUTION AB In five tributary streams (four inflowing and one outflowing) of 1600-ha Trout Lake in northern Wisconsin, USA, we examined factors that can affect the magnitude of stream flow and transport of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) through the streams to the lake. One catchment, the Allequash Creek basin, was investigated in more detail to describe the dynamics of carbon flow and to identify potential carbon sources. Stream flows and carbon loads showed little or no relation to surface-water catchment area. They were more closely related to ground-water watershed area because ground-water discharge, from both local and regional sources, is a major contributor to the hydrologic budgets of these catchments. An important factor in determining carbon influx to the stream is the area of peatland in the catchment. Peatland porewaters contain DOC concentrations up to 40 mg l(-1) and are a significant potential carbon source. Ground-water discharge and lateral flow through peat are the suspected mechanisms for transport of that carbon to the streams. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes suggested that the sources of DOC in Allequash Creek above Allequash Lake were wetland vegetation and peat and that the sources below Allequash Lake were filamentous algae and wild rice. Catchments with high proportions of peatland, including the Allequash Creek catchment, tended to have elevated DOC loads in outflowing stream water. Respiration and carbon mineralization in lakes within the system tend to produce low DOC and low DOC/DIC in lake outflows, especially at Trout Lake. In Allequash Lake, however, the shallow peat island and vegetation-filled west end were sources of DOC. Despite the vast carbon reservoir in the peatlands, carbon yields were very low in these catchments. Maximum yields were on the order of 2.5 g m(-2) y(-1) DOC and 5.5 g m(-2) y(-1) DIC. The small yields were attributable to low stream flows due to lack of significant overland runoff and very limited stream channel coverage of the total catchment area. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Wisconsin Dist, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 21092 USA. No Virginia Community Coll, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Elder, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Wisconsin Dist, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0113:SAYODC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298WJ UT WOS:000086162200011 ER PT J AU Allen, JA Ewel, KC Keeland, BD Tara, T Smith, TJ AF Allen, JA Ewel, KC Keeland, BD Tara, T Smith, TJ TI Downed wood in Micronesian mangrove forests SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE coarse woody debris; Federated States of Micronesia; harvesting impacts; Kosrae; Pohnpei; Yap ID DEAD WOOD; STAND STRUCTURE; DEBRIS; ECOSYSTEMS; AUSTRALIA; MASS; DECOMPOSITION; DETRITUS; OREGON; CRABS AB Dead, downed wood is an important component of upland forest and aquatic ecosystems, but its role in wetland ecosystems, including mangroves, is poorly understood. We measured downed wood in ten sites on the western Pacific islands of Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap, all located within the Federated States of Micronesia. Our goals were to examine patterns of variability in the quantity of downed wood in these mangrove ecosystems, provide a general characterization of downed wood in a region with no previously published accounts, and investigate the relationship between harvesting practices and the amount of downed wood. The overall mean volume of downed wood at our study sites was estimated to be 60.8 m(3) ha(-1) (20.9 t ha(-1)), which is greater than most published data for forested wetlands. There were significant differences among islands, with the sites on Kosrae (104.2 m(3) ha(-1)) having a much greater mean volume of downed wood than those on Pohnpei (43.1 m(3) ha(-1)) or Yap (35.1 m(3) ha(-1)). Part of the difference among islands may be attributable to differences in stand age and structure, but the most important factor seems to be the greater amount of wood harvesting on Kosrae, coupled with a low efficiency of use of cut trees. Of a total of 45 cut trees examined on Kosrae, no wood had been removed from 18 (40%); these are believed to be trees cut down because other, more valuable, trees were caught on them as they were felled. Of the other 27 trees, only 24 to 42% of the stem volume (to a 10 cm top) was removed from the forest, the amount varying by species. The impacts of current harvesting practices are unknown but may include important effects on tree regeneration and the abundance and species composition of crab populations. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Kosrae State Dept Agr & Land, Forestry Sect, Kosrae 96844, Micronesia. Florida Int Univ, US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, SERC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Allen, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0169:DWIMMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298WJ UT WOS:000086162200015 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Johnson, RR Cooper, TR Holland, MM Higgins, KE AF Naugle, DE Johnson, RR Cooper, TR Holland, MM Higgins, KE TI Temporal distribution of waterfowl in eastern South Dakota: Implications for aerial surveys SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; broods; diving ducks; estimation; index; population; prairie pothole region; South Dakota; temporal distribution AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service incorporate information from annual aerial and ground counts of waterfowl into harvest management strategies. Timing of population surveys is thought to be optimal for early nesting species but may not reliably reflect the status of species with later migration chronology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of survey timing on diving duck and duck brood abundance indices in eastern South Dakota. Findings indicate that timing of aerial breeding surveys occurred too early in eastern South Dakota to accurately reflect diving duck population status because birds had not yet settled into breeding habitats and aerial production surveys did not coincide with peak duck brood abundance. Diving duck abundance from aerial surveys conducted during 10-17 May were higher than indices from ground surveys conducted 2 weeks later because lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris), and bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) were still migrating through eastern South Dakota. Ground-survey estimates of redhead (Aythya americana) and canvasback (Aythya valisineria) abundance exceeded the upper limit of 95% confidence intervals for aerial survey estimates. Results from our second year of study showed an 11-fold decrease in lesser scaup abundance and an 8-fold decrease in ring-necked duck abundance in the two weeks following aerial breeding surveys. Brood abundance of dabbling and diving ducks peaked 1-1.5 months after aerial production surveys conducted in early July. Late-nesting indices calculated from aerial surveys were unrelated (P = 0.21) to number of late-hatching broods, whereas number of broods hatching after aerial surveys was correlated with late-nesting indices from ground surveys (r(2) = 0.74, P < 0.01) and with number of July ponds (r(2) = 0.77, P < 0.01). We encourage scientists to initiate a more thorough evaluation of survey biases to ensure that trends accurately reflect status of duck populations and to explore the possibility of using a separate late May/early June aerial survey after diving ducks have settled into habitat as a way of assessing breeding population trends for these species. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, N Amer Waterfowl & Wetlands Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Minnesoat Valley Natl Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota Waterfowl Assoc, Bloomington, MN 55425 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0177:TDOWIE]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298WJ UT WOS:000086162200016 ER PT J AU Hanson, MA Roy, CC Euliss, NH Zimmer, KD Riggs, MR Butler, MG AF Hanson, MA Roy, CC Euliss, NH Zimmer, KD Riggs, MR Butler, MG TI A surface-associated activity trap for capturing water-surface and aquatic invertebrates in wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE activity traps; aquatic invertebrates; experimental wetlands; sampling ID MARSHES; POWER; FISH AB We developed a surface-associated activity trap (SAT) for sampling aquatic invertebrates in wetlands. We compared performance of this trap with that of a conventional activity trap (AT) based on nondetection rates and relative abundance estimates for 13 taxa of common wetland invertebrates and for taxon richness using data from experiments in constructed wetlands. Taxon-specific non-detection rates for ATs generally exceeded those of SATs, and largest improvements using SATs were for Chironomidae and Gastropoda. SATs were efficient at capturing cladocera, Chironomidae, Gastropoda, total Crustacea, and multiple taxa (taxon richness) but were only slightly better than ATs at capturing Dytiscidae. Temporal differences in capture rates were observed only for cladocera, Chironomidae, Dytiscidae, and total Crustacea, with capture efficiencies of SATs usually decreasing from mid-June through mid-July for these taxa. We believe that SATs may be useful for characterizing wetland invertebrate communities and for developing improved measures of prey available to foraging waterfowl and other aquatic birds. C1 Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Zool, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Carlos Avery Wildlife Management Area, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. RP Hanson, MA (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, 102 23rd St NE, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0205:ASAATF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 298WJ UT WOS:000086162200021 ER PT J AU Czech, B AF Czech, B TI The importance of ecological economics to wildlife conservation - An introduction SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refugees, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refugees, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,MS670, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 308EJ UT WOS:000086697300002 ER PT J AU Czech, B AF Czech, B TI Economic growth as the limiting factor for wildlife conservation SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society CY SEP 22-26, 1998 CL BUFFALO, NEW YORK SP Wildlife Soc DE carrying capacity; competitive exclusion; ecological economics; economic growth; limiting factor; neoclassical economics; niche breadth; steady state economy ID UNITED-STATES AB The concept of limiting factor includes the lack of welfare factors and the presence of decimating factors. Originally applied to populations and species, the concept may also be applied to wildlife in the aggregate. Because the decimating factor of economic growth eliminates welfare factors for virtually all imperiled species via the principle of competitive exclusion, economic growth may be classified as the limiting factor for wildlife conservation. The wildlife profession has been virtually silent about this limiting factor, suggesting that the profession has been laboring in futility. The public, exhorted by neoclassical economists and political leaders, supports economic growth as a national goal. To address the limiting factor for wildlife conservation, wildlife professionals need to become versed in the history of economic growth theory, neoclassical economic growth theory, and the alternative growth paradigm provided by ecological economics. The Wildlife Society should lead the natural resources professions in developing a position on economic growth. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuges, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuges, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,MS670, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 77 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 4 EP 15 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 308EJ UT WOS:000086697300003 ER PT J AU Sherfy, MH Kirkpatrick, RL Richkus, KD AF Sherfy, MH Kirkpatrick, RL Richkus, KD TI Benthos core sampling and chironomid vertical distribution: implications for assessing shorebird food availability SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE benthic sampling; chironomid; core sample; invertebrate; impoundment; moist-soil management; shorebird; vertical distribution ID MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; INVERTEBRATE PREY; BAY; SELECTION; WETLANDS; DIPTERA; BIOLOGY AB Benthic core samples are used widely to assess availability of invertebrate prey to shorebirds. Accepted methodology includes sampling to a depth of 70 cm, although many shorebirds are morphologically incapable of acquiring prey at this depth. Given the time savings that would accrue from collecting smaller samples, we assessed the validity of sampling to a depth of 5 cm. We collected samples (n = 72) from moist-soil impoundments at 2 Atlantic coastal study sites being managed for migrant shorebirds. Each sample consisted of a IO-cm core that was split into 2 5-cm layers. Chironomids in the 5-cm surface layer accounted for 62% and 68% of within-sample abundance and biomass and explained 94% and 87% of the variation in among-sample chironomid abundance and biomass, respectively. Variance estimates among samples for abundance and biomass did not differ between 5-cm and 10-cm cores. We conclude that collecting benthic core samples at a depth of 5 cm is a valid sampling approach and recommend that this method be used in future studies of availability of shorebird foods. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Sherfy, MH (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 308EJ UT WOS:000086697300018 ER PT J AU Baltz, ME Ratnaswamy, MJ AF Baltz, ME Ratnaswamy, MJ TI Mascot conservation programs: using college animal mascots to support species conservation efforts SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE conservation program; flagship species; mascot conservation; Panthera tigris; predators; umbrella species ID TIGER AB Among the species of conservation concern are several popular collegiate mascots (i.e., eagles, tigers). However, few colleges and universities have contributed to conservation efforts aimed at the animal species represented by their mascots. This lack of involvement is unfortunate because universities have many resources that could be used to support conservation. The University of Missouri-Columbia (MU) has created the Mizzou Tigers for Tigers conservation program in an attempt to aid conservation efforts aimed at MU's mascot, the Bengal tiger. Mizzou Tigers for Tigers has three objectives: 1) raising public awareness about wild tigers and their conservation, 2) funding capacity-building projects in tiger-range countries (i.e., purchasing equipment and training park guards), and 3) developing research and educational partnerships between MU and organizations in tiger-range countries. We believe that this comprehensive program could serve as a model program for universities throughout the country that have species of conservation concern as their mascots. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Baltz, ME (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Habitat Evoluat & Protect, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 159 EP 163 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 308EJ UT WOS:000086697300023 ER PT J AU Moen, AN Boomer, GS Runge, MC AF Moen, AN Boomer, GS Runge, MC TI Professional development of under-graduates in wildlife ecology and management SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE active learning; cooperative learning; course continuum; ecology concepts; electronic publication; learning groups; management concepts; modeling; publication; wildlife AB This paper describes a cooperative learning environment and a course continuum in wildlife ecology and management which promote the professional development of undergraduates. Students learn about functional relationships in ecology and management in lecture periods that focus on concepts, with participation by students in active learning exercises. Laboratory periods are designed around learning groups, which consist of freshmen through graduate students who focus on a common theme as they work together, while each student is responsible for his or her own research. Undergraduate teaching assistants and senior wildlife management students coordinate the activities of the teaming groups and supervise the student research, learning about personnel management by active participation in leadership roles. Publication of research results on a wildlife ecology and management information system in the department's Cooperative Learning Center enables students to share what they learn with their peers and with students who follow in later years. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Moen, AN (reprint author), Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Runge, Michael/E-7331-2011 OI Runge, Michael/0000-0002-8081-536X NR 15 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 180 EP 190 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 308EJ UT WOS:000086697300026 ER PT J AU Austin, JE Afton, AD Anderson, MG Clark, RG Custer, CM Lawrence, JS Pollard, JB Ringelman, JK AF Austin, JE Afton, AD Anderson, MG Clark, RG Custer, CM Lawrence, JS Pollard, JB Ringelman, JK TI Declining scaup populations: issues, hypotheses, and research needs SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; Aythya marila; management; population; research needs; trends ID LESSER SCAUP AB The population estimate for greater (Aythya marila) and lesser (Aythya affinis) scaup (combined) has declined dramatically since the early 1980s to record lows in 1998. The 1998 estimate of 3.47 million scaup is far below the goal of 6.3 million set in the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), causing concern among biologists and hunters. We summarize issues of concern, hypotheses for factors contributing to the population decline, and research and management needs recommended by participants of the Scaup Workshop, held in September 1999. We believe that contaminants, lower female survival, and reduced recruitment due to changes in food resources or breeding-ground habitats are primary factors contributing to the decline. These factors are not mutually exclusive but likely interact across seasons. Workshop participants identified seven action items. We need to further delineate where declines in breeding populations have occurred, with a primary focus on the western Canadian boreal forest, where declines appear to be most pronounced. Productivity in various areas and habitats throughout the breeding range needs to be assessed by conducting retrospective analyses of existing data and by intensive field studies at broad and local scales. Annual and seasonal survival rates need to be determined in order to assess the role of harvest or natural mortality. Effects of contaminants on reproduction, female body condition, and behavior must be investigated. Use, distribution, and role of food resources relative to body condition and reproduction need to be examined to better understand seasonal dynamics of nutrient reserves and the role in reproductive success. Affiliations among breeding, migration, and wintering areas must be assessed in order to understand differential exposure to harvest or contaminants, and differential reproductive success and recruitment. Biologists and agencies need to gather and improve information needed to manage greater and lesser scaup separately; this includes monitoring the breeding populations of each species separately, closer examination of existing data to improve surveys and data collection, and re-evaluation of the NAWMP population goal. These complex issues will require extensive cooperation and communication among many agencies and organizations in North America. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ducks Unltd Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Wetland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Bemidji, MN 56601 USA. Ducks Unltd Canada, Inst Wetland & Waterfowl Res, Stonewall, MB R0C 2Z0, Canada. Ducks Unlimited Inc, Great Plains Reg Off, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Austin, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Austin, Jane/0000-0001-8775-2210 NR 17 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 254 EP 263 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 308EJ UT WOS:000086697300033 ER PT J AU Cully, JF Michaels, HL AF Cully, JF Michaels, HL TI Henslow's Sparrow habitat associations on Kansas tallgrass prairie SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; BIRDS AB We examined macro- and microhabitat characteristics of breeding Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) on Fort Riley Military Reservation, Kansas during 1995 and 1996. Survey points were identified at the microhabitat scale as either grassland, savanna, or woodland edge. A military disturbance index was used to quantify the severity of training disturbance to the vegetation at survey and bird use sites. At the large scale, Henslow's Sparrows were associated with grassland habitat last burned in 1993, two or three years previously. Microhabitat at Henslow's Sparrow use sites had lower tree density than random survey points, but neither shrub density nor military disturbance index differed between use sites and survey points during spring. In summer, the military track index was higher on Henslow's Sparrow's use sites. Habitat used by Henslow's Spar rows was consistently tall and dense vegetation with high litter cover during early spring, late spring, and summer whereas the vegetation of random survey points changed in response to vegetation growth. Characteristics of Henslow's Sparrow use sites included high cover by litter and dense, structurally homogeneous vegetation, whereas litter depth and standing dead vegetation, physiognomic diversity, and military disturbance did not differ from random survey points. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Cully, JF (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 204 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 112 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112[0115:HSSHAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 289ZZ UT WOS:000085653000015 ER PT J AU Taylor, MH Dillon, WP Pecher, IA AF Taylor, MH Dillon, WP Pecher, IA TI Trapping and migration of methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at the Blake Ridge Diapir: new insights from seismic data SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blake Ridge; gas-hydrates; salt diapirs; trace attributes ID PASSIVE MARGIN AB The Blake Ridge Diapir is the southernmost of a line of salt diapirs along the Carolina trough. Diapirs cause faulting of the superjacent sediments, creating pathways for migration of fluids and gas to the seafloor. We analyzed reflection seismic data from the Blake Ridge Diapir, which is located in a region with known abundant gas hydrate occurrence, A striking feature in these data is a significant shallowing of the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS) over the center of the diapir: The seafloor is warped up by about 100 m above the diapir, from about 2300 m to about 2200 m. The BGHS, as indicated by a bottom simulating reflection (BSR), is about 4.5 s off the flanks of the diapir, rising to about 4.15 s at the center. Above the diapir, a fault system appears to rise vertically from the BGHS to about 0.05 s below the seafloor (40-50 m); it then diverges into several steeply dipping faults that breach the seafloor and cover an area similar to 700 m in diameter, Other secondary faults diverge from the main fault or emerge directly from the BGHS near the crest of the diapir. Gas and other fluids may migrate upward through the faults. We performed complex trace analysis to compare the reflection strength and instantaneous frequency along individual reflections. A low-frequency anomaly over the center of the diapir indicates high seismic attenuation. This is interpreted to be caused by migration of fluids (probably methane) along fault pathways. The migration of gas (i.e. probably mainly methane) through the gas hydrate stability zone is not yet understood. We speculate that pore fluids in the faults may be too warm and too salty to form gas hydrate, even at depths where gas hydrate is stable away from the diapir. Alternatively, gas hydrates may seal the fault walls such that water supply is too low to transform all the gas into gas hydrates. The shallowing of the BSR may reflect increased heatflow above the diapir either caused by the high thermal conductivity of the underlying salt or by advective heat transport along with fluids. High pore water salinity shifts the gas hydrate stability to lower temperatures and may also play a significant role in BSR shallowing. We, therefore, investigated the possible effect of pore water salinity on shallowing of the BSR. We found that BSR shallowing may theoretically be entirely caused by increased salinity over the diapir, although geologically this would not be reasonable. This observation demonstrates the potential importance of pore water salinity for lateral variations of BSR depths, in particular, above salt structures. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. RP Dillon, WP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Taylor, Michael/D-9939-2011; Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012 NR 27 TC 89 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 28 PY 2000 VL 164 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00128-0 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 299TM UT WOS:000086214000008 ER PT J AU Schuster, PF White, DE Naftz, DL Cecil, LD AF Schuster, PF White, DE Naftz, DL Cecil, LD TI Chronological refinement of an ice core record at Upper Fremont Glacier in south central North America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GREENLAND; VOLCANISM; CLIMATE; GISP2; INSTABILITY; ISOTOPES; SIGNAL; SUMMIT; SNOW AB The potential to use ice cores from alpine glaciers in the midlatitudes to reconstruct paleoclimatic records has not been widely recognized. Although excellent paleoclimatic records exist for the polar regions, paleoclimatic ice core records are not common from midlatitude locations. An ice core removed from the Upper Fremont Glacier in Wyoming provides evidence for abrupt climate change during the mid-1800s. Volcanic events (Krakatau and Tambora) identified from electrical conductivity measurements (ECM) and isotopic and chemical data from the Upper Fremont Glacier were reexamined to confirm and refine previous chronological estimates of the ice core. At a depth of 152 m the refined age-depth profile shows good agreement (1736 +/- 10 A.D.) with the C-14 age date (1729 +/- 95 A.D.). The delta(18)O profile of the Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG) ice core indicates a change in climate known as the Little Ice Age (LIA). However, the sampling interval for delta(18)O is sufficiently large (20 cm) such that it is difficult to pinpoint the LIA termination on the basis of delta(18)O data alone. Other research has shown that changes in the delta(18)O variance are generally coincident with changes in ECM variance. The ECM data set contains over 125,000 data points at a resolution of 1 data point per millimeter of ice core. A 999-point running average of the ECM data set and results from f tests indicates that the variance of the ECM data decreases significantly at about 108 m. At this depth, the age-depth profile predicts an age of 1845 A.D. Results indicate the termination of the LIA was abrupt with a major climatic shift to warmer temperatures around 1845 A.D. and continuing to present day. Prediction limits (error bars) calculated for the profile ages are +/-10 years (90% confidence level). Thus a conservative estimate for the time taken to complete the LIA climatic shift to present-day climate is about 10 years, suggesting the LIA termination in alpine regions of central North America may have occurred on a relatively short (decadal) timescale. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Golden Software, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Salt Lake City, UT 84104 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM pschuste@usgs.gov; dave@goldensoftware.com; dlnaftz@usgs.gov; ldcecil@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D4 BP 4657 EP 4666 DI 10.1029/1999JD901095 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287NU UT WOS:000085512800022 ER PT J AU Gaddis, LR Hawke, BR Robinson, MS Coombs, C AF Gaddis, LR Hawke, BR Robinson, MS Coombs, C TI Compositional analyses of small lunar pyroclastic deposits using Clementine multispectral data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID STATE IMAGING DATA; MOON; REGION; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; ERUPTION; CRUST AB Clementine ultraviolet-visible (UVVIS) data are used to examine the compositions of 18 pyroclastic deposits (15 small, three large) at 13 sites on the Moon. Compositional variations among pyroclastic deposits largely result from differing amounts of new basaltic (or juvenile) material and reworked local material entrained in their ejecta upon eruption. Characterization of pyroclastic deposit compositions allows us to understand the mechanisms of lunar explosive volcanism. Evidence for compositional differences between small pyroclastic deposits at a single site is observed at Atlas crater. At all sites, compositional variation among the small pyroclastic deposits is consistent with earlier classification based on Earth-based spectra: three compositional groups can be observed, and the trend of increasing mafic absorption band strength from Group 1 to Group 2 to Group 3 is noted. As redefined here, Group 1 deposits include those of Alphonsus West, Alphonsus Southeast, Alphonsus Northeast 2, Atlas South, Cruger, Franklin, Grimaldi, Lavoisier, Oppenheimer, Orientale, and Riccioli. Group 1 deposits resemble lunar highlands, with weak mafic bands and relatively high UV/VIS ratios. Group 2 deposits include those of Alphonsus Northeast 1, Atlas North, Eastern Frigoris East and West, and Aristarchus Plateau; Group 2 deposits are similar to mature lunar maria, with moderate mafic band depths and intermediate UV/VIS ratios. The single Group 3 deposit, J. Herschel, has a relatively strong mafic band and a low UV/VIS ratio, and olivine is a likely juvenile component. Two of the deposits in these groups, Orientale and Aristarchus, are large pyroclastic deposits. The third large pyroclastic deposit, Apollo 17/Taurus Littrow, has a very weak mafic band and a high UV/VIS ratio and it does not belong to any of the compositional groups for small pyroclastic deposits. The observed compositional variations indicate that highland and mare materials are also present in many large and small pyroclastic deposits, and they suggest that volcanic glasses or spheres may not be dominant juvenile components in all large pyroclastic deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Geol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. Univ Hawaii, SOEST, PGD, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Gaddis, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Program, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 69 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD FEB 25 PY 2000 VL 105 IS E2 BP 4245 EP 4262 DI 10.1029/1999JE001070 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287LG UT WOS:000085506900012 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH Sileo, L Audet, DJ Campbell, JK LeCaptain, LJ Obrecht, HH AF Hoffman, DJ Heinz, GH Sileo, L Audet, DJ Campbell, JK LeCaptain, LJ Obrecht, HH TI Developmental toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment in Canada geese (Branta canadensis) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; AMERICAN KESTRELS; NORTHERN IDAHO; S-TRANSFERASE; MINING SITE; GLUTATHIONE; DUCKS; ACCUMULATION AB Sediment ingestion has recently been identified as an important exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The effects of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho on posthatching development of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) were examined for 6 wk. Day-old goslings received either untreated control diet, clean sediment (48%) supplemented control diet, or CDARB sediment (3449 mu g/g lead) supplemented diets at 12%, 24%, or 48%. The 12% CDARB diet resulted in a geometric mean blood lead concentration of 0.68 ppm (ww), with over 90% depression of red blood cell ALAD activity and over fourfold elevation of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration. The 24% CDARB diet resulted in blood lead of 1.61 ppm with decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and plasma protein in addition to the effects just described. The 48% CDARB diet resulted in blood lead of 2.52 ppm with 22% mortality, decreased growth, and elevated plasma lactate dehydrogenase-L (LDH-L) activity. In this group the liver lead concentration was 6.57 ppm (ww), with twofold increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) and in reduced glutathione concentration; associated effects included elevated glutathione reductase activity but lower protein-bound thiols concentration and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activity. The kidney lead concentration in this group was 14.93 ppm with subacute renal tubular nephrosis in one of the surviving goslings. Three other geese in this treatment group exhibited calcified areas of marrow, and one of these displayed severe chronic fibrosing pancreatitis. Lead from CDARB sediment accumulated less readily in gosling blood and tissues than reported in ducklings but at given concentrations was generally more toxic to goslings. Many of these effects were similar to those reported in wild geese and mallards within the Coeur d'Alene River Basin. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA USA. RP Hoffman, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 60 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD FEB 25 PY 2000 VL 59 IS 4 BP 235 EP 252 DI 10.1080/009841000156916 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 285UN UT WOS:000085406700003 PM 10706032 ER PT J AU Martin, TE Martin, PR Olson, CR Heidinger, BJ Fontaine, JJ AF Martin, TE Martin, PR Olson, CR Heidinger, BJ Fontaine, JJ TI Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NEST PREDATION; BREEDING BIOLOGY; PASSERINE BIRDS; SUCCESS; HYPOTHESIS; BEHAVIOR AB The evolutionary causes of small clutch sizes in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions are poorly understood. Alexander Skutch proposed 50 years ago that higher nest predation in the south constrains the rate at which parent birds can deliver food to young and thereby constrains clutch size by Limiting the number of young that parents can feed. This hypothesis for explaining differences in clutch size and parental behaviors between latitudes has remained untested. Here, a detailed study of bird species in Arizona and Argentina shows that Skutch's hypothesis explains clutch size variation within North and South America. However, neither Skutch's hypothesis nor two major alternatives explain differences between latitudes. C1 Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Avian Studies Program, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Martin, TE (reprint author), Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Fontaine, Joseph/F-6557-2010 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; Fontaine, Joseph/0000-0002-7639-9156 NR 49 TC 263 Z9 272 U1 5 U2 88 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 5457 BP 1482 EP 1485 DI 10.1126/science.287.5457.1482 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 287WZ UT WOS:000085531600050 PM 10688796 ER PT J AU Silva, SR Kendall, C Wilkison, DH Ziegler, AC Chang, CCY Avanzino, RJ AF Silva, SR Kendall, C Wilkison, DH Ziegler, AC Chang, CCY Avanzino, RJ TI A new method for collection of nitrate from fresh water and the analysis of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrates; stable isotopes; ion exchange; geochemical methods ID NATURAL ABUNDANCE-LEVEL; N-15; DIFFUSION; AMMONIUM; ORIGIN AB A new method for concentrating nitrate from fresh waters for delta(15)N and delta(18)O analysis has been developed and held-tested for four years. The benefits of the method are: (1) elimination of the need to transport large volumes of water to the laboratory for processing; (2) elimination of the need for hazardous preservatives; and (3) the ability to concentrate nitrate from fresh waters. Nitrate is collected by, passing the water-sample through pre-filled, disposable, anion exchanging resin columns in the field. The columns are subsequently transported to the laboratory where the: nitrate is extracted, converted to AgNO3 and analyzed for its isotope composition. Nitrate is eluted from the anion exchange columns with 15 mi of 3 M HCl. The nitrate-bearing acid eluant is neutralized with Ag2O filtered to remove the AgCl precipitate, then freeze-dried to obtain solid AgNO3, which is then combusted to N-2 in sealed quartz tubes for delta(15)N analysis. For delta(18)O analysis, aliquots of the neutralized eluant are processed further to remove non-nitrate oxygen-bearing anions and dissolved organic matter. Barium chloride is added to precipitate sulfate and phosphate; the solution is then filtered, passed through a cation exchange column to remove excess Ba2+, re-neutralized with Ag2O, filtered, agitated with activated carbon to remove dissolved organic matter and freeze-dried. The resulting AgNO3 is combusted with graphite in a closed tube to produce Co, which is cryogenically purified and analyzed for its oxygen isotope composition. The 1 sigma analytical precisions for delta(15)N and delta(18)O are +/-0.05 parts per thousand and +/-0.5 parts per thousand, respectively, for solutions of KNO3 standard processed through the entire column procedure. High concentrations of anions in solution can interfere with nitrate adsorption on the anion exchange resins, which may result in isotope fractionation of nitrogen and oxygen (fractionation experiments were conducted fur nitrogen only; however, fractionation for oxygen is expected). Chloride, sulfate, and potassium biphthalate, an organic acid proxy for dissolved organic material, added to KNO3 standard solutions caused no significant nitrogen fractionation for chloride concentrations below about 200 mg/l (5.6 meq/l) for 1000 ml samples, sulfate concentrations up to 2000 mg/l (41.7 meq/l) in 100 mi samples, and Potassium biphthalate for concentrations up to 200 mg/l carbon in 100 mi samples. Samples archived on the columns for up to two years show minimal nitrogen isotope fractionation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Independence, MO 64050 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. RP Silva, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 26 TC 298 Z9 355 U1 9 U2 94 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 21 PY 2000 VL 228 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00205-X PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 295YM UT WOS:000085996300003 ER PT J AU Alexander, RB Smith, RA Schwarz, GE AF Alexander, RB Smith, RA Schwarz, GE TI Effect of stream channel size on the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; WATER-QUALITY; FRESH-WATER; DENITRIFICATION; RESPONSES; EXCHANGE; BUDGET; SYSTEM AB An increase in the flux of nitrogen from the Mississippi river during the latter half of the twentieth century has caused eutrophication and chronic seasonal hypoxia in the shallow waters of the Louisiana shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico(1-5). This has led to reductions in species diversity, mortality of benthic communities and stress in fishery resources(4). There is evidence for a predominantly anthropogenic origin of the increased nitrogen flux(2,5-7), hut the location of the most significant sources in the Mississippi basin responsible for the delivery of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico have not been clearly identified, because the parameters influencing nitrogen-loss rates in rivers are not well known. Here we present an analysis of data from 374 US monitoring stations, including 123 along the six largest tributaries to the Mississippi, that shows a rapid decline in the average first-order rate of nitrogen loss with channel size-from 0.45 day(-1) in small streams to 0.005 day(-1) in the Mississippi river. Using stream depth as an explanatory variable, our estimates of nitrogen-loss rates agreed with values from earlier studies. We conclude that the proximity of sources to large streams and rivers is an important determinant of nitrogen delivery to the estuary in the Mississippi basin, and possibly also in other large river basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA USA. RP Alexander, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA USA. EM ralex@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 650 Z9 692 U1 33 U2 217 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 17 PY 2000 VL 403 IS 6771 BP 758 EP 761 DI 10.1038/35001562 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 286BE UT WOS:000085423100049 ER PT J AU Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Barcelo, D AF Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Barcelo, D TI First LC/MS determination of cyanazine amide, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine in groundwater samples SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; PESTICIDES; SOIL; METABOLITES; WATER AB Cyanazine and two of its major metabolites, cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid, were measured at trace levels in groundwater using liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (LC/APCI/MS). Solid-phase extraction was carried out by passing 20 mt of groundwater sample through a cartridge containing a polymeric phase (PLRP-s), with recoveries ranging from 99 to 108% (n = 5). Using LC/MS detection in positive ion mode, useful structural information was obtained by increasing the fragmentor voltage, thus permitting the unequivocal identification of these compounds in groundwater samples with low sample volumes. The fragmentation of the amide, carboxylic acid, and cyano group was observed for both metabolites and cyanazine, respectively, leading to a diagnostic ion at mit 214. Method detection limits were in the range of 0.002-0.005 mu g/L for the three compounds. Finally, the newly developed method was evaluated for the analysis of groundwater samples from New York containing the compounds under study and presents evidence that the metabolites, cyanazine acid, and cyanazine amide may leach to groundwater and serve as sources for deisopropylatrazine. The combination of on-line SPE and LC/APCI/MS represents an important advance in environmental analysis of herbicide metabolites in groundwater since it demonstrates that trace amounts of polar metabolites may be determined rapidly. Furthermore, the presence of both cyanazine amide and cyanazine acid indicate that another degradation product, deisopropylatrazine, may be occurring at depth because of the subsequent degradation of cyanazine. C1 CSIC, IIQAB, Dept Environm Chem, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Barcelo, D (reprint author), CSIC, IIQAB, Dept Environm Chem, C Jordi Girona 18-26, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 4 BP 714 EP 718 DI 10.1021/es990462g PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284UY UT WOS:000085352300028 ER PT J AU Costa, JE Spicer, KR Cheng, RT Haeni, PF Melcher, NB Thurman, EM Plant, WJ Keller, WC AF Costa, JE Spicer, KR Cheng, RT Haeni, PF Melcher, NB Thurman, EM Plant, WJ Keller, WC TI Measuring stream discharge by non-contact methods: A proof-of-concept experiment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This report describes an experiment to make a completely non-contact open-channel discharge measurement. A van-mounted, pulsed doppler (10GHz) radar collected surface-velocity data across the 183-m wide Skagit River, Washington at a USGS streamgaging station using Bragg scattering from short waves produced by turbulent boils on the surface of the river. Surface velocities were converted to mean velocities for 25 sub-sections by assuming a normal open-channel velocity profile (surface velocity times 0.85). Channel cross-sectional area was measured using a 100 MHz ground-penetrating radar antenna suspended from a cableway car over the river. Seven acoustic doppler current profiler discharge measurements and a conventional current-meter discharge :measurement were also made. Three non-contact discharge measurements completed in about a 1-hour period were within 1 % of the gaging station rating curve discharge values. With further refinements, it is thought that open-channel flow can be measured reliably by non-contact methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Costa, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 415, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 9 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1029/1999GL006087 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 284QN UT WOS:000085343600028 ER PT J AU Casulli, V Walters, RA AF Casulli, V Walters, RA TI An unstructured grid, three-dimensional model based on the shallow water equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE finite difference; finite volume; semi-implicit; shallow water; three-dimensional; unstructured grid ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHODS; SEMIIMPLICIT METHOD; ACCURACY; FLOW AB A semi-implicit finite difference model based on the three-dimensional shallow water equations is modified to use unstructured grids. There are obvious advantages in using unstructured grids in problems with a complicated geometry. In this development, the concept of unstructured orthogonal grids is introduced and applied to this model. The governing differential equations are discretized by means of a semi-implicit algorithm that is robust, stable and very efficient. The resulting model is relatively simple, conserves mass, can fit complicated boundaries and yet is sufficiently flexible to permit local mesh refinements in areas of interest. Moreover, the simulation of the flooding and drying is included in a natural and straightforward manner. These features are illustrated by a test case for studies of convergence rates and by examples of flooding on a river plain and flow in a shallow estuary. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Trent, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-38050 Trent, Italy. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Casulli, V (reprint author), Univ Trent, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, I-38050 Trent, Italy. RI casulli, vincenzo/A-8507-2013; OI Casulli, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2398-9339 NR 20 TC 156 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 331 EP 348 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(20000215)32:3<331::AID-FLD941>3.0.CO;2-C PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 279NH UT WOS:000085050700004 ER PT J AU Allison, MA Lee, MT Ogston, AS Aller, RC AF Allison, MA Lee, MT Ogston, AS Aller, RC TI Origin of Amazon mudbanks along the northeastern coast of South America SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amazon River; sediment transport; South America; mangrove; Brazil ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; RIVER PLUME; MUD; PB-210; FLUID; ENVIRONMENTS; VARIABILITY; SHOREFACE; DYNAMICS AB Seismic profiles, sediment cores, and water column measurements were collected along the northeastern coast of Brazil to examine the origin of mudbanks in the Amazon coastal mud belt. These 10-60-km-long, shore-attached features previously had been observed to migrate along the 1200 km coast of the Guianas in response to wave forcing. CHIRP (3.5 kHz) seismic profiles of the shoreface and inner shelf located two mudbanks updrift of the previous eastern limit in French Guiana. Pb-210 geochronology shows that these two banks are migrating to the northwest over a relict mud surface in 5-20 m water depth. The mudbanks are 3-4 m thick and are translating over a modern shoreface mud wedge deposited by previous mudbank passage in < 5 m water depth. Initial mudbank development is taking place on the intertidal and shallow subtidal mudflats at Cabo Cassipore, associated with an alongshore-accreting clinoform feature. Sediment trapping in this area is controlled by the nearshore presence of strong water column stratification produced by the enormous Amazon freshwater discharge on the shelf and by proximity to the Cassipore River estuary. Seasonal and decadal periods of sediment supply and starvation in this area likely are controlled by variations in northwest trade wind intensity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Geol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk Field Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Allison, MA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Geol, Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RI Allison, Mead/A-7208-2010 NR 39 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD FEB 15 PY 2000 VL 163 IS 1-4 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00120-6 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 296BX UT WOS:000086004100014 ER PT J AU Garces, MA McNutt, SR Hansen, RA Eichelberger, JC AF Garces, MA McNutt, SR Hansen, RA Eichelberger, JC TI Application of wave-theoretical seismoacoustic models to the interpretation of explosion and eruption tremor signals radiated by Pavlof volcano, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; CONDUIT; FLOW; GAS AB Tremor and explosion signals recorded on September 29 during the Fall 1996 Pavlof eruption are interpreted using video images, field observations, and seismic data. Waveform analysis of tremor and explosions provided estimates of the melt's volcano-acoustic parameters and the magma conduit dimensions. Initial mass fractions of 0.25% water and 0.025% carbon dioxide in the melt can explain the resonance characteristics of the tremor and explosion pulses inferred from seismic data. The magma conduit is modeled as a three-section rectangular crack. We infer that the tremor-radiating region consists of the lowermost two sections, both with cross-sectional areas of similar to 10 m(2). The deeper section is 43 m long, with magma sound speed of 230 m/s, density of 2600 kg/m(3), and viscosity of 1.0x10(6) Pa s. The section above it, defined by the water nucleation depth, is 64 m long with magma sound speed of 91 m/s, density of 2000 kg/m(3), and viscosity of 1.4x10(6) Pa s. An average magma flow velocity of 1.2 m/s, with superposed random oscillations, acts as:the tremor source, Explosions are postulated to occur in the uppermost part of the magma conduit after water comes out of solution. The explosion source region consists of a 15 m long,section, with cross-sectional area of 20 m(2), sound speed of 51 m/s, density of 1000 kg/m(3), and viscosity of 1.5x10(3) Pa s. A burst pressure of 220 MPa at 14 m depth would generate an acoustic pulse whose amplitude and character match the observed signal. Waveform analysis of the explosion pulses shows that the explosive event may be preceded by a long-period fluid transient: which may trigger the metastable magma-gas mixture. The modeling procedure illustrates the synergy of fluid dynamic, seismic, and acoustic models and data with geological and visual observations. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Infrasound Lab, Kailua Kona, HI 96745 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Garces, MA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Infrasound Lab, POB 1599, Kailua Kona, HI 96745 USA. EM milton@giseis.alaska.edu RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 2000 VL 105 IS B2 BP 3039 EP 3058 DI 10.1029/1999JB900096 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282GC UT WOS:000085208800024 ER PT J AU Savage, JC Svarc, JL Prescott, WH Murray, MH AF Savage, JC Svarc, JL Prescott, WH Murray, MH TI Deformation across the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone at Cape Blanco, Oregon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DISLOCATION MODEL; UNITED-STATES; GEODETIC DATA; PLATE; ROTATION; MOTION; MARGIN; TIME AB Over the interval 1992-1999 the U.S. Geological Survey measured the deformation of a geodetic array extending N80 degrees E (approximate direction of plate convergence) from Cape Blanco on the Oregon coast to the volcanic are near Newberry Crater (55 and 350 km, respectively, from the deformation front). Within about 150 km from the deformation front, the forearc is being compressed arcward (N80 degrees E) by coupling to the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. Dislocation modeling of the observed N80 degrees E compression suggests that the main thrust zone (the locked portion of the Juan dr Fuca-forearc interface) is about 40 km wide in the downdip direction. The transverse (N10 degrees W) velocity component of the forearc measured with respect to the fixed interior of North America decreases with distance from the deformation front at a rate of about 0.03 mm yr(-1) km(-1). That gradient appears to be a consequence of rigid rotation of the forearc block relative to fixed interior North America (Euler vector of 43.4 degrees+/-0.1 degrees N, 120.0 degrees+/-0.4 degrees W, and -1.67+/-0.17 degrees(m.y.)(-1); quoted uncertainties are standard deviations). The rotation rate is similar to the paleomagnetically measured rotation rate (-1.0+/-0.2 degrees(m.y.)(-1)) of the 15 Ma lava flows along the Columbia River 250 km farther north. The back are does not appear to participate in this rotation but rather is migrating at a rate of about 3.6 mm yr(-1) northward with respect to fixed North America. That migration could be partly an artifact of an imperfect tie of our reference coordinate system to the interior of North America. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Savage, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM jsavage@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; jsvarc@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; wprescott@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; mmurray@cotopaxi.stanford.edu NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 10 PY 2000 VL 105 IS B2 BP 3095 EP 3102 DI 10.1029/1999JB900392 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282GC UT WOS:000085208800028 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP Chiriboga, E Coleman, J Waller, DM AF Bennett, JP Chiriboga, E Coleman, J Waller, DM TI Heavy metals in wild rice from northern Wisconsin SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE wild rice; heavy metals; Wisconsin; arsenic; partitioning ID PLANTS; MERCURY; SOIL AB Wild rice grain samples from various parts of the world have been found to have elevated concentrations of heavy metals, raising concern for potential effects on human health. It was hypothesized that wild rice from north-central Wisconsin could potentially have elevated concentrations of some heavy metals because of possible exposure to these elements from the atmosphere or from water and sediments. In addition, no studies of heavy metals in wild rice from Wisconsin had been performed, and a baseline study was needed for future comparisons. Wild rice plants were collected from four areas in Bayfield, Forest, Langlade, Oneida, Sawyer and Wood Counties in September, 1997 and 1998 and divided into four plant parts for elemental analyses: roots, stems, leaves and seeds. A total of 194 samples from 51 plants were analyzed across the localities, with an average of 49 samples per part depending on the element. Samples were cleaned of soil, wet digested, and analyzed by ICP for Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mg, Pb, Se and Zn. Roots contained the highest concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se. Copper was highest in both roots and seeds, while Zn was highest just in seeds. Magnesium was highest in leaves. Seed baseline ranges for the 10 elements were established using the 95% confidence intervals of the medians. Wild rice plants from northern Wisconsin had normal levels of the nutritional elements Cu, Mg and Zn in the seeds. Silver, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Se were very low in concentration or within normal limits for food plants. Arsenic and Pb, however, were elevated and could pose a problem for human health. The pathway for As, Hg and Pb to the plants could be atmospheric. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commiss, LICGF, Cooperat Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 504 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 10 PY 2000 VL 246 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00464-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284FL UT WOS:000085320200012 PM 10696727 ER PT J AU Papoulias, DM Noltie, DB Tillitt, DE AF Papoulias, DM Noltie, DB Tillitt, DE TI An in vivo model fish system to test chemical effects on sexual differentiation and development: exposure to ethinyl estradiol SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethinyl estradiol; endocrine disrupters; sex-reversal; sexual differentiation; sexual development ID VERTEBRATES; TELEOSTS AB A model system was characterized which may be used as an in vivo screen for effects of chemicals or environmental mixtures on sexual differentiation and development of reproductive organs and gametes, We evaluated the effects of a model environmental estrogen, ethinyl estradiol (EE,), on the d-rR strain of medaka, Oryzias latipes, using a nana-injection exposure. Gonad histopathology indicated that a-single injection of 0.5-2.5 ng EE(2)/egg can cause phenotypic sex-reversal of genetic males to females. Sex-reversals could be detected as early as 7 days post-hatch, Sex-reversed males had female-typical duct development and the secondary:sex characteristics we measured were generally consistent with phenotype, with the exception of a few EE(2)-exposed XX and XY females which possessed ambiguous anal fins. Using discriminant analysis, we determined that the presence or absence of the secondary sex characteristic, a dorsal fin notch, was a very reliable indicator of gonadal sex. No instances of gonadal intersexes were observed, Ethinyl estradiol also appeared to reduce growth but not condition (weight-at-length) and exposed XX females appeared to have a higher incidence of atretic follicles relative to controls. Our results suggest that estrogenic chemicals may influence sexual differentiation and development:and that the medaka model is well suited to assessing these effects. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM diana_papoulias@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00026-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 272FX UT WOS:000084640800004 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Fountain, AG Dyurgerov, M AF McCabe, GJ Fountain, AG Dyurgerov, M TI Variability in winter mass balance of Northern Hemisphere glaciers and relations with atmospheric circulation SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONTHLY MEAN CIRCULATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MONTHLY PRECIPITATION; STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES; USA; SPECIFICATION; OSCILLATION AB An analysis of variability in the winter mass balance (WMB) of 22 glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere indicates two primary modes of variability that explain 46% of the variability among all glaciers. The first mode of variability characterizes WMB variability in Northern and Central Europe and the second mode primarily represents WMB variability in northwestern North America, but also is related to variability in WMB of one glacier in Europe and one in Central Asia. These two modes of WMB variability are explained by variations in mesoscale atmospheric circulation which art: driving forces of variations in surface temperature and precipitation. The first mode is highly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation Index, whereas the second mode is highly correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index. In addition, the second mode of WMB variability is highly correlated with variability in global winter temperatures. This result suggests some connection between global temperature trends and WMB for some glaciers. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geog, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.2307/1552411 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 293PH UT WOS:000085861000008 ER PT J AU McHale, MR Mitchell, MJ McDonnell, JJ Cirmo, CP AF McHale, MR Mitchell, MJ McDonnell, JJ Cirmo, CP TI Nitrogen solutes in an Adirondack forested watershed: Importance of dissolved organic nitrogen SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Adirondack Mountains; total organic nitrogen; hydrology; nitrogen retention; nitrogen saturation; watershed ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; HUNTINGTON FOREST; DECIDUOUS STANDS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SMALL STREAMS AB Nitrogen (N) dynamics were evaluated from 1 June 1995 through 31 May 1996 within the Arbutus Lake watershed in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA. At the Arbutus Lake outlet dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO3- and NH4+ contributed 61%, 33%, and 6% respectively, to the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) flux (259 mol ha(-1) yr(-1)). At the lake inlet DON, NO3- and NH4+ constituted 36%, 61%, and 3% respectively, of TDN flux (349 mol ha(-1) yr(-1)). Differences between the factors that control DON, NO3-, and NH4+ stream water concentrations were evaluated using two methods for estimating annual N flux at the lake inlet. Using biweekly sampling NO3- and NH4+ flux was 10 and 4 mol ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively, less than flux estimates using biweekly plus storm and snowmelt sampling. DON flux was 18 mol ha(-1) yr(-1) greater using only biweekly sampling. These differences are probably not of ecological significance relative to the total flux of N from the watershed (349 mol ha(-1) yr(-1)). Dissolved organic N concentrations were positively related to discharge during both the dormant (R-2 = 0.31; P < 0.01) and growing season (R-2 = 0.09; P < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between NO3- concentration and discharge during the dormant season, but a significant negative relationship was found during the growing season (R-2 = 0.29; P < 0.01). Biotic controls in the growing season appeared to have had a larger impact on stream water NO3- concentrations than on DON concentrations. Arbutus Lake had a major impact on stream water N concentrations of the four landscape positions sampled, suggesting the need to quantify within lake processes to interpret N solute losses and patterns in watershed-lake systems. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Environm & Forest Biol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Geol, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP McHale, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013 NR 47 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD FEB PY 2000 VL 48 IS 2 BP 165 EP 184 DI 10.1023/A:1006121828108 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 269DN UT WOS:000084461300001 ER PT J AU Plissner, JH Haig, SM AF Plissner, JH Haig, SM TI Viability of piping plover Charadrius melodus metapopulations SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE metapopulation; population viability analysis; piping plover; Charadrius melodus; VORTEX ID SIMULATION-MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; GREAT-PLAINS; POPULATION; CONSERVATION AB The metapopulation viability analysis package, VORTEX, was used to examine viability and recovery objectives for piping plovers Charadrius melodus, an endangered shorebird that breeds in three distinct regions of North America. Baseline models indicate that while Atlantic Coast populations, under current management practices, are at little risk of near-term extinction, Great Plains and Great Lakes populations require 36% higher mean fecundity for a significant probability of persisting for the next 100 years. Metapopulation structure (i.e. the delineation of populations within the metapopulation) and interpopulation dispersal rates had varying effects on model results; however, spatially-structured metapopulations exhibited lower viability than that reported for single-population models. The models were most sensitive to variation in survivorship; hence, additional mortality data will improve their accuracy. With this information, such models become useful tools in identifying successful management objectives; and sensitivity analyses, even in the absence of some data, may indicate which options are likely to be most effective. Metapopulation viability models are best suited for developing conservation strategies for achieving recovery objectives based on maintaining an externally derived, target population size and structure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM haigs@fsl.orst.edu NR 36 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00050-6 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276DC UT WOS:000084859500003 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Lasier, PJ Miller, WP Winger, PW AF Jackson, BP Lasier, PJ Miller, WP Winger, PW TI Effects of calcium, magnesium, and sodium on alleviating cadmium toxicity to Hyalella azteca SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CENTRAL ONTARIO LAKES; WATER HARDNESS; RAINBOW-TROUT; SALINITY; AMPHIPODA; COPPER; PH; ALKALINITY; CRUSTACEA C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 278MU UT WOS:000084994200018 PM 10656896 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH Petersen, MD Cao, TQ Toppozada, TR Reichle, M AF Cramer, CH Petersen, MD Cao, TQ Toppozada, TR Reichle, M TI A time-dependent probabilistic seismic-hazard model for California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EARTHQUAKE; UNCERTAINTY; RUPTURE AB For the purpose of sensitivity testing and illuminating nonconsensus components of time-dependent models, the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology (CDMG) has assembled a time-dependent version of its statewide probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) model for California. The model incorporates available consensus information from within the earth-science community, except for a few faults or fault segments where consensus information is not available. For these latter faults, published information has been incorporated into the model. As in the 1996 CDMG/U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) model, the time-dependent models incorporate three multisegment ruptures: a 1906, an 1857, and a southern San Andreas earthquake. Sensitivity:tests are presented to show the effect on hazard and expected damage estimates of (1) intrinsic (aleatory) sigma, (2) multisegment (cascade) vs. independent segment (no cascade) ruptures, and (3) time-dependence vs, time-independence. Results indicate that (1) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between time-dependent and independent models increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma, (2) differences in hazard and expected damage estimates between full cascading and not cascading are insensitive to intrinsic sigma, (3) differences in hazard increase with increasing return period (decreasing probability of occurrence), and (4) differences;in moment-rate budgets increase with decreasing intrinsic sigma and with the degree of cascading, but are within the expected uncertainty in PSH time-dependent modeling and do not always significantly affect hazard and expected damage estimates. C1 Calif Dept Conservat, Div Mines & Geol, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1785/0119980087 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 293NU UT WOS:000085859700001 ER PT J AU Nelson, AR Personius, SF Rimando, RE Punongbayan, RS Tungol, N Mirabueno, H Rasdas, A AF Nelson, AR Personius, SF Rimando, RE Punongbayan, RS Tungol, N Mirabueno, H Rasdas, A TI Multiple large earthquakes in the past 1500 years on a fault in metropolitan Manila, the Philippines SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HOLOCENE SLIP RATE; PALEOSEISMOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; LUZON; ARC AB The first C-14-based paleoseismic study of an active fault in the Philippines shows that a right-lateral fault on the northeast edge of metropolitan Manila poses a greater seismic hazard than previously thought. Faulted hillslope colluvium, stream-channel alluvium, and debris-flow deposits exposed in trenches across the northern part of the west Marikina Valley fault record two or three surface-faulting events. Three eroded, clay-rich soil B horizons suggest thousands of years between surface faulting events, whereas C-14 ages on detrital charcoal constrain the entire stratigraphic sequence to the past 1300-1700 years. We rely on the C-14 ages to infer faulting recurrence of hundreds rather than thousands of years. Minimal soil development and modern C-14 ages from colluvium overlying a faulted debris-flow deposit in a nearby stream exposure point to a historic age for a probable third or fourth (most recent) faulting event. C1 US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Philippine Inst Volcanol & Seismol, Quezon, Philippines. RP Nelson, AR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Team, MS 966,POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1785/0119990002 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 293NU UT WOS:000085859700006 ER PT J AU Guatteri, M Spudich, P AF Guatteri, M Spudich, P TI What can strong-motion data tell us about slip-weakening fault-friction laws? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 1979 IMPERIAL-VALLEY; DYNAMIC RUPTURE PROCESS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION METHOD; 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; STRONG GROUND MOTION; KOBE EARTHQUAKE; NEAR-FIELD; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; ABSOLUTE STRESS AB We consider the resolution of parameters, such as strength excess, sigma(y)-sigma(o), and slip-weakening distance, d(c), related to fault-constitutive properties, that may be obtained from the analysis of strong-ground motions. We show that wave;form inversion of a synthetic strong-motion-data set from a hypothetical M 6.5 event resembling the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake cannot uniquely resolve both strength excess and d(c). Specifically, we use a new inversion method to find two rupture models, model A having d(c) = 0.3 m and high-strength excess, and model B having d(c) = 1 m and low-strength excess. Both models have uniform initial stress and the same moment-rate function and rupture time distribution, and they produce essentially indistinguishable ground-motion waveforms in the 0-1.6 Hz frequency band. These models are indistinguishable because there is a trade-off between strength excess and slip-weakening distance in controlling rupture velocity. However, fracture energy might be relatively stably estimated from waveform inversions. Our Models A and B had very similar fracture energies. If the stress drop is fixed by the slip distribution, the rupture velocity is controlled by fracture energy. We show that estimates of slip-weakening distance inferred from kinematic in version models of earthquakes are likely to be biased high due to the effects of spatial and temporal-smoothing constraints applied in such inverse-problem formulations. Regions of high-strength excess are often used to slow or stop rupture in models of observed earthquakes, but our results indicate that regions of long d(c) and lower strength excess might alternatively explain the slowing of rupture. One way to con strain d(c) would be to model ground-motion spectra at frequencies higher than those at which waveform modeling is possible. A second way to discriminate between regions of long d(c) and large-strength excess might be to assume that d(c) is long where there are no aftershocks. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Guatteri, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 68 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 98 EP 116 DI 10.1785/0119990053 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 293NU UT WOS:000085859700008 ER PT J AU Colman, SM Rosenbaum, JG Reynolds, RL Andrei, M Sarna-Wojcicki, A AF Colman, SM Rosenbaum, JG Reynolds, RL Andrei, M Sarna-Wojcicki, A TI Post-Mazama (7 KA) faulting beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE; FALLS AB High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles (3.5 kHz) show that a distinctive, widespread reflection occurs in the sediments beneath Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Goring reveals that this reflection is formed by Mazama tephra (MT), about 7 ka in age. The MT horizon is faulted in many places and locally displaced by as much as 3.1 m. Differential displacement of multiple horizons indicates recurrent fault movement, perhaps three episodes since deposition of the Mazama, The pattern of faulting indicates northeast-southwest extension beneath the lake basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1785/0119990033 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 293NU UT WOS:000085859700017 ER PT J AU Sipkin, SA AF Sipkin, SA TI The use of waveform shapes to automatically determine earthquake focal depth SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOURCE PARAMETERS; TRAVEL-TIMES; INVERSION AB Earthquake focal depth is an important parameter for rapidly determining probable damage caused by a large earthquake. In addition, it is significant both for discriminating between natural events and explosions and for discriminating between tsunamigenic and nontsunamigenic earthquakes. For the purpose of notifying emergency management and disaster relief organizations as well as issuing tsunami warnings, potential time delays in determining source parameters are particularly detrimental. We present a method for determining earthquake focal depth that is well suited for implementation in an automated system that utilizes the wealth of broadband teleseismic data that is now available in real time from the global seismograph networks. This method uses waveform shapes to determine focal depth and is demonstrated to be valid for events with magnitudes as low as approximately 5.5. C1 US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM sipkin@usgs.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 90 IS 1 BP 248 EP 254 DI 10.1785/0119990069 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 293NU UT WOS:000085859700018 ER PT J AU Stauffer, JC Goldstein, RM Newman, RM AF Stauffer, JC Goldstein, RM Newman, RM TI Relationship of wooded riparian zones and runoff potential to fish community composition in agricultural streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; LAND-USE; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES; WATER-QUALITY; HABITAT; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The relationship of fish community composition to riparian cover and runoff potential was investigated in 20 streams in the agricultural Minnesota River Basin during the summer of 1997. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences in fish community composition due to both riparian cover (wooded versus open) and runoff potential (high or low). Streams with wooded riparian zones had higher index of biological integrity (IBI) scores, species richness, diversity, and percentages of benthic insectivores and herbivores than streams with open riparian zones. Streams with low runoff potential had higher IBI scores and species richness than streams with high runoff potential. The riparian cover and runoff potential interaction was marginally significant with respect to IBI scores and species richness, suggesting a weak interaction between the two factors. Although both factors were important, riparian cover influenced fish community composition more than runoff potential in these streams, indicating that local factors (close to the stream) dominated landscape- or basin-level factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Goldstein, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 2280 Woodale Dr, Mounds View, MN 55112 USA. NR 34 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 57 IS 2 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-2-307 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 284GP UT WOS:000085323600005 ER PT J AU Cain, DJ Carter, JL Fend, SV Luoma, SN Alpers, CN Taylor, HE AF Cain, DJ Carter, JL Fend, SV Luoma, SN Alpers, CN Taylor, HE TI Metal exposure in a benthic macroinvertebrate, Hydropsyche californica, related to mine drainage in the Sacramento River SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; AQUATIC INSECTS; BROWN TROUT; FOOD-CHAINS; CADMIUM; ZINC; COPPER; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIOACCUMULATION; DETOXIFICATION AB A biomonitoring technique was employed to complement studies of metal transport in the upper Sacramento River affected by acid mine drainage. Metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were determined in a resident invertebrate, Hydropsyche californica (Insecta: Trichoptera), and streambed sediments (< 62 mu m) to assess metal contamination within a 111-km section of the river downstream of the mining area. Metals in H. californica also were interpreted to be broadly indicative of metal exposure in fish. Total Hg was determined in the whole body of the insect, whereas Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were additionally separated into operationally defined cytosolic (used as an indicator of exposure to bioavailable metal) and particulate fractions. Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in sediments were consistent with documented upstream sources of acid mine drainage. Metal distribution patterns in H. californica and sediments were generally consistent for Cd, Cu, and Pb but inconsistent for Hg and Zn. Concentrations in H. californica indicated that bioavailable Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn was transported at least 120 km downstream of the mine sources. Zinc in H. californica was elevated, but unlike sediments, did not decrease downstream. Mercury in H. californica was not elevated. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Cain, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365; Cain, Daniel/0000-0002-3443-0493 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 57 IS 2 BP 380 EP 390 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-2-380 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 284GP UT WOS:000085323600013 ER PT J AU Isaak, DJ Hubert, WA AF Isaak, DJ Hubert, WA TI Are trout populations affected by reach-scale stream slope? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; HABITAT UTILIZATION; PHYSICAL HABITAT; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; NORTHERN IDAHO; SALMO-TRUTTA; GRADIENT; CLASSIFICATION AB Reach-scale stream slope and the structure of associated physical habitats are thought to affect trout populations, yet previous studies confound the effect of stream slope with other factors that influence trout populations. We isolated the effect of stream slope on trout populations by sampling reaches immediately upstream and downstream of 23 marked changes in stream slope on 18 streams across Wyoming and Idaho. No effect of stream slope on areal trout density was observed, but when trout density was expressed volumetrically to control for differences in channel cross sections among reaches in different slope classes, the highest densities of trout occurred in medium-slope reaches, intermediate densities occurred in high-slope reaches, and the lowest densities occurred in low-slope reaches. The relative abundance of large trout was reciprocal to the pattern in volumetric trout density. Trout biomass and species composition were not affected by stream slope. Our results suggest that an assumption made by many fish-habitat models, that populations are affected by the structure of physical habitats, is at times untenable for trout populations in Rocky Mountain streams and is contingent upon the spatial scale of investigation and the population metric(s) used to describe populations. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Isaak, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM dano@uwyo.edu RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 57 IS 2 BP 468 EP 477 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-2-468 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 284GP UT WOS:000085323600021 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Gee, GF Hereford, SG Olsen, GH Chisolm, TD Nicolich, JM Sullivan, KA Thomas, NJ Nagendran, M Hatfield, JS AF Ellis, DH Gee, GF Hereford, SG Olsen, GH Chisolm, TD Nicolich, JM Sullivan, KA Thomas, NJ Nagendran, M Hatfield, JS TI Post-release survival of hand-reared and parent-reared Mississippi Sandhill Cranes SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Grus canadensis; reintroduction techniques; Sandhill Crane ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EXPOSURE AB The Mississippi Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis pulla) reintroduction program is the largest crane reintroduction effort in the world. Here we report on a 4-year experiment in which we compared post-release survival rates of 56 hand-reared and 76 parent-reared Mississippi Sandhill Cranes. First-year survival was 80%. Surprisingly, hand-reared cranes survived better than parent-reared birds, and the highest survival rates were for hand-reared juveniles released in mixed cohorts with parent-reared birds. Mixing improved survival most for parent-reared birds released with hand-reared birds, These results demonstrate that hand-rearing can produce birds which survive at least as well as parent-reared birds and that improved survival results from mixing hand-reared and parent-reared birds. C1 USGA, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mississippi Sandhill Crane Natl Wildlife Refuge, Gautier, MS USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, SE Louisiana Refuges, Slidell, LA USA. Florida Game & Fresh Water Fish Commiss, Kissimmee, FL USA. USGA, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USGA, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), USGA, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12302 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0104:PRSOHR]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 282BE UT WOS:000085195300010 ER PT J AU Hatch, SA Meyers, PM Mulcahy, DM Douglas, DC AF Hatch, SA Meyers, PM Mulcahy, DM Douglas, DC TI Seasonal movements and pelagic habitat use of murres and puffins determined by satellite telemetry SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Common Murre; Fratercula cirrhata; satellite telemetry; Thick-billed Murre; Tufted Puffin; Uria aalge; Uria lomvia ID GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; THICK-BILLED MURRES; TRANSMITTERS; BEHAVIOR; ALASKA; DUCKS AB We tracked the movements of Common Murres (Uria aalge), Thick-billed Murres (U, lomvia), and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) using surgically implanted satellite transmitters. From 1994-1996, we tagged 53 birds from two colonies in the Gulf of Alaska (Middleton Island and Barren Islands) and two colonies in the Chukchi Sea (Cape Thompson and Cape Lisburne). Murres and puffins ranged 100 km or farther from all colonies in summer, but most instrumented birds had abandoned breeding attempts and their movements likely differed from those of actively breeding birds. However, murres whose movements in the breeding period suggested they still had chicks to feed foraged repeatedly at distances of 50-80 km from the Chukchi colonies in 1995. We detected no differences in the foraging patterns of males and females during the breeding season, nor between Thick-billed and Common Murres from mixed colonies. Upon chick departure from the northern colonies, male murres--some believed to be tending their flightless young--drifted with prevailing currents toward Siberia, whereas most females hew directly south toward the Bering Sea. Murres from Cape Thompson and Cape Lisburne shared a common wintering area in the southeastern Bering Sea in 1995, and birds from Cape Lisburne returned to the same area in the winter of 1996. We conclude that differences in foraging conditions during summer rather than differential mortality rates in winter account for contrasting population trends previously documented in those two colonies. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 20 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0145:SMAPHU]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 282BE UT WOS:000085195300014 ER PT J AU Pierson, BJ Pearce, JM Talbot, SL Shields, GF Scribner, KT AF Pierson, BJ Pearce, JM Talbot, SL Shields, GF Scribner, KT TI Molecular genetic status of Aleutian Canada Geese from Buldir and the Semidi Islands, Alaska SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Canada Geese; bottlenecks; Branta canadensis leucopareia; genetics; microsatellites; mtDNA ID BRANTA-CANADENSIS; DNA; SEQUENCES; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATIONS; SYSTEMATICS; DISTANCES AB We conducted genetic analyses of Aleutian Canada Geese (Branta canadensis leucopareia) from Buldir Island in the western Aleutians and the Semidi Islands in the eastern portion of their breeding range. We compared data from seven microsatellite DNA loci and 143 base pairs of the control region of mitochondrial DNA from the two populations of Aleutian Canada Geese and another small-bodied subspecies, the Cackling Canada Goose (B. c, minima) which nests in western Alaska. The widely separated island-nesting Aleutian geese were genetically more closely related to each other than to mainland-nesting small-bodied geese. The populations of Aleutian geese were genetically differentiated from one another in terms of mitochondrial DNA haplotype and microsatellite allele frequencies, suggesting limited contemporary gene flow and/or major shifts in gene frequency through genetic drift. The degree of population genetic differentiation suggests that Aleutian Canada Goose populations could be considered separate management units. There was some evidence of population bottlenecks, although we found no significant genetic evidence of nonrandom mating or inbreeding. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Pierson, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0172:MGSOAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 282BE UT WOS:000085195300017 ER PT J AU Suydam, RS Dickson, DL Fadely, JB Quakenbush, LT AF Suydam, RS Dickson, DL Fadely, JB Quakenbush, LT TI Population declines of King and Common Eiders of the Beaufort Sea SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Beaufort Sea; Common Eider; King Eider; mortality; population trend; Somateria mollissima v-nigra; Somateria spectabilis ID ALASKA AB King (Somateria spectabilis) and Common Elders (S mollissima v-nigra) wintering off western North America migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska and across the Beaufort Sea to nest in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada. Migration counts were conducted by various researchers at Point Barrow during 1953, 1970, 1976, 1987, 1994, and 1996. We examined population trends by standardizing the analysis of the migration counts in all years. Based on this standardized procedure, the King Elder population appeared to remain stable between 1953 and 1976 but declined by 56% (or 3.9% year(-1)) from approximately 802,556 birds in 1976 to about 350,835 in 1996. The Common Elder population declined by 53% (or 3.6% year(-1)) from approximately 156,081 birds in 1976 to about 72,606 in 1996. Reasons for the declines are unknown. C1 N Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. No Alaska Ecol Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Suydam, RS (reprint author), N Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Box 69, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. NR 18 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0219:PDOKAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 282BE UT WOS:000085195300027 ER PT J AU Chapman, CA Balcomb, SR Gillespie, TR Skorupa, JP Struhsaker, TT AF Chapman, CA Balcomb, SR Gillespie, TR Skorupa, JP Struhsaker, TT TI Long-term effects of logging on African primate communities: a 28-year comparison from Kibale National Park, Uganda SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; HABITAT DISTURBANCE; DENSITIES; POPULATION; TRANSECT; ECOLOGY; MONKEYS; REGENERATION; CONSERVATION; RESERVE AB If logging is to be compatible with primate conservation, primate populations must be expected to recover from the disturbance and eventually return to their former densities. Surveys conducted over 28 years were used to quantify the long-term effects of both low- and high-intensity selective logging on the density of the five common primates in Kibale National Park, Uganda. The most dramatic exception to the expectation that primate populations will recover following logging was that group densities of Cercopithecus mitis and C. ascanius in the heavily logged area continued to decline decades after logging. Procolobus tephrosceles populations were recovering in the heavily logged areas, but the rate of increase appeared to be slow (0.005 groups/km(2) per year). Colobus guereza appeared to do well in some disturbed habitats and were found at higher group densities in the logged areas than in the unlogged area. There was no evidence of an increase in Lophocebus albigena group density in the heavily logged area since the time of the logging, and there was a tendency for its population to be lower in heavily logged areas that in lightly logged areas. In contrast to the findings from the heavily logged area, none of the species were found at a lower group density in the lightly logged area than in the unlogged area, and group densities in this area were not changing at a statistically significant rate. The results of our study suggest that, in this region, low-intensity selective logging could be one component of conservation plans for primates; high-intensity logging, however, which is typical of most logging operations throughout Africa, is incompatible with primate conservation. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Contaminants, Sacramento, CA 95821 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol Anthropol & Anat, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Chapman, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gillespie, Thomas/A-5132-2010 NR 65 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 9 U2 55 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98592.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285AV UT WOS:000085366700026 ER PT J AU Miller, B Reading, R Hoogland, J Clark, T Ceballos, G List, R Forrest, S Hanebury, L Manzano, P Pacheco, J Uresk, D AF Miller, B Reading, R Hoogland, J Clark, T Ceballos, G List, R Forrest, S Hanebury, L Manzano, P Pacheco, J Uresk, D TI The role of prairie dogs as a keystone species: Response to Stapp SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; ECOLOGY C1 Denver Zool Fdn, Denver, CO 80205 USA. Univ Maryland, Frostville, MD 21532 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Billings, MT 59101 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Miller, B (reprint author), Denver Zool Fdn, 2300 Steele St, Denver, CO 80205 USA. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 318 EP 321 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99201.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285AV UT WOS:000085366700037 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Troutman, BM AF Moody, JA Troutman, BM TI Quantitative model of the growth of floodplains by vertical accretion SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Review DE floodplain growth; fluvial geomorphology; vertical accretion ID FLOOD-PLAIN; RIVER FLOODPLAIN; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OVERBANK FLOWS; AMAZON RIVER; SEDIMENTATION; CHANNEL; GEOMORPHOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY; SIMULATION AB A simple one-dimensional model is developed to quantitatively predict the change in elevation, over a period of decades, for vertically accreting floodplains. This unsteady model approximates the monotonic growth of a floodplain as an incremental but constant increase of net sediment deposition per flood for those floods of a partial duration series that exceed a threshold discharge corresponding to the elevation of the floodplain. Sediment deposition from each flood increases the elevation of the floodplain and consequently the magnitude of the threshold discharge resulting in a decrease in the number of floods and growth rate of the floodplain. Floodplain growth curves predicted by this model are compared to empirical growth curves based on dendrochronology and to direct field measurements at five floodplain sites. The model was used to predict the value of net sediment deposition per flood which best fits (in a least squares sense) the empirical and field measurements; these values fall within the range of independent estimates of the net sediment deposition per flood based on empirical equations. These empirical equations permit the application of the model to estimate of floodplain growth for other floodplains throughout the world which do not have detailed data of sediment deposition during individual floods. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 106 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 115 EP 133 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<115::AID-ESP46>3.3.CO;2-Q PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 284DN UT WOS:000085315600001 ER PT J AU Lancaster, N Helm, P AF Lancaster, N Helm, P TI A test of a climatic index of dune mobility using measurements from the southwestern United States SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sand transport; dune mobility index; climatic gradient ID KALAHARI DESERT; VEGETATION; USA; WASHINGTON; HANFORD; WIND AB The climatic index of dune mobility developed by Lancaster (1988) has been applied to a variety of different environments. The index is, however, untested and unverified. We tested the index by comparison of values of the dune mobility index calculated from climate data with rates of sand transport measured at three stations in Arizona and New Mexico over the period 1985 to 1997. Our results show that changes in measured rates of sand transport closely parallel temporal changes in the dune mobility index. The mobility index is, however, a relatively poor predictor of the magnitude of actual sand transport on a year-to-year basis. This discrepancy is probably due to the fact that sand transport rates at these sites are strongly influenced by vegetation cover, the state of which may lag changes in annual precipitation. There is, however, a good relation between the mean annual mobility index and mean annual rates of sand transport. This indicates that the dune mobility index is a valid predictor of the long-term state of the aeolian system and can be used confidently for the purposes for which it was originally intended. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Lancaster, N (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(200002)25:2<197::AID-ESP82>3.0.CO;2-H PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 284DN UT WOS:000085315600008 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ Muth, RT Waddell, B May, TW AF Hamilton, SJ Muth, RT Waddell, B May, TW TI Hazard assessment of selenium and other trace elements in wild larval razorback sucker from the Green River, Utah SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; BLUEGILLS LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FRESH-WATER FISH; RAINBOW-TROUT; XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; STRIPED BASS; DIETARY SELENIUM AB Contaminant investigations of the Green River in northeastern Utah have documented selenium contamination at sites receiving irrigation drainage. The Green River provides critical habitat for four endangered fishes including the largest extant riverine population of endangered razorback sucker. Although 2175 larval razorback suckers were collected from the river between 1992 and 1996, very few juveniles have been captured within recent decades. Selenium concentrations were measured in larval razorback suckers collected from five sites in the Green River (Cliff Creek, Stewart Lake Drain, Sportsman's Drain, Greasewood Corral, and Old Charlie Wash) to assess the potential for adverse effects on recruitment of larvae to the juvenile stage and the adult population. Larvae from all sites contained mean selenium concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 5.8 mu g/g. These values were at or above the proposed toxic threshold of 4 mu g/g for adverse biological effects in fish, which was derived from several laboratory and field studies with a wide range of fish species. At two sites, Cliff Creek and Stewart Lake Drain, selenium concentrations in larvae increased over time as fish grew, whereas selenium concentrations decreased as fish grew at Sportsman's Drain. Evaluation of a 279-larvae composite analyzed for 61 elements demonstrated that selenium and, to a lesser extent, vanadium mere elevated to concentrations reported to be toxic to a wide range of fish species. Elevated selenium concentrations in larval razorback suckers from the five sites suggest that selenium contamination may be widespread in the Green River, and that survival and recruitment of larvae to the juvenile stage may be limited due to adverse biological effects. Selenium contamination may be adversely affecting the reproductive success and recruitment of endangered razorback sucker. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. Colorado State Univ, Larval Fish Lab, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA. US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. NR 79 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 45 IS 2 BP 132 EP 147 DI 10.1006/eesa.1999.1834 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 282RA UT WOS:000085231000004 PM 10648132 ER PT J AU Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Montoya-Ospina, RA Jimenez-Marrero, NM Rodriguez-Lopez, MA Williams, EH Bonde, RK AF Mignucci-Giannoni, AA Montoya-Ospina, RA Jimenez-Marrero, NM Rodriguez-Lopez, MA Williams, EH Bonde, RK TI Manatee mortality in Puerto Rico SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; Puerto Rico; Trichechus manatus; mortality; endangered species conservation and management ID TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; SEAL PLAGUES; FLORIDA AB The most pressing problem in the effective management of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manalus) in Puerto Rico is mortality due to human activities. We assessed 90 cases of manatee strandings in Puerto Rico based on historical data and a coordinated carcass salvage effort from 1990 through 1995. We determined patterns of mortality, including type of event, condition of carcasses, spatial and temporal distribution, gender, size/age class, and the cause of death. The spatial distribution of stranding events was not uniform, with the north, northeast, and south coasts having the highest numbers. Six clusters represent having the highest incidence included the areas of Fajardo and Ceiba, Bahia de Jobos, Toa Baja, Guayanilla, Cabo Rojo, and Rio Grande to Luquillo. The number of reported cases has increased at an average rate of 9.6%/yr since 1990. The seasonality of stranding events showed a bimodal pattern, from February through April and in August and September. Most identified causes of death were due to human interaction, especially captures and watercraft collisions. Natural causes usually involved dependent calves. From 1990 through 1995, most deaths were attributed to watercraft collisions. A reduction in anthropogenic mortality of this endangered species can be accomplished only through education and a proactive management and conservation plan that includes law enforcement, mortality assessment. scientific research, rescue and rehabilitation, and inter- and intraagency cooperation. C1 Univ Metropolitana, SUAGM, Caribbean Stranding Network, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Metropolitana, SUAGM, Dept Ciencias & Tecnol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ Metropolitana, SUAGM, Dept Ciencias & Tecnol, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Lajas, PR 00667 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Sirenia Project, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Mignucci-Giannoni, AA (reprint author), Univ Metropolitana, SUAGM, Caribbean Stranding Network, POB 361715, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. OI Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A./0000-0003-1443-4873; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 25 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s002679910015 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JP UT WOS:000084532400007 ER PT J AU Naimo, TJ Cope, WG Bartsch, MR AF Naimo, TJ Cope, WG Bartsch, MR TI Sediment-contact and survival of fingernail clams: Implications for conducting short-term laboratory tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE whole sediment toxicity; porewater toxicity test; fingernail clam; musculium transversum; macroinvertbrate; water column; sediment ID TOXICITY; AMMONIA; FISH AB Porewater toxicity tests have been used as indicators of whole sediment toxicity. However, many species commonly tested in porewater predominately reside in the water column and otherwise have little to no direct contact with sediment and associated porewater. We assessed the feasibility of porewater toxicity tests with fingernail clams Musculium transversum, a benthic macroinvertebrate that inhabits soft bottom sediments and feeds by filtering surface and porewater. Fingernail clams were exposed to water or sediment in a 96 h laboratory test with a 5 x 2 factorial experimental design. The five treatments included sediments from four sites in the Mississippi River and one sediment-free control (well water). In all treatments, clams were exposed to the sediments or water either directly (no enclosure) or indirectly (enclosure, suspended above the sediment surface). There were three replicates for each of the ten treatment combinations. Overall, survival of fingernail clams did not vary among the five treatments (p=0.36). In treatments without enclosures, survival of clams in the sediment-free control was not significantly different (p=0.34) from the sediment-containing treatments. Survival of clams in the sediment-free control averaged 85%-suggesting that direct sediment contact is not necessary for survival in short-term tests. In contrast, survival of clams in the sediment-containing treatments differed significantly (p=0.03) between exposures with (mean, 77%) and without (mean, 89%) enclosures. Thus, fingernail clams may provide an alternative species for evaluating benthic macroinvertebrates in short-term laboratory porewater tests. However, more information on their physiological requirements and the development of sublethal endpoints is recommended before their use in tests of longer duration. (C) 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Naimo, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564; Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(2000)15:1<23::AID-TOX4>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 277LJ UT WOS:000084934800004 ER PT J AU Gervais, JA Rosenberg, DK Fry, DM Trulio, L Sturm, KK AF Gervais, JA Rosenberg, DK Fry, DM Trulio, L Sturm, KK TI Burrowing owls and agricultural pesticides: Evaluation of residues and risks for three populations in California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; p,p '-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; chlorpyrifos; organophosphorus pesticides; organochloride pesticides ID CAPTIVE AMERICAN KESTRELS; EASTERN SCREECH-OWLS; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; SELENIUM ACCUMULATION; EGGS; REPRODUCTION; BIRDS; DDE; PRODUCTIVITY; CONTAMINANTS AB We examined selenium, organophosphorus, and organochlorine pesticide residues in egg, footwash, and feather samples from burrowing owls in three populations in central and southern California. Eggs from ail sites contained detectable levels of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, with the San Joaquin Valley site containing up to 33 mu g/g (geometric mean (x) over bar = 7.52). Only low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls were detected, however (geometric mean (x) over bar = 1.98, n = 2). Selenuim concentrations were low in all samples (geometric mean (x) over bar = 0.426, n = 20). Eggshells collected in 1996 were 22% thinner than eggs collected prior to 1937. In addition, feather samples contained low levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and footwash samples indicated exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos. Pesticide-use records indicated that one population might also be at risk from applications of aldicarb near nests during the breeding season. C1 Inst Bird Populat, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Ecol Hlth, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Avian Studies, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Salton Sea Natl Wildlife Refuge, Calipatria, CA 92233 USA. RP Gervais, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 14 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<0337:BOAAPE>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 294ZW UT WOS:000085941900013 ER PT J AU Villalobos, SA Papoulias, DM Meadows, J Blankenship, AL Pastva, SD Kannan, K Hinton, DE Tillitt, DE Giesy, JP AF Villalobos, SA Papoulias, DM Meadows, J Blankenship, AL Pastva, SD Kannan, K Hinton, DE Tillitt, DE Giesy, JP TI Toxic responses of medaka, d-rR strain, to polychlorinated naphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: A partial life-cycle assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Halowax; toxicity; early life stage scoring; dioxin-like effects; in ovo nanoinjection ID APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; RAINBOW-TROUT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; SAMPLES; STAGE; MICROINJECTION; EMBRYOTOXICITY; REPRODUCTION; VASCULATURE AB Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are organic compounds with some chemical properties and uses similar to polychlorinated biphenyls. Polychlorinated naphthalenes have been detected in biota from certain aquatic environments. The toxicities of several PCN technical mixtures (Halowax) to medaka (Oryzias latipes) were determined by use of an embryo nanoinjection method. Medaka eggs (early gastrula) were injected with 0.5 nl of triolein (vehicle control) or 0.5 nl of four to five graded doses (0.3-30 ng/egg) of Halowax 1014, Halowax 1013, or Halowax 1051 in triolein. Following exposure, embryos developed, and fry were reared to sexual maturity (4 months), at which time they were euthanized. Responses were evaluated as early life stage (ELS) and early adult life stage (EALS) assessments. For ELS, lethality and sublethal alterations in embryos and larvae (<16 d old), such as craniofacial, cardiovascular, and myoskeletal deformities and abnormal or delayed hatch, were monitored for the first 9 d, and a dose severity index was computed. The EALS assessment examined the survival of 16-d-old larvae until early adulthood (123 +/- 3 d old), including gonadosomatic index (GSI) and morphometry. Halowax 1014 was found to be the most toxic mixture (LD50 4.2 ng/egg), whereas Halowax 1013 and 1051 were significantly less toxic (LD50s could not be determined). The gonadosomatic index of females was significantly less in fish dosed with Halowax 1014 or 1051. The LD50 for medaka embryos nanoinjected with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is about 0.75 pg/egg. Thus, Halowax 1014 was 5,585-fold less patent than TCDD. For Halowax 1014, ELS assessments accurately predicted the results of EALS assessments. C1 Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Environm Contaminants Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Cell Biol, Tox Subst Res & Teaching Program,Ecotoxicol Lead, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Giesy, JP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Inst Environm Toxicol, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 432 EP 440 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<0432:TROMDR>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 294ZW UT WOS:000085941900024 ER PT J AU Newman, MC McCloskey, JT AF Newman, MC McCloskey, JT TI The individual tolerance concept is not the sole explanation for the probit dose-effect model SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE toxicity; dose-effect model; probit; lognormal distribution; tolerance ID MOSQUITOFISH GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; TOXICITY; MERCURY AB Predominant methods for analyzing dose- or concentration-effect data (i.e., probit analysis) are based on the concept of individual tolerance or individual effective dose (IED, the smallest characteristic dose needed to kill an individual). An alternative explanation (stochasticity hypothesis) is that individuals do not have unique tolerances: death results from stochastic processes occurring similarly in all individuals. These opposing hypotheses were tested with two types of experiments. First, time to stupefaction (TTS) was measured for zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) exposed to benzocaine. The same 40 fish were exposed during five trials to test if the same order for TTS was maintained among trials. The IED hypothesis was supported with a minor stochastic component being present. Second, eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were exposed to sublethal or lethal NaCl concentrations until a large portion of the lethally exposed fish died. After sufficient time for recovery, fish sublethally exposed and fish surviving lethal exposure were exposed simultaneously to lethal NaCl concentrations. No statistically significant effect was found of previous exposure on survival time hut a large stochastic component to the survival dynamics was obvious. Repetition of this second type of test with pentachlorophenol also provided no support for the IED hypothesis. We conclude that neither hypothesis alone was the sole or dominant explanation for the lognormal (probit) model. Determination of the correct explanation (IED or stochastic) or the relative contributions of each is crucial to predicting consequences to populations after repeated or chronic exposures to any particular toxicant. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gloucester, VA 23061 USA. RP Newman, MC (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 520 EP 526 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<0520:TITCIN>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 294ZW UT WOS:000085941900035 ER PT J AU Perez, BC Day, JW Rouse, LJ Shaw, RF Wang, R AF Perez, BC Day, JW Rouse, LJ Shaw, RF Wang, R TI Influence of Atchafalaya River discharge and Winter frontal passage on suspended sediment concentration and flux in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sediment flux; cold fronts; pulsing; storms; Atchafalaya River; Fourleague Bay ID FRESH-WATER; SALT-MARSH; TRANSPORT; ESTUARY; STORMS; DELTA; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; TEXAS; PLAIN AB Suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes between Fourleague Bay, Louisiana and the northern Gulf of Mexico were sampled every 3 h for 3 months to examine the importance of atmospheric cold fronts and riverine forcing on the functioning of this estuarine system. A cold front index was developed and used to identify major winter frontal passages likely to have the largest effects on material concentrations and transport. Suspended sediment concentrations ranged from 11 to 1527 mg l(-1); the highest values occurred during winter frontal passages and the lowest during calm periods. High concentrations are generated by a continuous source of sediment from the Atchafalaya River and resuspension of benthic sediment via high intensity winds associated with cold fronts along with sufficient duration to keep the sediment in suspension. Spring peak discharge of the Atchafalaya River increased water levels and sediment concentrations in the bay leading to strong seasonal net exports of water (1.02 x 10(9) m(3)) and sediment (1.72 x 10(8) kg) into the Gulf of Mexico through Oyster Bayou over the 89-day study. Net fluxes associated with tidal forcing were nearly balanced with a small net export due to freshwater input. The combination of high volumes of water originating from the northern bay and the restricted outlet to the Gulf often cause increased water levels and inundation of the surrounding marshes and potential advection of sediments onto the marsh surface. The results suggest that marsh drainage often increases the particulate organic carbon export as a result of marsh flushing. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Perez, BC (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Johnson Controls World Serv Inc, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. NR 59 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 50 IS 2 BP 271 EP 290 DI 10.1006/ecss.1999.0564 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 294QB UT WOS:000085920900009 ER PT J AU Williamson, JH AF Williamson, JH TI Response of an unabashed hatchery reformer SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. RP Williamson, JH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, POB 219, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 325WG UT WOS:000087699000005 ER PT J AU Goodwin, KR Rogers, SO AF Goodwin, KR Rogers, SO TI Connecting with the community: Gone are the days of the stealth researcher SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, USGS Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Goodwin, KR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, USGS Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 325WG UT WOS:000087699000007 ER PT J AU Schmoldt, DL Peterson, DL AF Schmoldt, DL Peterson, DL TI Analytical group decision making in natural resources: Methodology and application SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE analytic hierarchy process; fire research; natural resources planning; priority setting; workshop process ID HIERARCHY PROCESS; INDIVIDUAL-PERFORMANCE; MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES; SUPPORT SYSTEMS; MODEL; COHESIVENESS; PRIORITIES; MATRICES; ISSUE; TASKS AB Group decision making is becoming increasingly important in natural resource management and associated scientific applications, because multiple values are treated coincidentally in time and space, multiple resource specialists are needed, and multiple stakeholders must be included in the decision process. Decades of social science research on decision making in groups have provided insights into the impediments to effective group processes and on techniques that can be applied in a group context. Nevertheless, little integration and few applications of these results have occurred in resource management decision processes, where formal groups are integral, either directly or indirectly. A group decision-making methodology is introduced as an effective approach for temporary, formal groups (e.g., workshops). It combines the following three components: (1) brainstorming to generate ideas; (2) the analytic hierarchy process to produce judgments, manage conflict, enable consensus, and plan for implementation; and (3) a discussion template (straw document). Resulting numerical assessments of alternative decision priorities can be analyzed statistically to indicate where group member agreement occurs and where priority values are significantly different. An application of this group process to fire research program development in a workshop setting indicates that the process helps focus group deliberations; mitigates groupthink, nondecision, and social loafing pitfalls; encourages individual interaction; identifies irrational judgments; and provides a large amount of useful quantitative information about group preferences. This approach can help facilitate scientific assessments and other decision-making processes in resource management. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, USDA, Forest Serv,So Res Stn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Washington, USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, USDA, Forest Serv,So Res Stn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 69 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 46 IS 1 BP 62 EP 75 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 281KJ UT WOS:000085158500008 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, JK Palmer, MR Bullen, TD Arnorsson, S Ragnarsdottir, KV AF Aggarwal, JK Palmer, MR Bullen, TD Arnorsson, S Ragnarsdottir, KV TI The boron isotope systematics of Icelandic geothermal waters: 1. Meteoric water charged systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC-CRUST; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE; ADSORPTION; CHLORINE; EXCHANGE; MANTLE; CLAY AB We have measured the boron isotope composition and boron and chloride concentrations of 27 Icelandic geothermal fluids from both high- and low-temperature systems. The delta(11)B values range from -6.7 parts per thousand in the Krafla system, to +25.0 parts per thousand in a warm spring from the Southern Lowlands. In addition, we have also determined the delta(11)B values of basaltic glass from Nesjavellir (-5.3 +/- 1.4 parts per thousand) and travertine from Snaefellsnes (-22 +/- 0.5 parts per thousand). The B isotope and Cl/B systematics of the high-temperature systems are dominated by the composition of the local basalts. The lower temperature systems show evidence for mixing with B and Cl of a marine origin, together with some uptake of B into secondary mineral phases. The data from the Snaefellsnes geothermal system indicate that the fluids have undergone interaction with basalts that have undergone significant low-temperature alteration by seawater. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, TH Huxley Sch, London SW7 2BP, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Aggarwal, JK (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Mineral, Corrensstr 24, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RI Palmer, Martin/I-6765-2012; Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala/L-5369-2016 OI Palmer, Martin/0000-0003-1660-3714; Ragnarsdottir, Kristin Vala/0000-0001-6958-0734 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00300-2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287NA UT WOS:000085511100001 ER PT J AU Shanks, WC AF Shanks, WC TI Citation for presentation of the 1999 Goldschmidt Medalist to James L. Bischoff SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Shanks, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 973 Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 751 EP 752 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00416-0 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287NA UT WOS:000085511100016 ER PT J AU Bischoff, JL AF Bischoff, JL TI V. M. Goldschmidt Award acceptance speech SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bischoff, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD FEB PY 2000 VL 64 IS 4 BP 753 EP 754 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00413-5 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287NA UT WOS:000085511100017 ER PT J AU Nelson, CH Escutia, C Karabanov, EB Colman, SM AF Nelson, CH Escutia, C Karabanov, EB Colman, SM TI Tectonic and sediment supply control of deep rift lake turbidite systems: Lake Baikal, Russia: Reply SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lake Baikal; turbidite systems; glacial effects ID SIBERIA C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ocean Drilling Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Nelson, CH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015 OI Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 2 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<190:TASSCO>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 281EE UT WOS:000085144300026 ER PT J AU Defries, RS Hansen, MC Townshend, JRG Janetos, AC Loveland, TR AF Defries, RS Hansen, MC Townshend, JRG Janetos, AC Loveland, TR TI A new global 1-km dataset of percentage tree cover derived from remote sensing SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon stocks; forest cover; global land cover; Kyoto Protocol; land use; remote sensing ID LAND DATA SET; SATELLITE DATA; RESOLUTION; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATIONS AB Accurate assessment of the spatial extent of forest cover is a crucial requirement for quantifying the sources and sinks of carbon from the terrestrial biosphere. In the more immediate context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, implementation of the Kyoto Protocol calls for estimates of carbon stocks for a baseline year as well as for subsequent years. Data sources from country level statistics and other ground-based information are based on varying definitions of 'forest' and are consequently problematic for obtaining spatially and temporally consistent carbon stock estimates. By combining two datasets previously derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) at 1 km spatial resolution, we have generated a prototype global map depicting percentage tree cover and associated proportions of trees with different leaf longevity (evergreen and deciduous) and leaf type (broadleaf and needleleaf). The product is intended for use in terrestrial carbon cycle models, in conjunction with other spatial datasets such as climate and soil type, to obtain more consistent and reliable estimates of carbon stocks. The percentage tree cover dataset is available through the Global Land Cover Facility at the University of Maryland at http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20002 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Defries, RS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 25 TC 242 Z9 254 U1 2 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00296.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299JX UT WOS:000086196300009 ER PT J AU Bekins, B AF Bekins, B TI Preface - Groundwater and microbial processes SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE microbial processes; contamination; hydrochemistry; subsurface microbiology; bioremediation C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Bekins, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 496, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s100400050002 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 300RZ UT WOS:000086267100001 ER PT J AU Chapelle, FH AF Chapelle, FH TI The significance of microbial processes in hydrogeology and geochemistry SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microbes; microbial processes; contamination; hydraulic properties ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; COASTAL-PLAIN AQUIFER; GROUND-WATER; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS; ENUMERATION; METABOLISM AB Microbial processes affect the chemical composition of groundwater and the hydraulic properties of aquifers in both contaminated and pristine groundwater systems. The patterns of water-chemistry changes that occur depend upon the relative abundance of electron donors and electron accepters. In many pristine aquifers, where microbial metabolism is limited by the availability of electron donors (usually organic matter), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulates slowly along aquifer flow paths and available electron accepters are consumed sequentially in the order dissolved oxygen > nitrate > Fe(III) > sulfate > CO2 (methanogenesis). In aquifers contaminated by anthropogenic contaminants, an excess of available organic carbon often exists, and microbial metabolism is limited by the availability of electron accepters. In addition to changes in groundwater chemistry, the solid matrix of the aquifer is affected by microbial processes. The production of carbon dioxide and organic acids can lead to increased mineral solubility, which can lead to the development of secondary porosity and permeability. Conversely, microbial production of carbonate, ferrous iron, and sulfide can result in the precipitation of secondary calcite or pyrite cements that reduce primary porosity and permeability in groundwater systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Chapelle, FH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 34 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1007/PL00010973 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 300RZ UT WOS:000086267100005 ER PT J AU Haack, SK Bekins, BA AF Haack, SK Bekins, BA TI Microbial populations in contaminant plumes SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE microbial processes; contamination; bioremediation; natural attenuation; heterogeneity ID ELECTRON-ACCEPTING PROCESSES; GRADIENT TRACER TEST; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CAPE-COD; INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION; AQUIFER MICROORGANISMS; TERRESTRIAL SUBSURFACE; SPATIAL MOMENTS; GRAVEL AQUIFER; FIELD SITE AB Efficient biodegradation of subsurface contaminants requires two elements: (1) microbial populations with the necessary degradative capabilities, and (2) favorable subsurface geochemical and hydrological conditions. Practical constraints on experimental design and interpretation in both the hydrogeological and microbiological sciences have resulted in limited knowledge of the interaction between hydrogeological and microbiological features of subsurface environments. These practical constraints include: (1) inconsistencies between the scales of investigation in the hydrogeological and microbiological sciences, and (2) practical limitations on the ability to accurately define microbial populations in environmental samples. However, advances in application of small-scale sampling methods and interdisciplinary approaches to site investigations are beginning to significantly improve understanding of hydrogeological and microbiological interactions. Likewise, culture-based and molecular analyses of microbial populations in subsurface contaminant plumes have revealed significant adaptation of microbial populations to plume environmental conditions. Results of recent studies suggest that variability in subsurface geochemical and hydrological conditions significantly influences subsurface microbial-community structure. Combined investigations of site conditions and microbial-community structure provide the knowledge needed to understand interactions between subsurface microbial populations, plume geochemistry, and contaminant biodegradation. C1 US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. NR 102 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s100400050008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 300RZ UT WOS:000086267100007 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM AF Bradley, PM TI Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE contamination; microbial processes; chloroethenes; health ID REDUCTIVELY DECHLORINATES TETRACHLOROETHENE; ANAEROBIC ENRICHMENT CULTURE; VINYL-CHLORIDE; CHLORINATED ETHENES; FIELD-EVALUATION; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; INSITU BIODEGRADATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; MINERALIZATION AB The chloroethenes. tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are among the most common contaminants detected in groundwater systems. As recently as 1980, the consensus was that chloroethene compounds were not significantly biodegradable in groundwater. Consequently, efforts to remediate chloroethene-contaminated groundwater were limited to largely unsuccessful pump-and-treat attempts. Subsequent investigation revealed that under reducing conditions, aquifer microorganisms can reductively dechlorinate PCE and TCE to the less chlorinated daughter products dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). Although recent laboratory studies conducted with halorespiring microorganisms suggest that complete reduction to ethene is possible, in the majority of groundwater systems reductive dechlorination apparently stops at DCE or VC. However, recent investigations conducted with aquifer and stream-bed sediments have demonstrated that microbial oxidation of these reduced daughter products can be significant under anaerobic redox conditions. The combination of reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE under anaerobic conditions followed by anaerobic microbial oxidation of DCE and VC provides a possible microbial pathway for complete degradation of chloroethene contaminants in groundwater systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. EM pbradley@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 104 EP 111 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 300RZ UT WOS:000086267100010 ER PT J AU Plescia, JB AF Plescia, JB TI Geology of the Uranius group volcanic constructs: Uranius Patera, Ceraunius Tholus, and Uranius Tholus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; volcanism; surfaces, planets; geological processes ID KILAUEA VOLCANO; PLINIAN ERUPTIONS; FLUVIAL VALLEYS; MARS; HAWAII; EVOLUTION; LANDFORMS; CHANNELS; CALDERA; REGION AB Uranius Patera, Ceraunius Tholus, and Uranius Tholus (three small constructs in the northeast Tharsis region) date to the Late Hesperian Epoch and define the earliest phases of constructional volcanism in the Tharsis province. All three volcanoes are interpreted as shields, built by effusive eruptions of low-viscosity lavas, presumably basalt. Ceraunius Tholus and Uranius Tholus also record pyroclastic volcanism in the form of mantling deposits on their hanks; Uranius Patera either did not experience pyroclastic volcanism or the deposits were subsequently buried by later effusive eruptions. Troughs observed on the flanks of Ceraunius Tholus and Uranius Tholus are interpreted to have been formed by fluvial surface runoff. These constructs are coeval with other small edifices in western Tharsis province and are coeval with plains volcanism in the southern Tharsis, Syria, and Sinai regions. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 US Geol Survey, Astron Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Plescia, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astron Program, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Plescia, Jeffrey/B-7738-2016 NR 65 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD FEB PY 2000 VL 143 IS 2 BP 376 EP 396 DI 10.1006/icar.1999.6259 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 293JF UT WOS:000085847800013 ER PT J AU Coles, JF Jones, RC AF Coles, JF Jones, RC TI Effect of temperature on photosynthesis-light response and growth of four phytoplankton species isolated from a tidal freshwater river SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima; chloyophyll; growth; light; Merismopedia tenuissima; Microcystis aeruginosa; Oscillatoria sp.; photosynthesis; phytoplankton; temperature ID COASTAL MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES; INTENSITY; WATER; IRRADIANCE; CARBON; MODEL AB Three cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz, emend, Elenkin, Merismopedia tenuissima Lemmermann, and Oscillatoria sp.) and one diatom (Aulacoseira granulata var, angustissima O. Mull. emend, Simonsen) were isolated from the tidal freshwater Potomac River and maintained at 23 degrees C and 40 mu mol photons . m(-2) . s(-1) on a 16:8 L:D cycle in unialgal culture, Photosynthetic parameters were determined in nutrient-replete cultures growing exponentially at 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C by incubation with C-14 at six light levels. P-max(B) was strongly correlated with temperature over the entire range for the cyanobacteria and from 15 to 25 degrees C for Aulacoseira, with Q(10) ranging from 1.79 to 2.67. The alpha values demonstrated a less consistent temperature pattern, Photosynthetic parameters indicated an advantage for cyanobacteria at warmer temperatures and in light-limited water columns. p(max)(B) and I-k values were generally lower than comparable literature and field values, whereas a was generally higher, consistent with a somewhat shade acclimated status of our cultures. Specific growth rate (mu), as measured by chlorophyll change, was strongly influenced by temperature in all species, Oscillatoria had the highest mu at all temperatures, joined at lower temperatures by Aulacoseira and at higher temperatures by Microcystis, Values of mu for Aulacoseira were near the low end of the literature range for diatoms consistent with the light-limited status of the cultures. The cyanobacteria exhibited growth rates similar to those reported in other studies. Q(10) for growth ranged from 1.71 for Aulacoseira to 4.16 for Microcystis, Growth rate was highly correlated with P-max(B) for each species and the regression slope coefficients were very similar for three of the species. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Coles, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. NR 60 TC 85 Z9 101 U1 6 U2 36 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.98219.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294NN UT WOS:000085917500003 ER PT J AU Becher, KD Schnoebelen, DJ Akers, KKB AF Becher, KD Schnoebelen, DJ Akers, KKB TI Nutrients discharged to the Mississippi River from eastern Iowa watersheds, 1996-1997 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE nutrients; nitrogen; phosphorus; loads; yields; water quality ID CONSTITUENT LOADS AB The introduction of nutrients from chemical fertilizer animal manure, wastewater, and atmospheric deposition to the eastern Iowa environment creates a large potential for nutrient transport in watersheds. Agriculture constitutes 93 percent of all land use in eastern Iowa. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment Program, water samples were collected (typically monthly) from six small and six large watersheds in eastern Iowa between March 1996 and September 1997. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to determine land use and quantify inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus within the study area. Streamflow from the watersheds is to the Mississippi River. Chemical fertilizer and animal manure account for 92 percent of the estimated total nitrogen and 99.9 percent of the estimated total phosphorus input in the study area. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads for 1996 were estimated for nine of the 12 rivers and creeks using a minimum variance unbiased estimator model. A seasonal pattern of concentrations and loads was observed. The greatest concentrations and loads occur in the late spring to early summer in conjunction with row-crop-fertilizer applications and spring runoff and again in the late fall to early winter as vegetation goes into dormancy and additional fertilizer is applied to row-crop fields. The three largest rivers in eastern Iowa transported an estimated total of 79,000 metric tons of total nitrogen and 6,800 metric tons of total phosphorus to the Mississippi River in 1996. The estimated mass of total nitrogen and total phosphorus transported to the Mississippi River represents about 19 percent of all estimated nitrogen and 9 percent of all estimated phosphorus input to the study area. C1 US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Becher, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 400 S Clinton, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04257.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 297HW UT WOS:000086077700014 ER PT J AU Volkert, RA Feigenson, MD Patino, LC Delaney, JS Drake, AA AF Volkert, RA Feigenson, MD Patino, LC Delaney, JS Drake, AA TI Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, age and petrogenesis of A-type granitoids of the Vernon Supersuite, New Jersey Highlands, USA SO LITHOS LA English DT Article DE A-type granite; geochemistry; fractional crystallization; isotopes; Grenville ID NORTH-AMERICA; COLLISIONAL OROGENS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; WEST TEXAS; MAGMATISM; SUITE; MODEL; FRACTIONATION; AMPHIBOLES; DERIVATION AB Voluminous late Mesoproterozoic monzonite through granite of the Vernon Supersuite underlies an area of approximately 1300 km(2) in the Highlands of northern New Jersey. The Vernon Supersuite consists of hastingsite +/- biotite-bearing granitoids of the Byram intrusive Suite (BIS) and hedenbergite-bearing granitoids of the Lake Hopatcong Intrusive Suite (LHIS). These rocks have similar major and trace element abundances over a range of SiO2 from 58 to 75 wt.%, are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, and have a distinctive A-type chemistry characterized by high contents of Y, Nb, Zr, LREE, and Ga/Al ratios,and low MgO, CaO, Sr and HREE. Whole-rock Rb-Sr isochrons of BIS granite yield an age of 1116 +/- 41 Ma and initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of 0.70389, and of LHIS granite an age of 1095 +/- 9 Ma and initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of 0.70520. Both suites have similar initial Nd-143/Nd-144 ratios of 0.511267 to 0.511345 (BIS) and 0.511359 to 0.511395 (LHIS). Values of epsilon(Nd) are moderately high and range from + 1.21 to + 2.74 in the BIS and + 2.24 to + 2.95 in the LHIS. Petrographic evidence, field relationships, geochemistry, and isotopic data support an interpretation of comagmatism and the derivation of both suites from a mantle-derived or a juvenile lower crustal parent with little crustal assimilation. Both suites crystallized under overlapping conditions controlled by P-T-f(H2O). Lake Hopatcong magma crystallized at a liquidus temperature that approached 900 degrees C and a pressure of about 6 kbar, and remained relatively anhydrous throughout its evolution. Initial P-T conditions of the Byram magma were greater than or equal to 850 degrees C and about 5.5 kbar. BIS magma was emplaced contemporaneous with, or slightly preceding LHIS magma, and both magmas were emplaced during a compressional tectonic event prior to granulite facies metamorphism that occurred in the Highlands between 1080 and 1030 Ma. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New Jersey Geol Survey, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Volkert, RA (reprint author), New Jersey Geol Survey, POB 427, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. NR 66 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0024-4937 J9 LITHOS JI Lithos PD FEB PY 2000 VL 50 IS 4 BP 325 EP 347 DI 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00065-1 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 287VQ UT WOS:000085527500004 ER PT J AU Seiser, PE Duffy, LK McGuire, AD Roby, DD Golet, GH Litzow, MA AF Seiser, PE Duffy, LK McGuire, AD Roby, DD Golet, GH Litzow, MA TI Comparison of pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba, blood parameters from oiled and unoiled areas of Alaska eight years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE alcid; Cepphus columba; Exxon Valdez; haematology; oil spill; pigeon guillemot; plasma biochemistry; Prince William Sound ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; NESTLING HERRING-GULLS; BAY CRUDE-OIL; SERUM CHEMISTRY; RIVER OTTERS; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA; COMMON MURRES; MARINE BIRDS; PLASMA AB In 1997, we compared the haematological and plasma biochemical profiles among populations of pigeon guillemots, Cepphus columba, in areas oiled and not oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) that occurred in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. Pigeon guillemot populations in PWS were injured by EVOS and have not returned to pre-spill levels. If oil contamination is limiting recovery of pigeon guillemots in PWS, then we expected that blood parameters of pigeon guillemots would differ between oiled and unoiled areas and that these differences would be consistent with either toxic responses or lower fitness. We collected blood samples from chicks at approximately 20 and 30 days after hatching. Physiological changes associated with chick growth were noted in several blood parameters. We found that only calcium and mean cell volume were significantly different between the chicks in oiled and unoiled areas. Despite these differences, blood biomarkers provided little evidence of continuing oil injury to pigeon guillemot chicks, eight years after the EVOS. Preliminary data from adults indicated elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity in the adults from the oiled area, which is consistent with hepatocellular injury. Because adults have greater opportunities for exposure to residual oil than nestlings, we recommend studies that fully evaluate the health of adults residing in oiled areas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ftpes@uaf.edu NR 98 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 152 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00194-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 297GP UT WOS:000086074300019 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Theobald, DM Fagre, DB AF Baron, JS Theobald, DM Fagre, DB TI Management of land use conflicts in the United States Rocky Mountains SO MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article C1 Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 3 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA SN 0276-4741 J9 MT RES DEV JI Mt. Res. Dev. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1659/0276-4741(2000)020[0024:MOLUCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 308YT UT WOS:000086741000006 ER PT J AU Yoder, CK Vivin, P Defalco, LA Seemann, JR Nowak, RS AF Yoder, CK Vivin, P Defalco, LA Seemann, JR Nowak, RS TI Root growth and function of three Mojave Desert grasses in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; root growth; root respiration; water relations; nitrogen uptake; Bromus madritensis ssp rubens; Achnatherum hymenoides; Pleuraphis rigida ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; WATER RELATIONS; PONDEROSA PINE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AGAVE-DESERTI; ENRICHMENT; RESPIRATION; NITROGEN; PLANTS AB Root growth and physiological responses to elevated CO2 were investigated for three important Mojave Desert grasses: the C-3 perennial Achnatherum hymenoides, the C-4 perennial Pleuraphis rigida and the C-3 annual Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens. Seeds of each species were grown at ambient (360 mu l l(-1)) or elevated (1000 mu l l(-1)) CO2 in a glasshouse and harvested at three phenological stages: vegetative, anthesis and seed fill. Because P. rigida did not flower during the course of this study, harvests far this species represent three vegetative stages. Primary productivity was increased in both C-3 grasses in response to elevated CO2 (40 and 19% for A. hymenoides and B. rubens, respectively), but root biomass increased only in the C-3 perennial grass. Neither above-ground nor belowground biomass of the C-4 perennial grass was significantly affected by the CO2 treatment. Elevated CO2 did not significantly affect root surface area for any species. Total plant nitrogen was also not statistically different between CO2 treatments for any species, indicating no enhanced uptake of N under elevated CO2. Physiological uptake capacities for NO3 and NH4 were not affected by the CO2 treatment during the second harvest; measurements were not made for the first harvest. However, at the third harvest uptake capacity was significantly decreased in response to elevated CO2 for at least one N form in each species. NO3 uptake rates were lower in A. hymenoides and P. rigida, and NH4 uptake rates were lower in B. rubens at elevated CO2. Nitrogen uptake on a whole root system basis (NO3 + NH4 uptake capacity x root biomass) was influenced positively by elevated CO2 only for A. hymenoides after anthesis. These results suggest that elevated CO2 may result in a competitive advantage for A. hymenoides relative to species that do not increase root-system N uptake capacity. Root respiration measurements normalized to 20 degrees C were not significantly affected by the CO2 treatment. However, specific root respiration was significantly correlated with either root C:N ratio or root water content when all data per species were included within a simple regression model. The results of this study provide little evidence for up-regulation of root physiology in response to elevated CO2 and indicate that root biomass responses to CO2 are species-specific. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resources Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. INRA, Dept Agron, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Nowak, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resources Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 145 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00576.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 289AM UT WOS:000085597200008 ER PT J AU Lancaster, N Schaber, GG Teller, JT AF Lancaster, N Schaber, GG Teller, JT TI Orbital radar studies of paleodrainages in the central Namib Desert SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SHUTTLE IMAGING RADAR; C/X-SAR DATA; EASTERN SAHARA; SAND; PENETRATION; FEATURES; SAFSAF; EGYPT; SOIL AB Orbital radar images of the central Namib Desert show clearly the extent of relict fluvial deposits associated with former courses of the Tsondab and Kuiseb rivers. South of the Kuiseb River, radar data show the existence of a drainage network developed in a calcrete-cemented late Tertiary fluvial deposits. The sand-filled paleovalleys are imaged as radar-dark tones in contrast to the radar-bright interfluves where the calcreted gravels occur. The drainage network developed as a result of local runoff from indurated gravels and channeled surface and sub-surface flow to the sites of the many interdune lacustrine deposits found in the area. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 2000. C1 UCCSN, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RP Lancaster, N (reprint author), UCCSN, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 71 IS 2 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00088-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 281BU UT WOS:000085138900008 ER PT J AU Fernandez, MK Smith, SA Escamilla, R AF Fernandez, MK Smith, SA Escamilla, R TI New county record for the Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) from Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rio Hondo, TX 78583 USA. RP Fernandez, MK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rio Hondo, TX 78583 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 297JK UT WOS:000086079100009 ER PT J AU Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Vierra, LE AF Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Vierra, LE TI Colorado River sediment transport - 1. Natural sediment supply limitation and the influence of Glen Canyon Dam SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED-LOAD; GRAND-CANYON AB Analyses of flow, sediment-transport, bed-topographic, and sedimentologic data suggest that before the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons was annually supply-limited with respect to fine sediment (i.e., sand and finer material). Furthermore, these analyses suggest that the predam river in Glen Canyon was not supply-limited to the same degree and that the degree of annual supply limitation increased near the head of Marble Canyon. The predam Colorado River in Grand Canyon displays evidence of four effects of supply limitation: (1) seasonal hysteresis in sediment concentration, (2) seasonal hysteresis in sediment grain size coupled to the seasonal hysteresis in sediment concentration, (3) production of inversely graded flood deposits, and (4) development or modification of a lag between the time of a flood peak and the time of either maximum or minimum (depending on reach geometry) bed elevation. Analyses of sediment budgets provide additional support for the interpretation that the predam river was annually supply-limited with respect to fine sediment, but it was not supply-limited with respect to fine sediment during all seasons. In the average predam year, sand would accumulate and be stored in Marble Canyon and upper Grand Canyon for 9 months of the year (from July through March) when flows were dominantly below 200-300 m(3)/s; this stored sand was then eroded during April through June when flows were typically higher. After closure of Glen Canyon Dam, because of the large magnitudes of the uncertainties in the sediment budget, no season of substantial sand accumulation is evident. Because most flows in the postdam river exceed 200-300 m(3)/s, substantial sand accumulation in the postdam river is unlikely. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Topping, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 48 TC 104 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 515 EP 542 DI 10.1029/1999WR900285 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 276QZ UT WOS:000084890000013 ER PT J AU Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Nelson, JM Kinzel, PJ Corson, IC AF Topping, DJ Rubin, DM Nelson, JM Kinzel, PJ Corson, IC TI Colorado River sediment transport - 2. Systematic bed-elevation and grain-size effects of sand supply limitation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS; VELOCITY; SURFACE AB The Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons displays evidence of annual supply limitation with respect to sand both prior to [Topping et al., this issue] and after the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963. Systematic changes in bed elevation and systematic coupled changes in suspended-sand concentration and grain size result from this supply limitation. During floods, sand supply limitation either causes or modifies a lag between the time of maximum discharge and the time of either maximum or minimum (depending on reach geometry) bed elevation. If, at a cross section where the bed aggrades with increasing flow, the maximum bed elevation is observed to lead the peak or the receding limb of a flood, then this observed response of the bed is due to sand supply limitation. Sand supply limitation also leads to the systematic evolution of sand grain size (both on the bed and in suspension) in the Colorado River. Sand input during a tributary flood travels down the Colorado River as an elongating sediment wave, with the finest sizes (because of their lower settling velocities) traveling the fastest. As the fine front of a sediment wave arrives at a given location, the bed fines and suspended-sand concentrations increase in response to the enhanced upstream supply of finer sand. Then, as the front of the sediment wave passes that location, the bed is winnowed and suspended-sand concentrations decrease in response to the depletion of the upstream supply of finer sand. The grain-size effects of depletion of the upstream sand supply are most obvious during periods of higher dam releases (e.g., the 1996 flood experiment and the 1997 test flow). Because of substantial changes in the grain-size distribution of the bed, stable relationships between the discharge of water and sand-transport rates (i.e., stable sand rating curves) are precluded. Sand budgets in a supply-limited river like the Colorado River can only be constructed through inclusion of the physical processes that couple changes in bed-sediment grain size to changes in sand-transport rates. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Topping, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 430,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Kinzel, Paul/0000-0002-6076-9730 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 543 EP 570 DI 10.1029/1999WR900286 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 276QZ UT WOS:000084890000014 ER PT J AU Andrews, ED AF Andrews, ED TI Bed material transport in the Virgin River, Utah SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; BEDLOAD; STREAMS AB Detailed information concerning the rate and particle size distribution of bed material transport by streamflows can be very difficult and expensive to obtain, especially where peak streamflows are brief and bed material is poorly sorted, including some very large boulders. Such streams, however, are common in steep, and watersheds. Any computational approach must consider that (1) only the smaller particle sizes present on the streambed move even during large floods and (2) the largest bed particles exert a significant form drag on the flow. Conventional methods that rely on a single particle size to estimate the skin friction shear stress acting on the mobile fraction of the bed material perform pearly. Instead, for this study, the skin friction shear stress was calculated for the observed range of streamflows by calculating the form drag exerted on the reach-averaged flow field by all particle sizes. Suspended and bed load transported rates computed from reach-averaged skin friction shear stress are in excellent agreement with measured transport rates. The computed mean annual bed material load, including both bed load and suspended load, of the East Fork Virgin River for the water years 1992-1996 was approximately 1.3 x 10(5) t. A large portion of the bed material load consists of sand-sized particles, 0.062-1.0 mm in diameter, that are transported in suspension. Such particles, however, constituted only 10% of the surface bed material and less than 25% of the subsurface bed material. The mean annual quantity of bed load transported was 1060 t/yr with a median size of 15 mm. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Andrews, ED (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 585 EP 596 DI 10.1029/1999WR900257 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 276QZ UT WOS:000084890000016 ER PT J AU Baker, RJ Baehr, AL Lahvis, MA AF Baker, RJ Baehr, AL Lahvis, MA TI Estimation of hydrocarbon biodegradation rates in gasoline-contaminated sediment from measured respiration rates SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodegradation; hydrocarbon; microcosm; respiration; porous media ID GAS-TRANSPORT; MICROCOSMS AB An open microcosm method for quantifying microbial respiration and estimating biodegradation rates of hydrocarbons in gasoline-contaminated sediment samples has been developed and validated. Stainless-steel bioreactors are filled with soil or sediment samples, and the vapor-phase composition (concentrations of oxygen (O-2), nitrogen (N-2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and selected hydrocarbons) is monitored over time. Replacement gas is added as the vapor sample is taken, and selection of the replacement gas composition facilitates real-time decision-making regarding environmental conditions within the bioreactor. This capability allows for maintenance of field conditions over time, which is not possible in closed microcosms. Reaction rates of CO2 and O-2 are calculated from the vapor-phase composition time series. Rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation are either measured directly from the hydrocarbon mass balance, or estimated from CO2 and O-2 reaction rates and assumed reaction stoichiometries. Open microcosm experiments using sediments spiked with toluene and p-xylene were conducted to validate the stoichiometric assumptions. Respiration rates calculated from O-2 consumption and from CO2 production provide estimates of toluene and p-xylene degradation rates within about +/-50% of measured values when complete mineralization stoichiometry is assumed. Measured values ranged from 851.1 to 965.1 g m(-3) year(-1) for toluene, and 407.2-942.3 g m(-3) year(-1) for p-xylene. Contaminated sediment samples from a gasoline-spill site were used in a second set of microcosm experiments. Here, reaction rates of O-2 and CO2 were measured and used to estimate hydrocarbon respiration rates. Total hydrocarbon reaction rates ranged from 49.0 g m(-3) year(-1) in uncontaminated (background) to 1040.4 g m(-3) year(-1) for highly contaminated sediment, based on CO2 production data. These rate estimates were similar to those obtained independently from in situ CO2 vertical gradient and flux determinations at the field site. In these experiments, aerobic conditions were maintained in the microcosms by using air as the replacement gas, thus preserving the ambient aerobic environment of the subsurface near the capillary zone. This would not be possible with closed microcosms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Baker, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Rd, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 31 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00063-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 275GM UT WOS:000084812500007 ER PT J AU Bell, JF McSween, HY Crisp, JA Morris, RV Murchie, SL Bridges, NT Johnson, JR Britt, DT Golombek, MP Moore, HJ Ghosh, A Bishop, JL Anderson, RC Bruckner, J Economou, T Greenwood, JP Gunnlaugsson, HP Hargraves, RM Hviid, S Knudsen, JM Madsen, MB Reid, R Rieder, R Soderblom, L AF Bell, JF McSween, HY Crisp, JA Morris, RV Murchie, SL Bridges, NT Johnson, JR Britt, DT Golombek, MP Moore, HJ Ghosh, A Bishop, JL Anderson, RC Bruckner, J Economou, T Greenwood, JP Gunnlaugsson, HP Hargraves, RM Hviid, S Knudsen, JM Madsen, MB Reid, R Rieder, R Soderblom, L TI Mineralogic and compositional properties of Martian soil and dust: Results from Mars Pathfinder SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID VIKING BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS; HAWAIIAN PALAGONITIC SOIL; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; IRON-OXIDES; IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTIVITY SPECTRA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB Mars Pathfinder obtained multispectral, elemental, magnetic, and physical measurements of soil and dust at the Sagan Memorial Station during the course of its 83 sol mission. We describe initial results from these measurements, concentrating on multispectral and elemental data, and use these data, along with previous Viking, SNC meteorite, and telescopic results, to help constrain the origin and evolution of Martian soil and dust. We find that soils and dust can be divided into at least eight distinct spectral units, based on parameterization of Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) 400 to 1000 nm multispectral images. The most distinctive spectral parameters for soils and dust are the reflectivity in the red, the red/blue reflectivity ratio, the near-IR spectral slope, and the strength of the 800 to 1000 nm absorption feature. Most of the Pathfinder spectra are consistent with the presence of poorly crystalline or nanophase ferric oxide(s), sometimes mixed with small but varying degrees of well-crystalline ferric and ferrous phases. Darker soil units appear to be coarser-grained. compacted. and/or mixed with a larger amount of dark ferrous materials relative to bright soils. Nanophase goethite. akaganeite, schwertmannite, and maghemite are leading candidates for the origin of the absorption centered near 900 nm in IMP spectra. The ferrous component in the soil cannot be well-constrained based on IMP data. Alpha proton X-ray spectrometer (APXS) measurements of six soil units show little variability within the landing site and show remarkable overall similarity to the average Viking-derived soil elemental composition. Differences exist between Viking and Pathfinder soils, however, including significantly higher S and Cl abundances and lower Si abundances in Viking soils and the lack of a correlation between Ti and Fe in Pathfinder soils. No significant linear correlations were observed between IMP spectral properties and APXS elemental chemistry. Attempts at constraining the mineralogy of soils and dust using normative calculations involving mixtures of smectites and silicate and oxide minerals did not yield physically acceptable solutions. We attempted to use the Pathfinder results to constrain a number of putative soil and dust formation scenarios, including palagonitization and acid-fog weathering. While the Pathfinder soils cannot be chemically linked to the Pathfinder rocks by palagonitization, this study and McSween er al. [1999] suggest that palagonitic alteration of a Martian basaltic rock, plus mixture with a minor component of locally derived andesitic rock fragments, could be consistent with the observed soil APXS and IMP properties. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bell, JF (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, 402 Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Madsen, Morten/D-2082-2011; Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016 OI Madsen, Morten/0000-0001-8909-5111; Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416 NR 153 TC 168 Z9 169 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JAN 25 PY 2000 VL 105 IS E1 BP 1721 EP 1755 DI 10.1029/1999JE001060 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 278UB UT WOS:000085006400010 ER PT J AU Callender, E Rice, KC AF Callender, E Rice, KC TI The urban environmental gradient: Anthropogenic influences on the spatial and temporal distributions of lead and zinc in sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORES; RESERVOIR; ELEMENTS; TRENDS AB Urban settings are a focal point for environmental contamination due to emissions from industrial and municipal activities and the widespread use of motor vehicles. As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment: Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, streambed-sediment and dated reservoir;sediment samples were collected from the Chattahoochee River Basin and analyzed for total lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. The sampling transect extends;from northern Georgia, through Atlanta, to the Gulf of Mexico and reflects a steep gradient in population density from nearly 1000 people/ km(2) in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area to fewer than 50 people/ km(2) in rural areas of southern Georgia and northern Florida. Correlations among population density, traffic density, and total and anthropogenic Pb and Zn concentrations indicate that population density is strongly related to traffic density and is a predictor of Pb and Zn concentrations in the environment derived from anthropogenic activities. Differences in the distributions of total Pb and Zn concentrations along the urban-suburban-rural gradient from Atlanta to the Florida Panhandle are related to temporal and spatial processes. That is, with the removal of leaded gasoline starting in-the late 1970s, peak Pb concentrations have decreased to the present Conversely, increased vehicular usage has kept Zn concentrations elevated in runoff from population centers, which is reflected in the continued enrichment of Zn in aquatic sediments. Sediments from rural areas also contain elevated concentrations of Zn, possibly in response to substantial power plant emissions for the region, as well as vehicular traffic. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Callender, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 432,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 27 TC 136 Z9 145 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1021/es990380s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 274PP UT WOS:000084774500002 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, DK Alpers, CN Ptacek, CJ Blowes, DW AF Nordstrom, DK Alpers, CN Ptacek, CJ Blowes, DW TI Negative pH and extremely acidic mine waters from Iron Mountain, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRATER LAKE; CONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTES; SULFURIC-ACID; POAS VOLCANO; COSTA-RICA; SYSTEM; BRINES AB Extremely acidic mine waters with pH values as low as -3.6, total dissolved metal concentrations as high as 200 g/L, and sulfate concentrations as high as 760 g/L, have been encountered underground in the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, CA. These are the most acidic waters known. The pH measurements were obtained by using the Pitzer method to define pH for calibration of glass membrane electrodes;The calibration of pH below 0.5 with glass membrane electrodes becomes strongly nonlinear but is reproducible to a pH as low as -4. Numerous efflorescent minerals were found forming from these acid waters. These extreme acid waters were formed primarily by pyrite oxidation and concentration by evaporation with minor effects from aqueous ferrous iron oxidation and efflorescent mineral formation. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 2115 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 35 TC 236 Z9 241 U1 4 U2 80 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1021/es990646v PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 274PP UT WOS:000084774500005 ER PT J AU Banakar, VK Hein, JR AF Banakar, VK Hein, JR TI Growth response of a deep-water ferromanganese crust to evolution of the Neogene Indian Ocean SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ferromanganese crust; growth response; oxygenation; bottom water; Indian Ocean; paleoceanography ID MANGANESE NODULES; COBALT-RICH; MN CRUSTS; BASIN; PACIFIC; INDICATORS; SEAMOUNTS; EROSION; RATES AB A deep-water ferromanganese crust from a Central Indian Ocean seamount dated previously by Be-10 and Th-230(excess) was studied for compositional and textural variations that occurred throughout its growth history. The Be-10/Be-9 dated interval (upper 32 mm) yields an uniform growth rate of 2.8 +/- 0.1 mm/Ma [Frank, M., O'Nions, R.K., 1998. Sources of Pb for Indian Ocean ferromanganese crusts: a record of Himalayan erosion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 158, pp. 121-130.] which gives an extrapolated age of similar to 26 Ma for the base of the crust at 72 mm and is comparable to the maximum age derived from the Go-model based growth rate estimates. This study shows that Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide precipitation did not occur from the time of emplacement of the seamount during the Eocene (similar to 53 Ma) until the late Oligocene (similar to 26 Ma). This paucity probably was the result of a nearly overlapping palaeo-CCD and palaeo-depth of crust formation, increased early Eocene productivity, instability and reworking of the surface rocks on the flanks of the seamount, and lack of oxic deep-water in the nascent Indian Ocean. Crust accretion began (older zone) with the formation of isolated cusps of Fe-Mn oxide during a time of high detritus influx, probably due to the early-Miocene intense erosion associated with maximum exhumation of the Himalayas top. cit.). This cuspate textured zone extends from 72 mm to 42 mm representing the early-Miocene period. Intense polar cooling and increased mixing of deep and intermediate waters at the close of the Oligocene might have led to the increased oxygenation of the bottom-water in the basin. A considerable expansion in the vertical distance between the seafloor depth and the CCD during the early Miocene in addition to the influx of oxygenated bottom-water likely initiated Fe-Mn crust formation. Pillar structure characterises the younger zone, which extends from 40 mm to the surface of the crust, i.e., similar to 15 Ma to Present. This zone is characterised by > 25% higher content of oxide-bound elements than in the older zone, possibly corresponding to further increased oxygenation of bottom-waters, increased stability of the seamount slope, and gradually reduced input of continental detritus from the erosion of the Himalayas. Middle Miocene Antarctic glaciation, which peaked similar to 12-13 Ma ago, increased the oxic bottom-water influx to the basin resulting in accretion of the crust with low detritus. Therefore, the younger crust started to accrete in response to a shift in bottom-water circulation towards the contemporary pattern, which produced a uniform growth rate and pillar structure up to the present. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Oceanog, Donapaula 403004, Goa, India. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Banakar, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Oceanog, Donapaula 403004, Goa, India. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 162 IS 2-4 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00077-8 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 294WR UT WOS:000085933900017 ER PT J AU Jeong, KS Jung, HS Kang, JK Morgan, CL Hein, JR AF Jeong, KS Jung, HS Kang, JK Morgan, CL Hein, JR TI Formation of ferromanganese crusts on northwest intertropical Pacific seamounts: electron photomicrography and microprobe chemistry SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ferromanganese crusts; northwest intertropical Pacific; two growth generations; phosphatization; oxygen minimum zone; biosilica diagenesis ID CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CAROLINE ISLANDS; OXIDE DEPOSITS; GROWTH-RATES; COBALT-RICH; OCEAN; MANGANESE; GEOCHEMISTRY; DISSOLUTION; EVOLUTION AB Seven ferromanganese crusts from the northwest intertropical Pacific seamounts were analyzed for photomicroscopic growth structures, microprobe chemistry, and ages based on Co-chronometer growth rate. The crusts on the Marshall Islands seamounts are thick and are divided into phosphatized lower older and nonphosphatized upper younger growth generations: the older crust consists of compact laminations and columns impregnated with carbonate fluoapatite (CFA), whereas the younger crust is characterized by porous botryoids and columns of delta-MnO2 and Fe oxyhydroxide. The crusts on the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and Palau Islands seamounts are thin and are often incorporated with inorganic opal-A in the uppermost part, comprising the younger generation. Some crusts show scours and fractures. Although the growth of crusts has been often interrupted by mass failure of slope sediments, the crusts on the Marshall Islands seamounts are estimated to have grown at rate of about 3 mm/Ma since the middle Eocene and to have been phosphatized in the late Oligocene during the host seamounts were located beneath the equatorial zone of high productivity. Prolonged infiltration of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) water into shallower water older crusts redistributed crust composition by precipitating CFA, enriching subsequent amounts of Mn and Ni, and removing some Co. The younger crust has formed at slower rate (about 2 mm/Ma) under the stronger influence of bottom-water circulation in the north of the equatorial zone, concentrating abundant Co. In the uppermost part of some crusts, siliceous skeletons transform with burial to inorganic opal-A and Si-rich Fe oxyhydroxide, suggesting that biosilica diagenesis can enhance crust growth. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Geol & Geophys Div, Seoul 425600, South Korea. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Deep Sea Res Ctr, Seoul 425600, South Korea. Univ Hawaii, Ocean Basins Div, Marine Minerals Technol Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Jeong, KS (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Geol & Geophys Div, Ansan POB 29, Seoul 425600, South Korea. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 162 IS 2-4 BP 541 EP 559 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00091-2 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 294WR UT WOS:000085933900018 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Burton, WC Lyttle, PT Nelson, AE Southworth, CS AF Aleinikoff, JN Burton, WC Lyttle, PT Nelson, AE Southworth, CS TI U-Pb geochronology of zircon and monazite from Mesoproterozoic granitic gneisses of the northern Blue Ridge, Virginia and Maryland, USA SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Blue Ridge; Grenville; Mesoproterozoic; monazite; U-Pb absolute age; zircon ID AIR-ABRASION TECHNIQUE; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; TH-PB; AGES; APPALACHIANS; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; EVENT AB Mesoproterozoic granitic gneisses comprise most of the basement of the northern Blue Ridge geologic province in Virginia and Maryland. Lithology, structure, and U-Pb geochronology have been used to subdivide the gneisses into three groups. The oldest rocks, Group 1, are layered granitic gneiss (1153 +/- 6 Ma), hornblende monzonite gneiss (1149+/-19 Ma), porphyroblastic granite gneiss (1144+/-2 Ma), coarse-grained metagranite (about 1140 Ma), and chamockite (>1145 Ma?). These gneisses contain three Proterozoic deformational fabrics. Because of complex U-Pb systematics due to extensive overgrowths on magmatic cores, zircons from hornblende monzonite gneiss were dated using the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP), whereas all other ages are based on conventional U-Pb geochronology. Group 2 rocks are leucocratic and biotitic varieties of Marshall Metagranite, dated at 1112+/-3 Ma and 1111+/-2 Ma respectively. Group 3 rocks are subdivided into two age groups: (1) garnetiferous metagranite (1077+/-4 Ma) and quartz-plagioclase gneiss (1077+/-4 Ma); (2) white leucocratic metagranite (1060+/-2 Ma), pink leucocratic metagranite (1059+/-2), biotite granite gneiss (1055 +/- 4 Ma), and megacrystic metagranite (1055 +/- 2 Ma). Groups 2 and 3 gneisses contain only the two younger Proterozoic deformational fabrics. Ages of monazite, separated from seven samples, indicate growth during both igneous and metamorphic (thermal) events. However, ages obtained from individual grains may be mixtures of different age components, as suggested by backscatter electron (BSE) imaging of complexly zoned grains. Analyses of unzoned monazite (imaged by BSE and thought to contain only one age component) from porphyroblastic granite gneiss yield ages of 1070, 1060, and 1050 Ma. The range of ages of monazite (not reset to a uniform date) indicates that the Grenville granulite event at about 1035 Ma did not exceed about 750 degrees C. Lack of evidence for 1110 Ma growth of monazite in porphyroblastic granite gneiss suggests that the Short Hill fault might be a Grenvillian structure that was reactivated in the Paleozoic. The timing of Proterozoic deformations is constrained by crystallization ages of the gneissic rocks. D1 occurred between about 1145 and 1075 Ma (or possibly between about 1145 and 1128 Ma). D2 and D3 must be younger than about 1050 Ma. Ages of Mesoproterozoic granitic rocks of the northern Blue Ridge are similar to rocks in other Grenville terranes of the eastern USA, including the Adirondacks and Hudson Highlands. However, comparisons with conventional U-Pb ages of granulite-grade rocks from the central and southern Appalachians may be specious because these ages may actually be mixtures of ages of cores and overgrowths. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 99 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00056-X PG 34 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 267UF UT WOS:000084377100005 ER PT J AU Lee, BG Griscom, SB Lee, JS Choi, HJ Koh, CH Luoma, SN Fisher, NS AF Lee, BG Griscom, SB Lee, JS Choi, HJ Koh, CH Luoma, SN Fisher, NS TI Influences of dietary uptake and reactive sulfides on metal bioavailability from aquatic sediments SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; MARINE BIVALVES; ASSIMILATION; TOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTS; CADMIUM; MODEL AB Understanding how animals are exposed to the Large repository of metal pollutants in aquatic sediments is complicated and is important in regulatory decisions. Experiments with four types of invertebrates showed that feeding behavior and dietary uptake control bioaccumulation of cadmium, silver, nickel, and zinc. Metal concentrations in animal tissue correlated with metal concentrations extracted from sediments, but not with metal in porewater, across a range of reactive sulfide concentrations, from 0.5 to 30 micromoles per gram. These results contradict the notion that metal bioavailability in sediments is controlled by geochemical equilibration of metals between porewater and reactive sulfides, a proposed basis for regulatory criteria for metals. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, BG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Mail Stop 465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bglee@usgs.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 23 TC 172 Z9 183 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 14 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 5451 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1126/science.287.5451.282 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 274ML UT WOS:000084769600032 PM 10634777 ER PT J AU Neuzil, CE AF Neuzil, CE TI Osmotic generation of 'anomalous' fluid pressures in geological environments SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PIERRE SHALE; MODEL; BASIN AB Osmotic pressures are generated by differences in chemical potential of a solution across a membrane. But whether osmosis can have a significant effect on the pressure of fluids in geological environments has been controversial, because the membrane properties of geological media are poorly understood(1). 'Anomalous' pressures-large departures from hydrostatic pressure that are not explicable in terms of topographic or fluid-density effects-are widely found in geological settings, and are commonly considered to result from processes that alter the pore or fluid volurne(2), which in turn implies crustal changes happening at a rate too slow to observe directly. Yet if osmosis can explain some anomalies, there is no need to invoke such dynamic geological processes in those cases, Here I report results of a nine-year in situ measurement of fluid pressures and solute concentrations in shale that are consistent with the generation of large (up to 20 MPa) osmotic-pressure anomalies which could persist for tens of millions of years. Osmotic pressures of this magnitude and duration can explain many of the pressure anomalies observed in geological settings. They require, however,small shale porosity and large contrasts in the amount of dissolved solids in the pore waters-criteria that may help to distinguish between osmotic and crustal-dynamic origins of anomalous pressures. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Neuzil, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 17 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 10 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 13 PY 2000 VL 403 IS 6766 BP 182 EP 184 DI 10.1038/35003174 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 275TB UT WOS:000084835300051 ER PT J AU Max, M Dillon, W AF Max, M Dillon, W TI Natural gas hydrate: a frozen asset? SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Article C1 LLC, Marine Desalinat Syst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US Geol Survey, Hydrate Res Programme, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Max, M (reprint author), LLC, Marine Desalinat Syst, Suite 302,1211 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PS, ENGLAND SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 IS 1 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 274TY UT WOS:000084782200017 ER PT J AU Hudson, MR John, DA Conrad, JE McKee, EH AF Hudson, MR John, DA Conrad, JE McKee, EH TI Style and age of late Oligocene-early Miocene deformation in the southern Stillwater Range, west central Nevada: Paleomagnetism, geochronology, and field relations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; EAST HUMBOLDT RANGE; DIXIE VALLEY REGION; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; TECTONIC ROTATION; GREAT-BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; TECTONOTHERMAL EVOLUTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB Paleomagnetic and geochronologic data combined with geologic mapping;tightly restrict the timing and character of a late Oligocene to early Miocene episode of large magnitude extension in the southern Stillwater Range and adjacent regions of west central Nevada. The southern Stillwater Range was the site of an Oligocene to early Miocene volcanic center comprising (1) 28.3 to 24.3 Ma intracaldera ash flow tuffs, lava flows, and subjacent plutons associated with three calderas, (2) 24.8 to 20.7 Ma postcaldera silicic dikes and domes, and (3) unconformably overlying 15.3 to 13.0 Ma dacite to basalt lava flows, plugs, and dikes. The caldera-related tuffs, lava flows, and plutons were tilted 60 degrees-70 degrees either west or east during the initial period of Cenozoic deformation that accommodated over 100% extension. Directions of remanent magnetization obtained from these extrusive and intrusive, caldera-related rocks are strongly deflected from an expected Miocene direction in senses appropriate for their tilt. A mean direction for these rocks after tilt correction, however, suggests that they were also affected by a moderate (33.4 degrees +/- 11.8 degrees) component of counterclockwise vertical axis rotation. Paleomagnetic data indicate that the episode of large tilting occurred during emplacement of 24.8 to 20.7 Ma postcaldera dikes and domes. In detail, an apparent decrease in rotation with decreasing age of individual, isotopically dated bodies of the postcaldera group indicates that most tilting occurred between 24.4 and 24.2 Ma. The onset of tilting immediately following after the final caldera eruptions suggests that the magmatism and deformation were linked. Deformation was not driven by magma buoyancy, however, because tilting equally affected the caldera systems of different ages, including their plutonic roots. It is more likely that regional extension was focused in the southern Stillwater Range due to magmatic warming and reduction of tensile strength of the brittle crust. Faults that accommodated deformation in the southern Stillwater Range initially dipped steeply and cut deeply to expose more than 9 km of crustal section. The exposed crustal sections are probably rotated blacks above an unexposed basal detachment that lay near the early Miocene brittle-ductile transition. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hudson, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 913, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mhudson@usgs.gov; djohn@mojave.wr.usgs.gov OI John, David/0000-0001-7977-9106 NR 91 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 105 IS B1 BP 929 EP 954 DI 10.1029/1999JB900338 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 273YR UT WOS:000084737400033 ER PT J AU Kirby, SH AF Kirby, SH TI Earth science - Taking the temperature of slabs SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FAULTS; ZONE C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM skirby@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 6 PY 2000 VL 403 IS 6765 BP 31 EP + DI 10.1038/47382 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 273BM UT WOS:000084687400026 ER PT B AU Miles, SB Keefer, DK Nyerges, TL AF Miles, SB Keefer, DK Nyerges, TL BE Heuvelink, GBM Lemmens, MJP TI A case study in GIS-based environmental model validation using earthquake-induced landslide hazard SO ACCURACY 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY JUL 12-14, 2000 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE validation; environmental modelling AB We present a case-study of validating a particular model of regional earthquake-induced landslide hazard using the common approach of comparing model output to empirical observations. We hope to illuminate several issues and obstacles with regards to model validation that have not been directly discussed in the validation literature. Issues of model integration with GIS, which have not been specifically related to model validation in the environmental modelling literature, are also raised. Based on the details of the case study, we argue that one cannot arrive at an absolute conclusion regarding the validity of a model by simply comparing model output to empirical observations. Model output may compare well simply because of a serendipitous combination of data and decisions. We argue that the adjective "valid" only has contextual meaning. It only applies to the network of relationships that emerge out of a particular decision-making context. Such a network includes decision-makers, stakeholders, and modellers, as well as, the study area, data, model performance, software, etc. Without this network, the process of validation and evaluation is meaningless. This process must be a social conversation among decision-makers, stakeholders, and modellers in order to assess model usefulness and establish trust in the network. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Geog, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Miles, SB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Geog, US Geol Survey, Box 353550, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU DELFT UNIV PRESS DUP SCI PI 2628 CZ DELFT PA P.O. BOX 98 PROMETHEUSPLEIN 1, 2628 CZ DELFT, NETHERLANDS BN 90-407-2085-1 PY 2000 BP 481 EP 492 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BU92Z UT WOS:000177422100074 ER PT B AU Stanislawski, LV AF Stanislawski, LV BE Heuvelink, GBM Lemmens, MJP TI Mapping positional accuracy of geographic information system data layers through error propagation SO ACCURACY 2000, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY JUL 12-14, 2000 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS DE accuracy assessment of source data; error propagation; positional uncertainty ID FEATURES; GIS AB Growing dependency on geographic information system (GIS) technology and data has generated reasonable concern about the accuracy of geospatial data and GIS analyses. Various techniques have been presented, but few furnish mapping functions for horizontal positional accuracy that can be transferred between data layers. Mapping functions for determining the horizontal positional accuracy of a GIS data layer were developed using a general least squares adjustment for a transformation model in conjunction with error propagation. Accuracy estimates determined with this approach can be derived entirely from empirical data without deduction. Global systematic error of the data layer is estimated through this approach, and it can be removed to improve the accuracy of the layer. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Mapping Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Stanislawski, LV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Mapping Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1400 Independence Rd, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DELFT UNIV PRESS DUP SCI PI 2628 CZ DELFT PA P.O. BOX 98 PROMETHEUSPLEIN 1, 2628 CZ DELFT, NETHERLANDS BN 90-407-2085-1 PY 2000 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BU92Z UT WOS:000177422100090 ER PT B AU Reddy, MM Hoch, AR AF Reddy, MM Hoch, AR BE Amjad, Z TI Calcite crystal growth rate inhibition by aquatic humic substances SO ADVANCES IN CRYSTAL GROWTH INHIBITION TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Crystal Growth Inhibition Technologies at the 218th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Colloid & Surface Chem ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PRECIPITATION KINETICS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; MERCURIC SULFIDE; CARBONATE; ACIDS; 25-DEGREES-C; ARAGONITE; PHOSPHATE; SEAWATER AB Calcium carbonate crystallization is an important process in numerous terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, calcium carbonate scale formation on heat transfer surfaces is an important industrial problem. Humic substances, which are ubiquitous in natural waters, often reduce or inhibit calcite crystal growth and may, therefore, have application in scale prevention. This study quantifies and interprets calcite crystal growth rate reduction due to humic substance fractions isolated from surface water. We conducted calcite growth experiments at constant pH (8.5), temperature (25 degreesC), supersaturation (Sigma = 4.5). P-CO2 (10(-3.5) atm), and ionic strength (0.1 M KNO3) with various concentrations of natural organic acid isolates. Plant-derived aquatic hydrophobic acids from the Everglades were effective growth inhibitors. Organic acid molecular weight correlated with growth inhibition as did aromaticity, aliphatic content and heteroatom content; however, carboxyl content did not. Growth inhibition over a range of organic inhibitor concentrations for Everglades' samples is consistent with a Langmuir adsorption mechanism blocking growth sites on the calcite surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reddy, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46499-3 PY 2000 BP 107 EP 121 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA BR72Y UT WOS:000167337300008 ER PT S AU Storey, J Choate, M AF Storey, J Choate, M BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Landsat 7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Landsat 7; geometric calibration; geodetic accuracy; band registration; image registration AB The Landsat 7 Image Assessment System was developed to characterize and calibrate the radiometric and geometric performance of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument. Algorithms and software assess the geometric performance of the Landsat 7 spacecraft and ETM+ sensor system and perform geometric calibration by estimating sensor and spacecraft geometric parameters. Following the initial on-orbit calibration, performed during the Landsat 7 on-orbit initialization and verification period, all geometric performance goals were met. Geometric characterization and calibration activities will continue for the life of the Landsat 7 mission. C1 Raytheon Co, EROS Data Ctr, USGS, ITSS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Storey, J (reprint author), Raytheon Co, EROS Data Ctr, USGS, ITSS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3675-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4049 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.410335 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ82H UT WOS:000089706600012 ER PT S AU Jones, B Dix, L AF Jones, B Dix, L BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Landsat 7 processing on the EROS Data Center's National Land Archive Processing System (NLAPS) SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE landsat 7; NLAPS; accuracy AB Staff at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC) process Landsat 7 data for customer distribution on two distinct systems. The Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) processing is done on the Level -1 Product Generation System (LPGS), and the USGS processing is completed on the National Land Archive Processing System (NLAPS). The NLAPS is capable of processing data from Landsat 1-5 and 7 and SPOT 1-3. The data can be processed with correction levels ranging from Level-0 raw data to terrain-corrected precision products in a variety of output formats. The NLAPS processing system requires that different ordering procedures be used for standard recipe versus special order processing, and it makes available many processing and framing options. The NLAPS draws on a ground control point library whose sources range from paper maps to textual descriptions and registered source imagery, such as digital orthophoto quadrangles. The accuracy of the final products will vary depending on the level of correction applied and the source of the ground control points used for the precision corrections. An accuracy assessment of the LPGS systematic product versus the NLAPS systematic product demonstrates that both systems provide the same geometric and radiometric accuracy in systematically corrected products. C1 EROS Data Ctr, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), EROS Data Ctr, USGS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3675-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4049 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.410355 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ82H UT WOS:000089706600030 ER PT S AU Lemeshewsky, GP Schowengerdt, RA AF Lemeshewsky, GP Schowengerdt, RA BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Multispectral image sharpening using wavelet transform techniques and spatial correlation of edges SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE image sharpening; edge correlation; shift-invariant wavelet transform; NIR ID FUSION; DECOMPOSITION; ALGORITHMS AB Several reported image fusion or sharpening techniques are based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The technique described here uses a pixel-based maximum selection rule to combine respective transform coefficients of lower spatial resolution near-infrared (NIR) and higher spatial resolution panchromatic (pan) imagery to produce a sharpened NIR image. Sharpening assumes a radiometric correlation between the spectral band images. However, there can be poor correlation, including edge contrast reversals (e.g., at soil-vegetation boundaries), between the fused images and, consequently, degraded performance. To improve sharpening, a local area-based correlation technique originally reported for edge comparison with image pyramid fusion is modified for application with the DWT process. Further improvements are obtained by using redundant, shift-invariant implementation of the DWT. Example images demonstrate the improvements in NIR image sharpening with higher resolution pan imagery. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lemeshewsky, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3675-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4049 BP 522 EP 531 DI 10.1117/12.410376 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ82H UT WOS:000089706600049 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J AF Pojeta, J TI Cambrian Pelecypoda (Mollusca) SO AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Look at Old Molluscs: Recent Perspectives of Molluscan Evolution CY JUL 04, 1999 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Malacol Soc DE Cambrian; Pelecypoda; Brachiopoda; Fordilla; Pojetaia; Mollusca; bivalves ID NEW-ZEALAND; DIVERSIFICATION; ORDOVICIAN; BIVALVES; ORIGIN AB The record of Cambrian bivalved organisms that have been placed in the Mollusca includes undoubted pelecypods and other bivalved shells. This record is reviewed herein. Additional topotype material of Delgado's (1904, Communicacoes da Commissao do Service Geologico de Portugal 5:307-374) Lower Cambrian specimens from Portugal shows that they are distorted brachiopods. Restudy of Zhang's (1980a, Bulletin Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Series 8, 1:1-19; 1980b, 26th International Geological Congress 4:121-129) type specimens from the Lower Cambrian of China shows that most of them are also brachiopods. New specimens of Tuarangia MacKinnon indicate that this genus is a Middle-Upper Cambrian pelecypod. C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pojeta, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MALACOLOGICAL SOC, INC PI WILMINGTON PA DELAWARE MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, BOX 3937, WILMINGTON, DE 19807-0937 USA SN 0740-2783 J9 AM MALACOL BULL JI Am. Malacol. Bull. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 393QF UT WOS:000166480600005 ER PT J AU Osborn, RG Higgins, KF Usgaard, RE Dieter, CD Neiger, RD AF Osborn, RG Higgins, KF Usgaard, RE Dieter, CD Neiger, RD TI Bird mortality associated with wind turbines at the Buffalo Ridge wind resource area, Minnesota SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SONGBIRD CARCASSES AB Recent technological advances hale made and power a viable source of alternative energy production and the number of windplant facilities has increased in the United States. Construction was completed on a 73 turbine, 25 megawatt windplant on Buffalo Ridge near Lake Benton, Minnesota in Spring 1994. The number of birds killed at existing windplants in California caused concern about the potential impacts of the Buffalo Ridge facility on the arian community. From April 1994 through Dec. 1995 we searched the Buffalo Ridge windplant site for dead birds. Additionally, we evaluated search efficiency, predator scavenging rates and rate of carcass decomposition. During 20 mo of monitoring we found 12 dead birds. Collisions with wind turbines were suspected for 8 of the 12 birds. During observer efficiency trials searchers found 78.8% of carcasses. Scavengers removed 39.5% of carcasses during scavenging trials. All carcasses remained recognizable during 7 d decomposition trials. After correction for biases we estimated that approximately 36 +/- 12 birds (<1 dead bird per turbine) were killed at the Buffalo Ridge windplant in 1 y. Although windplants do not appear to be more detrimental to birds than other man-made structures, proper facility siting is an important first consideration in ol der to avoid unnecessary fatalities. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Biol Resources Div, USGS, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Pheasants Forever, St Paul, MN 55175 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Osborn, RG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 143 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0041:BMAWWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273CW UT WOS:000084690600003 ER PT J AU Khym, JR Layzer, JB AF Khym, JR Layzer, JB TI Host fish suitability for glochidia of Ligumia recta SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RIVER; UNIONIDAE AB In the early 1900s several hosts were identified for the black sandshell Ligumia recta. Recent attempts to propagate juvenile L. recta with two of the reported hosts (bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) have produced inconsistent results and few juveniles. We conducted this study to determine which of the reported hosts or other Ash hosts were the most suitable for glochidial metamorphosis. The duration of glochidial metamorphosis varied among seasons. Despite similar water temperatures, juveniles metamorphosed sooner and over a shelter period of time in the spring than early fall; the modal day of metamorphosis differed by 78 d. Relatively few juveniles were recovered from bluegill and largemouth bass in three trials. White crappie Pomoxis annularis and black crappie P. nigromaculatus were marginally suitable hosts. Although glochidia. encysted on all hosts, >10x more juveniles metamorphosed on sauger Stitzostedion canadense compared to other hosts tested. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Khym, JR (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, POB 5114, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 143 IS 1 BP 178 EP 184 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2000)143[0178:HFSFGO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273CW UT WOS:000084690600014 ER PT S AU LeNoir, J Aston, L Data, S Fellers, G McConnell, L Sieber, J AF LeNoir, J Aston, L Data, S Fellers, G McConnell, L Sieber, J BE Keith, LH JonesLepp, TL Needham, LL TI Environmental exposures to agrochemicals in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range SO ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CANYON-NATIONAL-PARKS; USE PESTICIDES; NATIVE FROG; CALIFORNIA; AMPHIBIANS; MUSCOSA; POPULATIONS; ENDOSULFAN; DEPOSITION; TADPOLES AB The release of pesticides into the environment may impact human and environmental health. Despite the need for environmental exposure data, few studies quantify exposures in urban areas and even fewer determine exposures to wildlife in remote areas. Although it is expected that concentrations in remote regions will be low, recent studies suggest that even low concentrations may have deleterious effects on wildlife. Many pesticides are known to interfere with the endocrine systems of humans and wildlife, adversely affecting growth, development, and behavior. This chapter reviews the fate and transport of pesticides applied in the Central Valley of California and quantifies their subsequent deposition into the relatively pristine Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. C1 Univ Nevada, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Pacific Toxicol Labs, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. USDA ARS, ECL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Geol Survey, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP LeNoir, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Mail Stop 199, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3650-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 747 BP 53 EP 72 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BT14D UT WOS:000172068100005 ER PT S AU Barber, LB Brown, GK Zaugg, SD AF Barber, LB Brown, GK Zaugg, SD BE Keith, LH JonesLepp, TL Needham, LL TI Potential endocrine disrupting organic chemicals in treated municipal wastewater and river water SO ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn Co, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALKYLPHENOL POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; TRACE ANALYSIS; STW EFFLUENT AB Select endocrine disrupting organic chemicals were measured in treated wastewater from Chicago, IL, Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN, Detroit, MI, and Milwaukee, WI, and in the Des Plaines, Illinois, and Minnesota Rivers during the fall of 1997 and the spring of 1998. Emphasis was given to alkylphenolpolyethoxylate (APED) derived compounds, although 17-beta -estradiol, bisphenol A, caffeine, total organic carbon, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and other compounds also were measured. Contaminants were isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction (CLLE) with methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in full scan and selected ion monitoring modes. The extracts were derivatized to form the methyl esters of alkylphenolethoxycarboxylates (APEC), and EDTA was isolated by evaporation and derivatized to form the tetrapropyl ester. The mass spectra of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) compounds are complex and show variations among the different ethoxylate and carboxylate homologs, reflecting variations in the ethylene oxide chain length. Recoveries for target compounds and surrogate standards ranged from 20-130%, with relative standard deviations of 9.9-53%. Detection limits for the various compounds ranged from 0.06-0.35 mug/L. Analysis of the wastewater effluents detected a number of compounds including NP, NPEO, OP, OPEO, NPEC, caffeine, and EDTA at concentrations ranging from <1-439 mug/L, with EDTA and NPEC being most abundant. There was variability in compound distributions and concentrations between the various sewage treatment plants, indicating differences in treatment type and influent composition. Several wastewater-derived compounds were detected in the river samples, with EDTA and NPEC persisting for considerable distance downstream from wastewater discharges, and NP and NPEO being attenuated more rapidly. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Barber, LB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 56 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3650-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 747 BP 97 EP 123 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BT14D UT WOS:000172068100007 ER PT S AU Bishop, MP Kargel, JS Kieffer, HH MacKinnon, DJ Raup, BH Shroder, JF AF Bishop, MP Kargel, JS Kieffer, HH MacKinnon, DJ Raup, BH Shroder, JF BE Steffen, K TI Remote-sensing science and technology for studying glacier processes in high Asia SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 31, 2000 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Verification of Cryospheric Models CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, ETH, Univ Zurich, Schweizer Akad Nat Wissensch, Schweizer Stift Alphine Forsch HO SWISS FED INST TECHNOL ID ANISOTROPIC REFLECTANCE; HIMALAYAN; IMAGERY AB A large number of multispectral and stereo-image data are expected to become available as part of the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space project. We investigate digital elevation model extraction, anisotropic reflectance correction and selected glacier analysis tasks that must he developed to achieve full utility of these new data. Results indicate that glaciers in the Karakoram and Nanga Parbat Himalaya, northern Pakistan, exhibit unique spectral, spatial and geomorphometric patterns that can be exploited by Various models and algorithms to produce accurate information regarding glacier extent, supraglacial features and glacier geomorphology The integration of spectral, spatial and geomorphometric Features, coupled with approaches for advanced pattern recognition, can help geoscientists study glacier mass balance, glacier erosion, sediment-transfer efficiency and landscape evolution. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geog & Geol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bishop, MP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Geog & Geol, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-26-1 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2000 VL 31 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.3189/172756400781820147 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BR60H UT WOS:000166916600026 ER PT J AU Borgia, A Delaney, PT Denlinger, RP AF Borgia, A Delaney, PT Denlinger, RP TI Spreading volcanoes SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE volcano structure; earthquakes; deformation; spreading; landslides; flank instability ID VALLE-DEL-BOVE; KILAUEA VOLCANO; HAWAIIAN VOLCANOS; MAGELLAN DATA; SOUTH FLANK; COSTA-RICA; MOUNT ETNA; ERUPTION; FAILURE; DEFORMATION AB As volcanoes grow, they become ever heavier. Unlike mountains exhumed by erosion of rocks that generally were lithified at depth, volcanoes typically are built of poorly consolidated rocks that may be further weakened by hydrothermal alteration. The substrates upon which volcanoes rest, moreover, are often sediments lithified by no more than the weight of the volcanic overburden. It is not surprising, therefore, that volcanic deformation includes-and in the long term is often dominated by-spreading motions that translate subsidence near volcanic summits to outward horizontal displacements around the flanks and peripheries. We review examples of volcanic spreading and go on to derive approximate expressions for the time volcanoes require to deform by spreading on weak substrates. We also demonstrate that shear stresses that drive low-angle thrust faulting from beneath volcanic constructs have maxima at volcanic peripheries, just where such faults are seen to emerge. Finally, we establish a theoretical basis for experimentally derived scalings that delineate volcanoes that spread from those that do not. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Borgia, A (reprint author), Via Fioranello 31, I-00134 Rome, Italy. NR 51 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2000 VL 28 BP 539 EP 570 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.539 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 334HX UT WOS:000088182000018 ER PT J AU Henley, RW Berger, BR AF Henley, RW Berger, BR TI Self-ordering and complexity in epizonal, mineral deposits SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE chaos; gold; base metal; copper; porphyry; giant; feedback; hydrothermal ID FAULT-VALVE BEHAVIOR; PORPHYRY COPPER-DEPOSITS; NEW-ZEALAND; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; FLUID INCLUSION; FRACTAL SIMULATION; GRANITE INTRUSION; AUSTRALIA; ORGANIZATION AB Epizonal base and precious metal deposits makeup a range of familiar deposit styles including porphyry copper-gold, epithermal veins and stockworks, carbonate-replacement deposits, and polymetallic volcanic rock-hosted (VHMS) deposits. They occur along convergent plate margins and are invariably associated directly with active faults and volcanism. They are complex in form, variable in their characteristics at all scales, and highly localized in the earth's crust. More than a century of detailed research has provided an extensive base of observational data characterizing these deposits, from their regional setting to the fluid and isotope chemistry of mineral deposition. This has led to a broad understanding of the large-scale hydrothermal systems within which they form. Low salinity vapor, released by magma crystallization and dispersed into vigorously convecting groundwater systems, is recognized as a principal source of metals and the gases that control redox conditions within systems. The temperature and pressure of the ambient fluid anywhere within these systems is close to its vapor-liquid phase boundary, and mineral deposition is a consequence of short timescale perturbations generated by localized release of crustal stress. However, a review of occurrence data raises questions about ore formation that are not addressed by traditional genetic models. For example, what are the origins of banding in epithermal veins, and what controls the frequency of oscillatory lamination? What controls where the phenomenon of mineralization occurs, and why are some porphyry deposits, for example, so much larger than others? The distinctive, self-organized characteristics of epizonal deposits are shown to be the result of repetitive coupling of fracture dilation consequent on brittle failure, phase separation ("boiling"), and heat transfer between fluid and host rock. Process coupling substantially increases solute concentrations and triggers fast, far-from-equilibrium depositional processes. Since these coupled processes lead to localized transient changes in fluid characteristics, paragenetic, isotope, and fluid inclusion data relate to conditions at the site of deposition and only indirectly to the characteristics of the larger-scale hydrothermal system and its longer-term behavior. The metal concentrations (i.e. grade) of deposits and their internal variation is directly related to the geometry of the fracture array at the deposit scale, whereas finer-scale oscillatory fabrics in ores may be a result of molecular scale processes. Giant deposits are relatively rare and develop where efficient metal deposition is spatially focused by repetitive brittle failure in active fault arrays. Some brief case histories are provided for epithermal, replacement, and porphyry mineralization. These highlight how rock competency contrasts and feedback between processes, rather than any single component of a hydrothermal system, govern the size of individual deposits. In turn, the recognition of the probabilistic nature of mineralization provides a firmer foundation through which exploration investment and risk management decisions can be made. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Henley, RW (reprint author), 131 Poppet Rd, Wamboin, NSW 2620, Australia. NR 168 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2000 VL 28 BP 669 EP 719 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.669 PG 55 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 334HX UT WOS:000088182000021 ER PT J AU Brown, JG Bassett, RL Glynn, PD AF Brown, JG Bassett, RL Glynn, PD TI Reactive transport of metal contaminants in alluvium - model comparison and column simulation SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARIZONA AB A comparative assessment of two reactive-transport models, PHREEQC and HYDROGEOCHEM (HGC), was done to determine the suitability of each for simulating the movement of acidic contamination in alluvium. For simulations that accounted for aqueous complexation, precipitation and dissolution, the breakthrough and rinseout curves generated by each model were similar. The differences in simulated equilibrium concentrations between models were minor and were related to (1) different units in model output, (2) different activity coefficients, and (3) ionic-strength calculations. When adsorption processes were added to the models, the rinseout pH simulated by PHREEQC using the diffuse double-layer adsorption model rose to a pH of 6 after pore volume 15, about 1 pore volume later than the pH simulated by HGC using the constant-capacitance model. In PHREEQC simulation of a laboratory column experiment, the inability of the model to match measured outflow concentrations of selected constituents was related to the evident lack of local geochemical equilibrium in the column. The difference in timing and size of measured and simulated breakthrough of selected constituents indicated that the redox and adsorption reactions in the column occurred slowly when compared with the modeled reactions. MINTEQA2 and PHREEQC simulations of the column experiment indicated that the number of surface sites that took part in adsorption reactions was less than that estimated from the measured concentration of Fe hydroxide in the alluvium. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Brown, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00004-9 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252PT UT WOS:000083511900004 ER PT J AU Parker, CR AF Parker, CR TI Neophylax kolodskii (Trichoptera : Uenoidae), a new species from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO AQUATIC INSECTS LA English DT Article DE Trichoptera; Uenoidae; Neophylax kolodskii; new species; Great Smoky Mountains National Park AB Neophylax kolodskii sp. n. from Great Smoky Mountains National Park is described and illustrated from adult specimens. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Great Smokies Field Stn, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. RP Parker, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Great Smokies Field Stn, 1314 Cherokee Orchard Rd, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0424 J9 AQUAT INSECT JI Aquat. Insects PY 2000 VL 22 IS 4 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1076/0165-0424(200010)22:4;1-Y;FT271 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 353CQ UT WOS:000089256500004 ER PT J AU Cohen, JB Barclay, JS Major, AR Fisher, JP AF Cohen, JB Barclay, JS Major, AR Fisher, JP TI Wintering greater scaup as biomonitors of metal contamination in federal wildlife refuges in the Long Island region SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; HEAVY-METALS; DIVING DUCKS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; BIRDS AB Tissues of greater scaup (Aythya marila mariloides) and components of their habitat (sediment, plankton, macroalgae, and invertebrates) were collected for heavy metal analysis in the winter of 1996-97 from US Department of the Interior wildlife refuges in the Long Island region. Geographic and temporal relationships between the concentration of nine metals in tissue and in habitat components were examined. In greater scaup tissues and habitat components, concentrations of As and Se were highest in Branford, Connecticut; Pb values were greatest in Oyster Bay, New York; and Hg concentrations were largest in Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Over the course of the winter, the concentration of Hg in Liver increased, and concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, and Zn in kidney decreased. Based on several criteria derived from geographic and temporal trends, metals were ranked using the apparent biomonitoring efficacy of greater scaup (As = Cr > Cu = Pb = Zn = Hg > Se = Cd > Ni). Although the seasonal migration and daily mobility of greater scaup are drawbacks to using this species as a sentinel for metal pollution, it was possible to demonstrate a relationship between geographic and temporal patterns of metals in habitat and greater scaup tissue. However, most metal concentrations in tissue were below thresholds known to adversely affect health of waterfowl. C1 Univ Connecticut, Wildlife Conservat Res Ctr, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Pentec Environm, Edmond, WA USA. RP Cohen, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Froest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 259VN UT WOS:000083914800011 PM 10556375 ER PT J AU Elliott, JE Machmer, MM Wilson, LK Henny, CJ AF Elliott, JE Machmer, MM Wilson, LK Henny, CJ TI Contaminants in ospreys from the Pacific northwest: II. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury, 1991-1997 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GREAT-LAKES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; HALIAEETUS-LEUCOCEPHALUS; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON; BALD EAGLES; EGGS; CANADA AB Eggs of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) were collected over the period 1991 to 1997 at 111 nests in the Fraser and Columbia River drainage systems of British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Contents were analyzed for organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total mercury. Blood samples were taken from nestling ospreys at two time points during the 1992 breeding season on the Thompson River and analyzed for non-ortho PCBs. Concentrations of DDE and related compounds showed high variability among individual eggs within study areas and no significant differences in mean concentrations among study areas. Some eggs contained high concentrations of DDE, up to 20 mg/kg (wet weight), for which there were no evident local sources, suggesting that exposure occurred outside of the breeding grounds. Most other OC pesticides measured in osprey eggs showed a similar distribution, although mean concentrations of chlordane-related compounds were generally, and in some cases significantly, higher in samples collected from the Columbia River sites compared to elsewhere. Significantly greater concentrations of PCBs were found in eggs from the Columbia River basin compared to the Fraser. This was attributed to extensive development of hydroelectric generation and related industries on the Columbia system. Significant differences among sites were also found in the pattern of PCB congeners, e.g., eggs from the lower Columbia River site had proportionally greater concentrations of less chlorinated, Aroclor 1242-type PCBs compared to other sites. In contrast, eggs from upper reaches of the Columbia River had relatively greater amounts of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 congeners. Mercury concentrations in osprey eggs tended to be uniform among sites and comparable to those reported in the literature for ospreys nesting on naturally formed lakes and rivers. There were no significant temporal changes in mean concentrations of any of the measured compounds at sites monitored from 1991 to 1997. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. Pand Ecol Res, Ymir, BC V0G 2K0, Canada. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Elliott, JE (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, 5421 Robertson Rd,RR1, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 93 EP 106 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 259VN UT WOS:000083914800012 PM 10556376 ER PT J AU Trust, KA Rummel, KT Scheuhammer, AM Brisbin, IL Hooper, MJ AF Trust, KA Rummel, KT Scheuhammer, AM Brisbin, IL Hooper, MJ TI Contaminant exposure and biomarker responses in spectacled elders (Somateria fischeri) from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METAL; METALLOTHIONEIN CONCENTRATIONS; WESTERN ALASKA; SEABIRDS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; LEAD; EIDERS; CADMIUM AB Effects of chemical contaminant exposure may be contributing to the decline of spectacled elders (Somateria fischeri) nesting in coastal areas of western Alaska. We evaluated chemical exposure and potential effects in 20 male elders collected near St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Analytes included metals, trace elements, chlorinated organics, and (137)Cesium (Cs-137). Effects of contaminant exposure were evaluated using histopathology and biochemical measures of porphyrin profiles, cytochrome P450 activities, and metallothionein (MT) concentrations. Copper, cadmium, and selenium concentrations were elevated in spectacled elders when compared to literature values for other marine birds. Only a few samples had trace concentrations of chlorinated organic compounds. Muscle Cs-137 levels were all below the average minimum quantifiable concentration of 0.079 Bq/g. No histopathological lesions were associated with elevated contaminant concentrations in liver, kidney, or testes. Protoporphyrin was found in highest concentration in both the liver and kidneys, followed by coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin, respectively. Hepatic uroporphyrin concentrations correlated significantly to hepatic arsenic concentrations. Mean activities of hepatic EROD, MROD, BROD, and PROD were consistent with other avian species. Comparisons of cadmium/MT ratios from this study to published literature ratios in seven marine avian species suggest that, although adult male spectacled elders have elevated liver concentrations of certain MT-inducing metals, their MT concentrations are not as strongly induced as would be predicted based on Literature values. Despite elevated metal concentrations, the apparent good health of the St. Lawrence Island birds suggests that should these contaminants be a factor in population declines, they likely act by decreasing fecundity or survival of young rather than via direct health impacts on adult male spectacled elders. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Trust, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 605 W 4th Ave, Room G62, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES04696] NR 39 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 259VN UT WOS:000083914800013 PM 10556377 ER PT J AU Winger, PV Lasier, PJ White, DH Seginak, JT AF Winger, PV Lasier, PJ White, DH Seginak, JT TI Effects of contaminants in dredge material from the lower Savannah River SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; STRIPED BASS; PORE-WATER; TOXICITY; MERCURY; INCREASES; DIVERSION; ESTUARINE AB Contaminants entering aquatic systems from agricultural, industrial, and municipal activities are generally sequestered in bottom sediments. The environmental significance of contaminants associated with sediments dredged from Savannah Harbor, Georgia, USA, are unknown. To evaluate potential effects of contaminants in river sediments and sediments dredged and stored in upland disposal areas on fish and wildlife species, solid-phase sediment and sediment pore water from Front River, Back River, an unnamed Tidal Creek on Back River, and Middle River of the distributary system of the lower Savannah River were tested for toxicity using the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. In addition, bioaccumulation of metals from sediments collected from two dredge-disposal areas was determined using the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. Livers from green-winged teals (Anas crecca) and lesser yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) foraging in the dredge-spoil areas and raccoons (Procyon later) from the dredge-disposal/river area and an upland site were collected for metal analyses. Survival of H. azteca was not reduced in solid-phase sediment exposures, but was reduced in pore water from several locations receiving drainage from dodge-disposal areas. Basic water chemistry (ammonia, alkalinity, salinity) was responsible for the reduced survival at several sites, but PAHs, metals, and other unidentified factors were responsible at other sites. Metal residues in sediments from the Tidal Creek and Middle River reflected drainage or seepage from adjacent dredge-disposal areas, which could potentially reduce habitat quality in these areas. Trace metals increased in L. variegatus exposed in the laboratory to dredge-disposal sediments; As, Cu, Hg, Se, and Zn bioaccumulated to concentrations higher than those in the sediments. Certain metals (Cd, Hg, Mo, Se) were higher in livers of birds and raccoons than those in dredge-spoil sediments suggesting bioavailability. Cadmium, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se in livers from raccoons collected near the river and dredge-disposal areas were significantly higher than those of raccoons from the upland control site. Evidence of bioaccumulation from laboratory and field evaluations and concentrations in sediments from dredge-disposal areas and river channels demonstrated that some metals in the dredge-disposal areas are mobile and biologically available. Drainage from dredge-disposal areas may be impacting habitat quality in the river, and fish and wildlife that feed and nest in the disposal areas on the lower Savannah River may be at risk from metal contamination. C1 Univ Georgia, USGS Patuxent Wildllfe Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Winger, PV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, USGS Patuxent Wildllfe Res Ctr, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 259VN UT WOS:000083914800016 PM 10556380 ER PT J AU Heuer, K Tonnessen, KA Ingersoll, GP AF Heuer, K Tonnessen, KA Ingersoll, GP TI Comparison of precipitation chemistry in the Central Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE precipitation chemistry; snow; high-elevation ecosystems; nitrate; ammonium; sulfate; air pollution; National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network ID NIWOT-RIDGE; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM; RESPONSES; TRENDS AB Volume-weighted mean concentrations of nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and sulfate (SO42-) in precipitation were compared at high-elevation sites in Colorado from 1992 to 1997 to evaluate emission source areas to the east and west of the Rocky Mountains. Precipitation chemistry was measured by two sampling methods, the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) and snowpack surveys at maximum accumulation. Concentrations of NO3- and SO42- in winter precipitation were greater on the western slope of the Rockies, and concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ in summer precipitation were greater on the eastern slope. Summer concentrations in general were almost twice as high as winter concentrations. Seasonal weather patterns in combination with emission source areas help to explain these differences. This comparison shows that high-elevation ecosystems in Colorado are influenced by air pollution emission sources located on both sides of the Continental Divide. It also suggests that sources of nitrogen and sulfur located east of the Divide have a greater influence on precipitation chemistry in the Colorado Rockies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Heuer, K (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, POB 25287, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1713 EP 1722 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00430-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299JM UT WOS:000086195400006 ER PT J AU Pratt, TK AF Pratt, TK TI Evidence for a previously unrecognized species of owlet-nightjar SO AUK LA English DT Article AB I studied the systematic relationships of the three large owlet-nightjars (Ae gothelidae) to determine the taxonomic status of a fawn-colored lowland form currently classified as Aegotheles insignis tatei. I examined most of the existing specimens of A. i. insignis (n = 158) and A. crinifrons (n = 23) and all known specimens of A. i. tatei (n = 4). I also examined specimens of A. albertisi (n = 70), A. archboldi (n = 25), A. bennettii (n = 55), A. cristatus (n = 50), A. savesi (n = 1), and A. wallacii (n = 21). Aegotheles i. tatei was distinguishable from A. i. insignis and A. crinifrons by its small size and in seven plumage characters. Aegotheles i. tatei was further distinguishable from one or the other of these taxa by four additional characters. Unique among owlet-nightjars, A. i. tatei has the shortest tarsi, does not have recurved filamentous tips on its facial feathers, and has stiffer feathers on the auricular area and throat. My search of museums revealed two new specimens of A. i. tatei, expanding the known geographic range of this taxon 1,000 km eastward along the southern coast of Papua New Guinea from the upper Fly River to Nunumai, near the Ulamanu River. Unlike the montane A. i. insignis, A. i. tatei inhabits lowland forests where rivers emerge from foothills of the main cordillera. I propose that tatei be elevated to species status and that the name Starry Owlet-Nightjar be adopted based on the bird's markings. Aegotheles crinifrons, A. insignis, and A. tatei pass through a previously unrecognized but distinctive rufous juvenal plumage. These are the only owlet-nightjars known to exhibit this plumage, which calls for reexamination of generic limits within the Aegothelidae. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Pratt, TK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2000 VL 117 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0001:EFAPUS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 276WB UT WOS:000084900400001 ER PT J AU Golet, GH Kuletz, KJ Roby, DD Irons, DB AF Golet, GH Kuletz, KJ Roby, DD Irons, DB TI Adult prey choice affects chick growth and reproductive success in pigeon guillemots SO AUK LA English DT Article ID FOOD; ECOLOGY; ENERGETICS; SPECIALIZATION; CEPPHUS; PUFFINS; ALASKA; ISLAND; DIET AB Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) are diving seabirds that forage near shore and feed their chicks demersal and schooling fishes. During nine pears between 1979 and 1997, we studied chick diet, chick growth rate, and reproductive success of Pigeon Guillemots at Prince William Sound, Alaska, to determine factors limiting breeding populations. We found evidence for prey specialization among breeding pairs and detected differences in reproductive success between specialists and generalists. Pairs that specialized on particular prey types when foraging for their chicks fledged more chicks than those that generalized, apparently because they delivered larger individual prey items. Reproductive performance also varied among guillemot pairs as a function of the proportion of high-lipid schooling fishes fed to the chicks. Pairs that delivered primarily high-lipid fishes (Pacific sand lance [Ammodytes hexapterus] and Pacific herring [Clupea pallasii]) had higher overall reproductive success than pairs that delivered primarily low-lipid demersal fishes (e.g. sculpins, blennies, stichaeids, and pholidids) and gadids. The proportion of high-lipid fishes in the diet was positively related to chick growth, suggesting that piscivorous seabird chicks benefit from eating species with high-energy densities during development. The diet of Pigeon Guillemot chicks showed high annual variation from 1979 to 1997, presumably because of fluctuations in abundance of Pacific sand lance, a high-lipid schooling fish. Regression analyses suggest that the percent occurrence of high-lipid fishes in the diet affected chick growth rate at the population level. We conclude that Pigeon Guillemots benefit by specializing when selecting prey for their chicks, and that high-lipid schooling fishes enhance chide growth and reproductive success. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Golet, GH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM greg_golet@fws.gov NR 49 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2000 VL 117 IS 1 BP 82 EP 91 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0082:APCACG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 276WB UT WOS:000084900400009 ER PT J AU Stohlgren, TJ Owen, AJ Lee, M AF Stohlgren, TJ Owen, AJ Lee, M TI Monitoring shifts in plant diversity in response to climate change: a method for landscapes SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE exotic species; multi-scale vegetation sampling; plant diversity; species-environment relationships; vegetation ecotones ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; MOUNTAIN NATIONAL-PARK; SEQUOIA SEQUOIADENDRON-GIGANTEUM; GRASSLAND-SHRUBLAND ECOTONE; FOREST-TUNDRA ECOTONE; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; ECOLOGICAL DATA; VEGETATION AB Improved sampling designs are needed to detect, monitor, and predict plant migrations and plant diversity changes caused by climate change and other human activities. We propose a methodology based on multi-scale vegetation plots established across forest ecotones which provide baseline data on patterns of plant diversity, invasions of exotic plant species, and plant migrations at landscape scales in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We established forty two 1000-m(2) plots in relatively homogeneous forest types and the ecotones between them on 14 vegetation transects. We found that 64% of the variance in understory species distributions at landscape scales were described generally by gradients of elevation and under-canopy solar radiation. Superimposed on broad-scale climatic gradients are small-scale gradients characterized by patches of light, pockets of fertile soil, and zones of high soil moisture. Eighteen of the 42 plots contained at least one exotic species; monitoring exotic plant invasions provides a means to assess changes in native plant diversity and plant migrations. Plant species showed weak affinities to overstory vegetation types, with 43% of the plant species found in three or more vegetation types. Replicate transects along several environmental gradients may provide the means to monitor plant diversity and species migrations at landscape scales because: (1) ecotones may play crucial roles in expanding the geophysiological ranges of many plant species; (2) low affinities of understory species to overstory forest types may predispose vegetation types to be resilient to rapid environmental change; and (3) ecotones may help buffer plant species from extirpation and extinction. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 76 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 36 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 65 EP 86 DI 10.1023/A:1008995726486 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301RD UT WOS:000086323300005 ER PT J AU Rustad, LE Huntington, TG Boone, RD AF Rustad, LE Huntington, TG Boone, RD TI Controls on soil respiration: Implications for climate change SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS FLUXES; CO2 EVOLUTION; FOREST SOIL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEMS C1 US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Rustad, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 47 TC 175 Z9 234 U1 6 U2 69 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1023/A:1006255431298 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 257WF UT WOS:000083804900001 ER PT J AU McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Randerson, JT Parton, WJ Heimann, M Meier, RA Clein, JS Kicklighter, DW Sauf, W AF McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Randerson, JT Parton, WJ Heimann, M Meier, RA Clein, JS Kicklighter, DW Sauf, W TI Modeling the effects of snowpack on heterotrophic respiration across northern temperate and high latitude regions: Comparison with measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide in high latitudes SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; ecological modeling; global carbon cycle; heterotrophic respiration; net ecosystem production ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SEASONAL CYCLE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CO2; SOILS; WINTER AB Simulations by global terrestrial biogeochemical models (TBMs) consistently underestimate the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) at high latitude monitoring stations during the non-growing season. We hypothesized that heterotrophic respiration is underestimated during the nongrowing season primarily because TBMs do not generally consider the insulative effects of snowpack on soil temperature. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared the performance of baseline and modified versions of three TBMs in simulating the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO(2) at high latitude CO(2) monitoring stations; the modified version maintained soil temperature at 0 degrees C when modeled snowpack was present. The three TBMs include the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA), Century, and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). In comparison with the baseline simulation of each model, the snowpack simulations caused higher releases of CO(2) between November and March and greater uptake of CO(2) between June and August for latitudes north of 30 degrees N. We coupled the monthly estimates of CO(2) exchange, the seasonal carbon dioxide flux fields generated by the HAMOCC3 seasonal ocean carbon cycle model, and fossil fuel source fields derived from standard sources to the three-dimensional atmospheric transport model TM2 forced by observed winds to simulate the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO(2) at each of seven high latitude monitoring stations. In comparison to the CO(2) concentrations simulated with the baseline fluxes of each TBM, concentrations simulated using the snowpack fluxes are generally in better agreement with observed concentrations between August and March at each of the monitoring stations. Thus, representation of the insulative effects of snowpack in TBMs generally improves simulation of atmospheric CO(2) concentrations in high latitudes during both the late growing season and nongrowing season. These simulations highlight the global importance of biogeochemical processes during the nongrowing season in estimating carbon balance of ecosystems in northern high and temperate latitudes. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McGuire, AD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016 OI Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 NR 63 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JAN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 BP 91 EP 114 DI 10.1023/A:1006286804351 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 257WF UT WOS:000083804900006 ER PT J AU Kennedy, WJ Landman, NH Cobban, WA Scott, GR AF Kennedy, WJ Landman, NH Cobban, WA Scott, GR TI Late Campanian (Cretaceous) heteromorph ammonites from the Western Interior of the United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Review ID EASTERN DESERT AB Heteromorph ammonites of the families Nostoceratidae Hyatt, 1894, and diplomoceratidae Spath, 1926, are common to abundant in sediments deposited in the western and central parts of the U.S. Western Interior Seaway during the early late Campanian. The indices of the successive zones of Didymoceras nebrascense (Meek and Hayden, 1856a) (oldest), Didymoceras stevensoni (Whitfield, 1877), Exiteloceras jenneyi camacki, n. subsp., Exiteloceras jenneyi jenneyi (Whitfield, 1877), and Didymoceras cheyennense (Meek and Hayden, 1856a) are revised, as are Nostoceras monotuberculatum Kennedy and Cobban, 1993a (D. nebrascense and D. stevensoni zones), Oxybeloceras crassum (Whitfield, 1877) (D. stevensoni and E. jenneyi zones), and Spiroxybeloceras meekanum (Whitfield, 1877) (D. cheyennense zone). Solenoceras elegans, n. sp. (D. stevensoni and E. jenneyi zones), Solenoceras bearpawense, n. sp. (D. nebrascense zone), and Solenoceras larimerense, n. sp. (E. jenneyi zone) are also described. C1 Geol Collect Univ Museum, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kennedy, WJ (reprint author), Geol Collect Univ Museum, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. NR 117 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 USA SN 0003-0090 J9 B AM MUS NAT HIST JI Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. PY 2000 IS 251 BP 3 EP 88 PG 86 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303HA UT WOS:000086415400001 ER PT J AU Moran, SC Zimbelman, DR Malone, SD AF Moran, SC Zimbelman, DR Malone, SD TI A model for the magmatic-hydrothermal system at Mount Rainier, Washington, from seismic and geochemical observations SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mount Rainier; seismicity; geochemistry; magmatic-hydrothermal system model; volcano monitoring ID VELOCITY STRUCTURE; VOLCANO; LOCATION AB Mount Rainier is one of the most seismically active volcanoes in the Cascade Range, with an average of one to two high-frequency volcano-tectonic (or VT) earthquakes occurring directly beneath the summit in a given month. Despite this level of seismicity, little is known about its cause. The VT earthquakes occur at a steady rate in several clusters below the inferred base of the Quaternary volcanic edifice. More than half of 18 focal mechanisms determined for these events are normal, and most stress axes deviate significantly from the regional stress field. We argue that these characteristics are most consistent with earthquakes in response to processes associated with circulation of fluids and magmatic gases within and below the base of the edifice. Circulation of these fluids and gases has weakened rock and reduced effective stress to the point that gravity-induced brittle fracture, due to the weight of the overlying edifice, can occur. Results from seismic tomography and rock, water, and gas geochemistry studies support this interpretation. We combine constraints from these studies into a model for the magmatic system that includes a large volume of hot rock (temperatures greater than the brittle-ductile transition) with small pockets of melt and/or hot fluids at depths of 8-18 km below the summit. We infer that fluids and heat from this volume reach the edifice via a narrow conduit, resulting in fumarolic activity at the summit, hydrothermal alteration of the edifice, and seismicity. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Moran, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 7 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1007/PL00008909 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 277NK UT WOS:000084939500001 ER PT J AU Clague, DA Davis, AS Bischoff, JL Dixon, JE Geyer, R AF Clague, DA Davis, AS Bischoff, JL Dixon, JE Geyer, R TI Lava bubble-wall fragments formed by submarine hydrovolcanic: explosions on L(o)over-bar'ihi Seamount and Kilauea Volcano SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lava bubble-wall fragments; L(o)over-bar'ihi Seamount; Kilauea Volcano ID LOIHI SEAMOUNT; HAWAII; WATER; RIDGE; LIQUIDS; BASALTS; CARBON; NACL AB Glassy bubble-wall fragments, morphologically similar to littoral limu o Pele, have been found in volcanic sands erupted on Lo'ihi Seamount and along the submarine east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano. The limu o Pele fragments are undegassed with respect to H2O and S and formed by mild steam explosions. Angular glass sand fragments apparently form at similar, and greater, depths by cooling-contraction granulation. The limu o Pele fragments from Lo'ihi Seamount are dominantly tholeiitic basalt containing 6.25-7.25% MgO. None of the limu o Pele samples from Lo'ihi Seamount contains less than 5.57% MgO, suggesting that higher viscosity magmas do not form lava bubbles. The dissolved CO2 and H2O contents of 7 of the limu o Pele fragments indicate eruption at 1200+/-300m depth (120+/-30 bar). These pressures exceed that generally thought to limit steam explosions. We conclude that hydrovolcanic eruptions are possible, with appropriate pre-mixing conditions, at pressures as great as 120 bar. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Clague, DA (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RI Dixon, Jacqueline/B-5340-2012 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 7 BP 437 EP 449 DI 10.1007/PL00008910 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 277NK UT WOS:000084939500002 ER PT J AU Johnson, DJ Sigmundsson, F Delaney, PT AF Johnson, DJ Sigmundsson, F Delaney, PT TI Comment on "Volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano" by P. T. Delaney and D. F. McTigue SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mogi; dislocations; deformation; magma compressibility; Kilauea; gravity variations ID TEMPORAL GRAVITY; MOUNT ETNA; HAWAII AB In volcanoes that store a significant quantity of magma within a subsurface summit reservoir, such as Kilauea, bulk compression of stored magma is an important mode of deformation. Accumulation of magma is also accompanied by crustal deformation, usually manifested at the surface as uplift. These two modes of deformation - bulk compression of resident magma and deformation of the volcanic edifice - act in concert to accommodate the volume of newly added magma. During deflation, the processes reverse and reservoir magma undergoes bulk decompression, the chamber contracts, and the ground surface subsides. Because magma compression plays a role in creating subsurface volume to accommodate magma, magma budget estimates that are derived from surface uplift observations without consideration of magma compression will underestimate actual magma volume changes. C1 Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Nord Volcanol Inst, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Johnson, DJ (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. RI Sigmundsson, Freysteinn/F-7160-2015 OI Sigmundsson, Freysteinn/0000-0001-9052-4665 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 7 BP 491 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s004450050006 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 277NK UT WOS:000084939500006 ER PT S AU Hill, MC D'Agnese, FA Faunt, CC AF Hill, MC D'Agnese, FA Faunt, CC BE Stauffer, F Kinzelbach, W Kovar, K Hoehn, E TI Guidelines for model calibration and application to flow simulation in the Death Valley regional groundwater system SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 1999 Conference CY SEP, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Int Technol, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Engn & Res, Comm Groundwater Hydraul AB Fourteen guidelines are described which are intended to produce calibrated groundwater models likely to represent the associated real systems more accurately than typically used methods. The 14 guidelines are discussed in the context of the calibration of a regional groundwater flow model of the Death Valley region in the Southwestern United States. This groundwater flow system contains two sites of national significance from which the subsurface transport of contaminants could be or is of concern: Yucca Mountain, which is the potential site of the United States high-level nuclear-waste disposal; and the Nevada Test Site, which contains a number of underground nuclear-testing locations. This application of the guidelines demonstrates how they may be used for model calibration and evaluation, and also to direct further model development and data collection. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-36-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 265 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT63M UT WOS:000173564800029 ER PT S AU Mehl, S Hill, MC AF Mehl, S Hill, MC BE Stauffer, F Kinzelbach, W Kovar, K Hoehn, E TI A comparison of solute-transport solution techniques based on inverse modelling results SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 1999 Conference CY SEP, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Int Technol, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Engn & Res, Comm Groundwater Hydraul ID CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW AB Five common numerical techniques (finite difference, predictor-corrector, total-variation-diminishing, method-of-characteristics, and modified-method-of-characteristics) were tested using simulations of a controlled conservative tracer-test experiment through a heterogeneous, two-dimensional sand tank. The experimental facility was constructed using randomly distributed homogeneous blocks of five sand types. This experimental model provides an outstanding opportunity to compare the solution techniques because of the heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution of known structure, and the availability of detailed measurements with which to compare simulated concentrations. The present work uses this opportunity to investigate how three common types of results-simulated breakthrough curves, sensitivity analysis, and calibrated parameter values-change in this heterogeneous situation, given the different methods of simulating solute transport. The results show that simulated peak concentrations, even at very fine grid spacings, varied because of different amounts of numerical dispersion. Sensitivity analysis results were robust in that they were independent of the solution technique. They revealed extreme correlation between hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and that the breakthrough curve data did not provide enough information about the dispersivities to estimate individual values for the five sands. However, estimated hydraulic conductivity values are significantly influenced by both the large possible variations in model dispersion and the amount of numerical dispersion present in the solution technique. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-36-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 265 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT63M UT WOS:000173564800030 ER PT S AU Barth, GR Hill, MC Illangasekare, TH Rajaram, H AF Barth, GR Hill, MC Illangasekare, TH Rajaram, H BE Stauffer, F Kinzelbach, W Kovar, K Hoehn, E TI Predictive modelling of flow in a two-dimensional intermediate-scale, heterogeneous porous media SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 1999 Conference CY SEP, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Int Technol, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Engn & Res, Comm Groundwater Hydraul AB To better understand the role of sedimentary structures in flow through porous media, and to determine how small-scale laboratory-measured values of hydraulic conductivity relate to in situ values this work deterministically examines flow through simple, artificial structures constructed for a series of intermediate-scale (10 in long), two-dimensional, heterogeneous, laboratory experiments. Nonlinear regression was used to determine optimal values of in situ hydraulic conductivity, which were compared to laboratory-measured values. Despite explicit numerical representation of the heterogeneity, the optimized values were generally greater than the laboratory-measured values. Discrepancies between measured and optimal values varied depending on the sand sieve size, but their contribution to error in the predicted flow was fairly consistent for all sands. Results indicate that, even under these controlled circumstances, laboratory-measured values of hydraulic conductivity need to be applied to models cautiously. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Barth, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-36-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 265 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT63M UT WOS:000173564800038 ER PT J AU Robards, M Gilchrist, HG Allard, K AF Robards, M Gilchrist, HG Allard, K TI Breeding Atlantic Puffins, Fractercula arctica, and other bird species of Coburg Island, Nunavut SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Puffin; Fratercula arctica; Coburg Island; Northwater Polynya; breeding range; Nunavut; Canada ID NORTHEAST WATER POLYNYA AB Coburg Island and neighbouring waters were recently designated a Canadian National Wildlife Area. The large seabird colony at Cambridge Point has been previously described, and is dominated by Thick-billed Murres (160 000 pairs). We found that a small offshore island, named Princess Charlotte Monument, also supported breeding populations of seven marine bird species; three of which did not breed at the main colony (i.e., Northern Fulmar, Common Elder, and Atlantic Puffin). This is the most northern confirmed breeding site for Atlantic Puffins in Canada. Puffins at both Coburg Island and northern Greenland nest in rock crevices, apparently because permafrost in soil prevents burrow nesting. We suggest that puffin populations in the high arctic may be limited by habitat, rather than prey availability. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. RP Robards, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99510 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 114 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297VU UT WOS:000086104000007 ER PT J AU Chick, JH Van den Avyle, MJ AF Chick, JH Van den Avyle, MJ TI Effects of feeding ration on larval swimming speed and responsiveness to predator attacks: implications for cohort survival SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; STRIPED BASS; ALTERNATIVE PREY; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SIZE; RECRUITMENT; MODEL; VULNERABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; ONTOGENY AB We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the effects of feeding ration on the routine swimming speed of larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and their responsiveness to simulated-predator attacks. Striped bass were reared in low (7 prey.L-1), medium (354 prey.L-1), or high (740 prey.L-1) prey treatments from age 4 to 14 days posthatch. Larvae reared in the low-prey treatment had slower routine swimming speeds and shorter reactive distances and were less responsive to simulated-predator attacks. These differences were most pronounced after age 10 and appeared to be an effect of deteriorating larval condition rather than an effect of size. Simulation models were constructed for two potential fish predators, Alosa aestivalis and Pomoxis nigromaculatus, to examine how variation in growth rate, swimming speed, and responsiveness to predator attacks might influence mortality rate. Our simulations predicted that cohort mortality rate would decrease with increasing larval growth rates, even though faster routine swimming speed and growth rate increased encounter rates with predators. The influence of larval growth rate and responsiveness on mortality rate varied between the two predators, but cohorts experiencing no growth always had the greatest mortality rate. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Div Biol Resources, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Chick, JH (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Univ Pk, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 57 IS 1 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1139/cjfas-57-1-106 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 276GY UT WOS:000084870600012 ER PT J AU Plissner, JH Haig, SM AF Plissner, JH Haig, SM TI Status of a broadly distributed endangered species: results and implications of the second International Piping Plover Census SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY PLANS; ACT AB Methods for monitoring progress toward recovery goals are highly variable and may be problematic for endangered species that are mobile and widely distributed. Recovery objectives for Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) include attainment of minimum population sizes within specified recovery units, as determined by two U.S. and two Canadian recovery teams. To assess progress toward these goals, complete surveys of the species' winter and breeding ranges in Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Bahamas, and the Greater Antilles are conducted every 5 years. In 1996, 1200 biologists and volunteers participated in the second International Piping Plover Census, tallying 2515 wintering birds and 5913 adults (2668 breeding pairs) during the breeding census. Winter numbers were 27% lower than those of the first international census conducted in 1991, with substantially fewer wintering birds along the Gulf of Mexico and an overall increase in numbers along the Atlantic Coast. Large numbers of wintering plovers remain undetected. In 1996, the total number of breeding adults was 7.7% higher than in 1991. Regionally, breeding numbers were 31% higher along the Atlantic Coast and 20% higher in the small Great Lakes population, but declined by 5% in the U.S. Great Plains and the Canadian Prairie. Target recovery numbers were met only for Saskatchewan but were approached in Alberta and New England. The results suggest that Piping Plover distribution and habitat use in the U.S. Great Plains/Canadian Prairie region may shift dramatically with water conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1139/cjz-78-1-128 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 290QD UT WOS:000085686400012 ER PT J AU Miranda-Castro, L Puente-Rolon, AR Vega-Castillo, S AF Miranda-Castro, L Puente-Rolon, AR Vega-Castillo, S TI First list of the vertebrates of Los Tres Picachos State Forest, Puerto Rico, with data on relative abundance and altitudinal distribution SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Located in the Central Mountains, Los Tres Picachos Forest is the latest addition to the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources network of state managed forests. To protect and adequately manage this valuable ecosystem, basic information on species presence, abundance, and distribution is needed. We present the first comprehensive list of vertebrate species for this forest. We also present data on distribution and abundance based on 27 visits made from April 1997 to May 1999. We observed and identified 7 fish, 9 amphibians, 11 reptiles, 72 birds and 6 mammal species. The importance of adequately protecting and managing this tropical montane ecosystem is discussed. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Miranda-Castro, L (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 491, Boqueron, PR 00622 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 407BT UT WOS:000167252100011 ER PT B AU Landmeyer, JE AF Landmeyer, JE BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Gibbs, JT Means, JL TI MTBE and BTEX in trees above gasoline-contaminated ground water SO CASE STUDIES IN THE REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID ABSORPTION; ROOTS; BARLEY AB The fuel oxygenate compound methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the conventional gasoline compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the isomers of xylene and trimethylbenzene were detected and identified using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods in core material of mature live oak trees (Quercus virginiana) located above a gasoline-contaminated shallow aquifer. Conversely, these gasoline compounds were not detected in core material of oaks located outside of the gasoline plume. This detection of gasoline compounds in trees at a contaminated field site is important, particularly for the more soluble and less biodegradable compounds MTBE and benzene, because it provides unequivocal field evidence that trees can act as sinks to remove contaminants from ground-water systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Landmeyer, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-101-9 PY 2000 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65T UT WOS:000167102000003 ER PT B AU Naftz, DL Fuller, CC Davis, JA Piana, MJ Morrison, SJ Freethey, GW Rowland, RC AF Naftz, DL Fuller, CC Davis, JA Piana, MJ Morrison, SJ Freethey, GW Rowland, RC BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Chen, ASC TI Field demonstration of permeable reactive barriers to control uranium contamination in ground water SO CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND REACTIVE BARRIERS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB Three permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) were installed near Fry Canyon, Utah, in August 1997. The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate the use of PRBs to control the migration of uranium (U) in ground water. A funnel and gate design was used to construct the three PRBs which consist of (1) bone-char phosphate (PO4), (2) zero-valent iron (ZVI) pellets, and (3) amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide (AFO). During the first 28 months of PRE operation (September 1997 through December 1999), the ZVI PRE was the most effective at lowering U concentrations in the contaminated ground water. The median U removal in the ZVI PRE was higher than 99.5 percent. Geochemical modeling techniques were used to define and quantify the amount and type of mineral precipitates that may be forming in the ZVI PRE. Modeling results indicate that most of the mineral precipitation occurs within the first 1.0 foot of barrier material. On the basis of water-chemistry data collected during May 1999, the downgradient two-thirds of the ZVI PRE has not been affected by mineral precipitation. Geochemical modeling results were consistent with solid-phase analyses of reactive material collected from the ZVI PRE. C1 USGS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Naftz, DL (reprint author), USGS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-100-0 PY 2000 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ71X UT WOS:000089259400036 ER PT S AU Cahoon, DR French Jr Spencer, T Reed, D Moller I AF Cahoon, DR French, JR Spencer, T Reed, D Moller, I BE Pye, K Allen, JRL TI Vertical accretion versus elevational adjustment in UK saltmarshes: an evaluation of alternative methodologies SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS: SEDIMENTOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOARCHAEOLOGY SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology and Geoarchaeology CY NOV, 1998 CL GEOL SOC LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND SP British Sedimentol Res Grp, British Geomorphol Res Grp, English Heritage HO GEOL SOC LONDON ID SALT-MARSH ACCRETION; NORTH NORFOLK; EROSION; ENGLAND; GROWTH; SEDIMENTATION; VEGETATION; MODEL AB Simultaneous measurements of vertical accretion from marker horizons and marsh-elevation change from sedimentation-erosion tables (SET) were made in selected marshes along the East Anglian coast of the UK in order to address the following objectives: (1) to ascertain the validity of treating accretion measurements obtained within tidally dominated, minerogenic saltmarshes as equivalent to surface elevation changes; (2) to explore the implications, in terms of physical and biological processes, of discrepancies between separately measured Vertical accretion and elevation change within contrasting marsh types. Data were collected from several marsh environments at Scolt Head Island and Stiffkey on the North Norfolk coast and at an experimental managed realignment project near Tollesbury, Essex. Scolt Head Island was selected for its long-term datasets of marsh accretion. Stiffkey for its contrasting open coast-back barrier settings, and Tollesbury for its experimental management, in order to illustrate the potential application of the SET method and evaluate the relationship between vertical accretion and elevation change in a variety of marsh settings. The relationship between vertical accretion and elevation change varied widely among marsh settings of different age and height (within the tidal frame) at Scolt Head Island and Stiffkey. Rates of vertical accretion and elevation change were similar in the older and mid-height settings on Scolt Head Island, indicating control of elevation change by surface accretionary processes (e.g, sediment deposition). However, subsurface processes controlled elevation at three of the marsh sites. Spartina Marsh, the youngest and lowest of the back barrier settings at Scolt Head Island, exhibited continuous shallow subsidence (vertical accretion greater than elevation change) over a 4-year period, implying that compaction controls elevation change. In the upper part of Hut Marsh and the interior of the Stiffkey marshes, elevation change exceeded vertical accretion suggesting that subsurface processes (e.g. organic accumulation) controlled elevation in these settings. Surface accretionary processes control elevation change in both the highly dynamic, outer marsh at Stiffkey and the low, restored marsh at Tollesbury. Despite the occurrence of shallow subsidence, all sites gained elevation at an annual rate comparable to that of sea-level rise. In summary, the SET provides the means to critically evaluate the influence of Vertical accretion measures on elevation and represents an improved method by which to evaluate the vulnerability of a marsh to sea-level rise. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Cahoon, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM don_cahoon@usgs.gov; jfrench@geog.ucl.ac.uk; ts111@hermes.cam.ac.uk; djreed@uno.edu RI French, Jonathan/C-2455-2008; OI Moller, Iris/0000-0003-1971-2932 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 1-86239-070-3 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2000 VL 175 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.175.01.17 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA BR55Y UT WOS:000166812500017 ER PT B AU Schoellhamer, DH AF Schoellhamer, DH BE McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ TI Influence of salinity, bottom topography, and tides on locations of estuarine turbidity maxima in northern San Francisco Bay SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE FINE SEDIMENT PROCESSES SE PROCEEDINGS IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport (INTERCOH 98) CY MAY 26-30, 1998 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID TAMAR ESTUARY AB Time series of salinity and suspended-solids concentration measured at four locations and vertical profiles of salinity and suspended-solids concentration measured during 48 water-quality cruises from January 1993 to September 1997 are analyzed to describe the influence of salinity, bottom topography, and tides on locations of estuarine turbidity maxima in northern San Francisco Bay, California. Estuarine turbidity maxima form when salinity is present but they are not associated with a singular salinity. Bottom topography enhances salinity stratification, gravitational circulation and estuarine turbidity maxima formation seaward of sills. The spring/neap tidal cycle affects locations of estuarine turbidity maxima. Salinity stratification in Carquinez Strait, which is seaward of a sill, is greatest during neap tides, which is the only time when tidally averaged suspended-solids concentration in Carquinez Strait was less than that observed landward at Mallard Island. Spring tides cause the greatest vertical mixing and suspended-solids concentration in Carquinez Strait. Therefore, surface estuarine turbidity maxima always were located in or near the Strait (seaward of Middle Ground) during spring tide cruises, regardless of salinity. During neap tides, surface estuarine turbidity maxima always were observed in the landward half of the study area (landward of Middle Ground) and between 0-2 practical salinity units. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Schoellhamer, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50463-X J9 PROCEED MARINE SCI PY 2000 VL 3 BP 343 EP 357 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BT63N UT WOS:000173565800022 ER PT B AU Healy, RW Russell, TF AF Healy, RW Russell, TF BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI ID LOCALIZED ADJOINT METHOD; ADVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATION AB The finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) is a mass-conservative approach for solving the advection-dispersion equation. The method has been shown to be accurate and efficient for solving advection-dominated problems of solute transport in ground water in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Previous implementations of FVELLAM have had difficulty in representing internal sources because the standard assumption of lowest order Raviart-Thomas velocity field does not hold for source cells. Therefore, tracking of particles within source cells is problematic. A new approach has been developed to account for internal sources in FVELLAM. It is assumed that the source is uniformly distributed across a grid cell and that instantaneous mixing takes place within the cell, such that concentration is uniform across the cell at any time. Sub-time steps are used in the time-integration scheme to track mass outflow from the edges of the source cell. This avoids the need for tracking within the source cell. We describe the new method and compare results for a test problem with a wide range of cell Peclet numbers. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Healy, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 619 EP 622 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700085 ER PT B AU Naff, RL Russell, TF Wilson, JD AF Naff, RL Russell, TF Wilson, JD BE Bentley, LR Sykes, JF Brebbia, CA Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Test functions for three-dimensional control-volume mixed finite-element methods on irregular grids SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR SUBSURFACE FLOW AND TRANSPORT - COMPUTATIONAL METHODS, SURFACE WATER SYSTEMS AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 25-29, 2000 CL UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI, CALGARY, CANADA HO UNIV CALGARY, FAC SCI AB Numerical methods based on unstructured grids, with irregular cells, usually require discrete shape functions to approximate the distribution of quantities across cells. For control-volume mixed finite-element methods, vector shape functions are used to approximate The distribution of velocities across cells and vector test functions are used to minimize the error associated with the numerical approximation scheme. For a logically cubic mesh, the lowest-order shape functions are chosen in a natural way to conserve intercell fluxes that vary linearly in logical space. Vector test functions, while somewhat restricted by the mapping into the logical reference cube, admit a wider class of possibilities. Ideally, an error minimization procedure to select the test function from an acceptable class of candidates would be the best procedure. Lacking such a procedure, we first investigate the effect of possible test functions on the pressure distribution over the control volume; specifically, we look for test functions that allow for the elimination of intermediate pressures on cell faces. From these results, we select three forms for the test function for use in a control-volume mixed method code and subject them to an error analysis for different forms of grid irregularity; errors are reported in terms of the discrete L-2 norm of the velocity error. Of these three forms, one appears to produce optimal results for most forms of grid irregularity. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Naff, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-123-6 PY 2000 BP 677 EP 684 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ57H UT WOS:000088804700093 ER PT J AU Kinzler, RJ Donnelly-Nolan, JM Grove, TL AF Kinzler, RJ Donnelly-Nolan, JM Grove, TL TI Late Holocene hydrous mafic magmatism at the Paint Pot Crater and Callahan flows, Medicine Lake Volcano, N-California and the influence of H2O in the generation of silicic magmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE MAGMATISM; CRYSTAL-CHEMICAL CONTROLS; HIGH-ALUMINA BASALTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; LOW-MGO; WATER; RHYOLITE; ORIGIN; DIFFERENTIATION; PETROGENESIS AB This paper characterizes late Holocene basalts and basaltic andesites at Medicine Lake volcano that contain high pre-eruptive H2O contents inherited from a subduction related hydrous component in the mantle. The basaltic andesite of Paint Pot Crater and the compositionally zoned basaltic to andesitic lavas of the Callahan flow erupted approximately 1000 C-14 years Before Present (C-14 years B.P.). Petrologic, geochemical and isotopic evidence indicates that this late Holocene mafic magmatism was characterized by H2O contents of 3 to 6 wt% H2O and elevated abundances of large ion lithophile elements (LILE). These hydrous mafic inputs contrast with the preceding episodes of mafic magmatism (from 10,600 to similar to 3000 C-14 years B.P.) that was characterized by the eruption of primitive high alumina olivine tholeiite (HAOT) with low H2O (<0.2 wt%), lower LILE abundance and different isotopic characteristics. Thus, the mantle-derived inputs into the Medicine Lake system have not always been low H2O, primitive HAOT, but have alternated between HAOT and hydrous subduction related, calc-alkaline basalt. This influx of hydrous mafic magma coincides temporally and spatially with rhyolite eruption at Glass Mountain and Little Glass Mountain. The rhyolites contain quenched magmatic inclusions similar in character to the mafic lavas at Callahan and Paint Pot Crater. The influence of H2O on fractional crystallization of hydrous mafic magma and melting of pre-existing granite crust beneath the volcano combined to produce the rhyolite. Fractionation under hydrous conditions at upper crustal pressures leads to the early crystallization of Fe-Mg silicates and the suppression of plagioclase as an early crystallizing phase. In addition, H2O Powers the saturation temperature of Fe and Mg silicates, and brings the temperature of oxide crystallization closer to the liquidus. These combined effects generate SiO2-enrichment that leads to rhyodacitic differentiated lavas. In contrast, low H2O HAOT magmas at Medicine Lake differentiate to iron-rich basaltic liquids. When these Fe-enriched basalts mix with melted granitic crust, the result is an andesitic magma. Since mid-Holocene time, mafic volcanism has been dominated primarily by hydrous basaltic andesite and andesite at Medicine Lake Volcano. However, during the late Holocene, H2O-poor mafic magmas continued to be erupted along with hydrous mafic magmas, although in significantly smaller volumes. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Grove, TL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969 NR 41 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 138 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/PL00007657 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 277QM UT WOS:000084944400001 ER PT J AU Rathbun, RE AF Rathbun, RE TI Transport, behavior, and fate of volatile organic compounds in streams SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE absorption; aquatic photolysis; bioconcentration; dispersion; Henry's Law constant; hydrolysis; microbial degradation; octanol-water partition coefficient; oxidation; sorption; volatilization; wet deposition ID HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; DILUTION ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; GAS-FILM COEFFICIENTS; AIR-SEA INTERFACE; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; VOLATILIZATION COEFFICIENTS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are compounds with chemical and physical properties that allow the compounds to move freely between the water and air phases of the environment. VOCs are widespread in the environment because of this mobility. Many VOCs have properties that make them suspected or known hazards to the health of humans and aquatic organisms. Consequently, understanding the processes affecting the concentration and distribution of VOCs in the environment is necessary. The transport, behavior, and fate of VOCs in streams are determined by combinations of chemical, physical, and biological processes. These processes are volatilization, absorption, wet and dry deposition, microbial degradation, sorption, hydrolysis, aquatic photolysis, oxidation, chemical reaction, bioconcentration, advection, and dispersion. The relative importance of each of these processes depends on the characteristics of the VOC and the stream. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program selected 55 VOCs for study. This article reviews the characteristics of the various processes that could affect the transport, behavior, and fate of these VOCs in streams. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Rathbun, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 117 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 30 IS 2 BP 129 EP 295 DI 10.1080/10643380091184183 PG 167 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 310WE UT WOS:000086851400001 ER PT J AU Whyte, JJ Jung, RE Schmitt, CJ Tillitt, DE AF Whyte, JJ Jung, RE Schmitt, CJ Tillitt, DE TI Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MIXED-FUNCTION OXYGENASE; XENOBIOTIC-METABOLIZING ENZYMES; KRAFT MILL EFFLUENT; DAB LIMANDA-LIMANDA; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; SUCKER CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; FUNCTION OXIDASE ACTIVITY AB This review compiles and evaluates existing scientific information on the use, limitations, and procedural considerations for EROD activity (a catalytic measurement of cytochrome P4501A induction) as a biomarker in fish. A multitude of chemicals induce EROD activity in a variety of fish species, the most potent inducers being structural analogs of 2,3,7,8-tetracholordibenzo-p-dioxin. Although certain chemicals may inhibit EROD induction/activity, this interference is generally not a drawback to the use of EROD induction as a biomarker. The various methods of EROD analysis currently in use yield comparable results, particularly when data are expressed as relative rates of EROD activity. EROD induction in fish is well characterized, the most important modifying factors being fish species, reproductive status and age, all of which can be controlled through proper study design. Good candidate species for biomonitoring should have a wide range between basal and induced EROD activity (e.g., common carp, channel catfish, and mummichog). EROD activity has proven value as a biomarker in a number of field investigations of bleached kraft mill and industrial effluents, contaminated sediments, and chemical spills. Research on mechanisms of CYP1A-induced toxicity suggests that EROD activity may not only indicate chemical exposure, but also may also precede effects at various levels of biological organization. A current research need is the development of chemical exposure-response relationships for EROD activity in fish. in addition, routine reporting in the literature of EROD activity in standard positive and negative control material will enhance confidence in comparing results from different studies using this biomarker. C1 Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Tillitt, DE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 615 TC 411 Z9 427 U1 13 U2 127 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 347 EP 570 DI 10.1080/10408440091159239 PG 224 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 343HK UT WOS:000088696800001 PM 10955715 ER PT B AU Scott, KM AF Scott, KM BE Wieczorek, GF Naeser, ND TI Precipitation-triggered debris-flow at Casita Volcano, Nicaragua: Implications for mitigation strategies in volcanic and tectonically active steeplands SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY AUG 16-18, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Council Agr, Environm Protect Adm, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taiwan Univ, NTUCE Culture & Educ Fdn, Publ Construct Commiss, Taiwan Disaster Prevent Soc, Water Conservancy Agcy, Minist Econ Affairs, Water Resources Bur ID HAZARD AB A single wave of debris flow, triggered by hurricane precipitation, killed more than 2000 residents of two "new towns" near Casita volcano, Nicaragua, in 1998. The flow wave began as a small flank failure (200,000 m(3)) near the summit of the inactive edifice. Downstream, the flow Volume enlarged by a factor of at least nine, transforming to a catastrophic debris flow over a kilometer wide and 3-6 m deep. This 1998 case history emphasizes the hazards of highly mobile debris flows beginning as landslides, their potential to transform, and their ability to amplify during flow. Only land-use planning based on debris-flow hazard assessment could have prevented the Casita disaster. Afterwards the towns-established in the 1980's on apparently safe, undulating terrain 4 km from the volcano-were found to have been located in a pathway of prehistoric debris flows. Other case histories from the Western Hemisphere indicate the mitigation potential of instrumental event-warning systems, the concept of Education for Self Warning and Evacuation (ESWEV), and, where large populations are expanding in flow pathways, the possible construction of dual-purpose, flood- and sediment-impoundment structures. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Scott, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-149-X PY 2000 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BR43A UT WOS:000166376200001 ER PT B AU Schuster, RL AF Schuster, RL BE Wieczorek, GF Naeser, ND TI Outburst debris-flows from failure of natural dams SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY AUG 16-18, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Council Agr, Environm Protect Adm, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taiwan Univ, NTUCE Culture & Educ Fdn, Publ Construct Commiss, Taiwan Disaster Prevent Soc, Water Conservancy Agcy, Minist Econ Affairs, Water Resources Bur ID MORAINE-DAMMED LAKE AB Natural dams that may produce hazardous outburst debris flows as a result of dam failure are formed by landslides, Late Holocene glacial moraines, glaciers, and volcanic activity. Sooner or later, most natural dams fail, commonly by overtopping followed by surface erosion. Failure may be slow, resulting in minimal downstream flooding, or it may be catastrophic, releasing large amounts of water and sediment. If enough material is entrained in the outburst flood from reservoir sediment, the dam itself, or the downstream channel, the flood will become a debris flow. There are two common measures to prevent or mitigate such damaging debris flows: (1)those installed on the natural dam or in its immediate vicinity, including pumps, siphons, and/or diversion tunnels to prevent overtopping; lined spillway channels to prevent erosion; and rock or concrete sills or check darns to intercept debris on the dam surface, and (2) downstream debris-retention dams and basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Schuster, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-149-X PY 2000 BP 29 EP 42 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BR43A UT WOS:000166376200003 ER PT B AU Cannon, SH AF Cannon, SH BE Wieczorek, GF Naeser, ND TI Debris-flow response of southern California watersheds burned by wildfire SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY AUG 16-18, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Council Agr, Environm Protect Adm, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taiwan Univ, NTUCE Culture & Educ Fdn, Publ Construct Commiss, Taiwan Disaster Prevent Soc, Water Conservancy Agcy, Minist Econ Affairs, Water Resources Bur ID ALLUVIAL FANS; FIRE AB Evaluation of the erosional response of 86 recently burned basins in southern California to the heavy winter rainfall of 1997-98 shows that debris flows were produced from only 30 of 86 basins examined. The remaining basins produced sediment-laden streamflow, hyperconcentrated flow, or no discernable response. Basins underlain by sedimentary rocks were most likely to produce debris flows dominated by large materials, and sand- and gravel-dominated debris flows were generated primarily from decomposed granite terrains. For a given basin area, there is a threshold value of slope above which debris flows are produced, and below which other flow processes dominate. The presence or absence of a water-repellent layer in the burned soil and an extensive burn mosaic had little bearing on the generation of large grain size debris flows. The presence of water-repellent soils appears to have affected the generation of sand- and gravel-dominated debris flows. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-149-X PY 2000 BP 45 EP 52 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BR43A UT WOS:000166376200004 ER PT B AU Iverson, RM Denlinger, RP LaHusen, RG Logan, M AF Iverson, RM Denlinger, RP LaHusen, RG Logan, M BE Wieczorek, GF Naeser, ND TI Two-phase debris-flow across 3-D terrain: Model predictions and experimental tests SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY AUG 16-18, 2000 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm & Water Resources Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Council Agr, Environm Protect Adm, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Natl Taiwan Univ, NTUCE Culture & Educ Fdn, Publ Construct Commiss, Taiwan Disaster Prevent Soc, Water Conservancy Agcy, Minist Econ Affairs, Water Resources Bur ID AVALANCHES AB A new mathematical model predicts unsteady debris-flow motion in three spatial dimensions, from initiation to deposition. The model accounts for interactions of solid and fluid constituents and requires the following inputs: initial debris geometry and pore-pressure distribution, flow-path topography, basal and internal friction angles of solid grains, pore-fluid viscosity and volume fraction, debris density, and a debris diffusivity that governs pore pressure dissipation. Because these inputs can be constrained by independent measurements, the model requires little or no calibration. Numerical predictions of debris-flow motion and deposition result from solving the model equations using Riemann methods. We test numerical predictions against data from large-scale experiments involving similar to 10 m(3) of poorly sorted, water-saturated sediment that discharges suddenly from behind a gate, descends a steep channel, and forms a deposit on a gently sloping runout surface. Predictions match experimental data reasonably well and indicate that debris-flow resistance is concentrated at surge fronts, where wedges of coarse sediment sustain high intergranular friction as a result of high diffusivity and low pore-fluid pressure. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-149-X PY 2000 BP 521 EP 529 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Geology GA BR43A UT WOS:000166376200062 ER PT J AU Noble, MA Ramp, SR AF Noble, MA Ramp, SR TI Subtidal currents over the central California slope: evidence for offshore veering of the undercurrent and for direct, wind-driven slope currents SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; POINT-SUR; TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE; MOORED OBSERVATIONS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; FLOW; VARIABILITY; COAST AB In February 1991, an array of six current meter moorings was deployed for one year across the central California outer shelf and slope. The main line of the array extended 30 km offshore of the shelf break, out to water depths of 1400 m. A more sparsely-instrumented line, displaced 30 km to the northwest, extended 14 km offshore. Though shorter, the northern line spanned similar water depths because the gradient of the topography steepened in the northern region. A poleward flow pattern, typical of the California undercurrent, was seen across both lines in the array over most of the year. The poleward flow was surface intensified. In general, the portion of the undercurrent that crossed the southern line had larger amplitudes and penetrated more deeply into the water column than the portion that crossed the northern line. Transport over the year ranged from 0 to 2.5 Sverdrups (Sv) poleward across the southern line; 0 to 1 Sv poleward across the northern line. We suggest the difference in transport was caused by topographic constraints, which tended to force the poleward flow offshore of the northern measurement sites. The slope of the topography steepened too abruptly to allow the poleward flow to follow isobaths when currents were strong. When current velocities lessened, a more coherent flow pattern was seen across both lines in the array. In general, the poleward flow patterns in the undercurrent were not affected by local winds or by the local alongshore pressure gradient. Nor was a strong seasonal pattern evident. Rather unexpectedly, a small but statistically significant fraction of the current variance over the mid- and outer slope was driven by the surface wind stress. An alongshelf wind stress caused cut-rents to flow along the slope, parallel to the wind field, down to depths of 400 m below the surface and out to distances of 2 Rossby radii past the shelf break. The transfer functions were weak, 3-4 cm/s per dyn cm(-2) but comparable to wind-driven current amplitudes of 4-6 cm/s per unit wind stress over the middle shelf. Equatorward, alongshelf winds also caused water from 200-300 m over the slope to upwell onto the shelf as the surface water moved offshore. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2000 VL 47 IS 5-6 BP 871 EP 906 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00130-7 PG 36 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 290ED UT WOS:000085662500006 ER PT B AU Lee, WHK Espinosa-Aranda, JM AF Lee, WHK Espinosa-Aranda, JM BE Zschau, J Kuppers, AN TI Earthquake early warning systems: Current status and perspectives SO EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Warning Systems for the Reduction of Natural Disasters CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP United Nat Int Decade Natl Disasters Reduct ID REAL-TIME SEISMOLOGY; PREDICTION AB As increasing urbanization is taking place worldwide, earthquake hazards post strong threats to lives and properties for urban areas near major active faults on land or subduction zones offshore. Earthquake early warning systems can be a useful tool for reducing earthquake hazards, if cities are favorably located with respect to earthquake sources and their citizens are properly trained to response to earthquake warning messages. The physical basis for earthquake early warning systems is well understood, namely, destructive S- and surface waves travel at about half the speed of the P-waves, and seismic waves travel at much slower speed than signals transmitted by telephones or radios. At least three countries have earthquake early warning systems in operation: (1) Japan, (2) Mexico, and (3) Taiwan. These systems can provide a few seconds to several tens of seconds of warning for large earthquakes. With recent emphasis on real-time seismology, operators of many regional and local seismic networks are now upgrading their systems to reduce the time for issuing an earthquake notice from several minutes to under a minute, thus potentially making earthquake early warning a technical possibility. More significantly, a properly upgraded seismic network can provide a shake map within minutes after a disastrous earthquake, so that loss estimation from an earthquake can be quickly assessed to aid disaster response and recovery. At present, the Seismic Alert System (SAS) in Mexico City is the only system issuing earthquake warning directly to the public. As it is appropriated for the International IDNDR-Conference on Early Warning Systems for the Reduction of Natural Disasters (EWC'98), we will discuss the societal experience of this system during the past few years. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67962-6 PY 2000 BP 409 EP 423 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Public Administration GA BV84S UT WOS:000180194300053 ER PT B AU Tilling, RI AF Tilling, RI BE Zschau, J Kuppers, AN TI Volcano monitoring and eruption warnings SO EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Warning Systems for the Reduction of Natural Disasters CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP United Nat Int Decade Natl Disasters Reduct ID RETROSPECTION; CATASTROPHE; ANATOMY C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67962-6 PY 2000 BP 505 EP 510 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Public Administration GA BV84S UT WOS:000180194300066 ER PT B AU Celebi, M Prescott, W Stein, R Hudnut, K Behr, J Wilson, S AF Celebi, M Prescott, W Stein, R Hudnut, K Behr, J Wilson, S BE Zschau, J Kuppers, AN TI GPS monitoring of structures: Recent advances SO EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS FOR NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Early Warning Systems for the Reduction of Natural Disasters CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL POTSDAM, GERMANY SP United Nat Int Decade Natl Disasters Reduct AB Relative displacements used to assess stress and drift conditions of structures are difficult to measure directly. Accelerometers are the most common instruments used to monitor structural systems during earthquakes or strong winds, but to arrive at displacements requires processing including double integration. In most cases, such processing does not take place in real-time or near real-time because of requisite steps including choice of filters for signal processing. These choices could introduce errors at periods relevant to structural response. However, recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) technology recording at 10 samples per second (sps) allows reliable monitoring of long-period structures such as suspension or cable-stayed bridges and tall buildings. GPS units with a capability of resolving motion at the centimeter level ( 1 cm for horizontal, 2 cm for vertical accuracy) with sampling rates of 10 sps are now available from several manufacturers. The majority of tall buildings (20-40 stories or more) are flexible steel framed structures whose fundamental period (T, in seconds) can be estimated with the empirical formula T = 0.1 N, where N is the number of stories of a building. Thus, the frequencies corresponding to the fundamental periods of most buildings over 20 stories are 10-20 times the Nyquist frequency of the sampling, which is sufficient to assess accurately its average drift ratio(1). With this method, displacement is measured directly in real-time. In this paper, we discuss the scientific justification and feasibility of using GPS technology to monitor long-period structures. We describe an experiment simulating the response of a tall building. The results indicate that sampling at 10 sps provides a clear and accurate response history from which drift ratios and dynamic characteristics of the specimen can be derived. The paper discusses in detail how data recorded from tall buildings monitored with GPS units can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the building performance during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds, by establishing threshold displacements or drift ratios and identifying changing dynamic characteristics. Such information can then be used to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Hudnut, Kenneth/G-5713-2010; Hudnut, Kenneth/B-1945-2009 OI Hudnut, Kenneth/0000-0002-3168-4797 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67962-6 PY 2000 BP 709 EP 714 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Public Administration GA BV84S UT WOS:000180194300094 ER PT J AU Macmillan, S Quinn, JM AF Macmillan, S Quinn, JM TI The 2000 revision of the joint UK/US geomagnetic field models and an IGRF 2000 candidate model SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article AB The method of derivation of the joint UK/US spherical harmonic geomagnetic main-field and secular-variation models is presented. Early versions of these models, with the main field truncated at degree 10, are the UK/US candidates for the IGRF 2000 model. The main-field model describes the Earth's magnetic field at the 2000.0 epoch, while the secular-variation model predicts the evolution of this field between 2000.0 and 2005.0. A revised 1995.0 main-field model was also generated. Regional models for the continental US, Alaska and Hawaii were also produced as a by-product of the UK/US global modelling effort. C1 British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Macmillan, S (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Murchison House,W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2000 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1149 EP 1162 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 397ZD UT WOS:000166728100005 ER PT J AU Sartoris, JJ Thullen, JS Barber, LB Salas, DE AF Sartoris, JJ Thullen, JS Barber, LB Salas, DE TI Investigation of nitrogen transformations in a southern California constructed wastewater treatment wetland SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE constructed wetlands; nitrogen; nitrification; denitrification; reclaimed water; TOC (total organic carbon); UV254; emergent vegetation; bulrush; GIS ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; SEDIMENT; RETENTION AB A 9.9-ha combined habitat and wastewater treatment demonstration wetland was constructed and planted in the summer of 1994, at Eastern Municipal Water District's (EMWD) Hemet/San Jacinto Regional Water Reclamation Facility (RWRF) in southern California. From January 1996 through September 1997, the marsh-pond-marsh wetland system was operated to polish an average of 3785 m(3) d(-1) (1 x 10(6) gal day(-1)) of secondary-treated effluent from the RWRF. Nitrogen removal was a major objective of this wetland treatment. Weekly inflow/outflow water quality monitoring of the wetland was supplemented with biannual, 45-station synoptic surveys within the system to determine internal distribution patterns of the nitrogen species (total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and organic nitrogen), total organic carbon (TOC), and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254). Synoptic surveys were carried out during May 22 and September 17, 1996, and May 6 and September 25, 1997 and the results were mapped using the ARC/INFO processing package and inverse distance weighted mathematical techniques. Distribution patterns of the various nitrogen species, TOC, and UV254 within the wetland indicate that the nitrogen dynamics of the system are influenced both by variations in treatment plant loading, and, increasingly, by the degree of coverage and maturity of the emergent vegetation. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Presidente Riesco, Las Condes, Santiago Chile, Chile. RP Sartoris, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, POB 25007 D-8220, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 35 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 65 PG 17 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 245FJ UT WOS:000083095300005 ER PT J AU Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT AF Knick, ST Rotenberry, JT TI Ghosts of habitats past: Contribution of landscape change to current habitats used by shrubland birds SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; passerine; Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri); Geographic Information Systems; habitat association model; Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris); Idaho, USA; landscape change; remote sensing; Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli); Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus); shrubsteppe; Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta); wildfire ID BREEDING PASSERINE BIRDS; VEGETATION; INFORMATION; RANGELAND; DYNAMICS; SCALE AB Models of habitat associations for species often are developed with an implicit assumption that habitats are static, even though recent disturbance may have altered the landscape. We tested our hypothesis that trajectory and magnitude of habitat change influenced observed distribution and abundance of passerine birds breeding in shrubsteppe habitats of southwestern Idaho. Birds in this region live in dynamic landscapes undergoing predominantly large-scale, radical, and unidirectional habitat change because wildfires are converting shrublands into expanses of exotic annual grasslands. We used data from field surveys and satellite image analyses in a series of redundancy analyses to partition variances and to determine the relative contribution of habitat change and current landscapes. Although current habitats explained a greater proportion of total variation, changes in habitat and measures of habitat richness and texture also contributed to variation in abundance of Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris), Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri), and Sage Sparrows (Amphispiza belli). Abundance of birds was insensitive to scale for nonspatial habitat variables. In contrast, spatial measures of habitat richness and texture in the landscape were significant only at large spatial scales. Abundance of Horned Larks, Western Meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta), and Brewer's Sparrows, but not Sage Thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus) or Sage Sparrows, was positively correlated with changes toward stable habitats. Because dominant habitat changes were toward less stable conditions, regional declines of those birds in shrubsteppe habitats reflect current landscapes as well as the history, magnitude, and trajectory of habitat change. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Knick, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake Rive Field Stn,970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. OI Rotenberry, John/0000-0002-0864-1676 NR 39 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2000 VL 81 IS 1 BP 220 EP 227 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277BT UT WOS:000084913400018 ER PT J AU Criss, RE Singleton, MJ Champion, DE AF Criss, RE Singleton, MJ Champion, DE TI Three-dimensional oxygen isotope imaging of convective fluid flow around the Big Bonanza, Comstock lode mining district, Nevada SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID METEORIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORE DEPOSITION; O-18/O-16; IDAHO; RANGE; D/H AB Oxygen isotope analyses of propylitized andesites from the Con Virginia and California mines allow construction of a detailed, three-dimensional image of the isotopic surfaces produced by the convective fluid flows that deposited the famous Big Bonanza orebody. On a set of intersecting maps and sections, the delta(18)O isopleths clearly show the intricate and conformable relationship of the orebody to a deep, similar to 500 m gyre of meteoric-hydrothermal fluid that circulated along and above the Comstock fault, near the contact of the Davidson Cranodiorite. The core of this gyre (delta(18)O = 0 to 3.8 parts per thousand) encompasses the bonanza and is almost totally surrounded by rocks having much lower delta(18)O values (-1.0 to -4.4 parts per thousand). This deep gyre may represent a convective longitudinal roll superimposed on a large unicellular meteoric-hydrothermal system, producing a complex flow field with both radial and longitudinal components that is consistent with experimentally observed patterns of fluid convection in permeable media. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Criss, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 95 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 293RN UT WOS:000085867000008 ER PT J AU Gower, ST Hunter, A Campbell, J Vogel, J Veldhuis, H Harden, J Trumbore, S Norman, JM Kucharik, CJ AF Gower, ST Hunter, A Campbell, J Vogel, J Veldhuis, H Harden, J Trumbore, S Norman, JM Kucharik, CJ TI Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests SO ECOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient distribution; boreal forests; nutrient requirement; litterfall N; retranslocation ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; TAIGA FORESTS; JACK PINE; ECOSYSTEMS; STANDS; PRODUCTIVITY; WISCONSIN; TURNOVER; CARBON AB The objective of this study was to compare nutrient concentration, distribution, and select components of nutrient budgets fur aspen (Populus tremuloides), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and black spruce (Picea mariana) forest ecosystems at the BORcal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), southern and northern study areas near Candle Lake, Saskatchewan and Thompson, Manitoba, Canada, respectively. The vegetation (excluding fine roots and understory) in the aspen, black spruce, and jack pine stands contained 70-79%, 53-54%, and 58-67% of total ecosystem carbon content, respectively. Soil (forest floor and mineral soil) nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content comprised over 90% of the total ecosystem nutrient content, except for Ca and Mg content of the southern black spruce stand and Ca content of the southern aspen stand which were less than 90%. Annual litterfall N content was significantly greater (p < 0.05) for trembling aspen (30-41 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) than for jack pine (5-10 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) or black spruce (6-7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)), and was generally greater, brit not significantly, for the southern than for the northern study area. Aboveground net primary production was positively correlated (R-2 = 0.91) to annual litterfall N content for the BOREAS forests, and for all boreal forests (R-2 = 0.57). Annual aboveground nutrient (N, Ca, Mg, and K) requirements (sum of the annual increment of nutrient in foliage, branches, and stems) were significantly greater (p < 0.05) for trembling aspen than for jack pine or black spruce forests. Annual aboveground N requirements ranged from 37-53, 6-14, and 6-7 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) fur trembling aspen, jack pine, and black spruce forests, respectively. The greater nutrient requirements of deciduous than evergreen boreal forests was explained by a greater annual production of biomass and lower use efficiency of nutrients. Nutrient cycling. characteristics of boreal forests were influenced by climate and forest type, with the latter having a greater influence on litterfall N, annual nutrient requirements, nutrient mean residence Lime, and nutrient distribution. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Manitoba, Canada Manitoba Soil Survey, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gower, ST (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013 NR 36 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 28 PU UNIVERSITE LAVAL PI ST FOY PA PAVILLON ALEXANDRE-VACHON, UNIV LAVAL, ST FOY, QUEBEC G1K 7P4, CANADA SN 1195-6860 J9 ECOSCIENCE JI Ecoscience PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 481 EP 490 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 395HB UT WOS:000166574000012 ER PT B AU Kayen, RE Barnhardt, WA Palmer, SP AF Kayen, RE Barnhardt, WA Palmer, SP BE Moore, D Hungr, O TI Assessment of seismic stability of the Duwamish River Delta, Seattle, Washington SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Congress of the International-Association-for-Engineering-Geology-and-the-Environment CY SEP 21-25, 1998 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Engn Geol & Environm ID LIQUEFACTION AB A highly developed commercial-industrial corridor, extending from the City of Kent to the Elliott Bay/Harbor Island marine terminal facilities, is founded on the young Holocene deposits of the Duwamish River valley. A geotechnical investigation of these river-mouth deposits indicates high initial liquefaction susceptibility during earthquakes, and possibly the potential for unlimited-strain disintegrative flow failure of the delta front. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kayen, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-996-3 PY 2000 BP 4057 EP 4065 PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS72J UT WOS:000170993500023 ER PT J AU Hower, JC Finkelman, RB Rathbone, RF Goodman, J AF Hower, JC Finkelman, RB Rathbone, RF Goodman, J TI Intra- and inter-unit variation in fly ash petrography and mercury adsorption: Examples from a western Kentucky power station SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB Fly ash was collected from eight mechanical and 10 baghouse hoppers at each of the twin 150-MW wall-fired units in a western Kentucky power station. The fuel burned at that time was a blend of many low-sulfur, high-volatile bituminous Central Appalachian coals. The baghouse ash showed less variation between units than the mechanical hoppers. The mechanical fly ash, coarser than the baghouse ash, showed significant differences in the amount of total carbon and in the ratio of isotropic coke to both total carbon and total coke-the latter excluding inertinite and other unburned, uncoked coal. There was no significant variation in proportions of inorganic fly ash constituents. The inter-unit differences in the amount and forms of mechanical fly ash carbon appear to be related to differences in pulverizer efficiency, leading to greater amounts of coarse coal, therefore unburned carbon, in one of the units. Mercury capture is a function of both the total carbon content and the gas temperature at the point of fly ash separation, mercury content increasing with an increase in carbon for a specific collection system. Mercury adsorption on fly ash carbon increases at lower flue-gas temperatures. Baghouse fly ash, collected at a lower temperature than the higher-carbon mechanically separated fly ash, contains a significantly greater amount of Hg. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Prestonsburg High Sch, Prestonsburg, KY USA. RP Hower, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 212 EP 216 DI 10.1021/ef9901488 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 277CY UT WOS:000084916200036 ER PT J AU Liszewski, MJ Rosentreter, JJ Miller, KE Bartholomay, RC AF Liszewski, MJ Rosentreter, JJ Miller, KE Bartholomay, RC TI Chemical and physical properties affecting strontium distribution coefficients of surficial-sediment samples at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE strontium-90; distribution coefficients; sediment; Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory ID SR-90 AB The U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho University, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study to determine strontium distribution coefficients (K(d)s) Of surficial sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Batch experiments using synthesized aqueous solutions used to determine K(d)s, which describe the distribution of a solute between the solution and phase, of 20 surficial-sediment samples from NEEL. The KdS for the 20 surficial-sediment les ranged from 36 to 275 ml/g. Many properties of both the synthesized aqueous solutions and tents used in the experiments also were determined. Solution properties determined were initial equilibrium concentrations of calcium, magnesium and strontium, pH and specific conductance, and initial concentrations of potassium and sodium. Sediment properties determined were grain-size distribution, bulk mineralogy, whole-rock major-oxide and strontium and barium concentrations, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface Solution and sediment properties were correlated with strontium K(d)s of the 20 surficial sedis using Pearson correlation coefficients, Solutions properties with the strongest correlations with strontium KdS were equilibrium pH and equilin calcium concentration correlation coefficients, 0.6598 and -0.6518, respectively. Sediment properties with the strongest correlations with strontium K(d)s were manganese oxide (MnO), BET area, and the >4.75-mm-grain-size fraction correlation coefficients, 0.7054, 0.7022, and -0.6660, respectively. Effects of solution properties on strontium KdS were interpreted as being due to competition among similarly charged and sized cations in solution for strontium-sorption sites; effects of sediment properties on strontium KdS were interpreted as being surface-area related. Multivariate analyses of these solution and sediment properties resulted in r(2) values of 0.8071 when all five properties were used and 0.8043 when three properties, equilibrium pH, MnO, and BET surface area, were used. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Bartholomay, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, INEEL, MS 1160,POB 2230, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 411 EP 426 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 282ER UT WOS:000085204300022 ER PT J AU Burkhart, JG Ankley, G Bell, H Carpenter, H Fort, D Gardiner, D Gardner, H Hale, R Helgen, JC Jepson, P Johnson, D Lannoo, M Lee, D Lary, J Levey, R Magner, J Meteyer, C Shelby, MD Lucier, G AF Burkhart, JG Ankley, G Bell, H Carpenter, H Fort, D Gardiner, D Gardner, H Hale, R Helgen, JC Jepson, P Johnson, D Lannoo, M Lee, D Lary, J Levey, R Magner, J Meteyer, C Shelby, MD Lucier, G TI Strategies for assessing the implications of malformed frogs for environmental health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amphibian malformation; environmental health ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; RETINOIC ACID; HOMEOTIC TRANSFORMATION; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; THYROID-HORMONE; HYLA-REGILLA; LIMBS; RECEPTORS; SURVIVAL; TOXICITY AB The recent increase in the incidence of deformities among natural frog populations has raised concern about the state of the environment and the possible impact of unidentified causative agents on the health of wildlife and human populations. An open workshop on Strategies for Assessing the Implications of Malformed Frogs for Environmental Health was convened on 4-5 December 1997 at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The purpose of the workshop was to share information among a multidisciplinary group with scientific interest and responsibility for human and environmental health at the federal and state level. Discussions highlighted possible causes and recent findings directly related to frog deformities and provided insight into problems and strategies applicable to continuing investigation in several areas. Possible causes of the deformities were evaluated in terms of diagnostics performed on field amphibians, biologic mechanisms that can lead to the types of malformations observed, and parallel laboratory and field studies. Hydrogeochemistry must be more integrated into environmental toxicology because of the pivotal role of the aquatic environment and the importance of faces and transport relative to any potential exposure. There is no indication of whether there may be a human health factor associated with the deformities. However, the possibility that causal agents may be waterborne indicates a need to identify the relevant factors and establish the relationship between environmental and human health in terms of hazard assessment. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Colorado State Univ, USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. No Prairie Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. Ball State Univ, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. AECL, Chalk River, ON, Canada. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Ra LaRosa Environm Lab, Waterbury, VT USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Burkhart, JG (reprint author), NIEHS, MD C1-08,Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Jepson, Paul/E-8669-2011 OI Jepson, Paul/0000-0003-3419-4715 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.2307/3454299 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 273XP UT WOS:000084734900029 PM 10620528 ER PT J AU Custer, TW Custer, CM Hines, RK Sparks, DW AF Custer, TW Custer, CM Hines, RK Sparks, DW TI Trace elements, organochlorines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, and furans in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE trace elements; PCBs; PAHs; lesser scaup; Indiana Harbor ID GREAT-LAKES; DUCKS; BIRDS; CONTAMINANTS; SEDIMENTS; PETROLEUM; TEXAS; WATERFOWL; TOXICITY; MERCURY AB During the winter of 1993-94, male lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) were collected on the heavily polluted Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), East Chicago, IN, USA, and examined for tissue contaminant levels. Lesser scaup collected on the IHC had higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), selected organchlorine pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons than reference birds. Of the scaup collected on the IHC, 44% had Cd concentrations in the liver considered above background for freshwater waterfowl (> 3 mu g/g dry wt.), 50% had Se concentrations in the liver above a level possibly harmful to the health of young and adult birds (> 33 mu g/g dry wt.), and 88% of the scaup carcasses exceeded the PCB human consumption guidelines for edible poultry in the USA (> 3.0 mu g/g lipid wt.). The ratio of pristane:n-heptadecane concentrations in 47% of lesser scaup collected on IHC was elevated above 1.0, which is indicative of chronic exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Custer, TW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 52 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 110 IS 3 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00315-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 354NG UT WOS:000089336100011 PM 15092826 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Heinz, GH Beyer, WN Jaquette, JA Mengelkoch, JM AF Vyas, NB Spann, JW Heinz, GH Beyer, WN Jaquette, JA Mengelkoch, JM TI Lead poisoning of passerines at a trap and skeet range SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE lead; passerines; protoporphyrin; shot; tissue; trap and skeet ID SHOT INGESTION; SHOOTING-RANGE; ANAS-RUBRIPES; SMALL MAMMALS; HEAVY-METALS; BLOOD LEAD; GRIT-USE; BIRDS; DUCKS; PROTOPORPHYRIN AB Our objective was to determine if ground foraging passerines in a woodland surrounding a trap and skeet range were subject to lead poisoning. Lead availability to birds was determined by shot counts and soil and earthworm analysis. Avian exposure to lead was identified by measuring free-erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels in blood and lead in tissues of three passerine species. Results showed that most shot were found in the top 3 cm of soil. Lead measurements ranged from 110 to 27,000 ppm (dry wt) in soil and were 660 and 840 ppm in earthworms. Sparrows held in an aviary at the range (p = 0.02) and free-flying juncos (p = 0.0005) mist netted at the range displayed significantly higher protoporphyrin levels than those at an uncontaminated site. Sparrow and cowbird carcasses from the aviary carried 37 and 39 ppm lead (dry wt), respectively, whereas a junco liver contained 9.3 ppm lead. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00112-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268MP UT WOS:000084420400017 PM 15093020 ER PT J AU Cooper, SM Peterson, DL AF Cooper, SM Peterson, DL TI Spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone in western Washington, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE mountainous regions; Pacific Northwest; passive ozone samplers; spatial variation; tropospheric ozone ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; ALPINE REGIONS; HIGH-ELEVATION; FRASER VALLEY; EXPOSURES; AREAS AB We quantified the distribution of tropospheric ozone in topographically complex western Washington slate, USA (total area approximate to 6000 km(2)). using passive ozone samplers along nine river drainages to measure ozone exposure from near sea level to high-elevation mountain sites. Weekly average ozone concentrations were higher with increasing distance from the urban core and at higher elevations, increasing a mean of 1.3 ppbv per 100 m elevation gain for all mountain transects. weekly average ozone concentrations were generally highest in Cascade Mountains drainages east and southeast of Seattle (maximum = 55-67 pbv) and in the Columbia River Gorge east of Portland (maximum = 59 ppbv), and lowest in the western Olympic Peninsula (maximum = 34 ppbv). Higher ozone concentrations in the Cascade Mountains and Columbia River locations downwind of large cities indicate that significant quantities of ozone and ozone precursors are being transported eastward toward rural wildland areas by prevailing westerly winds. In addition, temporal (week to week) variation in ozone distribution is synchronous within and between all drainages sampled, which indicates that there is regional coherence in air pollution delectable with weekly averages. These data provide insight on large-scale spatial variation of ozone distribution in western Washington, and will help regulatory agencies optimize future monitoring networks and identify locations where human health and natural resources could be at risk. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Field Stn, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 107 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00172-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287DF UT WOS:000085489200008 PM 15092980 ER PT J AU Swayze, GA Smith, KS Clark, RN Sutley, SJ Pearson, RM Vance, JS Hageman, PL Briggs, PH Meier, AL Singleton, MJ Roth, S AF Swayze, GA Smith, KS Clark, RN Sutley, SJ Pearson, RM Vance, JS Hageman, PL Briggs, PH Meier, AL Singleton, MJ Roth, S TI Using imaging spectroscopy to map acidic mine waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAILINGS; AVIRIS; IRON AB The process of pyrite oxidation at the surface of mine waste may produce acidic water that is gradually neutralized as it drains away from the waste, depositing different Fe-bearing secondary minerals in roughly concentric zones that emanate from mine-waste piles. These Fe-bearing minerals are indicators of the geochemical conditions under which they form. Airborne and orbital imaging spectrometers can be used to map these mineral zones because each of these Fe-bearing secondary minerals is spectrally unique. In this way, imaging spectroscopy can be used to rapidly screen entire mining districts for potential sources of surface acid drainage and to detect acid producing minerals in mine waste or unmined rock outcrops. Spectral data from the AVIRIS instrument were used to evaluate mine waste at the California Gulch Superfund Site near Leadville, CO. Laboratory leach tests of surface samples show that leachate pH is most acidic and metals most mobile in samples from the inner jarosite zone and that leachate pH is near-neutral and metals least mobile in samples from the outer goethite zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US EPA, Reg 8, EPR SR Unit A, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973 Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 32 TC 118 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1021/es990046w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400027 ER PT J AU Griscom, SB Fisher, NS Luoma, SN AF Griscom, SB Fisher, NS Luoma, SN TI Geochemical influences on assimilation of sediment-bound metals in clams and mussels SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; OXIDIZED ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; TRACE-METALS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FOOD COMPOSITION; BIOAVAILABILITY; ELEMENTS; CADMIUM; WATER AB A series of experiments was performed to evaluate the extent to which Cd, Co, Ag, Se, Cr, and Zn bound to sediments with different geochemical properties could be assimilated by the mussel Mytilus edulis and the clam Macoma balthica. Oxidized and reduced radiolabeled sediments were fed to suspension-feeding animals, the depuration patterns of the individuals we re followed by gamma-spectrometry, and the assimilation efficiencies (AEs) of ingested metals were determined. AEs from geochemically diverse sediments typically varied less than 2-fold and ranged from 1% for Cr to 42% for Zn. Metals were assimilated from anoxic sediment by both animals; Ag, Cd, and Co AEs in M. balthica we re 9-16%, 2-fold lower th an from oxic sed im ent, but in M edulis AEs were about two times greater from anoxic sediment for all metals but Ag. For oxic sediment, Cd and Co AEs in M. edulis decreased 3-4-fold with increased sediment exposure time to the metals with smaller but significant effects also noted for Zn and Se but not Ag. A less pronounced decrease in AE for M. balthica was evident only after 6 months exposure time. Sequential extractions of the oxidized sediments showed a transfer of metals into more resistant sediment components over time, but the rate did not correlate with a decrease in metal AEs. Comparing the two bivalves, TOC concentrations had an inconsistent effect on metal AEs. AEs of metals from bacteria-coated glass beads were slightly higher than from humic acid-coated beads, which were comparable with whole-sediment AEs. There was correspondence of AE with desorption of Ag, Cd, Co, and Se (but not Zn) from sediments into pH 5 seawater, measured to simulate the gut pH of these bivalves. The results imply that metals associated with sulfides and anoxic sediments are bioavailable, that the bioavailability of metals from sediments decreases over exposure time, that organic carbon content generally has a small effect on AEs, and that AEs of sediment-bound metals differ among species. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fisher, NS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM nfisher@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 62 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1021/es981309+ PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400033 ER PT J AU Bradley, PM Chapelle, FH AF Bradley, PM Chapelle, FH TI Aerobic microbial mineralization of dichloroethene as sole carbon substrate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VINYL-CHLORIDE; CHLORINATED ETHENES; FIELD-EVALUATION; BIODEGRADATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TRANSFORMATION; BIOSTIMULATION; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; CULTURE AB Microorganisms indigenous to the bed sediments of a black-water stream utilized 1,2-dichloroethene (1,2-DCE) as a sole carbon substrate for aerobic metabolism. Although no evidence of growth was observed in the minimal salts culture media used in this study, efficient aerobic microbial mineralization of 1,2-DCE as sole carbon substrate was maintained through three sequential transfers (10(7) final dilution) of the original environmental innoculum. These results indicate that 1,2-DCE can be utilized as a primary substrate to support microbial metabolism under aerobic conditions. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd,Suite 129, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.1021/es990785c PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400054 ER PT S AU Valoppi, L Petreas, M Donohoe, RM Sullivan, L Callahan, CA AF Valoppi, L Petreas, M Donohoe, RM Sullivan, L Callahan, CA BE Price, FT Brix, KV Lane, NK TI Use of PCB congener and homologue analysis in ecological risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT: NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Recent Achievements in Environmental Fate and Transport CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE ecological risk assessment; PCBs; congeners; Aroclor; analytical methods; quantitation limits ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; TOXICITY AB Common analytical methods for detecting and quantifying polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental samples rely on matching a pattern of peaks to a series of Aroclor standards. Due to differences in degradation, partitioning, and metabolism, the PCB pattern in environmental samples can be very different from the Aroclor standards, making identification and quantification of PCBs difficult. To identify an appropriate approach for PCB analyses, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 9, Biological Technical Assistance Group (BTAG), has considered PCB environmental fate and ecotoxicity, reviewed methods and laboratory capabilities for PCB analysis, and evaluated site-specific data from California and elsewhere. Results of this review indicate analytical methods for routine measurement of specific PCB congeners are currently available, and are cost-effective in comparison with Aroclor-based methods. Accordingly, BTAG has developed a core list of congeners and a phased approach for PCB congener-specific analysis in ecological risk assessments. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Valoppi, L (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Environm Contaminants Div, 2800 Cottage Way,W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2861-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1381 BP 147 EP 161 DI 10.1520/STP14420S PG 15 WC Ecology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP90R UT WOS:000086563700010 ER PT J AU Signell, RP Jenter, HL Blumberg, AF AF Signell, RP Jenter, HL Blumberg, AF TI Predicting the physical effects of relocating Boston's sewage outfall SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modelling; effluent; coastal; estuarine; sewage ID MODEL; MAINE AB Boston is scheduled to cease discharge of sewage effluent in Boston Harbor in Spring 2000 and begin discharge at a site 14 km offshore in Massachusetts Bay in a water depth of about 30 m. The effects of this outfall relocation on effluent dilution, salinity and circulation are predicted with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The simulations predict that the new bay outfall will greatly decrease effluent concentrations in Boston Harbor (relative to the harbour outfall) and will not significantly change mean effluent concentrations over most of Massachusetts Bay. With the harbour outfall, previous observations and these simulations show that effluent concentrations exceed 0.5% throughout the harbour, with a harbour wide average of 1-2%. With the bay outfall, effluent concentrations exceed 0.5% only within a few km of the new outfall, and harbour concentrations drop to 0.1-0.2%, a 10-fold reduction. During unstratified winter conditions, the local increase in effluent concentration at the bay outfall site is predicted to exist throughout the water column. During stratified summer conditions, however, effluent released at the sea bed rises and is trapped beneath the pycnocline. The local increase in effluent concentration is limited to the lower layer, and as a result, surface layer effluent concentrations in the vicinity of the new outfall site are predicted to decrease (relative to the harbour outfall) during the summer. Slight changes are predicted for the salinity and circulation fields. Removing the fresh water associated with the effluent discharge in Boston Harbor is predicted to increase the mean salinity of the harbour by 0.5 and decrease the mean salinity by 0.10-0.15 within 2-3 km of the outfall. Relative to the existing mean flow, the buoyant discharge at the new outfall is predicted to generate density-driven mean currents of 2-4 cm s (-1) that spiral out in a clockwise motion at the surface during winter and at the pycnocline (15-20 m depth) during summer. Compensating counterclockwise currents are predicted to spiral in toward the source at the bottom. Because the scale of the residual current structure induced by the new discharge is comparable to or smaller than typical subtidal water parcel excursions, Lagrangian trajectories will not follow the Eulerian residual flow. Thus, mean currents measured from moorings within 5 km of the bay outfall site will be more useful for model comparison than to indicate net transport pathways. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. HydroQual Inc, Mahwah, NJ 07450 USA. RP Signell, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd,Quissett Campus, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1 BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1006/ecss.1999.0532 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 292DM UT WOS:000085778900010 ER PT J AU Cline, JS Hofstra, AA AF Cline, JS Hofstra, AA TI Ore-fluid evolution at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IMA 1998 Meeting CY AUG, 1998 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IMA DE Carlin-type deposit; gold; fluid inclusions; gas analysis; stable isotopes ID BEARING ARSENIAN PYRITE; JERRITT CANYON; INCLUSIONS; DISTRICT; SYSTEMS; ORIGIN; TREND; H2O-CO2-NACL; TEMPERATURES; MARCASITE AB Minerals and fluid-inclusion populations were examined using petrography, microthermometry, quadrupole mass-spectrometer gas analyses and stable-isotope studies to characterize fluids responsible for gold mineralization at the Getchell Carlin-type gold deposit. The gold-ore assemblage at Getchell is superimposed on quartz-pyrite vein mineralization associated with a Late-Cretaceous granodiorite stock that intruded Lower-Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The ore assemblage, of mid-Tertiary age, consists of disseminated arsenian pyrite that contains submicrometer gold, jasperoid quartz, and later fluorite and orpiment that fill fractures and vugs. Late ore-stage realgar and calcite enclose ore-stage minerals. Pre-ore quartz capped fluids with a wide range of salinities (1 to 21 wt.% NaCl equivalent), gas compositions (H2O, CO2, and CH4), and temperatures (120 to > 360 degrees C). Oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope ratios indicate that pre-ore fluids likely had a magmatic source, and were associated with intrusion of the granodiorite stock and related dikes. Ore-stage jasperoid contains moderate salinity, aqueous fluid inclusions trapped at 180 to 220 degrees C. Ore fluids contain minor CO2 and trace H2S that allowed the fluid to react with limestone host rocks and transport gold, respectively. Aqueous inclusions in fluorite indicate that fluid temperatures declined to similar to 175 degrees C by the end of ore-stage mineralization. As the hydrothermal system collapsed, fluid temperatures declined to 155 to 115 degrees C and realgar and calcite precipitated. Inclusion fluids in ore-stage minerals have high delta D-H2O and delta(18)O(H2O) values that indicate that the fluid had a deep source, and had a metamorphic or magmatic origin, or both. Late ore-stage fluids extend to lower D-delta(H2O) values, and have a wider range of delta(18)O(H2O) values suggesting dilution by variably exchanged meteoric waters. Results show that deeply sourced ore fluids rose along the Getchell fault system, where they dissolved carbonate wall rocks and deposited gold-enriched pyrite and jasperoid quartz. Gold and pyrite precipitated together as H2S in the ore fluids reacted with iron in the host rocks. As ore fluids mixed with local aquifer fluids, ore fluids became cooler and more dilute. Cooling caused precipitation of ore-stage fluorite and orpiment, and late ore-stage realgar. Phase separation and/or neutralization of the ore fluid during the waning stages of the hydrothermal ore system led to deposition of late ore-stage calcite. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Cline, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,Box 454010, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 35 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 195 EP 212 PG 18 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 293UE UT WOS:000085871100019 ER PT S AU Lafferty, KD Thomas, F Poulin, R AF Lafferty, KD Thomas, F Poulin, R BE Poulin, R Morand, S Skorping, A TI Evolution of host phenotype manipulation by parasites and its consequences SO EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS: THEORY MEETS REALITY SE DEVELOPMENTS IN ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Evolutionary Biology of Host-Parasite Relationships CY MAY, 1999 CL LAB ARAGO, BANYULS SUR MER, FRANCE SP European Sci Fdn, CNRS, Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Pole Univ Europeen, Univ Perpignan HO LAB ARAGO ID INTESTINAL HELMINTHS; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; INTERMEDIATE HOSTS; BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; STRATEGY; ORGANISMS; INFECTION C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Poulin, Robert/C-3117-2008 OI Poulin, Robert/0000-0003-1390-1206 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5168 BN 0-444-50402-8 J9 DEV AN VET PY 2000 VL 32 BP 117 EP 127 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BS21E UT WOS:000169088100008 ER PT S AU Kvenvolden, KA AF Kvenvolden, KA BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Gas hydrate and humans SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID METHANE HYDRATE; RESOURCES AB The potential effects of naturally occurring gas hydrate on humans are not understood with certainty, but enough information has been acquired over the past 30 years to make preliminary assessments possible. Three major issues are gas hydrate as (1) a potential energy resource, (2) a factor in global climate change, and (3) a submarine geohazard, The methane content is estimated to be between 10(15) to 10(17) m(3) at STP and the worldwide distribution in outer continental margins of oceans and in polar regions are significant features of gas hydrate. However, its immediate development as an energy resource is not likely because there are various geological constraints and difficult technological problems that must be solved before economic recovery of methane from hydrate can be achieved. The role of gas hydrate in global climate change is uncertain. For hydrate methane to be an effective greenhouse gas, it must reach the atmosphere, Yet there are many obstacles to the transfer of methane from hydrate to the atmosphere. Rates of gas hydrate dissociation and the integrated rates of release and destruction of the methane in the geo/hydro/atmosphere are not adequately understood. Gas hydrate as a submarine geohazard, however, is of immediate and increasing importance to humans as our industrial society moves to exploit seabed resources at ever-greater depths in the waters of our coastal oceans. Human activities and installations in regions of gas-hydrate occurrence must take into account the presence of gas hydrate and deal with the consequences of its presence. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900002 ER PT S AU Paull, CK Lorenson, TD Dickens, G Borowski, WS Ussler, W Kvenvolden, K AF Paull, CK Lorenson, TD Dickens, G Borowski, WS Ussler, W Kvenvolden, K BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Comparisons of in situ and core gas measurements in ODP Leg 164 bore holes SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID BIOGENIC METHANE; MARINE; SOLUBILITY; SEDIMENTS; WATERS AB During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 164, an unprecedented effort was made to determine the amounts of gas and gas hydrate in the sediments from Sites 994, 995, and 997, For the first time in the history of academic drilling, a pressure core sampler (PCS) worked well enough to generate an independent stratigraphy of in situ gas concentrations and compositions with depth. Here, gas concentrations and composition data produced by routine shipboard gas sampling techniques are compared with PCS data. C1 Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EXXON Explorat Co, Houston, TX 77210 USA. RP Paull, CK (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RI Dickens, Gerald/G-1222-2011 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900003 ER PT S AU Collett, TS Lee, MW AF Collett, TS Lee, MW BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Reservoir characterization of marine and permafrost associated gas hydrate accumulations with downhole well logs SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE AB Gas volumes that may be attributed to a gas hydrate accumulation depend on a number of reservoir parameters, one of which, gas-hydrate saturation, can be assessed with data obtained from downhole well-logging devices. This study demonstrates that electrical resistivity and acoustic transit-time downhole log data can be used to quantify the amount of gas hydrate in a sedimentary section. Two unique forms of the Archie relation (standard and quick look relations) have been used in this study to calculate water saturations (S-w) [gas-hydrate saturation (Sh) is equal to (1.0 - S-w)] from the electrical resistivity log data in four gas hydrate accumulations. These accumulations are located on (1) the Blake Ridge along the Southeastern continental margin of the United States, (2) the Cascadia continental margin off the Pacific coast of Canada, (3) the North Slope of Alaska, and (4) the Mackenzie River Delta of Canada. Compressional wave acoustic log data have also been used in conjunction with the Timur, modified Wood, and the Lee weighted average acoustic equations to calculate gas-hydrate saturations in all four areas assessed. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Collett, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900006 ER PT S AU Winters, WJ Dallimore, SR Collett, TS Jenner, KA Katsube, JT Cranston, RE Wright, JF Nixon, FM Uchida, T AF Winters, WJ Dallimore, SR Collett, TS Jenner, KA Katsube, JT Cranston, RE Wright, JF Nixon, FM Uchida, T BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Relation between gas hydrate and physical properties at the Mallik 2L-38 research well in the Mackenzie Delta SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE AB AS part of an interdisciplinary field program, a 1150-m deep well was drilled in the Canadian Arctic to determine, among other goals, the location, characteristics, and properties of gas hydrate. Numerous physical properties of the host sediment were measured in the laboratory and are presented in relation to the lithology and quantity of in situ gas hydrate. Profiles of measured and derived properties presented from that investigation include: sediment wet bulk density, water content, porosity, grain density, salinity, gas hydrate content (percent occupancy of non-sediment grain void space), grain size, porosity, and post-recovery core temperature. The greatest concentration of gas hydrate is located within sand and gravel deposits between 897 and 922 m. Silty sediment between 926 and 952 m contained substantially less, or no, gas hydrate perhaps because of smaller pore size. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO USA. Geol Survey Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Japan Petr Explorat Co, Mihama Ku, Chiba, Japan. RP Winters, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 94 EP 100 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900009 ER PT S AU Lorenson, TD AF Lorenson, TD BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Microscopic character of marine sediment containing disseminated gas hydrate - Examples from the slake ridge and the middle America Trench SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID METHANE AB The presence of disseminated gas hydrate was inferred based on pore fluid geochemistry and downhole logging data, but was rarely observed at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164 (Blake Ridge), and Leg 170 (Middle America Trench, offshore from Costa Rica) drilling sites. Gas hydrate nucleation is likely to occur first in larger voids rather than in constricted pore space, where capillary forces depress the temperature-pressure stability field for gas hydrate formation. Traditional macroscopic descriptions of sediment fail to detect the microscopic character of primary and secondary porosity in sediment hosting disseminated gas hydrate. Light transmission and scanning electron microscopy of sediments within and below the depth of gas hydrate occurrences reveal at least four general types of primary and secondary porosity: (1) microfossils (diatoms, foraminifera, and spicules) void of infilling sediment, but commonly containing small masses of pyrite framboids; (2) infauna burrows filled with unconsolidated sand and or microfossil debris; (3) irregularly shaped pods of nonconsolidated framboidial pyrite; and (4) nonlithified volcanic ash. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Lorenson, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900019 ER PT S AU Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Pinkston, JC Durham, WB AF Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Pinkston, JC Durham, WB BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Methane hydrate dissociation rates at 0.1 MPa and temperatures above 272 K SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID CLATHRATE AB We performed rapid depressurization experiments on methane hydrate under isothermal conditions above 272 K to determine the amount and rate of methane evolution, Sample temperatures rapidly drop below 273 K and stabilize near 272.5 It during dissociation. This thermal anomaly and the persistence of methane hydrate are consistent with the reported recovery of partially dissociated methane hydrate from ocean drilling cores. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Circone, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 544 EP 555 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900056 ER PT S AU Ben Clennell, M Henry, P Hovland, M Booth, JS Winters, GJ Thomas, M AF Ben Clennell, M Henry, P Hovland, M Booth, JS Winters, GJ Thomas, M BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Formation of natural gas hydrates in marine sediments: Gas hydrate growth and stability conditioned by host sediment properties SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID POROUS-MEDIA AB The stability conditions of submarine gas hydrates (methane clathrates) are largely dictated by pressure, temperature, gas composition, and pore water salinity. However, the physical properties and surface chemistry of the host sediments also affect the thermodynamic state, growth kinetics, spatial distributions, and growth forms of clathrates. Our model presumes that gas hydrate behaves in a way analogous to ice in the pores of a freezing soil, where capillary forces influence the energy balance, Hydrate growth is inhibited within fine-grained sediments because of the excess internal phase pressure of small crystals with high surface curvature that coexist with liquid water in small pores. Therefore, the base of gas hydrate stability in a sequence of fine sediments is predicted by our model to occur at a lower temperature, and so nearer to the seabed than would be calculated from bulk thermodynamic equilibrium. The growth forms commonly observed in hydrate samples recovered from marine sediments (nodules, sheets, and lenses in muds; cements in sand and ash layers) can be explained by a requirement to minimize the excess of mechanical and surface energy in the system. C1 Univ Leeds, Dept Earth Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Ecole Normale Super, Geol Lab, CNRS URA 1316, F-75231 Paris, France. STATOIL, N-4001 Stavanger, Norway. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. IFP, Physicochim Appl, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. RP Ben Clennell, M (reprint author), Univ Fed Bahia, IGEO, Ctr Pesquisa Geofis & Geol, Rua Caetano Moura 123, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. RI Henry, Pierre/A-4045-2011 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 887 EP 896 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900089 ER PT S AU Waite, WF Helgerud, MB Nur, A Pinkston, JC Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Waite, WF Helgerud, MB Nur, A Pinkston, JC Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through methane hydrate SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; ICE; STATE AB Simultaneous measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through polycrystalline methane hydrate have been made, Methane hydrate, grown directly in a wave speed measurement chamber, was uniaxially compacted to a final porosity below 2%.At 277 K, the compacted material had a compressional wave speed of 3,650 +/- 50 m/s, The shear wave speed, measured simultaneously, was 1,890 +/- 30 mis, From these wave speed measurements, we derive V-p/V-s, Poisson's ratio, bulk, shear, and Young's moduli. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 1003 EP 1010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900102 ER PT J AU Hoch, AR Reddy, MM Aiken, GR AF Hoch, AR Reddy, MM Aiken, GR TI Calcite crystal growth inhibition by humic substances with emphasis on hydrophobic acids from the Florida Everglades SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; CARBONATE; PRECIPITATION; KINETICS; PHOSPHATE; WATER; SUPERSATURATION; ARAGONITE; SEAWATER; SURFACES AB The crystallization of calcium carbonate minerals plays an integral role in the water chemistry of terrestrial ecosystems. Humic substances, which are ubiquitous in natural waters, have been shown to reduce or inhibit calcite crystal growth in experiments. The purpose of this study is to quantify and understand the kinetic effects of hydrophobic organic acids isolated from the Florida Everglades and a fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, on the crystal growth of calcite (CaCO(3)). Highly reproducible calcite growth experiments were performed in a sealed reactor at constant pH, temperature, supersaturation (Omega = 4.5), P(CO2) (10(-3.5)atm), and ionic strength (0.1 M) with various concentrations of organic acids. Higher plant-derived aquatic hydrophobic acids from the Everglades were more effective growth inhibitors than microbially derived fulvic acid from Lake Fryxell. Organic acid aromaticity correlated strongly with growth inhibition. Molecular weight and heteroatom content correlated well with growth inhibition, whereas carboxyl content and aliphatic nature did not. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hoch, AR (reprint author), Lawrence Univ, Dept Geol, Appleton, WI 54912 USA. EM Anthony.Hoch@lawrence.edu NR 46 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00179-9 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276LC UT WOS:000084878400007 ER PT J AU Wieczorek, GF Snyder, JB Waitt, RB Morrissey, MM Uhrhammer, RA Harp, EL Norris, RD Bursik, MI Finewood, LG AF Wieczorek, GF Snyder, JB Waitt, RB Morrissey, MM Uhrhammer, RA Harp, EL Norris, RD Bursik, MI Finewood, LG TI Unusual July 10, 1996, rock fall at Happy Isles, Yosemite National Park, California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Effects of the July 10, 1996, rock fall at Happy Isles in Yosemite National Park, California, were unusual compared to most rock falls. Two main rock masses fell about 14 s apart from a 665-m-high cliff southeast of Glacier Point onto a talus slope above Happy Isles in the eastern part of Yosemite Valley. The two impacts were recorded by seismographs as much as 200 km away. Although the impact area of the rock falls was not particularly large, the falls generated an airblast and an abrasive dense sandy cloud that devastated a larger area downslope of the impact sites toward the Happy Isles Nature Center. Immediately downslope of the impacts, the airblast had velocities exceeding 110 m/s and toppled or snapped about 1000 trees. Even at distances of 0.5 km from impact, mind velocities snapped or toppled large trees, causing one fatality and several serious injuries beyond the Happy Isles Nature Center. A dense sandy cloud trailed the airblast and abraded fallen trucks and trees left standing. The Happy Isles rock fall is one of the few known worldwide to have generated an airblast and abrasive dense sandy cloud. The relatively high velocity of the rock fall at impact, estimated to be 110-120 m/s, influenced the severity and areal extent of the airblast at Happy Isles. Specific geologic and topographic conditions, typical of steep glaciated valleys and mountainous terrain, contributed to the rock-fall release and determined its travel path, resulting in a high velocity at impact that generated the devastating airblast and sandy cloud, The unusual effects of this rock fall emphasize the importance of considering collateral geologic hazards, such as airblasts from rock falls, in hazard assessment and planning development of mountainous areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yosemite Natl Pk, CA 95389 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Dept Geophys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Wieczorek, GF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, MS 955, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 7 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 112 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<0075:UJRFAH>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 271AA UT WOS:000084568200006 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, GD Novozhilov, AA Duchkov, AD Prasolov, EM Zavarzin, IV Collett, TS AF Ginsburg, GD Novozhilov, AA Duchkov, AD Prasolov, EM Zavarzin, IV Collett, TS TI Do natural gas hydrates exist in cenomanian strata of the Messoyakha gas field? SO GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article AB The Messoyakha gas field has long been considered a world unique field where gas is extracted from natural gas hydrates. At the same time, this idea has been based solely on implicit evidence. The present study addresses the problem of the gas-hydrate-bearing capacity of the field proceeding from data on its gas production geology and temperature measurements in boreholes and from long-term (1981-97) observations of variability of gas composition. The Cenomanian productive beds of the Messoyakha field are remarkable for their inhomogeneity. Extraction of gas chiefly from the lower portion of the productive beds has caused a descending gas flow from the upper beds, which is marked by negative temperature anomalies observed during logging of abandoned wells. The conditions within the anomalies are favorable for the formation of gas hydrates related to gas extraction. Repeated analyses of PT-conditions in the field showed that they are favorable for gas formation only in the upper strata, and thus the available PT-data do not allow us to be positive about the gas-hydrate-bearing capacity of the field. We have attempted to estimate this capacity on the basis of gas geochemistry using 3000 analyses for helium, 100 analyses for hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, 23 analyses for argon, and eight analyses far all rare gases. During that work we based upon the fact that a number of gas components (primarily helium) do not form hydrates and thus should accumulate in the coexisting gas. Helium concentrations in the Messoyakha field showed to be strongly variable, which might be caused by the hydrate process, including the effects of the field operation. Data on the variability of gas composition, especially on helium concentrations, indicate that natural gas hydrates have never existed in the central part of the field (top of the anticline). Natural gases may occur (or may have occurred prior to the field operation) on the periphery of the field, whereas in its central part, in the upper portion of the productive beds, gas hydrates may have formed around the boreholes during gas extraction. We suppose that the quantitative estimation of the gas-hydrate-bearing capacity of the Messoyakha field should be the main focus of further studies. C1 All Russian Ocean Geol Res Inst, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. Norilskgasprom Joint Stock Co, Norils 663318, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES SIBERIAN BRANCH PI NOVOSIBIRSK PA S P C U I G G M S B R A S, 3 AKADEMIKA KOPTYGA PROSPEKT, 630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SN 0016-7886 J9 GEOL GEOFIZ JI Geol. Geofiz. PY 2000 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1165 EP 1177 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 358XT UT WOS:000089583000007 ER PT J AU Cronin, T Willard, D Karlsen, A Ishman, S Verardo, S McGeehin, J Kerhin, R Holmes, C Colman, S Zimmerman, A AF Cronin, T Willard, D Karlsen, A Ishman, S Verardo, S McGeehin, J Kerhin, R Holmes, C Colman, S Zimmerman, A TI Climatic variability in the eastern United States over the past millennium from Chesapeake Bay sediments SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Holocene climate; benthic foraminifera; Chesapeake Bay; estuarine ecosystem; eastern US precipitation; eastern US climate ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TREE RINGS; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; RECORD; RATES AB Salinity oscillations caused by multidecadal climatic variability had major impacts on the Chesapeake Bay estuarine ecosystem during the past 1000 yr. Microfossils from sediments dated by radiometry (C-14, Cs-137, Pb-210) and pollen stratigraphy indicate that salinity in mesohaline regions oscillated 10-15 ppt during periods of extreme drought (low fresh-water discharge) and wet climate (high discharge). During the past 500 yr, 14 wet-dry cycles occurred, including sixteenth and early seventeenth century megadroughts that exceeded twentieth century droughts in their severity, These droughts correspond to extremely dry climate also recorded in North American tree-ring records and by early colonists. Wet periods occurred every similar to 60-70 yr,began abruptly, lasted <20 yr, and had mean annual rainfall similar to 25%-30% and fresh-water discharge similar to 40%-50% greater than during droughts. A shift toward wetter regional climate occurred in the early nineteenth century, lowering salinity and compounding the effects of agricultural land clearance on bay ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Cronin, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 33 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<3:CVITEU>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 270ZZ UT WOS:000084568100001 ER PT S AU Wright, DL Smith, DV Abraham, JD Hutton, RS Cui, TJ Aydiner, AA Chew, WC AF Wright, DL Smith, DV Abraham, JD Hutton, RS Cui, TJ Aydiner, AA Chew, WC BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Imaging and modeling new VETEM data SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE VETEM; very early time electromagnetic; ground penetrating radar; subsurface imaging; buried object detection; time domain; modeling; loop antennas; electric field antennas AB In previously reported work (Wright and others, 2000) we found that the very early time electromagnetic (VETEM) prototype system produced data from which high resolution images of a buried former foundry site at the Denver Federal Center were made. The soil covering the site is about 30 mS/m conductivity, and is thus relatively unfavorable for ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging. We have surveyed portions of this site again with new electric field dipole antennas and a new receiver designed for these antennas. Comparisons of the images produced using the loop antennas to those produced using the electric field dipole antennas illustrate that for this application the loop antennas produced more useful images. The larger man-made structures can be seen more clearly because they are not masked by dispersion and/or smaller scale variations as with the electric field dipole antennas. The VETEM system now contains an array of antennas with appropriate transmitters and receivers and can be operated as a low frequency time domain GPR or as a high frequency time domain electromagnetic (EM) system with several possible antenna spacings and polarizations. We plan to examine additional configurations. Numerical modeling of the perpendicular loop antenna configuration has been done and depth estimates produced. We conclude that, as with other GPR and time domain EM systems, the best choice of operating parameters depends on the application and the environment, but the inherent flexibility of the VETEM system allows a wide range of options. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wright, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Chew, Weng Cho/C-1792-2009 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 146 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.383546 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100027 ER PT S AU Haeni, FP Buursink, ML Costa, JE Melcher, NB Cheng, RT Plant, WJ AF Haeni, FP Buursink, ML Costa, JE Melcher, NB Cheng, RT Plant, WJ BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Ground-penetrating radar methods used in surface-water discharge measurements SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE GPR; geophysics; streamflow gaging; ground-penetrating radar; surface water; stream-discharge measurement AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of about 7,000 streamflow-gaging stations that monitor open-channel water discharge at locations throughout the United States. The expense, technical difficulties, and concern for the safety of operational personnel under some field conditions have led to the search for alternate measurement methods. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used by the USGS in hydrologic, geologic, environmental, and bridge-scour studies by floating antennas on water or mounting antennas in boats. GPR methods were developed to measure and monitor remotely the cross-sectional area of rivers by suspending a 100-megahertz (MHz) radar antenna from a cableway car or bridge at four unstable streams that drained the slopes of Mount St. Helens in Washington. Based on the success of these initial efforts, an experiment was conducted in 1999 to see if a combination of complementary radar methods could be used to calculate the discharge of a river without having any of the measuring equipment in the water. The cross-sectional area of the 183-meter (m) wide Skagit River in Washington State was measured using a GPR system with a single 100-MHz antenna suspended 0.5 to 3 m above the water surface from a cableway car. A van-mounted, side-looking pulsed-Doppler (10 gigahertz) radar system was used to collect water-surface velocity data across the same section of the river. The combined radar data sets were used to calculate the river discharge and the results compared closely to the discharge measurement made by using the standard in-water measurement techniques. The depth to the river bottom, which was determined from the GPR data by using a radar velocity of 0.04 meters per nanosecond in water, was about 3 m, which was within 0.25 m of the manually measured values. Upon the successful completion of this experiment, the USGS designed two additional experiments to measure surface-water discharge remotely. One planned experiment will be conducted in the eastern United States using a multi-frequency mono-static radar system located on one bank of the river. The other planned experiment will be conducted in the western United States using a multi-frequency bi-static radar system with the transmitter on one riverbank and the receiver on the opposite bank. C1 US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Haeni, FP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11 Sherman Pl,U-5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1117/12.383618 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100087 ER PT S AU Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Harris, JM Haeni, FP Gorelick, SM AF Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Harris, JM Haeni, FP Gorelick, SM BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Attenuation-difference radar tomography: Results of a multiple-plane experiment at the US Geological Survey Fractured-Rock Research Site, Mirror Lake, New Hampshire SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE borehole radar; saline tracer; attenuation-difference tomography; fractures; fractured rock; tracer test AB Attenuation-difference, borehole-radar tomography was used to monitor a series of sodium chloride tracer injection tests conducted within the FSE wellfield at the U.S. Geological Survey Fractured-Rock Hydrology Research Site in Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA. Borehole-radar tomography surveys were conducted by using the sequential-scanning and injection method in three boreholes that form a triangular prism of adjoining tomographic image planes. Attenuation-difference data were inverted by using a weighted damped least-squares (WDLS) inversion method and several different solution simplicity schemes to suppress tomogram artifacts induced by the acquisition geometry, the location and magnitude of the anomaly, and noisy data. Qualitatively, flat tomograms generated by minimizing the norm of the first spatial derivative were most effective at suppressing artifacts. Although artifact suppression measures can be somewhat effective, negative consequences of artifact suppression include (1) reduction in the magnitude of the attenuation differences in the vicinity of the target anomaly and (2) blurring of the anomalies. These effects distort estimates of the location and magnitude of attenuation anomalies. In order to estimate robustly the location and magnitude of attenuation differences, areal constraints were imposed on the WDLS inversions to confine changes in attenuation to regions that are intersected by rays with large attenuation differences and bounded by rays with insignificant attenuation differences. Results from forward modeling support the application of these constraints. The resolution matrix was used to model the effects of acquisition geometry, target anomaly shape, location, and magnitude. For this study, the method of forward modeling indicates that estimates of pixel attenuation are improved by applying areal constraints to the WDLS inversions. Analysis of time-lapse attenuation-difference tomograms from the FSE wellfield indicates the network of fractures that connect the injection well and the pumped wells traverses the tomography-image planes in several different locations. Assuming the inverted magnitudes of pixel attenuation differences were sufficiently robust, changes in attenuation were interpreted to estimate tracer concentration in the image planes. Secondary-porosity estimates were made by assuming that the tracer concentration in the pixels adjacent to the injection zones was equivalent to the injected concentration. By using this method, the secondary porosity estimates range from 7.5 x 10(-4) to 8.5 x 10(-4), which is consistent with estimates reported from previous tracer tests in the FSE wellfield. The experimental, results indicate that attenuation-difference radar tomography can provide high-resolution time-lapse images of the movement of a saline tracer, yielding insight into the three-dimensional spatial distribution of permeable fractures at the site. Planned study efforts will use resolution matrix modeling to optimize acquisition geometry and modified tracer-injection procedures to maximize the resolution of spatial, temporal, and physical property changes that accompany saline-tracer tests. C1 US Geol Survey, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Lane, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 11 Sherman Pl,U-5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 666 EP 675 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100117 ER PT J AU Stewart, M Langevin, C AF Stewart, M Langevin, C TI "Post audit of a numerical prediction of wellfield drawdown in a semiconfined aquifer system - Authors reply SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. RP Stewart, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, 4202 E Fowler Ave,SCA 528, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 6 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00193.x PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 326WW UT WOS:000087761100007 ER PT J AU Comanorand, PL Clark, WH AF Comanorand, PL Clark, WH TI Preliminary growth rates and a proposed age-form classification for the Joshua Tree, Yucca brevifolia (Agavaceae) SO HASELTONIA LA English DT Article AB This paper presents the first published comparative growth-rates for the Joshua Tree, Yucca brevifolia, measured in the field in three plots in the Mojave Desert in 1975, 1985, and 1995. Numerous variables were measured: height growth-rates varied among populations, years, and age-form classes; leaf-cluster number, stem-heights, and diameters increased. Height increments averaged about four cm/yr for all locations and time intervals. Based on our data, we predict the ultimate height and leaf-cluster number for mature plants at our site in the Cima Dome area. We conclude that a 20-year study of this long-lived species only begins to provide insights into its demography. A long-lived desert perennial requires demographic data obtained over a long time-period. This is the first published study to monitor population dynamics for this species over a 20-year period. Without access to growth rings, we developed "age-form" classes to reflect stages in the species' life history and as one basis for comparison. Few plants died and no recruitment was evident. The populations had a fairly constant age-form structure over the 20-year interval. C1 US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Comanorand, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 909 1st Ave,800, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU CACTUS SUCCULENT SOC AMER, INC PI PAHRUMP PA 2391 E CACTUS ST, PAHRUMP, NV 89048 USA SN 1070-0048 J9 HASELTONIA JI Haseltonia PY 2000 IS 7 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 360TN UT WOS:000089683500005 ER PT S AU Wershaw, RL AF Wershaw, RL BE Ghabbour, EA Davies, G TI The study of humic substances - In search of a paradigm SO HUMIC SUBSTANCES: VERSATILE COMPONENTS OF PLANTS, SOIL AND WATER SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Humic Substances Seminar CY MAR 22-24, 2000 CL NE UNIV, BOSTON, MA HO NE UNIV ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ACID FRACTIONS; C-13 NMR; SOIL; SPECTROSCOPY C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wershaw, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-855-3 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2000 IS 259 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BS62L UT WOS:000170596500001 ER PT S AU Wershaw, RL Aiken, GR Leenheer, JA Tregellas, JR AF Wershaw, RL Aiken, GR Leenheer, JA Tregellas, JR BE Ghabbour, EA Davies, G TI Structural-group quantitation by CP/MAS C-13 NMR measurements of dissolved organic matter from natural surface waters SO HUMIC SUBSTANCES: VERSATILE COMPONENTS OF PLANTS, SOIL AND WATER SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Humic Substances Seminar CY MAR 22-24, 2000 CL NE UNIV, BOSTON, MA HO NE UNIV ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CROSS-POLARIZATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; HUMIC-ACID; CHLORINATION; SPECTRA; RELAXATION; PATHWAYS; SOIL C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wershaw, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-855-3 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2000 IS 259 BP 63 EP 81 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BS62L UT WOS:000170596500006 ER PT J AU LaPerriere, JD Edmundson, JA AF LaPerriere, JD Edmundson, JA TI Limnology of two lake systems of Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: Part II. Light penetration and Secchi depth SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE subarctic; Secchi depth; light attenuation coefficient; planktonic chlorophyll ID DISK; CHLOROPHYLL; TURBIDITY; COLOR AB Seven large lakes in the Naknek River drainage and four in the Alagnak River drainage within the Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, were surveyed once a summer during the period 1990-92 to determine baseline limnological conditions. All of the lakes are oligotrophic based on Secchi depth (SD) transparency and light penetration. Overall, SD transparency varied from 4.4 m to 17 m, the vertical light extinction coefficient (K-d) ranged from 0.411 m(-1) to 0.070 m(-1) and the depth of 1% light penetration (I-1%) varied from 11 m to 67 m. However, because of greater light scattering, the percent of photosynthetic radiation (PAR) at SD was nearly twice as much in Battle Lake (30.4%) and Naknek Lake (32.8%), compared with the other nine lakes (mean 16%). Consequently, the ratio of I-1% to SD was about 4 in these two lakes compared to a mean value of 2.6 for the other lakes. However, Battle Lake is a `deep blue' calcium sulfate lake with little phytoplankton, whereas Naknek Lake contains some inorganic glacial flour and volcanic ash, as well as planktonic algae, but where sampled exhibits minimal turbidity. Biomass of planktonic algae (indexed by total chlorophyll concentration) explained most of the variation in SD (r(2)=0.66), K-d (r(2)=0.75), and I-1% (r(2)=0.85). In contrast, neither color nor turbidity were significant predictors of any optical variable. Considering all 11 lakes, there was a significant linear relationship between SD and both K-d (r(2)=0.80) and I-1% (r(2)=0.72); however, most of the unaccounted for variation was attributed to Battle Lake and Naknek Lake. Although changes in water transparency are often linked to changes in algal biomass (chlorophyll), simple measures of SD transparency alone may not be appropriate for assessing whole-scale watershed or regional changes toward oligotrophication or eutrophication in lakes of the remote and pristine Katmai National Park and Preserve. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Edmundson, JA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, 43961 Kalifornsky Beach Rd, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2000 VL 418 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1003990600537 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 295ZG UT WOS:000085998100018 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Tsengeg, P Whitlock, P Ellis, MH AF Ellis, DH Tsengeg, P Whitlock, P Ellis, MH TI Predators as prey at a Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos eyrie in Mongolia SO IBIS LA English DT Article ID DIET C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. Inst Raptor Studies, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, HCR 1 Box 4420, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI TRING PA C/O NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, SUB-DEPT ORNITHOLOGY, TRING, HERTS, ENGLAND HP23 6AP SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JAN PY 2000 VL 142 IS 1 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb07694.x PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 270YN UT WOS:000084564900018 ER PT B AU Ball, JW Nordstrom, DK Runkel, RL AF Ball, JW Nordstrom, DK Runkel, RL GP ICARD ICARD TI Reactive and non-reactive transport modeling for Wightman Fork, Summitville Mine, Colorado: Application of the OTTS/OTEQ model to a low-flow synoptic study SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SULFATE; ALUMINUM; SIMULATION; STABILITY; STREAMS; WATERS; IRON; PH AB Low-flow reactive-transport processes in Wightman Fork downstream of the Summitville Mine, south-central Colorado were simulated using the OTIS and OTEQ solute-transport models. The simulation was calibrated using data from a synoptic study conducted during October, 1998. Discharge over the 8-km reach from just below the mine site to the Alamosa River confluence ranged from 0.077 to 0.17 m(3)/s; travel time was 10.7 hours; pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.7. Simulations revealed that mass balance for SO4 was maintained, and that pH, Fe, and Al were non-conservative. Simulations allowing hydrous ferric and aluminum oxide or hydroxysulfate precipitation matched observed water quality conditions more closely than simulations without precipitation. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ball, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 125 EP + PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500015 ER PT B AU Seal, RR Hammarstrom, JM Foley, NK Alpers, CN AF Seal, RR Hammarstrom, JM Foley, NK Alpers, CN GP ICARD ICARD TI Geoenvironmental models for seafloor base- and precious-metal massive sulfide deposits SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID NATURAL BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS; MINERALIZED AREAS; IRON-MOUNTAIN; WATER; CALIFORNIA; MINE; CAMP AB Geoenvironmental models are compilations of geologic, geochemical, and hydrologic information that describe both the pre- and post-mining environmental signatures of mineral deposits. The environmental behavior of seafloor massive sulfide deposits varies according to deposit type. This study has divided massive sulfide deposits into six categories: (1) Noranda-type, (2) Kuroko-type, (3) Cyprus-type, (4) Bathurst-type, (5) Besshi-type, and (6) sedimentary-exhalative deposits. In addition to Fe and Al, the heavy metals most commonly associated with drainage from these deposits are Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As. Metal ratios of mine drainage and natural background waters tend to reflect the primary character of the ores. Variations in pyrite and pyrrhotite contents are reflected in lower pH values associated with pyrite-rich deposit types. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 954 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 151 EP 160 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500018 ER PT B AU Yager, DB Stanton, MR AF Yager, DB Stanton, MR GP ICARD ICARD TI Multidimensional spatial modeling of the May Day mine waste pile, Silverton, Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Integration and synthesis of mine-site topography, geophysical, and geochemical data yields both two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspective models for the May Day mine located in the Cement Creek drainage near Silverton, Colorado. Induced polarization, geophysical data are spatially registered with geochemical data acquired from drill hole cuttings that are contoured in three-dimensional space, thereby permitting determination of the most metalliferous and sulfur rich zones of a waste pile. This spatial modeling application was developed to be a visually intuitive tool to aid in mine waste reclamation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Yager, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 297 EP + PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500032 ER PT B AU Rytuba, JJ Enderlin, D Ashley, R Seal, R Hunerlach, MP AF Rytuba, JJ Enderlin, D Ashley, R Seal, R Hunerlach, MP GP ICARD ICARD TI Evolution of the McLaughlin gold mine pit lakes, California SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID WATERS AB Cessation of open pit mining in 1996 at the McLaughlin hot-spring type gold deposit has resulted in the development of two pit lakes that will be managed as permanent lakes with a total storage capacity of 10,000 acre-feet. The south pit lake developed from alkaline ground water infiltration and had an initial pH of 7.2. It contained high concentrations of boron and chloride, indicating that it consisted of a mix of meteoric and evolved connate waters. Numerous carbon dioxide gas vents were present initially in the shallow south pit lake, but as the pit lake increased in depth, gas venting ceased and carbon dioxide is retained in the lower layer of the chemically stratified lake. Continued increase of dissolved carbon dioxide in the lower layer increases the potential for a limnic eruption. A chemocline occurs at a depth of 47 m. The upper layer of the lake has lower pH, temperature, and conductivity than the lower layer. Effluent from ore and waste rock piles directed into the south pit lake has contributed to high levels of antimony, arsenic, cobalt, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Iron oxyhydroxide is abundant in mine effluent that enters the pit lake and adsorption onto this phase has lowered the arsenic and antimony concentrations. The north pit lake formed primarily from winter surface runoff. The acidic water, pH 4.56, initially had high concentrations of cobalt, mercury, and nickel derived from weathering products of pyritized serpentinite and shales. Buffering by wall rocks has established a slightly alkaline pH of 7.62. The concentrations of trace metals in the north pit lake have substantially decreased due to continued dilution of the lake by surface runoff and remediation of parts of the pit walls that have been covered by backfill. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Rytuba, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 367 EP 375 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500039 ER PT B AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, CA GP ICARD ICARD TI Relations among sulfate, metals, sediment, and streamflow data for a stream draining a coal-mined watershed in East-Central Pennsylvania SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID IRON; DRAINAGE AB Streamflow and water-quality data for the northern part of Swatara Creek, which drains a 112-km(2) area in the Southern Anthracite Field of east-central Pennsylvania, indicate iron, copper, and lead, and to a lesser extent manganese and zinc, are transported with suspended particles during stormflow conditions. During stormflow conditions, concentrations of these constituents typically peak prior to peak stream stage as a result of scour and transport of streambed deposits. In contrast, sulfate is transported mostly as a dissolved ion. Concentrations of sulfate, specific conductance, and pH are inversely related to streamflow, indicating dilution and acidification during stormflow. This effect is attributed to the mixing of poorly buffered stream water having pH 6.0-6.5 with weakly acidic storm runoff having pH 4.0-4.5 and low dissolved solids. C1 US Geol Survey, Lemoyne, PA 17043 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 840 Market St, Lemoyne, PA 17043 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 401 EP 410 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500042 ER PT B AU Gray, F Wirt, L Caruthers, K Gu, AL Velez, C Hirschberg, DM Bolm, K AF Gray, F Wirt, L Caruthers, K Gu, AL Velez, C Hirschberg, DM Bolm, K GP ICARD ICARD TI Transport and fate of Zn and Cu rich, low pH water in surface and ground water from porphyry copper and related ore deposits, Basin and Range Province, Southeastern Arizona SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Understanding sources of dissolved metals and transport characteristics of acid drainage is needed to assist land-use strategies in mineralized regions, particularly in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Water-quality samples were collected from mined and un-mined parts of the Patagonia and southern Santa Rita Mountains of southern Arizona from streams, springs, seeps, adits, alluvial wells, and bedrock wells. Water quality during base-flow conditions was compared with that of runoff samples from infrequent winter and summer storms. The largest fraction of annual discharge in these ephemeral streams consists of storm runoff, although springs provide a steady source of low discharge base now to numerous intermittent perennial reaches. Several abandoned mines in the northern Patagonia Mountains contribute acid and heavy metals to streams. During base-flow conditions in mineralized areas, natural springs and intermittent stream reaches produce acidity but the volume is typically low and acidity is often diluted or neutralized down gradient. Overland runoff contains low concentrations of dissolved metals and moderate acidity, however, stream waters were strongly acidified and metal-laden from contact with abundant pyrite-bearing stream sediments derived from erosion of waste-rock material in and along the sides of the stream channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Gray, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 520 N Pk Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 411 EP + PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500043 ER PT B AU Alpers, CN Nordstrom, DK AF Alpers, CN Nordstrom, DK GP ICARD ICARD TI Estimation of pre-mining conditions for trace metal mobility in mineralized areas: An overview SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID NATURAL BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; MINE; CALIFORNIA; IMPACT; WATER AB A variety of approaches have been used in the recent literature for the estimation of pre-mining (or natural background) metal concentrations in areas affected by mining. The following is a list of some of these approaches: (1) historical and anecdotal data, (2) remote analogues (other similarly mineralized areas), (3) proximal analogues (nearby mineralized areas), (4) sediment sampling (streambeds, lakes, estuaries, floodplain deposits, and soil profiles), (5) stable isotopes (hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and carbon), (6) geochemical modeling (forward, equilibrium-based), (7) geochemical modeling (forward, kinetic- and transport-based, and inverse), (8) statistical analyses, (9) mass balance on oxygen flux, (10) mass balance with age determination of weathered material. Examples of each approach are described, and the strengths and limitations of each approach are discussed. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Alpers, CN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer HAll,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 463 EP 472 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500046 ER PT B AU Church, SE Fey, DL Blair, R AF Church, SE Fey, DL Blair, R GP ICARD ICARD TI Pre-mining bed sediment geochemical baseline in the Animas River watershed, Southwestern Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Determination of the pre-mining geochemical baseline in bed sediments in watersheds impacted by historical mining activity is important in establishing watershed restoration goals. We have developed methods to solve this problem in the Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado, using geomorphologic mapping to identify terraces that contain pre-mining sediments. Following a systematic evaluation of possible sites, we collected samples of pre-mining sediments in gravel deposits from 21 sites throughout the watershed. Geochemical analysis of individual layers has produced a chemical stratigraphy that can be tied to the historical record through geochronological and dendochronological studies. Analysis of geochemical data, when coupled with the historical record, clearly shows that there has been a major impact on the geochemistry in bed sediments in the active stream channel by past mining activities. Historical mining has resulted in a substantial increase in metals in the very fine sand to clay-sized component of the bed sediment of the upper Animas River, and Cement and Mineral Creeks, which are the major tributaries of the Animas River. Enrichment factors for metals in modern bed sediments, relative to the pre-mining sediments, range from 1 to 6 for arsenic, 1 to more than 10 for cadmium, 1 to about 15 for copper, 1 to more than 25 for lead, 1 to more than 10 for silver, and 1.6 to more than 12 for zinc. The pre-mining bed sediment geochemical baseline is high relative to average crustal abundance values of many metals. The Animas River watershed above Silverton, Colorado would be readily identified as a highly mineralized area suitable for mineral exploration if it were not disturbed by mining. C1 US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Church, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 499 EP 512 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500049 ER PT B AU Mast, MA Verplanck, PL Yager, DB Wright, WG Bove, DJ AF Mast, MA Verplanck, PL Yager, DB Wright, WG Bove, DJ GP ICARD ICARD TI Natural sources of metals to surface waters in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB The upper Animas River watershed is affected by metal-rich drainage from abandoned mines and by natural weathering of mineralized bedrock. To investigate the importance of natural metal sources, surface waters were sampled in a minimally mined but intensely altered area of the watershed. Water chemistry was strongly controlled by the degree of bedrock alteration. Propylitically altered rocks, which contain calcite, produced neutral waters with low metal concentrations, whereas quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration was characterized by acid-sulfate type waters with high metal concentrations. A mass-balance approach was used to estimate natural metal sources, which accounted for 56-90% of the dissolved metal load discharging from the study area. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Mast, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 513 EP 522 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500050 ER PT B AU Bove, DJ Mast, MA Wright, WG Verplanck, PL Meeker, GP Yager, DB AF Bove, DJ Mast, MA Wright, WG Verplanck, PL Meeker, GP Yager, DB GP ICARD ICARD TI Geologic control on acidic and metal-rich waters in the southeast Red Mountains area, near Silverton, Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID PARTICLE AB Areally extensive acid sulfate-altered and mineralized rock in the southeast Red Mountains area is noted for its association with naturally occurring and mine-related acidic and metal-rich waters. Integrated geologic and aqueous geochemical studies demonstrate that the degree of metal mobilization and acid production in natural waters correlates well with the type of hydrothermally altered rock and structural features in which these water interact. Quartz-sericite-pyrite, quartz-alunite, and argillic alteration assemblages are associated with some of the most naturally acidic, high-metal waters in the study area; calcite-bearing propylitic rocks are related to the most pristine waters and buffer sulfate-rich, acidic waters produced by pyrite oxidation. Trace metals in natural waters are mostly derived from enargite, zinc-rich tetrahedrite and sphalerite. Pyrite oxidation contributes very little with respect to base-metals in these natural waters. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bove, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 523 EP 533 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500051 ER PT B AU Yager, DB Mast, MA Verplanck, PL Bove, DJ Wright, WG Hageman, PL AF Yager, DB Mast, MA Verplanck, PL Bove, DJ Wright, WG Hageman, PL GP ICARD ICARD TI Natural versus mining-related water quality degradation to tributaries draining Mount Moly, Silverton, Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID SCHWERTMANNITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENT; IRON AB Geological, hydrological, and geochemical information synthesized in a Geographical Information System (GIS) for water and rock surrounding South and Middle Forks of Mineral Creek, northwest of Silverton, Colorado, was analyzed to distinguish between the natural and the mining-related sources of metals to surface waters in the watershed. An important natural source of metals to surface water emanates from a porphyry molybdenum deposit south and upslope from the Middle Fork of Mineral Creek. Interaction of surface and ground water with fractured, altered rocks and permeable, Quaternary-age surficial deposits produces downstream water quality that does not meet current State of Colorado water quality standards for metals and pH. GIS site characterization and three-dimensional modeling distinguish surficial deposits as volumetrically substantial, significant sources of naturally occurring metals that strongly influence water quality and complicate ongoing mine-site mitigation efforts. Our findings indicate that regional hydrologic and geologic information needs to be evaluated before realistic water-quality guidelines are established and mitigation recommendations are confidently implemented. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Yager, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 535 EP + PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500052 ER PT B AU Sibrell, PL Watten, BJ Friedrich, AE Vinci, BJ AF Sibrell, PL Watten, BJ Friedrich, AE Vinci, BJ GP ICARD ICARD TI ARD remediation with limestone in a CO2 pressurized reactor SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB We evaluated a new process for remediation of acid rock drainage (ARD). The process treats ARD with intermittently fluidized beds of granular limestone maintained within a continuous now reactor pressurized with CO2. Tests were performed over a thirty day period at the Toby Creek mine drainage treatment plant, Elk County, Pennsylvania in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Equipment performance was established at operating pressures of 0, 34, 82, and 117 kPa using an ARD flow of 227 L/min. The ARD had the following characteristics: pH, 3.1; temperature, 10 OC; dissolved oxygen, 6.4 mg/L; acidity, 260 mg/L; total iron, 21 mg/L; aluminum, 22 mg/L; manganese, 7.5 mg/L; and conductivity, 1400 muS/cm. In all cases tested, processed ARD was net alkaline with mean pH and alkalinities of 6.7 and 59 mg/L at a CO2 pressure of 0 kPa, 6.6 and 158 mg/L at 34 kPa, 7.4 and 240 mg/L at 82 kPa, and 7.4 and 290 mg/L at 117 kPa. Processed ARD alkalinities were correlated to the settled bed depth (p <0.001) and CO2 pressure (p <0.001). Iron, aluminum, and manganese removal efficiencies of 96%, 99%, and 5%, respectively, were achieved with filtration following treatment. No indications of metal hydroxide precipitation or armoring of the limestone were observed. The surplus alkalinity established at 82 kPa was successful in treating an equivalent of 1136 L/min (five-fold dilution) of the combined three ARD streams entering the Toby Creek Plant. This side-stream capability provides savings in treatment unit scale as well as flexibility in treatment effect. The capability of the system to handle higher influent acidity was tested by elevating the acidity to 5000 mg/L with sulfuric acid. Net alkaline effluent was produced, indicating applicability of the process to highly acidic ARD. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1017 EP 1026 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500098 ER PT B AU Sato, M Robbins, EI AF Sato, M Robbins, EI GP ICARD ICARD TI Recovery/removal of metallic elements from acid mine drainage using ozone SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Many problems associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) are caused by the complex way molecular oxygen (O-2) oxidizes reduced matter at surface temperatures. In aqueous solution, O-2 kinetically "prefers" to go through the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an intermediate. Being innately unstable, H2O2 is quickly decomposed back to water and oxygen in the presence of dissolved Fe and Mn, both catalysts for the decomposition. Direct addition of H2O2 to AMD produced similar results. Ozone (O-3) is a much faster and stronger oxidizer than either O-2 or H2O2 In the laboratory, O-3 rapidly precipitated Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Pb, and Ag even in acidic solutions. The experiments indicate that AMD can probably be processed with ozone and metal oxides/hydroxide recovered in flow systems using only septic-tank-size reactors and small sedimentation ponds. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1095 EP 1100 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500107 ER PT B AU Kimball, BA Bencala, KE Runkel, RL AF Kimball, BA Bencala, KE Runkel, RL GP ICARD ICARD TI Quantifying effects of metal loading from mine drainage SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID TRANSPORT AB Thousands of abandoned and inactive mines are located in environmentally sensitive mountain watersheds. Cost-effective remediation of mining sites in these watersheds requires knowledge of the most significant sources of metals to surface waters. The significance of a given source not only depends upon the concentrations of a toxic metal, but also on the total mass, or load of metal added to the stream. To determine loads, we combined tracer-injection methods, to provide reliable discharge measurements on a watershed scale, with synoptic sampling, to provide spatially detailed concentration data. The resulting load profiles indicate which sources have the greatest effect on streams, where natural attenuation of metal loads occurs, and where ground-water inflows are located. This is part of the information needed for planning remediation of mine-drainage effects. The approach is illustrated by comparing zinc loading curves from three watersheds affected by mine drainage. C1 US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1381 EP 1389 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500138 ER PT B AU Wirt, L Leib, KJ Mast, MA AF Wirt, L Leib, KJ Mast, MA GP ICARD ICARD TI Chemical-constituent loads during thunderstorm runoff in a high-altitude alpine stream affected by acid drainage SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Chemical-constituent loads were determined for an alpine stream in southwestern Colorado that is affected by natural acid drainage from weathering of hydrothermally-altered rock and from acidic metal-rich discharge from abandoned mines. Base-now loads were compared to storm-related loads using a tracer-dilution approach. A rainstorm occurred during the tracer injection, providing the opportunity to measure metal loads before, during, and after storm runoff Chemical-constituent loads during the storm increased by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude relative to base-now conditions. The increase in loads was related to two distinct periods; (1) a flush of higher concentrations that occurred soon after rainfall began, and (2) the peak of storm runoff. The initial flush - having no measurable change in discharge - contained the highest loads of trace metals and dissolved iron. The chemical character of peak runoff was distinctly different as evidenced by the highest loads of total and dissolved major elements and total iron. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wirt, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1391 EP 1401 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500139 ER PT B AU Smith, KS Walton-Day, K Ranville, JF AF Smith, KS Walton-Day, K Ranville, JF GP ICARD ICARD TI Evaluating the effects of fluvial tailings deposits on water quality in the upper Arkansas River basin, Colorado: Observational scale considerations SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID USA AB Four different scales of observation were used to evaluate the potential effects of a fluvial tailings deposit on water quality along the flood plain of the upper Arkansas River south of Leadville, Colorado. First, we collected surficial material and subjected it to batch water-leaching tests. Second, we excavated and leached an intact eight-inch-diameter core. Third, we examined the water quality of the shallow ground water beneath the fluvial tailings deposit; and fourth, we monitored water quality along a 5-km reach of the adjacent Arkansas River. Leaching of surficial samples indicates that there is a reservoir of readily water-soluble material yielding elevated metal concentrations and high acidity. However, there are minimal measurable water-quality effects of the fluvial tailings deposit on the adjacent reach of the Arkansas River. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1415 EP 1424 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500141 ER PT B AU Boyle, TP Gustina, GW AF Boyle, TP Gustina, GW GP ICARD ICARD TI A strategy for use of multivariate methods of analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities to assess mine-related ecological stress. SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Analysis of the structure of the benthic macroinvertebrate community, consisting of the number of taxa and the relative distribution of total numbers, is a routine method of assessing the ecological quality of streams. Various multivariate statistical techniques, which assess the structural variability of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and the relationship of that variability with natural and anthropogenic environmental variables, have utility in separation of the various physical and chemical factors associated with impact. Multivariate methodology, while computationally complex, is statistically rigorous and better integrates physical, chemical and biological data for more synthetic interpretation. Using the multivariate analysis technique, canonical correspondence analysis, we have analyzed a number of sites in the upper Boulder River Basin, Montana to determine which are the important environmental variables associated with variation in community structure. The results of this analysis are integrated with more traditional analysis of community structure and incorporated in a risk analysis for the remediation of abandoned mines and mill sites within the watershed. C1 Colorado State Univ, USGS, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Boyle, TP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USGS, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Aylesworth NW, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1425 EP 1431 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500142 ER PT B AU Walton-Day, K Healy, RW Maestas, FB Ranalli, AJ AF Walton-Day, K Healy, RW Maestas, FB Ranalli, AJ GP ICARD ICARD TI Effects of remediation on geochemistry and hydrology of the unsaturated zone of pluvial tailings deposits in the floodplain of the upper Arkansas River, Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Water movement and water chemistry were monitored in the unsaturated zone at two sites in fluvial tailings deposits along the Arkansas River near Leadville, Colorado. One of the sites was remediated by the incorporation of lime and biosolids into the soil. Preliminary results, based on data collected during the 11 months following remediation, indicate that differences between the two sites can largely be attributed to heterogeneity of the deposits. Remediation has increased the alkalinity in the upper soil zone, but as of yet, there is no indication that soils at depths greater than 30 cm have been affected. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Walton-Day, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1443 EP 1450 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500144 ER PT B AU Smith, KS Ramsey, CA Hageman, PL AF Smith, KS Ramsey, CA Hageman, PL GP ICARD ICARD TI Sampling strategy for the rapid screening of mine-waste dumps on abandoned mine lands SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB We developed a statistically based strategy for sampling the surficial material of mine-waste dumps for use in screening and prioritizing historic dumps on abandoned mine lands. This sampling strategy entails the collection of a representative composite sample from individual dumps and allows for regional or watershed-based assessments. One 30-increment dump-composite sample collected using this sampling strategy contains as much information, relative to average value, as 30 individual grab samples at 1/30 of the analytical cost. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, KS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1453 EP 1461 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500145 ER PT B AU Hageman, PL Briggs, PH AF Hageman, PL Briggs, PH GP ICARD ICARD TI A simple field leach test for rapid screening and qualitative characterization of mine waste dump material on abandoned mine lands SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB An important tool for use in the geochemical assessment of abandoned mine-waste piles is a leach procedure that can easily be done in the field and used for on-site screening of historic mine-waste material. We have developed a simple field leach test that is an effective indicator of waste pile geochemistry and can be used in order to establish the relative geochemical fingerprint for a given pile. This simple procedure also provides indication of the potential chemical composition of run-off from the weathered surface of these piles. As part of developing this technique, a comparative study was carried out on eight mine-waste composite samples from different deposit types. Splits of all eight composites were leached using the field leach test procedure and a modified version of EPA Method 1312 (SPLP). We found that the field leach test consistently provides relative indication of leachate geochemical trends comparable to leachate data derived from the more regulated, time consuming, and laborious EPA Method 1312 (SPLP). C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hageman, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1463 EP 1475 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500146 ER PT B AU Fey, DL Desborough, GA Church, SE AF Fey, DL Desborough, GA Church, SE GP ICARD ICARD TI Comparison of two leach procedures applied to metal-mining related wastes in Colorado and Montana and a relative ranking method for mine wastes SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB About 100 mine-waste dumps from past metal exploration and mining in Colorado and Montana were sampled using surficial-sampling methods for laboratory studies of the minus-2-mm fraction. In the laboratory, the composite samples were split into 100g samples that were leached to assess their acid-generation potential and associated release of potentially toxic metals that may degrade water quality in the headwaters of the Animas River watershed in Colorado and the Boulder River watershed in Montana. Two leach methods were studied: a passive leach using de-ionized water, and a more aggressive leach following the EPA-1312 method. The resulting pH values of the leachates using both methods are comparable. The concentrations of sulfate and several, but not all, dissolved or water-soluble metals are higher in the EPA-1312 leachates than in the passive leachates; however, the overall trends of the data are very similar. The passive leach method is less labor intensive and may be more representative of the natural weathering process occurring on the mine-waste dumps, simulating the natural precipitation and snowmelt. Three chemical characteristics of mine wastes studied here provide a relative ranking of mine-waste dumps for the purpose of determining priority for removal or remediation. These characteristics are: net acid production (NAP), sum of dissolved toxic metals (Sigma As+Cd+Cu+Pb+Zn), and dissolved iron in leachates. Ranking can be done evaluating plots of NAP versus the sum of dissolved toxic metals, and NAP versus dissolved iron. These two plots serve as a basis for relative ranking of polymetallic-vein and acid-sulfate mine wastes studied. This ranking scheme may apply to mine wastes from production of other deposit types in other watersheds. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Fey, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1477 EP 1487 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500147 ER PT B AU Leinz, RW Sutley, SJ Desborough, GA Briggs, PH AF Leinz, RW Sutley, SJ Desborough, GA Briggs, PH GP ICARD ICARD TI An investigation of the partitioning of metals in mine wastes using sequential extractions SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID DISSOLUTION AB The mode of occurrence of metals in mine wastes is investigated using sequential extractions. Metals are extracted from some or all of seven operationally-defined phases: water-soluble, ion-exchangeable, carbonate, amorphous Fe-oxide, crystalline Fe-oxide, sulfide, and silicate. The quantity of metals extracted from each phase varies with particle size. The presence of jarosite (potassium end-member formula, KFe3[SO4](2)[OH](6)) influences the selection of the procedure for extracting the crystalline Fe-oxide phase. Anglesite (PbSO4) and cerussite (PbCO3) are extracted as several phases. Extraction results can be explained only in part by X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy because of lack of specificity of the extraction procedures, relatively high XRD detection limits, and the presence of 40% XRD-amorphous matter in each waste. The increasing chemical strength of the sequentially applied methods provides a basis for judging metal availability, water-soluble metals being most available and silicate-bound metals being least available. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Leinz, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1489 EP 1499 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500148 ER PT B AU Stanton, MR AF Stanton, MR GP ICARD ICARD TI The role of weathering in trace metal redistributions in the Mayday mine dump near Silverton, Colorado SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of 46 samples from six drill cores in the Mayday mine pile near Silverton, Colorado, demonstrate wide variability in trace metal contents with spatial location. This variability results from the original geochemical composition of mined rocks, mixing of ore and non-ore rocks during emplacement of the pile, and weathering since rocks were placed in the pile. Weathering reactions are controlled by factors such as pile thickness (depth), water availability, microbial activity, and mineral dissolution and formation kinetics. These factors result in variable redistributions of trace metals from primary (ore) to secondary (weathering products) minerals within each core. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Stanton, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1501 EP 1509 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500149 ER PT B AU Campbell, DL Fitterman, DV AF Campbell, DL Fitterman, DV GP ICARD ICARD TI Geoelectrical methods for investigating mine dumps SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID RESISTIVITY AB We've used direct current resistivity (DC), electromagnetic (EM), induced polarization (IP), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) geoelectrical methods to study mine dumps. The results reflect lithology, pore water saturation, and dissolved solids in the pore water. If the pore water has a pH less than 5, conductivity maps can indicate acid generating potential. IP measurements can help distinguish mineralogy in mine dumps, especially concentrations of sulfide minerals. EM and DC can help locate acidic/high TDS groundwater associated with mine dumps. GPR methods failed at the sites we studied in the West. Our own conclusions are augmented by those from the recent literature. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Campbell, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1513 EP + PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500150 ER PT B AU Smith, BD McCafferty, AE McDougal, RR AF Smith, BD McCafferty, AE McDougal, RR GP ICARD ICARD TI Utilization of airborne magnetic, electromagnetic, and radiometric data in abandoned mine land investigations SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Magnetic, electromagnetic, and radiometric airborne survey data have been used in regional and local (drainage basin) scales. In a regional geoenvironmental assessment of the state of Montana, magnetic and radiometric data compiled from airborne surveys were used along with other digital geologic and geochemical data to prioritize mining districts for potential acid water generation. Probability ratio mapping was done in order to integrate the interpretation of many different digital data sets. On a more local scale, the Animas (CO) and Boulder Basin (MT) watersheds have been studied using helicopter geophysical surveys. The airborne geophysical surveys show many more structural features than the geologic maps. Combined interpretation of the geophysical data sets using the probability ratio method has resulted in identification of areas of alteration. Airborne radiometric data in the Boulder Basin area suggests that rocks with high potassium and thorium also have a high acid water buffering capacity. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1525 EP + PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500151 ER PT B AU Swayze, GA Smith, KS Clark, RN Sutley, SJ AF Swayze, GA Smith, KS Clark, RN Sutley, SJ GP ICARD ICARD TI Imaging spectroscopy: A new screening tool for mapping acidic mine waste SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID AVIRIS DATA; SPECTROMETER AB Imaging spectroscopy is a relatively new remote sensing tool that provides a rapid method to screen entire mining districts for potential sources of surface acid drainage. An imaging spectrometer known as the Airborne Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) measures light reflected from the surface in 224 spectral channels from 0.4 - 2.5 mum. Spectral data from this instrument were used to evaluate mine waste at the California Gulch Superfund Site near Leadville, Colorado. Here, the process of pyrite oxidation at the surface produces acidic water that is gradually neutralized as it drains away from mine waste, depositing a central jarosite zone surrounded by a jarosite + goethite zone, in turn surrounded by a goethite zone with a discontinuous hematite rim zone. Leaching tests show that pH is most acidic in the jarosite and jarosite+goethite zones and is near-neutral in the goethite zone. Measurements indicate that metals leach from minerals and amorphous materials in the jarosite + goethite and jarosite zones at concentrations 10 - 50 times higher than from goethite zone minerals. Goethite zones that fully encircle mine waste may indicate some attenuation of leachate metals and thus reduced metal loading to streams. The potential for impact by acidic drainage is highest where streams intersect the jarosite and jarosite + goethite zones. In these areas, metal-rich acidic surface runoff may flow directly into streams. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates (U.S. EPA, 1998) that mineral maps made from AVIRIS data at Leadville have accelerated remediation efforts by two years and saved over $2 million in cleanup costs. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Swayze, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 973,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1531 EP + PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500152 ER PT B AU Dalton, JB King, TVV Bove, DJ Kokaly, RF Clark, RJ Vance, JS Swayze, GA AF Dalton, JB King, TVV Bove, DJ Kokaly, RF Clark, RJ Vance, JS Swayze, GA GP ICARD ICARD TI Distribution of acid-generating and acid-buffering minerals in the Animas River Watershed as determined by AVIRIS spectroscopy SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Visible-wavelength and near-infrared multispectral image cubes for the Animas River Watershed from Hermosa, Colorado to the headwaters at Animas Forks, Colorado were acquired on June 18, 1996 using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's AVIRIS (Airborne Visible and InfraRed imaging Spectrometer) instrument (Green et al., 1998). These image cubes have been analyzed using the USGS Tetracorder V3.4 implementation (Clark et al., 1995), an expert system which utilizes a database of more than 300 laboratory spectra of endmember minerals and mineral mixtures to generate maps of mineralogy, vegetation coverage, and other material distributions. Major iron-bearing, clay, carbonate, and other minerals were identified along with several minerals associated with acid-generating hydrothermal systems including pyrite, jarosite, alunite and goethite. Additionally, distributions of alkaline minerals such as calcite and chlorite indicate a relation between acid-buffering assemblages and stream geochemistry within the watershed. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Dalton, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1541 EP + PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500153 ER PT B AU Robbins, EI Anderson, JE Cravotta, CA Nord, GL Slonecker, ET AF Robbins, EI Anderson, JE Cravotta, CA Nord, GL Slonecker, ET GP ICARD ICARD TI Remotely-sensed multispectral reflectance variations in acidic versus near-neutral contaminated coal mine drainage in Pennsylvania SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO ID IRON; SCHWERTMANNITE; BACTERIA AB Remote sensing is being tested for its ability to identify the severity of impact on streams that are subjected to contaminated mine drainage (CMD) in the Southern Anthracite Coalfield of Pennsylvania Airborne digital multispectral video images of acidic and near-neutral CMD are being compared with field spectra, water chemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology. Spectral differences in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum are caused by the presence of schwertmannite in the acidic precipitates and ferrihydrite in the near-neutral precipitates. The acidic CMD averages 1,500 mg/L sulfate and has bacteria coated with schwertmannite; the near-neutral CMD averages 87 mg/L sulfate and has bacteria coated with ferrihydrite. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Robbins, EI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1551 EP + PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500154 ER PT B AU Benson, MG Faundeen, JL AF Benson, MG Faundeen, JL BE Stein, TI TI The US Geological Survey, remote sensing, and geoscience data: Using standards to serve us all SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) advocates the use of standards with geosciences and remotely sensed data and metadata for its own purposes and those of its customers. In activities that range from archiving data to making a product, the incorporation of standards makes these functions repeatable and understandable. More important, when accepted standards are followed, data discovery and sharing can be more efficient and the overall value to society can be expanded. The USGS archives many terabytes of digital geoscience and remotely sensed data. Several million photographs are also available to the research community. To manage these vast holdings and ensure that strict preservation and high usability criteria are observed, the USGS uses standards within the archival, data management, public access and ordering, and data distribution areas. The USGS uses Federal and international standards in performing its role as the U.S. National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive and in its mission as the long-term archive and production center for aerial photographs and cartographic data covering the United States. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Benson, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1202 EP 1204 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000389 ER PT B AU Brown, LR Kratzer, CR Dubrovsky, NM AF Brown, LR Kratzer, CR Dubrovsky, NM BE Scow, KM Fogg, GE Hinton, DE Johnson, ML TI Integrating chemical, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage data from the San Joaquin River drainage, California SO INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on From Cumulative Impacts Toward Sustainable Solutions - Critical Methodologies for the Study of Ecosystem Health CY SEP 08-10, 1996 CL UNIV CA DAVIS, DAVIS, CA HO UNIV CA DAVIS DE water quality; pesticides; habitat; fish assemblages; biomonitoring ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; INDEX; COMMUNITIES AB As part of the National Water Quality Assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey, studies of concentrations of dissolved pesticides and other measures of water quality, stream habitat. and fish assemblages were conducted in the San Joaquin River drainage, California, from 1992 to 1994. Forty-nine pesticide compounds were detected in one or more water samples collected for analysis. The ten most frequently occurring compounds were simazine, diazinon, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, DCPA, EPTC, trifluralin, atrazine, diuron, and cyanazine. Detailed studies at four sites revealed significant seasonal variability in the number of pesticides detected in individual site samples and in the summed concentrations of all pesticides detected in a site sample. Concentrations of diazinon were related with application patterns to different crop types and to timing of rainfall. Significant correlations were found between water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage data. The correlations, however, were dependent on the number and locations of the sites included in the analysis. There was no clear link between pesticide concentrations and fish assemblages. Our results highlighted differences in the temporal and spatial scales of sampling between the water quality and ecological studies. The water quality and pesticide studies emphasized sampling over short periods of time at few sites, but the ecological studies emphasized single samples over a large geographic area because of lack of information on the range of possible ecological conditions in the study area. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. OI Brown, Lee/0000-0001-6269-4616 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-453-7 PY 2000 BP 25 EP 62 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP25W UT WOS:000084508200003 ER PT S AU Reichard, EG Hauchman, FS Sancha, AM AF Reichard, EG Hauchman, FS Sancha, AM BE Reichard, EG Hauchman, FS Sancha, AM TI Interdisciplinary perspectives on drinking water risk assessment and management - Preface SO INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON DRINKING WATER RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risk From Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, US Geol Survey, Univ Chile HO UNIV CHILE C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. RP Reichard, EG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-11-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 260 BP V EP V PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BR04W UT WOS:000165502300001 ER PT S AU Densmore, JN Bohlke, JK AF Densmore, JN Bohlke, JK BE Reichard, EG Hauchman, FS Sancha, AM TI Use of nitrogen isotopes to determine sources of nitrate contamination in two desert basins in California SO INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON DRINKING WATER RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risk From Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, US Geol Survey, Univ Chile HO UNIV CHILE AB Nitrogen-15/14 isotope ratios (sigma N-15) were measured in groundwater, infiltrating wastewater, and natural uncontaminated soil to determine the source of high NO3- concentrations in two desert basins at Fort Irwin National Training Center in the Mojave Desert. The abundance and isotopic composition of dissolved nitrogen gas were measured in some of the groundwater samples to determine the effects of denitrification on the abundance and isotopic composition of the NO3-. Delta N-15-NO3 values in groundwaters most likely to include sewage effluent ranged from about II to 23 parts per thousand. Delta N-15 values in groundwater not near sources of sewage effluent ranged from 6 to 11 parts per thousand, a range similar to that found in the overlying soils, which contain large concentrations of leachable NO3- presumed to be of natural origin. Some of the samples with relatively low NO3- concentrations and high delta N-15 values contained excess non-atmospheric nitrogen gas attributed to denitrification. These data indicate that high NO3- concentrations in groundwater unaffected by sewage effluent may result from leaching of naturally occurring nitrogen in desert soils, and that some of the NO3- may be removed by denitrification at the water table. C1 US Geol Survey, Santa Maria, CA 93455 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Densmore, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 624-B W Foster Rd, Santa Maria, CA 93455 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-11-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 260 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BR04W UT WOS:000165502300016 ER PT S AU Klein, JM AF Klein, JM BE Reichard, EG Hauchman, FS Sancha, AM TI Strategies for ensuring global consistency/comparability of water-quality data SO INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON DRINKING WATER RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risk From Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, US Geol Survey, Univ Chile HO UNIV CHILE C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-11-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 260 BP 175 EP 175 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BR04W UT WOS:000165502300039 ER PT S AU LaPerriere, JD AF LaPerriere, JD BE Williams, WD TI Lake types of central Arctic Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, BRD, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54052-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2000 VL 27 BP 352 EP 352 PN 1 PG 1 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BQ75D UT WOS:000089402700053 ER PT S AU Duff, JH Toner, B Jackman, AP Avanzino, RJ Triska, FJ AF Duff, JH Toner, B Jackman, AP Avanzino, RJ Triska, FJ BE Williams, WD TI Determination of groundwater discharge into a sand and gravel bottom river: a comparison of chloride dilution and seepage meter techniques SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID EXCHANGE; STREAMS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Duff, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54052-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2000 VL 27 BP 406 EP 411 PN 1 PG 6 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BQ75D UT WOS:000089402700065 ER PT S AU La Baugh, JW Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO AF La Baugh, JW Winter, TC Rosenberry, DO BE Williams, WD TI Comparison of the variability in fluxes of ground water and solutes in lakes and wetlands in central North America SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID SEEPAGE LAKE; CENTRAL MINNESOTA; WILLIAMS LAKE; BALANCE C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP La Baugh, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 411, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54052-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2000 VL 27 BP 420 EP 426 PN 1 PG 7 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BQ75D UT WOS:000089402700068 ER PT S AU Triska, FJ Jackman, AP Duff, JH Avanzino, RJ AF Triska, FJ Jackman, AP Duff, JH Avanzino, RJ BE Williams, WD TI Subchannel flow velocity and dispersion beneath a relict beaver dam, Shingobee River, Minnesota, USA: implications for nutrient cycling SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; CASTOR-CANADENSIS; STREAMS; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN; PATTERNS C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Triska, FJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS439, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54052-2 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2000 VL 27 BP 463 EP 467 PN 1 PG 5 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BQ75D UT WOS:000089402700076 ER PT J AU Kvenvolden, KA Rosenbauer, RJ Hostettler, FD Lorenson, TD AF Kvenvolden, KA Rosenbauer, RJ Hostettler, FD Lorenson, TD TI Application of organic geochemistry to coastal tar residues from central California SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CRUDE OILS; MATURATION; STERANES AB Tar residues are common on the coastline of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. These coastal tar residues have been washed ashore and usually occur on headlands near the high-tide line. In this study, 18 coastal tar residues were collected and analyzed to determine their carbon isotopic compositions and the values of selected biomarker ratios. All of the residues have very heavy (delta(13)C-enriched) carbon isotopic compositions spanning a narrow range (delta(13)C = -22.2 to -23.4 parts per thousand), and 28,30-bisnorhopane is present in all samples. These same geochemical characteristics are found in Monterey Formation oils from which the coastal tar residues were likely derived. These coastal residues could result from natural seeps or from accidental spills. Statistically the coastal tar residues can be organized into three groups, each of which may represent different spill or seep events. Seven samples of potential local representative sources for the tar residues were examined, but none could account for the coastal tars. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Kvenvolden, KA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Geology SC Geology GA 288ND UT WOS:000085568400001 ER PT J AU Foreman, WT Gates, PM Foster, GD Rinella, FA McKenzie, SW AF Foreman, WT Gates, PM Foster, GD Rinella, FA McKenzie, SW TI Use of field-applied quality control samples to monitor performance of a Goulden large-sample extractor/GC-MS method for pesticides in water SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE large-volume extraction; pesticides; Goulden large-sample extractor; surface water ID SURFACE-WATER; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANONITROGEN PESTICIDES; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL-WATERS; LIQUID-LIQUID; RIVER WATER; EXTRACTION AB Since 1985, the Goulden large-sample extractor (GLSE) has been used to isolate a broad array of trace-organic contaminants from large volumes of water. In this study, field-applied quality control measures, including matrix and surrogate spikes and blanks, were used to monitor method performance from GLSE extraction through GC-MS analysis. The method was applied to the determination of multiple classes of pesticides isolated from 4- to 112-L filtered surface-water samples. Average recoveries of six surrogate compounds ranged from 84 +/- 18% for [H-2(10)]diazinon to 15 +/- 13% for 4,4'-[H-2(8)]DDT, the low recoveries for which were largely a result of unmonitored breakdown of this surrogate by the GC injection system. Field-matrix-spike samples were prepared by fortifying 10-L, 35-L, and 110-L filtered surface-water samples with 68 pesticides to amended concentrations of 11-to 50-ng/L each. Recoveries ranged from not detected to greater than 100%. Variability in pesticide recoveries from triplicate 10-L water samples collected at one site averaged 5.7% relative standard deviation and did not exceed 19%. C1 US Geol Survey, Methods Res & Dev Program, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Geol Survey, Portland, OR 97216 USA. RP Foreman, WT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Methods Res & Dev Program, Natl Water Qual Lab, MS 407,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 39 EP 62 DI 10.1080/03067310008034145 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 333QG UT WOS:000088140300004 ER PT J AU Lee, RW Jones, SA Kuniansky, EL Harvey, G Lollar, BS Slater, GF AF Lee, R. W. Jones, S. A. Kuniansky, E. L. Harvey, Gregory Lollar, B. Sherwood Slater, G. F. TI Phreatophyte Influence on Reductive Dechlorination in a Shallow Aquifer Contaminated with Trichloroethene (TCE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; biodegradation; bioremediation; chlorinated solvents; trichloroethene AB Phytoremediation uses the natural ability of plants to degrade contaminants in groundwater. A field demonstration designed to remediate aerobic shallow groundwater contaminated with trichloroethene began in April 1996 with the planting of cottonwood trees, a short-rotation woody crop, over an approximately 0.2-ha area at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Texas. The project was developed to demonstrate capture of contaminated groundwater and degradation of contaminants by phreatophytes. Analyses from samples of groundwater collected from July 1997 to June 1998 indicate that tree roots have the potential to create anaerobic conditions in the groundwater that will facilitate degradation of trichloroethene by microbially mediated reductive dechlorination. Organic matter from root exudates and decay of tree roots probably stimulate microbial activity, consuming dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen concentrations, which varied across the site, were smallest near a mature cottonwood tree (about 20 years of age and 60 meters southwest of the cottonwood plantings) where degradation products of trichloroethene were measured. Oxidation of organic matter is the primary microbially mediated reaction occurring in the groundwater beneath the planted trees whereas near the mature cottonwood tree, data indicate that methanogenesis is the most probable reaction occurring. Reductive dechlorination in groundwater either is not occurring or is not a primary process away from the mature tree. Carbon-13 isotope values for trichloroethene are nearly identical at locations away from the mature tree, further confirming that dechlorination is not occurring at the site. C1 [Lee, R. W.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. [Jones, S. A.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Austin, TX 78754 USA. [Kuniansky, E. L.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Norcross, GA 30092 USA. [Harvey, Gregory] US Air Force, Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Environm Management Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lollar, B. Sherwood; Slater, G. F.] Univ Toronto, Ctr Earth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 1445 Ross Ave, Dallas, TX 75202 USA. EM rwlee@usgs.gov; sajones@usgs.gov; elkunian@usgs.gov; gregory.harvey@wpafb.af.mil; bsl@quartz.geology.utoronto.ca; gfs@quartz.geology.utoronto.ca NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1080/15226510009359032 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JV UT WOS:000209016000002 ER PT J AU McGarr, A AF McGarr, A TI Energy budgets of mining-induced earthquakes and their interactions with nearby stopes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID LITHOSPHERIC STRESS; DEEP-LEVEL; TREMORS; STATE; MINE AB In the early 1960's, N.G.W. Cook, using an underground network of geophones, demonstrated that most Witwatersrand tremors ale closely associated with deep level gold mining operations. He also showed that the energy released by the closure of the tabular stopes at depths of the order of 2 km was more than sufficient to account for the mining-induced earthquakes. I report here updated versions of these two results based on more modern underground data acquired in the Witwatersrand gold fields. Firstly, an extensive suite of in situ stress data indicate that the ambient state of crustal stress here is dose to the failure state in the absence of mining even though the tectonic setting is thoroughly stable. Mining initially stabilizes the rock mass by reducing the pore fluid pressure from its initial hydrostatic state to nearly zero. The extensive mine excavations, as Cook showed, concentrate the deviatoric stresses, in localized regions of the abutments, back into a failure state resulting in seismicity. Secondly, there appears to be two distinct types of mining-induced earthquakes: the first is strongly coupled to the mining and involves shear failure plus a coseismic volume reduction; the second type is not evidently coupled to any particular mine face, shows purely deviatoric failure, and is presumably caused by more regional changes in the state of stress due to mining. Thirdly, energy budgets for mining induced earthquakes of both types indicate that, of the available released energy, only a few per cent is radiated by the seismic waves with the majority being consumed in overcoming fault friction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP McGarr, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00118-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100039 ER PT J AU Allen, CR Willey, RD Myers, PE Horton, PM Buffa, J AF Allen, CR Willey, RD Myers, PE Horton, PM Buffa, J TI Impact of red imported fire ant infestation on northern bobwhite quail abundance trends in southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colinus virginianus; Formicidae; Galliformes; Hymenoptera; northern bobwhite; Phasianidae; red imported fire ant; Solenopsis invicta; wildlife ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; INVASION AB Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus L.) populations are declining throughout their range. One factor contributing to the decline in the southeastern United States may be the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren). Recent research in Texas has documented that red imported fire ants can have a significant impact on northern bobwhite quail. That research was conducted in areas where fire ants are predominately polygynous (multiple queen). Polygynous infestations have much higher mound densities than the monogynous (single queen) form. In most of the southeastern United States, fire ants are predominately monogynous. We determined if there was a relationship between the invasion of monogynous red imported fire ants and abundance trends in northern bobwhite quail in the southeastern United States. For Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina we compared average northern bobwhite quail abundance based on Christmas Bird Count data for each county before and after fire ant invasion, and conducted regression analyses on bobwhite quail abundance and year preinvasion, and abundance and year postinvasion. Regionally, northern bobwhite quail were more abundant before (0.067 +/- 0.018 bobwhite quail per observer hour) than after fire ants invaded (0.019 +/- 0.006; Z = -3.746, df = 18, P < 0.001). There was no significant regional population trend for northern bobwhite quail (r(2) = 0.24; df = 9, P = 0.13) before fire ant invasion. Post-invasion, northern bobwhite quail populations significantly declined regionally (r(2) = 0.76, df = 15, P < 0.001), and in Florida (r(2) = 0.71, df = 15, P < 0.01) and South Carolina (r(2) = 0.50, df = 9, P = 0.01). The number of years that a county had been infested by fire ants explained 75% of the yearly variation in northern bobwhite quail abundance after invasion, despite >30-yr variation in invasion dates. C1 Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Allen, CR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, S Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI MT PLEASANT PA 3517 FLOWERING OAK WAY, MT PLEASANT, SC 29466 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325UQ UT WOS:000087695200006 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Jacono, CC Van, TK AF Madeira, PT Jacono, CC Van, TK TI Monitoring hydrilla using two RAPD procedures and the nonindigenous aquatic species database SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE randomly amplified polymorphic DNA; Hydrilla verticillata; monoecious; dioecious; spread; dispersal ID POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; VERTICILLATA; HYDROCHARITACEAE; BIOTYPES AB Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle), an invasive aquatic weed, continues to spread to new regions in the Unit ed States. Two biotypes, one a female dioecious ana me other monoecious have been identified. Management of the spread of hydrilla requires understanding the mechanisms of introduction and transport, an ability to map and make available information on distribution, and tools to distinguish the known U.S. biotypes as well as potential new introductions. Review of the literature and discussions with aquatic scientists and resource managers point to the aquarium and water garden plant trades as the primary past mechanism for the regional dispersal of hydrilla while local dispersal is primarily carried out by other mechanisms such as boat traffic, intentional introductions, and waterfowl. The Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database is presented as a tool for assembling, gee-referencing, and making available information on the distribution of hydrilla. A map of the current range of dioecious and monoecious hydrilla by drainage is presented. Four hydrilla samples, taken from three discrete, non-contiguous regions (Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Washington State) were examined using two RAPD assays. The first, generated using primer Operon G17, and capable of distinguishing the dioecious and monoecious U.S biotypes, indicated all four samples were of the monoecious biotype. Results of the second assay using the Stoffel fragment and 5 primers, produced 111 markers, indicated that these samples do not represent new foreign introductions. The differences in the monoecious and dioecious growth habits and management are discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP Starkey, EE Karchesy, J AF Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP Starkey, EE Karchesy, J TI Seasonal variation in concentrations of fiber, crude protein, and phenolic compounds in leaves of red alder (Alnus rubra): Nutritional implications for cervids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tannin; condensed tannin; phenolic compounds; astringency; diarylheptanoid glycoside; oregonin; red alder; deer; elk; crude protein; nutrition ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; BIRCH BETULA; DIGESTIBILITY; TANNIN; CHEMISTRY; RUMINANTS; EXTRACTS; PLANTS; SALIX AB We sought to determine whether changes in chemical composition could be a factor in increased utilization of red alder (Alnus rubra) by the two cervids, the Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti), during the fall in parts of the Douglas Br region of the Pacific Northwest. We found that concentrations and astringency of phenolic compounds decreased from spring through fall, while crude protein content remained high. We conclude that red alder leaves provide a significant source of digestible protein for cervids during fall, when availability of nutrients in most forage species is generally declining. C1 Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Crop Prod, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Crop Prod, EPS, Campus Univ, Lugo 27002, Spain. OI Gonzalez-Hernandez, M.P./0000-0002-0519-1702 NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1023/A:1005462100010 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 284LP UT WOS:000085334100017 ER PT J AU Alam, SK Brim, MS Carmody, GA Parauka, FM AF Alam, SK Brim, MS Carmody, GA Parauka, FM TI Concentrations of heavy and trace metals in muscle and blood of juvenile Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) from the Suwannee River, Florida SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Gulf sturgeon; Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi; heavy metals; trace metals; Suwannee River ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; FRESH-WATER FISH; 3 GENERATIONS; ACCUMULATION; COPPER; LEAD; SELENIUM; TISSUES; MERCURY; CADMIUM AB Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, lead, selenium, and zinc in muscle of juvenile (0.41 to 1.1 kg) Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, from the Suwannee River, Florida, were 13.78, 1.50, 0.98, 25.28, 0.18, 0.49, 6.43, and 17.03 mu g/g dry weight, respectively. Concentrations of As (r = 0.51), B (r = 0.68), Ba (r = 0.72), Be (r = 0.73), Cd (r = 0.70), Cu (r = 0.56), Mg (r = 0.50), and Ni (r = 0.65) increased in muscle tissue with an increase in length of juvenile Gulf sturgeon. Mean concentrations of As, Cr, and Mg (10.99, 1.38, and 1122 mu g/g, respectively) were higher in the muscle tissue than in blood (1.76, 0.96, and 677 mu g/g, respectively). However, blood samples contained significantly high concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (1777, 4.16, 2.68, 2.37 and 35.3 mu g/g, respectively). Juvenile Gulf sturgeon are accumulating heavy and trace metals while in the Suwannee River before migrating to marine waters of the Gulf of Mexico. In addition to identifying contaminants of concern, these data represent background conditions and may have future value in assessing the impact on sturgeon of spills or operational practices affecting water quality in the Suwannee River. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Alam, SK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1612 June Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 5 BP 645 EP 660 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 324YN UT WOS:000087649700001 ER PT J AU Alam, SK Brim, MS AF Alam, SK Brim, MS TI Organochlorine, PCB, PAH, and metal concentrations in eggs of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from northwest Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE sea turtle; loggerhead; (Caretta caretta); metals; organochlorine pesticides; polychlorinated biphenyls; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CONTAMINATION; DIBENZOFURANS; CONGENERS; MIXTURES; TOXICITY; DIOXINS; SUPPORT; CANADA; MEXICO AB Composite samples of unhatched, and physically unaltered loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, eggs collected from 20 nests along northwest Florida were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. Chemical analyses revealed that turtle eggs contained detectable amounts of metals, PAHs, and PCBs. Only one OCP, p,p'-DDD, was detected, and its presence was restricted to eggs from two nesting sites. None of the PCB concentrations exceeded the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) action limit. Concentrations of dioxin-like PCB congeners, 105, 118, and 126, and total PCBs were also detected and are contributors to the toxic burden of loggerhead sea turtle eggs. Concentrations of PAHs, 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, 1-methyl naphthalene, Cl-naphthalene and naphthalene were variable at nesting sites. Comparison of mean metal burdens in eggs from different beaches suggested that no uniform geographic gradients exist. Presence of OCPs, PCBs, PAHs and metals and their additive or synergistic toxicity is a concern to loggerhead sea turtle eggs; however, additive or synergistic impacts for loggerhead sea turtles are largely undocumented. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. RP Brim, MS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1612 June Ave, Panama City, FL 32405 USA. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2000 VL 35 IS 6 BP 705 EP 724 DI 10.1080/03601230009373303 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 370BC UT WOS:000165101400004 PM 11069014 ER PT J AU Farag, AM Suedkamp, MJ Meyer, JS Barrows, R Woodward, DF AF Farag, AM Suedkamp, MJ Meyer, JS Barrows, R Woodward, DF TI Distribution of metals during digestion by cutthroat trout fed benthic invertebrates contaminated in the Clark Fork River, Montana and the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, USA, and fed artificially contaminated Artemia SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; copper; lead; zinc; digestive fluids; faeces ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; BROWN TROUT; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; PROTEIN; DIETARY; FISH; LEAD AB The concentrations of essential amino acids in three, undigested invertebrate diets collected from the Clark Fork River (CFR) for cutthroat trout were similar to each other, but were c. 25-75% less than Artemia that were exposed to a mixture of arsenic, copper, cadmium, lead and zinc in the laboratory. The Artemia diet appeared less palatable and the texture, quantity and appearance of the intestinal contents differed between fish fed the Artemia and CFR diets. The Pb% in the fluid fraction of the intestinal contents was greater for the Artemia (29%) than for the CFR diets (10-17%), and the Cu% in the amino acid plus metal fraction of the intestinal contents was greater for the Artemia (78%) than for two of the three CFR diets (67% and 70%). Intestinal contents of fish fed invertebrate diets collected from various sites on the Coeur d'Alene River (CDA), Idaho, were similar in texture, quantity, and appearance. For fish fed the CDA diets, differences in the distribution of metals among fractions of the digestive fluids appeared to be related to concentrations of metals in the invertebrate diets. Pb% was lowest of all metals in the fluid portion of the intestinal contents. However, >80% of all metals in the hind gut were associated with the particulate fraction where they may still be available for uptake through pinocytosis. (C) 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Stn, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US FWS Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Farag, AM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Jackson Field Stn, POB 1089, Jackson, WY 83001 USA. EM aida_farag@usgs.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 56 IS 1 BP 173 EP 190 DI 10.1006/jfbi.1999.1150 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 279FX UT WOS:000085034700011 ER PT J AU Hall, DK Williams, RS Barton, JS Sigurdsson, O Smith, LC Garvin, JB AF Hall, DK Williams, RS Barton, JS Sigurdsson, O Smith, LC Garvin, JB TI Evaluation of remote-sensing techniques to measure decadal-scale changes of Hofsjokull ice cap, Iceland SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; GLACIER FACIES; SAR DATA; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; SHEET; ERS-1; IMAGERY; MODEL AB Dynamic surficial changes and changes in the position of the firn line and the areal extent of Hofsjokull ice cap, Iceland, were studied through analysis of a time series (1973-98) of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) and Landsat data. A digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, which was constructed using SAR interferometry, was used to plot the SAR backscatter coefficient (sigma degrees) vs elevation and air temperature along transects across the ice cap. Seasonal and daily sigma degrees patterns are caused by freezing or thawing of the ice-cap surface, and abrupt changes in sigma degrees are noted when the air temperature ranges from similar to -5 degrees to 0 degreesC. Late-summer 1997 sigma degrees (SAR) and reflectance (Landsat) boundaries agree and appear to be coincident with the firn line and a SAR sigma degrees boundary that can be seen in the January 1998 SAR image. In January 1994 through 1998, the elevation of this sigma degrees boundary on the icecap was quite stable, ranging from 1000 to 1300 m, while the equilibrium-line altitude, as measured on the ground, varied considerably. Thus the equilibrium line may be obscured by firn from previous years. Techniques are established to measure long-term changes in the elevation of the firn line and changes in the position of the ice margin. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Gen Sci Corp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Energy Author, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Geodynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Hall, Dorothy/D-5562-2012; Smith, Laurence/E-7785-2012 OI Smith, Laurence/0000-0001-6866-5904 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 11 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2000 VL 46 IS 154 BP 375 EP 388 DI 10.3189/172756500781833061 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 384CC UT WOS:000165920700003 ER PT J AU Morin, RH Descamps, GE Cecil, LD AF Morin, RH Descamps, GE Cecil, LD TI Acoustic televiewer logging in glacier boreholes SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORGLACIAREN; SWEDEN; ICE AB The acoustic televiewer is a geophysical logging instrument that is deployed in a water-filled borehole and operated while trolling It generates a digital, magnetically oriented image of the borehole wall that is developed from the amplitudes and transit times of acoustic waves emitted from the tool and reflected at the water-wall interface. The transit-time data are also converted to radial distances, from which cross-sectional views of the borehole shape can be constructed. Because the televiewer is equipped with both a three-component magnetometer and a two-component inclinometer, the borehole's trajectory in space is continuously recorded as well. This instrument is routinely used in mining and hydrogeologic applications, but in this investigation it was deployed in two boreholes drilled into Upper Fremont Glacier, Wyoming, U.S.A. The acoustic images recorded in this glacial setting are not as clear as those typically obtained in rocks, due to a lower reflection coefficient for water and ice than for water and rock. Results indicate that the depth and orientation of features intersecting the boreholes can be determined, but that interpreting their physical nature is problematic and requires corroborating information from inspection of cores. Nevertheless, these data can provide some insight into englacial structural characteristics. Additional information derived from the cross-sectional geometry of the borehole, as well as from its trajectory, may also be useful in studies concerned with stress patterns and deformation processes. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Morin, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2000 VL 46 IS 155 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.3189/172756500781832684 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 401QA UT WOS:000166938600015 ER PT J AU Owens, RW Pronin, NM AF Owens, RW Pronin, NM TI Age and growth of pike (Esox lucius) in Chivyrkui Bay Lake Baikal SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pike; Esox lucius; age; growth; length-weight relations; circumpolar growth standard; Lake Baikal ID MORPHOLOGY AB The purpose of this study was to describe age and growth of pike (Esox lucius) in Lake Baikal. Pike were collected with gill nets and by angling in Chivyrkui Bay in late July-early August 1993 and by gill nets in June 1995. total length (mm), weight (g), and sex were recorded and scales and cleithra were collected for aging. In 1993, pike, ages 1 to 3, ranged in length from 331 to 810 mm and in 1995, pike, ages 2 to 10, ranged in length from 365 to 1,111 mm but only three percent were age 7 or older. Most growth in length occurred during the first two years of life. The length-weight relation for pike from Chivyrkui Ba was similar to that of pike from eastern Lake Ontario, and the cleithra-total body relation was similar to that of pike from the St. Lawrence River. Calculated total length of pike from Lake Baikal equalled or exceeded the lengths of pike from lakes Erie or Ontario. Good agreement was found between ages from cleithra and from scales. Lengths at age in June 1995 (N = 108) varied widely among pike. Females were generally larger than males at a given age among fish age-3 and older. When compared with the circumpolar growth standard, based on the von Bertalanffy growth curve, growth of Lake Baikal pike exceeded all other Asian populations, and equalled or exceeded many other northern hemisphere populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Buryat Inst Biol, Ulan Ude 670042, Buryatia, Russia. RP Owens, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Ontario Biol Stn, 17 Lake St, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 2 BP 164 EP 173 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 327WR UT WOS:000087817600004 ER PT J AU Barron, MG Anderson, MJ Cacela, D Lipton, J Teh, SJ Hinton, DE Zelikoff, JT Dikkeboom, AL Tillitt, DE Holey, M Denslow, N AF Barron, MG Anderson, MJ Cacela, D Lipton, J Teh, SJ Hinton, DE Zelikoff, JT Dikkeboom, AL Tillitt, DE Holey, M Denslow, N TI PCBs, liver lesions, and biomarker responses in adult walleye (Stizostedium vitreum vitreum) collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PCBs; walleye; cancer; histopathology; biomarkers; tumors; Green Bay ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LAKE; FISH; STRESS; CONTAMINANTS; INDUCIBILITY; INDUCTION; POLLUTION; SEDIMENT AB Adult walleye were collected from several locations in the Lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin (the assessment area) and two relatively uncontaminated reference locations (Lake Winnebago and Fatten Lake, Wisconsin) between July and October in 1996 and 1997 Whole body and liver samples collected in 1996 were analyzed for total PCBs, PCB congeners, and liver histological lesions. Follow-up sampling in 1997 included examination of liver histopathology, PCBs in liver samples, measurement of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, immunological evaluation of kidney and blood samples, measurement of plasma vitellogenin, and examination of tissues for parasites as well as bacterial and viral infections. Mean PCB concentrations in whole body and liver samples were elevated in assessment area walleye (4.6 to 8.6 and 3.6 to 6.4 mg/kg wet weight, respectively) compared to PCB concentrations in reference areas (0.04 mg/kg in walleye fillets from Lake Winnebago). A significant (p < 0.01) elevation was observed in the prevalence (26%) of hepatic preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration (FCA) and neoplasms in 5 to 8 year old walleye collected from the assessment area, compared to reference area fish (6% prevalence). Walleye from the assessment area also contained multiple FCA and hepatic tumors per liver sample, whereas no tumors and a reduced prevalence of FCA were observed in reference area walleye. Both tumors and FCA were more prevalent in female fish than in male fish within the 5 to 8 year age classes. There were no remarkable effects on immunological parameters in assessment area walleye, although hematocrit was elevated and blood monocyte counts were 40% lower than those of reference area fish. The data did not show any clear distinctions in the prevalence of disease between reference and assessment area walleye. EROD activity was similar in assessment area and reference area walleye. Plasma vitellogenin was elevated in female walleye from eastern. Green Bay, but was not detected in male fish from this location. The results of this investigation demonstrate significant elevation in hepatic preneoplastic lesions and hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in assessment area walleye exposed to elevated concentrations of PCBs. These histopathological lesions are consistent with long-term exposure to tumor promoters such as PCBs, although quantitative association between tumors and PCBs was not observed at the level of the individual fish. Additional research would be needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. C1 Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo, NY 10987 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fish Hlth Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fisheries Resource Off, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. Univ Florida, Prot Chem & Mol Biomarkers Facil, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Barron, MG (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, 1881 9th St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 250 EP 271 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 358KK UT WOS:000089557100002 ER PT J AU Muzinic, CJ AF Muzinic, CJ TI First record of Daphnia lumholtzi Sars in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zooplankton; Daphnia; sub-tropical species; exotic; Lake Erie ID EXOTIC ZOOPLANKTER AB Adults of the cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi, native to Australia, Africa, and parts of Asia, were first collected in August 1999 in Lake Erie. Individuals were collected near East Harbor State Park, Lakeside, Ohio from vertical plankton net tows. The average number of D. lumholtzi that were found (0.03/L) indicate that D. lumholtzi is beginning to establish itself in Lake Erie. The morphology of this Daphnia differs greatly from native species because of its elongated head and tail spine. This sighting is important because it acknowledges yet another exotic invader into the Great Lakes basin and it also shows that this, normally, warm water species continues to expand its range northward. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Muzinic, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 352 EP 354 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 358KK UT WOS:000089557100009 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Elliott, RF DeSorcie, TJ Stedman, RM O'Connor, DV Rottiers, DV AF Madenjian, CP Elliott, RF DeSorcie, TJ Stedman, RM O'Connor, DV Rottiers, DV TI Lipid concentrations in Lake Michigan fishes: Seasonal, spatial, ontogenetic, and long-term trends SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipid concentrations; Lake Michigan; lake trout; coho salmon; alewife; rainbow smelt; bloater; slimy sculpin; deepwater sculpin; fish bioenergetics ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PCB CONCENTRATIONS; TROUT; PATTERNS; ONTARIO; ENERGETICS; MODEL; PREY; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION AB Lipid concentrations were measured in seven species of fish from several locations in Lake Michigan during spring, summer, and fall in 1994 to 1995. Adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and age-a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exhibited pronounced seasonal changes in lipid content. Adult alewives averaged 7.4% lipid, on a wet weight basis, during spring (May), 2.6% in slimmer (July), and 12.2% in fall (late September through October). Spring lipid concentration was low in age-2 coho salmon, averaging only 1.9%, then increased to 7.8% during summer and decreased to 4.5% by fall. In contrast, lipid content in adult bloater (Coregonus hoyi) was relatively constant with respect to season, ranging between 10.6% and 12.4% during the year. Lipid concentration increased with fish size for all species except rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). Although deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni) were considerably larger than slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) (mean total length of 117 mm vs 68 mm), mean lipid content of deepwater sculpin (7.6%) was only slightly higher than that for slimy sculpin (6.6%). Comparison of lipid concentrations from this study with previous studies indicated that lipid concentration in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and alewives in Lake Michigan did not change significantly from 1969-1971 to 1994-1995. Lipid concentration in large (about 250 mm total length) adult bloaters near Saugatuck (along the southeastern shore of the lake) decreased from 23.3% in 1980 to 11.9% in 1986, but showed no significant change between 1986 and 1994-1995. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, Green Bay, WI 54311 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 44 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 427 EP 444 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 388AQ UT WOS:000166155600008 ER PT J AU Ethington, RL Lehnert, O Repetski, JE AF Ethington, RL Lehnert, O Repetski, JE TI Stiptognathus new genus (Conodonta : Ibexian, lower Ordovician), and the apparatus of Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL SWEDEN AB Collections from upper Ibexian (Tulean Stage) rocks of western United States, from the Canning Basin in western Australia, and from the Argentine Precordillera contain a seximembrate apparatus of multidenticulate conodonts whose elements have been included by authors in species of Prioniodus Pander, 1986, and Reutterodus Serpagli, 1974. The individual elements as well as the complete apparatus are not consistent with assignment of the species to either of these genera or to any other extant genus. A new generic name, Stiptognathus Ethington, Lehnert, and Repetski, is proposed with Reutterodus borealis Repetski, 1982, as type species. The apparatus consists of Pa, Pb, Sa-c, and M elements; the genus represents either the Prioniodontidae or the Periodontidae. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Geol & Mineral, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Ethington, RL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2000)074<0092:SNGCIL>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 281LR UT WOS:000085162400009 ER PT J AU Manley, CR Bacon, CR AF Manley, CR Bacon, CR TI Rhyolite thermobarometry and the shallowing of the magma reservoir, Coso volcanic field, California SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Al-in-hornblende; caldera; eruption geothermal; rhyolite ID MN-TI OXIDES; CONSISTENT SOLUTION MODELS; IN-HORNBLENDE BAROMETER; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; COMPOSITIONAL ZONATION; OXYGEN FUGACITY; LONG-VALLEY; OLIVINE; QUARTZ; EQUILIBRIA AB The compositionally bimodal Pleistocene Coso volcanic field is located at the western margin of the Basin and Range province similar to 60km north of the Garlock fault. Thirty-nine nearly aphyric high-silica rhyolite domes were emplaced in the past million years: one at 1 Ma from a transient magma reservoir, one at similar to 0.6 Ma, and the rest since similar to 0.3 Ma. Over the past 0.6 My, the depth from which the rhyolites erupted has decreased and their temperatures have become slightly higher. Pre-eruptive conditions of the rhyolite magmas, calculated from phenocryst compositions using the two-oxide thermometer and the Al-in-hornblende barometer, ranged from 740 degrees C and 270 MPa (2.7kbar; similar to 10km depth) for the similar to 0.6Ma magma, to 770 degrees C and 140MPa (1.4kbar; similar to 5.5km) for the youngest (similar to 0.04 Ma) magma. Results are consistent with either a single rhyolitic reservoir moving upward through the crust, or a series of successively shallower reservoirs. As the reservoir has become closer to the surface, eruptions have become both more frequent and more voluminous. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Manley, CR (reprint author), 16170 NE 11th St, Bellevue, WA 98008 USA. NR 58 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 149 EP 174 DI 10.1093/petrology/41.1.149 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PC UT WOS:000084885700008 ER PT J AU Major, JJ AF Major, JJ TI Gravity-driven consolidation of granular slurries - Implications for debris-flow deposition and deposit characteristics SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SELF-WEIGHT CONSOLIDATION; LABORATORY FLOWSLIDES; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; DENSITY; SOILS AB Fresh debris-flow deposits consolidate under their own weight. How quickly they consolidate (dissipate excess pore-fluid pressure and compact) affects their resistance to remobilization as well as their sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics. Here, analysis of small-volume (similar to 0.05 m(3)) noncohesive debris-how slurries and larger (similar to 10 m(3)) experimental debris-Row deposits reveals the nature, rate, and magnitude of consolidation of typical debris-Bow deposits. A simple, linear, one-dimensional model describing the diffusion of excess pore-fluid pressure satisfactorily approximates the overall timing and magnitude of consolidation of noncohesive debris-how deposits. The model and measurements of pore-fluid pressure demonstrate that changes in fluid pressure and effective stress evolve upward from the base of a deposit, and show that hydraulic diffusivities of muddy slurries containing about 5 to 50 wt% mud are remarkably similar, about 10(-6)-10(-7) m(2)/s, By comparison, sandy-gravel debris-flow deposits containing <2 wt% mud have higher hydraulic diffusivities, similar to 10(-4) m(2)/s. Pore-fluid seepage across a permeable basal boundary accelerates consolidation response time in the lower stratum compared to that over a no-flow boundary, However, changes in sediment fabric resulting from porosity changes alter hydraulic properties of basal debris and retard expected decay of Bold pressure immediately above the bed. This result suggests that fluid infiltration to the substrate does not contribute significantly toward debris-Bow deposition. Low hydraulic diffusivities promote high and persistent pore-fluid pressure in debris flows, key factors enhancing mobilization. Elsewhere, pore-fluid pressures nearly sufficient to liquefy debris have been shown to persist through transit and deposition. Here, I show that significant dissipation of such fluid pressure is restricted to postdepositional consolidation. Therefore, neither uniform decay of excess pore-fluid pressure nor intrinsic viscoplastic yield strength explain debris-flow deposition. Instead, debris-Bow deposition results from friction concentrated along flow margins where high pore-fluid pressures are absent. Sustained high pore-fluid pressure following deposition fosters deposit remobilization, which can mute or obliterate stratigraphic evidence for multiple events. A thick deposit of homogeneous, poorly sorted debris can result from mingling of soft deposits and recurrent surges rather than from a single Bon wave if deposit consolidation time greatly, exceeds typical sediment emplacement times. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 5400 MacArthur Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. NR 75 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 16 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 USA SN 1073-130X J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1 BP 64 EP 83 DI 10.1306/2DC408FF-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D PN A PG 20 WC Geology SC Geology GA 287NX UT WOS:000085513100008 ER PT J AU Escutia, C Eittreim, SL Cooper, AK Nelson, CH AF Escutia, C Eittreim, SL Cooper, AK Nelson, CH TI Morphology and acoustic character of the antarctic Wilkes Land turbidite systems: Ice-sheet-sourced versus river-sourced fans SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA FAN; GROWTH-PATTERN; LAURENTIAN FAN; MARGIN; SEDIMENTATION; CHANNELS; LOBES AB The Wilkes Land continental slope contains an intricate network of submarine canyons that on the continental rise develop into a series of channel and overbank deposits of turbidite systems, We can define upper-fan, middle-fan, and loner-fan provinces. The Wilkes Land upper fans are characterized by large channels with relief up to 900 m, distances between levee crests up to 18 km, and channel-floor widths up to 6 km, Middle-fan channels also have high relief (similar to 300 m), and locally, interchannel areas exhibit mounded contourite-style deposits with high relief (up to 490 m), Within middle-fan sediment mounds there are acoustic facies of channel-overbank deposits from turbidity currents, and of sediment waves from contour-current sedimentation. The lower rise is characterized hg small, shallow channels (50-75 m relief) and by interchannel areas of low relief, both characteristic of a lon er-fan environment, The Wilkes Land turbidite systems show the following significant morphological differences compared to most river-sourced fans: (1) multiple large tributary channels across the upper and middle fan, (2) channel relief several times greater (900 m) than typical relief (100-200 m) for channels on fans less than 300 km in diameter. and (3) steep middle-fan and lower-fan gradients. We interpret the differences in channel network patterns, channel size, and middle-fan and lower-fan gradients beta een the Wilkes Land fans and other fans to result from the continental ice sheet feeding glacial ice streams that reached the outer continental shelf at times of glacial maxima. The Wilkes Land canyon-channel network patterns are comparable with the high-latitude Laurentian Fan and Labrador Sea channels, The Laurentian Fan also has large upper-fan channels with larger relief (800 m) than typical relief (200-300 m) expected for fans that are 600 km in diameter. Both the Labrador Sea and Laurentian Fan are fed by continental ice sheets at the shelf edge. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Escutia, C (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ocean Drilling Program, 1000 Discovery Dr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RI Escutia, Carlota/B-8614-2015 OI Escutia, Carlota/0000-0002-4932-8619 NR 50 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1 BP 84 EP 93 DI 10.1306/2DC40900-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D PN A PG 10 WC Geology SC Geology GA 287NX UT WOS:000085513100009 ER PT J AU Czech, B AF Czech, B TI Elk hunting in the shadow of Ward vs. Racehorse: Ten Bear and the Crow tribe SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Article C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuges, Arlington, VA USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Refuges, Arlington, VA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009, MANHATTAN, KS 66505-1009 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC History SC History GA 278VL UT WOS:000085009600008 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Grunder, AL AF Johnson, JA Grunder, AL TI The making of intermediate composition magma in a bimodal suite: Duck Butte Eruptive Center, Oregon, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Duck Butte Eruptive Center; High Lava Plains; basalt/high-silica rhyolite ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PLATE-TECTONIC EVOLUTION; HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; RANGE PROVINCE; CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; BASIN; NEVADA; STEENS AB The 10.4-Ma Duck Butte Eruptive Center (DBEC) of southeastern Oregon is anomalous within the High Lava Plains bimodal basalt/high-silica rhyolite province in that it produced mainly intermediate composition lavas. At Duck Butte, eruptions successively tapped a compositionally zoned system that became less silicic and volumetrically smaller in time. The first eruptions produced rhyodacite lava with andesite inclusions, followed by dacite lava with basaltic andesite inclusions, and finally andesite and basaltic andesite lavas. High-silica rhyolite domes, more typical of the province, erupted before and after Duck Butts, immediately to the east and west, respectively. Evidence from mingling and mixing textures and mixing calculations indicate that successive eruptions at Duck Butte represent mixing of residual magma in the system. Eruption rate outpaced the rate of silicic magma production. The mixing end-members are rhyodacite, which was produced by small degrees of crustal melting, and basaltic andesite. The mixing-dominated history at Duel; Butte is in contrast to high-silica rhyolite at nearby Indian Creek Butts (ICB), which was derived by crystal fractionation from rhyodacitic crustal melt. We attribute the petrogenetic process that produced intermediate composition magma to disruption of the Duck Butte magma system by faulting, which caused high eruption rates and stirring of the magma. Magmatism at Duck Butte was related to faulting as indicated by both the alignment of rhyodacite vents parallel to a major regional basin-range fault and by faults that cut through early flows, whereas later flows drape the escarpment and are also offset by the fault. In contrast, tectonic quiescence at neighboring centers allowed for protracted differentiation of crustal melt to produce high-silica rhyolite, The material inputs to both the bimodal and dominantly intermediate centers are the same, but the contrast in tectonic influence and eruption rate strongly affects the erupted compositions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 95 IS 1-4 BP 175 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00125-0 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 297EN UT WOS:000086069100010 ER PT J AU Swift, PK Wehausen, JD Ernest, HB Singer, RS Pauli, AM Kinde, H Rocke, TE Bleich, VC AF Swift, PK Wehausen, JD Ernest, HB Singer, RS Pauli, AM Kinde, H Rocke, TE Bleich, VC TI Desert bighorn sheep mortality due to presumptive type C botulism in California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; botulinum toxin; Clostridium botulinum type C; mortality event; Ovis canadensis AB During a routine telemetry flight of the Mojave Desert (California, USA) in August 1995, mortality signals were detected from two of 12 radio-collared female desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the vicinity of Old Dad Peak in San Bernardino County (California). A series of field investigations determined that at least 45 bighorn sheep had died near two artificial water catchments (guzzlers), including 13 bighorn sheep which had presumably drowned in a guzzler tank. Samples from water contaminated by decomposing bighorn sheep carcasses and hemolyzed blood from a fresh bighorn sheep carcass were tested for the presence of pesticides, heavy metals, strychnine, blue-green algae, Clostridium botulinum toxin, ethylene glycol, nitrates, nitrites, sodium, and salts. Mouse bioassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected type C botulinum toxin in the hemolyzed blood and in fly larvae and pupae. This, coupled with negative results from other analyses, led us to conclude that type C botulinum poisoning was most likely responsible for the mortality of bighorn sheep outside the guzzler tank. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. Univ Calif, White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Apple Valley, CA 92308 USA. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Serv, San Bernardino, CA 92412 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Swift, PK (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, 1701 Nimbus Rd,Suite D, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. EM pswift@q.dfg.ca.gov OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 184 EP 189 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 279WB UT WOS:000085067100026 PM 10682765 ER PT J AU Powell, LA Lang, JD Conroy, MJ Krementz, DG AF Powell, LA Lang, JD Conroy, MJ Krementz, DG TI Effects of forest management on density, survival, and population growth of wood thrushes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE density; forest management; Hylocichla mustelina; neotropical migrant songbird; radiotelemetry; survival; transect surveys; wood thrush ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; SOUTHERN VERACRUZ; MIGRATORY BIRDS; RATES; FRAGMENTATION; DYNAMICS; MISSOURI; FEMALES; DESIGN AB Loss and alteration of breeding habitat have been proposed as causes of declines in several Neotropical migrant bird populations. We conducted a 4-year study to determine the effects of winter prescribed burning and forest thinning on breeding wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) populations at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge (PNWR) in Georgia. We estimated density, adult and juvenile survival rates, and apparent annual survival using transect surveys, radiotelemetry: and mist netting. Burning and thinning did not cause lower densities (P = 0.25); wood thrush density ranged from 0.15 to 1.30 pairs/10 ha. No radiomarked male wood thrushes (n = 68) died during the 4 years, but female weekly survival was 0.981 +/- 0.014 (SE) for females (n = 63) and 0.976 +/- 0.010 for juveniles (n = 38). Apparent annual adult survival was 0.579 (SE = 0.173). Thinning and prescribed burning did not reduce adult or juvenile survival during the breeding season or apparent annual adult survival. Annual population growth (lambda) at PNWR was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-1.63), and the considerable uncertainty in this prediction underscores the need for long-term monitoring to effectively manage Neotropical migrants. Population growth increased on experimental compartments after the burn and thin (95% CI before = 0.91-0.97, after = 0.98-1.05), while control compartment lambda declined (before = 0.98-1.05, after = 0.87-0.92). We found. no evidence that the current management regime at PNWR, designed to improve red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) habitat, negatively affected wood thrushes. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, D B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, D B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, D B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Powell, LA (reprint author), Univ Dubuque, Dept Biol, 200 Univ Ave, Dubuque, IA 52001 USA. RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 54 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.2307/3802970 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900002 ER PT J AU Powell, AN Collier, CL AF Powell, AN Collier, CL TI Habitat use and reproductive success of western snowy plovers at new nesting areas created for California least terns SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Batiquitos Lagoon; California least tern; Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus; created habitat; reproductive success; site fidelity; southern California; Sterna antillarum browni; threatened and endangered species; western snowy plover ID PREDATION AB The Pacific coast population of western snowy plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1993 and its decline is primarily attributed. to habitat loss. In southern California, snowy plovers typically nest in association with federally endangered. California least tel ns (Sterna antillarum browni). Since least terns were afforded protection under the ESA, the creation of nesting habitat from dredged materials has been a popular component of habitat restoration to partially compensate for wetland loss in this region. We had a unique opportunity to monitor habitat use and reproductive success at newly created habitats associated with the restoration of Batiquitos Lagoon, San Diego County, California from 1994 to 1998. We also compared hatch and fledge rates and habitat characteristics of snowy plovers nesting at new nesting areas at Batiquitos Lagoon to a nearby natural bench;Ind a dredged material area created in the 1970s. The number of nesting attempts Ly snowy plovers increased from 5 in 1994 to a high of 38 in 1997, and plovers nested on 4 of die 5 created areas. Fledge rates at Batiquitos Lagoon varied annually and declined after the initial colonization in 1995. Fledge rate in 1995 was higher at the newly created area than at the older dredged-material and natural beach areas in any other year. Nests on the created areas at Batiquitos Lagoon were surrounded by less vegetative cover, less debris, and shorter vegetation than nests at the older dredged-material and natural beach areas. Nonbreeding snowy plovers used created habitats within the lagoon, and more plovers used the lagoon and its adjacent beach during fall than winter . Predation pressure and habitat quality were important factors determining use and reproductive success on created areas at Batiquitos Lagoon. C1 San Diego State Univ, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Powell, AN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Arkansas Field Stn, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Powell, Abby/0000-0002-9783-134X NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.2307/3802971 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900003 ER PT J AU Pietz, PJ Granfors, DA AF Pietz, PJ Granfors, DA TI Identifying predators and fates of grassland passerine nests using miniature video cameras SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE camera; grassland passerines; nest fates; nest predators; nest success; North Dakota; northern Great Plains; video ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; SITE SELECTION; SURVIVAL RATES; NORTH-DAKOTA; NEW-ZEALAND; QUAIL EGGS; BIRD; FOREST; REMOVAL AB Nest fates, causes of nest failure, and identities of nest predators are difficult to determine for grassland passerines. We developed a miniature video-camera system for use in grasslands and deployed it at 69 nests of 10 passerine species in North Dakota during 1996-97. Abandonment rates were higher at nests <1 day after camera deployment (23%) than <1 day after nests were found (2%, P = 0.001). most birds returned to nests less than or equal to 30 min after camera deployment, but clay-colored sparrows (Spizella pallida) took longer to return to nests than other species (P = 0.035). Cameras did not appear to increase nest predation rates. We videotaped predation by greater than or equal to 11 species at 29 nests: eggs or nestlings were destroyed by mice, ground squirrels, weasel, badgers, canids, deer, cowbirds, and hawks. All eggs or nestlings were removed in <15 min at 14 depredated nests. Contents were removed during >1 day or night (12-116 hr) at 6 nests, 5 of which were depredated by ground squirrels or mice. For nests without cameras, estimated predation rates were lower for ground nests than aboveground nests (P = 0.055), but did not differ between open and covered nests (P = 0.74). Open and covered nests differed, however, when predation risk (estimated by initial-predation rate) was examined separately for day and night using camera-monitored nests; the frequency of initial predations that occurred during the day was higher for open nests than covered nests (P = 0.015). Thus, vulnerability of some nest types may depend on the relative importance of nocturnal and diurnal predators. Predation risk increased with nestling age from 0 to 8 days (P = 0.07). Up to 15% of fates assigned to camera-monitored nests were wrong when based solely on evidence that would have been available from periodic nest visits. There was no evidence of disturbance at nearly half the depredated nests, including all 5 depredated by large mammals. Overlap in types of sign left by different predator species, and variability of sign within species, suggests that evidence at nests is unreliable for identifying predators of grassland passerines. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pietz, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 82 TC 168 Z9 172 U1 6 U2 71 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 71 EP 87 DI 10.2307/3802976 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900008 ER PT J AU Goodloe, RB Warren, RJ Osborn, DA Hall, C AF Goodloe, RB Warren, RJ Osborn, DA Hall, C TI Population characteristics of feral horses on Cumberland Island, Georgia and their management implications SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cumberland Island; Equus caballus; exotics; feral horses; population census ID PREGNANCY DETERMINATION; WILD HORSES; REPRODUCTION; RATES AB Control of feral horse populations (Equus caballus) on public lands is restricted to nonlethal methods. These methods can limit population growth; however, efficacy may vary among populations with differing demography and social structures. Characteristics of many western feral horse populations are well documented, but fewer data are available for Atlantic barrier island populations. Therefore, we monitored a population of feral horses on Cumberland Island, Georgia from 1986 to 1990. Population growth averaged 4.3% annually with a stable age structure. Mean size of bands with greater than or equal to 1 stallion was 4.6 horses. The adult sex ratio for the population was 0.6 females: 1.0 males. About 66% of mares fouled during a given >enr and no juvenile females foaled. Annual survival rates averaged 61.1% fur female foals, 58.8% for male foals, and 92.4% for mares. Most bands contained a dominant or codominant stallion, mares and-or juvenile females, and. foals. Most mares (62.5%) changed, bands greater than or equal to 1 time during; our study Bachelors represented 50.4% of stallions. These population characteristics differed from other feral horse populations. The small Land size, large number of bachelors, high degree of band instability and codominance of Land stallions on Cumberland Island likely will limit the efficacy of some forms of nonlethal population control. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US Forest Serv, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Warren, RJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 247 S Milledge Ave, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.2307/3802980 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900012 ER PT J AU Mech, LD Nelson, ME AF Mech, LD Nelson, ME TI Do wolves affect white-tailed buck harvest in northeastern Minnesota? SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bucks; Canis lupus; harvesting; hunting; Minnesota; Odocoileus virginianus; population; predation; white-tailed deer; wolf ID WOLF PREDATION; DEER; MORTALITY; MOVEMENTS; QUEBEC AB We used simple linear regression to analyze 8-23 years of data on a wolf (Canis lupus) population and human harvest of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) bucks in northeastern Minnesota to determine any effects of wolves on buck harvesting. Over the long term, wolves accounted for at least 14-22% of die inter-year variation in buck harvest in the region, but an unknown amount of variation in hunter effort may have obscured any more precise estimate. For part of the area with poorest habitat, we found strong inverse relationships (r(2) = 0.66-0.84) between annual wolf numbers and buck harvests from 1988 to 1995 when hunting pressure was considered relatively constant. However, in better habitat, where our buck harvest sample was larger, we found no evidence of wolves influencing buck harvest. Our findings tend to confirm the suitability of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resource's deer harvest regulations for a sustainable yield. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.2307/3802982 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900014 ER PT J AU Anderson, JT Smith, LM Haukos, DA AF Anderson, JT Smith, LM Haukos, DA TI Food selection and feather molt by nonbreeding American green-winged teal in Texas Playas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American green-winged teal; Anas crecca; food selection; molt; playas; Southern High Plains; Texas ID SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; NORTHERN PINTAILS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; FEMALE MALLARDS; WETLANDS; LAKES; PROTEIN; INVERTEBRATES; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB We examined whether intensity of feather molt influenced food selection of nonbreeding American green-winged teal (Anas crecca carolinensis) in the Southern High Plains of Texas from autumn to early winter 1994 (n = 104) and 1995 (n = 85). Invertebrates comprised 8-31% and seeds 69-92% of the foods consumed. by real. All age-ses cohorts of teal consumed. invertebrates in greater proportion than available and consumed seeds less than expected (P less than or equal to 0.01). Feather molt intensity (% sheathed feathers) was greater during wet (11.64 +/- 0.17% in 1995; (x) over bar +/- SE) than dry (3.61 +/- 0.14% in 1994) years (P < 0.001). Invertebrate consumption increased as feather molt intensity increased for adult males and juvenile females (P < 0.001). Because teal selected invertebrates over seeds and molt intensity was greater when invertebrates were more abundant, natural foods, especially invertebrates, may be an important proximate factor related to feather molt intensity and nutrient-reserve acquisition of nonbreeding green-winged teal in the Southern High Plains. Wetland management for nonbreeding waterfowl should incorporate strategies for production of invertebrates and seeds. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Anderson, JT (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Wildlife & Fisheries Resources Program, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.2307/3802994 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900026 ER PT J AU Schmutz, JA Morse, JA AF Schmutz, JA Morse, JA TI Effects of neck collars and radiotransmitters on survival and reproduction of emperor geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding propensity; Chen canagica; clutch size; egg size; emperor goose; environmental variance; mark-recapture; neck band; radiotelemetry; survival ID CANADA GEESE; BLACK BRANT; BANDS AB Neck collars have been used widely for studies of goose population biology. Despite concerns about their negative impacts, few studies have employed designs capable of clearly demonstrating these effects. During a 1993-98 study of emperor geese (Chen canagica), we contrasted survival and reproduction of geese marked with tarsal bands to those marked with either small neck collars, large neck collars, or small neck collars with attached radiotransmitters, Annual survival of adult females marked with tarsal bands varied among years and averaged 0.807 +/- 0.140 ((x) over bar +/- SE). Survival of geese with other types of markers also varied among years but was lower (0.640 +/- 0.198). Collars with radiotransmitters lowered breeding propensity, as indexed by resighting rates. Although clutch sizes of tarsal banded birds were similar to those for unmarked birds, other markers reduced clutch sizes by about 1 egg Egg mass and hatch date were not affected by marker type. Future studies of goose demographics should seriously consider use of alternative markers. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Schmutz, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 33 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.2307/3802995 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900027 ER PT J AU Longcore, JR Mcauley, DG Clugston, DA Bunck, CM Giroux, JF Ouellet, C Parker, GR Dupuis, P Stotts, DB Goldsberry, JR AF Longcore, JR Mcauley, DG Clugston, DA Bunck, CM Giroux, JF Ouellet, C Parker, GR Dupuis, P Stotts, DB Goldsberry, JR TI Survival of American black ducks radiomarked in Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Vermont SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE American black duck; Anas rubripes; Canada; hunting; migration; mortality; Nova Scotia; Quebec; survival; telemetry; Vermont ID TELEMETRY; MALLARDS; RATES AB We monitored survival of 397 radiomarked juvenile American black ducks (Anas rubripes) distributed among Les Escoumins (n = 75) and Kamouraska, Quebec (n = 84), Amherst Point, Nova Scotia (n = 89), and a site on the Vermont-Quebec border (n = 149) during autumn 1990 and 1991. Eighty-six percent (215 of 250) of all confirmed mortalities during the study was from hunting; 72% of marked ducks were shot and retrieved and 14% were shot and. unretrieved. We tested for differences in survival in relation to sex, body mass, year (1990-91, 1991-92), and among the 4 locations for each of 2 monitoring periods (early: EMP; late, LMP). With data from the EMP for Vermont-Quebec in 1990 and 1991, Les Escoumins in 1990, and. Amherst Point in 1991, survival of hatching-year (HY) males and females did not differ (P = 0.357). For sexes combined. for the EMP, survival of clucks was greater in 1991 than 1900 (P = 0.086), and differed among locations (P = 0.013). Survival (years combined) was greater at Amherst Point than at Kamouraska (P = 0.003) and Vermont-Quebec (P = 0.002) during the EMP. The highest survival rate at Amherst Point (0.545 +/- 0.056 [SE]) was associated with the latest date (8 Oct) of season opening; the lowest survival rate (0.385 +/- 0.043) was at the Vermont-Quebec border, where hunter numbers and, activity were greatest. For the LMP no interaction between years and locations was detected (P = 0.942), and no differences in survival existed between years (P = 0.102) and among locations (P = 0.349). No association was detected between body mass at capture and survival of combined males and females during the EMP (P = 0.572) or during the EMP (P = 0.572) or during we censored hunting losses for combined years for each period, EMP or LMP all survival estimates exceeded 0.800 (0.809-0.985). These data emphasize need for an improved harvest strategy for American black ducks in North America to allow for increases in breeding populations to achieve population goals. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6, Canada. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, St Foy, PQ G1V 4H5, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Migratory Bird Management Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Longcore, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 5768 S Annex A, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 238 EP 252 DI 10.2307/3802996 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900028 ER PT J AU Naugle, DE Higgins, KF Estey, ME Johnson, RR Nusser, SM AF Naugle, DE Higgins, KF Estey, ME Johnson, RR Nusser, SM TI Local and landscape-level factors influencing black tern habitat suitability SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black terns; discriminant function; easements; landscapes; prairie potholes; South Dakota; wetlands; wetland protection programs ID ECOLOGY; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE AB Wetlands throughout eastern South Dakota were surveyed (1995-97) for foraging and nesting black terns (Chlidonias niger) to evaluate local and landscape factors influencing habitat suitability. We surveyed 834 randomly selected, semipermanent, and seasonal wetlands that were stratified by physiographic domain, wetland density, and wetland surface area. A discriminant function model was used in a geographic information system (GIS) to classify habitat suitability of all semipermanent wetlands in eastern South Dakota. We calculated number of suitable, protected wetlands by combining wetlands with easement and fee-title tracts in the GIS. Black terns nested in 7.8% and foraged in an additional 17.9% of semipermanent wetlands. Significant variables in the discriminant function were wetland area, total semipermanent wetland area within the wetland complex, and grassland area in the upland matrix. Black tents were an area-dependent species that occupied large ((x) over bar = 18.9 ha) wetlands located within high-density wetland complexes. Black terns typically occurred in wetlands within landscapes where <50% of upland grasslands were tilled. Classification rates were high (76-100%). indicating that the model identified unsuitable wetlands using wetland area and landscape-level attributes. Characteristics of entire landscapes must be considered in habitat assessments because wetlands that do not correspond to landscape-scale habitat requirements may not be suitable despite favorable local conditions. Lower correct classification rates (22-78%) for occupied ponds indicated that suitability also is dependent on local conditions for wetlands which correspond to habitat requirements from a landscape perspective. Suitable black tern nest sites occurred within regenerating or degenerating wetlands where vegetation structure rather than species of vegetation dictated suitability of nest substrates. Wetland acquisition programs have protected 44% of wetlands suitable for black terns. Future wetland acquisitions should maintain the integrity of entire prairie landscapes in additional to attributes of individual wetlands. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Naugle, DE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.2307/3802997 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900029 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Petersen, MR Dau, CP Hines, JE Nichols, JD AF Flint, PL Petersen, MR Dau, CP Hines, JE Nichols, JD TI Annual survival and site fidelity of Steller's eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; band loss; molt; movement probability; Polysticta stelleri; site fidelity; Steller's eiders; survival ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BLACK BRANT; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; DUCKS; GEESE AB Populations of Steller's elders (Polysticta stelleri) molting and wintering along die Alaska Peninsula have declined since the 1960's. We captured and marked a large sample of Steller's elders molting in 2 lagoons along the Alaska Peninsula between 1975-97. We used mark-recapture analysis techniques to estimate annual survival and movement probabilities within and among lagoons for male and female elders. Estimates of annual survival (+/-SE) were 0.890 +/- 0.032 for females and 0.765 +/- 0.044 for males. Both sexes showed high rates of fidelity to specific molting locations (>95%) within lagoons; yet we found no evidence that annual probability of survival differed among groups molting in different locations either within or among lagoons. We found weak evidence that annual survival decreased between thr periods 1875-81 and 1991-97. The lower survival of males compared to females is unusual for water fowl and may result in a female-biased sex ratio. We conclude that a decrease in adult survival may have initiated the long-term population decline. Further, a shortage of males may be limiting reproductive potential. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 37 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.2307/3802998 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900030 ER PT J AU Powell, LA Conroy, MJ Hines, JE Nichols, JD Krementz, DG AF Powell, LA Conroy, MJ Hines, JE Nichols, JD Krementz, DG TI Simultaneous use of mark-recapture and radiotelemetry to estimate survival, movement, and capture rates SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE capture rate; Hylocichla mustelina; mark-recapture; movement; radiotelemetry; survival; temporary emigration; wood thrush ID RADIO TRANSMITTERS; DESIGN; REPRODUCTION AB Biologists often estimate separate survival and movement rates from radiotelemetry and, mark-recapture data from the same study population. We describe a method for combining these data types in a single model to obtain joint, potentially less biased estimates of survival anti movement that use all available data. We furnish an example using wood thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) captured at the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge in central Georgia in 1996. Thr model structure allows estimation of survival anti capture probabilities, as well as estimation of movements away from and into the study area. In addition, the model structure provides many possibilities for hypothesis testing. Using tie combined model structure, we estimated that weekly survival of wood thrushes was 0.989 +/- 0.007 (+/-SE). Survival rates of banded and radiomarked individual; were not different (<(alpha)over cap>[S-radiocd, S-handed] = log[(S) over cap(radiocd)/(S) over cap(banded)] = 0.0239, 95% CI = -0.0196 to 0.0486). Fidelity rates (weekly probability of remaining in a stratum) did. not differ between geographic strata (psi = 0.911 +/- 0.020; <(alpha)over cap>[psi(11), psi(22)] = 0.0161, 95% CI = -0.0309 to 0.0631), and recapture rates (p = 0.097 +/- 0.016) of banded and radiomarked individuals were not different (<(alpha)over cap>[p(radiocd), p(handed)] = 0.145, 95% CI = -0.510 to 0.800). Combining these data types in a common model resulted in more precise estimates of movement and recapture rates than separate estimation, but ability to detect stratum or mark-specific differences in parameters was weak. We conducted simulation trials to investigate the effects of varying study designs on parameter accuracy and statistical power to detect important differences. Parameter accuracy was high (relative bias [RBIAS] <2%) and confidence interval coverage close to nominal, except for survival estimates of banded birds for the "off study area" stratum, which were negatively biased (RBIAS -7 to -15%) when sample sizes were small (5-10 banded or radioed animals "released" per time interval). To provide adequate data for useful inference from this model, study designs should seek a minimum of 25 animals of each marking type observed (marked or observed via telemetry) in each time period and geographic stratum. C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey,Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Powell, LA (reprint author), Univ Dubuque, Dept Biol, 2000 Univ Ave, Dubuque, IA 52001 USA. RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 25 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 302 EP 313 DI 10.2307/3803003 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274VN UT WOS:000084785900035 ER PT J AU Jennings, MD AF Jennings, MD TI Gap analysis: concepts, methods, and recent results SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; conservation; large-area mapping; gap analysis ID RESERVE SELECTION; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; IDAHO; MANAGEMENT; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPES; HOTSPOTS; FUTURE; USA AB Rapid progress is being made in the conceptual, technical, and organizational requirements for generating synoptic multi- scale views of the earth's surface and its biological content. Using the spatially comprehensive data that are now available, researchers, land managers, and land-use planners can, for the first time, quantitatively place landscape units - from general categories such as 'Forests' or 'Cold-Deciduous Shrubland Formation' to more categories such as 'Picea glauca-Abies balsamea-Populus spp. Forest Alliance' - in their large-area contexts. The National Gap Analysis Program (GAP) has developed the technical and organizational capabilities necessary for the regular production and analysis of such information. This paper provides a brief overview of concepts and methods as well as some recent results from the GAP projects. Clearly, new frameworks for biogeographic information and organizational cooperation are needed if we are to have any hope of documenting the full range of species occurrences and ecological processes in ways meaningful to their management. The GAP experience provides one model for achieving these new frameworks. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Jennings, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Gap Anal Program, 530 S Asbury St,Suite 1, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 79 TC 177 Z9 199 U1 6 U2 58 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1023/A:1008184408300 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 258GN UT WOS:000083830400002 ER PT J AU Crist, PJ Kohley, TW Oakleaf, J AF Crist, PJ Kohley, TW Oakleaf, J TI Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert systems tool SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal behavior; biodiversity conservation; decision support; environmental planning; expert systems; gap analysis; GIS; land-use planning ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; LOCAL-GOVERNMENT; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; PROTECTION; RARE AB Habitat alteration, in the form of land-use development, is a leading cause of biodiversity loss in the U.S. and elsewhere. Although statutes in the U.S. may require consideration of biodiversity in local land-use planning and regulation, local governments lack the data, resources, and expertise to routinely consider biotic impacts that result from permitted land uses. We hypothesized that decision support systems could aid solution of this problem. We developed a pilot biodiversity expert systems tool (BEST) to test that hypothesis and learn what additional scientific and technological advancements are required for broad implementation of such a system. BEST uses data from the U.S. Geological Survey's Gap Analysis Program (GAP) and other data in a desktop GIS environment. The system provides predictions of conflict between proposed land uses and biotic elements and is intended for use at the start of the development review process. Key challenges were the development of categorization systems that relate named land-use types to ecological impacts, and relate sensitivities of biota to ecological impact levels. Although the advent of GAP and sophisticated desktop GIS make such a system feasible for broad implementation, considerable ongoing research is required to make the results of such a system scientifically sound, informative, and reliable for the regulatory process. We define a role for local government involvement in biodiversity impact assessment, the need for a biodiversity decision support system, the development of a prototype system, and scientific needs for broad implementation of a robust and reliable system. C1 USGS Gap Anal Program, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Crist, PJ (reprint author), USGS Gap Anal Program, 530 S Asbury St,Suite 1, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM pcrist@uidaho.edu NR 76 TC 34 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1008117427864 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 258GN UT WOS:000083830400005 ER PT J AU Clark, FS Slusher, RB AF Clark, FS Slusher, RB TI Using spatial analysis to drive reserve design: a case study of a national wildlife refuge in Indiana and Illinois (USA) SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-Plan; conservation biology; gap analysis; geographic information system; landscape ecology; national wildlife refuge; reserve design ID DIVERSITY AB Our refuge design strategy involves a landscape approach formulated to complement existing management efforts and employ restoration in the heavily degraded Kankakee River watershed in northeastern Indiana and northwestern Illinois. The watershed historically contained an approximately 400,000 ha wetland (Grand Marsh), a diverse riverine system, oak savanna, and prairie. Today only fragments of these habitats remain. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service developed a preliminary project proposal (PPP) during the summer of 1996 to protect and restore habitat within the watershed by establishing the Grand Kankakee Marsh National Wildlife Refuge. The Indiana and Illinois Gap Analysis projects provided the resources to move beyond the expert workshop approach to a data-driven method for initial reserve design. Using visual analysis of various Gap Analysis data layers, we established 'Focus Areas' that formed the basis for the Environmental Assessment and the Economic Impact Study required under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). We have initiated Phase II of the reserve design analysis using preliminary results of the Indiana Gap Analysis project and C-Plan software in conjunction with the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Clark, FS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington Field Off, 620 S Walker St, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1023/A:1008121528773 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 258GN UT WOS:000083830400007 ER PT J AU Schlekat, CE Decho, AW Chandler, GT AF Schlekat, CE Decho, AW Chandler, GT TI Bioavailability of particle-associated silver, cadmium, and zinc to the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus through dietary ingestion SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; COROPHIUM-VOLUTATOR CRUSTACEA; SEDIMENT-BOUND CD; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MACOMA-BALTHICA; MARINE BIVALVES; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; METAL UPTAKE AB We conducted experiments to determine effects of particle type on assimilatory metal bioavailability to Leptocheirus plumulosus, an infaunal, estuarine amphipod that is commonly used in sediment toxicity tests. The following particles were used to represent natural food items encountered by this surface-deposit and suspension-feeding amphipod: bacterial exopolymeric sediment coatings, polymeric coatings made from Spartina alterniflora extract, amorphous iron oxide coatings, the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta, processed estuarine sediment, and fresh estuarine sediment. Bioavailability of the gamma-emitting radioisotopes Ag-110m, Cd-109, and Zn-65 was measured as the efficiency with which L. plumulosus assimilated metals from particles using pulse-chase methods. Ag and Cd assimilation efficiencies were highest from bacterial exopolymeric coatings. Zn assimilation efficiency exhibited considerable interexperimental variation; the highest Zn assimilation efficiencies were measured from phytoplankton and processed sediment. In general, Ag and Cd assimilation efficiencies from phytoplankton were low and not related to the proportion of metal associated with cell cytosol or cytoplasm, a phenomenon reported for other particle-ingesting invertebrates. Amphipod digestive processes explain differences in Ag and Cd assimilation efficiencies between exopolymeric coatings and phytoplankton. Results highlight the importance of labile polymeric organic carbon sediment coatings in dietary metals uptake by this benthic invertebrate, rather than recalcitrant organic carbon, mineralogical features such as iron oxides, or phytoplankton. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, MS 465,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 65 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 277TL UT WOS:000084949600002 ER PT B AU Smith, RA Alexander, RB AF Smith, RA Alexander, RB GP NRAES NRAES TI Sources of nutrients in the nation's watersheds SO MANAGING NUTRIENTS AND PATHOGENS FORM ANIMAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference for Managing Nutrients and Pathogens from Animal Agriculture CY MAR 28-30, 2000 CL CAMP HILL, PA SP USDA, Water Qual Working Grp, US EPA, ARS, USDA, Agr Consulting Serv Inc, Bion Technol Inc, BioSun Syst, Brubaker Consulting Grp, Potash & Phosphate Inst, Purina Mills Inc ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SURFACE WATERS; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; IMPACT; QUALITY; EXPORT C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE PI ITHACA PA COOPERAT EXTENS, 152 RILEY-ROB B HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA BN 0-935817-54-9 PY 2000 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BR14H UT WOS:000165732700002 ER PT B AU Galeone, DG AF Galeone, DG GP NRAES NRAES TI Impact of fencing on nutrients: A case study SO MANAGING NUTRIENTS AND PATHOGENS FORM ANIMAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference for Managing Nutrients and Pathogens from Animal Agriculture CY MAR 28-30, 2000 CL CAMP HILL, PA SP USDA, Water Qual Working Grp, US EPA, ARS, USDA, Agr Consulting Serv Inc, Bion Technol Inc, BioSun Syst, Brubaker Consulting Grp, Potash & Phosphate Inst, Purina Mills Inc ID GROUNDWATER NITRATE; RIPARIAN FOREST; SEDIMENT; LOSSES C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lemoyne, PA 17043 USA. RP Galeone, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lemoyne, PA 17043 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE PI ITHACA PA COOPERAT EXTENS, 152 RILEY-ROB B HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA BN 0-935817-54-9 PY 2000 BP 403 EP 415 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BR14H UT WOS:000165732700031 ER PT J AU Bythell, JC Hillis-Starr, ZM Rogers, CS AF Bythell, JC Hillis-Starr, ZM Rogers, CS TI Local variability but landscape stability in coral reef communities following repeated hurricane impacts SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE hurricane impacts; disturbance; coral reefs; community dynamics ID INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE HYPOTHESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; MASS MORTALITY; SIZE STRUCTURE; PHASE-SHIFTS; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; JAMAICA; STATES; SCALES AB Coral reef community structure has remained remarkably stable over a 10 yr period within a small protected marine area despite repeated hurricane impacts. Local community dynamics have been highly variable, however. Sites that were destroyed by disease in the 1970s are showing little or no recovery, while sites less than a kilometre away that were devastated by Hurricane Hugo in 1989 are recovering well. Strong coral recruitment has occurred in shallow, exposed areas that showed the greatest hurricane impacts, and these areas are now more species rich than in 1988, although coral cover has not reached pre-hurricane levels. Coral colony survivorship has been high throughout most of the study area. Partial mortality rates were elevated for several years following Hurricane Hugo, but significant whole coral-head mortality only occurred during periods with hurricane impacts and only at the most exposed sites. Overall, the coral community has proved resilient to closely repeated major hurricane impacts. From a single case study we cannot attribute this resilience to the relatively low level of human impacts, but grazing fish populations have apparently remained high enough to keep macroalgae in check despite the mass mortality of the herbivore Diadema antillarum in the 1980s. C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Marine Sci & Coastal Management, Ctr Trop Coastal Management, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. US Natl Pk Serv, St Croix, VI 00820 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, St John, VI 00831 USA. RP Bythell, JC (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Dept Marine Sci & Coastal Management, Ctr Trop Coastal Management, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM j.c.bythell@ncl.ac.uk RI Bythell, John/E-7962-2010 OI Bythell, John/0000-0003-2416-9786 NR 54 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2000 VL 204 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.3354/meps204093 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 365GW UT WOS:000089943900008 ER PT J AU Konar, B AF Konar, B TI Limited effects of a keystone species: trends of sea otters and kelp forests at the Semichi Islands, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE community structure; trophic interactions; urchin barrens; Enhydra lutris; Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus; Alaria fistulosa ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; INTERACTION STRENGTH; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; RECRUITMENT; PREDATION; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; GENERALITY; ECOLOGY AB otters are well known as a keystone species because of their ability to transform sea urchin-dominated communities into kelp-dominated communities by preying on sea urchins and thus reducing the intensity of herbivory. After being locally extinct for more than a century, sea otters re-colonized the Semichi Islands in the Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska in the early 1990s. Here, otter populations increased to about 400 individuals by 1994, but rapidly declined to about 100 by 1997. Roughly 7 yr after initial otter re-colonization, there were only marginal changes in sea urchin biomass, mean maximum test size, and kelp density. These small changes may be the first steps in the cascading effects on community structure typically found with the invasion of a keystone species. However, no wholesale change in community structure occurred following re-colonization and growth of the sea otter population. Instead, this study describes a transition state and identifies factors such as keystone species density and residence time that can be important in dictating the degree to which otter effects are manifested. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Konar, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM bkonar@ims.uaf.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 60 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2000 VL 199 BP 271 EP 280 DI 10.3354/meps199271 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 338TA UT WOS:000088434300022 ER PT J AU Dean, TA Bodkin, JL Jewett, SC Monson, DH Jung, D AF Dean, TA Bodkin, JL Jewett, SC Monson, DH Jung, D TI Changes in sea urchins and kelp following a reduction in sea otter density as a result of the Exxon Valdez oil spill SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Enhydra lutris; Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis; Prince William Sound; Alaska; keystone species; top-down control ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ALASKA; RECOVERY; CARCASSES; PREDATION; MORTALITY; BEDS AB Interactions between sea otters Enhydra lutris, sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, and kelp were investigated following the reduction in sea otter density in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. At northern Knight Island, a heavily oiled portion of the sound, sea otter abundance was reduced by a minimum of 50% by the oil spill, and from 1995 through 1998 remained at an estimated 66% lower than in 1973. Where sea otter densities were reduced, there were proportionally more large sea urchins. However, except in some widely scattered aggregations, both density and biomass of sea urchins were similar in an area of reduced sea otter density compared with an area where sea otters remained about 10 times more abundant. Furthermore, there was no change in kelp abundance in the area of reduced sea otter density. This is in contrast to greatly increased biomass of sea urchins and greatly reduced kelp density observed following an approximate 90% decline in sea otter abundance in the western Aleutian Islands. The variation in community response to a reduction in sea otters may be related to the magnitude of the reduction and the non-linear response by sea urchins to changes in predator abundance. The number of surviving sea otters may have been high enough to suppress sea urchin populations in Prince William Sound, but not in the Aleutians. Alternatively, differences in response may have been due to differences in the frequency or magnitude of sea urchin recruitment. Densities of small sea urchins were much higher in the Aleutian system even prior to the reduction in sea otters, suggesting a higher rate of recruitment. C1 Coastal Resources Associates Inc, Vista, CA 92083 USA. Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Div Biol Resources, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Dean, TA (reprint author), Coastal Resources Associates Inc, 1185 Pk Ctr Dr,Ste A, Vista, CA 92083 USA. EM coastal_resources@compuserve.com RI Monson, Daniel/N-4469-2013 OI Monson, Daniel/0000-0002-4593-5673 NR 50 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 69 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2000 VL 199 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.3354/meps199281 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 338TA UT WOS:000088434300023 ER PT J AU Grenz, C Cloern, JE Hager, SW Cole, BE AF Grenz, C Cloern, JE Hager, SW Cole, BE TI Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE estuaries; benthic fluxes; nutrient cycling; pelagic-benthic coupling; San Francisco Bay ID SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE; NORTH-SEA; ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM; SEASONAL PATTERNS; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; DISSOLUTION RATES; CARBON FLOW; TIME-SCALES AB Benthic oxygen uptake and nutrient releases of N, P and Si were measured weekly at 2 sites in South San Francisco Bay around the 1996 spring bloom. Exchanges across the sediment-water interface were estimated from whole, care incubations performed in the laboratory at in situ temperature and in dark. Fluxes changed significantly on a weekly time scale. Over a period of 15 wk the fluxes of dissolved inorganic N, P and Si ranged from -40 to +200, 0 to 13 and from 30 to 400 mu mol m(-2) h(-1) respectively. Sediment oxygen demand increased from 10 before to 64 mg O-2 m(-2) h(-1) just after the bloom period. During the bloom, nutrient flutes represented about 20, 16 and 9% of the Si, P and N requirements for primary production. Before and after the bloom period, Si fluxes contributed up to 30 and >100% of this requirement and P and N fluxes up to 15 and 50% respectively. Simple empirical models explain most of the spatial-temporal variability of benthic fluxes of Si, P and NH4 (but not NO3) from 3 predictor variables: sediment porosity, nutrient concentration in bottom waters and chlorophyll content of surficial sediments. These models show that algal blooms influence benthic-pelagic nutrient exchange through 2 processes: (1) depletion of nutrients from the water column (which enhances gradient-driven transports across the sediment-water interface) and (2) sedimentation of labile phytodetritus (which promotes remineralization in or on the surficial sediments). Rates and patterns of nutrient cycling were very different at the shallow and deep study sites, illustrating the challenge of extrapolating measurements of coupled algae-nutrient dynamics to whole ecosystems. C1 Univ Mediterrannee, CNRS UMR 6535, F-13007 Marseille, France. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Grenz, C (reprint author), Univ Mediterrannee, CNRS UMR 6535, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, F-13007 Marseille, France. EM grenz@com.univ-mrs.fr RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; GRENZ, Christian/F-7586-2011; GRENZ, Christian/I-7830-2012; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; GRENZ, Christian/0000-0002-6922-9124; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 67 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2000 VL 197 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.3354/meps197067 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 324KL UT WOS:000087620800006 ER PT J AU Estes, JA Peterson, CH AF Estes, JA Peterson, CH TI Marine ecological research in seashore and seafloor systems: accomplishments and future directions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE coral reefs; ecological concepts; kelp forests; novel approaches; rocky shores; unconsolidated substrates ID SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FOOD WEBS; OCEANOGRAPHIC CLIMATE; INTERACTION STRENGTH; SPATIAL SCALES; SOFT SEDIMENTS; CORAL REEFS; SALT-MARSH; SEA OTTERS; COMMUNITIES AB Research in seashore and seafloor communities has contributed immensely to the conceptual growth of ecology. Here we summarize some of the most important findings and discuss needs and opportunities for future work. Disproportionately large numbers of the most influential contributions are derived from studies of rocky shores and coral reefs because aspects of these Systems (accessibility) and of their most common species (sessile or weakly motile, high density, short generation time) make them well suited to manipulative experiments. Foremost among the research contributions from seashore and seafloor systems are increased understanding of (1) competition and consumer-prey interactions, (2) trophic cascades and other indirect species interactions, (3) the evolution of defense and resistance in consumer-prey systems, (4) the importance of propagule transport and recruitment variation to adult populations, (5) the impacts of physical disturbance, and (6) the generation and maintenance of species diversity on ecological time scales. We acknowledge the importance of manipulative experiments in the growth of marine ecology, but question whether a strict adherence to this approach will best serve future needs. Some of the most pressing needs for future knowledge are: (1) documenting the complex influences of spatial and temporal scales on ecological processes, (2) identifying the role of large, mobile predators in marine ecosystems, (3) understanding factors limiting marine autotrophs, (4) integrating historical biology and neontology, and (5) appreciating intersystem linkages. Increased attention to conducting arrays of experiments, taking measurements and observations, and documenting change at larger scales of space and time will provide insights that are unattainable by the commonly used methodological protocols. Novel approaches, including (1) evaluating and managing human disturbance for the joint purpose of conservation and learning, (2) developing stronger ties between scientists working in open-ocean and near-shore systems, and (3) developing collaborative projects among scientists in the academic, governmental, and private sectors are required to understand many of these processes. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, A-316 Earth & Marine Sci Bldg, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jestes@cats.ucsc.edu NR 103 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2000 VL 195 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps195281 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 308MD UT WOS:000086715100024 ER PT J AU Cholwek, G Bonde, J Li, X Richards, C Yin, K AF Cholwek, G Bonde, J Li, X Richards, C Yin, K TI Processing RoxAnn sonar data to improve its categorization of lake bed surficial substrates dagger SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE acoustic signals; bathymetry; bottom classification; fish habitat; Lake Superior; lake trout; multivariate statistics AB To categorize spawning and nursery habitat for lake trout in Minnesota's near shore waters of Lake Superior, data was collected with a single beam echo sounder coupled with a RoxAnn bottom classification sensor. Test areas representative of the different bottom surficial substrates were sampled. The collected data consisted of acoustic signals which showed both depth and substrate type. The location of the signals was tagged in real-time with a DGPS. All data was imported into a GIS database. To better interpret the output signal from the RoxAnn, several pattern classifiers were developed by multivariate statistical method. From the data a detailed and accurate map of lake bed bathymetry and surficial substrate types was produced. This map will be of great value to fishery and other natural resource managers. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Sea Grant, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. RP Yin, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 409 EP 421 DI 10.1023/A:1026525326823 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 382EC UT WOS:000165809000001 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Fox, CG Embley, RW Nabelek, JL Braunmiller, J Koski, RA AF Dziak, RP Fox, CG Embley, RW Nabelek, JL Braunmiller, J Koski, RA TI Recent tectonics of the Blanco Ridge, eastern blanco transform fault zone SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE Blanco transform fault zone; earthquakes; ridge formation; submersible ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; PLATE BOUNDARY; FRACTURE-ZONES; OCEANIC-CRUST; PACIFIC; EARTHQUAKES; DEFORMATION; MORPHOLOGY; CLIPPERTON; MECHANISM AB Bathymetric, hydro-acoustic, seismic, submersible, and gravity data are used to investigate the active tectonics of the eastern Blanco Transform Fault Zone (BTFZ). The eastern BTFZ is dominated by the similar to 150 km long transform-parallel Blanco Ridge (BR) which is a right-lateral strike-slip fault bordered to the east and west by the Gorda and Cascadia Depressions. Acoustic locations, fault-parameter information, and slip vector estimates of 43 earthquakes (M(w)greater than or equal to3.8) that occurred along the eastern BTFZ over the last 5 years reveal that the Blanco Ridge is a high-angle right-lateral strike-slip fault, with a small component of dip-slip motion, where the Juan de Fuca plate is the hanging wall relative to the Pacific plate. Furthermore, the Cascadia and Gorda basins are undergoing normal faulting with extension predominantly oblique to the transform trend. Seafloor submersible observations agree with previous hypotheses that the active transform fault trace is the elongate basin that runs the length of the BR summit. Brecciated and undeformed basalt, diabase, and gabbro samples were collected at the four submersible survey sites along the Blanco Ridge. These petrologic samples indicate the Blanco Ridge is composed of an ocean crustal sequence that has been uplifted and highly fractured. The petrologic samples also appear to show an increase in elevation of the crustal section from east to west along the Blanco Ridge, with gabbros exposed at a shallower depth farther west along the southern (Pacific plate side) BR ridge flank. Further supporting evidence for BR uplift exists in the seismic reflection profiles across the BR showing uplift of turbidite sequences along the north and south ridge base, and gravity and magnetics profiles that indicate possible basement uplift and a low-density zone centered on the ridge's Pacific plate side. The BR formation mechanism preferred here is first, uplift achieved partially through strike-slip motion (with a small dip-slip component). Second, seawater penetration along the fault into the lower crust upper mantle, which then enhanced formation and intrusion of a mantle-derived serpentinized-peridotite diapir into the shallow ocean crust, causing further uplift along the fault. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PY 2000 VL 21 IS 5 BP 423 EP 450 DI 10.1023/A:1026545910893 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 382EC UT WOS:000165809000002 ER PT J AU Melin, SR DeLong, RL Thomason, JR VanBlaricom, GR AF Melin, SR DeLong, RL Thomason, JR VanBlaricom, GR TI Attendance patterns of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) females and pups during the non-breeding season at San Miguel Island SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; Zalophus californianus; attendance pattern; El Nino; weaning; maternal behavior; non-breeding season ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; FORAGING CHARACTERISTICS; PREY AB The attendance patterns of California sea lions were studied during the non-breeding seasons from 1991 to 1994. Lactating females frequented the rookery to nurse their pups until weaning; most non-lactating females left the rookery for the season. Females spent over 70% of their time at sea except in 1993 when they spent 59% of their time at sea. The mean foraging trip length in the winter and spring ranged from 3.3 to 4.6 d; the mean nursing visit ranged from 1.2 to 1.4 d. The duration of foraging trips and nursing visits was variable over the season for individuals but no pattern of change was detected. Interannual and seasonal differences were not significant for time at sea, visits ashore, or foraging-trip duration before, during, or after the 1992-1993 El Nino event. Pups spent an average of 66.6% of their time ashore and up to three days away from the rookery during their mother's absence. Most females and pups stayed associated until April or May. The results suggest that seasonal movement of prey is more important in determining attendance patterns late in the lactation period than increasing energy demands of the pup. C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Melin, SR (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00911.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 275GP UT WOS:000084812700011 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Burdin, AM Ryazanov, DA AF Bodkin, JL Burdin, AM Ryazanov, DA TI Age- and sex-specific mortality and population structure in sea otters SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; survival; density dependence; sex-ratio; behavior; social organization; sexual segregation; equilibrium; population ecology ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; ALASKA; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVAL; ORGANIZATION AB We used 742 beach-cast carcasses to characterize age- and sex-specific sea otter mortality during the winter of 1990-1991 at Bering Island, Russia. We also examined 363 carcasses recovered after the 1989 grounding of the TN Exxon Valdez, to characterize age and sex composition in the living western Prince William Sound (WPWS) sea otter population. At Bering Island, mortality was male-biased (81%), and 75% were adults. The WPWS population was female-biased (59%) and most animals were subadult (79% of the males and 45% of the females). In the decade prior to 1990-1991 we found increasing sea otter densities (particularly among males), declining prey resources, and declining weights in adult male sea otters at Bering Island. Our findings suggest the increased mortality at Bering Island in 1990-1991 was a density-dependent population response. We propose male-maintained breeding territories and exclusion of juvenile females by adult females, providing a mechanism for maintaining;densities in female areas below densities in male areas and for potentially moderating the effects of prey reductions on the female population. Increased adult male mortality at Bering Island in 1990-1991 likely modified the sex and age class structure there toward that observed in Prince William Sound. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Inst Ecol & Nature Management, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683024, Russia. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 52 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 201 EP 219 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00913.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 275GP UT WOS:000084812700013 ER PT S AU Meeker, GP Thornber, CR AF Meeker, GP Thornber, CR BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI A three dimensional view of basalt crystallization in "lava straws" from Kilauea. SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Meeker, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400149 ER PT S AU Meeker, GP Thornber, CR Hinkley, TK AF Meeker, GP Thornber, CR Hinkley, TK BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI Natural "fly ash" from the Kilauea volcano, Hawaii SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc ID PLUME C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Meeker, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 309 EP 310 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400155 ER PT S AU Ridley, WI Aruscavage, PJ Wilson, SA AF Ridley, WI Aruscavage, PJ Wilson, SA BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI The laser ablation ICP-MS trace element microprobe: methods development for analysis of geologic materials SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mineral Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ridley, WI (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mineral Resources Team, Box 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400175 ER PT S AU Thornber, CR Meeker, GP AF Thornber, CR Meeker, GP BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI Microbeam analysis of lava from the current Kilauea eruption: an integral part of volcano monitoring SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98662 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80025 USA. RP Thornber, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98662 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400231 ER PT J AU Pamic, J Belak, M Bullen, TD Lanphere, MA McKee, EH AF Pamic, J Belak, M Bullen, TD Lanphere, MA McKee, EH TI Geochemistry and geodynamics of a Late Cretaceous bimodal volcanic association from the southern part of the Pannonian Basin in Slavonija (Northern Croatia) SO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; ISLAND-ARC; ROCKS; PETROGENESIS; PACIFIC; DISCRIMINATION; SUBDUCTION; DIAGRAM; MAGMAS AB In this paper we present petrological and geochemical information on a bimodal basalt-rhyolite suite associated with A-type granites of Late Cretaceous age from the South Pannonian Basin in Slavonija (Croatia). Basalts and alkali-feldspar rhyolites, associated in some places with ignimbrites, occur in volcanic bodies that are interlayered with pyroclastic and fossiliferous Upper Cretaceus sedimentary rocks. The petrology and geochemistry of the basalts and alkali-feldspar rhyolites are constrained by microprobe analyses, major and trace element analyses including REE, and radiogenic and stable isotope data. Basalts that are mostly transformed into metabasalts (mainly spilites), are alkalic to subalkalic and their geochemical signatures, particularly trace element and REE patterns, are similar to recent back-are basalts. Alkali-feldspar rhyolites have similar geochemical features to the associated cogenetic A-type granites, as shown by their large variation of Na2O and K2O (total 8-9%), very low MgO and CaO, and very high Zr contents ranging between 710 and 149 ppm. Geochemical data indicate an amphibole Iherzolite source within a metasomatized upper mantle wedge, with the influence of upper mantle diapir with MORB signatures and continental crust contamination. Sr incorporated in the primary basalt melt had an initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of 0.7039 indicating an upper mantle origin, whereas the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio for the alkali-feldspar rhyolites and associated A-type granites is 0.7073 indicating an apparent continental crust origin. However, some other geochemical data favour the idea that they might have mainly originated by fractionation of primary mafic melt coupled with contamination of continental crust. Only one rhyolite sample appears to be the product of melting of continental crust. Geological and geodynamic data indicate that the basalt-rhyolite association was probably related to Alpine subduction processes in the Dinaridic Tethys which can be correlated with recent back-are basins. The difference in geological and isotope ages between the bimodal basalt-rhyolite volcanism with A-type granite plutonism (72 Ma) and the final sykinematic S-type granite plutonism (48 Ma) can be taken as a lifetime of the presumed BARE system of the Dinaridic Tethys. Remnants of this presumed subduction zone can be traced fur 380 km along the surrounding northernmost Dinarides. C1 Croatian Acad Sci & Arts, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Inst Geol, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Pamic, J (reprint author), Croatian Acad Sci & Arts, Ante Kovacica 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0930-0708 J9 MINER PETROL JI Mineral. Petrol. PY 2000 VL 68 IS 4 BP 271 EP 296 DI 10.1007/s007100050013 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 303AY UT WOS:000086399700003 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, DK BE Young, C TI An overview of arsenic mass-poisoning in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India SO MINOR ELEMENTS 2000: PROCESSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AS, SB, SE, TE, AND BI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Mining-Metallurgy-and-Exploration CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Min Met & Explorat ID ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; MOLYBDATE; FERRIHYDRITE; GROUNDWATER; EXAFS AB The largest mass poisoning in the world, perhaps in history, is happening in West Bengal India, and Bangladesh. Many thousands of people suffer from arsenic skin disorders and are dying from cancer. About 29 million are estimated to be at risk The discovery of arsenic poisoning from tubewell drinking water was made in 1983, but it took about 10 years to be formally recognized as a large-scale problem. The source of the arsenic is natural and three hypotheses have been proposed for its mobilization: oxidation of arsenian pyrite, reductive iron dissolution with release of adsorbed arsenic, and competitive adsorption from phosphate. The processes causing arsenic mobilization in the Bengal Delta are still poorly understood and further research is needed to design long-term remediation strategies. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC MIN ENGINEERS AIME PI LITTLETON PA CALLER NO D, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-199-1 PY 2000 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP81N UT WOS:000086293100002 ER PT B AU Crock, JG Lamothe, PJ AF Crock, JG Lamothe, PJ BE Young, C TI A short review of the current environmental analytical chemistry of As, Sb, Se, Te, and Bi SO MINOR ELEMENTS 2000: PROCESSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AS, SB, SE, TE, AND BI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Mining-Metallurgy-and-Exploration CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Min Met & Explorat ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; GENERATION ICP-AES; HYDRIDE GENERATION; GEOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; PARTIAL DISSOLUTION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SELENIUM; SPECIATION AB The accurate analysis of environmental materials, including biological geological, and man-made matrices, form the basis for most environmental studies. Difficulties in providing unbiased determinations include the large range of analyte and matrix element concentrations, phase associations of the analyte element, sample size (too small or too large), sample homogeneity, analyte volatility, and sample contamination. The current status of the determination of the environmentally important elements As, Sb, Se, Te, and Bi is discussed. Current trends in analytical chemistry relate to lower detection limits (at least in the low mu g/Kg range), simultaneous multi-element determinations, automation of the sample digestion/preparation, automation of data handling, and species characterization (phase association and/or valence). The growth in environmental analytical chemistry has also given rise to increased awareness of the need for a wide range of appropriate standard reference materials, both for total and partial analyses. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Crock, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MIN ENGINEERS AIME PI LITTLETON PA CALLER NO D, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-199-1 PY 2000 BP 75 EP 94 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP81N UT WOS:000086293100007 ER PT B AU Brown, RD AF Brown, RD BE Young, C TI Selenium, tellurium, and bismuth: Supply, demand, and progress SO MINOR ELEMENTS 2000: PROCESSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AS, SB, SE, TE, AND BI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Mining-Metallurgy-and-Exploration CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Min Met & Explorat ID CANCER AB The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Information Team, formerly the Minerals Information Directorate of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, collects and disseminates commodity data on 83 metals and minerals including selenium, tellurium, and bismuth. These three elements are rarely produced as the principal metal and consequently are usually byproducts making their availability a somewhat complicated function of the demand for their respective principal metals. It is therefore noted that copper is the primary metal for which selenium and tellurium are byproducts. Likewise, lead is the principal metal for bismuth. Ordinarily, these principal metals can be mined and processed at a profit without consideration of the byproducts; however, the extra revenue from them can lift the bottom line from red to black. In this regard, a current overview of the selenium, tellurium, and bismuth markets is presented. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Brown, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MIN ENGINEERS AIME PI LITTLETON PA CALLER NO D, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-199-1 PY 2000 BP 307 EP 321 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP81N UT WOS:000086293100029 ER PT B AU Nordstrom, DK AF Nordstrom, DK BE Young, C TI Thermodynamic properties of environmental arsenic species: Limitations and needs SO MINOR ELEMENTS 2000: PROCESSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AS, SB, SE, TE, AND BI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Mining-Metallurgy-and-Exploration CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Min Met & Explorat ID SOLUBILITY; STABILITY; FEASO4.2H2O; SPECIATION; SCORODITE; WATER AB This brief review focuses on thermodynamic properties for those compounds, elements, and aqueous species of arsenic that may be of environmental significance for purposes of geochemical modeling. The data has large gaps, it is poorly evaluated and there is considerable need for further work. One of the key species for which thermodynamic evaluation is sorely needed is free energy, enthalpy, and entropy data for one of the hydrolyzed forms of the arsenate ion. Until these data are available, there will be large uncertainties in the derivation of free energies of formation of arsenate minerals from solubility data. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nordstrom, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC MIN ENGINEERS AIME PI LITTLETON PA CALLER NO D, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-199-1 PY 2000 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP81N UT WOS:000086293100030 ER PT B AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Schroeder, RA Setmire, JG AF Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Schroeder, RA Setmire, JG BE Young, C TI Nanofiltration membranes used to remove selenium and other minor elements from wastewater SO MINOR ELEMENTS 2000: PROCESSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AS, SB, SE, TE, AND BI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Mining-Metallurgy-and-Exploration CY FEB 28-MAR 01, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Soc Min Met & Explorat ID PRECIPITATION; WATER AB Selenium, As, Mo, U, and other minor elements may be present in high and toxic concentrations in agricultural drainage, petroleum-refinery effluent, and wastewater from mining operations. We have conducted laboratory and pilot-scale field experiments using nanofiltration, a recently developed membrane technology, to remove Se and other contaminants from saline agricultural wastewater from the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys, California. Results show that these membranes selectively remove >95% of Se, SO(4) Mo, U and DOC, and similar to 30% of As from this wastewater. Low percentages of Cl, NO(3) and HCO(3), with enough cations to maintain electrical neutrality, also are removed. These membranes treated >90% of the wastewater tested. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MIN ENGINEERS AIME PI LITTLETON PA CALLER NO D, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-199-1 PY 2000 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP81N UT WOS:000086293100035 ER PT B AU Bradley, PM Dinicola, RS Landmeyer, JE AF Bradley, PM Dinicola, RS Landmeyer, JE BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME TI Natural attenuation of 1,2-dichloroethane by aquifer microorganisms under Mn(IV)-reducing conditions SO NATURAL ATTENUATION CONSIDERATIONS AND CASE STUDIES: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID VINYL-CHLORIDE AB A laboratory investigation was initiated to evaluate the potential for anaerobic, microbial mineralization of 1,2-DCA to CO2 under Mn(IV)-reducing conditions. Efficient anaerobic oxidation of[1,2-C-14] dichloroethane (DCA) to (CO2)-C-14 under Mn(IV)-reducing conditions was observed. Approximately 65% mineralization of [1,2-C-14] DCA was observed after 62 days. No products other than (CO2)-C-14 were observed under these conditions. The results of this study indicate that anaerobic microbial oxidation under Mn(IV)-reducing conditions may be a significant mechanism for natural attenuation of chloroethane contaminants in ground-water systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Bradley, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-097-7 PY 2000 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65Q UT WOS:000167101700022 ER PT S AU Bounds, DL Mollett, TA AF Bounds, DL Mollett, TA BE Salmon, TP Crabb, AC TI Can nutria be eradicated in Maryland? SO NINETEENTH VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Vertebrate Pest Conference CY MAR 06-09, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE nutria; (Myocastor coypus); Maryland; eradication; invasive species; exotic species; non-native species; Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge; Tudor Farms; Maryland Department of Natural Resources; Fishing Bay Wildlife Management Area ID OVARIAN AB The Presidential Executive Order 13112 for control of invasive species signed by President Clinton illustrates the national concern over the negative impact that nutria (Myocastor coypus) and other non-native, invasive species have on the nation's natural resources. Nutria are established in 15 states nationwide and cause damage to agricultural crops and natural ecosystems. Despite efforts to control their populations, nutria are found in Maryland throughout the Eastern Shore and in the Potomac and Patuxent Rivers on the Western Shore. Twenty-three federal, state, and private organizations have combined their efforts to develop a three-year pilot plan for nutria control entitled "Marsh Restoration: Nutria Control in Maryland." In 1999 and 2000, funding became available to begin the first year of the three-year pilot effort. The objectives of the pilot program are to develop accurate population estimates, determine effective trapping strategies to maximize nutria harvest and minimize impacts to non-target species, evaluate the effects of population control on nutria home range and movement patterns, determine how population control affects nutria reproductive behavior, determine if the health of nutria populations is influenced by intense harvest pressure, and monitor the effects of intense nutria harvest on vegetative response. Implementation of the control plan will begin during summer 2000. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Bounds, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Room 1120,Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE PI DAVIS PA UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS WILDLIFE EXTENSION, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA SN 0507-6773 J9 PROC VERTEBR PEST C PY 2000 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Entomology; Zoology SC Entomology; Zoology GA BU02H UT WOS:000174742900023 ER PT S AU Stewart, WB Matschke, GH McCann, GR Bourassa, JB Ramey, CA AF Stewart, WB Matschke, GH McCann, GR Bourassa, JB Ramey, CA BE Salmon, TP Crabb, AC TI Hand baiting efficacy of chlorophacinone and diphacinone grain baits to control Valley pocket gophers SO NINETEENTH VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Vertebrate Pest Conference CY MAR 06-09, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA DE animal damage; anticoagulants; chlorophacinone and diphacinone rodenticides; Thomomys bottae; Valley pocket gophers AB Valley pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) cause considerable damage each year to a variety of crops. In the fall of 1997, efficacy data were collected after the hand placement of anticoagulant grain baits into underground burrows of Valley pocket gophers in northern California. Twenty-four Treatment Units (TUs) were divided into one of four treatment groups: 1) 0.01% diphacinone; 2) 0.005% diphacinone; 3) 0.01% chlorophacinone; and 4) 0.005% chlorophacinone grain baits. Each treatment group contained five treated TUs and one control TU. Active burrow systems were hand baited with the respective baits. Efficacy was determined through use of the open-hole index and radio telemetry, Neither the 0.005% or 0.01% chlorophacinone or diphacinone grain baits met the Environmental Protection Agency's 70% standard for verifying efficacy of rodenticides. Potential reasons for the low efficacy of less than 10% for the four treatment groups are discussed. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, New York, NY 11967 USA. RP Stewart, WB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, POB 21, New York, NY 11967 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERTEBRATE PEST CONFERENCE PI DAVIS PA UNIV CALIFORNIA DAVIS WILDLIFE EXTENSION, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA SN 0507-6773 J9 PROC VERTEBR PEST C PY 2000 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Entomology; Zoology SC Entomology; Zoology GA BU02H UT WOS:000174742900067 ER PT J AU Rach, JJ Ramsay, RT AF Rach, JJ Ramsay, RT TI Analytical verification of waterborne chemical treatment regimens in Hatchery raceways SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TREATMENTS; TOXICITY; TANKS; FLOW; FISH; EGGS AB Chemical therapy for control and prevention of fish diseases is a necessary and common practice in aquaculture. Many factors affect the accuracy of a chemical treatment application, such as the functioning of the chemical delivery system, calculation of chemical quantities to be delivered, water temperature, geometry of the culture unit, inlet-outlet structure, the influence of aerators, wind movement, and measurement of water volumes and how rates. Three separate trials were conducted at the Osceola Fish Hatchery, a facility of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, evaluating the accuracy of flow-through hydrogen peroxide treatments applied to 1, 3, or 9 raceways that were connected in series. Raceways were treated with 50 or 75 mu L/L of hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. Chemical concentrations were determined titrimetrically. The target treatment regimen was not realized in any of the applications. Chemical concentrations dropped and exposure times increased with each additional raceway treated in series. Single introduction of a therapeutant to more than three raceways in series is not recommended. Factors that interfered with the accuracy of the treatments were culture unit configuration, aeration, and flow rates. Several treatment modifications were identified that would result in more accurate chemical treatments. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Rach, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0060:AVOWCT>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 351ZM UT WOS:000089190100009 ER PT J AU Cotter, G Frame, M Sepic, R Zolly, L AF Cotter, G Frame, M Sepic, R Zolly, L TI The National Biological Information Infrastructure: coming of age SO ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE information retrieval; Internet; information resources management; science; user studies AB Coordinated by the US Geological Survey, the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a Web-based system that provides increased access to data and information on the nation's biological resources. The NBII can be viewed from a variety of perspectives. This article - an individual case study and not a broad survey with extensive references to the literature - addresses the structure of the NBII related to thematic sections, infrastructure sections and place-based sections, and other topics such as the Integrated Taxonomic Information System tone of our more innovative tools) and the development of our controlled vocabulary. C1 US Geol Survey, NBII, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Cotter, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, NBII, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1468-4527 J9 ONLINE INFORM REV JI Online Inf. Rev. PY 2000 VL 24 IS 6 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1108/14684520010362071 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 386QG UT WOS:000166072600002 ER PT J AU Hostettler, FD Rosenbauer, RJ Kvenvolden, KA AF Hostettler, FD Rosenbauer, RJ Kvenvolden, KA TI PAH refractory index as a source discriminant of hydrocarbon input from crude oil and coal in Prince William Sound, Alaska - Response SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BENTHIC SEDIMENTS; SPILL; BIOMARKERS C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Hostettler, FD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS409, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 9 BP 939 EP 943 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00063-2 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 353UT UT WOS:000089294400014 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Hollmen, T Poppenga, RH Hario, M Kilpi, M AF Franson, JC Hollmen, T Poppenga, RH Hario, M Kilpi, M TI Metals and trace elements in tissues of Common Elders (Somateria mollissima) from the Finnish archipelago SO ORNIS FENNICA LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; SELENIUM; MUSSELS; GROWTH; ALASKA; DUCKS; SEA AB We sampled Common Elders (Somateria mollissima) at five locations near coastal Finland in 1997 and 1998 for evidence of exposure to arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, lead, selenium, and zinc. Livers and kidneys were collected from adult males and females found dead and hunter-killed males, and livers were collected from ducklings. Two adult females, one of which had an ingested lead shot in its gizzard, were poisoned by lead. The concentrations of metals and trace elements that we found in tissues of elders, other than the two lead poisoned birds, were not high enough to have independently caused mortality. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Helsinki, Fac Med Vet, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FIN-00721 Helsinki, Finland. Dept Systemat & Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU FINNISH ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI HELSINKI PA PO BOX 17 P RAUTATIEKATU 13,, FIN-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0030-5685 J9 ORNIS FENNICA JI Ornis Fenn. PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 334TH UT WOS:000088201400002 ER PT J AU Whitlock, C Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Bartlein, PJ Nickmann, RJ AF Whitlock, C Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Bartlein, PJ Nickmann, RJ TI Environmental history and tephrostratigraphy at Carp Lake, southwestern Columbia Basin, Washington, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Palynological Congress CY JUN 23-28, 1996 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS DE quaternary palaeoclimates; last interglacial; Pacific Northwest; quaternary vegetation history ID LATE QUATERNARY VEGETATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; LATE-GLACIAL VEGETATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEPHRA LAYERS; OREGON; SEDIMENTS; AMERICA AB Sediment cores from Carp Lake provide a pollen record of the last ca. 125,000 years that helps disclose vegetational and climatic conditions from the present day to the previous interglaciation (120-133 ka). The core also contained 15 tephra layers, which were characterised by electron-microprobe analysis of volcanic glass shards. Identified tephra include Mount St. Helens Ye, 3.69 ka; Mazama ash bed, 7.54 ka; Mount St, Helens layer C, 35-50 ka; an unnamed Mount St. Helens tephra, 75-150 ka; the tephra equivalent of layer E at Pringle Falls, Oregon, <218 ka; and an andesitic tephra layer similar to that at Tulelake, California, 174 ka, Ten calibrated radiocarbon ages and the ages of Mount St. Helens Ye, Mazama ash, and the unnamed Mount St, Helens tephra were used to develop an age-depth model. This model was refined by also incorporating the age of marine oxygen isotope stage (IS) boundary 4/5 (73.9 ka) and the age of IS-Se (125 ka). The justification for this age-model is based on an analysis of the pollen record and lithologic data. The pollen record is divided into 11 assemblage zones that describe alternations between periods of montane conifer forest, pine forest, and steppe. The previous interglacial period (IS-5e) supported temperate xerothermic forests of pine and oak and a northward and westward expansion of steppe and juniper woodland, compared to their present occurrence. The period from 83 to 117 ka contains intervals of pine forest and parkland alternating with pine-spruce forest, suggesting shifts from cold humid to cool temperate conditions. Between 73 and 83 ka, a forest of oak, hemlock, Douglas-fir, and fir was present that has no modem analogue. It suggests warm wet summers and cool wet winters. Cool humid conditions during the mid-Wisconsin interval supported mixed conifer forest with Douglas-fir and spruce. The glacial interval featured cold dry steppe, with an expansion of spruce in the late-glacial. Xerothermic communities prevailed in the early Holocene, when temperate steppe was widespread and the lake dried intermittently. The middle Holocene was characterised by ponderosa pine forest, and the modern vegetation was established in the last 3900 yr, when ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, fir, and oak were part of the local vegetation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. PollenWorks, Bergenfield, NJ 07850 USA. RP Whitlock, C (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011 OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685 NR 73 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00092-9 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 274VK UT WOS:000084785600002 ER PT J AU Anderson, RS Betancourt, JL Mead, JI Hevly, RH Adam, DP AF Anderson, RS Betancourt, JL Mead, JI Hevly, RH Adam, DP TI Middle- and late-Wisconsin paleobotanic and paleoclimatic records from the southern Colorado Plateau, USA SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Palynological Congress CY JUN 23-28, 1996 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS DE quaternary; paleoecology; Colorado Plateau; pollen; plant macrofossils; packrat middens ID GREAT-SALT-LAKE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; NEW-MEXICO; SIERRA-NEVADA; QUATERNARY VEGETATION; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; ICEBERG DISCHARGES AB The Colorado Plateau is a distinct physiographic province in western North America, which presently straddles the transition between summer-wet and summer-dry climatic regimes to the south and northwest, respectively. In addition to climate, the diversity of environments and plant communities on the Colorado Plateau has resulted from extreme topographic diversity. Desert lowlands as low as 360 m elevation are surrounded by forested plateaus, and even higher peaks greater than 3800 m elevation. This environmental diversity provides a unique opportunity to study the history of biotic communities in an arid region of North America. Although the Colorado Plateau harbours numerous potential sites, the paleoecological record of the Plateau is poorly known. Potential deposits for analysis include packrat middens, alluvial and cave sites at lower elevations, and lake, bog and wetland sites at higher elevations. Forty-six sites have been analysed across the nearly 337,000 km(2) region, of which 27 contain records that span Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (IS) 2 data, with IS 3 information coming from only 12 sites. Most IS 2 and 3 sites are clustered along the lowland regions of the Colorado River corridor and the uplands of the Mogollon Rim area. We compiled selected data from long paleoecological records to examine patterns of vegetation and climate change across the southern Colorado Plateau for the middle and late Wisconsin. During the middle Wisconsin, mixed conifers covered middle-elevations presently dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and juniper (Juniperus) woodland grew at elevations today covered by blackbrush (Coleogyne) and sagebrush (Artemisia) desert. During the late Wisconsin, boreal conifers, primarily Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), replaced the mixed conifer association. Estimates of mean annual temperatures (MAT) during IS 3 were at least 3-4 degrees C cooler than today, whereas IS 2 MAT estimates are at least 5 degrees C colder. Our investigation of millennial-scale climatic variability within the region provided equivocal results. The packrat midden sequence could not distinguish vegetation changes that might be associated with Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. From the lake records, however, many Heinrich events were associated with generally drier intervals, often with elevated sagebrush pollen concentrations. Future paleoecological investigations should concentrate on the northern Colorado Plateau, as well as the eastern and western margins. Additional sites, along with closer-spaced sampling in regions already studied, will be important in determining the history of important climatic phenomena such as the timings of the Arizona monsoon. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Arizona Univ, Ctr environm Sci & Educ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Quaternary Studies Program, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Museum No Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Anderson, RS (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Ctr environm Sci & Educ, Box 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 131 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00093-0 PG 27 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 274VK UT WOS:000084785600003 ER PT S AU Starkey, EE Happe, PJ Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP Lange, KM Karchesy, JJ AF Starkey, EE Happe, PJ Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP Lange, KM Karchesy, JJ BE Gross, GG Hemingway, RW Yoshida, T TI Tannins as nutritional constraints for elk and deer of the coastal Pacific Northwest SO PLANT POLYPHENOLS 2: CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY, ECOLOGY SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Tannin Conference CY JUL 20-25, 1998 CL BEND, OR ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; DRY-MATTER; WESTERN WASHINGTON; DEFENDING PLANTS; PHENOLICS; RUMINANTS; PROTEIN; DIETS; DIGESTION; REDUCTION C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Starkey, EE (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-46218-4 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 2000 VL 66 BP 897 EP 908 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BP98C UT WOS:000086804200051 ER PT J AU Wolfe, SA Griffith, B Wolfe, CAG AF Wolfe, SA Griffith, B Wolfe, CAG TI Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Human Role in Reindeer/Caribou Systems Workshop CY FEB 10-14, 1999 CL ROVANICMI, FINLAND ID BAY OIL-FIELD; RANGIFER-TARANDUS-GRANTI; WOODLAND CARIBOU; PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT; CALVING CARIBOU; ACTIVITY BUDGETS; NORTHERN ALASKA; ARCTIC ALASKA; GRAVEL PADS; MOVEMENTS AB Petroleum and mineral exploration and extraction, hydroelectric development, atmospheric transport of contaminants, timber harvesting and tourism are increasing worldwide, especially in the Arctic. This development may adversely affect populations of reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus) which are the basis of subsistence economics for northern indigenous peoples. Our purpose is to present a survey of the literature that has investigated the response of reindeer/caribou to human activities. Individuals and groups of reindeer/caribou: 1) move away from point sources of disturbance; 2) increase activity and energy expenditure near disturbance; 3) delay crossing or fail to cross linear structures; 4) shift away from areas of extensive and intensive development; and 5) are killed by collisions with vehicles and by hunting along roads. Cows and calves during the calving season are the most easily disturbed group. Bulls in general and all reindeer/caribou during insect harassment are least likely to avoid development areas. Estimation of the proportion of a population that is exposed to disturbance and the implications of this exposure to annual energy budgets, survival and productivity of reindeer/caribou has received little attention. Future advances in understanding the implications of human disturbance to reindeer/ caribou will require cumulative effects assessment at annual, population and regional scales. Although some level of cumulative effect is likely, clear separation of cumulative effects of development from natural variation in caribou habitat use and demography will be difficult. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wolfe, SA (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Irving 1 Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 95 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 43 PU NORWEGIAN POLAR INST PI OSLO PA MIDDELTHUNS GATE 29, POSTBOKS 5072 MAJORSTUA, 0301 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0800-0395 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2000.tb00329.x PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 338QJ UT WOS:000088430500008 ER PT J AU Russell, D Kofinas, G Griffith, B AF Russell, D Kofinas, G Griffith, B TI Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Human Role in Reindeer/Caribou Systems Workshop CY FEB 10-14, 1999 CL ROVANICMI, FINLAND AB The importance of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) to northerners, the increasing pressure to extract non-living resources, and predicted global climate change have led researchers, managers and resource users alike to focus on how to improve our knowledge of this unique northern ungulate. Unprecedented threats to caribou sustainability, along with the increasingly acknowledged value of indigenous hunters' contribution to caribou research, pose the additional challenge to innovate research methods that accommodate differing cultural perspectives and facilitate communication among groups. This paper surveys the state of scientific knowledge of the eleven major northern mainland herds of North America. We recommend an approach to improve our working knowledge of barren-ground caribou in order to assess better future impacts. The transfer of knowledge gained from years of research and indigenous experience on many aspects of caribou ecology should be evaluated and, where applicable, transferred to herds with more modest databases. The establishment of a North American Caribou Monitoring and Assessment System, based on a synthesis of local knowledge and research-based science, is recommended as a tool for improved communication and collective learning. C1 Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5B7, Canada. Dartmouth Coll, Inst Arctic Studies, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Russell, D (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 91782 Alaska Highway, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5B7, Canada. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU NORWEGIAN POLAR INST PI OSLO PA MIDDELTHUNS GATE 29, POSTBOKS 5072 MAJORSTUA, 0301 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0800-0395 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2000.tb00336.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 338QJ UT WOS:000088430500015 ER PT B AU Evans, A AF Evans, A GP SAF SAF TI Stand boundary analysis for GIS SO PORTLAND'99: PIONEERING NEW TRAILS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Society-of-American-Foresters National Convention on Pioneering New Trails CY SEP 11-15, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Soc Amer Foresters DE GIS; spatial analysis; mapping; stands AB Forest managers delineate stands based on perception of differences in forest structure and features such as roads. A geographic information system, GIS, can describe the connection between mapped features and stand edges. A case study at Yale Myers Forest in Connecticut shows how a stand boundary analysis can evaluate stand maps and identify the information most useful for delineation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Mapping Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA PY 2000 BP 340 EP 348 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ79H UT WOS:000089530500052 ER PT B AU Faast, T Simon-Brown, V AF Faast, T Simon-Brown, V GP SAF SAF TI Fair-open-honest public process SO PORTLAND'99: PIONEERING NEW TRAILS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Society-of-American-Foresters National Convention on Pioneering New Trails CY SEP 11-15, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Soc Amer Foresters DE public process; professional ethics; natural resource issues AB Fifty years after Leopold penned those words, the human component of natural resource science is "so new and intricate" that the path of social expediency is, indeed, "not discernible," The authors suggest that a definable ethic is the "mode of guidance" for effectively meeting the social dimension of natural resource decision-making of the future. Expanding the philosophy of Leopold's land ethic, the authors define universal principles of being fair, open and honest that underlie the apparent success or failure of current public/natural resource interactions. Drawing on their extensive public process experience, the authors contend that if natural resource professionals, as a community, embrace the fair open and honest philosophy as the cornerstone of public process, then, Leopold's "mode of guidance" will have been defined for the coming century. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Faast, T (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA PY 2000 BP 379 EP 385 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ79H UT WOS:000089530500058 ER PT B AU Tappeiner, JC Olson, DH Thompson, CR AF Tappeiner, JC Olson, DH Thompson, CR GP SAF SAF TI Density management studies of western Oregon SO PORTLAND'99: PIONEERING NEW TRAILS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Society-of-American-Foresters National Convention on Pioneering New Trails CY SEP 11-15, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Soc Amer Foresters DE density management; northwest forest plan; riparian buffer AB The USDI Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has begun a collaborative long-term research and monitoring effort in western Oregon forests. The Density Management Studies were developed to fill one of the foremost research information needs, the ecology and management of biodiversity in young stands. These studies comprise a set of integrated investigations that are intended to test a key assumption of the federal Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP): that the silvicultural manipulation of early-successional forests will accelerate the development of late-successional forest structure, which may in turn result in functional habitat for species associated with late-successional and old-growth forest conditions. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tappeiner, JC (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA PY 2000 BP 556 EP 557 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ79H UT WOS:000089530500104 ER PT B AU Yang, IC Davidson, GR Scofield, KM AF Yang, IC Davidson, GR Scofield, KM BE Stevenson, NR TI Carbon-14 activity of pore water obtained by vacuum-distillation and one-dimensional compression methods on Yucca Mountain cores SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ISOTOPES: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Isotopes (3ICI) CY SEP 06-10, 1999 CL TRIUMF, VANCOUVER, CANADA SP MDS Nordion Inc, Atom Energy Corp S Africa, Inst Natl Radioelements, Informat Sci & Technol Agcy British Colombia, Trace Sci Int, Chemgas, Reviss Serv (UK) Ltd, Isoflex, TRIUMF, Int Isotope Soc, Canadian Chapter HO TRIUMF AB The vacuum-distillation method is a valuable tool for obtaining pore-water carbon-14 data from rock cores where moisture contents are too small (less than 6 percent) to be obtained by the one-dimensional compression methods. Dissolved inorganic carbon was extracted directly from the pore water of Yucca Mountain rock cores by vacuum distillation. These data were compared to carbon-14 values from pore water extracted indirectly by one-dimensional compression. The carbon-14 activities of pore-water samples collected from the same rock core by both methods differed by 6.8 percent modern carbon. The carbon-14 activities of samples collected by the vacuum distillation and one-dimensional compression from cores separated by 1.7 to 6.3 meters ranged from 8.7 to 24.8 percent modem carbon, and the delta carbon-13 values ranged from 0.5 to 5.1 per mil (relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite reference standard). The carbon-14 activities of samples collected from nearby core, separated by 8 meters, using the one-dimensional compression method alone differed by 10.7 percent modem carbon and the delta carbon-13 values differed by 2.4 per mil. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Yang, IC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-421, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4200-X PY 2000 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BR60P UT WOS:000166934500055 ER PT B AU Mazik, PM Simco, BA Parker, NC AF Mazik, PM Simco, BA Parker, NC GP EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA TI Influence of sodium and calcium chloride on the stress response and survival of striped bass during and after transport from a hard and soft water hatchery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2000 CL BATON ROUGE, LA SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID COHO SALMON; SALINITY; CORTISOL AB Survival and the stress response of striped bass Morone saxatilis during transport and for a 1-month recovery period after transport were evaluated in 2 studies. In the first study, fish from Carbon Hill National Fish Hatchery (CHNFH), a hard water hatchery (total hardness, 100 mg/liter as calcium carbonate), were transported and recovered for 1 month at the Southeastern Fish Cultural Laboratory (SFCL), a hard water facility (total hardness, 108 mg/liter as calicum carbonate). In the second study, Fish from Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (WSNFH), a soft water hatchery (total hardness, 26 mg/liter as calicum carbonate), were transported and recovered for 1 month at the Southeastern Fish Cultural Laboratory (SFCL), a hard water facility (total hardness, 108 mg/liter as calicum carbonate). For each study, striped bass were transported and allowed to recover in 1 of 6 salt concentrations: 1.0% sodium chloride; 1.0%, 0.5%, or 0.1% calcium chloride; 0.5% sodium chloride + 0.5% calcium chloride; and fresh water. Results in both studies were similar. The addition of 1.0% sodium chloride to the hauling and recovery waters significantly increased survival and reduced stress compared to the other treatments. Percent survival of striped bass was inversely proportional to calicum chloride levels in the hauling and recovery medium. The addition of 0.5% sodium chloride + 0.5% calcium chloride increased survival and decreased the stress response compared to fish hauled and recovered in only 0.5% calcium chloride. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mazik, PM (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2000 BP 118 EP 127 PG 10 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BU26T UT WOS:000175525900013 ER PT B AU Rice, KG Percival, HF Woodward, AR AF Rice, KG Percival, HF Woodward, AR GP EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA TI Estimating sighting proportions of American alligator nests during helicopter survey SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2000 CL BATON ROUGE, LA SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID FLORIDA AB Proportions of American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) nests sighted during aerial survey in Florida were estimated based upon multiple surveys by different observers. We compared sighting proportions across habitats, nesting seasons, and observer experience levels. The mean sighting proportion across all habitats and years was 0.736 (SE = 0.024). Survey counts corrected by the mean sighting proportion reliably predicted total nest counts (R-2 = 0.933). Sighting proportions did not differ by habitat type (P = 0.668) or year P = 0.328). Experienced observers detected a greater proportion of nests (P < 0.0001) than did either less experienced or inexperienced observers. Reliable estimates of nest abundance can be derived from aerial counts of alligator nests when corrected by the appropriate sighting proportion. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2000 BP 314 EP 321 PG 8 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BU26T UT WOS:000175525900033 ER PT B AU Giordano, MR Pace, RM AF Giordano, MR Pace, RM GP EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA TI Morphometrics and movement patterns of coyote-like canids in a Southwest Louisiana marsh complex SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2000 CL BATON ROUGE, LA SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID HABITAT USE; HOME RANGE AB We examined relative body size and space use patterns of free-ranging coyote (Canis latrans)-like canids occupying a marsh complex known to have been one of the last refuges of red wolves (Canis rufus). Morphometric analysis indicated that these animals were larger than other Louisiana coyotes, but smaller than red wolves. We radio-tagged 25 (13 male and 12 female) animals during January-August 1996 and January-April 1997 at Sabine National,wildlife Refuge, Cameron Parish, Louisiana. Based on 10 individuals (4 males and 6 females) for which we had adequate data, annual MCP (100% Minimum Convex Polygon) home ranges averaged 12.99 +/- 2.97 km(2) ((x) over bar +/- 1 SE) and did not differ by sex (P=0.85). Five other radio-tagged animals dispersed from die study area, but stayed within marsh-dominated areas. Canids included human activity zones in their home ranges more often than expected (P=0.01). Levees were preferred as travel paths (P=0.04). We found no evidence that canids avoided human activity zones (P=0.055) or a seismic work area (P=1.0). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Giordano, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 111, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2000 BP 424 EP 435 PG 12 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BU26T UT WOS:000175525900046 ER PT B AU Parkhurst, DL Thorstenson, DC Kipp, KL AF Parkhurst, DL Thorstenson, DC Kipp, KL BE Wang, YX TI Calculating carbon-isotope compositions in an unsaturated zone with seasonally varying CO2 production SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HYDROGEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hydrogeology and the Environment (HE 2000) CY OCT 17-21, 2000 CL WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci AB A one-dimensional numerical model was developed that simulates a diffusive gas phase in equilibrium with a stagnant water phase in the unsaturated zone. The numerical model, which allows time-varying production of CO2 and treats carbon isotopes as separate chemical components that diffuse and react independently, reproduces the delta C-13 and gas partial pressures of a steady-state analytical solution for constant production of CO2 in a soil zone. Using the average rate of production and physical parameters of the steady-state analytical model, but allowing the source of CO2 to vary seasonally, the numerical model shows large fluctuations in delta C-13 and the partial pressures of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 to depths of about 25 m. Inclusion of water with 1 mmol/L HCO3- and water-filled porosity of 0.048 results in similar variations in partial pressures of (CO2)-C-12 and (CO2)-C-13 relative to a system with identical gas-filled porosity (0.192) and no water. However, the variations of delta C-13,, much diminished in the system with water and are small below a depth of about 15 m. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Parkhurst, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 8 BEIGANGZIJIE, CHONGWENMEN, BEIJING 100062, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80163-019-X PY 2000 BP 220 EP 224 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BS19H UT WOS:000169016400046 ER PT B AU Evans, A AF Evans, A GP SAF SAF TI Stand boundary analysis for GIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS 1999 NATIONAL CONVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY SEP 11-15, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Soc Amer Foresters DE GIS; spatial analysis; mapping; stands AB Forest managers delineate stands based on perception of differences in forest structure and features such as roads. A geographic information system, GIS, can describe the connection between mapped features and stand edges. A case study at Yale Myers Forest in Connecticut shows how a stand boundary analysis can evaluate stand maps and identify the information most useful for delineation. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Mapping Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Evans, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Mapping Div, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-81-3 PY 2000 BP 340 EP 348 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BS21Y UT WOS:000169105400052 ER PT B AU Faast, T Simon-Brown, V AF Faast, T Simon-Brown, V GP SAF SAF TI Fair-open-honest public process SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS 1999 NATIONAL CONVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY SEP 11-15, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Soc Amer Foresters DE Public process; professional ethics; natural resource issues AB An ethic may be regarded as a mode of guidance for meeting ecological situations so new or intricate... that the path of social expediency is not discernible to the average individual. ...Ethics are a kind of community instinct in the making. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Faast, T (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Portland, OR USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-81-3 PY 2000 BP 379 EP 385 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BS21Y UT WOS:000169105400058 ER PT B AU Tappeiner, JC Olson, SH Thompson, CR AF Tappeiner, JC Olson, SH Thompson, CR GP SAF SAF TI Density management studies of Western Oregon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS 1999 NATIONAL CONVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Convention of the Society-of-American-Foresters CY SEP 11-15, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Soc Amer Foresters DE density management; northwest forest plan; riparian buffer C1 USGS Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tappeiner, JC (reprint author), USGS Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI WASHINGTON PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 0-939970-81-3 PY 2000 BP 556 EP 557 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BS21Y UT WOS:000169105400104 ER PT B AU Weaver, KM AF Weaver, KM GP USDA USDA USDA USDA TI Black bear ecology and the use of prescribed fire to enhance bear habitat SO PROCEEDINGS: WORKSHOP ON FIRE, PEOPLE, AND THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD LANDSCAPE SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Fire, People, and the Central Hardwoods Landscape CY MAR 12-14, 2000 CL RICHMOND, KY SP Eastern Kentucky Univ Div Nat Area, Univ Kentucky, Dept Forest, Univ Tennessee, Dept Forest, Wildlife & Fisheries, USDA Forest Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Daniel Boone Natl Forest, USDA Forest Serv, Ne Res Stat, USDA Forest Serv, Reg 8, USDA Forest Serv, Reg 9, USDI Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA Fish & Natl Pk Serv,Great Smoky Mt, Kentucky Div Forest, Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resource, Kentucky State Nat Preserve Commiss, Forest Landowners Assoc, Kentucky Forest Indust Assoc, Nat Conservancy, Kentucky Woodland Owners Assoc ID STANDS; ROADS AB The black bear (Ursus americanus) is a species of interest for wildlife and forest managers, landowners, hunters, and the public. Because of their overall adaptability to changing habitat conditions, wide-ranging nature, and omnivorous habits, black bears are readily accommodated in a forest management program. A well-managed forest that provides adequate opportunities for movements, foraging, denning, and cover has better potential to satisfy the needs of bears than an unmanaged forest. Food supplies should be abundant, stable, and diverse. Habitats that harbor natural dens should be conserved, known den sites should be protected, and creation of potential den habitat and den sites should be considered in forest habitat treatments. In addition, natural escape cover should be maintained, and opportunities should be undertaken to create or enhance cover for bedding, escape, and dispersal. Although bear habitat management has traditionally been associated with timber management, the use of prescribed fire holds promise as an effective tool for enhancement of black bear habitat in the central hardwood landscape. In this paper, various aspects of black bear habitat ecology are reviewed, and the use of prescribed fire alone or in conjunction with other silvicultural techniques to maintain, enhance, and restore habitat conditions for black bears is explored. Evaluation of prescribed fire behavior and activity, habitat responses to fire under various conditions, and associated implications for bears could be useful in developing "best fire management practices" in bear habitat. Prescribed fire should be used in an adaptive management approach. This entails not only the application of fire, but also the diligent monitoring of habitat and wildlife responses, and fine-tuning future actions. Topics of investigation concerning bears and fire are listed. Public education programs conveying the ecological effects and benefits of prescribed fire for habitat, wildlife, and humans, and the development of public/private partnerships for habitat management are recommended. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nulhegan Basin Div, Island Pond, VT 05846 USA. RP Weaver, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nulhegan Basin Div, Silvio O Conte NFWR,POB 427, Island Pond, VT 05846 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2000 VL 274 BP 89 EP 96 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BR53T UT WOS:000166733200012 ER PT J AU Dean, WE Schwalb, A AF Dean, WE Schwalb, A TI Holocene environmental and climatic change in the Northern Great Plains recorded in the geochemistry of sediments in Pickerel Lake, South Dakota SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS; WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE HOLOCENE; EOLIAN ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; DEVILS LAKE; COLD EVENT; MOON LAKE; CARBON AB The sediments in Pickerel Lake, northeastern South Dakota, provide a continuous record of climatic and environmental change for the last 12000 yr. Sediments deposited between 12 and 6 ka (radiocarbon) show extreme variations in composition, oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of bulk carbonate, carbon isotopic composition of organic matter, and magnetic susceptibility. These variations reflect changes in sources of moisture, regional vegetation types, precipitation-evaporation balance, ground- and surface-water influx, water residence time, erosion, lake productivity, water level, and water temperature. The total carbonate content of late Pleistocene sediments steadily increased from <20% at the base of the core to as much as 80% in sediments deposited between 11 and 9 ka. By about 8 ka, the total carbonate content of the sediments had declined to about 40% where it remained with little variation for the past 8 kyr, suggesting relatively stable conditions. There are marked increases in values of delta(13)C and delta(18)O in bulk carbonate, and delta(13)C of organic matter, in sediments deposited between 10 and 6 ka as evaporation increased, and the vegetation in the watershed changed from forest to prairie. This shift toward more O-18-enriched carbonate may also reflect a change in source or seasonality of precipitation. During this early Holocene interval the organic carbon (OC) content of the sediments remained relatively low (2-3%), but then increased rapidly to 4.5% between 7 and 6 ka, reflecting the rapid transition to a prairie lake. The OC content fluctuates slightly between 4 and 6% in sediments deposited over the past 6 kyr. Like OC and total carbonate. most variables measured show little variation in the 13 m of sediment deposited over the past 6 kyr, particularly when compared with early Holocene variations. Although the magnetic susceptibility of this upper 13 m of sediment is generally low (<10 SI units), the upper six meters of the section is marked by striking 1 m cycles (ca. 400-500 yr periodicity) in susceptibility. These cycles are interpreted as being due to variations in the influx of eolian detrital-clastic material Century-scale cyclic variations in different proxy variables for aridity and eolian activity from sediments deposited over the past 2000 yr in other lakes in the northern Great Plains, as well as in sand dune activity, suggest that aridity cycles were the dominant feature of late Holocene climate of the northern Great Plains. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Projektbereich 3 3, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Dean, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 980 Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 86 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2000 VL 67 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00004-5 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 330FC UT WOS:000087951300002 ER PT J AU Wolfe, SA Muhs, DR David, PP McGeehin, JP AF Wolfe, SA Muhs, DR David, PP McGeehin, JP TI Chronology and geochemistry of late Holocene eolian deposits in the Brandon Sand Hills: Manitoba, Canada SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; AGE CALIBRATION; SOIL FORMATION; USA; LAKE; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION AB Accelerator mass spectrometry and conventional radiocarbon age determinations of organic matter from paleosols indicate that the Brandon Sand Hills area of southern Manitoba has been subjected to recurrent intervals of eolian activity in the past 5000 years. Although precise regional correlations are precluded by dating uncertainties, periods of most notable paleosol development occurred. around 2300 to 2000, 1400 to 1000, and 600 to 500 cal yr BP with eolian activity occurring before and after each of these periods. Episodes of eolian activity may correspond to periods of regional drought, whereas paleosols mark periods of increased moisture availability and stabilization by vegetation. The geochemistry of the eolian sands, paleosols and source sediments indicates that partial leaching of carbonates occurs from pedogenesis during humid climatic phases, and that this is probably the primary mechanism of carbonate depletion of eolian sands in this area. Recent trends in sand dune activity from historic aerial photography and early explorers' accounts indicate that the few active dunes that presently exist have stabilized at a rate of 10-20% per decade, despite several severe droughts in the 20th century. This may be attributed to pre-settlement droughts that were more severe than those in historic times although regional dune stabilization may also be related, in part, to the spread of forest cover in the past few hundred years. Crown copyright (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Geol Survey Canada, Terrain Sci Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Wolfe, SA (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, Terrain Sci Div, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. NR 57 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2000 VL 67 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00009-4 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 330FC UT WOS:000087951300007 ER PT J AU Arbogast, AF Muhs, DR AF Arbogast, AF Muhs, DR TI Geochemical and mineralogical evidence from eolian sediments for northwesterly mid-Holocene paleowinds, central Kansas, USA SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID NEBRASKA SAND HILLS; HIGH-PLAINS; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; DEPOSITION; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; MEXICO; DUNES AB A prominent (4500 km(2)) dune field in the Great Plains is the Great Bend Sand Prairie of south-central Kansas. Dunes here overlie late Quaternary alluvium and were reactivated extensively in the late Holocene. Geomorphic and soil evidence suggests that the most likely eolian sand source is the Arkansas River valley to the northwest. Nevertheless, orientations of stabilized dunes indicate that the most recent dune-forming winds came from the south or southwest, in agreement with modern wind data. Mineralogy and trace element concentrations in eolian sands of the Great Bend Sand Prairie are similar to those of the Arkansas River, which permits the Arkansas River as a sediment source. Ca and Sr abundances, which reflect small amounts of carbonate minerals, are higher in Arkansas River sand compared to eolian sands and show a systematic depletion away from the Arkansas River to the southeast. These trends are likely due to carbonate mineral depletion downwind from abrasion and size reduction. Thus, paleowinds probably were northwesterly during initial deposition. Northwesterly winds occur today when dry, Pacific-derived air is dominant. We hypothesize that the residence time of this air mass was much greater while dunes initially formed, possibly during a warmer and drier mid-Holocene period. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Arbogast, AF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 315 Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2000 VL 67 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00012-4 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 330FC UT WOS:000087951300010 ER PT J AU Lucchitta, I Curtis, GH Davis, ME Davis, SW Turrin, B AF Lucchitta, I Curtis, GH Davis, ME Davis, SW Turrin, B TI Cyclic aggradation and downcutting, fluvial response to volcanic activity, and calibration of soil-carbonate stages in the western Grand Canyon, Arizona SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volcanism; soil carbonates; Arizona; Grand Canyon; cyclic stream response ID LAVA AB In the western Grand Canyon, fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces, both associated with a Pleistocene basalt flow, document Quaternary aggradation and downcutting by the Colorado River, illuminate the river's response to overload and the end of overload, and allow calibration of soil-carbonate stages and determination of downcutting rates. Four downcutting-aggradation cycles are present. Each begins with erosion of older deposits to form a new river channel in which a characteristic suite of deposits is laid dean. The current cycle (I) started similar to 700 yr B.P. The oldest (IV) includes the 603,000 +/- 8000 to 524,000 +/- 7000 yr Black Ledge basalt how, emplaced when the river channel was similar to 30 m higher than it is now. The flow is overlain by basalt-cobble gravel and basalt sand. Soils reach the stage V level of carbonate development. Calibrated ages for soil stages are Stage V, similar to 525,000 yr; stage IV, <525,000 yr, greater than or equal to 250,000 yr; stage III, <250,000 yr, greater than or equal to 100,000 yr. The monolithologic basalt sand beds represent overloading by volcanic ash produced by an eruption 30-50 km upstream. The basalt-cobble beds signal breaching and rapid destruction of lava dams and erosion of flows. These deposits show that the Colorado River responds to overload by aggrading vigorously during the overload and then downcutting equally vigorously when the overload ends. The overall downcutting rate for the interval studied is 1.6 cm/1000 yr, much lower than rates upstream. The current downcutting rate, 11-14 m/1000 yr, likely is a response both to the end of late Pleistocene and early Holocene overload and to the reduction of sediment supply caused by Glen Canyon Dam. (C) 2000 University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. LDEO, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Lucchitta, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 22255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1006/qres.1999.2098 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 282TF UT WOS:000085234200003 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Bettis, EA AF Muhs, DR Bettis, EA TI Geochemical variations in Peoria Loess of western Iowa indicate paleowinds of midcontinental North America during last glaciation SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE loess; Iowa; North American midcontinent; last glacial maximum; paleowinds; climate models ID PAST 21,000 YEARS; WISCONSINAN LOESS; RADIOCARBON AGES; LATE PLEISTOCENE; VALLEY; SIMULATIONS; ILLINOIS; NEBRASKA; CLIMATE; STRATIGRAPHY AB Peoria Loess deposited in western Iowa during the last glacial maximum (LGM) shows distinct geochemical and particle-size variations as a function of both depth and distance east of the Missouri River. Geochemical and particle-size data indicate that Peoria Loess in western Iowa probably had two sources: the Missouri River valley, and a source that lay to the west of the Missouri River. Both sources indicate that LGM paleowinds in western Iowa had a strong westerly component, similar to interpretations of previous workers, A compilation of loess studies in Iowa and elsewhere indicates that westerly winds were dominant during loess transport over much of the midcontinent south of the Laurentide ice sheet, which is not in agreement with paleowinds simulated by atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). AGCMs consistently generate a glacial anticyclone with easterly or northeasterly winds over the Laurentide ice sheet and the area to the south of it. Loess deposition in the midcontinent during the LGM may be a function of infrequent northwesterly winds that were unrelated to the presence of the glacial anticyclone. (C) 2000 University of Washington. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 59 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1006/qres.1999.2090 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 282TF UT WOS:000085234200005 ER PT J AU Markgraf, V Baumgartner, TR Bradbury, JP Diaz, HF Dunbar, RB Luckman, BH Seltzer, GO Swetnam, TW Villalba, R AF Markgraf, V Baumgartner, TR Bradbury, JP Diaz, HF Dunbar, RB Luckman, BH Seltzer, GO Swetnam, TW Villalba, R TI Paleoclimate reconstruction along the Pole-Equator-Pole transect of the Americas (PEP 1) SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st PAGES Open Science Meeting CY APR 19-23, 1998 CL UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO UNIV LONDON ID MILLENNIAL TIME SCALES; SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; SIERRA-NEVADA; GLACIAL SEQUENCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; 20TH CENTURIES; SOUTH-AMERICA; YR BP; LAST; VARIABILITY AB Examples are presented of inter-hemispheric comparison of instrumental climate and paleoclimate proxy records from the Americas for different temporal scales. Despite a certain symmetry of seasonal precipitation patterns along the PEP 1 transect, decadal variability of winter precipitation shows different characteristics in terms of amplitude and frequency in both the last 100 and last 1000 years. Such differences in variability are also seen in a comparison of time series of different El Nino/Southern Oscillation proxy records from North and South America, however, these differences do not appear to affect the spatial correlation with Pacific sea surface temperature patterns. Local and regional differences in response to climate change are even more pronounced for records with lower temporal resolution, and inter-hemispheric synchroneity may or may not be indicative of the same forcing. This aspect is illustrated in an inter-hemispheric comparison of the last 1000 years of glacier variability, and of the full- and lateglacial lake level history. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NOAA, Climat Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. IANIGLA CRICYT, Tree Ring Lab, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. RP Markgraf, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1-5 BP 125 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00058-X PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 268PV UT WOS:000084425500010 ER PT J AU Rubin, M AF Rubin, M TI A tribute to Renee Kra: Radiocarbon managing editor for 30 years SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP XIII EP XIII PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 322TM UT WOS:000087524900011 ER PT J AU Waite, TD Davis, JA Fenton, BR Payne, TE AF Waite, TD Davis, JA Fenton, BR Payne, TE TI Approaches to modelling uranium(VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Chemistry and Migration Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in the Geosphere (MIGRATION 99) CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 1999 CL LAKE TAHOE, CA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab DE adsorption; modelling; uranium(VI); natural substrates; surface complexation; partition coefficients ID COMPLEXATION AB Component additivity (CA) and generalised composite (GC) approaches to deriving a suitable surface complexation model for description of U(VI) adsorption to natural mineral assemblages are pursued in this paper with good success. A single, ferrihydrite-like component is found to reasonably describe uranyl uptake to a number of kaolinitic iron-rich natural substrates at pH > 4 in the CA approach with previously published information on nature of surface complexes, acid-base properties of surface sites and electrostatic effects used in the model. The GC approach, in which little pre-knowledge about generic surface sites is assumed, gives even better fits and would appear to be a method of particular strength for application in areas such as performance assessment provided the model is developed in a careful, stepwise manner with simplicity and goodness of fit as the major criteria for acceptance. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Environm Div, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Waite, TD (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM d.waite@unsw.edu.au RI Payne, Timothy/F-2545-2010; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008 OI Payne, Timothy/0000-0002-3502-7567; Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233 NR 14 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 15 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9-11 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 390CJ UT WOS:000166276300031 ER PT J AU Elliott, JG Hammack, LA AF Elliott, JG Hammack, LA TI Entrainment of riparian gravel and cobbles in an alluvial reach of a regulated Canyon river SO REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Black Canyon of the Gunnison River; critical shear stress; sediment entrainment ID FLOW COMPETENCE; BED-LOAD; SEDIMENT; TRANSPORT; STREAMS AB Many canyon rivers have channels and riparian zones composed of alluvial materials and these reaches, dominated by fluvial processes, are sensitive to alterations in streamflow regime. Prior to reservoir construction in the mid-1960s, banks and bars in alluvial reaches of the Gunnison River in the Black Canyon National Monument, Colorado, USA, periodically were reworked and cleared of riparian vegetation by mainstem floods. Recent interest in maintaining near-natural conditions in the Black Canyon using reservoir releases has created a need to estimate sediment-entraining discharges for a variety of geomorphic surfaces composed of sediment ranging in size from gravel to small boulders. Sediment entrainment potential was studied at eight cross-sections in an alluvial reach of the Gunnison River in the Black Canyon in 1994 and 1995. A one-dimensional water-surface profile model was used to estimate water-surface elevations, flow depths, and hydraulic conditions on selected alluvial surfaces for discharges ranging from 57 to 570 m(3)/s. Onsite observations before and after a flood of 270 m(3)/s confirmed sediment entrainment on several surfaces inundated by the flood. Selective entrainment of all but the largest particle sizes on the surface occurred at some locations. Physical evidence of sediment entrainment, or absence of sediment entrainment, on inundated surfaces generally was consistent with critical shear stresses estimated with a dimensionless critical shear stress of 0.030. Sediment-entrainment potential over a range of discharges was summarized by the ratio of the local boundary shear stress to the critical shear stress for d(50), given hydraulic geometry and sediment-size characteristics. Differing entrainment potential for similar geomorphic surfaces indicates that estimation of minimum streamflow requirements based on sediment mobility is site-specific and that there is no unique streamflow that will initiate movement of d(50) at every geomorphically similar location in the Black Canyon. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Elliott, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, Box 25046,MS 415 DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0886-9375 J9 REGUL RIVER JI Regul. Rivers-Res. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(200001/02)16:1<37::AID-RRR564>3.0.CO;2-V PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 300UP UT WOS:000086271500003 ER PT S AU Schneider, DJ Dean, KG Dehn, J Miller, TP Kirianov, VY AF Schneider, DJ Dean, KG Dehn, J Miller, TP Kirianov, VY BE MouginisMark, PJ Crisp, JA Fink, JH TI Monitoring and analyses of volcanic activity using remote sensing data at the Alaska Volcano Observatory: Case study for Kamchatka, Russia, December 1997 SO REMOTE SENSING OF ACTIVE VOLCANISM SE GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID OZONE MAPPING SPECTROMETER; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ERUPTION CLOUD; ASH CLOUDS; AVHRR; MODEL; TOMS AB There are about 100 potentially active volcanoes in the North Pacific Ocean region that includes Alaska, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Kurile Islands, but fewer than 25% are monitored seismically. The region averages about five volcanic eruptions per year, and more than 20,000 passengers and millions of dollars of cargo fly the air routes in this region each day. One of the primary public safety objectives of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is to mitigate the hazard posed by volcanic ash clouds drifting into these busy air traffic routes. The AVO uses real-time remote sensing data (AVHRR, GOES, and GMS) in conjunction with other methods (primarily seismic) to monitor and analyze volcanic activity in the region. Remote sensing data can be used to detect volcanic thermal anomalies and to provide unique information on the location, movement, and composition of volcanic eruption clouds. Satellite images are routinely analyzed twice each day at AVO and many times per day during crisis situations. As part of its formal working relationship with the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), the AVO provides satellite observations of volcanic activity in Kamchatka and distributes notices of volcanic eruptions from KVERT to non-Russian users in the international aviation community. This paper outlines the current remote sensing capabilities and operations of the AVO and describes the responsibilities and procedures of federal agencies and international aviation organizations for volcanic eruptions in the North Pacific region. A case study of the December 4, 1997, eruption of Bezymianny volcano, Russia, is used to illustrate how real-time remote sensing and hazard communication are used to mitigate the threat of volcanic ash to aircraft. C1 Raytheon Corp, Alaska Volcano Obser, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Schneider, DJ (reprint author), Raytheon Corp, Alaska Volcano Obser, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 0-87590-099-2 J9 GEOPH MONOG SERIES PY 2000 VL 116 BP 65 EP 85 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA BS62N UT WOS:000170596800005 ER PT J AU Jennings, CA Zigler, SJ AF Jennings, CA Zigler, SJ TI Ecology and biology of paddlefish in North America: historical perspectives, management approaches, and research priorities SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review ID POLYODON-SPATHULA; HABITAT USE; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ALABAMA RIVER; OHIO RIVER; ADULT AB Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Polyodontidae) are large, mostly-riverine fish that once were abundant in medium- to large-sized river systems throughout much of the central United States. Concern for paddlefish populations has grown from a regional fisheries issue to one of national importance for the United States. In 1989, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) was petitioned to list paddlefish as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The petition was not granted, primarily because of a lack of empirical data on paddlefish population size, age structure, growth, or harvest rates across the present 22-state range. Nonetheless, concern for paddlefish populations prompted the USFWS to recommend that paddlefish be protected through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). The addition of paddlefish to Appendix II of CITES, which was approved in March 1992, provides a mechanism to curtail illegal trade in paddlefish and their parts and supports a variety of conservation plans. Paddlefish populations have been negatively affected by overharvest, river modifications, and pollution, but the paddlefish still occupies much of its historic range and most extant populations seem to be stable. Although many facets of paddlefish biology and ecology are well understood, the lack of information on larval and juvenile ecology, mechanisms that determine recruitment, population size and vital rates, interjurisdictional movements, and the effects of anthropogenic activities present significant obstacles for managing paddlefish populations. Questions about the size and structure of local populations, and how such populations are affected by navigation traffic, dams, and pollution are regarded as medium priority areas for future research. The availability of suitable spawning habitat and overall reproductive success in impounded rivers are unknown and represent critical areas for future research. Research on reproductive and recruitment success in impounded rivers have significant implications for managing paddlefish, as rivers are modified further for human use. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Zigler, Steven/0000-0002-4153-0652 NR 103 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1023/A:1016633604301 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 421HK UT WOS:000168058800002 ER PT J AU Epifanio, J Nielsen, J AF Epifanio, J Nielsen, J TI The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review ID BROWN TROUT HYBRIDS; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION; NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHRYSOCEPHALUS TELEOSTEI; NOTROPIS-CORNUTUS; CLARKI-CLARKI; RAINBOW-TROUT C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Amer Fisheries Soc, Genet Sect, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Amer Fisheries Soc, USGS BRD, Alaska Sci Ctr, Genet Sect, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Epifanio, J (reprint author), Amer Fisheries Soc, USGS BRD, Alaska Sci Ctr, Genet Sect, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1023/A:1016729132297 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 450LD UT WOS:000169743600001 ER PT B AU Vroblesky, DA Campbell, TR AF Vroblesky, DA Campbell, TR BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Kelley, ME Nehring, KW TI Simple, inexpensive diffusion samplers for monitoring VOCs in ground water SO RISK, REGULATORY, AND MONITORING CONSIDERATIONS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis ID FRACTURED-ROCK AQUIFER AB Laboratory tests show that polyethylene diffusion samplers can be an inexpensive methodology for examining volatile organic compounds in ground water. Tests showed that polyethylene diffusion samplers equilibrated to a variety of volatile organic compounds within 48 hours for water-filled diffusion samplers. Under field conditions, however, a longer equilibration time may be required to account for environmental disturbances caused by sampler deployment. Previous investigations of borehole dilution tests imply that an equilibrium period for both vapor- and water-filled diffusion samplers of approximately 2 weeks probably is adequate for most investigations in sandy formations. Longer times may be required for diffusion-sampler equilibration in poorly permeable sediment. The aqueous concentrations of several volatile organic compounds obtained from within water-filled diffusion samplers closely matched concentrations in ambient water outside the samplers. An exception was methyl-tert-butyl ether, which was detectable, but not reliably quantifiable using the diffusion samplers. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. RP Vroblesky, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-095-0 PY 2000 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65P UT WOS:000167101600045 ER PT S AU Horowitz, AJ AF Horowitz, AJ BE Stone, M TI NASQAN*: the design and implementation of a large-river suspended sediment and trace element flux programme SO ROLE OF EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN NUTRIENT AND CONTAMINANT TRANSFER, PROCEEDINGS SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Role of Erosion and Sediment Transport in Nutrient and Contaminant Transfer CY JUL, 2000 CL WATERLOO, CANADA SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros ID LOADS AB In 1996 the US Geological Survey (USGS) began a national flux-based water quality monitoring programme in the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande basins. Suspended sediment flux estimates for periods greater than a year are generally accurate within +/- 15%. Discharge and suspended sediment concentrations varied much more than chemical levels. Most trace element concentrations are not elevated except Zn and Hg in the Ohio River, and Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Ba, Mo, Sb, Hg, and Fe in the upper Columbia River, which is impacted by mining waste, The majority (greater than or equal to 70%) of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Ba, P, As, Fe, Mn, and Al are transported by suspended sediment; Sr transported seems dominated by the dissolved phase, whereas the transport of Li and TOC seem to be divided equally between both phases. C1 US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Horowitz, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-26-0 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 263 BP 3 EP 18 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Water Resources GA BS15B UT WOS:000168851100001 ER PT J AU Groat, CG AF Groat, CG TI US Geological Survey: Facing the new century SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Groat, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 280CP UT WOS:000085084900015 ER PT B AU Leavesley, GH Markstrom, SL Viger, RJ AF Leavesley, GH Markstrom, SL Viger, RJ GP AMS AMS TI The Modular Modeling System (MMS) - The physical process modeling component of a database-centered decision support system for water and ecosystem management SO SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Leavesley, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, DFC, Box 25046,MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS13K UT WOS:000168779300018 ER PT B AU Belnap, J Reynolds, R Reheis, M Phillips, SL AF Belnap, J Reynolds, R Reheis, M Phillips, SL GP USDA USDA TI What makes the desert bloom? Contribution of dust and crusts to soil fertility on the Colorado plateau SO SHRUBLAND ECOSYSTEM GENETICS AND BIODIVERSITY: PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Wildland Shrub Symposium CY JUN 13-15, 2000 CL BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT HO BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV ID NAVAJO NATIONAL MONUMENT; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; WIND EROSION; NEGEV DESERT; SURFACE DISTURBANCES; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; PINYON-JUNIPER AB Eolian dust (windblown silt and clay) and biological soil crusts are both important to ecosystem functioning of arid lands. Dust furnishes essential nutrients, influences hydrology, contributes to soil formation, and renders surfaces vulnerable to erosion. Biological soil crusts contribute directly to soil fertility by fixing carbon and nitrogen, and indirectly by trapping newly-deposited dust and stabilizing already-present soil. Results from crust-stabilized, unconsolidated sandy sediments on prominent rock exposures and grasslands show dust inputs have significantly increased all bio-essential nutrients in soils of SE Utah, including P, K, Mg, Na, and Ca. As plants can be P and K-limited in these soils, dust may be essential for plant growth. Evidence for eolian dust comes from magnetic, chemical, and mineralogic properties of the soils that contrast greatly with those of local bedrock. For example, magnetite, which formed originally in igneous rocks, is common in soils but absent in the local sedimentary bedrock. In view of the regional geology, particle-size distribution of soils, and patterns of properties, the magnetite represents long-distance transport of eolian dust. Dust in the biological soil crusts, when compared to underlying sediment, shows higher magnetite, Zr, and Zr/Ti, suggesting that dust sources have changed over the past few decades. It is suggested that recent human disturbance in areas surrounding the Colorado Plateau may be responsible for this change in dust source. Because most of the fertility in these soils is due to dust input, it is of concern to land managers when soil loss via wind and water erosion exceeds this input. Ever-increasing use of these desert landscapes by recreation, military and agricultural activities generally destroys the biological soil crusts that are critical for nitrogen, carbon, and soil stability. Thus, increased erosion, and reduced dust retention, may be a result of these activities. C1 US Geol Serv, Biol Res Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Serv, Biol Res Div, 2290 Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 IS 21 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU32J UT WOS:000175696900017 ER PT S AU Mah, GR AF Mah, GR BE ElGenk, MS TI Follow-ons to the KidSAT/EarthKAM student remote sensing program SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) CY JAN 30-FEB 03, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Boeing Co, Lockheed Martin Corp, NASA, US DOE, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Almos Natl Lab, Amer Astronaut Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Div Heat Transfer & Energy Convers, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Natl Sect, Amer inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Local Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Trinity Sect, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Nucl Engn, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Div Heat Transfer, Inst Elect & Electr Engineers Inc, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, Int Astronaut Federat, NASA, Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program, New Mexico Space grant Consortium AB The KidSAT/EarthKAM program is a NASA educational initiative that allows students to develop and operate a remote sensing space program. The first phase of the program consisted of a student developed camera that is flown on Space Shuttle missions in the nadir window.. A network of students develop a series of image acquisition requests. based an approved science proposals, that are combined into a set of instrument commands that are uplinked to the space shuttle. Acquired images an downlinked and archived for student access in completing their research. The international Space Station provides a unique platform far the nest generation of KidSAT/EarthKAM instruments, which will allow more students to participate in the program and enable development of more sophisticated instruments. Follow-on instruments consist of Earth-looking multispectral digital sensors mounted in the optical window and on the express pallet, and radar instruments located on the express pallet. Use of the International Space Station will allow routine data acquisition and enable the instrument to be part of regular science curricula unconstrained by the Space Shuttle launch schedule. C1 USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Mah, GR (reprint author), USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-919-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 504 BP 534 EP 539 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP88C UT WOS:000086475500088 ER PT J AU Jambor, JI Nordstrom, DK Alpers, CN AF Jambor, JI Nordstrom, DK Alpers, CN TI Metal-sulfate salts from sulfide mineral oxidation SO SULFATE MINERALS - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID KIESERITE-TYPE COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IRON-MOUNTAIN; NORTH-DAKOTA; NEGATIVE PH; 298.15 K; SYSTEM; CALIFORNIA; LAYERS; WATER C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Jambor, JI (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. NR 304 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 5 U2 28 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2000 VL 40 BP 303 EP 350 DI 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.6 PG 48 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS32B UT WOS:000169436900006 ER PT J AU Bigham, JM Nordstrom, DK AF Bigham, JM Nordstrom, DK TI Iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates from acid sulfate waters SO SULFATE MINERALS - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MINE TAILINGS IMPOUNDMENT; FE-OXIDE FORMATION; THIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; ARSENATE ADSORPTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MOUNTAIN STREAM; SURFACE WATERS; GREEN RUST; LEPTOSPIRILLUM-FERROOXIDANS C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bigham, JM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI VIEILLARD, Philippe/B-8544-2008 OI VIEILLARD, Philippe/0000-0003-0394-7999 NR 299 TC 286 Z9 287 U1 8 U2 50 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2000 VL 40 BP 351 EP 403 DI 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.7 PG 53 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS32B UT WOS:000169436900007 ER PT J AU Stoffregen, RE Alpers, CN Jambor, JL AF Stoffregen, RE Alpers, CN Jambor, JL TI Alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology SO SULFATE MINERALS - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ADVANCED ARGILLIC ALTERATION; K-AR GEOCHRONOLOGY; GOLD DEPOSITS; NORTHERN CHILE; SUPERGENE OXIDATION; SURFICIAL ALUNITE; AG MINERALIZATION; POTASSIUM-ARGON; PARADISE-PEAK; CU-AU C1 AWK Consulting Engineers Inc, Turtle Creek, PA 15145 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Leslie Res & Consulting, Tsawwassen, BC V4M 3L9, Canada. RP Stoffregen, RE (reprint author), AWK Consulting Engineers Inc, 1611 Monroeville Ave, Turtle Creek, PA 15145 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 109 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 26 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2000 VL 40 BP 453 EP 479 DI 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.9 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS32B UT WOS:000169436900009 ER PT J AU Glynn, P AF Glynn, P TI Solid-solution solubilities and thermodynamics: Sulfates, carbonates and halides SO SULFATE MINERALS - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION SYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM END-POINTS; LIPPMANN DIAGRAMS; MIXING PROPERTIES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; REACTION PATHS; CALCITE; 25-DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURE; MODEL C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Glynn, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 432, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 66 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 15 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2000 VL 40 BP 481 EP 511 DI 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.10 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS32B UT WOS:000169436900010 ER PT J AU Seal, RR Alpers, CN Rye, RO AF Seal, RR Alpers, CN Rye, RO TI Stable isotope systematics of sulfate minerals SO SULFATE MINERALS - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSITS; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; LIQUID WATER EQUILIBRATION; ANHYDRITE-BEARING PUMICES; BEDDED BARITE DEPOSITS; AQUEOUS SALT-SOLUTIONS; VALLEY-TYPE DEPOSITS; DE-FUCA-RIDGE; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Seal, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Alpers, Charles/0000-0001-6945-7365 NR 252 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 20 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2000 VL 40 BP 541 EP 602 DI 10.2138/rmg.2000.40.12 PG 62 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BS32B UT WOS:000169436900012 ER PT B AU Young, J Snyder, C Akerson, J Hunt, G AF Young, J Snyder, C Akerson, J Hunt, G BE McManus, KA Shields, KS Souto, DR TI Assessment of landscape correlates of eastern hemlock decline due to hemlock woolly adelgid SO SYMPOSIUM ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF HEMLOCK ECOSYSTEMS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America CY JUN 22-24, 1999 CL DURHAM, NH SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE State & Private Forestry, NE Res Stn, New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Ruth E Farrington Forest Fund, Univ New Hampshire C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Young, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2000 VL 267 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ43J UT WOS:000088358100024 ER PT B AU Lemarie, DP Young, JA Snyder, CD Ross, RM Smith, DR Bennett, RM AF Lemarie, DP Young, JA Snyder, CD Ross, RM Smith, DR Bennett, RM BE McManus, KA Shields, KS Souto, DR TI Relationships of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to the ecology of small streams in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area SO SYMPOSIUM ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF HEMLOCK ECOSYSTEMS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America CY JUN 22-24, 1999 CL DURHAM, NH SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE State & Private Forestry, NE Res Stn, New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Ruth E Farrington Forest Fund, Univ New Hampshire C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Lemarie, DP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2000 VL 267 BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ43J UT WOS:000088358100037 ER PT B AU Morton, DD Young, JA Thomsen, NM AF Morton, DD Young, JA Thomsen, NM BE McManus, KA Shields, KS Souto, DR TI Use of multi-date landsat TM imagery to map eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) decline due to hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in Shenandoah National Park SO SYMPOSIUM ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF HEMLOCK ECOSYSTEMS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainable Management of Hemlock Ecosystems in Eastern North America CY JUN 22-24, 1999 CL DURHAM, NH SP USDA, Forest Serv, NE State & Private Forestry, NE Res Stn, New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Ruth E Farrington Forest Fund, Univ New Hampshire C1 USGS, BRD, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Morton, DD (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2000 VL 267 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQ43J UT WOS:000088358100040 ER PT B AU Boyle, TP AF Boyle, TP GP CSU CSU CSU TI Use of risk assessment to evaluate effects and plan remediation of abandoned mines SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '00 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste 00 CY JAN 23-26, 2000 CL COLORADO ST UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO ST UNIV AB A framework of risk assessment is elaborated for the evaluation of the effects of abandoned mines and mills. Steps in this process include environmental description, identification and characterization of sources, assessment of exposure, assessment of effects, risk characterization, and risk management or remediation. The development and use of ecological endpoints for remediation is discussed in terms of the chemical constituents, toxicity tests and the biological community. C1 Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Boyle, TP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-126-0 PY 2000 BP 461 EP 464 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BP44S UT WOS:000085162200051 ER PT J AU Thurman, EM Snavely, K AF Thurman, EM Snavely, K TI Advances in solid-phase extraction disks for environmental chemistry SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solid-phase extraction disks; organic contaminants; herbicides; deisopropylatrazine; atrazine ID PARTICLE-LOADED MEMBRANES; HERBICIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER AB The development of solid-phase extraction (SPE) for environmental chemistry has progressed significantly over the last decade to include a number of new sorbents and new approaches to SPE. One SPE approach in particular, the SPE disk, has greatly reduced or eliminated the use of chlorinated solvents for the analysis of trace organic compounds. This article discusses the use and applicability of various SPE disks, including micro-sized disks, prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of trace organic compounds in water. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Thurman, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 15 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0165-9936(99)00175-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 272KR UT WOS:000084649600014 ER PT S AU Verstraeten, IM Bohlke, JK Kraemer, TF AF Verstraeten, IM Bohlke, JK Kraemer, TF BE Dassargues, A TI Groundwater/surface-water interactions and sources of nitrogen and uranium in an irrigated area of Nebraska, USA SO TRACERS AND MODELLING IN HYDROGEOLOGY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Tracers and Modelling in Hydrogeology (TraM 2000) CY MAY, 2000 CL LIEGE, BELGIUM SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Univ Liege, Lab Engn Geol Hydrogeol & Geophys Prospecting, Int Commiss Tracers, Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, Belgian Natl Comm AB The effects of irrigation canals and the North Platte River on groundwater in western Nebraska, USA, were evaluated using chemical and isotopic data. The data indicated that groundwater in the associated alluvium generally is <20 years old with estimated recharge rates from about 10 to >100 cm year(-1). Most groundwater is derived from surface water, as shown by H2O and U isotope analyses. Seasonal losses of canal water to the aquifer cause changes in groundwater quality. in the deepest parts of the alluvium, some water quality may reflect precipitation recharge, older river water, or cross-formational flow. The distribution and isotopic composition of NO3- are consistent with increased fertilizer use over time. Relatively high U concentrations in groundwater may be attributed to dissolution of volcanic ash or other minerals in underlying bedrock. The relatively high concentration of U in surface water at times is attributed to seepage from U-rich groundwater and flow of U-rich surface water from a tributary. C1 US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Verstraeten, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Room 406 Fed Bldg,100 Centennial Mall N, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-21-X J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 262 BP 525 EP 531 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BR04U UT WOS:000165501900075 ER PT J AU Baldigo, BP Lawrence, GB AF Baldigo, BP Lawrence, GB TI Composition of fish communities in relation to stream acidification and habitat in the Neversink River, New York SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; WHOLE-BODY IONS; CATSKILL MOUNTAINS; EPISODIC ACIDIFICATION; WATER-QUALITY; SWIM-UP; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; ACIDITY AB The effects of acidification in lotic systems are not well documented. Spatial and temporal variability of habitat and water quality complicate the evaluation of acidification effects in streams and rivers. The Neversink River in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York, the tributaries of which vary from well buffered to severely acidified, provided an opportunity to investigate the extent and magnitude of acidification effects on fish communities of headwater systems. Composition of fish communities, water quality, stream hydrology, stream habitat, and physiographic factors were characterized from 1991 to 1995 at 16 first- to fourth-order sites in the basin. Correlation and regression analyses were used to develop empirical models and to assess the relations among fish species richness, total fish density, and total fish biomass and environmental variables. Chronic and episodic acidification and elevated concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum were common, and fish populations were rare or absent from several sites in the upper reaches of the basin; as many as six fish species were collected from sites in the lower reaches of the basin. Species distributions and species richness were most highly related to stream pH, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al-im), calcium (Ca)(2+), and potassium (K)(+) concentrations, site elevation, watershed drainage area, and water temperature. Fish density was most highly related to stream pH, Al-im, ANC, K+, Ca2+,and magnesium (Mg)(2+) concentrations. Fish biomass, unlike species richness and fish density, was most highly related to physical habitat characteristics, water temperature, and concentrations of Mg2+ and silicon. Acidity characteristics were of secondary importance to fish biomass at all but the most severely acidified sites. Our results indicate that (1) the total biomass of fish communities was not seriously affected at moderately to strongly acidified sites; (2) species richness and total density of fish were adversely affected at strongly to severely acidified sites; and (3) possible changes in competitive interactions may mitigate negative effects of acidification on fish communities in parts of the Neversink River Basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Baldigo, BP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 425 Jordan Rd, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 60 EP 76 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0060:COFCIR>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300005 ER PT J AU Yako, LA Mather, ME Juanes, F AF Yako, LA Mather, ME Juanes, F TI Assessing the contribution of anadromous herring to largemouth bass growth SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; GIZZARD SHAD; LAKE-MICHIGAN; YELLOW PERCH; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; ENERGY DENSITY; PREY FISHES; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK AB Juvenile anadromous river herring (alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and blueback herring A. aestivalis) spend the first 3 to 7 months of life in headwater lakes of coastal systems. Systems that support herring often produce trophy largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Even though biologists, managers, and anglers have speculated about the value of anadromous herring as a key prey for resident predators, the contribution that herring make to the diets of these predators has not been assessed. Herein, we quantified largemouth bass diets in two coastal lakes, Santuit and Coonamessett ponds, that contained anadromous herring, and we used bioenergetics modeling to evaluate the importance of herring prey to largemouth bass growth. During May through November 1994, largemouth bass diets consisted of various fish species, crayfish, and other invertebrates. Although not the most important prey overall, herring were the most important fish prey consumed in both lakes based on number of individuals consumed. In both lakes, herring were primarily eaten by largemouth bass that were fewer than 300 mm in total length after mid-August. Coonamessett Pond largemouth bass ate more herring and other fish prey and achieved better growth than did those in Santuit Pond. Bioenergetics modeling simulations revealed that water temperature does not explain the presence of trophy largemouth bass in southeastern Massachusetts. Because largemouth bass grow better on a diet that includes herring, we conclude that juvenile herring are an energetically valuable and a potentially key prey for largemouth bass. However, factors other than energetics mediate the use of herring by these resident predators. Further investigations into spatial dynamics, size structure, and foraging behavior are necessary to understand the mechanisms that drive interactions between largemouth bass and anadromous herring. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, USGS BRD, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Mather, ME (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, USGS BRD, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0077:ATCOAH>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300006 ER PT J AU Simpkins, DG Hubert, WA Wesche, TA AF Simpkins, DG Hubert, WA Wesche, TA TI Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; SALMO-TRUTTA; CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM; RADIOTELEMETRY; LOCATIONS; ACCURACY; RIVER; IDAHO AB Overwinter declines in the abundance of small rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have been observed in a section of the Big Horn River that lies downstream from Boysen Reservoir, where reservoir releases prevent surface ice formation. To provide insight into the possible causes of these declines in abundance, radiotelemetry was used to determine movement and microhabitat use of juvenile (20-25 cm total length) rainbow trout during the fall and winter of 1995-1996. Throughout the fall and winter, both stocked (hatchery) and naturally spawned (wild) fish were generally found in main-channel pools with cover that reduced current velocities to less than 2 cm/s near the bottom and with nearby (<2 m) water velocities that were greater than 15 cm/s. These locations provided refuges from the current, with adjacent flowing water that could deliver drifting aquatic invertebrates. The fish were generally associated with cover that was formed by aquatic vegetation early in the fall, but they shifted to cobble and boulder cover (in deeper water) as the aquatic vegetation decomposed and as winter progressed. Episodes of frazil ice in January and early February were associated with movements of wild fish in the upstream portion of the study area-from normal activity areas to refuges at the bottom of deep pools or under shelf ice in shallow water near shore. Frazil-ice episodes often initiated long-term movements among fish. Our results suggest that changing habitat features from fall to winter and frazil-ice episodes can cause juvenile rainbow trout to move and to modify their habitat use, depending on their location in a tailwater. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Simpkins, DG (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0101:EOFTWC>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300008 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Maule, AG Schreck, CB AF Mesa, MG Maule, AG Schreck, CB TI Interaction of infection with Renibacterium salmoninarum and physical stress in juvenile chinook salmon: Physiological responses, disease progression, and mortality SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BROOD STOCK SEGREGATION; ACUTE HANDLING STRESS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; LYSOZYME ACTIVITY; IMMUNE-SYSTEM AB We experimentally infected juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), in order to compare the physiological responses of Rs-infected and Rs-noninfected fish to a series of multiple, acute stressors and to determine whether exposure to these stressors worsens the infection and leads to increased mortality. After subjecting groups of fish to a waterborne challenge of Rs, we sampled them biweekly to monitor infection levels, mortality, and some stress-related physiological changes. As infections worsened, fish developed decreased hematocrits and blood glucose levels and increased levels of cortisol and lactate, indicating that BKD is stressful, particularly during the later stages. Eight weeks after the challenge, when fish had moderate to high infection levels, we subjected them, along with unchallenged control fish, to three 60-s bouts of hypoxia, struggling, and mild agitation that were separated by 48-72 h. Our results indicate that the imposition of these stressors on Rs-infected fish did not lead to higher infection levels or increased mortality when compared with diseased fish that did not receive the stressors. Furthermore, the kinetics of plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate over a 24-h period following each application of the stressor were similar between fish with moderate to high Rs infections and those that had low or no detectable infection. Some differences in the stress responses of these two groups did exist, however. Most notably, fish with moderate to high Rs infections had higher titers of cortisol and lactate prior to each application of the stressor and also were unable to consistently elicit a significant hyperglycemia in response to the stressors. Collectively, our results should be important in understanding the impact that BKD has on the survival of juvenile salmonids, but we caution that our results represent the combined effects of one type of stressor and one disease only and probably cannot be applied to other scenarios. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 55 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 158 EP 173 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0158:IOIWRS>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300013 ER PT J AU Mesa, MG Weiland, LK Maule, AG AF Mesa, MG Weiland, LK Maule, AG TI Progression and severity of gas bubble trauma in juvenile salmonids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SUPERSATURATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; DISEASE AB We conducted laboratory experiments to assess the progression and to quantify the severity of signs of gas bubble trauma (GBT) in juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to different levels of total dissolved gas (TDG), and we attempted to relate these signs to the likelihood of mortality. When fish were exposed to 110% TDG for up to 22 d, no fish died, and there were few signs of GBT in the lateral line or gills. Bubbles in the fins, however, were relatively common, and they progressively worsened over the experimental period. When fish were exposed to 120% TDG for up to 140 h, chinook salmon had an LT20 (time necessary to kill 20%, of the fish) ranging from 40 to 120 h, whereas steelhead had LT(20)s ranging from 20 to 35 h. In steelhead, bubbles in the lateral line, fins, and gills displayed poor trends of worsening over time, showed substantial interindividual variability, and were poorly related to mortality. In chinook salmon, only bubbles in the lateral line showed a distinct worsening over time, and the severity of bubbles in the lateral line was highly correlated with mortality. When fish were exposed to 130% TDG for up to 11 h, LT(20)s for chinook salmon ranged from 3 to 6 h, whereas those for steelhead ranged from 5 to 7 h. In chinook salmon, bubbles in the lateral line and fins, but not those in the gills, showed distinct trends of worsening over time. In steelhead, bubbles in the lateral line displayed the most significant trend of progressive severity. In both species at 130% TDG, the severity of all GBT signs was highly correlated with mortality. The progressive nature of GBT and the methods we developed to examine fish for GBT may be useful for monitoring programs that aim to assess the severity of dissolved gas supersaturation exposures experienced by fish in the wild. However, the efficacy of such programs seems substantially hindered by problems associated with (1) the variable persistence of GBT signs; (2) the inconsistent relation of GBT signs to mortality; (3) the insufficient knowledge of the relation between exposure history and GBT sign development for fish in the wild; and (3) an extreme amount of interindividual variation in terms of susceptibility to GBT. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605, Australia. RP Mesa, MG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605, Australia. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0174:PASOGB>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300014 ER PT J AU Chipps, SR Einfalt, LM Wahl, DH AF Chipps, SR Einfalt, LM Wahl, DH TI Growth and food consumption by tiger muskellunge: Effects of temperature and ration level on bioenergetic model predictions SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; LARGEMOUTH BASS; 3 ESOCIDS; POPULATION; FISHES AB We measured growth of age-0 tiger muskellunge as a function of ration size (25, 50, 75, and 100% C-max) and water temperature (7.5-25 degrees C) and compared experimental results with those predicted from a bioenergetic model. Discrepancies between actual and predicted values varied appreciably with water temperature and growth rate. On average, model output overestimated winter consumption rates at 10 and 7.5 degrees C by 113 to 328%, respectively, whereas model predictions in summer and autumn (20-25 degrees C) were in better agreement with actual values (4 to 58%). We postulate that variation in model performance was related to seasonal changes in esocid metabolic rate, which were not accounted for in the bioenergetic model. Moreover, accuracy of model output varied with feeding and growth rate of tiger muskellunge. The model performed poorly for fish fed low rations compared with estimates based on fish fed ad libitum rations and was attributed, in part, to the influence of growth rate on the accuracy of bioenergetic predictions. Based on modeling simulations, we found that errors associated with bioenergetic parameters had more influence on model output when growth rate was low, which is consistent with our observations. In addition, reduced conversion efficiency at high ration levels may contribute to variable model performance, thereby implying that waste losses should be modeled as a function of ration size for esocids. Our findings support earlier field tests of the esocid bioenergetic model and indicate that food consumption is generally overestimated by the model, particularly in winter months and for fish exhibiting low feeding and growth rates. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Aquat Ecol, Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. RP Chipps, SR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 2140B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0186:GAFCBT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300015 ER PT J AU Wildhaber, ML Allert, AL Schmitt, CJ Tabor, VM Mulhern, D Powell, KL Sowa, SP AF Wildhaber, ML Allert, AL Schmitt, CJ Tabor, VM Mulhern, D Powell, KL Sowa, SP TI Natural and anthropogenic influences on the distribution of the threatened Neosho madtom in a midwestern warmwater stream SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACID DEHYDRATASE ACTIVITY; COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS; CLARK-FORK RIVER; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; RAINBOW-TROUT; MISSOURI STREAMS; MICROHABITAT USE; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT; LEAD AB We attempted to discern the contributions of physical habitat, water chemistry, nutrients, and contaminants from historic lead-zinc mining activities on the riffle-dwelling benthic fish community of the Spring River, a midwestern warmwater stream that originates in Missouri and flows into Kansas and Oklahoma. The Spring River has a fish community that includes the Neosho madtom Noturus placidus, a species federally listed as threatened. Although anthropogenic factors such as contaminants limited populations and densities of fishes, an integrated assessment of natural and anthropogenic factors was necessary to effectively estimate the influence of the latter. Fish populations in the Spring River, especially Neosho madtoms, seem to be limited by the presence of cadmium, lead, and zinc in water and in benthic invertebrate food sources and by physical habitat. The population density and community structure of fish in the Spring River also seem to be related to water chemistry and nutrients. Concurrently, diminished food availability may be limiting fish populations at some sites where Neosho madtoms are not found. Many of the natural factors that may be limiting Neosho madtom and other riffle-dwelling fish populations in the Spring River probably are characteristic of the physiographic region drained by the upper reach and many of the tributaries of the Spring River. Our results indicate that competition between the Neosho madtom and other species within the riffle-dwelling fish community is an unlikely cause of Neosho madtom population limitation in the Spring River. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Westwood Professional Serv Inc, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Missouri Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wildhaber, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 85 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 129 IS 1 BP 243 EP 261 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0243:NAAIOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 349ZV UT WOS:000089076300020 ER PT S AU Williams, BK AF Williams, BK BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Perspectives on regulation of the sport harvest of wildlife SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL ID MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATIONS C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300006 ER PT S AU Nichols, JD AF Nichols, JD BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Evolution of harvest management for North American waterfowl: Selective pressures and preadaptations for adaptive harvest management SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL ID UNCERTAINTY; POPULATIONS C1 US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD USA. RP Nichols, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 65 EP 77 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300007 ER PT S AU Johnson, FA Case, DJ AF Johnson, FA Case, DJ BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Adaptive regulation of waterfowl harvests: Lessons learned and prospects for the future SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL ID POINT SYSTEM; EXPLOITATION; UNCERTAINTY; MANAGEMENT; MALLARDS; DUCKS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Johnson, FA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 94 EP 108 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300009 ER PT S AU Thompson, BC Prior-Magee, JS Munson-McGee, ML Brown, W Parsons, D Moore, L AF Thompson, BC Prior-Magee, JS Munson-McGee, ML Brown, W Parsons, D Moore, L BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Beyond release: Incorporating diverse publics in setting research priorities for the Mexican wolf recovery program SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Thompson, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 278 EP 291 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300023 ER PT S AU Steingraeber, MT Thiel, PA AF Steingraeber, MT Thiel, PA BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus): Another unwelcome invader in the Mississippi River basin SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL ID MUSSELS DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSELS; IMPACT; INVASION; MAYFLIES; GOBIES C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP Steingraeber, MT (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2000 BP 328 EP 344 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300028 ER PT S AU Goettel, B AF Goettel, B BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI The Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge invasive plant control initiative SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Goettel, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Turners Falls, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 382 EP 393 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300030 ER PT S AU Webb, SK AF Webb, SK BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI CALFED nonnative invasive species program SO TRANSCATIONS OF THE SIXTY FIFTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference CY MAR 24-28, 2000 CL ROSEMONT, IL C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA USA. RP Webb, SK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2000 BP 394 EP 404 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR17U UT WOS:000165806300031 ER PT J AU Moody, JA Sullivan, JF Taylor, HE AF Moody, JA Sullivan, JF Taylor, HE TI Effects of the flood of 1993 on the chemical characteristics of bed sediments in the Upper Mississippi River SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE bed-sediment; flood effects; inorganic pollutants; organic pollutants; river reservoirs ID CONTAMINANTS; METALS AB Concentrations of pollutants stored in the surficial bed sediments in the navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River showed a general decrease after the record flood of 1993. Percent clay and total organic carbon in the surficial sediments decreased as a result of an increase in the proportion of coarser sediment. Decreases in pollutant concentration may have been a result of the dilution by coarser and relatively less polluted sediment that was mobilized and transported into the Upper Mississippi River from its tributaries or from mainstem locations upstream but outside of the sampling area. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Moody, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 413,Box 25406, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 117 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 351 DI 10.1023/A:1005143103441 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 253QD UT WOS:000083566500022 ER PT B AU Moore, CM Keeley, JE AF Moore, CM Keeley, JE BE Kane, DL TI Long-term hydrologic response of a forested catchment to prescribed fire SO WATER RESOURCES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS SE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWRA 2000 Spring Specialty Conference on Water Resources in Extreme Environments CY MAY 01-03, 2000 CL AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT, ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Power & Tel Co, BP Explorat, GW Sci, Harza Engn Co, Meridian Management Inc, Montgomery Watson, Oasis Environm Inc, Remote Utilities Syst Grp HO AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT DE prescribed fire; runoff; small catchment; Sierra Nevada; tree mortality AB Pre- and post-burn stream discharge was monitored between 1983 and 1999 in adjacent catchments: Tharp's Creek, an intermittent stream, and Log Creek, a perennial stream, in Sequoia National Park Tharp's Creek catchment (0.13 km(2)) was treated with a prescribed fire in 1990. Log Creek catchment (0.50 km(2)) served as the control. Prior to the burn, Tharp's Creek flowed an average of 195 days yr(-1) but, in years with below normal precipitation, measurable flow occurred on average 150 days yr(-1) (n=5). After the burn days with measurable flow increased to 255 days yr(-1) for all years (n=9) and to 225 days yr(-1) in years with below normal precipitation (n=4). Annual runoff coefficients in Tharp's Creek prior to the burn ranged from 0.005 to 0.20 during dry years and from 0.30 to 0.55 during wet years. Runoff coefficients in the Log Creek catchment ranged from 0.20 to 0.48 during dry years and from 0.60 to 0.80 during wet years. After the fire, runoff increased significantly in Tharp's Creek with coefficients of 0.10 to 0.70 during dry years and 0.35 to 0.80 during wet years. In the control catchment, Log Creek, runoff did not increase significantly in the post-fire period. Post-burn increases in runoff at Tharp's Creek watershed were correlated with postburn tree mortality which decreased evapo-transpiration and reduced canopy interception of precipitation. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Moore, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA J9 AM WAT RES PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BQ54P UT WOS:000088719600007 ER PT B AU Richmond, SA Braddock, JF AF Richmond, SA Braddock, JF BE Kane, DL TI Geochemical characterization of anaerobic ground water in subarctic Alaska SO WATER RESOURCES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS SE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWRA 2000 Spring Specialty Conference on Water Resources in Extreme Environments CY MAY 01-03, 2000 CL AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT, ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Power & Tel Co, BP Explorat, GW Sci, Harza Engn Co, Meridian Management Inc, Montgomery Watson, Oasis Environm Inc, Remote Utilities Syst Grp HO AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT DE terminal electron-accepting processes; hydrogen; Gibbs free energy; ground water ID HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS; METHANE PRODUCTION; SULFATE REDUCTION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; AQUIFER; SEDIMENTS; MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION AB A frequently used method for determining the distribution of terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs) in ground water couples measurement of available electron donors and accepters with concentrations of dissolved hydrogen. This information is useful when predicting the fate of environmental contaminants because the degradation rates and end products of microbially mediated degradation processes are highly dependent upon which TEAPs are active. Empirically derived ranges of hydrogen corresponding to particular TEAPs assume steady-state conditions and competitive exclusion of other microbially mediated redox processes. However, such empirically derived ranges may not apply to very cold, subarctic ground water or systems at disequilibrium. We have examined redox chemistry in cold (1-10 degrees C) ground water at two sites in the Tanana Alluvium, near Fairbanks, Alaska. At one site, hydrogen concentrations ranged between <0.19-0.90 nM, suggesting that Fe(III)-reduction was the predominant TEAP, while at the other site, concentrations were uniformly below the range predicted for iron reduction. However, at both sites, the presence of sulfide above saturation with respect to pyrite at most wells (0.001-0.069 mg/L) is strong evidence for active sulfate reduction. Methane concentrations at some wells were above saturation (ca. 2.0 - 600 mg/L) although it is not clear whether elevated methane is indicative of active methanogenesis or the result of diffusion from other sources. These data suggest concomitant Fe(III) and sulfate reduction and this interpretation is supported by thermodynamically favorable in situ Delta G(r) values. In this and other cold systems at disequilibrium where an assignment of a predominant TEAP is not possible, hydrogen data alone may not accurately reflect all redox processes and, therefore, the diagnostic use of empirical ranges established for other systems may not be appropriate. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RP Richmond, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 1150 Univ Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA J9 AM WAT RES PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BQ54P UT WOS:000088719600024 ER PT B AU Hay, L Clark, M Leavesley, G AF Hay, L Clark, M Leavesley, G BE Kane, DL TI Use of atmospheric forecasts in hydrologic models: Part 2. Case study SO WATER RESOURCES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS SE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWRA 2000 Spring Specialty Conference on Water Resources in Extreme Environments CY MAY 01-03, 2000 CL AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT, ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Power & Tel Co, BP Explorat, GW Sci, Harza Engn Co, Meridian Management Inc, Montgomery Watson, Oasis Environm Inc, Remote Utilities Syst Grp HO AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT DE atmospheric forecast model; hydrologic model; mountainous terrain; forecasting; Colorado ID UNITED-STATES AB To assess the usefulness of atmospheric forecasts in hydrologic models, a distributed hydrologic model of the Animas River basin was forced with daily precipitation (PRCP) and maximum and minimum temperature (TMAX and TMIN) data from: (I) meteorological stations and (2) 8-day forecasts from an atmospheric forecast model with the systematic biases removed. Output from the hydrologic model forced with station data were used as "truth" to focus attention on the hydrologic effects of errors in the g-day atmospheric forecasts. Significant accuracy was present in the TMAX and TMIN forecasts during spring and fail and in the TMIN forecasts during winter. PRCP forecast accuracy was poor. Useful forecasts occur because the Animas River basin is dominated by snow melt (which is dependent on the volume of winter snowpack and is influenced by variations in temperature), and may not hold in other river basins where the surface water hydrology is predominately influenced by rainfall. The coarse horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model is responsible for the large forecast errors; therefore, methods that resolve subgrid scale information in the forecasted fields are needed. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Hay, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 412,DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA J9 AM WAT RES PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BQ54P UT WOS:000088719600037 ER PT B AU Morkill, AE Vandegraft, DL AF Morkill, AE Vandegraft, DL BE Kane, DL TI The dynamics of high-latitude coasts: Implications for managing the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska SO WATER RESOURCES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS, PROCEEDINGS SE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION TECHNICAL PUBLICATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AWRA 2000 Spring Specialty Conference on Water Resources in Extreme Environments CY MAY 01-03, 2000 CL AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT, ANCHORAGE, AK SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Univ Alaska Fairbanks Water & Environm Res Ctr, Alaska Power & Tel Co, BP Explorat, GW Sci, Harza Engn Co, Meridian Management Inc, Montgomery Watson, Oasis Environm Inc, Remote Utilities Syst Grp HO AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ALASKA STATE SECT AB The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Alaska encompasses more than 200 km of high-latitude coastline that is affected by extreme hydrological processes in the eastern Alaska Beaufort Sea. The dynamic nature of this high-latitude coast poses several administrative and environmental challenges. The refuge's northern boundary is legally described as following the line of extreme low water of the Arctic Ocean between the Alaska-Canada International Boundary and the Canning River, including all offshore bars, reefs and islands. Such an administrative boundary line is difficult to depict because extreme low water is an unknown tidal epoch in the Beaufort Sea, and it differs from standard measures used to delineate coastlines on maps and charts. Coastal dynamics also determine the distribution and diversity of nearshore marine and shoreline terrestrial habitats, and affect the integrity of historical and contemporary structures located along eroding bluffs. Additional challenges could arise in the future as natural rates of coastal erosion and accretion could be further compounded by a predicted sea level rise resulting from global climate change. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Morkill, AE (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101-12th Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA J9 AM WAT RES PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BQ54P UT WOS:000088719600049 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Wiiliams, MW AF Baron, JS Wiiliams, MW TI Recent loch vale watershed research - Preface SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 DI 10.1029/1999WR900293 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500003 ER PT J AU Michel, RL Campbell, D Clow, D Turk, JT AF Michel, RL Campbell, D Clow, D Turk, JT TI Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; SNOWMELT; STREAMS AB Sulphur 35, a cosmogenically produced radioisotope with a short half-life (87 days), was measured in snowpack during 1993-1997 and at four locations within the Loch Vale watershed during 1995-1997. The four sites include the two main drainages in the watershed, Andrews Creek and Icy Brook, a small south facing catchment flowing into Andrews Creek (Andrews Spring 1), and a similar north facing catchment flowing out of a scree held into Icy Brook (Spring 19). Concentrations ranged from a high of almost 50 mBq/L for a sample from Spring 19 in June 1996 to a concentration near the detection limit for a sample from Andrews Creek in April 1997. Sulphur 35 concentrations were normalized to sulphate las mBq/mg SO(4)-(2)) and were decay-corrected to a Julian day of 90 (April 1) for each year. Snowpack had the highest (35)S concentration with an average concentration of 53 mBq/mg SO(4)(-2). Concentrations in the streams were much lower, ever when corrected for decay relative to JD 90. The large (35)S concentrations found in Spring 19 were the result of increases in concentration due to sublimation and/or evapotranspiration and were lower than snowpack when normalized to sulphate. Using 35S concentrations found in snowpack as of JD 90 as a beginning concentration, the fraction of sulphate in streamflow that was derived from atmospheric deposition within the prior water year was estimated. For Icy Brook and Andrews Creek the fraction of the sulphate in streamflow derived from that year's snowpack and precipitation was low prior to the beginning of the main spring melt, reached a maximum during the period of maximum flow, and decreased as the summer progressed. A calculation of the seasonal flux indicated that about 40% of the sulphate that flowed out of the watershed was derived from atmospheric sulphate deposited during the previous year. This suggests that more than half of the sulphate deposited in the watershed by atmospheric processes during the previous year was removed during the following summer. Thus sulphate retention in alpine watersheds like Loch Vale is very limited, and changes in sulphate deposition should be quickly reflected in stream chemistry. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rlmichel@usgs.gov; dhcampbe@usgs.gov; dclow@usgs.gov; jtturk@usgs.gov OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1029/1999WR900276 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500005 ER PT J AU Campbell, DH Baron, JS Tonnessen, KA Brooks, PD Schuster, PF AF Campbell, DH Baron, JS Tonnessen, KA Brooks, PD Schuster, PF TI Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALPINE TUNDRA COMMUNITIES; INORGANIC NITROGEN; SIERRA-NEVADA; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FOREST; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FRONT RANGE; NIWOT RIDGE; CHEMISTRY; SATURATION AB High-altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO3- plus NH4+ was 3.2-5.5 kg N ha(-1), and watershed export was 1.8-3.9 kg N ha(-1) for water years 1992-1997. Annual N export increased in years with greater input of N, but most of the additional N was retained in the watershed, indicating that parts of the ecosystem are nitrogen-limited. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were greatest in subsurface water of talus landscapes, where mineralization and nitrification augment high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Tundra landscapes had moderately high DIN concentrations, whereas forest and wetland landscapes had low concentrations, indicating little export of nitrogen from these landscapes. Between the two subbasins the catchment of Icy Brook had greater retention of nitrogen than that of Andrews Creek because of landscape and hydrologic characteristics that favor greater N assimilation in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These results suggest that export of N from alpine/subalpine watersheds is caused by a combination of direct flushing of N from atmospheric deposition and release of N from ecosystem biogeochemical processes (N cycling). Sensitivity of alpine ecosystems in the western United States to atmospheric deposition of N is a function of landscape heterogeneity, hydrologic flow paths, and climatic extremes that limit primary productivity and microbial activity, which, in turn, control retention and release of nitrogen. Conceptual and mechanistic models of N excess that have been developed for forested ecosystems need to be modified in order to predict the response of alpine ecosystems to future changes in climate and atmospheric deposition of N. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Campbell, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 39 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1029/1999WR900283 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500006 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Sueker, JK AF Clow, DW Sueker, JK TI Relations between basin characteristics and stream water chemistry in alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAJOR ION CHEMISTRY; WILDERNESS AREA; LOCH-VALE; NITROGEN; LAKES; ACIDIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; ELEVATION; RIVER AB Relations between stream water chemistry and topographic, vegetative, and geologic characteristics of basins were evaluated for nine alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, to identify controlling parameters and to better understand processes governing patterns in stream water chemistry. Fractional amounts of steep slopes (greater than or equal to 30 degrees), unvegetated terrain, and young surficial debris within each basin were positively correlated to each other. These terrain features, which commonly occur on steep valley side slopes underlain by talus, were negatively correlated with concentrations of base cations, silica, and alkalinity and were positively correlated with nitrate, acidity, and runoff. These relations might result from the short residence times of water and limited soil development in the talus environment, which limit chemical weathering and nitrogen uptake. Steep, unvegetated terrains also tend to promote high Ca/Na ratios in stream water, probably because physical weathering rates in those areas are high. Physical weathering exposes fresh bedrock that contains interstitial calcite, which weathers relatively quickly. The fractional amounts of subalpine meadow and, to a lesser extent, old surficial debris in the basins were positively correlated to concentrations of weathering products and were negatively correlated to nitrate and acidity. These relations may reflect more opportunities for silicate weathering and nitrogen uptake in the lower-energy environments of the valley floor, where soils are finer-grained, older, and better developed and slopes are relatively flat. These results indicate that in alpine/subalpine basins, slope vegetation (or lack thereof), and distribution and age of surficial materials are interrelated and can have major effects on stream water chemistry. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 415 Fed Ctr,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1029/1999WR900294 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500007 ER PT J AU Sueker, JK Ryan, JN Kendall, C Jarrett, RD AF Sueker, JK Ryan, JN Kendall, C Jarrett, RD TI Determination of hydrologic pathways during snowmelt for alpine/subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGRAPH SEPARATIONS; HEADWATER CATCHMENT; SIERRA-NEVADA; ALPINE BASIN; RUNOFF; CHEMISTRY; ACIDIFICATION; ELEVATION; FOREST; WATER AB Alpine/subalpine ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park may be sensitive to atmospherically derived acidic deposition. Two- and three-component hydrograph separation analyses and correlation analyses were performed for six basins to provide insight into streamflow generation during snowmelt and to assess basin sensitivity to acidic deposition. Three-component hydrograph separation results for five basins showed that streamflow contained from 42 to 57% direct snowmelt runoff, 37 to 54% subsurface water, and 4 to 13% direct rain runoff for the May through October 1994 study period. Subsurface contributions were 89% of total flow for the sixth basin. The reliability of hydrograph separation model assumptions was explored. Subsurface flow was positively correlated with the amount of surficial material in a basin and was negatively correlated with basin slope. Basins with extensive surficial material and shallow slopes are less susceptible to ecosystem changes due to acidic deposition than basins with less surficial material and steeper slopes. This study was initiated to expand the intensive hydrologic research that has been conducted in Loch Vale basin to a more regional scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Sueker, JK (reprint author), Exponent, 4940 Pearl E Circle,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 46 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500008 ER PT J AU Meixner, T Bales, RC Williams, MW Campbell, DH Baron, JS AF Meixner, T Bales, RC Williams, MW Campbell, DH Baron, JS TI Stream chemistry modeling of two watersheds in the Front Range, Colorado SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIERRA-NEVADA; NITROGEN SATURATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; CALIFORNIA; ACIDIFICATION; DEPOSITION; FLUXES; SNOW AB We investigated the hydrologic, geochemical, and biogeochemical controls on stream chemical composition on the Green Lakes Valley and Andrews Creek watersheds using the alpine hydrochemical model (AHM). Both sites had comparable data sets from 1994 and 1996, including high-resolution spatial data and high-frequency time series of hydrology, geochemistry, and meteorology. The model of each watershed consisted of three terrestrial subunits (soil, talus, and rock), with the routing between the subunits determined by spatial land cover data. Using 1994 data for model calibration and 1996 data for evaluation AHM captured the dominant processes and successfully simulated daily stream chemical composition on both watersheds. These results confirm our procedure of using spatial and site-specific field and laboratory data to generate an initial catchment model and then calibrating the model to calculate effective parameters for unmeasured processes. A net source of nitrogen was identified in the Andrews Creek watershed during the spring snowmelt period, whereas nitrogen was immobilized in the Green Lakes Valley. This difference was most likely due to the larger and more dominant area of talus in the Andrews Creek watershed. Our results also indicate that routing of snowmelt through either soil or talus material is sufficient for retention of H+ and release of base cations but that N retention is more important on areas mapped as soil. Owing to the larger ionic pulse and larger fraction of surface runoff the Green Lakes Valley was more sensitive to a doubling of wet deposition chemistry than the Andrews Creek watershed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Meixner, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1029/1999WR900248 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500009 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Hartman, MD Band, LE Lammers, RB AF Baron, JS Hartman, MD Band, LE Lammers, RB TI Sensitivity of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; NATIONAL-PARK; SNOWMELT; COLORADO; RESPONSES; BASIN; MODEL; VEGETATION; RUNOFF AB We explored the hydrologic and ecological responses of a headwater mountain catchment, Loch Vale watershed, to climate change and doubling of atmospheric CO2 scenarios using the;Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys). A slight (2 degrees C) cooling, comparable to conditions observed over the past 40 years, led to greater snowpack and slightly less runoff, evaporation, transpiration, and plant productivity. An increase of 2 degrees C yielded the opposite response, but model output for an increase of 4 degrees C showed dramatic changes in timing of hydrologic responses. The snowpack was reduced by 50%, and runoff and soil water increased and occurred 4-5 weeks earlier with 4 degrees C warming. Alpine tundra photosynthetic rates responded more to warmer and wetter conditions than subalpine forest, but subalpine forest showed a greater response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 than tundra. Even though water use efficiency increased with the double CO2 scenario, this had little effect on basin-wide runoff because the catchment is largely unvegetated. Changes in winter and spring climate conditions were more important to hydrologic and vegetation dynamics than changes that occurred during summer. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 61 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1029/1999WR900263 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500010 ER PT J AU Davis, JA Kent, DB Coston, JA Hess, KM Joye, JL AF Davis, JA Kent, DB Coston, JA Hess, KM Joye, JL TI Multispecies reactive tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METAL-EDTA COMPLEXES; GRAVEL AQUIFER; CAPE-COD; DISSOLUTION REACTIONS; BATCH EXPERIMENTS; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; TRANSPORT MODEL; POROUS-MEDIA; ADSORPTION; SAND AB A field investigation of multispecies reactive transport was conducted in a well-characterized, sand and gravel aquifer on Cape God, Massachusetts. The aquifer is characterized by regions of differing chemical conditions caused by the disposal of secondary sewage effluent. Ten thousand liters of groundwater with added tracers (Br, Cr(VI), and EDTA complexed with Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni) were injected into the aquifer and distributions of the tracers were monitored for 15 months. Most of the tracers were transported more than 200 m; transport was quantified using spatial moments computed from the results of a series of synoptic samplings. Cr(VI) transport was retarded relative to Br; the retardation factor varied from 1.1 to 2.4 and was dependent on chemical conditions. At 314 days after the injection, dissolved Cr(VI) mass in the tracer cloud had decreased 85%, with the likely cause being reduction to Cr(III) in a suboxic region of the aquifer. Transport of the metal-EDTA complexes was affected by aqueous complexation, adsorption, and dissolution-precipitation reactions of Fe oxyhydroxide minerals in the aquifer sediments. Dissolved Pb-EDTA complexes disappeared from the tracer cloud within 85 days, probably due to metal exchange reactions with Fe and adsorbed Zn (present prior to the injection from contamination by the sewage effluent). About 30% of the Cu-EDTA complexes remained within the tracer cloud 314 days after injection, even though the thermodynamic stability of the Pb-EDTA complex is greater than Cu-EDTA. It is hypothesized that stronger adsorption of Pb2+ to the aquifer sediments causes the Pb-EDTA complex to disassociate to a greater degree than the Cu-EDTA complex. The mass of dissolved Zn-EDTA increased during the first 175 days of the tracer test to 140% of the mass injected, with the increase due to desorption of sewage-derived Zn. Dissolved Ni-EDTA mass remained nearly constant throughout the tracer test, apparently only participating in reversible adsorption reactions. The results of the held experiment provide a chemically complex data set that can be used in the testing of reactive transport models of flow coupled with chemical reactions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. RP Davis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 465, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 119 EP 134 DI 10.1029/1999WR900282 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 271NZ UT WOS:000084601500013 ER PT J AU Whisson, DA Takekawa, JY AF Whisson, DA Takekawa, JY TI Testing the effectiveness of an aquatic hazing device on waterbirds in the San Francisco Bay estuary of California SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE bird-hazing; Breco Bird Scarer; oil spill; San Francisco Bay; Scaup; Surf Scoters; waterbirds; waterfowl; Aythya spp.; Melanitta perspicillata AB Aquatic hazing devices recently have been developed as a possible means of deterring waterbirds From oil spills, thereby reducing casualties. However, the effectiveness of these devices has nor been examined with rigorous statistical tests. We conducted a study in the San Francisco Bay estuary to develop a design for testing the effectiveness of an aquatic hazing device on waterbirds in open water. Transects marked with poles at 100-m intervals up to 800 m from the hazing device were established at two sites separated by three km in the north hay. Alternating two-day test and control periods were conducted at each site. Observers in overwater blinds counted the number, species and behavior (swimming, diving, or preening) of birds on transects each day. Aerial surveys of birds within four km of the device were conducted at the beginning of each test. For both aerial and around sun cys, a three-way mixed model analysis of variance test was used to examine trial, distance from die device, and treatment (device on or off) fixed effects, and site as a random effect on number of Greater and Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis and A. marila), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and all other waterbirds. We could not detect a significant deterrent effect of the hazing device in either aerial surveys of all ducks or scaup (all ducks, F-28.33 = 1.1; Scaup, F-28.230 = 0.9, all n.s.: 3-factor ANOVA), or ground surveys for all bucks or scaup (all ducks, F-28.23 = 1.0; scaup, F-28.230 = 0.9, all n.s.; 3-factor ANOVA). There was a significant trial-by-treatment interaction for Surf Scoters (F-49 = 5.4, P = 0.02; 3-factor ANOVA), but Surf Scoter numbers fluctuated greatly among trials so the effect of the device on this species was not clear. Birds did not alter their behavior when the device was active. In general, although aquatic hazing devices have potential to reduce waterbird mortality in oil spills, the tested device was not effective as a deterrent for waterfowl in experimental trials on the estuary. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. RP Whisson, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Whisson, Desley/H-9578-2013 OI Whisson, Desley/0000-0002-4221-0706 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308EH UT WOS:000086697200007 ER PT J AU Hatch, SA Meyers, PM Mulcahy, DM Douglas, DC AF Hatch, SA Meyers, PM Mulcahy, DM Douglas, DC TI Performance of implantable satellite transmitters in diving seabirds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Common Murre; Fratercula cirrhata; satellite telemetry; Thick-Billed murre; Tufted Puffin; Uria aalge; Uria lomvia ID WANDERING ALBATROSSES; ADELIE PENGUINS; TRACKING; TELEMETRY; MIGRATION; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; MALLARDS; DUCKS AB We report on the first deployment of satellite transmitters in large alcids. In 1995 and 1996, we surgically implanted 51 transmitters in Common and Thick-billed murres (Uria aalge and U. lomvia) and Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) at three colonies in Alaska. These devices furnished more than 2,900 locations over succeeding months (eight months maximum transmitter life), some 30-40% of which had calculated errors of <1,000 m. We considered other data to be reliable if locations were repetitive within a short period of time. As measures of data collection efficiency, we calculated location indices (number of locations per hour of transmission) of 0.44 during the breeding season and 0.35 overall. Those values compared favorably with satellite transmitters previously deployed on large mammals at similar latitudes. Transmitters did not last as long as expected because lithium batteries tended to self-discharge when kept at the high internal temperature of a bird. Most importantly, we encountered high mortality of instrumented birds, especially in the interval from 11-20 days after release. Our results suggest that radio transmission itself somehow impaired normal feeding behavior or otherwise compromised the birds' health. Those two problems (battery life and bird mortality) will need to he solved before implantable devices can he applied effectively to the same or similar species in the future. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308EH UT WOS:000086697200010 ER PT J AU Diaz, ME Thompson, BC Valdez, R AF Diaz, ME Thompson, BC Valdez, R TI Nesting of Yellow-footed Gulls on Isla del Carmen, Baja California Sur, Mexico SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE behavior; Larus livens; Mexico; nesting; predation; Yellow-footed Gull AB From February to June 1996, we observed breeding numbers, chronology nest characteristics, and productivity of Yellow-footed Gulls (Larus livens) on and near Isla del Carmen, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Of 124 active nests on Isla del Carmen, 75.8% were single or in groups of less than or equal to ten nests. Most nests observed were 1.5-10 m above high tide line on top of bare rock. Distance to the nearest neighbors' nest varied from < one m to 50 m ((x) over bar = 12.3, 9.5 SD, n = 19). Egg-laying started in late March-early April at different colonies; hatching was completed by mid-May. Productivity at hatching was comparable to published estimates for the species. We found a discrepancy between our gull counts and another reported population estimate for the island, thus confusing population estimation used for conservation planning. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Diaz, ME (reprint author), Varsovia 2621,Lomas Santuario, Chihuahua 31280, Mexico. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 109 EP 113 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308EH UT WOS:000086697200013 ER PT J AU Lanctot, RB Sandercock, BK Kempenaers, B AF Lanctot, RB Sandercock, BK Kempenaers, B TI Do male breeding displays function to attract mates or defend territories? The explanatory role of mate and site fidelity SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE breeding displays; Calidris mauri; mate attraction; mate guarding; territory defense; song; Western Sandpiper ID SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; CALIDRIS-MAURI; WESTERN SANDPIPERS; BEHAVIOR; CHRONOLOGY; NEIGHBORS; SELECTION; DUNLIN AB Many shorebirds show elaborate breeding displays that include aerial flights and ground displays accompanied by song. The mate attraction hypothesis suggests that breeding displays function to attract mates and maintain pair bonds, whereas the territory defense hypothesis suggests breeding displays function in defining and defending nesting and feeding territories. We tested these hypotheses in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) by contrasting the duration and level of male breeding displays among pairs that differed in their mate and site fidelity. As predicted by the mate attraction hypothesis, males performed the highest number of song sequences during pair formation, and males paired with their mate of a prior year sang less than males paired to new mates. Further, site-faithful males mated to a new but experienced mate displayed significantly more than remated males or males new to the area. This suggests a male's prior familiarity with an area and his neighbors does not lessen his display rate as was predicted under the territory defense hypothesis. Limited support for the territory defense hypothesis came from observations of males performing breeding displays with neighboring males along nest territory boundaries. This behavior was short-lived, however, as males abandoned nesting areas after pair-formation and used adjacent or disjointed feeding areas during egg-laying and incubation. Male aggression (i.e., aerial and ground chases), as opposed to breeding displays, appeared to be the principal means of maintaining territory boundaries. Indeed, the rate at which males chased other males remained fairly constant and high throughout the breeding season. Male chasing behavior may also serve as a paternity guard to protect against extra-pair copulations. Our study also found that a female's prior breeding experience in an area correlated with a reduced display rate by her mate, particularly if that mate was new to the area. This indicates female characteristics may not only drive nest initiation, as has been shown in other studies, but are important in determining the duration and extent of male display. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Austrian Acad Sci, Konrad Lorenz Inst Comparat Ethol, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. RP Lanctot, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Sandercock, Brett/L-1644-2016 OI Sandercock, Brett/0000-0002-9240-0268 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 350JJ UT WOS:000089097300002 ER PT J AU Cox, RR Afton, AD AF Cox, RR Afton, AD TI Predictable interregional movements by female Northern Pintails during winter SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; Gulf Coast; interregional movements; Mississippi Alluvial Valley; Northern Pintail; Oryza sativa; rice; Rice Prairie; winter ID SOUTHWESTERN LOUISIANA; BREEDING POPULATIONS; NUTRIENT RESERVES; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; CALIFORNIA; MALLARDS; DUCKS; HABITATS; SURVIVAL AB Factors influencing initiation of regional and interregional movements by nonbreeding ducks are poorly understood, especially during winter. During winters 1990-1991 through 1992-1993, we radiotagged 347 female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in southwestern Louisiana and monitored their movements to three regions: (1) the Gulf Coast Region of Louisiana and Texas (outside of southwestern Louisiana), (2) the Rice Prairie Region of Texas, and (3) the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. We found that adult females were 1.9 times more likely than were immatures to emigrate from southwestern Louisiana during winter. During winters 1980-1991 and 1991-1992, fe males were more likely to emigrate during stormy than during fair weather; whereas they were more likely to emigrate during fair weather in 1992-1993. Females were more likely to emigrate during duck-hunting seasons than during nonhunting seasons, regardless of weather. Daily emigration probabilities did not differ in relation to body condition when released (body mass adjusted for body size) or to number of previous emigration events. Each winter, large numbers of females consistently moved from the Gulf Coast Region to areas with abundant rice (Oryza sativa) agriculture within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. We conclude that destination of interregional movements hv this population of Northern Pintails is highly predictable, and that initiation of such movements is influenced by female age and long-term winter precipitation patterns in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Furthermore, timing of these movements is predictable, based not on calendar date, but rather on duck-hunting seasons and, usually, the environmental cues to habitat availability provided by stormy weather. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Cox, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 258 EP 269 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 350JJ UT WOS:000089097300011 ER PT J AU Flint, PL Grand, JB Morse, JA Fondell, TF AF Flint, PL Grand, JB Morse, JA Fondell, TF TI Late summer survival of adult female and juvenile Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE brood rearing; lead poisoning; predation; Somateria fischeri; Spectacled Eiders; survival ID WESTERN ALASKA; LEAD; DUCKLINGS; DUCKS AB We used radio-telemetry; to examine survival of adult female and juvenile Spectacled Elders (Somateria fischeri) from 30 days after hatch until departure from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) during 1997-1999. Juvenile survival was 71.4%; adult female survival was 85.5%. Mink (Mustella vison) were the most common predator identified for both adults and juveniles. Detectable levels of lead were found in bones of 74% of juvenile carcasses recovered and 21% had. levels indicative of acute exposure, Average age at departure was 59 +/- 1 days old for juveniles and 56 +/- 1 days after hatch for adults. Most broods (60.5%) departed the YKD synchronously. Overall our data indicate that mortality during the latter half of brood-rearing is higher than previously thought. We conclude that brood rearing is a period of high mortality for brood-rearing females and that lead poisoning is responsible for reductions in juvenile survival to fledging. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Cooperat Fisheries & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Flint, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 292 EP 297 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 350JJ UT WOS:000089097300016 ER PT J AU Morrison, RIG Gill, RE Harrington, BA Skagen, S Page, GW Gratto-Trevor, CL Haig, SM AF Morrison, RIG Gill, RE Harrington, BA Skagen, S Page, GW Gratto-Trevor, CL Haig, SM TI Population estimates of Nearctic shorebirds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE conservation; estimates; Nearctic; population size; shorebirds ID WESTERN SANDPIPERS; PACIFIC COAST; MIGRATION; ABUNDANCE; HABITATS; MORTALITY; WETLANDS; WINDOWS; WINTER; MEXICO AB Estimates are presented for the population sizes of 53 species of Nearctic shorebirds occurring regularly in North America, plus four species that breed occasionally. Shorebird population sizes were derived from data obtained by a variety of methods from breeding, migration and wintering areas, and formal assessments of accuracy of counts or estimates are rarely available. Accurate estimates exist only for a few species that have been the subject of detailed investigation, and the likely accuracy of most estimates is considered poor or low. Population estimates range from a few tens to several millions. Overall, population estimates most commonly fell in the range of hundreds of thousands, particularly the low hundreds of thousands; estimated population sizes for large shorebird species currently all fall below 500,000. Population size was inversely related to size (mass) of the species, with a statistically significant negative regression between log (population size) and log (mass). Two outlying groups were evident on the regression graph: one, with populations lower than predicted, included species considered either to be "at risk" or particularly hard to count, and a second, with populations higher than predicted, included two species that are hunted. Population estimates are an integral part of conservation plans being developed for shorebirds in the United States and Canada, and may be used to identify areas of key international and regional importance. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Manomet Ctr Conservat Sci, Manomet, MA 02345 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Morrison, RIG (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 100 Gamelin Blvd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. NR 75 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.2307/1522172 PG 16 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 394HY UT WOS:000166519000001 ER PT J AU Speckman, SG Springer, AM Piatt, JF Thomas, DL AF Speckman, SG Springer, AM Piatt, JF Thomas, DL TI Temporal variability in abundance of Marbled Murrelets at sea in Southeast Alaska SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE abundance; Brachyramphus marmoratus; censusing; Marbled Murrelet; populations; temporal variability; Southeast Alaska ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; ANCIENT MURRELETS; COLONY ATTENDANCE; FOOD-HABITS; MARINE; CALIFORNIA; TRENDS; WEBS AB We examined effects of season, time of day, tide stage, tidal oscillation, and sea surface temperature on Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) abundance and distribution at sea. We also evaluated whether constraining surveys to specific time periods or tide stages would reduce temporal variability in counts. Murrelets were surveyed daily from small boats and from shore in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August in 1992 and 1993. Murrelet numbers were high before egg-laying, declined by more than half during egg-laying and incubation and were highly variable during chick-rearing and fledging. Murrelet numbers were highest in early and late morning and declined throughout the day, sometimes increasing slightly in the evening. Peak murrelet numbers occurred on high or falling morning tides, especially in shallow areas where Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) were abundant. Differences between Bears in murrelet abundance and breeding phenology probably resulted from interannual differences in the pattern of seasonal warming and subsequent effects on production at lower trophic levels. We recommend that surveys for trends in abundance in Southeast Alaska be conducted. in early morning, in June, at high or falling tides. Power analyses indicated that surveys conducted in this manner would minimize the number of years required to detect a significant change in abundance. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Math Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Speckman, SG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM Speckman@apl.washington.edu NR 81 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 364 EP 377 DI 10.2307/1522174 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 394HY UT WOS:000166519000003 ER PT J AU Jodice, PGR Lanctot, RB Gill, VA Roby, DD Hatch, SA AF Jodice, PGR Lanctot, RB Gill, VA Roby, DD Hatch, SA TI Sexing adult Black-legged Kittiwakes by DNA, behavior, and morphology SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Black-legged Kittiwake; Rissa tridactyla; behavior; morphology; DNA; genetics ID EXTERNAL MEASUREMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; GULLS; BIRDS; IDENTIFICATION; COLONY AB We sexed adult Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) using DNA-based genetic techniques, behavior and morphology and compared results from these techniques. Genetic and morphology data were collected on 605 breeding kittiwakes and sex-specific behaviors were recorded for a sub-sample of 285 of these individuals. We compared sex classification based on both genetic and behavioral techniques for this sub-sample to assess the accuracy of the genetic technique. DNA-based techniques correctly sexed 97.2% and sex-specific behaviors, 96.5% of this sub-sample. We used the corrected genetic classifications from this sub-sample and the genetic classifications for the remaining birds, under the assumption they were correct, to develop predictive morphometric discriminant function models for all 605 birds. These models accurately predicted the sex of 78-96% of individuals examined, depending on the sample of birds used and the characters included. The most accurate single measurement for determining sex was length of head plus bill, which correctly classified 88% of individuals tested. When both members of a pair were measured, classification levels improved and approached the accuracy of both behavioral observations and genetic analyses. Morphometric techniques were only slightly less accurate than genetic techniques but were easier to implement in the field and less costly. Behavioral observations, while highly accurate, required that birds be easily observable during the breeding season and that birds be identifiable. As such, sex-specific behaviors may best be applied as a confirmation of sex for previously marked birds. All three techniques thus have the potential to be highly accurate, and the selection of one or more will depend on the circumstances of any particular field study. C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Jodice, PGR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.2307/1522177 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 394HY UT WOS:000166519000006 ER PT J AU Esler, D Bowman, TD O'Clair, CE Dean, TA McDonald, LL AF Esler, D Bowman, TD O'Clair, CE Dean, TA McDonald, LL TI Densities of Barrow's Goldeneyes during winter in prince william sound, Alaska in relation to habitat, food and history of oil contamination SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Barrow's Goldeneye; Bucephala islandica; density; Exxon Valdez oil spill; food; habitat; population recovery; Prince William Sound ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; BUCEPHALA-ISLANDICA; SPILL; SELECTION; IMPACT; BIRDS; DUCKS; SIZE AB We evaluated variation in densities of Barrow's Goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) during winter at 214 sites within oiled and unoiled study areas in Prince William Sound, Alaska in relation to physical habitat attributes, prey biomass, and history of habitat contamination by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Using general linear model analyses, we found that goldeneye densities were positively associated with occurrence of a stream within 200 m, lack of exposure to wind and waves, and mixed (versus rocky) substrate. We speculate that these associations relate to habitat profitability via selection of beneficial attributes and avoidance of detrimental features. We also determined that biomass of blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus), the primary prey was not related to Barrow's Goldeneye densities; we suggest that mussel standing stock exceeds predation demands in our study areas and, thus, does not dictate goldeneye distribution. After accounting for habitat effects, we detected no effect of history of oil contamination on Barrow's Goldeneye densities, suggesting that populations have recovered from the oil spill. Although other studies documented hydrocarbon exposure in Barrow's Goldeneyes through at least 1997, either the level of exposure did not affect populations via reductions in survival, or effects of oil exposure were offset by immigration. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Coastal Resources Associates Inc, Vista, CA 92083 USA. Western Ecosyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Esler, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0738-6028 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PY 2000 VL 23 IS 3 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.2307/1522179 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 394HY UT WOS:000166519000008 ER PT J AU Irving, DB Modde, T AF Irving, DB Modde, T TI Home-range fidelity and use of historic habitat by adult Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) in the White River, Colorado and Utah SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Colorado pikeminnow; Pytchocheilus lucius; migration; telemetry; home-range fidelity ID SQUAWFISH; GROWTH; BASIN AB Twelve wild adult Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), captured in the tailwaters of Taylor Draw Dam on the White River, Colorado, were implanted with radio transmitters and their movement patterns monitored from 1992 to 1994. The spawning migration of these fish was extensive. In 1993, the only full year of the study, the fish migrated an average of 658 km from the White River to spawning sites in the Yampa or Green rivers and back to the White River. Eight of these fish were translocated in the river upstream of the dam in April 1993. These fish and the 4 others below the dam remained in the river until May 1993. All 12 had migrated down the White River to spawning sites in the Green and Yampa rivers by July 1993. The fish that were located above the dam successfully passed over the dam during their downstream migration. Seven fish migrated upstream toward the Yampa River Canyon spawning site and 5 migrated downstream toward the Green River Desolation/ Gray Canyon spawning site. Five of 7 Yampa River fish were found at the spawning site. The other 2 were found 5-8 km downstream of the site. One of 5 Green River fish was found at the spawning site, the other 4 between 16 and 62 km upstream of the site. All fish migrated back to the White River by August 1993 and were found near the dam by October 1993. Two fish were recaptured and translocated above the dam in September 1993. Five fish were located below the dam and 2 above the dam in April 1994. By July 1994 seven of the same fish that had migrated toward the Yampa River in 1993 were found at the Yampa Canyon spawning site. At the same time, 3 of 5 fish that migrated toward the Green River in 1993 were found at the Desolation/Gray Canyon spawning site. This included 2 fish that had been found upstream of the site in 1993. The 12 fish traveled an average of 6 km d(-1) (range: 4-10 km d(-1)) during the migration period from May through October 1993. Generally, fish moved faster to the spawning site than back from the site to the White River. These fish moved very little within their home ranges in the White River. Six fish tagged in 1992 moved only 0.1-2.3 km in the tailwater reach below Taylor Draw Dam from September 1992 through April 1993. All fish, after their spawning runs, had moved up to or near the dam by October 1993. These fish were not tracked again until April 1994. Their movement patterns in April 1994 were similar to those observed in April 1993. The greatest amount of fish movement in the White River was displayed by the 8 fish placed above Taylor Draw Dam in April 1993 and the 2 placed in Kenney Reservoir in September 1993. They moved 1.1-40.6 km in the river before and after their spawning migration in spring and autumn 1993. These spawning migrations suggest that adult Colorado pikeminnow in the White River were recruited from both Green and Yampa river spawning populations and were presumably imprinted to these respective spawning sites. Those fish placed above Taylor Draw Dam established home ranges in habitats previously occupied by Colorado pikeminnow before the dam was completed. They remained there until they migrated downstream during the spawning period. Although we did not study fish passage, our study demonstrates that adult Colorado pikeminnow will use habitat if access is provided. Translocation of wild adult fish into historic but unoccupied habitats may be a valuable recovery option. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish & Wildlife Managemen Assistance Off, Roosevelt, UT 84066 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. RP Irving, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish & Wildlife Managemen Assistance Off, 855 E 200 N 112-13, Roosevelt, UT 84066 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 17 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2000 VL 60 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305AC UT WOS:000086515800002 ER PT J AU Shafroth, PB Stromberg, JC Patten, DT AF Shafroth, PB Stromberg, JC Patten, DT TI Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE groundwater; riparian habitat; Populus; Salix; Tamarix; Arizona; root distribution ID EASTERN SIERRA-NEVADA; TAMARIX-RAMOSISSIMA; GROUNDWATER DECLINE; SAN-PEDRO; ARIZONA; PHREATOPHYTES; ESTABLISHMENT; DROUGHT; POPLAR; GROWTH AB Woody riparian vegetation in western North American riparian ecosystems is commonly dependent on alluvial groundwater. Various natural and anthropogenic mechanisms can cause groundwater declines that tree riparian vegetation, but kittle quantitative information exists on the nature of plant response of Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingi, and Tamarix ramosissima saplings at 3 sites between 1995 and 1997 along the Bill Williams River, Arizona. At a site where the lowest observed groundwater level in 1996 (-1.97 m) was 1.11 m lower than that in 1995 (-0.86) table depths in 1996 (-2.55), but less change from the 1995 condition (0.55 m), showed less Populus and Salix mortality and increased basal area. Excavations of sapling roots suggest that root distribution is related to groundwater history. Therefore, a decline in water table relative to the condition under which roots develope may strand plant roots where they cannot obtain sufficient moisture. Plant response is likely mediated by other factors such as soil texture and stratigraphy, availability of precipitation-derived soil moisture, physiological and morphological adaptations to water stress, and tree age. An understanding of the relationships between water tables declines and plant response may enable land and water managers to avoid activities that are likely to stress desirable riparian vegetation. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Shafroth, PB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 36 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 30 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2000 VL 60 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 305AC UT WOS:000086515800006 ER PT B AU Kaye, RW AF Kaye, RW BE McCool, SF Cole, DN Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: An exploration of the meanings embodied in America's last great wilderness SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 2: WILDERNESS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF LARGER SYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div AB The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge has been the subject of more than 50 major studies investigating the bio-physical resources potentially threatened by oil development. This continuing project investigates the more elusive qualities at risk: the set of meanings this place holds for those who value it as wilderness. Findings indicate that these meanings may also be diminished or dispelled by the potential introduction of new technologies, public uses or management actions that leave no footprint, some as intangible as the mere naming of a mountain. A network of fourteen meanings is described to provide a framework for interpreting the wilderness experience visitors seek and discover here, and for understanding the refuge's emergence as a symbolic landscape of national significance. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Kaye, RW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 101 12th Ave,Room 236, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 2 IS 15 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99W UT WOS:000165332600009 ER PT B AU Czech, B AF Czech, B BE McCool, SF Cole, DN Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Economic growth, ecological economics, and wilderness preservation SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 2: WILDERNESS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF LARGER SYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID UNITED-STATES AB Economic growth is a perennial national goal. Perpetual economic growth and wilderness preservation are mutually exclusive. Wilderness scholarship has not addressed this conflict. The economics profession is unlikely to contribute to resolution, because the neoclassical paradigm holds that there is no Limit to economic growth. A corollary of the paradigm is that wilderness can be preserved in a perpetually growing economy. The alternative, ecological economics paradigm faces a formidable struggle for credibility in the policy arena. Wilderness scholars are encouraged to develop research programs that dovetail with ecological economics, and wilderness managers are encouraged to become conversant with macroeconomic policy implications. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 670, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 2 IS 15 BP 194 EP 200 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99W UT WOS:000165332600024 ER PT B AU Wright, RG Garrett, LK AF Wright, RG Garrett, LK BE McCool, SF Cole, DN Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI The evolution of wilderness wildlife research in North America SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 3: WILDERNESS AS A PLACE FOR SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID POPULATION; MOOSE; MANAGEMENT AB Most wildlife research in North America has focused on a standard suite of questions, asked of a limited assemblage of economically important species and studied using a relatively limited set of techniques, study site characteristics and narrow time-frames. We describe why these factors are not necessarily conducive to conducting wildlife research in wilderness settings. As a consequence, the amount of wildlife research conducted in wilderness settings has historically been small and limited primarily to wilderness-dependent species. We further describe the reasons for this, recent trends and the types of wildlife research questions that can best be addressed in wilderness settings. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Res Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wright, RG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS Biol Res Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM Gwright@uidaho.edu; Lgarrett@uidaho.edu NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2000 VL 3 IS 15 BP 50 EP 60 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99X UT WOS:000165332700006 ER PT B AU Brooks, ML AF Brooks, ML BE McCool, SF Cole, DN Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Does protection of desert tortoise habitat generate other ecological benefits in the Mojave Desert? SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 3: WILDERNESS AS A PLACE FOR SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div AB This paper summarizes the ecological effects of fenced habitat protection for the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area in the Mojave Desert. The following were higher inside than outside the natural area: (1) annual and perennial plant biomass, cover, diversity and dominance by natives, (2) soil seed biomass, (3) nocturnal rodent density and diversity, (4) breeding bird abundance and species richness, and (5) lizard abundance and species richness. The following were higher outside the natural area: (1) biomass of alien annual plants, and (2) abundance of black-tailed hares (Lepus californicus). Protection of habitat for the desert tortoise has resulted in higher abundance and diversity of many types of native plants and animals at this site. C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Stn, Box Springs Field Stn,41734 S Fork St, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 3 IS 15 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99X UT WOS:000165332700008 ER PT B AU Fagre, DB Peterson, DL AF Fagre, DB Peterson, DL BE McCool, SF Cole, DN Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Ecosystem dynamics and disturbance in mountain wildernesses: Assessing vulnerability of natural resources to change SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 3: WILDERNESS AS A PLACE FOR SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; WATERSHED SCALE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; USA; WASHINGTON; LANDSCAPES; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; OZONE AB An integrated program of ecosystem modeling and extensive field studies at Glacier and Olympic National Parks has quantified many of the ecological processes affected by climatic variability and disturbance. Models have successfully estimated snow distribution, annual watershed discharge, and stream temperature variation based on seven years of monitoring. Various climatic scenarios were applied with the models to examine potential future wilderness conditions. This modeling indicates that reduced net primary productivity and altered disturbance patterns can be expected in dry, east-side forest ecosystems in Montana and Washington under climatic warming. In addition, empirical studies show that climatic variability has strong teleconnections with tree growth and regeneration at annual to decadal scales, resulting in predictable, directional changes under different climatic scenarios. A transect of mountain bioregions from the Pacific Coast to the Rocky Mountains, which builds on past research, is determining how future climatic variability will affect wilderness in the context of regional ecosystem dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Fagre, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 3 IS 15 BP 74 EP 81 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99X UT WOS:000165332700009 ER PT B AU Loftin, CS Aicher, SB Kitchens, WM AF Loftin, CS Aicher, SB Kitchens, WM BE McCool, SF Cole, DN Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Effects of the Suwannee River sill on the hydrology of the Okefenokee Swamp: Application of research results in the environmental assessment process SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 3: WILDERNESS AS A PLACE FOR SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div AB The Okefenokee Swamp is a 200,000 ha palustrine, freshwater wetland in the southeastern United States managed as a National Wildlife Refuge and a National Wilderness Area. Wildfires frequently occur, modifying vegetation structure and creating the swamp landscape mosaic. Following extensive wildfires in 1954-1955, the Suwannee River was impounded by a dam (Suwannee River Sill) built outside the Wilderness Area but within the Refuge to exclude fire reoccurrence. By the late 1980s indications were that fire was not being excluded, although the swamp hydrology and vegetation suggested changes due to extended hydroperiod. The dam's effects were delineated with a spatial hydrology model and studies of 'species' hydrological sensitivities, and an Environmental Assessment considered the multiple uses and management goals to determine the best sill management alternative. C1 Univ Maine, USGS, BRD Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Loftin, CS (reprint author), Univ Maine, USGS, BRD Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 3 IS 15 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99X UT WOS:000165332700013 ER PT B AU Moore, PE Cole, DN van Wagtendonk, JW McClaran, MP McDougald, N AF Moore, PE Cole, DN van Wagtendonk, JW McClaran, MP McDougald, N BE Cole, DN McCool, SF Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Meadow response to pack stock grazing in the Yosemite Wilderness: Integrating research and management SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 5: WILDERNESS ECOSYSTEMS, THREATS, AND MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID IMPACT AB Management decisions on meadow preservation and allowable use are, ideally, based on scientific information that describes the relationship between levels of impact and levels of use. This information allows managers to provide the best protection of meadow systems while responding to demands for recreational use of mountain meadows. Monitoring and research activities can be coordinated to support management by gathering information on measurable levels of meadow use, meadow response to different levels of use and cause and effect relationships reflected in meadow response. Based on this information, wilderness managers can decide on the maximum acceptable impacts to meadows that still provide protection. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Moore, PE (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, POB 700, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 5 IS 15 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99Z UT WOS:000165332900016 ER PT B AU Keeley, JE Stephenson, NL AF Keeley, JE Stephenson, NL BE Cole, DN McCool, SF Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Restoring natural fire regimes to the Sierra Nevada in an era of global change SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 5: WILDERNESS ECOSYSTEMS, THREATS, AND MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GIANT SEQUOIA; VEGETATION CHANGES; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; TREE MORTALITY; WILDLAND FIRE; CALIFORNIA; HISTORY AB A conceptual model of fire and forest restoration and maintenance is presented. The process must begin with clearly articulated goals and depends upon derivation of science-driven models that describe the natural or desired conditions. Evaluating the extent to which contemporary landscapes depart from the model is a prerequisite to determining the need for restoration. Model landscapes that include the historical range of variability are commonly used as target conditions in setting restoration objectives. . Restoration is a corrective step that ultimately must be replaced by a maintenance process. In a world of changing climate, structural targets of historical conditions will become progressively less meaningful to ecosystem maintenance. Future fire management needs to focus more on fire as a process, in particular as it pertains to proper ecosystem functioning. One area in need of much further research is the critical role of gap formation in forest regeneration. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 15 BP 255 EP 265 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99Z UT WOS:000165332900029 ER PT B AU Corn, PS Knapp, RA AF Corn, PS Knapp, RA BE Cole, DN McCool, SF Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Fish stocking in protected areas: Summary of a workshop SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 5: WILDERNESS ECOSYSTEMS, THREATS, AND MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID MOUNTAIN LAKES; TROUT; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT AB Native and nonnative sport fish have been introduced into the majority of historically fishless lakes in wilderness, generating conflicts between managing wilderness as natural ecosystems and providing opportunities for recreation. Managers faced with controversial and difficult decisions about how to manage wilderness lakes may not always have ready access to research relevant to these decisions. To address this problem, and to expose scientists to the concerns and constraints of managers and wilderness users, a workshop was held in October 1998 at the Flathead Lake Biological Station in Poison, Montana. Participants included 43 scientists, state and federal managers, wilderness users and advocates and students. Four subject areas were addressed: federal, state, tribal and user perspectives, community and ecosystem effects, species effects and management recommendations. Papers from the workshop are being developed for an issue of the journal Ecosystems. C1 Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Corn, PS (reprint author), Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 5 IS 15 BP 301 EP 303 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99Z UT WOS:000165332900035 ER PT B AU Porter, EM AF Porter, EM BE Cole, DN McCool, SF Borrie, WT OLoughlin, J TI Air quality management in US fish and wildlife service wilderness areas SO WILDERNESS SCIENCE IN A TIME OF CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOL 5: WILDERNESS ECOSYSTEMS, THREATS, AND MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL MISSOULA, MT SP Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Arthur Carhart Natl Wilderness Training Ctr, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv Res, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Humboldt State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Natl Outdoor Leadership Sch, Natl Pk Serv, Parks Canada, SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Unin Montana, Sch Forestry, Wilderness Inst, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Geolog Survey, Biol Resources Div ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN DEPOSITION; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; PERSPECTIVES; MERCURY AB Proper management of air resources is vital to maintaining the wilderness character of an area. Air pollution can affect natural resources and has caused injury to vegetation, bioaccumulation of mercury in fish, eutrophication of coastal ecosystems and visibility impairment in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [FWS) wilderness areas. Sources of air pollution include power plants, incinerators, industry, automobiles, dust and fires. Emissions from these sources can be transported long distances and affect areas otherwise considered to be pristine. The FWS uses a combination of monitoring, special studies, participation in the regulatory process and review of new sources of air pollution in its air quality management strategy. C1 AIR, NPS, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Air Qual Branch, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Porter, EM (reprint author), AIR, NPS, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Air Qual Branch, POB 25287, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2000 VL 5 IS 15 BP 336 EP 340 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BQ99Z UT WOS:000165332900040 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Pipas, MJ Gruver, KS Allen, L AF Engeman, RM Pipas, MJ Gruver, KS Allen, L TI Monitoring coyote population changes with a passive activity index SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; SOUTHERN TEXAS AB A passive tracking index method that has been successfully applied to dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) in Australia was shown to have more general applicability to wild canids by monitoring coyote (Canis latrans) populations in southern Texas. The index was calculated simultaneously for multiple species of animals from observations on the number of intrusions onto a series of tracking plots over several days. We found that the index reflected changes in coyote activity before and after a trapping program on each of 2 ranches. We also were able to simultaneously monitor bobcat (Felis rufus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations, producing some interesting (and unexpected) insights. In our study area, we found it difficult to distinguish the number of rabbit and rodent intrusions into the plots, but these animals might be indexed in other habitats. Analyses of the data as binary responses (presence or absence of spoor on each tracking plot), as has been done in scent-post surveys, reduced the sensitivity and accuracy of inferences. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Robert Wicks Res Ctr, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 553 EP 557 DI 10.1071/WR98090 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 349YF UT WOS:000089072600014 ER PT J AU Bassett, WA Anderson, AJ Mayanovic, RA Chou, IM AF Bassett, WA Anderson, AJ Mayanovic, RA Chou, IM TI Modified hydrothermal diamond anvil cells for XAFS analyses of elements with low energy absorption edges in aqueous solutions at sub- and supercritical conditions SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURES; SCIENCES; AMBIENT; WATER; ZINC AB Two modifications of the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) have been made, the first for transmission XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) analyses and the second fur fluorescence XAFS analyses of elements with low absorption edge energies. In the first modification, laser-drilled holes in the diamond anvils reduce the X-ray path-length in diamond to 300 mum in order to minimize the attenuation of X-rays due to absorption and scatter. In the second modification, laser-machined cup and grooves in one of the diamond anvil faces reduces the X-ray path-length in diamond to 160 mum and permits a 90 degrees take-off angle. Both modifications can be used to obtain XAFS spectra on aqueous solutions of first-row transition elements as well as: rare earth elements at elevated temperatures and pressures. The second modification is capable of measurements on solutions of concentrations in parts per million (ppm) range. These techniques are being used fur carrying out experimental measurements valuable in the interpretation of fluid inclusions in minerals found in ore-forming hydrothermal systems as well as other important lithospheric processes involving water. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Geol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Bassett, WA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2000 VL 215 IS 12 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1524/zkri.2000.215.12.711 PG 7 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 389TG UT WOS:000166253400002 ER PT J AU Kuehler, C Lieberman, A Oesterle, P Powers, T Kuhn, M Kuhn, J Nelson, J Snetsinger, T Herrmann, C Harrity, P Tweed, E Fancy, S Woodworth, B Telfer, T AF Kuehler, C Lieberman, A Oesterle, P Powers, T Kuhn, M Kuhn, J Nelson, J Snetsinger, T Herrmann, C Harrity, P Tweed, E Fancy, S Woodworth, B Telfer, T TI Development of restoration techniques for Hawaiian thrushes: collection of wild eggs, artificial incubation, hand-rearing, captive-breeding, and re-introduction to the wild SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian restoration; captive propagation; conservation; recovery program ID BIRDS AB From 1995 to 1999, two species of endemic Hawaiian thrushes,'Oma'o (Myadestes obscurus) and Puaiohi (M. palmeri), were captive-reared and re-introduced into their historic range in Hawai'i by The Peregrine Fund, in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey-Biological Resources Division (BRD) and the Hawai'i State Department of Land and Natural Resources. This paper describes the management techniques that were developed (collection of wild eggs, artificial incubation, hand-rearing, captive propagation, and release) with the non-endangered surrogate species, the 'Oma'o; techniques that are now being used for recovery of the endangered Puaiohi. In 1995 and 1996, 29 viable 'Oma'o eggs were collected from the wild. Of 27 chicks hatched, 25 were hand-reared and released into Pu'u Wa'awa'a Wildlife Reserve. Using the techniques developed for the 'Oma'o, a captive propagation and release program was initiated in 1996 to aid the recovery of the endangered Puaiohi. Fifteen viable Puaiohi eggs were collected from the wild (1996-1997) to establish a captive breeding flock to produce birds for re-introduction. These Puaiohi reproduced for the first time in captivity in 1998 (total Puaiohi chicks reared in captivity 1996-1998 = 41). In 1999, 14 captive-bred Puaiohi were re-introduced into the Alakdi Swamp, Kaua'i. C1 Zool Soc San Diego, Peregrine Fund, Hawaiian Endangered Bird Conservat Program, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, HI USA. Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Lihue, HI USA. RP Kuehler, C (reprint author), Zool Soc San Diego, Peregrine Fund, Hawaiian Endangered Bird Conservat Program, POB 39, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 23 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1002/1098-2361(2000)19:4<263::AID-ZOO4>3.0.CO;2-G PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 371AW UT WOS:000165156300004 ER PT J AU Wolf, KN Wildt, DE Vargas, A Marinari, PE Ottinger, MA Howard, JG AF Wolf, KN Wildt, DE Vargas, A Marinari, PE Ottinger, MA Howard, JG TI Reproductive inefficiency in male blackfooted ferrets (Mustela nigripes) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; breeding; copulation; semen; mustelid ID BLACK-FOOTED FERRET; PUTORIUS-FURO; CONSERVATION; SECRETION; BIOLOGY AB The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), once considered extinct, has benefited from captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction into native habitat. A high proportion of females (>90%) exhibit estrus in captivity during the spring breeding season. However, many males considered to be prime-breeding age (1-3 years old) fail to sire offspring. Breeding records in 1995 revealed that 40 of 73 males (55%) managed under the Black-Footed Ferret Species Survival Plan did not reproduce, despite being provided opportunity. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence and etiology of male reproductive failure in 1996 and 1997. In 1996, 38 of 69 (55%) 1- to 3-year-old males failed to sire offspring. Likewise, 35 of 60 (58%) males did not reproduce in 1997. Overall, 21% of adult males failed to sire young in three consecutive breeding seasons (1995-1997). Electroejaculate traits (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and acrosomal integrity) from 29 proven breeder males were not different (P > 0.05) from those of 23 males that did not sire young (nonproven breeders). However, six categories of reproductive failure were identified for the 73 prime-breeding age, nonproven males: 1) underdeveloped testes (22%); 2) improper breeding position with the female (25%); 3) excessive aggression toward estrous females (9%); 4) copulation with no sperm detected at postcoital lavage (19%); 5) copulation with sperm in the vaginal lavage but no resulting pregnancy (18%); and 6) copulation with no vaginal lavage performed and no resulting pregnancy (7%). These data indicate that combined behavioral and physiologic factors, but not overall sperm quality, influence reproductive performance in male black-footed ferrets managed in captivity. Zoo Biol 19:517-528, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA USA. Univ Wyoming, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Black Footed Ferret Conservat Ctr, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Howard, JG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1002/1098-2361(2000)19:6<517::AID-ZOO4>3.0.CO;2-V PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 394MU UT WOS:000166528500004 ER PT J AU McMurtry, GM Herrero-Bervera, E Cremer, MD Smith, JR Resig, J Sherman, C Torresan, ME AF McMurtry, GM Herrero-Bervera, E Cremer, MD Smith, JR Resig, J Sherman, C Torresan, ME TI Stratigraphic constraints on the timing and emplacement of the Alika 2 giant Hawaiian submarine landslide SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Volcanism and Volcanic Hazards in Immature Intraplate Oceanic Islands CY SEP, 1997 CL LA PALMA, SPAIN DE Alika 2; tsunami; landslide ID DE-LA-FOURNAISE; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; NORTH; SEDIMENTS; DEPOSITION; OLDUVAI; REUNION; BLOCKS; ISLAND AB Previous work has found evidence for giant tsunami waves that impacted the coasts of Lanai, Molokai and other southern Hawaiian Islands, tentatively dated at 100 + and 200 + ka by U-series methods on uplifted coral clasts. Seafloor imaging and related work off Hawaii Island has suggested the Alika phase 2 debris avalanche as the source of the similar to 100 ka "giant wave deposits", although its precise age has been elusive. More recently, a basaltic sand bed in ODP site 842 (similar to 300 km west of Hawaii) estimated at 100 +/- 20 ka has been suggested to correlate with this or another large Hawaiian landslide. Our approach to the timing and linkage of giant submarine landslides and paleo-tsunami deposits is a derailed stratigraphic sun ey of pelagic deposits proximal to the landslide feature, beginning with a suite of seven piston, gravity and box cores collected in the vicinity of the Alika 2 slides. We used U-series dating techniques, including excess Th-230 and Pb-210 profiling, high-resolution paleomagnetic stratigraphy, including continuous, U-channel analysis, delta(18)O stratigraphy, visual and X-ray sediment lithology, and the petrology and geochemistry of the included turbidites and ash layers. Minimum ages for the Alika phase 2a slide from detailed investigation of two of the cores are 112 +/- 15 ka and 125 +/- 24 ka (2 sigma) based on excess Th-230 dating. A less precise age for the Alika phase 1 and/or South Kona slide is 242 +/- 80 lia (2 sigma), consistent with previous geological estimates. Oxygen isotope analyses of entrained planktonic foraminifera better constrain the Alika phase 2a maximum age at 127 +/- 5 ka, which corresponds to the beginning of the stage 5e interglacial period. It is proposed that triggering of these giant landslides may be related to climate change when wetter periods increase the possibility of groundwater intrusion and consequent phreatomagmatic eruptions of shallow magma chambers. Our study indicates the contemporaneity of the Alika giant submarine landslides and distal deposits from enormous turbidity currents as well as coral clasts reported to be tsunami deposits on Lanai and Molokai through direct dating and compositional analysis of the landslide deposits. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Marine & Coastal Geol Surveys, Menlo Park, CA 94024 USA. RP McMurtry, GM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 59 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD DEC 30 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(99)00097-9 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 297EL UT WOS:000086068900004 ER PT J AU Carleton, MD Fisher, RD Gardner, AL AF Carleton, MD Fisher, RD Gardner, AL TI Identification and distribution of cotton rats, genus Sigmodon (Muridae : Sigmodontinae), of Nayarit, Mexico SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID MUROID RODENTS; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; ZYGODONTOMYS; GROWTH AB Morphological, chromosomal, distributional, and ecological data are presented for three species of Sigmodon (S. alleni, S. arizonae, and S. mascotensis) from the state of Nayarit, Mexico. The species were collected in all possible pairwise combinations of sympatry, including the first record of such documented for S. arizonae and S. mascotensis. Emphasis is devoted to the discrimination of S. arizonae and S. mascotensis, from each other and from typical S. hispidus, using qualitative features of the skin and skull and morphometric analyses of craniodental measurements. Based on these results and examination of type specimens, additional synonyms of S. mascotensis are identified, with reassignment of two forms, tonalensis Bailey (1902) and obvelatus Russell (1952), currently mistaken as subspecies of S. hispidus. Sigmodon mascotensis emerges as a species distributed from southern Nayarit and Zacatecas to extreme western Chiapas, where it inhabits deciduous or semideciduous tropical vegetation having a pronounced dry season. These reallocations and other reidentifications remove any documentation for S. hispidus along the entire Pacific versant of Mexico. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Carleton, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X EI 1943-6327 J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 29 PY 1999 VL 112 IS 4 BP 813 EP 856 PG 44 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 273UZ UT WOS:000084727400019 ER PT J AU Luttrell, GR Echelle, AA Fisher, WL Eisenhour, DJ AF Luttrell, GR Echelle, AA Fisher, WL Eisenhour, DJ TI Declining status of two species of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Teleostei : Cyprinidae) in the Arkansas River Basin and related effects of reservoirs as barriers to dispersal SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIONS; STREAMS; MINNOW AB From 1991 to 1997, we made 323 seine collections at 187 sites to determine the distributional status of two species of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex, M. tetranema (Gilbert) and M. hyostoma (Gilbert), in the Arkansas River Basin. A total of 545 M. hyostoma and 112 M. tetranema were taken in 39 collecting visits to 30 sites. Our survey indicated that the endemic M. tetranema has been extirpated from about 90% of its historic range, whereas the more widespread M. hyostoma has been extirpated from about 55% of its former range in the basin. Approximate year of extirpation for six populations of M. hyostoma in major stream segments was significantly correlated with year-of-completion for reservoirs that would have prevented recolonization from existing populations. This is consistent with the hypothesis that extirpations resulted from disruption of previously existing source/sink relationships among populations. No such correlation was detected for extirpations of seven populations of M. tetranema. This result would be expected from the metapopulation model in which the now-extirpated populations of M. tetranema were self-sustaining except during unusually harsh conditions (e.g., droughts). This factor apparently explains recolonization of the Cimarron River by M. hyostoma subsequent to extirpation of both species of Macrhybopsis from this river. The recolonization was delayed by about 25 years, apparently because of reservoir habitat between the Cimarron River and the other major stream draining into the reservoir, the upper Arkansas River, where there was a persistent population of the species. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Morehead State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. RP Echelle, AA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM tony.echelle@okway.okstate.edu NR 41 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 17 PY 1999 IS 4 BP 981 EP 989 DI 10.2307/1447973 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 269NH UT WOS:000084484100012 ER PT J AU Cope, WG Bartsch, MR Rada, RG Balogh, SJ Rupprecht, JE Young, RD Johnson, DK AF Cope, WG Bartsch, MR Rada, RG Balogh, SJ Rupprecht, JE Young, RD Johnson, DK TI Bioassessment of mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the upper Mississippi river with zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-PHASE ETHYLATION; LAKE-ERIE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EMERGENT MAYFLIES; WATER; METALS; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINANTS; HEXAGENIA; POLLUTION AB Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were sampled from artificial substrates deployed from May 30 to October 19, 1995, at 19 locks and dams from Minneapolis, MN, to Muscatine, IA. Analyses of composite tissue samples of zebra mussels (10-20-mm length) revealed accumulation of mercury(Hg), cadmium (Cd), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during a 143-d exposure period. Concentrations of total Hg ranged from 2.6 to 6.1 ng/g wet weight and methylmercury (CH3Hg) from 1.0 to 3.3 ng/g wet weight. About 50% (range 30-70%) of the mean total Hg in zebra mussels was CH3Hg. Cadmium ranged from 76 to 213 ng/g wet weight. Concentrations of total PCBs (Aroclor 1254) in zebra mussels varied longitudinally (range 1000-7330 ng/g lipid weight), but the composition of PCB congeners (total of 21 measured) was similar throughout the river. Chlordane and dieldrin were the only two pesticides detected of the 15 analyzed. Zebra mussels are sentinels of contaminant bioavailability in the Upper Mississippi River and may be an important link in the trophic transfer of contaminants in the river because of their increasing importance in the diets of certain fish and waterfowl. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. Metropolitan Council, Environm Serv, St Paul, MN 55106 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Bartsch, Michelle/0000-0002-9571-5564 NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 24 BP 4385 EP 4390 DI 10.1021/es9902165 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 265PJ UT WOS:000084252300005 ER PT J AU Graham, WH Graham, DW Denoyelles, F Smith, VH Larive, CK Thurman, EM AF Graham, WH Graham, DW Denoyelles, F Smith, VH Larive, CK Thurman, EM TI Metolachlor and alachlor breakdown product formation patterns in aquatic field mesocosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; ACID METABOLITE; WATER; PESTICIDES; PROPACHLOR; HERBICIDES; AQUIFERS AB The transformation of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylpheny)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxy-methyl)acetamide] in aquatic systems was investigated using outdoor tank mesocosms. Metolachlor and alachlor levels and their ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanillic acid breakdown products were monitored over time under five experimental treatments (each in quadruplicate). Background water conditions were identical in all treatments with each treatment differing based on the level and type(s) of herbicide: present. Treatments included a no-herbicide central, 10 mu g/L metolachlor, 25 mu g/L metolachlor, 25 mu g/L alachlor, and 25 mu g/L alachlor plus 25 mu g/L metolachlor in combination. The experiment was initiated by adding herbicide(s) to the units to the target concentrations; herbicide and breakdown product levels and other chemical parameters were then monitored far 85 days. In general, metolachlor half-lives were longer than alachlor half-lives under all treatments, although the differences were not statistically significant. Metolachlor half-lives (+/-95% confidence limits) ranged from 33.0 d (+/-14.1 d) to 46.2 d (+/-40.0 d), whereas alachlor half-lives ranged from 18.7 d (+/-3.5 d) to 21.0 d (+/-6.5 d) for different treatments. Formation patterns of ESA were similar in all treatments, whereas oxanillic acid formation differed for the two herbicides. Alachlor oxanillic acid was produced in larger quantities than metolachlor oxanillic acid and either ESA under equivalent conditions. Our results suggest that the transformation pathways for alachlor and metolachlor in aquatic systems are similar and resemble the acetochlor pathway in soils proposed by Feng (Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 1991, 34, 136); however, the oxanillic acid branch of the pathway is favored for alachlor as compared with metolachlor. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Dev Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas Biol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Graham, DW (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Larive, Cynthia/E-4640-2012; OI Larive, Cynthia/0000-0003-3458-0771 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 24 BP 4471 EP 4476 DI 10.1021/es990686z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 265PJ UT WOS:000084252300018 ER PT J AU Gerlach, TM Doukas, MP McGee, KA Kessler, R AF Gerlach, TM Doukas, MP McGee, KA Kessler, R TI Airborne detection of diffuse carbon dioxide emissions at Mammoth Mountain, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO2 EMISSION AB We report the first airborne detection of CO2 degassing from diffuse volcanic sources. Airborne measurement of diffuse CO2 degassing offers a rapid alternative for monitoring CO2 emission rates at Mammoth Mountain. CO2 concentrations, temperatures, and barometric pressures were measured at similar to 2,500 GPS-referenced locations during a one-hour, eleven-orbit survey of air around Mammoth Mountain at similar to 3 km from the summit and altitudes of 2,895-3,657 m. A volcanic CO2 anomaly 4-5 km across with CO2 levels similar to 1 ppm above background was revealed downwind of tree-kill areas. It contained a 1-km core with concentrations exceeding background by >3 ppm. Emission rates of similar to 250 t d(-1) are indicated. Orographic winds may play a key role in transporting the diffusely degassed CO2 upslope to elevations where it is lofted into the regional wind system. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. RP Gerlach, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 5400 MacArthur Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 24 BP 3661 EP 3664 DI 10.1029/1999GL008388 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 271JQ UT WOS:000084590800021 ER PT J AU Peters, NE Cerny, J Havel, M Krejci, R AF Peters, NE Cerny, J Havel, M Krejci, R TI Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE long-term trends; seasonality; forest die-back; acidification; acid deposition; sulfate; nitrate; hydrological pathways; liming ID SURFACE WATERS; MID-WALES; ACIDIFICATION; NITROGEN; QUALITY; THROUGHFALL; ECOSYSTEMS; CATCHMENTS; MOUNTAINS; RECOVERY AB The Krusne hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been: heavily; affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long-term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977-1996) and stream water (1977-1998) in a forested area on the south-eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume-weighted Ca2+ and SO42- concentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume-weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H+. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H+ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and NO3-, were highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die-back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the:filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca2+ concentrations occurred after 1995 and may be due to the depletion of Ca2+, which was provided by catchment liming in 1986, 1988 and 1989. Solute flux trends in bulk atmospheric deposition and stream water generally were not significant and the lack of trend is attributed to the large interannual variability in precipitation quantity and-runoff, respectively. All solutes except Na+ varied seasonally. The average seasonal concentrations varied between the solutes, but for most solutes were highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer, correlating with the seasonal trend in runoff. For Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-, the concentration minimum occurs in September and the maximum occurs in February or March, correlating with the seasonal baseflow. These solutes;are primarily controlled by the contribution of soil water and groundwater to stream flow. During snowmelt, the meltwater generally causes concentrations to decrease as soil water and groundwater are diluted. For NO3, average minimum concentrations occur in August at the end of the growing season concurrent with the lowest stream flow, and the maximum occurs in February and March with high stream flow during snowmelt. Seasonal: stream water NO3- concentration variations are large compared with the long-term decrease. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Peters, NE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 130,3039 Amwiler Rd, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RI Krejci, Radovan/L-3257-2013 OI Krejci, Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 17 BP 2721 EP 2741 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 273BJ UT WOS:000084686600006 ER PT J AU Cozzarelli, IM Herman, JS Baedecker, MJ Fischer, JM AF Cozzarelli, IM Herman, JS Baedecker, MJ Fischer, JM TI Geochemical heterogeneity of a gasoline-contaminated aquifer SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE geochemical heterogeneity; aquifer; hydrocarbons ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PYRITE FORMATION; EARLY DIAGENESIS; GROUNDWATER; DENITRIFICATION; BIODEGRADATION; IRON; SAND; VARIABILITY AB The scale of biogeochemical reactions was studied in a physically and chemically heterogeneous surficial Coastal Plain aquifer contaminated by a gasoline spill. The physical heterogeneity of the aquifer is manifested in two hydrologic units, a shallow local aquifer of perched water and a regional sandy aquifer. Over the studied vertical interval of 21.3 ft (6.5 m), concentrations of reactive sixties varied by orders of magnitude, and the impact of biodegradation,was expressed to widely varying degrees. A thin (3 ft thick) section of the perched-water zone was the most contaminated; total aromatic hydrocarbons were as high as 19.4 mg/l, Hydrocarbons were degraded by microbially mediated reactions that varied over short vertical distances and time. Anaerobic processes dominated within the low-permeability clay unit, whereas in the more permeable sandy layers nitrate reduction and aerobic degradation occurred. Hydrocarbons were more persistent over time in the low-permeability layer due to the limited availability of electron accepters for degradation. The microbial degradation of hydrocarbons was-linked to sulfate and iron reduction in the clay unit and led to alterations in the aquifer solids; electron microscopy revealed the presence of FeS minerals encrusting primary aquifer grains. High concentrations of Fe2+ in groundwater, up to 34.5 mg/l, persist in kinetic disequilibrium in the presence of elevated H2S levels of 1.0 mg/l. Assessment of aquifer heterogeneities and groundwater contamination was possible due to sample discrimination at a scale of approximately 2 ft (similar to 0.6 m), a much finer resolution than is attempted in many remedial investigations of polluted aquifers. The information obtained in this type of study is essential to the development of models capable of estimating the fate of hydrocarbons at a site scale. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Cozzarelli, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Cozzarelli, Isabelle/0000-0002-5123-1007 NR 52 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 261 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(99)00050-9 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 261AL UT WOS:000083985600004 ER PT J AU Priscu, JC Adams, EE Lyons, WB Voytek, MA Mogk, DW Brown, RL McKay, CP Takacs, CD Welch, KA Wolf, CF Kirshtein, JD Avci, R AF Priscu, JC Adams, EE Lyons, WB Voytek, MA Mogk, DW Brown, RL McKay, CP Takacs, CD Welch, KA Wolf, CF Kirshtein, JD Avci, R TI Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PCR AB Data from ice 3590 meters below Vostok Station indicate that the ice was accreted from liquid water associated with Lake Vostok. Microbes were observed at concentrations ranging from 2.8 x 10(3) to 3.6 x 10(4) cells per milliliter; no biological incorporation of selected organic substrates or bicarbonate was detected. Bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA genes revealed Low diversity in the gene population. The phylotypes were closely related to extant members of the alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria and the Actinomycetes. Extrapolation of the data from accretion ice to Lake Vostok implies that Lake Vostok may support a microbial population, despite more than 10(6) years of isolation from the atmosphere. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Priscu, JC (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 24 TC 233 Z9 258 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5447 BP 2141 EP 2144 DI 10.1126/science.286.5447.2141 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264AK UT WOS:000084157300047 PM 10591642 ER PT J AU Stein, RS AF Stein, RS TI The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; STATIC STRESS; LANDER EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE STRESS; CALIFORNIA; SEISMICITY; AFTERSHOCKS; SEQUENCE; SHADOWS; JAPAN AB An earthquake alters the shear and normal stress on surrounding faults. New evidence strengthens the hypothesis that such small, sudden stress changes cause large changes in seismicity rate. Rates climb where the stress increases (aftershocks) and fall where the stress drops. Both increases and decreases in seismicity rate are followed by a time-dependent recovery. When stress change is translated into probability change, seismic hazard is seen to be strongly influenced by earthquake interaction. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Stein, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 46 TC 713 Z9 788 U1 8 U2 72 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 9 PY 1999 VL 402 IS 6762 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.1038/45144 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 264PC UT WOS:000084189800052 ER PT J AU Brown, GK MacCarthy, P Leenheer, JA AF Brown, GK MacCarthy, P Leenheer, JA TI Simultaneous determination of Ca, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd binding strengths with fulvic acid fractions by Schubert's method SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE SRFA; Schubert's ion-exchange method; metal binding ID STABILITY-CONSTANTS; COMPLEXES; COORDINATION; EUROPIUM; SITES; RIVER; MODE; IRON AB The equilibrium binding of Ca2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ with unfractionated Suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA) and an enhanced metal binding subfraction of SRFA was measured using Schubert's ion-exchange method at pH 6.0 and at an ionic strength (mu) of 0,1 (NaNO3). The fractionation and subfractionation were directed towards obtaining an isolate with an elevated metal binding capacity or binding strength as estimated by Cu2+ potentiometry (ISE), Fractions were obtained by stepwise eluting an XAD-g column loaded with SRFA with water eluents of pH 1.0 to pH 12.0. Subfractions were obtained by loading the fraction eluted from XAD-8 at pH 5.0 onto a silica gel column and eluting with solvents of increasing polarity. Schuberts ion exchange method was rigorously tested by measuring simultaneously the conditional stability constants (K) of citric acid complexed with the five metals at pH 3.5 and 6.0. The log K of SRFA with Ca2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ determined simultaneously at pH 6.0 follow the sequence of Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+ > Ca2+ while all log K values increased for the enhanced metal binding subfraction and followed a different sequence of Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Ca2+ > Ni2+, Zn2+. Both fufvic acid samples and citric acid exhibited a 1 : 1 metal to ligand stochiometry under the relatively low metal loading conditions used here, Quantitative C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed increases in aromaticity and ketone content and decreases in aliphatic carbon for the elevated metal binding fraction while the carboxyl carbon, and elemental nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur content did not change. The more polar, elevated metal binding fraction did show a significant increase in molecular weight over the unfractionated SRFA. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Arvada, CO 80002 USA. RP Brown, GK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 3 PY 1999 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00530-9 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 261DZ UT WOS:000083994600022 ER PT J AU Brown, GK Cabaniss, SE MacCarthy, P Leenheer, JA AF Brown, GK Cabaniss, SE MacCarthy, P Leenheer, JA TI Cu(II) binding by a pH-fractionated fulvic acid SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE copper; fulvic acid; binding; DOM; fractionation; equilibrium ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; AFFINITY DISTRIBUTIONS; COPPER-BINDING; SUWANNEE RIVER; COMPLEXATION; MODEL AB The relationship between acidity, Cu(II) binding and sorption to XAD resin was examined using Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA). The work was based on the hypothesis that fractions of SRFA eluted from an XAD column at various pH's from 1.0 to 12.0 would show systematic variations in acidity and possibly aromaticity which in turn would lead to different Cu(II) binding properties. We measured equilibrium Cu(II) binding to these fractions using Cu2+ ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry at pH 6.0. Several model Ligands were also examined, including cyclopentane-l,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (CP-TCA) and tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THF-TCA), the latter binding Cu(II) much more strongly as a consequence of the ether linkage. The SRFA Cu(II) binding properties agreed with previous work at high ionic strength, and binding was enhanced substantially at lower ionic strength, in agreement with Poisson-Boltzmann predictions for small spheres, Determining Cu binding constants (K-i) by non-linear regression with total ligand concentrations (L-(Ti)) taken from previous work, the fractions eluted at varying pH had K-i similar to the unfractionated SRFA, with a maximum enhancement of 0.50 log units, We conclude that variable-pH elution from XAD does not isolate significantly strong (or weak) Cu(II)-binding components from the SRFA mixture. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. US Geol Survey, Arvada, CO 80002 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cabaniss, SE (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 3 PY 1999 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(99)00521-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 261DZ UT WOS:000083994600023 ER PT J AU Shedlock, KM AF Shedlock, KM TI Seismic hazard map of North and Central America and the Caribbean SO ANNALI DI GEOFISICA LA English DT Article DE seismic hazard assessment; North America; earthquakes; UN/IDNDR ID EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; RECORDS AB Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. National, state, and local governments, decision makers, engineers, planners, emergency response organizations, builders, universities, and the general public require seismic hazard estimates for land use planning, improved building design and construction (including adoption of building construction codes), emergency response preparedness plans, economic forecasts, housing and employment decisions, and many more types of risk mitigation. The seismic hazard map of North and Central America and the Caribbean is the concatenation of various national and regional maps, involving a suite of approaches. The combined maps and documentation provide a useful regional seismic hazard framework and serve as a resource for any national or regional agency for further detailed studies applicable to their needs. This seismic hazard map depicts Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years. PGA, a short-period ground motion parameter that is proportional to force, is the most commonly mapped ground motion parameter because current building codes that include seismic provisions specify the horizontal force a building should be able to withstand during an earthquake. This seismic hazard map of North and Central America and the Caribbean depicts the likely level of short-period ground motion from earthquakes in a fifty-year window. Short-period ground motions effect short-period structures (e.g., one-to-two story buildings). The highest seismic hazard values in the region generally occur in areas that have been, or are likely to be, the sites of the largest plate boundary earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Shedlock, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0365-2556 J9 ANN GEOFIS JI Ann. Geofis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 977 EP 997 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276WL UT WOS:000084901300003 ER PT J AU Zhang, PZ Yang, ZX Gupta, HK Bhatia, SC Shedlock, KM AF Zhang, PZ Yang, ZX Gupta, HK Bhatia, SC Shedlock, KM TI Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) in continental Asia SO ANNALI DI GEOFISICA LA English DT Article DE seismic hazard assessment; continental Asia; historical earthquakes; China; UN/IDNDR ID CENOZOIC TECTONICS; MOMENT ASSESSMENT; TIEN-SHAN; ACTIVE TECTONICS; TIBETAN PLATEAU; EARTHQUAKES; REGIONS; DEFORMATION; PARAMETERS; MAGNITUDE AB The regional hazard mapping for the whole Eastern Asia was coordinated by the SSB Regional Centre in Beijing, originating from the expansion of the test area initially established in the border region of China-India-Nepal-Myanmar-Bangla Dash, in coordination with the other Regional Centres (JIPE, Moscow, and AGSO, Canberra) and with the direct assistance of the USGS. All Eastern Asian countries have participated directly in this regional effort, with the addition of Japan, for which an existing national hazard map was incorporated. The regional hazard depicts the expected peak ground acceleration with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years. C1 China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. China Seismol Bur, Inst Crustal Dynam, Beijing, Peoples R China. Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. USGS, Golden, CO USA. RP China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM peizhen@public3.bta.net.cn NR 86 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1590-1815 J9 ANN GEOFIS JI Ann. Geofis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1167 EP 1190 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276WL UT WOS:000084901300015 ER PT J AU Shedlock, KM Tanner, JG AF Shedlock, KM Tanner, JG TI Seismic hazard map of the western hemisphere SO ANNALI DI GEOFISICA LA English DT Article DE seismic hazard assessment; North-South America; earthquakes; UN/IDNDR AB Vulnerability to natural disasters increases with urbanization and development of associated support systems (reservoirs, power plants, etc.). Catastrophic earthquakes account for 60% of worldwide casualties associated with natural disasters. Economic damage from earthquakes is increasing, even in technologically advanced countries with some level of seismic zonation, as shown by the 1989 Loma Prieta, CA ($ 6 billion), 1994 Northridge, CA ($ 25 billion), and 1995 Kobe, Japan (> $ 100 billion) earthquakes. The growth of megacities in seismically active regions around the world often includes the construction of seismically unsafe buildings and infrastructures, due to an insufficient knowledge of existing seismic hazard. Minimization of the loss of life, property damage, and social and economic disruption due to earthquakes depends on reliable estimates of seismic hazard. National, state, and local governments, decision makers, engineers, planners, emergency response organizations, builders, universities, and the general public require seismic hazard estimates for land use planning, improved building design and construction (including adoption of building construction codes), emergency response preparedness plans, economic forecasts, housing and employment decisions, and many more types of risk mitigation. The seismic hazard map of the Americas is the concatenation of various national and regional maps, involving a suite of approaches. The combined maps and documentation provide a useful global seismic hazard framework and serve as a resource for any national or regional agency for further detailed studies applicable to their needs. This seismic hazard map depicts Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years for the western hemisphere. PGA. a short-period ground motion parameter that is proportional to force, is the most commonly mapped ground motion parameter because current building codes that include seismic provisions specify the horizontal force a building should be able to withstand during an earthquake. This seismic hazard map of the Americas depicts the likely level of short-period ground motion from earthquakes in a fifty-year window. Short-period ground motions effect short-period structures (e.g., one-to-two story buildings). The largest seismic hazard values in the western hemisphere generally occur in areas that have been, or are likely to be, the sires of the largest plate boundary earthquakes. Although the largest earthquakes ever recorded are the 1960 Chile and 1964 Alaska subduction zone earthquakes. the largest seismic hazard (PGA) value in the Americas is in Southern California (U.S.), along the San Andreas fault. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Shedlock, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0365-2556 J9 ANN GEOFIS JI Ann. Geofis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1214 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276WL UT WOS:000084901300017 ER PT J AU Giardini, D Grunthal, G Shedlock, KM Zhang, PZ AF Giardini, D Grunthal, G Shedlock, KM Zhang, PZ TI The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map SO ANNALI DI GEOFISICA LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; global seismicity; seismic hazard assessment; seismic risk; UN/IDNDR AB The Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), a demonstration project of the UN/International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction, was conducted in the 1992-1998 period with the goal of improving global standards in seismic hazard assessment. The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map has been compiled by joining the regional maps produced for different GSHAP regions and test areas; it depicts the global seismic hazard as Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to a return period of 475 years. C1 ETH Zurich, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Giardini, D (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Chair Seismol & Geodynam, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Giardini, Domenico/F-5406-2011 NR 7 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0365-2556 J9 ANN GEOFIS JI Ann. Geofis. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1225 EP 1230 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276WL UT WOS:000084901300019 ER PT J AU Redman, RS Litvintseva, A Sheehan, KB Henson, JM Rodriguez, RJ AF Redman, RS Litvintseva, A Sheehan, KB Henson, JM Rodriguez, RJ TI Fungi from geothermal soils in Yellowstone National Park SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DACTYLARIA; DIVERSITY AB Geothermal soils near Amphitheater Springs in Yellowstone National Park were characterized by high temperatures (up to 70 degrees C), high heavy metal content, low pH values (down to pH 2.7), sparse vegetation, and limited organic carbon. From these soils we cultured 16 fungal species. Two of these species were thermophilic, and six were thermotolerant. We cultured only three of these species from nearby cool (0 to 22 degrees C) soils. Transect studies revealed that higher numbers of CFUs occurred in and below the root zone of the perennial plant Dichanthelium lanuginosum (hot springs panic grass). The dynamics of fungal CFUs in geothermal soil and nearby nongeothermal soil were investigated for 12 months by examining soil cores and in situ mesocosms. For all of the fungal species studied, the temperature of the soil from which the organisms were cultured corresponded with their optimum axenic growth temperature. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Washington, USGS BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Henson, JM (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 109 Lewis Hall,POB 173520, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 65 IS 12 BP 5193 EP 5197 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 261XV UT WOS:000084036800001 PM 10583964 ER PT J AU McKnight, DM Niyogi, DK Alger, AS Bomblies, A Conovitz, PA Tate, CM AF McKnight, DM Niyogi, DK Alger, AS Bomblies, A Conovitz, PA Tate, CM TI Dry valley streams in Antarctica: Ecosystems waiting for water SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; DESICCATION; MATS C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80223 USA. RP McKnight, DM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 39 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 1999 VL 49 IS 12 BP 985 EP 995 DI 10.2307/1313732 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 260GL UT WOS:000083941100010 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Pavlis, G Bodin, P AF Gomberg, J Pavlis, G Bodin, P TI The strain in the array is mainly in the plane (Waves below similar to 1 Hz) SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC DEFORMATIONS; SHALLOW SEDIMENTS; NORTHRIDGE; EARTHQUAKE; CALIFORNIA; VALLEY; MEXICO AB We compare geodetic and single-station methods of measuring dynamic deformations and characterize their causes in the frequency bands 0.5-1.0 Hz and 4.0-8.0 Hz. The geodetic approach utilizes data from small-aperture seismic arrays, applying techniques from geodesy. It requires relatively few assumptions and a priori information. The single-station method uses ground velocities recorded at isolated or single stations and assumes all the deformation is due to plane-wave propagation. It also requires knowledge of the azimuth and horizontal velocity of waves arriving at the recording station. Data employed come from a small-aperture, dense seismic array deployed in Geyokcha, Turkmenistan, and include seismograms recorded by broadband STS2 and short-period L28 sensors. Poor agreement between geodetic and single-station estimates in the 4.0-8.0 Hz passband indicates that the displacement held may vary nonlinearly with distance over distances of similar to 50 m. STS2 geodetic estimates provide a robust standard in the 0.5-1.0 Hz passband because they appear to be computationally stable and require fewer assumptions than single-station estimates. The agreement between STS2 geodetic estimates and single-station L28 estimates is surprisingly good for the S-wave and early surface waves, suggesting that the single-station analysis should be useful with commonly available data. These results indicate that, in the 0.5 to 1.0 Hz passband, the primary source of dynamic deformation is plane-wave propagation along great-circle source-receiver paths. For later arriving energy, the effects of scattering become important. The local structure beneath the array exerts a strong control on the geometry of the dynamic deformation, implying that it may be difficult to infer source characteristics of modern or paleoearthquakes from indicators of dynamic deformations. However, strong site control also suggests that the dynamic deformations may be predictable, which would be useful for engineering seismically resistant structures. C1 Univ Memphis, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), Univ Memphis, US Geol Survey, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1428 EP 1438 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PP UT WOS:000084886800003 ER PT J AU Ramelli, AR Bell, JW dePolo, CM Yount, JC AF Ramelli, AR Bell, JW dePolo, CM Yount, JC TI Large-magnitude, Late Holocene earthquakes on the Genoa fault, west-central Nevada and eastern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The Genoa fault, a principal normal fault of the transition zone between the Basin and Range Province and the northern Sierra Nevada, displays a large and conspicuous prehistoric scarp. Three trenches excavated across this scarp exposed two large-displacement, late Holocene events. Two of the trenches contained multiple layers of stratified charcoal, yielding radiocarbon ages suggesting the most recent and penultimate events on the main part of the fault occurred 500-600 cal B.P., and 2000-2200 cal B.P., respectively. Normal-slip offsets of 3-5.5 m per event along much of the rupture length are comparable to the largest historical Basin and Range Province earthquakes, suggesting these paleoearthquakes were on the order of magnitude 7.2-7.5. The apparent late Holocene slip rate (2-3 mm/yr) is one of the highest in the Basin and Range Province. Based on structural and behavioral differences, the Genoa fault is here divided into four principal sections (the Sierra, Diamond Valley, Carson Valley, and Jacks Valley sections) and is distinguished from three northeast-striking faults in the Carson City area (the Kings Canyon, Carson City, and Indian I-till faults). The conspicuous scarp extends for nearly 25 km, the combined length of the Carson Valley and Jacks Valley sections. The Diamond Valley section lacks the conspicuous scarp, and older alluvial fans and bedrock outcrops on the downthrown side of the fault indicate a lower activity rate. Activity further decreases to the south along the Sierra section, which consists of numerous distributed faults. All three northeast-striking faults in the Carson City area ruptured within the past few thousand years, and one or more may have ruptured during recent events on the Genoa fault. C1 Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ramelli, AR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, MS 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1458 EP 1472 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PP UT WOS:000084886800006 ER PT J AU Liberty, LM Trehu, AM Blakely, RJ Dougherty, ME AF Liberty, LM Trehu, AM Blakely, RJ Dougherty, ME TI Integration of high-resolution seismic and aeromagnetic data for earthquake hazards evaluations: An example from the Willamette Valley, Oregon SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Aeromagnetic and high-resolution seismic reflection data were integrated to place constraints on the history of seismic activity and to determine the continuity of the possibly active, yet largely concealed Mount Angel fault in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. Recent seismic activity possibly related to the 20-km-long fault includes a swarm of small earthquakes near Woodburn in 1990 and the magnitude 5.6 Scotts Mills earthquake in 1993. Newly acquired aeromagnetic data show several large northwest-trending anomalies, including one associated with the Mount Angel fault. The magnetic signature indicates that the fault may actually extend 70 km across the Willamette Valley to join the Newberg and Gales Creek faults in the Oregon Coast Range. We collected 24-fold high-resolution seismic reflection data along two transects near Woodburn, Oregon, to image the offset of the Miocene-age Columbia River Basalts (CRB) and overlying sediments at and northwest of the known mapped extent of the Mount Angel fault. The seismic data show a 100-200-m offset in the CRB reflector at depths from 300 to 700 m. Folded or offset sediments appear above the CRB with decreasing amplitude to depths as shallow as were imaged (approximately 40 m). Modeling experiments based on the magnetic data indicate, however, that the anomaly associated with the Mount Angel fault is not caused solely by an offset of the CRB and overlying sediments. Underlying magnetic sources, which we presume to be volcanic rocks of the Siletz terrane, must have vertical offsets of at least 500 m to fit the observed data. We conclude that the Mount Angel fault appears to have been active since Eocene age and that the Gales Creek, Newberg, and Mount Angel faults should be considered a single potentially active fault system. This fault, as well as other parallel northwest-trending faults in the Willamette Valley, should be considered as risks for future potentially damaging earthquakes. C1 Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Satellite Beach, FL 32937 USA. RP Liberty, LM (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1483 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PP UT WOS:000084886800007 ER PT J AU Hartzell, S Harmsen, S Frankel, A Larsen, S AF Hartzell, S Harmsen, S Frankel, A Larsen, S TI Calculation of broadband time histories of ground motion: Comparison of methods and validation using strong-ground motion from the 1994 Northridge earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTIONS; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; NONLINEAR SOIL RESPONSE; STOCHASTIC FAULT MODEL; SAN-FERNANDO VALLEY; SEISMIC-WAVES; SITE-RESPONSE; FINITE-FAULT; S-WAVE; CALIFORNIA AB This article compares techniques for calculating broadband time histories of ground motion in the near field of a finite fault by comparing synthetics with the strong-motion data set for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Based on this comparison, a preferred methodology is presented. Ground-motion-simulation techniques are divided into two general methods: kinematic- and composite-fault models. Green's functions of three types are evaluated: stochastic, empirical, and theoretical. A hybrid scheme is found to give the best fit to the Northridge data. Low frequencies (< 1 Hz) are calculated using a kinematic-fault model and a 3D finite-difference code to propagate energy through a realistic 3D velocity structure. High frequencies (> 1 Hz) are calculated using a composite-fault model with a fractal subevent size distribution and stochastic, bandlimited, white-noise Green's functions, At frequencies below 1 Hz, theoretical elastic-wave-propagation synthetics introduce proper seismic-phase arrivals of body waves and surface waves. The 3D velocity structure more accurately reproduces record durations for the deep sedimentary basin structures found in the Los Angeles region. At frequencies above I Hz, scattering effects become important and wave propagation is more accurately represented by stochastic Green's functions. A fractal subevent size distribution for the composite fault model ensures an omega(-2) spectral shape over the entire frequency band considered (0.1-20 Hz). C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hartzell, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046 MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 92 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 14 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1484 EP 1504 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PP UT WOS:000084886800008 ER PT J AU Catchings, RD AF Catchings, RD TI Regional Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs, and Poisson's ratios across earthquake source zones from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; COLUMBIA PLATEAU; CENTRAL NEVADA; RIFT; TECTONICS; BASIN; RANGE AB Models of P- and S-wave velocity, Vp/Vs ratios, Poisson's ratios, and density for the crust and upper mantle are presented along a 400-km-long profile trending from Memphis, Tennessee, to St. Louis, Missouri. The profile crosses the New Madrid seismic zone and reveals distinct regional variations in the crustal velocity structure north and south of the latitude of New Madrid. In the south near Memphis, the upper few kilometers of the crust are dominated by upper crustal sedimentary basins or graben with P-wave velocities less than 5 km/sec and S-wave velocities of about 2 km/sec. P-wave velocities of the upper and middle crust range from 6.0 to 6.5 km/sec at depths above 25 km, and corresponding S-wave velocities range from 3.5 to 3.7 km/sec. The lower crust consists of a high-velocity layer (Vp = 7.4 km/sec; Vs similar to 4.2 km/sec) that is up to 20-km thick at the latitude of New Madrid but thins to about 15 km near Memphis. To the north, beneath the westernmost Illinois basin, low-velocity (Vp < 5 km/sec; Vs < 2.3 km/sec) sedimentary basins are less than I-km deep. The average velocities (Vp 6.0 km/sec; Vs = 3.5 km/sec) of the underlying, near-surface rocks argue against large thicknesses of unconsolidated or noncarbonate sediments within 50 km of the western edge of the Illinois basin. Most of the crust beneath the Illinois basin is modeled as one layer, with velocities up to 6.8 km/sec (Vs = 3.7 km/sec) at 37-km depth. The thick, high-velocity (Vp = 7.4 km/sec; Vs similar to 4.2 km/sec) lower crustal layer thins from about 20 km near New Madrid to about 6 km beneath the western Illinois basin. Refractions from the Moho and upper mantle occur as first arrivals over distances as a great as 160 km and reveal upper mantle layering to 60 km depth. Upper mantle layers with P-wave velocities of 8.2 km/sec (Vs = 4.5 km/sec) and 8.4 km/sec (Vs = 4.7 km/ sec) are modeled at 43 and 60 km depth, respectively. Crustal Vp/Vs ratios range between 1.74 and 1.83, and upper mantle Vp/V s ratios range from 1.78 to 1.84. Poisson's ratios range from about 0.26 to 0.33 in the crust and from about 0.27 to 0.29 in the upper mantle. Modeled average densities range from about 2.55 in the sedimentary basins to 3.43 in the upper mantle. Geophysical characteristics of the crust and upper mantle within the New Madrid seismic zone are consistent with other continental rifts, but the crustal structure of the Illinois basin is not characteristics of most continental rift settings. Seismic and gravity data suggest a buried horst near the middle of Reelfoot rife, beneath which is a vertical zone of seismicity and velocity anomalies. The relative depth of the Reelfoot rift north and south of the Reelfoot graben suggests chat the rift and its bounding faults may extend eastward beneath the city of Memphis. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Catchings, RD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1591 EP 1605 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PP UT WOS:000084886800015 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Lees, JM Monastero, F AF Hough, SE Lees, JM Monastero, F TI Attenuation and source properties at the Coso geothermal area, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SOURCE PARAMETERS; EARTHQUAKE; WAVES; MICROSEISMICITY; AFTERSHOCKS; SPECTRA; STRESS; REGION AB We use a multiple-empirical Green's function method to determine source properties of small (M - 0.4 to 1.3) earthquakes and P- and S-wave attenuation at the Coso Geothermal Field, California. Source properties of a previously identified set of clustered events from the Coso geothermal region are first analyzed using an empirical Green's function (EGF) method. Stress-drop values of at least 0.5-1 MPa are inferred for all of the events; in many cases, the corner frequency is outside the usable bandwidth, and the stress drop can only be constrained as being higher than 3 MPa. P- and S-wave stress-drop estimates are identical to the resolution limits of the data. These results are indistinguishable from numerous EGF studies of M 2-5 earthquakes, suggesting a similarity in rupture processes that extends to events that are both tiny and induced, providing further support for Byerlee's Law. Whole-path Q estimates for P and S waves are determined using the multiple-empirical Green's function (MEGF) method of Hough (1997), whereby spectra from clusters of colocated events ata given station are inverted for a single attenuation parameter, kappa, with source parameters constrained from EGF analysis. The kappa estimates, which we infer to be resolved to within 0.01 sec or better, exhibit almost as much scatter as a function of hypocentral distance as do values from previous single-spectrum studies for which much higher uncertainties in individual kappa estimates are expected. The variability in kappa estimates determined here therefore suggests real lateral variability in Q structure. Although the ray-path coverage is too sparse to yield a complete three-dimensional attenuation tomographic image, we invert the inferred kappa value for three-dimensional structure using a damped least-squares method, and the results do reveal significant lateral variability in Q structure. The inferred attenuation variability corresponds to the heat-flow variations within the geothermal region. A central lowe region corresponds well with the central high-heat flow region; additional detailed structure is also suggested. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. USN, Geothermal Program, China Lake, CA USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1606 EP 1619 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 276PP UT WOS:000084886800016 ER PT J AU Gutreuter, S Bartels, AD Irons, K Sandheinrich, MB AF Gutreuter, S Bartels, AD Irons, K Sandheinrich, MB TI Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the Upper Mississippi River system SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; NICHE SHIFTS; SIZE AB The flood-pulse concept (FPC) states that annual inundation is the principal force responsible for productivity and biotic interactions in river-floodplain systems. Somatic growth is one component of production, and we hypothesized that, if the FPC applies, growth of fishes that use the moving littoral zone should differ among years with differing flood pattern, whereas nonlittoral fishes would show no such response. Growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), species that exploit littoral resources, increased during a year having an unusual warm-season flood in the Upper Mississippi River system and was reduced during low-water years. Growth of white bass (Morone chrysops), which do not rely heavily on the littoral zone, did not differ significantly between the extreme-flood and low-water years. Patterns of growth of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), which have intermediate dependence on the moving littoral zone, were somewhat ambiguous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the FPC applies, at least under certain conditions, to this temperate river system. Our results can also provide an important basis from which to assess some costs and benefits of water level management strategies in large regulated temperate rivers. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Long Term Resource Monitoring Field Stn, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Long Term Resource Monitoring Field Stn, Havana, IL 62644 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Gutreuter, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2282 EP 2291 DI 10.1139/cjfas-56-12-2282 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 265VX UT WOS:000084267600007 ER PT J AU Zolbrod, AN Peterson, DL AF Zolbrod, AN Peterson, DL TI Response of high-elevation forests in the Olympic Mountains to climatic change SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID FIR ABIES-LASIOCARPA; SUB-ALPINE MEADOWS; TUNDRA ECOTONE; NATIONAL-PARK; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TREE ESTABLISHMENT; WARMING EXPERIMENT; SPATIAL VARIATION; RADIAL GROWTH; WASHINGTON AB The gap model ZELIG was used to examine the effects of increased temperature (2%C) and altered precipitation on high-elevation ecosystems of the Olympic Mountains, Washington, U.S.A. Changes in tree species distribution and abundance, as well as stand biomass, were examined on north and south aspects in the dry northeast (NE) and wet southwest (SW) regions of the Olympics for (i) warmer, (ii) warmer and 20% wetter, and (iii) warmer and 20% drier climatic-change scenarios. Dominant tree species shift upwards 300-600 m in elevation in the SW, with subalpine meadows and Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. forests being replaced by Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes forests at higher elevations and A. amabilis forests being replaced by Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forests at lower elevations. In the NE, drought-tolerant species become dominant approximately 200 m lower than present, with A. lasiocarpa dominating the north aspect and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. the south aspect. Biomass increases in the SW and generally decreases in the NE, depending on aspect and precipitation regime. This study suggests that species and site-specific responses at mesoscale (e.g., wet vs. dry climatic regime) and microscale (e.g., north vs. south aspect) resolutions must be characterized to quantify the variation in potential effects of climatic change on forest vegetation in mountainous regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 94 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1966 EP 1978 DI 10.1139/cjfr-29-12-1966 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 271NK UT WOS:000084600200017 ER PT J AU Rajec, P Sucha, V Eberl, DD Srodon, J Elsass, F AF Rajec, P Sucha, V Eberl, DD Srodon, J Elsass, F TI Effect of illite particle shape on cesium sorption SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE cesium sorption; distribution coefficient; illite; particle shape ID FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES; CLAY-MINERALS; ADSORPTION; FIXATION; SMECTITE; CATION AB Samples containing illite and illite-smectite, having different crystal shapes (plates, "barrels", and filaments), were selected for sorption experiments with cesium. There is a positive correlation between total surface area and Cs-sorption capacity, but no correlation between total surface area and the distribution coefficient, K-d. Generally K-d increases with the edge surface area, although "hairy" (filamentous) illite does not fit this pattern, possibly because elongation of crystals along one axis reduces the number of specific sorption sires. C1 Comenius Univ, Dept Nucl Chem, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia. Comenius Univ, Dept Geol & Mineral Deposits, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Krakow, Poland. INRA, Sci Sol Stn, F-78026 Versailles, France. RP Sucha, V (reprint author), Comenius Univ, Dept Nucl Chem, Mylnska Dolina, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 47 IS 6 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470610 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 269ZJ UT WOS:000084510400010 ER PT J AU Bodkin, JL Ballachey, BE Cronin, MA Scribner, KT AF Bodkin, JL Ballachey, BE Cronin, MA Scribner, KT TI Population demographics and genetic diversity in remnant and translocated populations of sea otters SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; SPECIES CONSERVATION; JUVENILE MORTALITY; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; VARIABILITY; EXTINCTION; GROWTH; SIZE AB The effects of small population size on genetic diversity and subsequent population recovery are theoretically predicted, but few empirical data are available to describe those relations. We use data from four remnant and three translocated sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations to examine relations among magnitude and duration of minimum population size, population growth rates, and genetic variation. Mitochondrial (mt)DNA haplotype diversity was correlated with the number of years at minimum population size (r(s) = -0.741, p = 0.038) and minimum population size, (r(s) = 0.709, p = 0.054). We found no relation between population growth and haplotype diversity, although growth was significantly greater in translocated than in remnant populations. Haplotype diversity in populations established from two sources was higher than in a population established from a single source and was higher than in the respective source populations. Haplotype frequencies in translocated populations of foundling sizes of 4 and 28 differed from expected, indicating genetic drift and differential reproduction between source populations, whereas haplotype frequencies in a translocated population with a founding size of 150 did not. Relations between population demographics and genetic characteristics suggest that genetic sampling of source and translocated populations can provide valuable inferences about translocations. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Bodkin, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 41 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1378 EP 1385 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98124.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 260RF UT WOS:000083963100019 ER PT J AU Knutson, MG Sauer, JR Olsen, DA Mossman, MJ Hemesath, LM Lannoo, MJ AF Knutson, MG Sauer, JR Olsen, DA Mossman, MJ Hemesath, LM Lannoo, MJ TI Effects of landscape composition and wetland fragmentation on frog and toad abundance and species richness in Iowa and Wisconsin, USA SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; ONTARIO; WILDLIFE; FOREST; IMPACTS; CANADA AB Management of amphibian populations to reverse recent declines will require defining high-quality habitat for individual species or groups of species, followed by efforts to retain or restore these habitats on the landscape. We examined landscape-level habitat relationships for frogs and toads by measuring associations between relative abundance and species richness based on survey data derived from anuran calls and features of land-cover maps for Iowa and Wisconsin. The most consistent result across all anuran guilds was a negative association with the presence of urban land. Upland and wetland forests and emergent wetlands tended to be positively associated with anurans. Landscape metrics that represent edges and patch diversity also had generally positive associations, indicating that anurans benefit from a complex of habitats that include wetlands. In Iowa the most significant associations with relative abundance were the length of the edge between wetland and forest (positive) and the presence of urban land (negative). In Wisconsin the two most significant associations with relative abundance were forest area and agricultural area (both positive). Anurans had positive associations with agriculture in Wisconsin but not in Iowa. Remnant forest patches in agricultural landscapes may be providing refuges for some anuran species. Differences in anuran associations with deep water and permanent wetlands between the two states suggest opportunities for management action. Large-scale maps can contribute to predictive models of amphibian habitat use, but water quality and vegetation information collected from individual wetlands will likely be needed to strengthen those predictions. Landscape habitat analyses provide a framework for future experimental and intensive research on specific factors affecting the health of anurans. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Nongame Program, Dept Nat Resources, Boone, IA 50036 USA. Ball State Univ, Indiana Sch Med, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Knutson, MG (reprint author), Div Publ Lands, 775 Summer St, Salem, OR 97310 USA. NR 49 TC 180 Z9 194 U1 17 U2 90 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1437 EP 1446 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98445.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 260RF UT WOS:000083963100025 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Swift, CC Ambrose, RF AF Lafferty, KD Swift, CC Ambrose, RF TI Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EUCYCLOGOBIUS-NEWBERRYI; EXTINCTION; HYPOTHESIS; MODELS AB The tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), and endangered species in the United States, occurs in a series of isolated coastal wetlands in California. Using historical presence-absence data and our own surveys, we estimated annual rates of extirpation and recolonization for several populations of the goby in southern California. As predicted, large wetlands had lower rates of extirpation than small wetlands. There was a negative but statistically nonsignificant correlation between recolonization rate and distance to the nearest northerly source population. Populations at small sites were sensitive to drought, presumably because droughts can eliminate suitable habitat at small wetlands. Populations in small wetlands have declined over time, even after accounting for variation in stream flow, supporting the species' endangered status. Our study emphasizes the need to understand metapopulation dynamics for conserving species where the unit of conservation is a local population. It is also emphasizes the importance of not treating metapopulations as identical units. Finally, our results provide a means for describing the decline of a species that is complex in time and space and provide insight into how to target protection measures among metapopulations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1447 EP 1453 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98016.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 260RF UT WOS:000083963100026 ER PT J AU Hicks, JF Brinkman, DL Nichols, DJ Watabe, M AF Hicks, JF Brinkman, DL Nichols, DJ Watabe, M TI Paleomagnetic and palynologic analyses of Albian to Santonian strata at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant, and Khuren Dukh, eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Early Cretaceous; Late Cretaceous; Mongolia; Gobi Desert; paleomagnetism; magnetostratigraphy; palynostratigraphy; Cretaceous Long Normal; C34n; Bayn Shireh; Dzun Bayan; Khuren Dukh; Shinekhudag ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; INNER-MONGOLIA; ORNITHOPODS DINOSAURIA; FLAMING CLIFFS; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PALEONTOLOGY; PALEOECOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY; ORNITHISCHIA; AFFINITIES AB Cretaceous terrestrial sediments deposited in a series of intracratonic basins across the Gobi Desert region of southern Mongolia and northern China contain a unique and diverse vertebrate fauna. In 1996 an expedition jointly sponsored by the Mongolian Paleontological Center and the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences revisited a number of famous vertebrate fossil localities in the eastern Gobi region of Mongolia and, as part of a broad geological and paleontological study, collected a series of paleomagnetic samples from measured sections at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant and Khuren Dukh, as well as from an unmeasured locality adjacent to Khuren Dukh. Expedition members also collected palynologic samples from Khuren Dukh and the adjacent locality. Paleomagnetic analysis shows that all the sites from which samples were collected display detrital remnant magnetization that is consistently normal in polarity. The measured Cretaceous magnetic directions are oriented to the east or northeast of the present day expected direction (declination 356.2 degrees, inclination 65.2 degrees), and they are wholly concordant with that expected for a mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere sampling locality, and with the directions for this period reported by other workers. These results, when considered in tandem with the known biostratigraphy, strongly suggest that the sedimentary deposits at all four localities in the eastern Gobi correlate to the normal polarity chron 34 (the Cretaceous Long Normal), which ranges in age from approximately 121 to 83.5 million years. Previous vertebrate, invertebrate and palynological data from Khuren Dukh suggest that the lower and middle parts of the stratigraphic interval exposed there (which have been assigned to the Shinekhudag Formation) are 'Khukhtekian' in age and correspond to the Aptian-Albian interval that can be broadly correlated to the older, Early Cretaceous part of the Cretaceous Long Normal, C34n. New palynologic data presented here indicate that these strata are no older than middle to late Albian. The rocks at Bayn Shireh (the Bayn Shireh Formation) have been assigned a 'Baynshirenian' biostratigraphic age that may range from Cenomanian to early Campanian. The magnetostratigraphy results presented here indicate that the strata at both the Bayn Shireh and Burkhant localities do not cross the Santonian/Campanian Stage boundary, however, as this is believed to lie at, or very near, the C34n/C33r reversal boundary. Thus, the Bayn Shireh Formation was most likely deposited near the end of the Cretaceous Long Normal Interval, no later than the latest Santonian. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Denver Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Denver, CO 80205 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Hayashibara Museum Nat Sci, Okayama 700, Japan. RP Hicks, JF (reprint author), Denver Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 2001 Colorado Blvd, Denver, CO 80205 USA. NR 112 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 20 IS 6 BP 829 EP 850 DI 10.1006/cres.1999.0188 PG 22 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 274XQ UT WOS:000084790700012 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL AF Kendall, WL TI Robustness of closed capture-recapture methods to violations of the closure assumption SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding propensity; capture-recapture; closed populations; emigration; immigration; multistate models; Lincoln-Petersen method; Pollock's robust design; species richness; temporary emigration ID SMALL-MAMMAL POPULATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; VISIBILITY BIAS; SIZE; DESIGN; MODELS; HETEROGENEITY; PROBABILITIES AB Closed-population capture-recapture methods have been used extensively in animal ecology, both by themselves and within the context of Pollock's robust design and multistate models, to estimate various parameters of population and community dynamics. The defining assumption of geographic and demographic closure (i.e., no births, deaths, immigration, or emigration) for the duration of sampling is restrictive and is likely to be violated in many field situations. I evaluated several types of violations of the closure assumption and found that completely random movement in and out of a study area does not introduce bias to estimators from closed-population methods, although it decreases precision. In addition, if capture probabilities vary only with time, the closed-population Lincoln-Petersen estimator is unbiased for the size of the superpopulation when there are only births/immigration or only deaths/emigration. However, for other cases of nonrandom movement, closed-population estimators were biased when movement was Markovian (dependent on the presence/absence of the animal in the previous time period), when an animal was allowed one entry to and one exit from the study area, or when there was trap response or heterogeneity among animals in capture probability. In addition, the probability that an animal is present and available for capture (e.g., breeding propensity) can be estimated using Pollock's robust design only when movement occurs at a broader temporal scale than that of sampling. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM William_Kendall@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 186 Z9 194 U1 11 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 80 IS 8 BP 2517 EP 2525 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[2517:ROCCRM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 264VR UT WOS:000084204100006 ER PT J AU Clark, SHB Gray, KJ Back, JM AF Clark, SHB Gray, KJ Back, JM TI Geology of the barite hill gold-silver deposit in the southern Carolina slate belt SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID ALLEGHANIAN OROGENY; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; EASTERN PIEDMONT; MINERALIZATION; APPALACHIANS; EVOLUTION; CHARACTER; BEARING; GEOCHEMISTRY; STRATOTYPE AB Barite Hill is a stratiform gold-silver deposit associated with base metal sulfides and barite in greenschist facies rocks, The deposit, southernmost of four recently mined gold deposits in the Carolina slate belt, is located in the Lincolnton-McCormick district of Georgia and South Carolina, which includes several known gold-silver and base metal deposits in a Kuroko-type geologic setting along with deposits of kyanite and manganese. Approximately 1,835,000 g of gold was produced mainly from oxidized ores in the Main and Rainsford pits from 1990 until their closing in 1994. Ore is hosted by sericitically altered felsic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Late Proterozoic Persimmon Fork Formation. The deposit is stratigraphically below an overturned contact between upper and lower pyroclastic units, which overlie the Lincolnton metarhyolite, an intrusive-extrusive unit. Gold-silver-rich zones in the Main pit are partly coincident with lenses of siliceous barite rock, but not confined to them, and occur more commonly in pyrite-quartz-altered fragmental rock. The Main pit ore is stratigraphically overlain by a zone of base metal and barite enrichment, which is, in turn, overlain by a talc-tremolite alteration zone locally. Siliceous barite zones are absent in the Rainsford pit, and gold-silver minerals are associated with silicified rocks and chert. The Barite Hill deposit is interpreted to be the result of Kuroko-type, volcanogenic, base metal sulfide mineralization, followed by gold-silver mineralization under epithermal conditions with the following stages of evolution: (1) massive sulfides, barite, and fine-grained siliceous exhalites were deposited during Late Proterozoic to Cambrian submarine volcanism, which was related to plate convergence and subduction in a microcontinental or island-are setting distant from the North American continental plate; (2) Au-Ag Te and base and precious metal Te-Se-Bi minerals were deposited either during waning stages of hydrothermal activity in a failed massive sulfide system or in a separate event; (3) sulfides and silica-barite rock recrystallized during regional deformation and greenschist facies metamorphism related to the Middle to Late Ordovician collision of the Carolina terrane with the North American continental plate; (4) quartz, barite, and gold were remobilized and formed veins that cut across cleavage; (5) orebodies were offset along high-angle faults; and (6) during weathering, base metal sulfides and barite dissolved and reprecipitated as supergene euhedral barite crystals that line ferric iron oxide-hydroxide gossans. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Clark, SHB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 94 IS 8 BP 1329 EP 1346 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282CT UT WOS:000085199300008 ER PT J AU O'Neill, RV Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Jones, KB AF O'Neill, RV Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Jones, KB TI Landscape pattern metrics and regional assessment SO ECOSYSTEM HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; DEVELOPMENT POLICIES; MULTISCALE ANALYSIS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; ECOLOGICAL RISK; SCALE; CONTAGION; FOREST; DEFORESTATION; ENVIRONMENT AB The combination of remote imagery data, geographic information systems software, and landscape ecology theory provides a unique basis for monitoring and assessing large-scale ecological systems. The unique feature of the work has been the need to develop and interpret quantitative measures of spatial pattern-the landscape indices. This article reviews what is known about the statistical properties of these pattern metrics and suggests some additional metrics based on island biogeography, percolation theory, hierarchy theory, and economic geography. Assessment applications of this approach have required interpreting the pattern metrics in terms of specific environmental endpoints, such as wildlife and water quality, and research into how to represent synergystic effects of many overlapping sources of stress. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP O'Neill, RV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 1505 MS-4036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 77 TC 81 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-2825 J9 ECOSYST HEALTH JI Ecosyst. Health PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09942.x PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 279RR UT WOS:000085059400002 ER PT J AU Bennett, JP Wetmore, CM AF Bennett, JP Wetmore, CM TI Geothermal elements in lichens of Yellowstone National Park, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; geothermal; heavy metals; lichen; mercury; trace elements; Yellowstone National Park ID AIR-POLLUTION; MERCURY; AREA; ACCUMULATION; METALS AB Geothermal features (e.g. geysers, fumaroles, vents, and springs) emit gaseous mercury, sulfur and heavy metals and therefore, are natural sources of these elements in the atmosphere. Field studies of heavy metals in lichens in Italy have detected elevated concentrations near geothermal power plants, and have determined that the origin of mercury is from soil degassing, not soil particles. We studied this phenomenon in a geothermal area without power plants to determine the natural levels of mercury and other elements. Two common and abundant species of epiphytic Lichens, Bryoria fremontii and Letharia vulpina, were collected at six localities in Yellowstone National Park, USA in 1998 and analyzed for 22 chemical elements. Thirteen elements differed significantly between species. Some elements were significantly higher in the southern part of the park, while others were higher in the north. Levels of most elements were comparable with those in other national parks and wilderness areas in the region, except Hg, which was unusually high. The most likely sources of this element are the geothermal features, which are known emitters of Hg. Multivariate analyses revealed strong positive associations of Hg with S, and negative associations with soil elements, providing strong evidence that the Hg in the lichens is the result of soil degassing of elemental Hg rather than particulate Hg directly from soils. Average Hg levels in the lichens were 140 p.p.b. in Bryoria and 110 p.p.b. in Letharia, but maxima were 291 and 243 p.p.b., respectively. In spite of this, both species were healthy and abundant throughout the park. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53705 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Inst Environm Studies, 504 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0098-8472(99)00036-2 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 263LR UT WOS:000084126600004 ER PT J AU van Snik Gray, E Stauffer, JR AF van Snik Gray, E Stauffer, JR TI Comparative microhabitat use of ecologically similar benthic fishes SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE sculpins; darters; niche breadth; habitat partitioning ID AMERICAN STREAM FISHES; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COTTUS-BAIRDI; MOTTLED SCULPIN; HABITAT USE; INTERACTIVE SEGREGATION; FEEDING PERIODICITY; HOME RANGE; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Although benthic insectivorous fishes such as darters and sculpins represent a significant component of riffle communities, few studies have compared the habitat use of these non-related but ecologically similar fishes. The objectives of this study were to examine the habitat use of Etheostoma olmstedi (tessellated darter) compared to Cottus bairdi (mottled sculpin) in Nescopeck Creek and Cottus cognatus (slimy sculpin) in Jack's Creek, Pennsylvania through underwater observation. Etheostoma olmstedi occupied habitats with significantly deeper waters than those available, whereas adult and young of the year Cottus occupied habitats with significantly faster water velocities than those available. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed microhabitat partitioning between E. olmstedi and each Cottus species. Cottus bairdi and C. cognatus occupied significantly shallower habitats with faster water velocities than E. olmstedi. Sculpin species were observed most frequently under substrate whereas E. olmstedi occurred most frequently on the top surface of the substrate. Hurlbert's standardized niche breadth values indicated that C. bairdi and C. cognatus were habitat specialists with regard to water velocity measures, but exhibited generalistic patterns of depth and substrate size use. Etheostoma olmstedi was a habitat specialist with respect to depth, but exhibited generalistic patterns of resource use for substrate size. Differential habitat use by these benthic fishes is consistent with the hypothesis that resource partitioning facilitates species coexistence among stream fishes. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP van Snik Gray, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 1999 VL 56 IS 4 BP 443 EP 453 DI 10.1023/A:1007536019444 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 267FF UT WOS:000084346500011 ER PT J AU Leung, YF Marion, JL AF Leung, YF Marion, JL TI Assessing trail conditions in protected areas: application of a problem-assessment method in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE trail degradation; impact assessment; trail surveys; trail problem-assessment method; Great Smoky Mountains National Park AB The degradation of trail resources associated with expanding recreation and tourism visitation is a growing management problem in protected areas worldwide. In order to make judicious trail and visitor management decisions, protected area managers need objective and timely information on trail resource conditions. This paper introduces a trail survey method that efficiently characterizes the location and lineal extent of common trail problems. The method was applied to a large sample of trails within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a high-use protected area in the USA. The Trail Problem-Assessment Method (TPAM) employs a continuous search for multiple indicators of pre-defined tread problems, yielding census data documenting the location, occurrence and extent of each problem. The present application employed 23 different indicators in three categories to gather inventory, resource condition, and design and maintenance data of each survey ed trail. Seventy-two backcountry hiking trails (528 km), or 35% of the Park's total trail length, were surveyed. Soil erosion and wet soil were found to be the two most common impacts on a lineal extent basis. Trails with serious tread problems were well distributed throughout the Park, although trails with wet muddy treads tended to be concentrated in areas where horse use was high. The effectiveness of maintenance features installed to divert water from trail treads was also evaluated. Water bars were found to be more effective than drainage dips. The TPAM was able to provide Park managers with objective and quantitative information for use in trail planning, management and maintenance decisions, and is applicable to other protected areas elsewhere with different environmental and impact characteristics. C1 Virginia Tech, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Cooperat Pk Studies Unit 0324, USGS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Marion, JL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Cooperat Pk Studies Unit 0324, USGS, 304 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 270 EP 279 DI 10.1017/S0376892999000399 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 290FX UT WOS:000085666600006 ER PT J AU Squillace, PJ Moran, MJ Lapham, WW Price, CV Clawges, RM Zogorski, JS AF Squillace, PJ Moran, MJ Lapham, WW Price, CV Clawges, RM Zogorski, JS TI Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, an assessment of 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in untreated, ambient groundwater of the conterminous United States was conducted based on samples collected from 2948 wells between 1985 and 1995. The samples represent urban and rural areas and drinking-water and nondrinking-water wells. A reporting level of 0.2 mu g/L was used with the exception of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, which had a reporting level of 1.0 mu g/L. Because ambient groundwater was targeted, areas of known point-source contamination were excluded from this assessment. VOC concentrations generally were low; 56% of the concentrations were less than 1 mu g/L In urban areas, 47% of the sampled wells had at least one VOC, and 29% had two or more VOCs; furthermore, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water criteria were exceeded in 6.4% of all sampled wells and in 2.5% of the sampled drinking-water wells. In rural areas, 14% of the sampled wells had at least one VOC; furthermore, drinking-water criteria were exceeded in 1.5% of all sampled welts and in 1.3% of the sampled drinking-water wells. Solvent compounds and the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyt ether were among the most frequently detected VOCs in urban and rural areas. It was determined that the probability of finding VOCs in untreated groundwater can be estimated on the basis of a logistic regression model by using population density as an explanatory variable. Although there are limitations to this national scale model, it fit the data from 2354 wells used for model development and adequately estimated the VOC presence in samples from 589 wells used for model validation. Model estimates indicate that 7% (6-9% on the basis of one standard error) of the ambient groundwater resources of the United States probably contain at least one VOC at a reporting level of 0.2 mu g/L. Groundwater is used in these areas by 42 million people (35-50 million based on one standard error); however, human exposure to VOCs from this ambient groundwater is uncertain because the quality of the finished drinking water is generally unknown. C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Squillace, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. NR 31 TC 188 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 23 BP 4176 EP 4187 DI 10.1021/es990234m PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 261TB UT WOS:000084024200024 ER PT J AU Thomas, CM Anthony, RG AF Thomas, CM Anthony, RG TI Environmental contaminants in great blue herons (Ardea herodias) from the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers, Oregon and Washington, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE contaminants; herons; Oregon; Washington; pesticides ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; HEPATOMA-CELL BIOASSAY; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; BALD EAGLES; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN EQUIVALENTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHICK-EMBRYOS; UNITED-STATES; FISH AB Great blue heron (Ardea herodias) eggs and prey items were collected from six colonies in Oregon and Washington, USA, during 1994 to 1995. Contaminant concentrations, reproductive success, and biomagnification factors were determined and effects of residue levels were measured by H4IIE rat hepatoma bioassays. Mean residue concentrations in heron eggs and prey items were generally low. However, elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in eggs and prey from Ross Island on the Willamette River. Biomagnification factors varied among sites. Sites were not significantly different in H4IIE tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQs), although the TCDD-EQ for Karlson Island was 9 to 20 times greater than that of any other site. Large differences existed between toxic equivalents calculated from egg residue concentrations and TCDD-EQs, which indicated nonadditive interactions among the compounds. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents and nest failure were positively correlated with TCDD concentration. Fledging and reproductive rates were similar to those determined for healthy heron populations, however, indicating that any adverse effects were occurring at the individual level and not at the colony level. Our results support the use of great blue herons as a biomonitor for contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Their relatively low sensitivity to organochlorine contaminants and high trophic position allows contaminant accumulation and biomagnification without immediate adverse effects that are often seen in other, more sensitive species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Thomas, CM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 2800 Cottage Way,Room W2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. NR 73 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2804 EP 2816 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2804:ECIGBH>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 258ZV UT WOS:000083870300022 ER PT J AU Schleusner, CJ Maughan, OE AF Schleusner, CJ Maughan, OE TI Mobility of largemouth bass in a desert lake in Arizona SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE largemouth bass; micropterus salmoides; movement patterns ID HOME RANGE; MOVEMENTS AB Largemouth bass in Mittry lake, Arizona >360 mm total length generally remained in the same area of the lake for extended periods but some fish seemed to continually move from area to area. Sedentary and mobile fish did not differ by age or sex. Largemouth bass in Mittry lake maintained their respective behavior pattern (resident or mobile) throughout the year and did not move off-shore in the fall. The shallow depth of the lake and the moderate year round temperatures may explain this lack of seasonal movement. Harvest rates appeared to be modest. Lack of vulnerability and or angler access may explain low harvest rates. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Arizona 104, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Maughan, OE (reprint author), Univ Arizona 104, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biosci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00082-X PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 267ZE UT WOS:000084388500008 ER PT J AU Guillette, LJ Woodward, AR Crain, DA Pickford, DB Rooney, AA Percival, HF AF Guillette, LJ Woodward, AR Crain, DA Pickford, DB Rooney, AA Percival, HF TI Plasma steroid concentrations and male phallus size in juvenile alligators from seven Florida lakes SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CONTAMINANTS; TURTLE SEX DETERMINATION; TESTICULAR GERM-CELLS; AMERICAN ALLIGATOR; TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS; VITELLOGENIN INDUCTION; P450 AROMATASE; MISSISSIPPIENSIS; ESTROGENS; DDT AB Neonatal and juvenile alligators from contaminated Lake Apopka in central Florida exhibit abnormal plasma sex steroid concentrations as well as morphological abnormalities of the gonad and phallus. This study addresses whether similar abnormalities occur in juvenile alligators inhabiting six other lakes in Florida. For analysis, animals were partitioned into two subsets, animals 40-79 cm total length (1-3 years old) and juveniles 80-130 cm total length (3-7 years old). Plasma testosterone (T) concentrations were lower in small males from lakes Apopka, Griffin, and Jessup than from Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). Similar differences were observed in the larger juveniles, with males from lakes Jessup, Apopka, and Okeechobee having lower plasma T concentrations than Lake Woodruff males. Plasma estradiol-17 beta (E(2)) concentrations were significantly elevated in larger juvenile males from Lake Apopka compared to Lake Woodruff NWR. When compared to small juvenile females from Lake Woodruff NWR, females from lakes Griffin, Apopka, Orange, and Okeechobee had elevated plasma E(2) concentrations. Phallus size was significantly smaller in males from lakes Griffin and Apopka vc;hen compared to males from Lake Woodruff NWR. An association existed between body size and phallus size on all lakes except Lake Apopka and between phallus size and plasma T concentration on all lakes except lakes Apopka and Orange. Multiple regression analysis, with body size and plasma T concentration as independent covariables, explained the majority of the variation in phallus size on all lakes. These data suggest that the differences in sex steroids and phallus size observed in alligators from Lake Apopka are not limited to that lake, nor to one with a history of a major pesticide spill. Further work examining the relationship of sex steroids and phallus size with specific biotic and abiotic factors, such as antiandrogenic or estrogenic contaminants, is needed, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Wildlife Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Guillette, LJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, 223 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Pickford, Daniel/D-5391-2014 OI Pickford, Daniel/0000-0002-5778-4630 FU OCPHP CDC HHS [PR471470] NR 70 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 116 IS 3 BP 356 EP 372 DI 10.1006/gcen.1999.7375 PG 17 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 273CB UT WOS:000084688700004 PM 10603274 ER PT J AU Marlow, MS Stevenson, AJ Chezar, H McConnaughey, RA AF Marlow, MS Stevenson, AJ Chezar, H McConnaughey, RA TI Tidally generated sea-floor lineations in Bristol Bay, Alaska, USA SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHELF AB Highly reflective linear features occur in water depths of 20-30 m in northern Bristol Bay (Alaska, USA) and are, in places, over 600 m in length. Their length-to-width ratio is over 100.1. The lineations are usually characterized by large transverse ripples with wavelengths of 1-2 m. The lineations trend about N60 degrees E, and are spaced between 20 and 350 m. Main tidal directions near the lineations are N60 degrees E (flood) and S45 degrees W (ebb), which are parallel to subparallel to the lineations. They suggest that the lineations may be tidally generated. The lineations may be bright sonar reflections from a winnowed lag concentrate of coarse sand. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Marlow, MS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s003670050112 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 273VT UT WOS:000084729100001 ER PT J AU Carlson, PR Cowan, EA Powell, RD Cai, J AF Carlson, PR Cowan, EA Powell, RD Cai, J TI Growth of a post-Little Ice Age submarine fan, Glacier Bay, Alaska SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUEEN INLET; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; MUIR INLET; FJORD; SEDIMENTATION; LITHOFACIES; CHANNELS AB A small Holocene fan is forming where Queen Inlet, a hanging valley, enters West Arm fjord, Glacier Bay, Alaska. Queen fan formed in the last 80 years following retreat of the Little Ice Age glacier that filled Glacier Bay about 200 yr BP. It was built mainly by a turbidite system originating from Carroll Glacier delta, as the delta formed in the early 1900s at the head of Queen Inlet. The Late Holocene Queen fan is comparable to large Pleistocene fans that formed in the Gulf of Alaska and differs from trough-mouth fans formed by cooler climate glacier systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Appalachian State Univ, Dept Geol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Carlson, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 273VT UT WOS:000084729100002 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Aleinikoff, JN Stafford, TW Kihl, R Been, J Mahan, SA Cowherd, S AF Muhs, DR Aleinikoff, JN Stafford, TW Kihl, R Been, J Mahan, SA Cowherd, S TI Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part I - Age and paleoclimatic significance SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PRECISION BIDECADAL CALIBRATION; RADIOCARBON TIME SCALE; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PAST 21,000 YEARS; LATE PLEISTOCENE; NORTH-AMERICA; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; EOLIAN DEPOSITION AB Loess in eastern Colorado covers an estimated 14 000 km(2), and is the westernmost part of the North American midcontinent loess province. Stratigraphic studies indicate there were two periods of loess deposition in eastern Colorado during late Quaternary time. The first period spanned ca. 20 000 to 12 000 C-14 yr B.P. (ca. 20-14 ka) and correlates reasonably,well with the culmination and retreat of Pinedale glaciers in the Colorado Front Range during the last glacial maximum. The second period of loess deposition occurred between ca. 11000 and 9000 C-14 yr B.P. This interval may be Holocene or may correlate with a hypothesized Younger Dryas glacial advance in the Colorado Front Range. Sedimentologic, mineralogic, and geochemical data indicate that as many as three sources could have supplied loess in eastern Colorado. These sources include glaciogenic silt (derived from the Colorado Front Range) and two bedrock sources, volcaniclastic silt from the White River Group, and clays from the Pierre Shale. The sediment sources imply a generally westerly paleowind during the last glacial maximum. New carbon isotope data, combined with published faunal data, indicate that the loess was probably deposited on a cool steppe, implying a last glacial maximum July temperature depression, relative to the present, of at least 5-6 degrees C. Overall, loess deposition in eastern Colorado occurred mostly toward the end of the last glacial maximum, under cooler and drier conditions, with generally westerly winds from more than one source. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 72 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 111 IS 12 BP 1861 EP 1875 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1861:LQLINC>2.3.CO;2 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 263XG UT WOS:000084150100008 ER PT J AU Aleinikoff, JN Muhs, DR Saner, RR Fanning, CM AF Aleinikoff, JN Muhs, DR Saner, RR Fanning, CM TI Late Quaternary loess in northeastern Colorado: Part II - Pb isotopic evidence for the variability of loess sources SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; ICE-CORE; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; RADIOCARBON AGES; CENTRAL NEBRASKA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; GREAT-PLAINS; CHINA; PROVENANCE AB A new application of the Pb isotopic tracer technique has been used to determine the relative importance of different silt sources for late Wisconsin loess in the central Great Plains of eastern Colorado. Samples of the Peoria Loess collected throughout the study area contain K-feldspar derived from two isotopically and genetically distinct sources: (1) glaciogenic material from Early and,middle Proterozoic crystalline rocks of the Colorado province, and (2) volcaniclastic material from the Tertiary White River Group exposed on the northern Great Plains. Pb isotopic compositions of K-feldspar in loess from two dated vertical sections (at Beecher Island and I,ast Chance, Colorado) vary systematically, implying climatic control of source availability. We propose a model whereby relatively cold conditions promoted the advance of Front Range valley glaciers discharging relatively little glaciogenic silt, but strong,winds caused eolian erosion of White River Group silt due to a decrease in vegetation cover. During warmer periods, valley glaciers receded and discharged abundant glaciogenic silt, while surfaces underlain by the White River Group were stabilized by vegetation. Isotopic data from eastern Colorado loess sections record two warm-cold-warm cycles during late Wisconsin time between about 21 000 and 11000 radiocarbon Jr BP., similar to results from other studies in the United States and Greenland. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Aleinikoff, JN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Fanning, C. Mark/I-6449-2016 OI Fanning, C. Mark/0000-0003-3331-3145 NR 51 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 111 IS 12 BP 1876 EP 1883 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1876:LQLINC>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 263XG UT WOS:000084150100009 ER PT J AU Finn, C Moore, D Damaske, D Mackey, T AF Finn, C Moore, D Damaske, D Mackey, T TI Aeromagnetic legacy of early Paleozoic subduction along the Pacific margin of Gondwana SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN VICTORIA LAND; LACHLAN FOLD BELT; ANTARCTICA; AUSTRALIA; RECONSTRUCTION; GRANITOIDS; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX AB Comparison of the aeromagnetic signatures and geology of southeastern Australia and northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, with similar data from ancient subduction zones in California and Japan, provides a framework for reinterpretation of the plate tectonic setting of the Pacific margin of early Paleozoic Gondwana. In our model, the plutons in the Glenelg (southeastern Australia) and Wilson (northern Victoria Land) zones formed the roots of continental-margin magmatic arcs. Eastward shifting of are magmatism resulted in the Stavely (southeastern Australia) and Bowers (northern Victoria Land) volcanic eruptions onto oceanic forearc crust. The turbidites in the Stawell (southeastern Australia) and Robertson Bay (northern Victoria Land zones) shed from the Glenelg and Wilson zones, respectively, were deposited along the trench and onto the subducting oceanic plate. The margin was subsequently truncated by thrust faults and uplifted during the Delamerian and Ross orogenies, leading to the present-day aeromagnetic signatures. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. Bundesanstalt Geowissensch & Rohstoffe, D-51 Hannover, Germany. Australian Geol Survey Org, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Finn, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM cfinn@usgs.gov OI Moore, David/0000-0003-3116-924X NR 23 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1087 EP 1090 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1087:ALOEPS>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 263XH UT WOS:000084150200008 ER PT J AU Saffer, DM Bekins, BA AF Saffer, DM Bekins, BA TI Fluid budgets at convergent plate margins: Implications for the extent and duration of fault-zone dilation SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BARBADOS ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX; FLOW; MODELS; PRISMS; DECOLLEMENT; MOTION AB Faults at convergent plate boundaries are important conduits for fluid escape, and recent evidence suggests that fluid expulsion along them is both transient and heterogeneous, For the Nankai and Barbados convergent margins, we have used numerical models to investigate the long-term partitioning of expelled fluids between diffuse flow and flow along connected high-permeability fault conduits. For a simple case of spatial heterogeneity, we estimated the extent of high-permeability conduits necessary to maintain a balance between incoming and expelled fluids. For the case of transient expulsion, we constrained the duration of elevated permeability required to balance the fluid budgets. Comparison of modeled and observed geochemical profiles suggests that the initiation of connected flow conduits is delayed with respect to the time of accretion into each accretionary complex and may be related to burial below a critical depth, either where the overlying wedge is sufficiently thick to prevent fluid escape to the sea floor or where sediments behave brittlely. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Saffer, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1095 EP 1098 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1095:FBACPM>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 263XH UT WOS:000084150200010 ER PT J AU Ingebritsen, SE Manning, CE AF Ingebritsen, SE Manning, CE TI Geological implications of a permeability-depth curve for the continental crust SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; FLUID PRESSURE; FLOW; CRYSTALLINE; CALIFORNIA; VERMONT AB The decrease in permeability (k) of the continental crust with depth (z), as constrained by geothermal data and calculated fluid flux during metamorphism, is given by log k = -14 - 3.2 log z, where k is in meters squared and z is in kilometers. At moderate to great crustal depths (>similar to 5 km), this curve is defined mainly by data from prograde metamorphic systems, and is thus applicable to orogenic belts where the crust is being thickened and/or heated; lower permeabilities may occur in stable cratonic regions. This k-z relation implies that typical metamorphic fluid flux values of similar to 10(-11) m/s are consistent with fluid pressures significantly above hydrostatic values. The k-z curve also predicts that metamorphic CO2 flux from large orogens may be sufficient to cause significant climatic effects, if retrograde carbonation reactions are minimal, and suggests a significant capacity for diffuse degassing of Earth (10(15)-10(16) g/yr) in tectonically active regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ingebritsen, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Manning, Craig/A-1118-2009 OI Manning, Craig/0000-0002-1463-3701 NR 28 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 27 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 1999 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1107 EP 1110 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1107:GIOAPD>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 263XH UT WOS:000084150200013 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA AF Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA TI Steady-state flow of solid CO2: Preliminary results SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHANE AB To help answer the question of how much solid CO2 exists in the Martian south polar cap, we performed a series of laboratory: triaxial deformation experiments at constant displacement rate in compression on jacketed cylinders of pure, polycrystalline CO2. Test conditions were temperatures 150 < T< 190 K, hydrostatic confining pressures 5 less than or equal to P less than or equal to 40 MPa, and strain rates 4.5 x 10(-8) less than or equal to (epsilon) over dot less than or equal to 4.3 x 10(-4) s(-1). Most of the measurements follow a constitutive law of the form epsilon =A sigma(n)exp(-Q/RT), where sigma is the applied differential stress, R is the gas constant, and the other constants have values as follows: A = 10(3.86) MPa(-n)s(-1) n = 5.6, and Q = 33 kJ/mol. Solid CO2 is markedly weaker than water ice. Our results suggest that the:south polar cap on Mars is unlikely to be predominately solid CO2, because the elevation and estimated age of the cap is difficult to reconcile with the very weak rheology of the material. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 23 BP 3493 EP 3496 DI 10.1029/1999GL008373 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 261LN UT WOS:000084010800018 ER PT J AU Waldhauser, F Ellsworth, WL Cole, A AF Waldhauser, F Ellsworth, WL Cole, A TI Slip-parallel seismic lineations on the northern Hayward fault, California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; EARTHQUAKE; RECURRENCE; LOCATIONS; GEOMETRY AB A high-resolution relative earthquake location procedure is used to image the fine-scale seismicity structure of the-northern Hayward fault, California. The seismicity defines a narrow, near-vertical fault zone containing horizontal alignments of hypocenters extending along the fault zone.: The lineations persist over the 15-year observation interval, implying the localization of conditions on the fault where brittle failure conditions are met. The horizontal orientation of the Lineations parallels the slip direction of the fault, Suggesting that they are the result of the smearing of frictionally weak material along the fault plane over thousands of years. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Waldhauser, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 23 BP 3525 EP 3528 DI 10.1029/1999GL010462 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 261LN UT WOS:000084010800026 ER PT J AU Zen, EA AF Zen, EA TI Society must pursue scientific literacy SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. RP Zen, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 1999 VL 44 IS 12 BP 13 EP + PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 262AT UT WOS:000084044100015 ER PT J AU Behrendt, JC AF Behrendt, JC TI Crustal and lithospheric structure of the West Antarctic Rift System from geophysical investigations - a review SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; continental rifts; volcanism; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; magnetic surveys; mantle plumes ID PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE UPLIFT; ICE-SHEET RECONSTRUCTIONS; SOUTHERN VICTORIA-LAND; DRY VALLEYS SECTOR; TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; KEY PARAMETER; MCMURDO SOUND; MANTLE PLUMES; BREAK-UP; BOUNDARY AB The active West Antarctic Rift System, which extends from the continental shelf of the Ross Sea, beneath the Ross Ice Shelf and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is comparable in size to the Basin and Range in North America, or the East African rift systems. Geophysical surveys (primarily marine seismic and aeromagnetic combined with radar ice sounding) have extended the information provided by sparse geologic exposures and a few drill holes over the ice and sea covered area. Rift basins developed in the early Cretaceous accompanied by the major extension of the region. Tectonic activity has continued episodically in the Cenozoic to the present, including major uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. The West Antarctic ice sheet, and the late Cenozoic volcanic activity in the West Antarctic Rift System, through which it flows, have been coeval since at least Miocene time. The lift is characterized by sparse exposures of late Cenozoic alkaline volcanic rocks extending from northern Victoria Land throughout Marie Byrd Land. The aeromagnetic interpretations indicate the presence of > 5 x 10(5) km(2) (> 10(6) km(3)) of probable late Cenozoic volcanic rocks (and associated subvolcanic intrusions) in the West Antarctic rift. This great volume with such limited exposures is explained by glacial removal of the associated late Cenozoic volcanic edifices (probably hyaloclastite debris) concomitantly with their subglacial eruption. Large offset seismic investigations in the Ross Sea and on the Ross Ice Shelf indicate a similar to 17-24-km-thick, extended continental crust. Gravity data suggest that this extended crust of similar thickness probably underlies the Ross Ice Shelf and Byrd Subglacial Basin. Various authors have estimated maximum late Cretaceous-present crustal extension in the West Antarctic rift area from 255-350 km based on balancing crustal thickness. Plate reconstruction allowed < 50 km of Tertiary extension. However, paleomagnetic measurements suggested about 1000 km of post-middle Cretaceous translation between East Antarctica and Pacific West Antarctica. Because a great amount of crustal extension in late Cenozoic time is unlikely, alternate mechanisms have been proposed for the late Cenozoic volcanism. Its vast volume and the ocean island basalt chemistry of the exposed late Cenozoic alkaline volcanic rocks were interpreted as evidence for a mantle plume head. An alternative or supplemental explanation to the mantle plume hypothesis is significantly greater lower lithosphere (mantle) stretching resulting in greater decompression melting than the limited Cenozoic crustal extension allows. Because of very slow rates of late Cenozoic extension in the West Antarctic Rift System, the amount of advected heat is small compared with the conductive heat. Therefore, phase transition probably would not explain the large subsidence with low extension observed in the West Antarctic Rift System. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Behrendt, JC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Campus Box 450,1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 98 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1-4 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0921-8181(99)00049-1 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 288GL UT WOS:000085554300002 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Sharpe, JM Parton, WJ Ojima, DS Fries, TL Huntington, TG Dabney, SM AF Harden, JW Sharpe, JM Parton, WJ Ojima, DS Fries, TL Huntington, TG Dabney, SM TI Dynamic replacement and loss of soil carbon on eroding cropland SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER LEVELS; NITROGEN; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; RESPIRATION; EROSION; CO2; CULTIVATION; SIMULATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Links between erosion/sedimentation history and soil carbon cycling were examined in a highly erosive setting in Mississippi loess soils. We sampled soils on (relatively) undisturbed and cropped hillslopes and measured C, N, C-14, and CO2 flux to characterize carbon storage and dynamics and to parameterize Century and spreadsheet C-14 models for different erosion and tillage histories, For this site, where 100 years of intensive cotton cropping were followed by fertilization and contour plowing, there was an initial and dramatic decline in soil carbon content from 1870 to 1950, followed by a dramatic increase in soil carbon. Soil erosion amplifies C loss and recovery: About 100% of the original, prehistoric soil carbon was likely lost over 127 years of intensive land use, but about 30% of that carbon was replaced after 1950. The eroded cropland was therefore a local sink for CO2 since the 1950s. However, a net CO2 sink requires a full accounting of eroded carbon, which in turn requires that decomposition rates in lower slopes or wetlands be reduced to about 20% of the upland value. As a result, erosion may induce unaccounted sinks or sources of CO2, depending on the fate of eroded carbon and its protection from decomposition. For erosion rates typical of the United States, the sink terms may be large enough (1 Gt yr(-1), back-of-the-envelope) to warrant a careful accounting of site management, cropping, and fertilization histories, as well as burial rates, for a more meaningful global assessment. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. ARS, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 54 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 8 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 885 EP 901 DI 10.1029/1999GB900061 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 270VK UT WOS:000084557700007 ER PT J AU Squillace, PJ Pankow, JF Barbash, JE Price, CV Zogorski, JS AF Squillace, PJ Pankow, JF Barbash, JE Price, CV Zogorski, JS TI Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION; DRINKING-WATER; FULVIC-ACIDS; CHLORINATION; COAGULATION; PRECURSORS AB Water samples collected for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often preserved with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to inhibit the biotransformation of the analytes of interest until the chemical analyses can be performed. However, it is theoretically possible that residual free chlorine in the HCL can react with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to form chloroform via the haloform reaction. Analyses of 1501 ground water samples preserved with HCl from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program indicate that chloroform was the most commonly detected VOC among 60 VOCs monitored. The DOC concentrations were not Significantly larger in samples with detectable chloroform than:in those with no detectable chloroform, nor was there-any correlation between the concentrations of chloroform and DOC. Furthermore, chloroform was detected more frequently in shallow ground water in urban areas (28.5% of the wells:sampled) than in agricultural areas (1.6% of the wells sampled), which indicates that its detection was more related to urban land-use activities than to sample acidification. These data provide strong evidence that acidification with HCl does not lead to the production of significant amounts of chloroform in ground water samples. To verify these results, an acidification study was designed to measure the concentrations of all trihalomethanes (THMs) that can form as a result of HCl preservation in ground water samples and to determine:if ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) could inhibit this reaction if it did occur. This study showed that no THMs were formed as a result of HCl acidification, and that ascorbic acid had no discernible effect on the concentrations of THMs measured. C1 US Geol Survey, Volatile Organ Chem Natl Synth Project, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Squillace, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volatile Organ Chem Natl Synth Project, 1608 Mt View Rd, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 170NG UT WOS:000078811700004 ER PT J AU Landa, ER Beals, DR Halverson, JE Michel, RL Cefus, GR AF Landa, ER Beals, DR Halverson, JE Michel, RL Cefus, GR TI Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tritium; Pu-239; Pu-240; radioactivity, environmental ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; FALLOUT PLUTONIUM; NORTH PACIFIC; DEEP-SEA; DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSPORT; ISOTOPES; ATLANTIC AB During the summer of 1993, seawater in the Bering and (Chukchi Seas was sampled on a joint Russian-American cruise [BERPAC] of the RV Okean to determine concentrations of tritium, Pu-239 and Pu-240. Concentrations of tritium were determined by electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintillation counting. Tritium levels ranged up to 420 mBq L-1 and showed no evidence of inputs other than those attributed to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Plutonium was recovered from water samples hy ferric hydroxide precipitation, and concentrations were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Pu239+240 concentrations ranged from <1 to 5.5 mu Bq L-1. These concentrations are lower than those measured in water samples from other parts of the ocean during the mid-1960's to the late 1980's. The Pu-240:Pu-239 ratios, although associated with large uncertainties, suggest that most of the plutonium is derived from world-wide fallout, As points of comparison, the highest concentrations of tritium and plutonium observed here were about five orders of magnitude lower than the maximum permissible concentrations allowed in water released to the off-site environs from licensed nuclear facilities in the United States. This study and others sponsored by the international Atomic Energy Agency and the Office of Naval Research's Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program are providing data for the assessment of potential radiological impacts in the Arctic regions associated with nuclear waste disposal by the former Soviet Union. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Measurement Technol Dept, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM erlanda@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 77 IS 6 BP 668 EP 676 DI 10.1097/00004032-199912000-00011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 255HD UT WOS:000083662700010 PM 10568546 ER PT J AU Hamilton, SJ AF Hamilton, SJ TI Hypothesis of historical effects from selenium on endangered fish in the Colorado River basin SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE Colorado River; Gunnison River; endangered fish; Colorado pikeminnow; razorback sucker; bonytail; irrigation; drainage; selenium ID CONTAMINANT-BIOMONITORING-PROGRAM; SUCKER XYRAUCHEN-TEXANUS; MIDDLE GREEN-RIVER; FRESH-WATER FISH; SAN-JUAN RIVER; RAZORBACK SUCKER; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; NEW-MEXICO; UTAH; INORGANICS AB Anthropogenic selenium contamination of aquatic ecosystems was first associated with cooling reservoirs of coal-fired power plants in the late 1970s, and later with drainage water from agricultural irrigation activities in the 1980s. In the 1990s, selenium contamination has been raised as a concern in the recovery of currently endangered fish in the Colorado River system. Widespread contamination from seleniferous drain waters from agriculture has been documented in the upper and lower Colorado River basins. Historically, irrigation started in the upper Colorado River basin in the late 1880s. In the 1930s, selenium concentrations in various drains, tributaries, and major rivers in the upper and lower Colorado River basins were in the 100s and 1000s of mu g/L. Native fish inhabiting large rivers such as the Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker were abundant before 1890, but became rare after 1910 to 1920, before the influence of mainstem reservoirs in the upper and lower Colorado River. A hypothesis is presented that selenium contamination of the tributaries and major rivers of the Colorado River basin in the 1890 to 1910 period caused the decline of the endangered fish and continues to inhibit their recovery. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. RP Hamilton, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Ecotoxicol Res Stn, 31247 436th Ave, Yankton, SD 57078 USA. NR 105 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1153 EP 1180 DI 10.1080/10807039991289383 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 279TJ UT WOS:000085061000003 ER PT J AU Skorupa, JP AF Skorupa, JP TI Beware missing data and undernourished statistical models: Comment on fairbrother et al.'s critical evaluation SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Letter ID MALLARD REPRODUCTION; DUCKLING GROWTH; SELENIUM; SURVIVAL C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Contaminants, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Skorupa, JP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Contaminants, 2800 Cottage Way,Rm W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1255 EP 1262 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 279TJ UT WOS:000085061000007 ER PT J AU Raffensperger, JP Vlassopoulos, D AF Raffensperger, JP Vlassopoulos, D TI The potential for free and mixed convection in sedimentary basins SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE numerical modeling; free convection; general hydrogeology; sedimentary rocks; thermal conditions ID COSTA-RICA RIFT; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; THERMAL-CONVECTION; NORTH-SEA; HYDROCARBON MIGRATION; QUARTZ CEMENTATION; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MASS-TRANSPORT; OCEANIC-CRUST; ORE-DEPOSITS AB Free thermal convection and mixed convection are considered as potential mechanisms for mass and heat transport in sedimentary basins. Mixed convention occurs when horizontal flows (forced convection) are superimposed on thermally driven flows. In cross section, mixed convection is characterized by convection cells that migrate laterally in the direction of forced convective flow. Two-dimensional finite-element simulations of variable-density groundwater flow and heat transport in a horizontal porous layer were performed to determine critical mean Rayleigh numbers for the onset of free convection, using both isothermal and semi-conductive boundaries. Additional simulations imposed a varying lateral fluid flux on the free-convection pattern. Results from these experiments indicate that forced convection becomes dominant, completely eliminating buoyancy-driven circulation, when the total forced-convection fluid flux exceeds the total flux possible due to free convection. Calculations of the thermal rock alteration index (RAI=q.del T) delineate the patterns of potential diagenesis produced by fluid movement through temperature gradients. Free convection produces a distinct pattern of alternating positive and negative RAIs, whereas mixed convection produces a simpler layering of positive and negative values and in general less diagenetic alteration. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Raffensperger, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. OI Raffensperger, Jeff/0000-0001-9275-6646 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 7 IS 6 BP 505 EP 520 DI 10.1007/s100400050224 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 269GM UT WOS:000084468400001 ER PT J AU Larson, DL Newton, WE Anderson, PJ Stein, SJ AF Larson, DL Newton, WE Anderson, PJ Stein, SJ TI Effects of fire retardant chemical and fire suppressant foam on shrub steppe vegetation in northern Nevada SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire retardant; class A foam; Great Basin; shrub steppe; wildland fire ID ACUTE TOXICITY; DOMINANCE AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fire retardant chemical (Phos-Chek G75-F*) and fire suppressant foam (Silv-Ex) application, alone and in combination with fire, on Great Basin shrub steppe vegetation. We measured growth, resprouting, flowering, and incidence of galling insects on Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus and Artemisia tridentata. These characteristics were not affected by any chemical treatment. We measured community characteristics, including species richness, evenness, and diversity, and number of stems of woody and herbaceous plants in riparian and upland plots. Of these characteristics, only species richness and number of stems/m(2) clearly responded to the chemical treatments, and the response was modified by fire. In general, species richness declined, especially after Phos-Chek application. However, by the end of the growing season, species richness did not differ between treated and control plots. A canonical variate analysis suggested that burning had a greater influence on community composition than did the chemical treatments. In general, riparian areas showed more significant responses to the treatments than did upland areas, and June applications produced greater changes in species richness and stem density than did July applications. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 100 Ecol Bldg,1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dlarson@biosci.umn.edu; wesley_newton@usgs.gov; patrick_anderson@usgs.gov; sstein@ewu.edu NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 115 EP 127 DI 10.1071/WF00013 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 391DU UT WOS:000166339500005 ER PT J AU Moisen, GG Edwards, TC AF Moisen, GG Edwards, TC TI Use of generalized linear models and digital data in a forest inventory of northern Utah SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring Surveys Over Time CY 1998 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Univ Washington Natl Res Ctr Statist & Envirnom, US Envirnom Protect Agcy, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Inventory & Analysis Inst, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, USDA Forest Serv, Inventory & Monitor Inst & Forest Inventory & Analysis HO UNIV WASHINGTON DE AVHRR; generalized additive model; GIS; map accuracy; sample survey; stratification; satellite imagery; TM ID ACCURACY AB Forest inventories, like those conducted by the Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) in the Rocky Mountain Region, are under increased pressure to produce better information at reduced costs. Here we describe our efforts in Utah to merge satellite-based information with forest inventory data for the purposes of reducing the costs of estimates of forest population totals and providing spatial depiction of forest resources. We illustrate how generalized linear models can be used to construct approximately unbiased and efficient estimates of population totals while providing a mechanism for prediction in space for mapping of forest structure. We model forest type and timber volume of five tree species groups as functions of a variety of predictor variables in the northern Utah mountains. Predictor variables include elevation, aspect, slope, geographic coordinates, as well as vegetation cover types based on satellite data from both the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Thematic Mapper (TM) platforms. We examine the relative precision of estimates of area by forest type and mean cubic-foot volumes under six different models, including the traditional double sampling for stratification strategy. Only very small gains in precision were realized through the use of expensive photointerpreted or TM-based data for stratification, while models based on topography and spatial coordinates alone were competitive. We also compare the predictive capability of the models through various map accuracy measures. The models including the TM-based vegetation performed best overall, while topography and spatial coordinates alone provided substantial information at very low cost. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. Utah State Univ, USGS Biol Resources Div, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Moisen, GG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGRIC BIOL ENVIR S JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 4 IS 4 BP 372 EP 390 DI 10.2307/1400496 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 265XE UT WOS:000084270800006 ER PT J AU Wikle, CK Royle, JA AF Wikle, CK Royle, JA TI Space-time dynamic design of environmental monitoring networks SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring Surveys Over Time CY 1998 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP Univ Washington, Natl Res Ctr Stat & Environm, US EPA, USDA, Forest Serv, Nat Resources Inventory & Anal Inst, USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Nat Resources Inventory & Anal Inst, USDA, Forest Serv, Inventory & Monitoring Inst & Forest Inventory & Anal HO UNIV WASHINGTON DE environment; Kalman filter; network design; optimal design; ozone; sampling; space-time modeling; spatial design; spatial sampling; spatial statistics ID WET DEPOSITION; KALMAN FILTER; TRENDS AB Methods for constructing optimal spatial sampling designs for environmental monitoring networks, widely applied in a large number of disciplines, generally produce static designs that are optimal under models with no explicit temporal structure. However, environmental processes tend to exhibit both spatial and temporal variability; hence, static networks may not capture the essential spatiotemporal variability of the process. Static designs, often necessary due to geopolitical and economic considerations, could be supplemented with mobile monitoring devices. The design problem is to decide where mobile monitors should be located at time t + 1 based on observations through time t. We propose a simple, general, dynamical space-time model that allows estimation of prediction error covariance at time t + 1, given information up to time t. We then seek the optimal spatial locations at time t + 1 that satisfy some design criterion. Several experiments show the importance of spatial and temporal structure in the selection of optimal designs. Data from the Chicago area ozone monitoring network are used to demonstrate potential dynamical designs under realistic space-time dependence assumptions. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Adapt Management & Assessment Team, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Wikle, CK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wikle@stat.missouri.edu; jar@oriole.er.usgs.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 4 IS 4 BP 489 EP 507 DI 10.2307/1400504 PG 19 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 265XE UT WOS:000084270800014 ER PT J AU Blazer, VS Vogelbein, WK Densmore, CL May, EB Lilley, JH Zwerner, DE AF Blazer, VS Vogelbein, WK Densmore, CL May, EB Lilley, JH Zwerner, DE TI Aphanomyces as a cause of ulcerative skin lesions of menhaden from Chesapeake Bay tributaries SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME EUS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; FISH KILLS; PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; ESTUARINE FISH; SP-NOV; DISEASE; INVADERIS; BEHAVIOR AB During the summer and fall of 1997, an unusually high prevalence of skin lesions in fishes from Chesapeake Bay tributaries as well as two fish kills in the Pocomoke River stimulated significant public concern. Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrcannus were the most frequent target of the acute fish kills and displayed skin lesions that were attributed to the presence of the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida. Hence, the penetrating skin ulcers so commonly found in this species are now widely viewed by the general public and some scientists as Pfiesteria-related and to be caused by exposure to Pfiesteria toxin. We examined, histologically, 121 menhaden with these ulcers collected from both Maryland and Virginia waters of the Chesapeake Bay in 1997 and 31 from the Pocomoke and Wicomico rivers in 1998. All of the deeply penetrating ulcers, as well as raised lesions (with or without eroded epithelium), were characterized by deeply penetrating fungal hyphae surrounded by chronic, granulomatous inflammation. These lesions had an appearance identical or similar to epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), an ulcerative mycotic syndrome of fishes in other parts of the world caused by the fungal pathogen Aphanomyces invadans. They were also identical to ulcerative mycosis of menhaden previously reported along the Atlantic coast of the USA as associated with Aphanomyces spp. In 1998, using methods for isolation of A. invadans, we were able to culture from affected menhaden an Aphanomyces sp. that by preliminary tests is similar or identical to A. invadans. We believe these findings suggest that factors other than Pfiesteria toxin need to be considered as the cause or initiator of these lesions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Aquat Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. Univ Stirling, Inst Aquaculture, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Blazer, VS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Biol Resources Div, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM vicki_blazer@usgs.gov OI Lilley, James/0000-0001-8324-1683 NR 37 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 340 EP 349 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1999)011<0340:AAACOU>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 316TU UT WOS:000087184800004 ER PT J AU Hans, KM Mesa, MG Maule, AG AF Hans, KM Mesa, MG Maule, AG TI Rate of disappearance of gas bubble trauma signs in juvenile salmonids SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON AB To assess the rate of disappearance of gas bubble trauma (GBT) signs in juvenile salmonids, we exposed spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss to water containing high levels of dissolved gas supersaturation (DGS) for a time period sufficient to induce signs of GBT, reduced the DGS to minimal levels, and then sampled fish through time to document changes in severity of GBT. Because of the tendency of GBT signs to dissipate at different rates, we conducted trials focusing on emboli (bubbles) in the gill filaments and lateral line and separate trials that focused on bubbles in the external surfaces (fins, eyes, and opercula). Bubbles in gill filaments dissipated almost completely within 2 h after transfer of fish to water of nearly normal DGS (104%), whereas bubbles in the lateral line dissipated to negligible levels within 5 h. Bubbles on external surfaces were more persistent through time than they were in gill filaments and the lateral line. Although typically dissipating to low levels within 48 h, external bubbles sometimes remained for 4 d. Assuming a direct relation exists between easily observable signs and direct mortality, our results suggest that fish can recover quickly from the potentially lethal effects of DGS once they move from water with high DGS to water of almost normal gas saturation. These results should be of fundamental importance to fishery managers interpreting the results of monitoring for the severity and prevalence of GBT in juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River system and perhaps elsewhere. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Maule, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1999)011<0383:RODOGB>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 316TU UT WOS:000087184800008 ER PT J AU Pilkey, OH Thieler, ER Young, RS Bush, DM AF Pilkey, OH Thieler, ER Young, RS Bush, DM TI Reply to: Houston, J.R., rejoinder to: Pilkey, O.H., Young, R.S., Thieler, E.R., Jacobs, B.S., Katuna, M.P., Lennon, G. and Moeller, M.E., 1996. Reply to Houston, J.R., a discussion of the generalized model for simulating shoreline change (GENESIS). Journal of Costal Research, 12(4), 1044-1050; Ibid., 14(3), 1170-1173. SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; SHOREFACE PROFILE; BOTTOM; EQUILIBRIUM; BEACH; SHELF C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Program Study Dev Shorelines, Durham, NC 27708 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. State Univ W Georgia, Dept Geol, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. RP Pilkey, OH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Program Study Dev Shorelines, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 157RE UT WOS:000078074800025 ER PT J AU Davis, JB Miller, DL Kaminski, RW Vrtiska, MP Richardson, DM AF Davis, JB Miller, DL Kaminski, RW Vrtiska, MP Richardson, DM TI Evaluation of a radio transmitter for Wood Duck ducklings SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALLARD DUCKLINGS; SURVIVAL; MINNESOTA; BROODS AB Studies of radio-marked ducklings are few, and none have examined the effect of radio transmitters on survival and body mass of Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) ducklings. We evaluated the effect of 1.6-g prong transmitters on survival and mass of captive reared, wild-strain Wood Duck ducklings during their first 2 wk of life. No differences in either survival (P > 0.9) or body mass (0.20 less than or equal to: P less than or equal to 0.34) were detected between radio-marked and unmarked ducklings. This transmitter and attachment method seem to be a viable technique for radio-marking free-ranging Wood Duck ducklings. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Noxubee Natl Wildlife Refuge, Brooksville, MS 39739 USA. RP Davis, JB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 192FB UT WOS:000080066900015 ER PT J AU Shackford, JS Leslie, DM Harden, WD AF Shackford, JS Leslie, DM Harden, WD TI Range-wide use of cultivated fields by Mountain Plovers during the breeding season SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During six summers from 1986 through 1995, we searched cultivated fields in Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas for Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) during the breeding and premigratory seasons. We observed 2208 Mountain Plovers on 416 cultivated fields, 96.9% of which were observed in seven counties in four states. We located 52 nests on cultivated fields: 50% on fallow or bare fields (greater than or equal to 95% bare), 23.1% on wheat fields, 1.9% on both wheat and forb stubble fields, and the remainder on fields of mile (13.5%), forbs (7.7%), and corn (3.8%). Of 46 nests found on cultivated fields, 31 failed; 70.9% were destroyed by farm machinery, and known losses to predation were only 3.3%. Mountain Plovers nested and appeared to rear young (30 chicks observed) on cultivated fields in southern latitudes, particularly on fields used for winter wheat. Cultivated fields will play an important role in the conservation of the Mountain Plover, as it is considered for threatened or endangered status, but comparative research is needed to clarify that role relative re use of native habitat. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Shackford, JS (reprint author), 429 Oak Cliff Dr, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 192FB UT WOS:000080066900016 ER PT J AU Theiling, CH Tucker, JK Cronin, FA AF Theiling, CH Tucker, JK Cronin, FA TI Flooding and fish diversity in a reclaimed river-wetland SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; HABITAT; STREAM; DISTURBANCE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Attempts at large river restoration are few and largely experimental. We studied a newly constructed river-wetland project on the upper Mississippi River three years after its completion. Species inventories for fish began to be compiled in the spring of 1993. Coincidentally, record rainfall throughout the midwest resulted in extreme floods and caused flooding of the study area during 1993. Fish communities responded to flooding with increased species diversity immediately following the flood. Wetland habitats yielded eight species of fish prior to flooding in June of 1993 compared to 26 species collected at the same sites in August 1993 following the flood crest. June 1994 sampling caught 33 species, but they declined to 16 in subsequent collections during August 1994. Flooding served to provide at least a temporary increase in diversity. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Long Term Resources Monitoring Program Pool 26, Brighton, IL 62012 USA. RP Theiling, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1080/02705060.1999.9663705 PG 7 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CU UT WOS:000084518500008 ER PT J AU Theiling, CH Tucker, JK AF Theiling, CH Tucker, JK TI Nektonic invertebrate dynamics and prolonged summer flooding on the lower Illinois River SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE AB Prolonged extreme flooding during mid-summer 1993 provided an opportunity to investigate nektonic invertebrate dynamics in lower Illinois River floodplains and backwater lakes. We used plankton nets to sample flooded grass shorelines, flooded forests, and open water habitats during rising and falling stages of the flood. Transects oriented perpendicular to shore were sampled to investigate community composition along the floodplain gradient extending riverward. Invertebrate densities differed between samples collected on the rising stage of the flood (mean = 11,584 individuals m(-3)) and on the falling stage of the flood (mean = 78 individuals m(-3)). Density estimates from samples collected at the shoreline of the rising flood waters exceeded estimates from open water and the falling flood shoreline by two orders of magnitude. Corixids were the most abundant taxa found (78%) at flooded shorelines. Densities were highest in inundated grass habitats at the rising edge of the flood. Flooded trees had the next highest densities, followed by floating macrophytes and open water. Our findings exemplify the flood pulse hypothesis in that productivity, as measured by invertebrate density, increased dramatically on the rising flood but then fell just as dramatically on the falling flood. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Illinois Nat History Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Pool 26, Brighton, IL 62012 USA. RP Theiling, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1080/02705060.1999.9663708 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CU UT WOS:000084518500011 ER PT J AU Fontenot, QC Rutherford, DA AF Fontenot, QC Rutherford, DA TI Observations on the reproductive ecology of pirate perch Aphredoderus sayanus SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS; ABUNDANCE; FISHES AB The pirate perch (Aphredoderus sayanus) is common throughout its range, however, little is known about its reproductive ecology. Reports of spawning periods range from January to April, but it is unclear whether the pirate perch is a nest spawner or a branchial brooder. Results of this study indicated the major spawning period for pirate perch in the Atchafalaya River Basin, Louisiana, is February through March (12.6 - 22.8 degrees C). Larval pirate perch were collected in limnetic areas at 3.6-mm total length and were absent at 14-mm total length. It appears that adult pirate perch are nor branchial brooders but release their adhesive eggs over leaf litter and woody debris. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Fontenot, QC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Fish & Wildlife Res Unit,Dept Aquaculture Fisheri, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1080/02705060.1999.9663712 PG 5 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CU UT WOS:000084518500015 ER PT J AU Nicoll, RS Miller, JFR Nowlan, GS Repetski, JE Ethington, RL AF Nicoll, RS Miller, JFR Nowlan, GS Repetski, JE Ethington, RL TI Designation of holotypes for new species of Iapetonudus Nicoll, Miller, Nowlan, Repetski and Ethington and Iapetognathus landing (vol 44, pg 27, 1999) SO JOURNAL OF MICROPALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Australian Geol Survey Org, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Geog Geol & Planning, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Nicoll, RS (reprint author), Australian Geol Survey Org, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH, AVON, ENGLAND BA1 3JN SN 0262-821X J9 J MICROPALAEONTOL JI J. Micropalaentol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 BP 124 EP 124 PN 2 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 274QG UT WOS:000084776100004 ER PT J AU Diller, LV Thome, DM AF Diller, LV Thome, DM TI Population density of Northern Spotted Owls in managed young-growth forests in coastal northern California SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Northern Spotted Owl; Strix occidentalis caurina; California; density; managed forests; mark-recapture ID NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; RECAPTURE MODELS; HYPOTHESES; SELECTION; SURVIVAL AB We estimated population densities of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in managed young-growth forests in coastal northern California fi-om 1991-97. The 1266 km(2) study area was divided into three subregions (Klamath-666 km(2), Korbel-392 km(2) and Mad River-208 km(2)) and completely surveyed each of the seven years. A total of 446 individual owls was marked to generate both empirical and Jolly-Seber (J-S) estimates of density. Mean empirical and J-S estimates of abundance were similar but mean estimates of crude density (territorial owls/km(2)) differed among the three subregions (Klamath-0.092 +/- 0.006 [+/-SE], Korbel-0.351 +/- 0.011, Mad River-0.313 +/- 0.017 and overall mean-0.209 +/- 0.009). Significant differences in for est age-class composition among the three subregions provided a plausible explanation for the low Klamath density but did not account for the similar densities observed in Korbel and Mad River. Ecological densities (number of individuals/area of habitat) were higher than crude densities but the interpretation of this was limited because only nesting habitat was used to estimate suitable habitat. Compared to limited published reports, densities were relatively high in two of the three subregions in our study but this was probably typical of Northern Spotted Owl densities for portions of coastal northern California. Recognizing the limitations of using density to indicate habitat quality, our study provided valuable baseline data for assessing long-term trends in Northern Spotted Owl population dynamics within the study area. C1 Simpson Timber Co, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RP Diller, LV (reprint author), Simpson Timber Co, POB 68, Korbel, CA 95550 USA. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 33 IS 4 BP 275 EP 286 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 278RF UT WOS:000085002200001 ER PT J AU Jacobson, MJ Hodges, JI AF Jacobson, MJ Hodges, JI TI Population trend of adult Bald Eagles in southeast Alaska, 1967-97 SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; southeast Alaska; population trend; aerial surveys; random plot sampling ID VALDEZ-OIL-SPILL AB Six aerial surveys to estimate the population size of adult Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in southeast Alaska were conducted from 1967-97. A stratified random sampling method was used, focusing on plots 166 km(2) in size. All surveys were flown in late April and early May when egg laying and early incubation were in progress. A fitted regression line (P = 0.02) indicated the adult Bald Eagle population increased 92% during the survey period, from 6941 in 1967 to 13 327 in 1997. However, we detected no significant population differences from 1982-97, which suggested the population may have begun to stabilize. The increase of the adult Bald Eagle population in southeast Alaska probably represents a recovery from the effects of the 1917-53 eagle bounty in Alaska when as many as 150 000 Bald Eagles were killed. The later establishment of protection zones at eagle nest trees and other kev waterfront habitat on national forest lands (80% of the land base) may have helped allow the population to increase. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Jacobson, MJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Vintage Blvd,Suite 240, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 33 IS 4 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 278RF UT WOS:000085002200003 ER PT J AU Bowman, TD Schempf, PF AF Bowman, TD Schempf, PF TI Detection of Bald Eagles during aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; aerial survey; detection rates; visibility bias; Prince William Sound, Alaska ID VISIBILITY BIAS; POPULATION AB Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are often counted by aerial surveys but, because some birds are not detected, this approach provides only an index to population size. We estimated detection rates for Bald Eagles during fixed-wing aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska to extrapolate the index to an estimate of the total population of Bald Eagles in Prince William Sound. Using a modified Petersen estimate and independent front and back seat observers, we estimated that we detected 79% and 51% of observable adult and immature eagles, respectively. Using data from a radiotelemetry study, we also estimated that 21% of adult eagles were unavailable for detection because they were in locations not visible to airborne observers following the shoreline at tree-top level. Combining both perception and availability biases, 62% of adult eagles was seen (visibility, correction factor of 1.6). Detection rates were similar between a Cessna 185 and a turbine DeHavilland Beaver aircraft. We believe these detection rates are generally applicable to Bald Eagles in the coniferous coastal forests from Washington to Alaska, but encourage collection of similar data in future surveys to enable estimates of site-specific detection rates. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Bowman, TD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 33 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 278RF UT WOS:000085002200004 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Woffinden, N Whitlock, PL Tsengeg, P AF Ellis, DH Woffinden, N Whitlock, PL Tsengeg, P TI Pronounced variation in tarsal and foot feathering in the Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) in Mongolia SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Upland Buzzard; Buteo hemilasius; feather conditions; ptilosis C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, HCR 1 Box 4420, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 33 IS 4 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 278RF UT WOS:000085002200008 ER PT J AU Kusky, TM Bradley, DC AF Kusky, TM Bradley, DC TI Kinematic analysis of melange fabrics: examples and applications from the McHugh Complex, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHUGACH ACCRETIONARY COMPLEX; SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA; SHIMANTO BELT; KODIAK-ISLANDS; SLIP VECTORS; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN; PLATE CONVERGENCE; CRUSTAL TRANSECT; EPISODIC GROWTH AB Permian to Cretaceous mi lange of the McHugh Complex on the Kenai Peninsula, south-central Alaska includes blocks and belts of graywacke, argillite, limestone, chert, basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks, intruded by a variety of igneous rocks. An oceanic plate stratigraphy is repeated hundreds of times across the map area, but most structures at the outcrop scale extend lithological layering. Strong rheological units occur as blocks within a matrix that flowed around the competent blocks during deformation, forming broken formation and melange. Deformation was noncoaxial, and disruption of primary layering was a consequence of general strain driven by plate convergence in a relatively narrow zone between the overriding accretionary wedge and the downgoing, generally thinly sedimented oceanic plate. Soft-sediment deformation processes do not appear to have played a major role in the formation of the melange. A model for deformation at the toe of the wedge is proposed in which layers oriented at low angles to al are contracted in both the brittle and ductile regimes, layers at 30-45 degrees to sigma(1) are extended in the brittle regime and contracted in the ductile regime, and layers at angles greater than 45 degrees to sigma(1) are extended in both the brittle and ductile regimes. Imbrication in thrust duplexes occurs at deeper levels within the wedge. Many structures within mi lange of the McHugh Complex are asymmetric and record kinematic information consistent with the inferred structural setting in an accretionary wedge. A displacement field for the McHugh Complex on the lower Kenai Peninsula includes three belts: an inboard belt of Late Triassic rocks records west-to-east-directed slip of hanging walls, a central belt of predominantly Early Jurassic rocks records north-south directed displacements, and Early Cretaceous rocks in an outboard belt preserve southwest-northeast directed slip vectors. Although precise ages of accretion are unknown, slip directions are compatible with inferred plate motions during the general time frame of accretion of the McHugh Complex. The slip vectors are interpreted to preserve the convergence directions between the overriding and underriding plates, which became more oblique with time. They are not considered indicative of strain partitioning into belts of orogen-parallel and orogen-perpendicular displacements, because the kinematic data are derived from the earliest preserved structures, whereas fabrics related to strain partitioning would be expected to be superimposed on earlier accretion-related fabrics. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Kusky, TM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RI Kusky, Timothy/E-6016-2010; OI Kusky, Timothy/0000-0002-4553-620X NR 94 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1773 EP 1796 DI 10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00105-4 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 257JE UT WOS:000083778100007 ER PT J AU Wolock, DM McCabe, GJ AF Wolock, DM McCabe, GJ TI Estimates of runoff using water-balance and atmospheric general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The effects of potential climate change on mean annual runoff in the conterminous United States (U.S.) are examined using a simple water-balance model and output from two atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs). The two GCMs are from the Canadian Centre for Climate Prediction and Analysis (CCC) and the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HAD). In general, the CCC GCM climate results in decreases in runoff for the conterminous U.S., and the HAD GCM climate produces increases in runoff. These estimated changes in runoff primarily are the result of estimated changes in precipitation. The changes in mean annual runoff however, mostly are smaller than the decade-to-decade variability in GCM-based mean annual runoff and errors in GCM-based runoff. The differences in simulated runoff between the two GCMs, together with decade-to-decade variability and errors in GCM-based runoff, cause the estimates of changes in runoff to be uncertain and unreliable. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66209 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Wolock, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66209 USA. NR 8 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1350 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04219.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 271ZB UT WOS:000084624600005 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM TI General-circulation-model simulations of future snowpack in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; snow and ice hydrology; surface water hydrology; meteorology/climatology ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SENSITIVITY; BASIN AB April 1 snowpack accumulations measured at 311 snow courses in the western United States (U.S.) are grouped using a correlation-based cluster analysis. A conceptual snow accumulation and melt model and monthly temperature and precipitation for each cluster are used to estimate cluster-average April 1 snowpack. The conceptual snow model is subsequently used to estimate future snowpack by using changes in monthly temperature and precipitation simulated by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCC) and the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HADLEY) general circulation models (GCMs). Results for the CCC model indicate that although winter precipitation is estimated to increase in the future, increases in temperatures will result in large decreases in April 1 snowpack for the entire western US. Results for the HADLEY model also indicate large decreases in April 1 snowpack for most of the western US, but the decreases are not as severe as those estimated using the CCC simulations. Although snowpack conditions are estimated to decrease for most areas of the western US, both GCMs estimate a general increase in winter precipitation toward the latter half of the next century. Thus, water quantity may be increased in the western US; however, the timing of runoff will be altered because precipitation will more frequently occur as rain rather than as snow. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 412, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 27 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1473 EP 1484 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04231.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 271ZB UT WOS:000084624600017 ER PT J AU Frederick, KD Schwarz, GE AF Frederick, KD Schwarz, GE TI Socioeconomic impacts of climate change on US water supplies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE economics; water and climate; climate change; socioeconomic impacts of climate change; adaptation to climate change; water management and climate change ID DEMAND AB A greenhouse warning would have major effects on water supplies and demands. A framework for examining the socioeconomic impacts associated with changes in the long-term availability of water is developed and applied to the hydrologic implications of the Canadian and British Hadley2 general circulation models (GCMs) for the 18 water resource regions in the conterminous United States. The climate projections of these two GCMs have very different implications for future water supplies and costs. The Canadian model suggests most of the nation would be much drier in the year 2030. Under the least-cost management scenario the drier climate could add nearly $105 billion to the estimated costs of balancing supplies and demands relative to the costs without climate change. Measures to protect instream flows and irrigation could result in significantly higher costs. In contrast, projections based on the Hadley model suggest water supplies would increase throughout much of the nation, reducing the costs of balancing water supplies with demands relative to the no-climate change case. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1583 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04238.x PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 271ZB UT WOS:000084624600024 ER PT J AU Hostetler, SW Small, EE AF Hostetler, SW Small, EE TI Response of North American freshwater lakes to simulated future climates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; freshwater lakes; aquatic ecosystem; lake modeling ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WATER ECOSYSTEMS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; POTENTIAL CHANGES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; MODEL; ICE; SENSITIVITY; EVAPORATION; LAHONTAN AB We apply a physically based lake model to assess the response of North American lakes to future climate conditions as portrayed by the transient trace-gas simulations conducted with the Max Planck Institute (ECHAM4) and the Canadian Climate Center (CGCM1) atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (A/OGCMs). To quantify spatial patterns of lake responses (temperature, mixing, ice cover, evaporation) we ran the lake model for theoretical lakes of specified area, depth, and transparency over a uniformly spaced (50 lan) grid. The simulations were conducted for two 10-year periods that represent present climatic conditions and those around the time of CO2 doubling. Although the climate model output produces simulated lake responses that differ in specific regional details, there is broad agreement with regard to the direction and area of change. In particular, lake temperatures are generally warmer in the future as a result of warmer climatic conditions and a substantial loss (> 100 days/yr) of winter ice cover. Simulated summer lake temperatures are higher than 30 degrees C over the Midwest and south, suggesting the potential for future disturbance of existing aquatic ecosystems. Overall increases in lake evaporation combine with disparate changes in A/OGCM precipitation to produce future changes in net moisture (precipitation minus evaporation) that are of less fidelity than those of lake temperature. C1 US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM steve@ucar.edu RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Small, eric/K-6007-2015 NR 52 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1625 EP 1637 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04241.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 271ZB UT WOS:000084624600027 ER PT J AU Moulton, SR Harris, SC AF Moulton, SR Harris, SC TI Redescriptions of the Oxyethira aeola Group species in North America (Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae): clarification of a taxonomic enigma SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Oxyethira aeola Group; Hydroptilidae; Trichoptera; taxonomy; distribution AB The Oxyethira aeola Group at present contains 8 species distributed among Nearctic, Palaearctic, and Neotropical regions. The 4 North American species of this group, O. abacatia Denning, O. aeola Ross, O. anabola Blickle, and O. mirabilis Morton, are similar and difficult to identify. The males of each of the 4 species are redescribed, illustrated, and keyed to clarify the confusing taxonomy. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Biol Grp, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Moulton, SR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Biol Grp, POB 25046,MS 407, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 IS 4 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.2307/1468386 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 280PK UT WOS:000085111000011 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM Garner, G AF Mulcahy, DM Garner, G TI Subcutaneous implantation of satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae into male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE marine mammal; polar bear; satellite; Ursus maritimus; telemetry; transmitter ID RADIO-TRANSMITTER; DUCKS AB Male polar bears (Ursus,,maritimus) have not been successfully instrumented with satellite transmitters because they readily shed collar-mounted transmitters. Seven male polar bears were captured on the pack ice off the northern coast of Alaska and surgically implanted with satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae into the subcutaneous space of the dorsal cervical region. Transmitters failed prematurely with lifetimes of 30-161 days ((x) over bar = 97 days). Efforts to relocate implanted bears after transmitters failed were not successful. Thr mean number of location solutions per transmitter was 204 (range 118-369). An average of 10% and 19% of the locations were accurate to <150 m and to 150-350 m, respectively. Our successful tracking of male polar bears, the high quality of locations obtained from transmitters with percutaneous antennae implanted in the subcutaneous space, and the low visibility of such units make further technical development worthwhile if the reason for premature failure of the transmitters can be determined. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 510 EP 515 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 292BK UT WOS:000085774100006 PM 10749436 ER PT J AU Doe, BR Reddy, MM Eggleston, JR AF Doe, BR Reddy, MM Eggleston, JR TI Pollution damage to the Powell Building, Reston,Virginia SO MATERIALS PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article AB Concrete column segments of the Powell Building (Reston, VA) exposed to the elements and wetted by precipitation were "cleaned" and roughened, but sheltered portions of the columns retained their smoothness and pollution accumulates, similar to observations for limestone, marble, and sandstone. Weathering effects on the columns were dominated by precipitation run-off and not the acidity of the precipitation. The process may be dry deposition of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxides (NOx) that formed soluble salts in the presence of humid air or dew, salts that were removed by precipitation run-off. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Cent Res, Branch Reg Res, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. RP Doe, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0094-1492 J9 MATER PERFORMANCE JI Mater. Perform. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 38 IS 12 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 328KQ UT WOS:000087850400035 ER PT J AU King, TL Eackles, MS Gjetvaj, B Hoeh, WR AF King, TL Eackles, MS Gjetvaj, B Hoeh, WR TI Intraspecific phylogeography of Lasmigona subviridis (Bivalvia : Unionidae): conservation implications of range discontinuity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COI; ITS-1; Lasmigona subviridis; phylogenetics; phylogeography ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICAN; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; FISHES; REGION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; SEQUENCES; GENETICS AB A nucleotide sequence analysis of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) between the 5.8S and 18S ribosomal DNA genes (640 bp) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (576 bp) was conducted for the freshwater bivalve Lasmigona subviridis and three congeners to determine the utility of these regions in identifying phylogeographic and phylogenetic structure. Sequence analysis of the ITS-1 region indicated a zone of discontinuity in the genetic population structure between a group of L. subviridis populations inhabiting the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers and more southern populations. Moreover, haplotype patterns resulting from variation in the COI region suggested an absence of gene exchange between tributaries within two different river drainages, as well as between adjacent rivers systems. The authors recommend that the northern and southern populations, which are reproductively isolated and constitute evolutionarily significant lineages, be managed as separate conservation units. Results from the COI region suggest that, in some cases, unionid relocations should be avoided between tributaries of the same drainage because these populations may have been reproductively isolated for thousands of generations. Therefore, unionid bivalves distributed among discontinuous habitats (e.g. Atlantic slope drainages) potentially should be considered evolutionarily distinct. The DNA sequence divergences observed in the nuclear and mtDNA regions among the Lasmigona species were congruent, although the level of divergence in the COI region was up to three times greater. The genus Lasmigona, as represented by the four species surveyed in this study, may not be monophyletic. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 49 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 8 IS 12 SU 1 BP S65 EP S78 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00784.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 291MB UT WOS:000085737800008 PM 10703552 ER PT J AU King, TL Burke, T AF King, TL Burke, T TI Special issue on gene conservation: Identification and management of genetic diversity SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENTS; ACT; SYSTEMATICS C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RI Burke, Terry/B-3196-2011 OI Burke, Terry/0000-0003-3848-1244 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 8 IS 12 SU 1 BP S1 EP S3 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00893.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 291MB UT WOS:000085737800001 PM 10703546 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL Crow, KD Fountain, MC AF Nielsen, JL Crow, KD Fountain, MC TI Microsatellite diversity and conservation of a relic trout population: McCloud River redband trout SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE McCloud River; microsatellites; molecular systematics; Oncorhynchus mykiss; redband trout ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTH-AMERICAN; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; MUTATIONAL PROCESSES; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ATLANTIC SALMON AB Rainbow trout native to the McCloud River, California, USA (Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei) are thought to represent a relic, nonanadromous trout adapted to harsh, fragmented environments. These fish, commonly named McCloud River 'redband' trout, survive in their most primitive form in a small, spring-fed stream, Sheepheaven Creek, in the upper McCloud River drainage. Turn-of-the-century fisheries records document both coastal anadromous steelhead and freshwater resident trout within the McCloud River drainage. The phylogenetic position of the McCloud River redband trout within O. mykiss has been debated for over 50 years. Based on phenotypic evidence, these fish were first reported as 'southern Sierra golden trout' by Wales in 1939. Behnke (1970) considered them a relic subspecies of nonanadromous, fine-scaled trout. Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA evidence suggested a coastal lineage. In this study, we examined within- and among-basin genetic associations for Sheepheaven Creek redband trout using 11 microsatellite loci. Within-basin analyses supported unique genetic characteristics in Sheepheaven Creek's trout in comparisons with other McCloud River rainbow trout. Microsatellite data supported significant independence between Sheepheaven Creek fish and hatchery rainbow trout. Inter-basin genetic distance analyses positioned Sheepheaven Creek fish with samples collected from Lassen Creek, a geographically proximate stream containing inland redband trout. California's redband trout shared a close genetic association with Little Kern River golden trout (O.m. whitei) and isolated rainbow trout from Rio Santo Domingo, Baja, Mexico (O.m. nelsoni), suggesting a vicariant distribution of microsatellite diversity throughout the southern range of this species. C1 USGS BRD, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), USGS BRD, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM jennifer_nielsen@usgs.gov NR 85 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 8 IS 12 SU 1 BP S129 EP S142 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00817.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 291MB UT WOS:000085737800013 PM 10703556 ER PT J AU Sharkov, EV Chistyakov, AV Laz'ko, EE Quick, JE AF Sharkov, EV Chistyakov, AV Laz'ko, EE Quick, JE TI Evolution of composition of major mineral phases in layered complex of ophiolite assemblage: Evidence for the Voykar ophiolites (Polar Urals, Russia) SO OFIOLITI LA English DT Article DE Voykar ophiolite; layered complex; megarhythm; magmatic evolution; mineral compositions; Urals; Russia ID MAGMA CHAMBER; MODEL; OMAN; MANTLE; CRUST AB We present a detailed study of compositional variation of major minerals through a cross section of the layered complex of the Late Devonian Voykar ophiolite assemblage (Polar Urals). The principal characteristics of this layered complex suggest crystallization from a periodically replenished open magma system in a tectonically dynamic, oceanic environment. The complex may be described in terms of two sequences of cumulus rocks. or megarhythms, that each display an upward progression from ultramafic to gabbroic composition. A transitional zone between the megarhythms is characterized by an upwardly reverse Lithologic progression from gabbroic to ultramafic composition. Broad cryptic variation in mineral composition over intervals >100 m parallel changes in the lithologic abundances and suggest changes in the rate of magma supply relative to crystallization and(or) tapping of different mantle sources that had been previously depicted to different degrees. The mineralogy, mineral compositions and isotopic composition of the layered complex coupled with the association of the Voykar ophiolite with island-are complexes suggest that it most likely formed in a buck-arc basin. C1 RAS, Inst Ore Deposits Geol Petrol Mineral & Geochem, Moscow, Russia. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Sharkov, EV (reprint author), RAS, Inst Ore Deposits Geol Petrol Mineral & Geochem, Moscow, Russia. EM sharkov@igem.ru; jquick@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFIOLITI PI FIRENZE PA DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE DELLA TERRA, UNIVERSITA DI FIRENZE, VIA G LA PIRA 4,, 50121 FIRENZE, ITALY SN 0391-2612 J9 OFIOLITI JI Ofioliti PD DEC PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 SI SI BP 247 EP 257 PG 11 WC Geology SC Geology GA 272EL UT WOS:000084637500006 ER PT J AU Westerhoff, P Debroux, J Aiken, G Amy, G AF Westerhoff, P Debroux, J Aiken, G Amy, G TI Ozone-induced changes in natural organic matter (NOM) structure SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ozone; natural organic matter (NOM); humic acids; fulvic acids; C-13-NMR spectroscopy; aromatic carbon; anomeric carbon; carboxyl carbon; drinking water treatment; potentiometric titrations ID AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FULVIC-ACID; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; WATER-TREATMENT; OZONATION; DECOMPOSITION; CHLORINATION; REMOVAL AB Hydrophobic organic acids (combined humic and fulvic acids), obtained from an Antarctic Lake with predominantly microbially derived organic carbon sources and two US river systems with terrestrial organic carbon sources, were ozonated. Several analyses, including C-13-NMR, UV absorbance, fluorescence, hydrophobic/transphilic classification, and potentiometric titrations, were performed before and after ozonation. Ozonation reduced aromatic carbon content, selectively reducing phenolic carbon content. Ozonation of the samples resulted in increased aliphatic, carboxyl, plus acetal and ketal anomeric carbon content and shifted towards less hydrophobic compounds. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Westerhoff, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 21 IS 6 BP 551 EP 570 DI 10.1080/01919512.1999.10382893 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 273TG UT WOS:000084723100002 ER PT J AU Mullins, JL Hallam, CA Hothem, LD Thomas, JC AF Mullins, JL Hallam, CA Hothem, LD Thomas, JC TI The geodesy and mapping program of the United States Geological Survey in Antarctica SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Mapping Div, Polar Programs, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Mullins, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Mapping Div, Polar Programs, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1340 EP 1341 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 262ZV UT WOS:000084098900001 ER PT J AU Matzko, JR Butler, B AF Matzko, JR Butler, B TI ICBMs and the environment: Assessments at a base in Kazakhstan SO POST-SOVIET GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB A paper by two U.S. scientists explores the environmental/health hazard posed by abandoned missile launch sites and control facilities (dismantled by 1998 as part of the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program) at an ICBM base in north-central Kazakhstan. It summarizes the findings of Environmental Site Assessment Reports based on a program of water and soil sampling at the sites, with a particular focus on testing for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls, various toxic metals, and radiation. The study is important iii that it documents levels of contamination (and describes abatement measures) at a former Soviet missile bass. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H50. I10, Q20, 7 figures, 10 references. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Harding Lawson Associates, Portland, ME 04112 USA. RP Matzko, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 1088-9388 J9 POST-SOV GEOGR ECON JI Post-Sov. Geogr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 40 IS 8 BP 617 EP 628 PG 12 WC Economics; Geography SC Business & Economics; Geography GA 275ND UT WOS:000084825500002 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Noblett, J Wobus, RA Unruh, D Douglass, J Beane, R Davis, C Goldman, S Kay, G Gustavson, B Saltoun, B Stewart, J AF Smith, DR Noblett, J Wobus, RA Unruh, D Douglass, J Beane, R Davis, C Goldman, S Kay, G Gustavson, B Saltoun, B Stewart, J TI Petrology and geochemistry of late-stage intrusions of the A-type, mid-Proterozoic Pikes Peak batholith (Central Colorado, USA): implications for petrogenetic models SO PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE A-type granites; Colorado; geochemistry; neodymium isotopes; Proterozoic ID LARAMIE ANORTHOSITE COMPLEX; CALC-ALKALINE; ANOROGENIC GRANITES; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; SILICIC MAGMAS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRACE-ELEMENT; FRONT RANGE; NEW-MEXICO; ORIGIN AB The similar to 1.08 Ga anorogenic, A-type Pikes Peak batholith (Front Range, central Colorado) is dominated by coarse-grained, biotite+/-amphibole syenogranites and minor monzogranites, collectively referred to as Pikes Peak granite (PPG). The batholith is also host to numerous small, late-stage plutons that have been subdivided into two groups (e.g. Wobus, 1976. Studies in Colorado Field Geology, Colorado School of Mines Professional Contributions, Colorado): (1) a sodic series (SiO(2) = similar to 44-78 wt%; K/Na = 0.32-1.36) composed of gabbro, diabase, syenite/quartz syenite and fayalite and sodic amphibole granite; and (2) a potassic series (SiO(2) = similar to 70-77 wt%; K/Na = 0.95-2.05), composed of biotite granite and minor quartz monzonite. Differences in major and trace element and Nd isotopic characteristics for the two series indicate different petrogenetic histories. Potassic granites of the late-stage intrusions appear to represent crustal anatectic melts derived from tonalite sources. based on comparison of their major element compositions with experimental melt products. In addition, Nd isotopic characteristics of the potassic granites [epsilon(Nd)(1.08 Ga) = -0.2 to -2.7] overlap with those for tonalites/granodiorites [ca 1.7 Ga Boulder Creek intrusions; epsilon(Nd)(1.08 Ga) = -2.4 to -3.6] exposed in the region. Some of the partial melts evolved by fractionation dominated by feldspar. The late-stage potassic granites share geochemical characteristics with most of the PPG, which is also interpreted to have an anatectic origin involving tonalitic crust. The origin of monzogranites associated with the PPG remains unclear, but mixing between granitic and mafic or intermediate magmas is a possibility. C1 Trinity Univ, Dept Geosci, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Geol, Williamstown, MA 02167 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Washington & Lee Univ, Dept Geol, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Geol, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Coll Wooster, Dept Geol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Beloit Coll, Dept Geol, Beloit, WI 53511 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Trinity Univ, Dept Geosci, 715 Stadium Dr, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. EM dsmith@trinity.edu NR 95 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-9268 J9 PRECAMBRIAN RES JI Precambrian Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 98 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 305 DI 10.1016/S0301-9268(99)00049-2 PG 35 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 251ZJ UT WOS:000083476000005 ER PT J AU King, SL Keeland, BD AF King, SL Keeland, BD TI Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY; BOTTOMLAND HARDWOODS; FLOODPLAIN FORESTS; DANUBE DELTA; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; WETLANDS; LANDSCAPE AB Only about 2.8 million ha of an estimated original 10 million ha of bottomland hardwood forests still exist in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S Forest Service, and state agencies initiated reforestation efforts in the late 1980s to improve wildlife habitat, We surveyed restorationists responsible for reforestation in the LMAV to determine the magnitude of past and future efforts and to identify major limiting factors. Over the past 10 years, 77,698 ha have been reforested by the agencies represented in our survey and an additional 89,009 ha are targeted in the next 5 years. Oaks are the most commonly planted species and bare-root seedlings are the most commonly used planting stock. Problems with seedling availability may increase the diversity of plantings in the future. Reforestation in the LMAV is based upon principles of landscape ecology; however, local problems such as herbivory, drought, and flooding often limit success. Broad-scale hydrologic restoration is needed to fully restore the structural and functional attributes of these systems, but because of drastic and widespread hydrologic alterations and socioeconomic constraints, this goal is generally not realistic. Local hydrologic restoration and creation of specific habitat features needed by some wildlife and fish species warrant attention. More extensive analyses of plantings are needed to evaluate functional success, The Wetland Reserve Program is a positive development, but policies that provide additional financial incentives to landowners for reforestation efforts should be seriously considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP King, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM sammy_king@usgs.gov NR 101 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72029.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268XD UT WOS:000084444200004 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Godoy, E Drake, RE Singer, B AF Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Godoy, E Drake, RE Singer, B TI The Puelche Volcanic Field: extensive Pleistocene rhyolite lava flows in the Andes of central Chile SO REVISTA GEOLOGICA DE CHILE LA English DT Article DE Volcanic field; Pleistocene; Andes; central Chile ID SAN-PEDRO COMPLEX; LOMA SECA TUFF; CALABOZOS CALDERA; SOUTHERN ANDES; SILICIC VOLCANISM; MAGMATIC SYSTEM; EVOLUTION; PLATEAU; CONTAMINATION; 36-DEGREES-S AB A remote volcanic field in the rugged headwaters of the Rio Puelche and Rio Invernada (35.8 degrees S) constitutes the largest cluster of Quaternary rhyolite lava flows yet identified in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. The Puelche Volcanic Field belongs to an intra-arc belt of silicic magmatic centers that extends, at least, 140 km north-south and lies well east of the volcanic front but nonetheless considerably west of the intraplate extensional fields of basaltic and alkaline centers of pampean Argentina. The authors' mapping has distinguished one shallow intrusive mass of early Pleistocene biotite rhyodacite (70.5% SiO2), 11 eruptive units of mid-Pleistocene high-K biotite-rhyolite lava (71.3-75.6% SiO2), and 4 eruptive units of basaltic andesite (53.95-4.9% SiO2), the conduits of which cut some of the rhyolites. Basal contacts of the rhyolite lava flows (and subjacent pyroclastic precursors) are generally scree covered, but glacial erosion has exposed internal flow structures and lithologic zonation superbly. Thicknesses of individual rhyolite lava flows range from 75 m to 400 m. Feeders for several units are well exposed. Cliff-draping unconformities and intracanyon relationships among the 11 rhyolite units show that the eruptive sequence spanned at least one glacial episode that accentuated the local relief. Lack of ice-contact features suggests, however, that all or most eruptions took place during non-glacial intervals probably between 400 ka and 100 ka. Post-eruptive glacial erosion reduced the rhyolites to several non-contiguous remnants that altogether cover 83 km(2) and represent a surviving volume of about 21 km(3). Consideration of slopes, lava thicknesses, and paleotopography suggest that the original area and volume were each about three times greater. Phenocryst content of the rhyolites ranges from 1 to 12%, with plagioclase>>biotite>FeTi oxides in all units and amphibole conspicuous in the least silicic. The chemically varied basaltic andesites range from phenocryst-poor to phenocryst-rich, exhibiting large differences in proportions of clinopyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, and xenocrystic quartz. Compositional bimodality of the volcanic field is striking, there being no Quaternary eruptive units having SiO2 contents between 55 and 70%. Major and trace element compositions of the mafic and silicic rocks are nonetheless typical of continental-margin are suites, not of intracontinental suites. The lack of intermediate eruptive units and the differences between the mafic and rhyolitic lavas in Sr-isotope composition suggest that the rhyolites fractionated from a hybrid parent rather than continuously from basaltic magma. The rhyolites may contain larger contributions of upper-crustal partial melts than do silicic products of the volcanic-front centers 30 km to the west. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hildreth, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hildreth@mojave.wr.usgs.gov; jfierstn@mojave.wr.usgs.gov; egodoy@Sernageomin.cl; drakewood@hotmail.com; bsinger@geology.wisc.edu RI Singer, Bradley/F-4991-2012 OI Singer, Bradley/0000-0003-3595-5168 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU SERVICIO NACIONAL GEOLOGIA MINERVA PI SANTIAGO PA AVDA SANTA MARIO 0104, CASILLA 10465, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0716-0208 J9 REV GEOL CHILE JI Rev. Geol. Chile PD DEC PY 1999 VL 26 IS 2 BP 275 EP + PG 34 WC Geology SC Geology GA 272GM UT WOS:000084642200008 ER PT J AU Ding, ZH Zheng, BS Zhang, J Belkin, HE Finkelman, RB Zhao, FH Zhao, DX Zhou, YS Chen, CG AF Ding, ZH Zheng, BS Zhang, J Belkin, HE Finkelman, RB Zhao, FH Zhao, DX Zhou, YS Chen, CG TI Preliminary study on the mode of occurrence of arsenic in high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE high As bearing coals; modes of occurrence; southwest Guizhon Province; arsenosis AB Coal samples from high arsenic coal areas have been analyzed by electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA), scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), low temperature ashing (LTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), instrument neutron activation analysis (INAA) and wet chemical analysis. Although some As-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, realgar(?), As-bearing sulfate, and As-bearing clays are found in the high arsenic coals, their contents do not account for the abundance of arsenic in the some coals. Analysis of the coal indicates that arsenic exists mainly in the form of As5+ and As3+ , combined with compounds in the organic matrix. The occurrence of such exceptionally high arsenic contents in coal and the fact that the arsenic is dominantly organically associated are unique observations. The modes of occurrence of arsenic in high As-coals are discussed. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing Grad Sch, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Sanitat & Antiepidem Stn Qianxinan Autonomous Pre, Xingyi 562400, Peoples R China. Adm Gold Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture Guizhou, Xingyi 562400, Peoples R China. RP Ding, ZH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, Guiyang 550002, Peoples R China. RI Ding, ZH/G-4679-2010 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9313 J9 SCI CHINA SER D JI Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1007/BF02877793 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 266DQ UT WOS:000084285700011 ER PT J AU O'Shea, TJ Vaughan, TA AF O'Shea, TJ Vaughan, TA TI Population changes in bats from central Arizona: 1972 and 1997 SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ANTROZOUS-PALLIDUS; FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMY AB Prompted by concern about declining bat populations in the southwestern United States, we surveyed for changes in populations between 1972 and 1997 at a study area in central Arizona. We duplicated earlier searches of ancient Indian dwellings and crevices in surrounding cliffs for diurnally roosting bats during the time of year when maternity colonies should have been present, and repeated mist-netting to capture bats in flight along the cliffs at night. Antrozous pallidus was gone. A maternity colony of Myotis velifer no longer existed. Tadarida brasiliensis was rare in 1997 compared to 1972; aggregations of Myotis yumanensis seen in 1972 were missing in 1997. Breeding Corynorhinus townsendii were found in 1997, bur were unknown at this location in 1972. Small numbers of Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis californicus, and Pipistrellus hesperus occupied the site in both 1972 and 1997. Additionally, museum records show that most of the bats we documented at this site also were present in 1931 Surrounding habitat did not appear substantially different between 1972 and 1997, and a reconstruction of possible impacts from bat biologists did not suggest that researchers caused the local extinctions we document. The most obvious change over 25 years was a dramatic increase in recreational use of the area. We believe that disturbances associated with recreationists resulted in the observed population changes, primarily through roost abandonment. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP O'Shea, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.2307/3672349 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276HT UT WOS:000084872700009 ER PT J AU Woodin, MC Skoruppa, MK Blacklock, GW Hickman, GC AF Woodin, MC Skoruppa, MK Blacklock, GW Hickman, GC TI Discovery of a second population of white-collared seedeaters, Sporophila torqueola (Passeriformes : Emberizidae) along the Rio Grande of Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Stn, TAMU CC, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Woodin, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Texas Gulf Coast Field Stn, TAMU CC, Box 339, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.2307/3672357 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276HT UT WOS:000084872700017 ER PT J AU McCracken, KG Harshman, J McClellan, DA Afton, AD AF McCracken, KG Harshman, J McClellan, DA Afton, AD TI Data set incongruence and correlated character evolution: An example of functional convergence in the hind-limbs of stifftail diving ducks SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anatidae; Anseriformes; behavior; congruence analysis; cytochrome b; diving; functional morphology; foraging ecology; Oxyurinae ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; SEQUENCES; ANATIDAE; CONGRUENCE; ANSERIFORMES; CONFIDENCE; CONSENSUS AB The unwitting inclusion of convergent characters in phylogenetic estimates poses a serious problem for efforts to recover phylogeny. Convergence is not inscrutable, however, particularly when one group of characters tracks phylogeny and another set tracks adaptive history. In such cases, convergent characters may be correlated with one or a few functional anatomical units and readily identifiable by using comparative methods. Stifftail ducks (Oxyurinae) offer one such opportunity to study correlated character evolution and function in the context of phylogenetic reconstruction. Morphological analyses place stifftail ducks as part of a large clade of diving ducks that includes the sea ducks (Mergini), Hymenolaimus, Merganetta, and Tachyeres, and possibly the pochards (Aythyini). Molecular analyses, on the other hand, place stifftails far from other diving ducks and suggest, moreover, that stiff tails are polyphyletic. Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of eight stifftail species traditionally supposed to form a clade were compared with each other and with sequences from 50 other anseriform and galliform species. Stifftail ducks are not the sister group of sea ducks but lie outside the typical ducks (Anatinae). Of the four traditional stifftail genera, monophyly of Oxyura and its sister group relationship with Nomonyx are strongly supported. Heteronetta probably is the sister group of that clade, but support is weak. Biziura is not a true stifftail. Within Oxyura, Old World species (O. australis, O. leucocephala, O. maccoa) appear to form a clade, with New World species (O. jamaicensis, O. vittala) branching basally. Incongruence between molecules and morphology is interpreted to be the result of adaptive specialization and functional convergence in the hind limbs of Biziura and hue stifftails. When morphological characters are divided into classes, only hind-limb characters are significantly in conflict with the molecular tree. Likewise, null models of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution based on patterns of codon-degeneracy and chemical dissimilarity indicate that the nucleotide and amino acid changes postulated by the molecular tree are more plausible than those postulated by the morphological tree. These findings teach general lessons about the utility of highly adaptive characters tin particular those related to foraging ecology) and underscore the problems that convergence can pose for attempts to recover phylogeny. They also demonstrate how the concept of natural data partitions and simple models of evolution (e.g., parsimony, likelihood, neutrality) can be used to test the accuracy of independent phylogenetic estimates and provide arguments in favor of one tree topology over another. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Galvin Life Sci Ctr 107, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM kmccrack@darwvin.helios.nd.edu NR 99 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 48 IS 4 BP 683 EP 714 PG 32 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 334KE UT WOS:000088185000001 PM 12066296 ER PT J AU ten Brink, US Shimizu, N Molzer, PC AF ten Brink, US Shimizu, N Molzer, PC TI Plate deformation at depth under northern California: Slab gap or stretched slab? SO TECTONICS LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TRIPLE JUNCTION MIGRATION; FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; FORE-ARC BASIN; CENOZOIC VOLCANISM; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; OPHIOLITIC BASEMENT; WESTERN CALIFORNIA; OCEANIC-CRUST AB Plate kinematic interpretations for northern California predict a gap in the underlying subducted slab caused by the northward migration of the Pacific-North America-Juan de Fuca triple junction. However, large-scale decompression melting and asthenospheric upwelling to the base of the overlying plate within the postulated gap are not supported by geophysical and geochemical observations. We suggest a model for the interaction between the three prates which is compatible with the observations. In this "slab stretch" model the Juan de Fuca plate under coastal northern California deforms by stretching and thinning to fill the geometrical gap formed in the wake of the northward migrating Mendocino triple junction. The stretching is in response to boundary forces acting on the plate. The thinning results in an elevated geothermal gradient, which may be roughly equivalent to a 4 Ma oceanic lithosphere, still much cooler than that inferred by the slab gap model. We show that reequilibration of this geothermal gradient under 20-30 km thick overlying plate can explain the minor Neogene volcanic activity, its chemical composition, and the heat flow. In contrast to northern California, geochemical and geophysical consequences of a "true" slab gap can be observed in the California Inner Continental Borderland offshore Las Angeles, where local asthenospheric upwelling probably took place during the Miocene as a result of horizontal extension and rotation of the overlying plate. The elevated heat flow in central California can be explained by thermal reequilibration of the stalled Monterey microplate under the Coast Ranges, rather than by a slab gap or viscous sheer heating in the mantle. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP ten Brink, US (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI ten Brink, Uri/A-1258-2008 OI ten Brink, Uri/0000-0001-6858-3001 NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0278-7407 J9 TECTONICS JI Tectonics PD DEC PY 1999 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1084 EP 1098 DI 10.1029/1999TC900050 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 265QW UT WOS:000084255700009 ER PT J AU Springer, AE Wright, JM Shafroth, PB Stromberg, JC Patten, DT AF Springer, AE Wright, JM Shafroth, PB Stromberg, JC Patten, DT TI Coupling groundwater and riparian vegetation models to assess effects of reservoir releases SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VADOSE ZONE; DECLINE; RIVER; FLOWS; GIS AB Although riparian areas in the arid southwestern United States are critical fbr maintaining species diversity, their extent and health have been declining since Euro-American settlement. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to evaluate the potential for riparian vegetation restoration and groundwater recharge. A numerical groundwater flow model was coupled with a conceptual riparian vegetation model to predict hydrologic conditions favorable to maintaining riparian vegetation downstream of a reservoir. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for this one-way coupling. Constant and seasonally varying releases from the dam were simulated using volumes anticipated to be permitted by a regional water supplier. Simulations indicated that seasonally variable releases would produce surface flow 5.4-8.5 km below the dam in a previously dry reach. Using depth to groundwater simulations from the numerical flow model with conceptual models of depths to water necessary for maintenance of riparian vegetation, the GIS analysis predicted a 5- to 6.5-fold increase in the area capable of sustaining riparian vegetation. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Brown & Caldwell, Phoenix, AZ 85012 USA. RP Springer, AE (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, POB 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3621 EP 3630 DI 10.1029/1999WR900233 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264GX UT WOS:000084173200003 ER PT J AU Robertson, DM Roerish, ED AF Robertson, DM Roerish, ED TI Influence of various water quality sampling strategies on load estimates for small streams SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT LOADS AB Extensive streamflow and water quality data from eight small streams were systematically subsampled to represent various water-quality sampling strategies. The subsampled data were then used to determine the accuracy and precision of annual load estimates generated by means of a regression approach (typically used for big rivers) and to determine the most effective sampling strategy for small streams. Estimation of annual loads by regression was imprecise regardless of the sampling strategy used; for the most effective strategy, median absolute errors were similar to 30% based on the load estimated with an integration method and all available data, if a regression approach is used with daily average streamflow. The most effective sampling strategy depends on the length of the study. For 1-year studies, fixed-period monthly sampling supplemented by storm chasing was the most effective strategy. For studies of 2 or more years, fixed-period semimonthly sampling resulted in not only the least biased but also the most precise loads. Additional high-flow samples, typically collected to help define the relation between high streamflow and high loads, result in imprecise, overestimated annual loads if these samples are consistently collected early in high-flow events. C1 USGS, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Robertson, DM (reprint author), USGS, Div Water Resources, 8505 Res Way, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. OI Robertson, Dale/0000-0001-6799-0596 NR 26 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3747 EP 3759 DI 10.1029/1999WR900277 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264GX UT WOS:000084173200014 ER PT J AU Lorah, MM Olsen, LD AF Lorah, MM Olsen, LD TI Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a freshwater tidal wetland: Field evidence of anaerobic biodegradation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WATER INTERFACE; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; METHANE PRODUCTION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; TRANSFORMATIONS; HYDROCARBONS; GROUNDWATER; SEDIMENTS; TETRACHLOROETHYLENE AB Field evidence collected along two groundwater flow paths shows that anaerobic biodegradation naturally attenuates a plume of chlorinated volatile organic compounds as it discharges from an aerobic sand aquifer through wetland sediments. A decrease in concentrations of two parent contaminants, trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (PCA), and a concomitant increase in concentrations of anaerobic daughter products occurs along upward flow paths through the wetland sediments. The daughter products 1,2-dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, End 1,2-dichloroethane are produced, from hydrogenolysis of TCE and from PCA degradation through hydrogenolysis and dichloroelimination (reductive dechlorination) pathways. Total concentrations of TCE, PCA, and their degradation products, however, decrease to below detection levels within 0.15-0.30 m of land surface. The enhanced reductive dechlorination of TCE and PCA in the wetland sediments is associated with the naturally higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and the lower redox state of the groundwater compared to the aquifer. This field study indicates that wetlands and similar organic-rich environments at groundwater/surface-water interfaces may be important in intercepting groundwater contaminated with chlorinated organics and in naturally reducing concentrations and toxicity before sensitive surface-water receptors are reached. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lorah, MM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD USA. EM mmlorah@usgs.gov NR 54 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3811 EP 3827 DI 10.1029/1999WR900116 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264GX UT WOS:000084173200020 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL Kimball, BA McKnight, DM Bencala, KE AF Runkel, RL Kimball, BA McKnight, DM Bencala, KE TI Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC MOUNTAIN STREAM; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; IRON PHOTOREDUCTION; RIFFLE STREAM; MODEL; SIMULATION; ADSORPTION; ALUMINUM; COPPER AB A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron-oxide-coated streambed) is defined as a surface with a temporally constant solid concentration. Limited contact between solutes in the water column and the static surface is considered using a pseudokinetic approach. A dynamic surface (e.g., freshly precipitated metal. oxides) has a temporally variable solid concentration and is in equilibrium with the water column. Transport and deposition of solute mass sorbed to the dynamic surface is represented in the stream transport equations that include precipitate settling. The model is applied to a pH-modification experiment in an acid mine drainage stream. Dissolved copper concentrations were depressed for a 3 hour period in response to the experimentally elevated pH. After passage of the pH front, copper was desorbed, and dissolved concentrations returned to ambient levels. Copper sorption is modeled by considering sorption to aged hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) on the streambed (static surface) and freshly precipitated HFO in the water column (dynamic surface). Comparison of parameter estimates with reported values suggests that naturally formed iron oxides may be more effective in removing trace metals than synthetic oxides used in laboratory studies. The model's ability to simulate pH, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption provides a means of evaluating the complex interactions between trace metal chemistry and hydrologic transport at the field scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; OI MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533 NR 42 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3829 EP 3840 DI 10.1029/1999WR900259 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264GX UT WOS:000084173200021 ER EF