FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mayanovic, RA Jayanetti, S Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM AF Mayanovic, RA Jayanetti, S Anderson, AJ Bassett, WA Chou, IM TI Relaxation of the structure of simple metal ion complexes in aqueous solutions at up to supercritical conditions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; MICROBEAM XAFS; WATER; HYDRATION; EXAFS; TRANSITION; SIMULATION AB Our previous x-ray absorption fine structure studies of aqueous solutions revealed relaxation of the structure of complexes of Zn2+, Fe2+, La3+, and Yb3+ ions with increasing temperature. These complexes in general exhibit reduction of cation-ligand bond lengths with increasing temperature due to hydrogen bond breaking and loss of water of solvation. Because this results in an overall lowering of the equilibrium state of the complex, we refer to the variation of the structure as relaxation. In the case of M(H2O)(m)(n+) (m=6-9 at room temperature, n=2, 3) aquo ion complexes (M: Zn, Fe, La, Yb), there is a similar reduction in the number of coordinating water molecules with temperature. The relaxation of the structure is shown to result in a lowering of the binding energy per cation-ligand pair of a complex with increasing temperature. A comparison of the rate of structure relaxation with temperature, which is framed in the context of volume thermoelastic constriction, shows this quantity to have a gradual and direct dependence on the difference in Pauling's electronegativity of the cation-ligand pairs making up the ion complex. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. St Francis Xavier Univ, Dept Geol, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada. Cornell Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mayanovic, RA (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.1063/1.1524616 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 627RY UT WOS:000179949700027 ER PT J AU Calvert, AJ Fisher, MA Johnson, SY AF Calvert, AJ Fisher, MA Johnson, SY CA SHIPS Working Grp TI Along-strike variations in the shallow seismic velocity structure of the Seattle fault zone: Evidence for fault segmentation beneath Puget Sound SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Seattle Fault; seismic reflection; first arrival tomography; seismic velocity; seismic hazard ID CHI TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE; REFLECTION REFRACTION; WESTERN WASHINGTON; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; RESOLUTION; CASCADIA; LOWLAND; HAZARDS; ALASKA AB Around 1100 years ago, the Seattle fault, which trends east-west beneath Puget Sound and the greater Seattle metropolitan area, experienced a M>7 earthquake. We present high-resolution images of the shallow P wave velocity variation across the fault zone. These images were obtained by tomographic inversion of the first arrivals recorded along two north-south oriented seismic reflection lines shot within Puget Sound near Seattle. Just beneath the seafloor, the fault zone includes uplifted Tertiary rocks with seismic velocities in the range of 2300 to 2600 m s(-1). These velocities contrast markedly with values of similar to1600 m s(-1) in shallow Holocene sediments. South of the Seattle fault zone volcanic rocks of the Crescent Formation, which exhibit velocities >3700 m s(-1),are identified at depths of only 900 m. Seismic velocities of around 2600 m s(-1), which represent Oligocene rocks, are found in the hanging wall of the Seattle fault beneath eastern Puget Sound. In the west, lower, 2300 m s(-1) seismic velocities occur, probably due to the presence of Miocene rocks, which are not found in the east. Along-strike velocity variations arise from the folding of Tertiary rocks and the presence of distinct fault splays, including a north striking tear fault characterized by depressed seismic velocities that was intersected by the eastern seismic line. Along-strike differences in the uplift of Tertiary rocks beneath Puget Sound are likely associated with the existence of a segment boundary of the Seattle fault system. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM acalvert@sfu.ca; mfisher@wr.usgs.gov; sjohnson@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 3 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B1 AR 2005 DI 10.1029/2001JB001703 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 654MX UT WOS:000181501600004 ER PT J AU Schuur, EAG Trumbore, SE Mack, MC Harden, JW AF Schuur, EAG Trumbore, SE Mack, MC Harden, JW TI Isotopic composition of carbon dioxide from a boreal forest fire: Inferring carbon loss from measurements and modeling SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; fire; carbon isotope; global carbon cycling; radiocarbon; disturbance ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TREE LEAVES; BALANCE; RADIOCARBON; ECOSYSTEMS; EMISSIONS; DYNAMICS; ALASKA; CYCLE; WOOD AB [1] Fire is an important pathway for carbon (C) loss from boreal forest ecosystems and has a strong effect on ecosystem C balance. Fires can range widely in severity, defined as the amount of vegetation and forest floor consumed by fire, depending on local fuel and climatic conditions. Here we explore a novel method for estimating fire severity and loss of C from fire using the atmosphere to integrate ecosystem heterogeneity at the watershed scale. We measured the delta(13)C and Delta(14)C isotopic values of CO2 emitted from an experimental forest fire at the Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW), near Fairbanks, Alaska. We used inverse modeling combined with dual isotope measurements of C contained in aboveground black spruce biomass and soil organic horizons to estimate the amount of C released by this fire. The experimental burn was a medium to severe intensity fire that released, on average, about 2.5 kg Cm-2, more than half of the C contained in vegetation and soil organic horizon pools. For vegetation, the model predicted that approximately 70-75% of pools such as needles, fine branches, and bark were consumed by fire, whereas only 20-30% of pools such as coarse branches and cones were consumed. The fire was predicted to have almost completely consumed surface soil organic horizons and burned about half of the deepest humic horizon. The ability to estimate the amount of biomass combusted and C emission from fires at the watershed scale provides an extensive approach that can complement more limited intensive ground-based measurements. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schuur, EAG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Bot, 220 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013 NR 60 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JAN 2 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 AR 1001 DI 10.1029/2001GB001840 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 654KT UT WOS:000181496600001 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SL Barker, CE Seamount, D Dallegge, TA Swenson, RF AF Montgomery, SL Barker, CE Seamount, D Dallegge, TA Swenson, RF TI Coalbed methane, Cook Inlet, south-central Alaska: A potential giant gas resource SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TECTONICS; BASIN AB Cook Inlet Basin of south-central Alaska is a forearc basin containing voluminous Tertiary coal deposits with sufficient methane content to suggest a major coalbed gas resource. Coals ranging in thickness from 2 to 50 ft (0.6 to 15 m) and in gas content from 50 to 250 scf/ton (1.6 to 7.8 cm(2)/g) occur in Miocene-Oligocene fluvial deposits of the Kenai Group. These coals have been identified as the probable source of more than 8 tcf gas that has been produced from conventional sandstone reservoirs in the basin. Cook Inlet coals can be divided into two main groups: (1) those of bituminous rank in the Tyonek Formation that contain mainly thermogenic methane and are confined to the northeastern part of the basin (Matanuska Valley) and to deep levels elsewhere; and (2) subbituminous coals at shallow depths (<5000 ft [1524 m]) in the Tyonek and overlying Beluga formations, which contain mainly biogenic methane and cover most of, the central and southern basin. Based on core and corrected cuttings-desorption analyses, gas contents average 230 scf/ton (7.2 cm(2)/g) for bituminous coals and 80 scf/ton (2.5 cm(2/)g) for subbituminous coals. Isotherms constructed for samples of both coal ranks suggest that bituminous coals are saturated with respect to methane, whereas subbituminous coals at shallow depths along the eroded west-central basin margin are locally unsaturated. A preliminary estimate of 140 tcf gas in place is derived for the basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Montgomery, SL (reprint author), 1511 18th Ave E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 636WM UT WOS:000180480300001 ER PT J AU Higley, DK Cox, DO Weimer, RJ AF Higley, DK Cox, DO Weimer, RJ TI Petroleum system and production characteristics of the Muddy (J) Sandstone (Lower Cretaceous) Wattenberg continuous gas field, Denver basin, Colorado SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Wattenberg field is a continuous-type gas accumulation. Estimated ultimate recovery from current wells is 1.27 tcf of gas from the Lower Cretaceous Muddy (J) Sandstone. Mean gas resources that have the potential to be added to these reserves in the next 30 yr are 1.09 tcf; this will be primarily through infill. drilling to recover a greater percentage of gas in place and to drain areas that are isolated because of geologic compartmentalization. Greatest gas production from the Muddy (J) Sandstone in Wattenberg field occurs (1) from within the most permeable and thickest intervals of Fort Collins Member delta-front and nearshore-marine sandstones, (2) to a lesser extent from the Horsetooth Member valley-fill channel sandstones, (3) in association with a large thermal anomaly that is delineated by measured temperatures in wells and by vitrinite reflectance contours of 0.9% and greater, (4) in proximity to the bounding Mowry, Graneros, and Skull Creek shales that are the hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir seals, and, (5) between the Lafayette and Longmont. right-lateral wrench fault zones (WFZs) with secondary faults that act as conduits in areas of the field. The axis of greatest gas production is north 25 to 35degrees northeast g p g, which parallels the basin axis. Recurrent movement along five right-lateral WFZs that crosscut Wattenberg field shifted the Denver basin axis to the northeast and influenced depositional and erosional patterns of the reservoir and seal intervals. Levels of thermal maturity within the Wattenberg field are anomalously high compared to other areas of the Denver basin. The Wattenberg field thermal anomaly may be due to upward movement of fluids along faults associated with probable igneous intrusions. Areas of anomalous igh heat flow within the field correlate with an increased and variable gas-oil ratio. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Questa Engn Corp, Reservoir Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Higley, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 87 IS 1 BP 15 EP 37 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 636WM UT WOS:000180480300002 ER PT B AU Lawrence, G AF Lawrence, G BE White, JC TI Forest and terrestrial systems SO ACID RAIN: ARE THE PROBLEMS SOLVED? CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE TRENDS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acid Rain - Are the Problems Solved CY MAY 02-03, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Adirondack Council, Cornell Univ Ctr Environm, Dept Foreign Affairs & Int Trade Canada, Edison Elect Inst, Environm Canada/ Environm Canada, Environm Defense, EPRI, Keyspan Fdn, Natl Wildlife Federat, New York Power Author, New York State Adirondack Pk Agcy, New York State Dept Environm, Conservat, Div Air Resources, New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, Niagara Mohawk, State Univ New York Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, PRIMENet, US Environm Protect Acgy, Clean Air Market Div, US Geolog Survey, World Resources Inst C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lawrence, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 1-888569-47-6 J9 TR FISH SCI PY 2003 VL 2 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW29D UT WOS:000181467100010 ER PT B AU Campbell, DH AF Campbell, DH BE White, JC TI Atmospheric deposition and its effects in the intermountain west SO ACID RAIN: ARE THE PROBLEMS SOLVED? CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE TRENDS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acid Rain - Are the Problems Solved CY MAY 02-03, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Adirondack Council, Cornell Univ Ctr Environm, Dept Foreign Affairs & Int Trade Canada, Edison Elect Inst, Environm Canada/ Environm Canada, Environm Defense, EPRI, Keyspan Fdn, Natl Wildlife Federat, New York Power Author, New York State Adirondack Pk Agcy, New York State Dept Environm, Conservat, Div Air Resources, New York State Energy Res & Dev Author, Niagara Mohawk, State Univ New York Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, US Dept Interior, Natl Pk Serv, PRIMENet, US Environm Protect Acgy, Clean Air Market Div, US Geolog Survey, World Resources Inst C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Campbell, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 1-888569-47-6 J9 TR FISH SCI PY 2003 VL 2 BP 151 EP 156 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BW29D UT WOS:000181467100017 ER PT J AU Martin, KW Leslie, DM Payton, ME Puckette, WL Hensley, SL AF Martin, KW Leslie, DM Payton, ME Puckette, WL Hensley, SL TI Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens) SO ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE cave protection; cave conservation; emergence counts; endangered bats; Oklahoma ID BIG-EARED BAT; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; TOWNSENDII; DECLINE; YOUNG; GATE AB Persistent human disturbance is a major cause for the decline in populations of many cave-dwelling bats and other sensitive cave-obligate organisms. Cave gating has been used to eliminate human disturbance, but few studies have assessed directly the impact of such management activities on resident bats. In northeastern Oklahoma, USA, 25 entrances of caves inhabited by two endangered species and one endangered subspecies of bats are protected from human entry with internal gates. Because cave gates may impede ingress and egress of bats at caves, we evaluated the impacts of internal gates before and after their construction at six colonies of endangered gray bats (Myotis grisescens) from 1,981 to 2001. No caves were abandoned by gray bats after the construction of internal gates; in fact, total numbers of gray bats using the six caves increased from 60,130 in 1981 to 70,640 in 2001. Two caves harbored more gray bats after gating, and three caves had no change in gray bat numbers after gating. We also compared initiations of emergences at three gated and three open-passage caves in June and July 1999-2000. No differences in timing of initiation of emergence were found between colonies in gated versus open-passage caves. Our results support the use of internal gates to protect and thereby enhance recovery of colonies of endangered gray bats. Additional research is encouraged to confirm that our observations on gray bats are generally applicable to other species of cave-dwelling bats. C1 Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Stat, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Poteau Publ Sch, Poteau, OK USA. Sequoyah Ozark Plateau Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Tulsa, OK 74127 USA. RP Martin, KW (reprint author), Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Sci, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 13 PU POLISH ACAD OF SCIENCES PI WARSAW PA MUSEUM & INST ZOOLOGY WILCZA 64, 00-679 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1508-1109 J9 ACTA CHIROPTEROL JI Acta Chiropt. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 703JC UT WOS:000184275400013 ER PT B AU Mac, MJ AF Mac, MJ GP OECD TI Assessing biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems SO AGRICULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OECD Expert Meeting on Agri-Biodiversity Indicators CY NOV, 2001 CL Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev HO Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Mac, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-19920-9 PY 2003 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Biodiversity Conservation SC Agriculture; Biodiversity & Conservation GA BY85J UT WOS:000189478900017 ER PT J AU Flinders, CA Magoulick, DD AF Flinders, CA Magoulick, DD TI Effects of stream permanence on crayfish community structure SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID 2 INTERMITTENT STREAMS; FISH PREDATION; CHALK STREAM; ECOLOGY; FLOW; PREY; INVERTEBRATE; DISTURBANCE; AUSTRALIA; BERKSHIRE AB Little is known regarding the impact of stream drying on community structure and habitat selection of lotic crayfish. Crayfish community structure was measured through quantitative sampling of riffle, run and pool habitats in 15 intermittent and 21 permanent. streams in the Spring River watershed in the Ozark Plateau region of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri. MANOVA was used to determine whether stream permanence, habitat and crayfish size affect crayfish density and ANOVA was used to determine the effect of stream permanence and habitat type on species richness. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to determine the relationship between environmental variables and crayfish relative densities. Four crayfish species were collected: Orconectes marchandi, O. punctimanus, O. ozarkae and Cambarus hubbsi. Overall, crayfish densities were significantly greater in intermittent streams than in permanent streams with density of O. marchandi and O. punctimanus significantly greater in intermittent streams than in permanent streams. Densities of O. ozarkae and C. hubbsi did not differ significantly between the two stream types. Large individuals of O. punctimanus and O. ozarkae were found in significantly greater densities than small individuals. There was a significant relationship between crayfish relative density and abiotic environmental variables for permanent streams, but not for intermittent streams. In permanent streams, percent gravel, substrate diversity and mean current velocity were among the most important factors in determining crayfish density. Taxa mobility and predation risk are likely explanations for observed patterns of crayfish density. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0134:EOSPOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500010 ER PT J AU Wilson, RR Twedt, DJ AF Wilson, RR Twedt, DJ TI Spring bird migration in Mississippi alluvial valley forests SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID POINT COUNTS; ASSEMBLAGES; DENSITIES; ABUNDANCE AB We surveyed forest songbirds during migration in bottomland hardwood forest stands and managed cottonwood (Populus deltoides) plantations in northeast Louisiana and west-central Mississippi between 24 March and 24 May 1996 and 1997. We detected more bird species in bottomland hardwood stands than in cottonwood stands. Within hardwood stands, we detected more individuals in stands subjected,to uneven-aged timber harvest than in unmanaged stands. Early in migration, avian, species composition was similar in both forest types, being comprised mainly of short-distance migrants. Bird species composition in these forest types became increasingly disparate as long-distance neotropical-nearctic migrants arrived. Ten bird species were characteristic of bottomland hardwood forests, whereas eight different species were characteristic of managed cottonwood plantations. Because these two forest types supported different bird communities, both forest types provide important inland stopover habitat during migration. Silvicultural management of bottomland hardwood forests that increases their understory vegetation will provide forested habitat for a more species rich and abundant population of songbirds during migration. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM dan_twedt@usgs.gov OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0163:SBMIMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500012 ER PT J AU Loukmas, JJ Mayack, DT Richmond, ME AF Loukmas, JJ Mayack, DT Richmond, ME TI Track plate enclosures: Box designs affecting attractiveness to riparian mammals SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SCENT-STATION METHODOLOGY; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; MARTEN AB We examined the efficacy of four track plate enclosure designs for monitoring the abundance of small and medium-sized mammals along 10 streams in New York State. Box size and clarity of view through the box were evaluated as factors affecting visitation. We checked track plate stations weekly from September 1999 to March 2000. Eleven mammalian species or species groups visited the track plate stations. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) (P = 0.0.20) and feral cats (Felis catus) (P = 0.008) visited large enclosures significantly more than small enclosures. Feral cats visited clear-view enclosures significantly more than obstructed-view enclosures (P = 0.025). Enclosure size and view did not significantly affect visitation by other species; however, a large box with a clear view was the most effective design. C1 Cornell Univ, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, BRD, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Hale Creek Field Stn, Gloversville, NY 12078 USA. RP Loukmas, JJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Environm Conservat, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0219:TPEBDA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500017 ER PT J AU Castleberry, SB Castleberry, NL Wood, PB Ford, WM Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, SB Castleberry, NL Wood, PB Ford, WM Mengak, MT TI Fleas (Siphonaptera) of the allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia with comments on host specificity SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPECIES GROUP; FLORIDANA AB Previous research has indicated fewer host-specific ectoparasites on woodrats of the eastern United States as compared to western woodrat species. The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) is a species of conservation concern that is associated with rocky habitats in the Appalachian and Interior Highland regions in the eastern United States. We examined Allegheny woodrat flea parasites in the core of the distribution to further elucidate patterns of ectoparasite host specificity in woodrats of the eastern United States. Of 346 fleas collected from 62 Allegheny woodrats, all but 1 were identified as Orchopeas pennsylvanicus. The single exception was a male Epitedia cavernicola, which represents only the second collection of this species from West Virginia. Unlike the eastern woodrat (Neotoma flaridana), which hosts a variety of generalist flea parasites, Allegheny woodrats in our study were host to only 2 flea species, both of which are host specific to woodrats. We suggest that flea host specificity may be related to the specific habitat requirements of this species. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0233:FSOTAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500019 ER PT J AU Bury, RB Germano, DJ AF Bury, RB Germano, DJ TI Differences in habitat use by Blanding's turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, and painted turtles, Chysemys picta, in the Nebraska sandhills SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID POPULATION; GROWTH AB We sampled a variety of wetlands in the Nebraska sandhills at Valentine National Wildlife Refuge. Significantly more individuals of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) occurred in lakes and open waters than in marshes or small ponds, and the opposite was true for Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). Besides this marked difference in habitat use, 46% of the captured E. blandingii in pond/marsh habitat were juveniles, but only 31.6% in lakes and open water. Current information suggests that marshes and small ponds are important habitat for juvenile turtles, especially Emydoidea blandingii. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Calif State Univ Bakersfield, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA 93311 USA. RP Bury, RB (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)149[0241:DIHUBB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632QZ UT WOS:000180235500021 ER PT J AU Muths, E Campbell, DH Corn, PS AF Muths, E Campbell, DH Corn, PS TI Hatching success in salamanders and chorus frogs at two sites in Colorado, USA: effects of acidic deposition and climate SO AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN POPULATION; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; TIGER SALAMANDER; LOW PH; ACIDIFICATION; WATER; LAKES; BUFO AB The snowpack in the vicinity of the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area is among the most acidic in the western United States. We analyzed water chemistry and examined hatching success in tiger salamanders and chorus frogs at ponds there and at nearby Rabbit Ears Pass (Dumont) to determine whether acid deposition affects amphibians or their breeding habitats at these potentially sensitive locations. We found a wide range of acid neutralizing capacity among ponds within sites; the minimum pH recorded during the experiment was 5.4 at one of 12 ponds with all others at pH greater than or equal to 5.7. At Dumont, hatching success for chorus frogs was greater in ponds with low acid neutralizing capacity; however, lowest pHs were >5.8. At current levels of acid deposition, weather and pond characteristics are likely more important than acidity in influencing hatching success in amphibian larvae at these sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Muths, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0173-5373 J9 AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA JI Amphib. Reptil. PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1163/156853803763806911 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 671PH UT WOS:000182472900003 ER PT B AU Sparling, DW Krest, SK Linder, G AF Sparling, DW Krest, SK Linder, G BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI Multiple stressors and declining amphibian populations: An integrated analysis of cause-effect to support adaptive resource management SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID LIMB MALFORMATIONS; MASS MORTALITY; RANA-PIPIENS; FROG; PERSPECTIVE; CALIFORNIA; ANURANS; USA; METAMORPHOSIS; GENOTOXICITY C1 USGS, BRD, PWRC, Laurel, MD USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), USGS, BRD, PWRC, Laurel, MD USA. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800001 ER PT B AU Bridges, CM Rowe, CL Hopkins, WA AF Bridges, CM Rowe, CL Hopkins, WA BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI Amphibian conservation genetics SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID AQUATIC-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; CHANGING ENVIRONMENT; GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; KIN RECOGNITION; NATTERJACK TOAD; ACID DEPOSITION; RANA-SYLVATICA; GREEN TREEFROG; BUFO-CALAMITA; HYLA-CINEREA C1 USGS, BRD, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. RP Bridges, CM (reprint author), USGS, BRD, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800003 ER PT B AU Boone, MD Corn, PS Donnelly, MA Little, EE Niewiarowski, PH AF Boone, MD Corn, PS Donnelly, MA Little, EE Niewiarowski, PH BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI Physical stressors SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; UV-B RADIATION; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; RAIN-FOREST FROGS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS; TROPICAL MOUNTAIN C1 US Geol Survey, BRD, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BRD, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. NR 161 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 129 EP 151 PG 23 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800006 ER PT B AU Linder, G AF Linder, G BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI Causal analysis and the evaluation of declining amphibian populations: Illustrative case studies SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID DISEASE C1 USGS, BRD, CERC, HeronWorks Field Off, Brooks, OR USA. RP Linder, G (reprint author), USGS, BRD, CERC, HeronWorks Field Off, Brooks, OR USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800009 ER PT B AU Corn, PS AF Corn, PS BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI Deteriorating status of western amphibians: Can we generalize about causes? SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID CANYON-NATIONAL-PARKS; POPULATION DECLINES; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WYOMING TOAD; RANA-MUSCOSA; NATIVE FROG; CALIFORNIA; COLORADO; MOUNTAIN C1 USGS, BRD, Aldo Leopold Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP Corn, PS (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Aldo Leopold Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 249 EP 255 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800010 ER PT B AU Sparling, DW Cowman, D AF Sparling, DW Cowman, D BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI Amphibians and pesticides in pristine areas SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID RED-LEGGED FROG; CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; SOLAR UV-B; POPULATION DECLINES; USA; RANGE; RESISTANCE; RADIATION; BULLFROGS C1 USGS, BRD, PWRC, Laurel, MD USA. RP Sparling, DW (reprint author), USGS, BRD, PWRC, Laurel, MD USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800011 ER PT B AU Boone, MD Bridges, CM AF Boone, MD Bridges, CM BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI A hierarchical approach in studying the effects of an insecticide on amphibians SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI ID RANA-SPHENOCEPHALA; GENETIC-VARIATION; CARBARYL; PESTICIDE; TOLERANCE; TADPOLES; CLAMITANS; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE; GROWTH C1 US Geol Survey, BRD, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BRD, CERC, Columbia, MO USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800012 ER PT B AU Krest, SK Shank, D Linder, G Sparling, DW AF Krest, SK Shank, D Linder, G Sparling, DW BE Linder, G Krest, SK Sparling, DW TI SETAC wingspread workshop: Summary, recommendations, and habitat restoration SO AMPHIBIAN DECLINE: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Global Decline of Amphibian Populations CY AUG 18-23, 2001 CL Racine, WI C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Krest, SK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-55-4 PY 2003 BP 315 EP 325 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BY75H UT WOS:000189454800015 ER PT J AU de Laeter, JR Peiser, HS AF de Laeter, JR Peiser, HS TI A century of progress in the sciences due to atomic weight and isotopic composition measurements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE atomic weights; isotope fractionation; fundamental constants; isotopic composition; IUPAC; mass spectrometry; 20th century ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; MASS; SILVER; VALUES AB Even before the 20th century, a consistent set of internationally accepted atomic weights was an important objective of the scientific community because of the fundamental importance of these values to science, technology and trade. As the 20th century progressed, physicists, geoscientists, and metrologists collaborated with chemists to revolutionize the science of atomic weights. At the beginning of the century, atomic weights were determined from mass relationships between chemical reactants and products of known stoichiometry. They are now derived from the measured isotopic composition of elements and the atomic masses of the isotopes. Accuracy in measuring atomic weights has improved continually, leading to the revelation of small but significant variations in the isotope abundances of many elements in their normal terrestrial occurrences caused by radioactivity and a variety of physicochemical and biochemical fractionation mechanisms. This atomic-weight variability has now been recognized as providing new scientific insights into and knowledge of the history of materials. Atomic weights, except those of the monoisotopic elements, are thus no longer regarded as "constants of nature". At the beginning of the 20th century, two scales for atomic weights were in common use: that based on the atomic weight of hydrogen being I and that based on the atomic weight of oxygen being 16. Atomic weights are now scaled to C-12, which has the value 12 exactly. Accurate atomic weights of silicon, silver, and argon, have enabled the values of the Avogadro, Faraday and Universal Gas constants, respectively, to be established, with consequent effects on other fundamental constants. C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. US Geol Survey, Isotope Fractionat Project, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP de Laeter, JR (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 375 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s00216-002-1570-x PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 643EK UT WOS:000180848800022 PM 12520440 ER PT J AU Dahl, JEP Moldowan, JM Peakman, TM Clardy, JC Lobkovsky, E Olmstead, MM May, PW Davis, TJ Steeds, JW Peters, KE Pepper, A Ekuan, A Carlson, RMK AF Dahl, JEP Moldowan, JM Peakman, TM Clardy, JC Lobkovsky, E Olmstead, MM May, PW Davis, TJ Steeds, JW Peters, KE Pepper, A Ekuan, A Carlson, RMK TI Isolation and structural proof of the large diamond molecule, cyclohexamantane (C26H30) SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE cage compounds; carbon; geochemistry; hydrocarbons; petroleum ID RAMAN-SPECTRUM; CARBON; HYDROCARBONS; ADAMANTANE; MODELS C1 Chevron Texaco Energy Res & Technol Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Pfizer Ltd, Global Res & Dev, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, Kent, England. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. British Petr BP Upstream Technol, Houston, TX 77210 USA. RP Dahl, JEP (reprint author), Chevron Texaco Energy Res & Technol Co, POB 1627, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. NR 24 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 18 BP 2040 EP 2044 DI 10.1002/anie.200250794 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 681QP UT WOS:000183047100010 PM 12746817 ER PT J AU Doherty, PF Boulinier, T Nichols, JD AF Doherty, PF Boulinier, T Nichols, JD TI Local extinction and turnover rates at the edge and interior of species' ranges SO ANNALES ZOOLOGICI FENNICI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extinction Thresholds CY SEP 02-05, 2002 CL UNIV HELSINKI, DEPT ECOL SYSTEMAT, HELSINKI, FINLAND HO UNIV HELSINKI, DEPT ECOL SYSTEMAT ID STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; SPATIAL VARIATION; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; POPULATION-SIZE; ABUNDANCE; RICHNESS; MACROECOLOGY; VARIABILITY; SPACE AB One hypothesis for the maintenance of the edge of a species' range suggests that more central (and abundant) populations are relatively stable and edge populations are less stable with increased local extinction and turnover rates. To date, estimates of such metrics are equivocal due to design and analysis flaws. Apparent increased estimates of extinction and turnover rates at the edge of range, versus the interior, could be a function of decreased detection probabilities alone, and not of a biological process. We estimated extinction and turnover rates for species at the interiors and edges of their ranges using an approach which incorporates potential heterogeneity in species A detection probabilities. Extinction rates were higher at the edges (0.17 +/- 0.03 [(SE) over cap]) than in the interiors (0.04 +/- 0.01), as was turnover. Without taking the probability of detection into account these differences would be artificially magnified. Knowledge of extinction and turnover rates is essential in furthering our understanding of range dynamics, and in directing conservation efforts. This study further illustrates the practical application of methods proposed recently for estimating extinction rates and other community dynamic parameters. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7625, Ecol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Doherty, PF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM doherty@cnr.colostate.edu NR 56 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD PI UNIV HELSINKI PA P O BOX 26, FI-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0003-455X EI 1797-2450 J9 ANN ZOOL FENN JI Ann. Zool. Fenn. PY 2003 VL 40 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 685ZT UT WOS:000183295600007 ER PT S AU Trabant, DC Krimmel, RM Echelmeyer, KA Zirnheld, SL Elsberg, DH AF Trabant, DC Krimmel, RM Echelmeyer, KA Zirnheld, SL Elsberg, DH BE Raymond, CF TI The slow advance of a calving glacier: Hubbard Glacier, Alaska, USA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 36 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fast Glacier Flow CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL YAKUTAT, ALASKA SP Univ Alaska, US Natl Sci Fdn, US Natl Acronaut & Space Adm, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Arctic Res Consortium United States AB Hubbard Glacier is the largest tidewater glacier in North America. In contrast to most glaciers in Alaska and northwestern Canada, Hubbard Glacier thickened and advanced during the 20th century. This atypical behavior is an important example of how insensitive to climate a glacier can become during parts of the calving glacier cycle. As this glacier continues to advance, it will close the seaward entrance to 50 km long Russell Fjord and create a glacier-dammed, brackish-water lake. This paper describes measured changes in ice thickness, ice speed, terminus advance and fjord bathymetry of Hubbard Glacier, as determined from airborne laser altimetry, aerial photogrammetry, satellite imagery and bathymetric measurements. The data show that the lower regions of the glacier have thickened by as much as 83 in in the last 41 years, while the entire glacier increased in volume by 14.1 km(3). Ice speeds are generally decreasing near the calving face from a high of 16.5 in d(-1) in 1948 to 11.5 in d(-1) in 2001. The calving terminus advanced at an average rate of about 16 in a(-1) between 1895 and 1948 and accelerated to 32 in a(-1) since 1948. However, since 1986 the advance of the part of the terminus in Disenchantment Bay has slowed to 28 in a(-1). Bathymetric data from the lee slope of the submarine terminal moraine show that between 1978 and 1999 the moraine advanced at an average rate of 32 in a(-1), which is the same as that of the calving face. C1 US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Trabant, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, POB 757300, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-31-8 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2003 VL 36 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.3189/172756403781816400 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BX30W UT WOS:000184905100007 ER PT J AU Altizer, S Nunn, CL Thrall, PH Gittleman, JL Antonovics, J Cunningham, AA Dobson, AP Ezenwa, V Jones, KE Pedersen, AB Poss, M Pulliam, JRC AF Altizer, S Nunn, CL Thrall, PH Gittleman, JL Antonovics, J Cunningham, AA Dobson, AP Ezenwa, V Jones, KE Pedersen, AB Poss, M Pulliam, JRC TI Social organization and parasite risk in mammals: Integrating theory and empirical studies SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE infectious disease; social structure; mating system; host behavior; transmission mode; biodiversity; conservation ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; FOOTED FERRET RECOVERY; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; MATING SYSTEMS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SPECIES RICHNESS; GROUP-SIZE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES AB Mammals are exposed to a diverse array of parasites and infectious diseases, many of which affect host survival and reproduction. Species that live in dense populations, large social groups, or with promiscuous mating systems may be especially vulnerable to infectious diseases owing to the close proximity and higher contact rates among individuals. We review the effects of host density and social contacts on parasite spread and the importance of promiscuity and mating structure for the spread and evolution of sexually transmitted diseases. Host social organization and mating system should influence not only parasite diversity and prevalence but may also determine the fitness advantages of different transmission strategies to parasites. Because host behavior and immune defenses may have evolved to reduce the spread and pathogenicity of infectious diseases, we also consider selective pressures that parasites may exert on host social and mating behavior and the evolutionary responses of hosts at both the immunological and behavioral levels. In examining these issues, we relate modeling results to observations from wild populations, highlighting the similarities and differences among theoretical and empirical approaches. Finally, the epidemiological consequences of host sociality are very relevant to the practical issues of conserving mammalian biodiversity and understanding the interactions between extinction risk and infectious diseases. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CSIRO, Plant Ind, Ctr Plant Biodivers Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Altizer, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM saltize@emory.edu; cnunn@ucdavis.edu; Peter.Thrall@csiro.au; JLGittleman@virginia.edu; ja8n@virginia.edu; Andrew.Cunningham@ioz.ac.uk; andy@eno.princeton.edu; vezenwa@usgs.gov; kate.jones@virginia.edu; abp3a@virginia.edu; mposs@selway.umt.edu; pulliam@princeton.edu RI Pulliam, Juliet/A-6516-2008; Pedersen, Amy/F-4521-2010; Cunningham, Andrew/E-7536-2010; Jones, Kate/G-4768-2010; OI Pulliam, Juliet/0000-0003-3314-8223; Jones, Kate/0000-0001-5231-3293; Pedersen, Amy/0000-0002-1385-1360 NR 139 TC 319 Z9 330 U1 11 U2 176 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-592X J9 ANNU REV ECOL EVOL S JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. PY 2003 VL 34 BP 517 EP 547 DI 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.030102.151725 PG 31 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 801NG UT WOS:000220102000019 ER PT J AU Bashkin, M Stohlgren, TJ Otsuki, Y Lee, M Evangelista, P Belnap, J AF Bashkin, M Stohlgren, TJ Otsuki, Y Lee, M Evangelista, P Belnap, J TI Soil characteristics and plant exotic species invasions in the Grand Staircase - Escalante National Monument, Utah, USA SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE native plant diversity; cryptobiotic crusts; modified-Whittaker plots ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; SURFACE DISTURBANCES AB The Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) contains a rich diversity of native plant communities. However, many exotic plant species have become established, potentially threatening native plant diversity. We sought to quantify patterns of native and exotic plant species and cryptobiotic crusts (mats of lichens, algae, and mosses on the soil surface), and to examine soil characteristics that may indicate or predict exotic species establishment and success. We established 97 modified-Whittaker vegetation plots in I I vegetation types over a 29,000 ha area in the Monument. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and multiple linear regressions were used to quantify relationships between soil characteristics and associated native and exotic plant species richness and cover. CCA showed that exotic species richness was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with soil P (r = 0.84), percentage bare ground (r = 0.71), and elevation (r = 0.67). Soil characteristics alone were able to predict 41 and 46% of the variation in exotic species richness and cover, respectively. In general, exotic species invasions tend to occur in fertile soils relatively high in C, N and P. These areas are represented by rare mesic high-elevation habitats that are rich in native plant diversity. This suggests that management should focus on the protection of the rare but important vegetation types with fertile soils. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, USGS, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Stohlgren, TJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Evangelista, Paul/F-4801-2011; Evangelista, Paul/D-2315-2016 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 AR PII S0929-1393(02)00108-7 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00108-7 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 622YU UT WOS:000179676300006 ER PT J AU Pegg, MA Pierce, CL Roy, A AF Pegg, MA Pierce, CL Roy, A TI Hydrological alteration along the Missouri River Basin: A time series approach SO AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hydrology; time series; human alteration ID UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; DAMS AB Human alteration of large rivers is commonplace, often resulting in significant changes in flow characteristics. We used a time series approach to examine daily mean flow data from locations throughout the main-stem Missouri River. Data from a pre-alteration period (1925-1948) were compared with a post-alteration period (1967-1996), with separate analyses conducted using either data from the entire year or restricted to the spring fish spawning period (1 April-30 June). Daily mean flows were significantly higher during the post-alteration period at all locations. Flow variability was markedly reduced during the post-alteration period as a probable result of flow regulation and climatological shifts. Daily mean flow during the spring fish spawning period was significantly lower during the post-alteration period at the most highly altered locations in the middle portion of the river, but unchanged at the least altered locations in the upper and lower portions of the river. Our data also corroborate other analyses, using alternate statistical approaches, that suggest similar changes to the Missouri River system. Our results suggest human alterations on the Missouri River, particularly in the middle portion most strongly affected by impoundments and channelization, have resulted in changes to the natural flow regime. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Pegg, MA (reprint author), Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Illinois River Biol Stn, Havana 62644, Cuba. NR 33 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-1621 J9 AQUAT SCI JI Aquat. Sci. PY 2003 VL 65 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s000270300005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663QE UT WOS:000182015600006 ER PT J AU Mazanti, L Rice, C Bialek, K Sparling, D Stevenson, C Johnson, WE Kangas, P Rheinstein, J AF Mazanti, L Rice, C Bialek, K Sparling, D Stevenson, C Johnson, WE Kangas, P Rheinstein, J TI Aqueous-phase disappearance of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos in laboratory aquaria and outdoor macrocosms SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; LAW CONSTANTS; MESOCOSMS; HERBICIDE; SURFACE; FIELD; PERSISTENCE; TOXICITY; ALACHLOR AB Dissipation processes are described for a combination of commonly used pesticides-atrazine (6-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl] acetamide), and chlorpyrifos (O-O diethyl O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate)-in a laboratory and outdoor pond systems. Dosing rates and timing were designed to duplicate those common in the n-mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Treatments ranged from 2 and 2.5 mg/L to 0.2 and 0.25 mg/L respectively for atrazine and metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos was added at 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L in the aquaria and at 0.1 mg/L in the outdoor macrocosms. Chlorpyrifos disappearance was rapid in all of the systems and followed a two-phase sequence. Initial half-lives varied from 0.16 day to 0.38 day and showed similar rates in the aquaria and the outdoor systems. The second phase of the chlorpyrifis loss pattern was slower (18-20 days) in all the treatments except for the low herbicide treatment in the outdoor test, where it was 3.4 days. Compared to the outdoor system, herbicide losses were much slower in the aquaria, e.g., 150 days for atrazine and 55 days for metolachlor, and no appreciable loss of herbicide was apparent in the high-treated aquaria. In the outdoor systems, the half-lives for the low herbicide treatment were 27 days and 12 days, respectively, for atrazine and metolachlor, and 48 and 20 days, respectively for the high herbicide-treated pond. Very low levels of CIAT (6-amino-2-chloro-4-iso-propylamino-s-triazine) and CEAT (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-ethylarnino-s-triazine), degradation products of atrazine, were observed in the outdoor studies. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Wetland Sci Inst, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rice, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,BARC-W,1300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Johnson, Warren/D-4149-2016 OI Johnson, Warren/0000-0002-5954-186X NR 58 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-1259-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 618GU UT WOS:000179411000008 PM 12434220 ER PT J AU West, D Lefevre, C Corbett, D Crockford, S AF West, D Lefevre, C Corbett, D Crockford, S TI A burial cave in the western Aleutian islands, Alaska SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During the 1998 field season, the Western Aleutians Archaeological and Paleobiological Project (WAAPP) team located a cave in the Near Islands, Alaska. Near the entrance of the cave, the team identified work areas and sleeping/sitting areas surrounded by cultural debris and animal bones. Human burials were found in the cave interior. In 2000, with permission from The Aleut Corporation, archaeologists revisited the site. Current research suggests three distinct occupations or uses for this cave. Aleuts buried their dead in shallow graves at the rear of the cave circa 1,200 to 800 years ago. Aleuts used the front of the cave as a temporary hunting camp as early as 390 years ago. Finally, Japanese and American military debris and graffiti reveal that the cave was visited during and after World War II. Russian trappers may have also taken shelter there 150 to 200 years ago. This is the first report of Aleut cave burials west of the Delarof Islands in the central Aleutians. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Biodivers, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, CNRS, Anat Comparee Lab, ESA 8045, F-75005 Paris, France. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Pacific Identificat Inc, Victoria, BC V9E 2J4, Canada. RP West, D (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 2537 DANIELS ST, MADISON, WI 53718 USA SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 2003 VL 40 IS 1 BP 70 EP 86 PG 17 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 727WT UT WOS:000185684400004 PM 21755641 ER PT J AU Peterjohn, BG AF Peterjohn, BG TI Agricultural landscapes: Can they support healthy bird populations as well as farm products? SO AUK LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NORTH-DAKOTA; COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND; DECLINE; BRITAIN; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; MIDWEST; TRENDS C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Peterjohn, BG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM bruce_peterjohn@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0014:ALCTSH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 658AY UT WOS:000181700500002 PM 12717313 ER PT J AU Hart, PJ Freed, LA AF Hart, PJ Freed, LA TI Structure and dynamics of mixed-species flocks in a Hawaiian rain forest SO AUK LA English DT Article ID TIT PARUS-MAJOR; FORAGING FLOCKS; BIRD FLOCKS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; TERRITORIALITY; WINTER; ORGANIZATION; CONSERVATION; PREDATION AB Mixed-species flocks of native and introduced birds were studied for four years in an upper elevation Hawaiian rain forest. Those flocks were characterized by strong seasonality, large size, low species richness, high intraspecific abundance, a lack of migrants, and a general lack of territoriality or any sort of dominance hierarchy. There was high variability among years in patterns of occurrence at the species level, and high variability within years at the individual level. These flocks are loosely structured social groupings with apparently open membership. The fluid, unstable movement patterns, high degree of variability in size and composition, and lack of positive interspecific associations are not consistent with the "foraging enhancement" hypothesis for flocking. Two resident, endangered insectivores, the Akepa (Loxops coccineus) and Hawaii Creeper (Oreomystis mana) served as "nuclear" species. Flock composition was compared between two study sites that differed significantly in density of these two nuclear species. Flock size was similar at the two sites, primarily because the nuclear species were over-represented relative to their density. This observation suggests that birds are attempting to achieve a more optimal flock size at the lower density site. Received 16 October 2001, accepted 26 October 2002. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hart, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey BRD, Kilauea Field Stn, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM patrick_j_hart@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1 BP 82 EP 95 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0082:SADOMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 658AY UT WOS:000181700500009 ER PT J AU Kruse, KL Lovvorn, JR Takekawa, JY Mackay, J AF Kruse, KL Lovvorn, JR Takekawa, JY Mackay, J TI Long-term productivity of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) in a snowpack-driven desert marsh SO AUK LA English DT Article ID NEST SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; PRAIRIE WETLAND; DUCK NESTS; REDHEADS; BROOD; MINNESOTA; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS AB Ruby Lake, Nevada, is a large palustrine wetland that hosts the southern-most major breeding population of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria). That and marsh, fed by springs derived from mountain snowpack, differs in climate and hydrology from glaciated potholes of the northern prairies where most Canvasbacks breed. Fourteen years of nesting data on Canvasbacks over a 31 year period (1970-2000) were analyzed to determine factors affecting breeding performance at Ruby Lake and whether they differed from those in the prairies. Long-term Mayfield nest success at Ruby Lake (50% of all nests) was in the range of that in the northern prairies (21-65%). Of all Canvasback nests, 73% were parasitized (mostly by Redheads [Aythya americana]) as compared to 83-97% in a large Manitoba marsh and 57-65% in Manitoba potholes. However, as in the northern prairies, nest parasitism generally had little or no effect on either nest success or percentage of host eggs that hatched. In Manitoba potholes, nest success was unrelated to habitat variables measured; but successful nests at Ruby Lake were over shallower water, farther from shore, in wider bands of emergent vegetation, and surrounded by lower stem densities than unsuccessful nests. Water level is the key factor in breeding performance of Canvasbacks at both Ruby Lake and the northern prairies; however, the source of water differs (mountain snowpack at Ruby Lake, direct precipitation in the prairies) and effects of water-level variations are reversed. In small prairie potholes (mostly <0.4 ha) with many mammalian predators, productivity of Canvasbacks (which build floating nests) is increased by high water that floods the emergent fringe. At Ruby Lake, a very large marsh (2,830 ha) with mostly avian predators, Canvasback productivity is decreased by high water that floods interior emergent stands too deeply. Water level at Ruby Lake was highly correlated (multiple R-2 = 0.91) with mountain snowpack up to three years earlier, emphasizing the strong effect of climatic variations on wetland birds in that and region. Received 10 January 2002, accepted 25 August 2002. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Stn, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ruby Lake Natl Wildlife Refuge, Ruby Lake, NV 89833 USA. RP Lovvorn, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM lovvorn@uwyo.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0107:LPOCAV]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 658AY UT WOS:000181700500011 ER PT J AU Ruth, JM Petit, DR Sauer, JR Samuel, MD Johnson, FA Fornwall, MD Korschgen, CE Bennett, JP AF Ruth, JM Petit, DR Sauer, JR Samuel, MD Johnson, FA Fornwall, MD Korschgen, CE Bennett, JP TI Science for avian conservation: Priorities for the new millennium SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANAGEMENT C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Biol Informat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ruth, JM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM janet_ruth@usgs.gov NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0204:SFACPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 658AY UT WOS:000181700500026 ER PT J AU Williams, BK AF Williams, BK TI Policy, research, and adaptive management in avian conservation SO AUK LA English DT Editorial Material ID WILDLIFE C1 US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, Reston, VA USA. RP Williams, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Units, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 303, Reston, VA USA. EM byron_ken_williams@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2003 VL 120 IS 1 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0212:PRAAMI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 658AY UT WOS:000181700500027 ER PT J AU Slemons, RD Hansen, WR Converse, KA Senne, DA AF Slemons, RD Hansen, WR Converse, KA Senne, DA TI Type A influenza virus surveillance in free-flying, nonmigratory ducks residing on the eastern shore of Maryland SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE Atlantic Migratory Waterfowl Flyway; avian influenza; ducks; epidemiology ID AVIAN INFLUENZA AB Virus surveillance in free-flying, nonmigratory ducks living on the eastern shore of Maryland indicated that influenza A viruses were introduced into the area or that the prevalence of endemic infections increased between July 15 and August 27, 1998. Cloacal swabs collected between May 28 and July 15, 1998, were negative for influenza A virus recovery (0/233), whereas 13.9% (29/209) of swabs collected between August 27 and September 2, 1998, were positive for influenza A virus recovery. Five hemagglutinin subtypes (H2, H3, H6, H9, and H12), six neuraminidase subtypes (N1, N2, N4, N5, N6, and N8), and nine HA-NA combinations were identified among 29 influenza A isolates. Interestingly, 18 of the 29 isolates initially appeared to contain two or more HA and/or NA subtypes. The free-flying, nonmigratory ducks served as excellent sentinels for the early detection of type A influenza viruses in the southern half of the Atlantic Migratory Waterfowl Flyway during the earliest phase of the yearly southern migration. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Slemons, RD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Prevent Med, 1900 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 6 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1107 EP 1110 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1107 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000061 PM 14575122 ER PT B AU Fuller, M Holt, D Schueck, L AF Fuller, M Holt, D Schueck, L BE Berthold, P Gwinner, E Sonnenschein, E TI Snowy owl movements: Variation on the migration theme SO AVIAN MIGRATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Avian Migration CY SEP 03-06, 2001 CL UNIV KONSTANZ, CONSTANCE, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc HO UNIV KONSTANZ ID NORTH-AMERICA; NYCTEA-SCANDIACA; WINTER C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Fuller, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-43408-9 PY 2003 BP 359 EP 366 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BX52C UT WOS:000185588600025 ER PT B AU Kreger, MD Hatfield, JS Gee, GF Estevez, I Clugston, D AF Kreger, MD Hatfield, JS Gee, GF Estevez, I Clugston, D BE Ballentine, J Mirowitz, S TI Using the behavior of captive juvenile whooping cranes (Grus americana) as an indicator of reintroduction behavior and survival SO AZA ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2002 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the American-Zoo-and-Aquarium-Association CY SEP 09-11, 2000 CL Ft Worth Zoo, Ft Worth, TX SP Amer Zoo Aquarium Assoc HO Ft Worth Zoo C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Kreger, MD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Sci Author, 4401 N Fairfax Dr,Room 750, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ZOO & AQUARIUM ASSOC (AZA) PI SILVER SPRING PA 8403 COLESVILLE RD, SUITE 710, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA PY 2003 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Zoology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Education & Educational Research; Zoology GA BY54S UT WOS:000189405300044 ER PT J AU Kery, M Matthies, D Schmid, B AF Kery, M Matthies, D Schmid, B TI Demographic stochasticity in population fragments of the declining distylous perennial Primula veris (Primulaceae) SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioecy; heterostyly; morph differences and frequency; sex ratio; small populations ID TRISTYLOUS-LYTHRUM-SALICARIA; EICHHORNIA-PANICULATA PONTEDERIACEAE; DECODON-VERTICILLATUS LYTHRACEAE; POLLINATOR LIMITATION; GENETIC DRIFT; SEX-RATIO; SEED SET; SPATIAL SEGREGATION; MORPH FREQUENCIES; BREEDING SYSTEM AB We studied ecological consequences of distyly for the declining perennial plant Primula veris in the Swiss Jura. Distyly favours cross-fertilization and avoids inbreeding, but may lead to pollen limitation and reduced reproduction if morph frequencies deviate from 50%. Disassortative mating is promoted by the reciprocal position of stigmas and anthers in the two morphs (pin and thrum) and by intramorph incompatibility and should result in equal frequencies of morphs at equilibrium. However, deviations could arise because of demographic stochasticity, the lower intra-morph incompatibility of the pin morph, and niche differentiation between morphs. Demographic stochasticity should result in symmetric deviations from an even morph frequency among populations and in increased deviations with decreasing population size. If crosses between pins occurred, these would only generate pins, and this could result in a pin-bias of morph frequencies in general and in small populations in particular. If the morphs have different niches, morph frequencies should be related to environmental factors, morphs might be spatially segregated, and morphological differences between morphs would be expected. We tested these hypotheses in the declining distylous P. veris. We studied morph frequencies in relation to environmental conditions and population size, spatial segregation in field populations, morphological differences between morphs, and growth responses to nutrient addition. Morph frequencies in 76 populations with 1-80000 flowering plants fluctuated symmetrically about 50%. Deviations from 50% were much larger in small populations, and six of the smallest populations had lost one morph altogether. In contrast, morph frequencies were neither related to population size nor to 17 measures of environmental conditions. We found no spatial segregation or morphological differences in the field or in the common garden. The results suggest that demographic stochasticity caused deviations of the morph ratio from unity in small populations. Demographic stochasticity was probably caused by the random elimination of plants during the fragmentation of formerly large continuous populations. Biased morph frequencies may be one of the reasons for the strongly reduced reproduction in small populations of P. veris. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Biol Plant Ecol, Marburg, Germany. Univ Zurich, Inst Umweltwissensch, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Kery, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Schmid, Bernhard/C-8625-2009 OI Schmid, Bernhard/0000-0002-8430-3214 NR 53 TC 48 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 17 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1078/1439-1791-00142 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686DP UT WOS:000183306300001 ER PT S AU Petersen, JH Hinrichsen, RA Gadomski, DM Feil, DH Rondorf, DW AF Petersen, JH Hinrichsen, RA Gadomski, DM Feil, DH Rondorf, DW BE Limburg, KE Waldman, JR TI American shad in the Columbia River SO BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, AND CONSERVATION OF THE WORLD'S SHADS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Status and Conservation of Shads World Wide CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Norcross Wildlife Fdn, US Fisha Wildlife Serv, Hudson River Estuary Management Program, Reg 5, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Constellat Energy Grp, Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, S Carolina Dept Natural Resources, Elect Power Res Inst, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv ID MIGRATING JUVENILE SALMONIDS; JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; PTYCHOCHEILUS-OREGONENSIS; WATER TEMPERATURE; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; CONNECTICUT RIVER; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CLASS STRENGTH; PREDATION AB American shad Alosa sapidissima from the Hudson River, New York, were introduced into the Sacramento River, California, in 1871 and were first observed in the Columbia River in 1876. American shad returns to the Columbia River increased greatly between 1960 and 1990, and recently 2-4 million adults have been counted per year at Bonneville Dam, Oregon and Washington State (river kilometer 235). The total return of American shad is likely much higher than this dam count. Returning adults migrate as far as 600 km up the Columbia and Snake rivers, passing as many as eight large hydroelectric dams. Spawning occurs primarily in the lower river and in several large reservoirs. A small sample found returning adults were 2-6 years old and about one-third of adults were repeat spawners. Larval American shad are abundant in plankton and in the nearshore zone. Juvenile American shad occur throughout the water column during night, but school near the bottom or inshore during day. Juveniles consume a variety of zooplankton, but cyclopoid copepods were 86% of the diet by mass. Juveniles emigrate from the river from August through December. Annual exploitation of American shad by commercial and recreational fisheries combined is near 9% of the total count at Bonneville Dam. The success of American shad in the Columbia River is likely related to successful passage at dams, good spawning and rearing habitats, and low exploitation. The role of American shad within the aquatic community is poorly understood. We speculate that juveniles could alter the zooplankton community and may supplement the diet of resident predators. Data, however, are lacking or sparse in some areas, and more information is needed on the role of larval and juvenile American shad in the food web, factors limiting adult returns, ocean distribution of adults, and interactions between American shad and endangered or threatened salmonids throughout the river. C1 Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Petersen, JH (reprint author), Columbia River Res Lab, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 66 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-51-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 35 BP 141 EP 155 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BX36B UT WOS:000185059300013 ER PT S AU Hightower, JE Sparks, KL AF Hightower, JE Sparks, KL BE Limburg, KE Waldman, JR TI Migration and spawning habitat of American shad in the Roanoke River, North Carolina SO BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, AND CONSERVATION OF THE WORLD'S SHADS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Status and Conservation of Shads World Wide CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Norcross Wildlife Fdn, US Fisha Wildlife Serv, Hudson River Estuary Management Program, Reg 5, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Constellat Energy Grp, Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, S Carolina Dept Natural Resources, Elect Power Res Inst, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv ID STRIPED BASS AB American shad Alosa sapidissima in the 1800s migrated up the Roanoke River as far as Salem, Virginia (river kilometer [rkm] 557), to spawn, but the lowermost current obstruction to migration is the Roanoke Rapids Dam at rkm 221. We used radio telemetry to demonstrate that American shad migrated rapidly (mean = 0.99 km/h) to the base of the Roanoke Rapids Dam and remained in the Roanoke Rapids area throughout the spawning season. American shad eggs were collected from late May through early June of 1997 in this section of the river, which has a much higher gradient and larger substrates than downstream areas. Predominant substrates in this reach were gravel (48%), cobble (16%), bedrock (15%), and sand (15%). Spawning in 1997 occurred during a period when flow was held at about 212 m(3)/s, resulting in an estimated mean depth of 2.5 m and mean current velocity of 0.63 m/s. Based on these observations and similar results from the Neuse River, North Carolina, we hypothesize that shallow river reaches with larger substrates are important for American shad reproduction. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, United States Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, United States Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-51-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 35 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BX36B UT WOS:000185059300017 ER PT S AU Freeman, MC Pringle, CM Greathouse, EA Freeman, BJ AF Freeman, MC Pringle, CM Greathouse, EA Freeman, BJ BE Limburg, KE Waldman, JR TI Ecosystem-level consequences of migratory faunal depletion caused by dams SO BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, AND CONSERVATION OF THE WORLD'S SHADS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Status and Conservation of Shads World Wide CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Norcross Wildlife Fdn, US Fisha Wildlife Serv, Hudson River Estuary Management Program, Reg 5, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Constellat Energy Grp, Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, S Carolina Dept Natural Resources, Elect Power Res Inst, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; TROPICAL STREAM; PUERTO-RICO; HYDROELECTRIC DAMS; SHRIMP ASSEMBLAGES; ANADROMOUS FISH; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES AB Humans have been damming rivers for millennia, and our more ambitious efforts over the past century have arguably altered river ecosystems more extensively than any other anthropogenic activity. Effects of damming on river biota include decimation of migratory fauna (e.g., diadromous and potamodromous fishes and crustaceans), lost fisheries, and imperilment of obligate riverine taxa. Although effects of dams on biota have been widely documented, ecosystem-level consequences of faunal depletion caused by dams are only beginning to be appreciated. We discuss consequences to river ecosystems of altering distributions and abundances of migratory fauna, which often provide trophic subsidies and may strongly influence the structure of local habitats and communities. It is well documented that anadromous fishes can provide a major input of nutrients and energy to freshwater systems when spawning adults return from the sea. Other less-studied taxa that migrate between distinct portions of riverine systems (e.g., acipenserids, catostomids, and prochilodontids) may similarly provide trophic transfers within undammed river systems in addition to modifying local communities and habitats through feeding and spawning activities. Experimental faunal exclusions have demonstrated strong potential effects of some amphidromous shrimps and potamodromous fishes on benthic organic matter and algal and invertebrate communities. Depletion of these animals above dams is likely to significantly affect ecosystem processes such as primary production and detrital processing. The decline of freshwater mussels isolated by dams from their migratory fish hosts has likely lowered stream productivity, nutrient retention, and benthic stability. Greater focus on effects of dams on ecosystem processes, as mediated by faunal change, would improve our ability to assess the costs and benefits of future river management strategies. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Freeman, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 NR 86 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-51-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 35 BP 255 EP 266 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BX36B UT WOS:000185059300022 ER PT S AU St Pierre, RA AF St Pierre, RA BE Limburg, KE Waldman, JR TI A case history: American shad restoration on the Susquehanna river SO BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, AND CONSERVATION OF THE WORLD'S SHADS SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Status and Conservation of Shads World Wide CY MAY 20-23, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Natl Fish & Wildlife Fdn, Norcross Wildlife Fdn, US Fisha Wildlife Serv, Hudson River Estuary Management Program, Reg 5, New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Constellat Energy Grp, Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, S Carolina Dept Natural Resources, Elect Power Res Inst, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv AB Stocks of anadromous American shad Alosa sapidissima, blueback herring A. aestivalis, and alewife A. pseudoharengus are being restored to the Susquehanna River in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York. This river once supported extensive American shad and herring fisheries that were lost with construction of four large hydroelectric dams in the lower 90 kin during 1904-1931. Fish reintroduction and project evaluation activities have been undertaken over a 3-decade period by numerous state, federal, and utility company partners. These included the culture and release of over 150 million marked larval and fingerling American shad and trap and transport of over 200,000 prespawning adults to suitable spawning waters above blockages. The American shad population returning to the lowermost dam on the Susquehanna grew from only a few hundred to over 150,000 fish in the past 16 years. Survival of out-migrating juvenile American shad through hydroelectric turbines has been evaluated and, where necessary, improved with project operational changes during peak movement periods. Settlement agreements reached with each of the utility companies led to construction of large-capacity fish elevators and ladders at the four lower river dams during 1991-2000. As a result, over 750 km of historic spawning habitat for anadromous fishes has been reopened for the first time in almost a century. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Harrisburg, PA 17106 USA. RP St Pierre, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 67000, Harrisburg, PA 17106 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-51-4 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 35 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries GA BX36B UT WOS:000185059300028 ER PT J AU Larkin, ILV Gross, TS Reep, RL AF Larkin, ILV Gross, TS Reep, RL TI Measuring fecal hormone concentrations in the endangered florida manatee. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY JUL 19-22, 2003 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Study Reproduct C1 Univ Florida, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2003 VL 68 SU 1 MA 598 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 695FX UT WOS:000183821400651 ER PT J AU Murray, LD Best, LB Jacobsen, TJ Braster, ML AF Murray, LD Best, LB Jacobsen, TJ Braster, ML TI Potential effects on grassland birds of converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass production SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; birds; energy crops; switchgrass (Panicum virgatum); watershed; wildlife ID CONSERVATION-RESERVE-PROGRAM; HABITAT SELECTION; CRP FIELDS; COMMUNITIES; ABUNDANCE; MISSOURI AB Habitat loss is a major reason for the decline of grassland birds in North America. Five habitats (pastures, hayfields, rowerop fields, small-grain fields, Conservation Reserve Program fields) compose most of the habitat used by grassland birds in the Midwest United States. Growing and harvesting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass fuel would create another habitat for grassland birds. Bird abundance information from studies conducted in Iowa and adjacent states and land-use data for the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa were used in a Geographic Information System to model the potential effects on bird abundances of converting rowcrop fields to biomass production. Abundances of bird species that are management priorities increased in both biomass scenarios. Common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) abundance in the watershed also increased greatly in both scenarios. Other species (e.g., homed lark [Eremophila alpestris], killdeer [Charadrius vociferous]) were more abundant in the existing land use than in the biomass scenarios, and conversion of fields from rowcrop to biomass production could be detrimental to these species. In general, biomass fields will provide habitat for grassland birds that are management priorities, but future monitoring of birds in such fields is needed as conversion of rowcrop fields to biomass production continues. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Rathbun Reg Water Assoc, Centerville, IA 52544 USA. RP Murray, LD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USGS BRD Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ldmurray@wisc.edu NR 39 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00187-3 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 693TJ UT WOS:000183734200004 ER PT J AU Symstad, AJ Chapin, FS Wall, DH Gross, KL Huenneke, LF Mittelbach, GG Peters, DPC Tilman, D AF Symstad, AJ Chapin, FS Wall, DH Gross, KL Huenneke, LF Mittelbach, GG Peters, DPC Tilman, D TI Long-term and large-scale perspectives on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecosystem functioning; spatial scale; temporal scale; community-ecosystem interactions ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; PLANT DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; STABILITY; SOIL; LAKE; GRASSLANDS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB In a growing body of literature from a variety of ecosystems is strong evidence that various components of biodiversity have significant impacts on ecosystem functioning. However, much of this evidence comes from short-term, small-scale experiments in which communities are synthesized from relatively small species pools and conditions are highly controlled. Extrapolation of the results of such experiments to longer time scales and larger spatial scales-those of whole ecosystems-is difficult because the experiments do not incorporate natural processes such as recruitment limitation and colonization of new species. We show how long-term study of planned and accidental changes in species richness and composition suggests that the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning will vary over time and space. More important, we also highlight areas of uncertainty that need to be addressed through coordinated cross-scale and cross-site research. C1 Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Savanna, IL USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Minnesota, Cedar Creek Nat Hist Area, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Symstad, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mt Rushmore Natl Mem, Keystone, SD 57751 USA. RI Huenneke, Laura/D-3582-2009; Wall, Diana/F-5491-2011; Mittelbach, Gary/A-2470-2013; OI Huenneke, Laura/0000-0002-2562-6822; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 NR 57 TC 101 Z9 119 U1 9 U2 83 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0089:LTALSP]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 635EL UT WOS:000180385200017 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Sherburn, S AF Bryan, CJ Sherburn, S TI Eruption-induced modifications to volcanic seismicity at Ruapehu, New Zealand, and its implications for eruption forecasting SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE volcanic seismicity; Ruapehu; spectra; eruption induced changes; source process; eruption forecasting ID WAVE-FIELD; TREMOR; LOCATION; SYSTEM; JAPAN AB Broadband seismic data collected on Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand, in 1994 and 1998 show that the 1995-1996 eruptions of Ruapehu resulted in a significant change in the frequency content of tremor and volcanic earthquakes at the volcano. The pre-eruption volcanic seismicity was characterized by several independent dominant frequencies, with a 2 Hz spectral peak dominating the strongest tremor and volcanic earthquakes and higher frequencies forming the background signal. The post-eruption volcanic seismicity was dominated by a 0.8-1.4 Hz spectral peak not seen before the eruptions. The 2 Hz and higher frequency signals remained, but were subordinate to the 0.8-1.4 Hz energy. That the dominant frequencies of volcanic tremor and volcanic earthquakes were identical during the individual time periods prior to and following the 1995-1996 eruptions suggests that during each of these time periods the volcanic tremor and earthquakes were generated by the same source process. The overall change in the frequency content, which occurred during the 1995-1996 eruptions and remains as of the time of the writing of this paper, most likely resulted from changes in the volcanic plumbing system and has significant implications for forecasting and real-time assessment of future eruptive activity at Ruapehu. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Taupo, New Zealand. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 65 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0236-z PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 642TD UT WOS:000180819800004 ER PT S AU Tiedeman, CR Hsieh, PA AF Tiedeman, CR Hsieh, PA BE Kovar, K Hrkal, Z TI Evaluation of longitudinal dispersivity estimates from forced-gradient tracer tests in heterogeneous aquifers SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: A FEW STEPS CLOSER TO REALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling (ModelCARE 2002) CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE dispersivity; heterogeneity; numerical modelling; tracer tests ID CONVERGENT RADIAL DISPERSION; LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB Converging radial-flow and two-well tracer tests are simulated in two-dimensional aquifers to investigate the effects of heterogeneity and forced-gradient test configuration on longitudinal dispersivity (alpha(L)) estimates, and to compare alpha(L) estimates from forced-gradient tests with alpha(L) values that characterize solute spreading under natural-gradient flow. Results indicate that in both mildly and highly heterogeneous aquifers, alpha(L) estimates from two-well tests are generally larger than those from radial-flow tests. In mildly heterogeneous aquifers, alpha(L) estimates from two-well tests with relatively large tracer transport distances are similar to alpha(L) values from natural -gradient simulations. In highly heterogeneous aquifers, alpha(L) estimates from two-well tests at all tracer transport distances are typically smaller than alpha(L) values from natural-gradient simulations. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tiedeman, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS496, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-07-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 277 BP 168 EP 174 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BY85F UT WOS:000189478600024 ER PT S AU Hill, MC Tiedeman, CR AF Hill, MC Tiedeman, CR BE Kovar, K Hrkal, Z TI Weighting observations in the context of calibrating groundwater models SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: A FEW STEPS CLOSER TO REALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling (ModelCARE 2002) CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE calibration; numerical models; regression; weighting; weights AB This paper investigates four issues related to weighting observations in the context of groundwater models calibrated with nonlinear regression: (a) terminology, (b) determining values for the weighting, (c) measurement and model errors, and (4) the effect weighting can have on the accuracy of calibrated models and measures of uncertainty. It is shown that the confusing aspects of weighting can be managed, and are not a practical barrier to using regression methods. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-07-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 277 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BY85F UT WOS:000189478600028 ER PT S AU Mehl, S Hill, MC AF Mehl, S Hill, MC BE Kovar, K Hrkal, Z TI Locally refined block-centred finite-difference groundwater models: evaluation of parameter sensitivity and the consequences for inverse modelling SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: A FEW STEPS CLOSER TO REALITY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling (ModelCARE 2002) CY JUN 17-20, 2002 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC DE local grid refinement; MODFLOW; telescopic mesh refinement; UCODE AB Models with local grid refinement, as often required in groundwater models, pose special problems for model calibration. This work investigates the calculation of sensitivities and the performance of regression methods using two existing and one new method of grid refinement. The existing local grid refinement methods considered are: (a) a variably spaced grid in which the grid spacing becomes smaller near the area of interest and larger where such detail is not needed, and (b) telescopic mesh refinement (TMR), which uses the hydraulic heads or fluxes of a regional model to provide the boundary conditions for a locally refined model. The new method has a feedback between the regional and local grids using shared nodes, and thereby, unlike the TMR methods, balances heads and fluxes at the interfacing boundary. Results for sensitivities are compared for the three methods and the effect of the accuracy of sensitivity calculations are evaluated by comparing inverse modelling results. For the cases tested, results indicate that the inaccuracies of the sensitivities calculated using the TMR approach can cause the inverse model to converge to an incorrect solution. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Mehl, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-07-4 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 277 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Statistics & Probability; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BY85F UT WOS:000189478600032 ER PT S AU Fox, N Aiken, J Barnett, JJ Briottet, X Carvell, R Frohlich, C Groom, SB Hagolle, O Haigh, JD Kieffer, HH Lean, J Pollock, DB Quinn, T Sandford, MCW Schaepman, M Shine, KP Schmutz, WK Teillet, PM Thome, KJ Verstraete, MM Zalewski, E AF Fox, N Aiken, J Barnett, JJ Briottet, X Carvell, R Frohlich, C Groom, SB Hagolle, O Haigh, JD Kieffer, HH Lean, J Pollock, DB Quinn, T Sandford, MCW Schaepman, M Shine, KP Schmutz, WK Teillet, PM Thome, KJ Verstraete, MM Zalewski, E BE Tsuchiya, K TI Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies (truths) SO CALIBRATION, CHARACTERIZATION OF SATELLITE SENSORS, PHYSICAL PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE DATA SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Calibration, Characterization of Satellite Sensors, Physical Parameters Derived from Satellite Data CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP COSPAR, IAF, NASA, NOAA, CSA, CNES, EUMETSAT, ESA, NASDA ID ANGLE IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SENSORS AB The Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies (TRUTHS) mission offers a novel approach to the provision of key scientific data with unprecedented radiometric accuracy for Earth Observation (EO) and solar studies, which will also establish well-calibrated reference targets/standards to support other EO missions. This paper presents the TRUTHS mission and its objectives. TRUTHS will be the first satellite mission to calibrate its EO instrumentation directly to SI in orbit, overcoming the usual uncertainties associated with drifts of sensor gain and spectral shape by using an electrical rather than an optical standard as the basis of its calibration. The range of instruments flown as part of the payload will also provide accurate input data to improve atmospheric radiative transfer codes by anchoring boundary conditions, through simultaneous measurements of aerosols, particulates and radiances at various heights. Therefore, TRUTHS will significantly improve the performance and accuracy of EO missions with broad global or operational aims, as well as more dedicated missions. The provision of reference standards will also improve synergy between missions by reducing errors due to different calibration biases and offer cost reductions for future missions by reducing the demands for on-board calibration systems. Such improvements are important for the future success of strategies such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) and the implementation and monitoring of international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol. TRUTHS will achieve these aims by measuring the geophysical variables of solar and lunar irradiance, together with both polarised and unpolarised spectral radiance of the Moon, Earth and its atmosphere. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, F-31055 Toulouse, France. Brightwell Instruments Ltd, Wallingford OX10 0RH, Oxon, England. PMOD, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, F-31402 Toulouse, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Arizona, Remote Sensing Grp, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Fox, N (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM nigel.fox@npl.co.uk RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012; Haigh, Joanna/F-6847-2014; Schaepman, Michael/B-9213-2009; Schmutz, Werner/B-4153-2014; OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Haigh, Joanna/0000-0001-5504-4754; Schaepman, Michael/0000-0002-9627-9565; Schmutz, Werner/0000-0003-1159-5639; Lean, Judith/0000-0002-0087-9639; Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721 NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 32 IS 11 BP 2253 EP 2261 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00691-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BY23G UT WOS:000188360500023 ER PT J AU Mech, LD AF Mech, LD TI Incidence of Mink, Mustela vison, and River Otter, Lutra canadensis, in a highly urbanized area SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE Mink; Mustela vison; River Otter; Lutra canadensis; urban wildlife; Minnesota AB Mink (Mustela vison) frequently inhabited or traversed a residential, business, and industrial part of the Twin Cities, Minnesota. with little water or natural vegetation. At least one River Otter (Lutra canadensis) also resided on a small pond on a golf course in the area for several winter months. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Mech, LD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Raptor Ctr, 1920 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 117 IS 1 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731UR UT WOS:000185905300019 ER PT J AU Henderson, JN Letcher, BH AF Henderson, JN Letcher, BH TI Predation on stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PISCIVOROUS BROWN TROUT; GASTRIC EVACUATION; BROOK TROUT; STREAM DRIFT; TRUTTA L; RATES; GROWTH; FISH; SURVIVAL; RIVER AB We studied predator-prey interactions between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout in three Massachusetts, U.S.A., streams and in artificial streams. We sampled stomach contents of age-1+ and older salmon and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo trutta) following salmon fry stocking in the spring of 1997 and 1998. Between 4.3 and 48.6% of the stocked fry were consumed within the first 2 days after stocking, and total fry mortality from predation varied from 4.3 to 60.7%. No significant differences were found between stomach weights of predators (without fry weight) that consumed fry and those that did not. Artificial stream experiments testing effects of habitat complexity and predator species on predator consumption rates revealed that consumption rates were not different between brook (S. fontinalis) and brown (S. trutta) trout (p = 0.59). Predation rate tended to decrease as the percentage of riffle habitat increased but the decrease was not significant (p = 0.22). Our results indicate that predation on stocked Atlantic salmon fry can be substantial (up to 60%), appears to be short lived (2 days), and is not related in a simple way to abiotic and biotic factors. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fis Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fis Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1139/F03-001 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 655LW UT WOS:000181554700005 ER PT J AU Helgerud, MB Waite, WF Kirby, SH Nur, A AF Helgerud, MB Waite, WF Kirby, SH Nur, A TI Measured temperature and pressure dependence of V-p and V-s in compacted, polycrystalline sI methane and sII methane-ethane hydrate SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ICE; STATE AB We report on compressional- and shear-wave-speed measurements made on compacted polycrystalline sI methane and sII methane-ethane hydrate. The gas hydrate samples are synthesized directly in the measurement apparatus by warming granulated ice to 17degreesC in the presence of a clathrate-forming gas at high pressure (methane for sI, 90.2% methane, 9.8% ethane for sII). Porosity is eliminated after hydrate synthesis by compacting the sample in the synthesis pressure vessel between a hydraulic ram and a fixed end-plug, both containing shear-wave transducers. Wave-speed measurements are made between -20 and 15degreesC and 0 to 105 MPa applied piston pressure. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Helgerud, MB (reprint author), ExxonMobil Explorat Co, POB 4778, Houston, TX 77210 USA. OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1139/P03-016 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100007 ER PT J AU Helgerud, MB Waite, WF Kirby, SH Nur, A AF Helgerud, MB Waite, WF Kirby, SH Nur, A TI Measured temperature and pressure dependence of compressional (V-p) and shear (V-s) wave speeds in compacted, polycrystalline ice Ih SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS AB We report on laboratory measurements of compressional- and shear-wave speeds in a compacted, polycrystalline ice-Ih sample. The sample was made from triply distilled water that had been frozen into single crystal ice, ground into small grains, and sieved to extract the 180-250 mum diameter fraction. Porosity was eliminated from the sample by compacting the granular ice between a hydraulically driven piston and a fixed end plug, both containing shear-wave transducers. Based on simultaneous compressional- and shear-wave-speed measurements, we calculated Poisson's ratio and compressional-wave, bulk, and shear moduli from -20 to -5degreesC and 22 to 33 MPa. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Helgerud, MB (reprint author), ExxonMobil Explorat Co, POB 4778, Houston, TX 77210 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1139/P03-008 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100011 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Ishii, Y Jones, CY Toby, BH AF Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Ishii, Y Jones, CY Toby, BH TI Temperature dependence of polyhedral cage volumes in clathrate hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The polyhedral cage volumes of structure I (sI) (carbon dioxide, methane, trimethylene oxide) and structure II (sII) (methane-ethane, propane, tetrahydrofuran, trimethylene oxide) hydrates are computed from atomic positions determined from neutron powder-diffraction data. The ideal structural formulas for sI and sII are, respectively, S2L6 . 46H(2)O and S16L'(8) . 136H(2)O, where S denotes a polyhedral cage with 20 vertices, L a 24-cage, and L' a 28-cage. The space-filling polyhedral cages are defined by the oxygen atoms of the hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules. Collectively, the mean cage volume ratio is 1.91 : 1.43 : 1 for the 28-cage : 24-cage : 20-cage, which correspond to equivalent sphere radii of 4.18, 3.79, and 3.37 Angstrom, respectively. At 100 K, mean polyhedral volumes are 303.8, 227.8, and 158.8 Angstrom(3) for the 28-cage, 24-cage, and 20-cage, respectively. In general, the 20-cage volume for a sII is larger than that of a sI, although trimethylene oxide is an exception. The temperature dependence of the cage volumes reveals differences between apparently similar cages with similar occupants. In the case of trimethylene oxide hydrate, which forms both sI and sII, the 20-cages common to both structures contract quite differently. From 220 K, the sII 20-cage exhibits a smooth monotonic reduction in size, whereas the sI 20-cage initially expands upon cooling to 160 K, then contracts more rapidly to 10 K, and overall the sI 20-cage is larger than the sII 20-cage. The volumes of the large cages in both structures contract monotonically with decreasing temperature. These differences reflect reoriented motion of the trimethyelene oxide molecule in the 24-cage of sI, consistent with previous spectroscopic and calorimetric studies. For the 20-cages in methane hydrate (sI) and a mixed methane-ethane hydrate (sII), both containing methane as the guest molecule, the temperature dependence of the 20-cage volume in sII is much less than that in sI, but sII is overall larger in volume. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94550 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1139/P02-141 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100023 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Circone, S Kirby, SH Durham, WB TI Temperature, pressure, and compositional effects on anomalous or "self" preservation of gas hydrates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PURE METHANE HYDRATE; WATER ICE; 1 ATM; DISSOCIATION; MEXICO; GULF; RATES AB We previously reported on a thermal regime where pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate is preserved metastably in bulk at up to 75 K above its nominal temperature stability limit of 193 K at 0.1 MPa, following rapid release of the sample pore pressure. Large fractions (>50 vol.% ) of methane hydrate can be preserved for 2-3 weeks by this method, reflecting the greatly suppressed rates of dissociation that characterize this "anomalous preservation" regime. This behavior contrasts that exhibited by methane hydrate at both colder (193-240 K) and warmer (272-290 K) isothermal test conditions, where dissociation rates increase monotonically with increasing temperature. Here, we report on recent experiments that further investigate the effects of temperature, pressure, and composition on anomalous preservation behavior. All tests conducted on sI methane hydrate yielded self-consistent results that confirm the highly temperature-sensitive but reproducible nature of anomalous preservation behavior. Temperature-stepping experiments conducted between 250 and 268 K corroborate the relative rates measured previously in isothermal preservation tests, and elevated pore-pressure tests showed that, as expected, dissociation rates are further reduced with increasing pressure. Surprisingly, sII methane-ethane hydrate was found to exhibit no comparable preservation effect when rapidly depressurized at 268 K, even though it is thermodynamically stable at higher temperatures and lower pressures than sI methane hydrate. These results, coupled with SEM imaging of quenched sample material from a variety of dissociation tests, strongly support our earlier arguments that ice-"shielding" effects provided by partial dissociation along hydrate grain surfaces do not serve as the primary mechanism for anomalous preservation. The underlying physical-chemistry mechanism(s) of anomalous preservation remains elusive, but appears to be based more on textural or morphological changes within the hydrate material itself, rather than on compositional zoning or ice-rind development. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 24 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 30 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1139/P03-018 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100033 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Stern, LA Kirby, SH AF Durham, WB Stern, LA Kirby, SH TI Ductile flow of methane hydrate SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; BEARING SEDIMENTS; BLAKE RIDGE; WATER ICE; GAS; STRENGTH; CREEP; SAND; LAWS AB Compressional creep tests (i.e., constant applied stress) conducted on pure, polycrystalline methane hydrate over the temperature range 260-287 K and confining pressures of 50-100 MPa show this material to be extraordinarily strong compared to other icy compounds. The contrast with hexagonal water ice, sometimes used as a proxy for gas hydrate properties, is impressive: over the thermal range where both are solid, methane hydrate is as much as 40 times stronger than ice at a given strain rate. The specific mechanical response of naturally occurring methane hydrate in sediments to environmental changes is expected to be dependent on the distribution of the hydrate phase within the formation - whether arranged structurally between and (or) cementing sediment grains versus passively in pore space within a sediment framework. If hydrate is in the former mode, the very high strength of methane hydrate implies a significantly greater strain-energy release upon decomposition and subsequent failure of hydrate-cemented formations than previously expected. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM durham1@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 EI 1208-6045 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1139/P03-042 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100045 ER PT J AU Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Chakoumakos, BC Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Ishii, Y AF Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Chakoumakos, BC Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Ishii, Y TI Neutron powder diffraction studies as a function of temperature of structure II hydrate formed from propane SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; ICE AB Neutron powder diffraction data confirm that hydrate samples synthesized with propane crystallize as structure type II hydrate. The structure has been modeled using rigid-body constraints to describe C3H8 molecules located in the eight larger polyhedral cavities of a deuterated host lattice. Data were collected at 12, 40, 100, 130, 160, 190, 220, and 250 K and used to calculate the thermal expansivity from the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters. The data collected allowed for full structural refinement of atomic coordinates and the atomic-displacement parameters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94550 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rawn, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1139/P03-022 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 685LD UT WOS:000183264100053 ER PT J AU Wiley, JW AF Wiley, JW TI Habitat association, size, stomach contents, and reproductive condition of Puerto Rican Boas (Epicrates inornatus) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The Puerto Rican boa occurs in a variety of habitats, including wet montane forest, lowland wet forest, mangrove forest, wet limestone karst, and offshore cays, and from sea level to 480 m. Mean SVL of 49 encountered boas (live and road-killed) was 136.9 +/- 35.1 (range = 38.8-205 cm), with a mean mass of 952.1 +/- 349.0 g (n = 47; range = 140-1662 g). Prey in digestive tracts (n = 29) included remains of black rats, house mice, three species of anoles, bats, common ground-doves, domestic fowl chicks, and invertebrates. Females were in reproductive condition in late April through mid-August and had an average brood size of 21.8 +/- 6.0 (n = 9, range = 13-30). C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Wiley, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Maryland Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, 1120 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 711PJ UT WOS:000184750000004 ER PT J AU Lopez-Flores, M Cruzburgos, JA Vilella, F AF Lopez-Flores, M Cruzburgos, JA Vilella, F TI Predation of a White-cheeked Pintail (Anas bahamensis) duckling by a bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Lopez-Flores, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mail Stop 9691, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 711PJ UT WOS:000184750000015 ER PT J AU Haney, DC Walsh, SJ AF Haney, DC Walsh, SJ TI Influence of salinity and temperature on the physiology of Limia melanonotata (Cyprinodontiformes : Poeciliidae): A search for abiotic factors limiting insular distribution in Hispaniola SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE CELL-PROLIFERATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS; FRESH-WATER; EASTERN MOSQUITOFISH; ROUTINE METABOLISM; THERMAL TOLERANCE; FISH; VARIEGATUS AB We investigated salinity and temperature effects on routine metabolic rate (RMR), temperature tolerance (CTMax, critical thermal maximum), and salinity tolerance of Limia melanonotata, a poeciliid fish that occurs in west-central inland waters of Hispaniola. Routine metabolic rate and CTMax were measured in fish acclimated to three salinities (0, 30, and 60 ppt) and temperatures (25degrees, 30degrees, and 35degreesC) for nine temperature-salinity combinations. Salinity and temperature did not significantly interact in their effect on RMR. For combined salinity acclimations, adjusted RMR (ANCOVA) was significantly lower at 25degreesC than either 30degrees or 35degreesC. For combined temperature acclimations, mean RMR was significantly lower at 60 ppt than either 0 or 30 ppt. Salinity and temperature had a significant interactive effect on temperature tolerance. Mean CTMax was significantly higher at 30degrees than 25degreesC at all salinities, but at 35degreesC was significantly higher than at 25degrees or 30degreesC only among fish acclimated in fresh water. Fish exposed to a chronic increase in salinity experienced most mortality in a salinity range of 70-107 ppt, with females exhibiting greater salinity tolerance than males. Limia melanonotata approaches the upper extreme in salinity and temperature tolerances known for poeciliids. Our results also suggest that L. melanonotata may reduce energy expenditures at environmental extremes to tolerate harsh conditions for extended periods. Despite its eurythermal and euryhaline adaptations, L. melanonotata has a relatively restricted inland range in Hispaniola and is unknown from inshore brackish or marine habitats. The present distribution of this species and congeners may be the result of a combination of factors that include historical zoogeography and ecological requirements. C1 Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. US Geol Survey, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Haney, DC (reprint author), Furman Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 327 EP 337 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 757WU UT WOS:000187585100008 ER PT J AU Griffin, DW Donaldson, KA Paul, JH Rose, JB AF Griffin, DW Donaldson, KA Paul, JH Rose, JB TI Pathogenic human viruses in coastal waters SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ENTERIC VIRUSES; MARINE WATERS; WASTE-WATER; RT-PCR AB This review addresses both historical and recent investigations into viral contamination of marine waters. With the relatively recent emergence of molecular biology-based assays, a number of investigations have shown that pathogenic viruses are prevalent in marine waters being impacted by sewage. Research has shown that this group of fecal-oral viral pathogens (enteroviruses, hepatitis A viruses, Norwalk viruses, reoviruses, adenoviruses, rotaviruses, etc.) can cause a broad range of asymptomatic to severe gastrointestinal, respiratory, and eye, nose, ear, and skin infections in people exposed through recreational use of the water. The viruses and the nucleic acid signature survive for an extended period in the marine environment. One of the primary concerns of public health officials is the relationship between the presence of pathogens and the recreational risk to human health in polluted marine environments. While a number of studies have attempted to address this issue, the relationship is still poorly understood. A contributing factor to our lack of progress in the field has been the lack of sensitive methods to detect the broad range of both bacterial and viral pathogens. The application of new and advanced molecular methods will continue to contribute to our current state of knowledge in this emerging and important field. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Griffin, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, 600 4th St,South St, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 163 TC 131 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 636PJ UT WOS:000180464800008 PM 12525429 ER PT J AU Sherrod, SK Belnap, J Miller, ME AF Sherrod, SK Belnap, J Miller, ME TI Repeated use of ion-exchange resin membranes in calcareous soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS AB This study compared the consistency of nutrient extraction among repeated cycles of ion-exchange resin membrane use. Two sandy calcareous soils and different equilibration temperatures were tested. No single nutrient retained consistent values from cycle to cycle in all treatments, although both soil source and temperature conferred some influence. It was concluded that the most conservative use of resin membranes is single-use. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. Natl Pk Serv, Moab, UT USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017411 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 654CZ UT WOS:000181477500002 ER PT J AU Sherrod, SK Belnap, J Miller, ME AF Sherrod, SK Belnap, J Miller, ME TI Comparison of ion-exchange resin counterions in the nutrient measurement of calcareous soils: Implications for correlative studies of plant-soil relationships SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ion-exchange resins; counterions; calcareous soils; nutrient extraction method ID PHOSPHORUS; MEMBRANES; PHOSPHATE; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; POTASSIUM; KINETICS; RELEASE; CATIONS AB For more than 40 years, ion-exchange resins have been used to characterize nutrient bioavailability in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To date, however, no standardized methodology has been developed, particularly with respect to the counterions that initially occupy resin exchange sites. To determine whether different resin counterions yield different measures of soil nutrients and rank soils differently with respect to their measured nutrient bioavailability, we compared nutrient measurements by three common counterion combinations (HCl, HOH, and NaHCO3). Five sandy calcareous soils were chosen to represent a range of soil characteristics at Canyonlands National Park, Utah, and resin capsules charged with the different counterions equilibrated in saturated pastes of these soils for one week. Data were converted to proportions of total ions of corresponding charge for ANOVA. Results from the different methods were not comparable with respect to any nutrient. Of eleven nutrients measured, all but iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), and zinc (Zn2+) differed significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) as a function of soil X counterion interactions; Fe2+ and Zn2+ varied as functions of counterion alone. Of the counterion combinations, HCl-resins yielded the most net ion exchange with all measured nutrients except Na+, NH4+, and HPO42-, the three of which desorbed in the greatest quantities from HOH-resins. Conventional chemical extractions using ammonium acetate generally yielded high proportional values of Ca2+, K+, and Na+. Further, among-soil rankings of nutrient bioavailability varied widely among methods. This study highlights the fact that various ion-exchange resin techniques for measuring soil nutrients may have differential effects on the soil-resin environment and yield data that should not be compared nor considered interchangeable. The most appropriate methods for characterizing soil-nutrient bioavailability depends on soil characteristics and likely on the physiological uptake mechanisms of plants or functional groups of interest. The effects of different extraction techniques on nutrient measures should be understood before selecting an extraction method. For example, in the calcareous soils used for this experiment, nutrient extraction methods that alter soil carbonates through dissolution or precipitation could compromise the accurate measurement of plant-available nutrients. The implications of this study emphasize the universal importance of understanding the differential effects of alternate methods on soil chemistry. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, Moab, UT 84532 USA. Natl Pk Serv, SEUG, Moab, UT USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Canyonlands Field Stn, 2290 S W Resource Blvd, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 13-14 BP 1981 EP 2001 DI 10.1081/CSS-120023232 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 708VK UT WOS:000184590300015 ER PT J AU Moore, MK Bemiss, JA Rice, SM Quattro, JM Woodley, CM AF Moore, MK Bemiss, JA Rice, SM Quattro, JM Woodley, CM TI Use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to identify sea turtle eggs and cooked meats to species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE forensic; mitochondrial DNA; restriction fragment length polymorphism; sea turtles; species identification ID GLOBAL POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MARINE TURTLES; SEQUENCES; PRODUCTS AB One of the many threats to sea turtle populations is the take of turtles and their eggs for consumption and sale. Improved species identification methods for sea turtle eggs and cooked meats would facilitate prosecution of those involved. Fatty acid-based methods to identify eggs cannot resolve loggerheads and the two ridley species. Protein-based methods are not applicable to eggs or cooked meat. We present methods to extract DNA from turtle egg and cooked meat and to produce diagnostic restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns in the cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial DNA. This method works on DNA from any tissue, and provides wildlife law enforcement another tool to combat illegal take of endangered species. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Eastern Shore Virginia Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cape Charles, VA 23310 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Sci Biol, Baruch Inst, Sch Environm,Program Marine Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Moore, MK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res Charleston, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 33 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1023/A:1021881319271 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 633EB UT WOS:000180268600008 ER PT J AU Benedict, NG Oyler-McCance, SJ Taylor, SE Braun, CE Quinn, TW AF Benedict, NG Oyler-McCance, SJ Taylor, SE Braun, CE Quinn, TW TI Evaluation of the eastern (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus) and western (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios) subspecies of Sage-grouse using mitochondrial control-region sequence data SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus phaios; Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus; control region; mitochondrial; Sage-grouse ID VEGETATION CHANGES; GENETIC-VARIATION; DNA; POPULATIONS; BOTTLENECK; MOUNTAINS; COLORADO AB The status of Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is of increasing concern, as populations throughout its range have contracted as a result of habitat loss and degradation. Historically, Sage-grouse were classified into two subspecies: eastern (C.u. urophasianus) and western Sage-grouse (C.u. phaios) based on slight differences in coloration noted among eight individuals sampled from Washington, Oregon, and California. We sequenced a rapidly evolving portion of the mitochondrial control region in 332 birds from 16 populations. Although our sampling area covers the proposed boundary between the eastern and western subspecies, no genetic evidence to support the delineation of these subspecies was found. However, a population straddling southwestern Nevada and eastern California was found to contain an unusually high proportion of unique haplo-types, consistent with its genetic isolation from other Sage-grouse populations. Of additional interest was the lack of diversity in the two populations sampled from Washington, one of which contained only a single haplotype. We suggest that multiple lines of evidence are valuable for the formulation of conservation strategies and hence the southwestern Nevada/eastern California population merits further morphological, behavioral, and molecular investigation. C1 Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Grouse Inc, Tucson, AZ 85750 USA. RP Quinn, TW (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1023/A:1024089618546 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 686LG UT WOS:000183322800005 ER PT J AU Talbot, SL Pearce, JM Pierson, BJ Derksen, DV Scribner, KT AF Talbot, SL Pearce, JM Pierson, BJ Derksen, DV Scribner, KT TI Molecular status of the dusky Canada goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis): A genetic assessment of a translocation effort SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bottleneck; Branta canadensis; insular populations; philopatry; translocations ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONTROL REGION; POPULATION; GEESE; CONSERVATION; LOCI; POLYMORPHISMS; MARKERS; ALASKA AB Until recently, the dusky Canada goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis) was managed as one breeding population from the Copper River Delta (CRD), Alaska. Population numbers on the CRD have declined precipitously over the last three decades, due in part to changes in habitat. In 1981, a pair of Canada geese, presumably B. c. occidentalis, was reported nesting on Middleton Island (MID), in the Gulf of Alaska. Numbers of Canada geese on the island increased in the decade subsequent to a translocation of geese from CRD to MID, but it is unclear whether the increase is attributable to the translocation effort. We used genetic data derived from three classes of genetic markers to clarify relationships of Canada geese breeding in south-coastal Alaska. Geese were sampled from 5 populations: CRD, MID, Anchorage (ANC), Admiralty Island (ADM) in southeastern Alaska, and Green Island (GRN) in Prince William Sound (PWS). Mitochondrial DNA analyses demonstrate Canada geese from MID are nearly monomorphic for a unique haplotype fixed on GRN but not found in CRD or any other breeding population. Furthermore, nuclear markers consistently cluster MID with GRN to the exclusion of CRD. We suggest the current population on MID is not derived from birds translocated from CRD, but rather that MID was most likely colonised by birds inhabiting other island habitats within the PWS. Furthermore, since geese from the CRD share mtDNA haplotypes with geese from other breeding locales, they apparently share recent common ancestry and/or gene flow with populations representing other subspecies. Our genetic data raise questions about the validity of current management units of Canada geese. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Talbot, SL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 78 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 367 EP 381 DI 10.1023/A:1024041702616 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 686LG UT WOS:000183322800010 ER PT J AU Olsen, JB Miller, SJ Spearman, WJ Wenburg, JK AF Olsen, JB Miller, SJ Spearman, WJ Wenburg, JK TI Patterns of intra- and inter-population genetic diversity in Alaskan coho salmon: Implications for conservation SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE coho salmon; microsatellite; Oncorhynchus; population genetics ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; DNA VARIATION; F-STATISTICS; CHUM SALMON; DIFFERENTIATION; SUBDIVISION AB Little is known about the genetic diversity of coho salmon in Alaska, although this area represents half of the species' North American range. In this study, nine microsatellite loci were used to genotype 32 putative coho salmon populations from seven regions of Alaska. The primary objectives were to estimate and evaluate the degree and spatial distribution of neutral genetic diversity within and among populations of Alaskan coho salmon. Genetic analysis yielded four results that provide insight into forces influencing genetic diversity in Alaskan coho salmon and have important conservation implications: 1) significant population differentiation was found within each region; 2) the degree of differentiation (FST = 0.099) among populations was as large or larger than that reported for other Pacific salmon species in Alaska; 3) phenetic clustering of populations showed weak geographic concordance; 4) strong genetic isolation by distance was only apparent at the finest geographic scale (within a drainage). These results suggest that coho salmon populations are small relative to populations of other Pacific salmon, and the genetic diversity within and among coho salmon populations is influenced primarily by genetic drift, and not gene flow. Resource management and conservation actions affecting coho salmon in Alaska must recognize that the populations are generally small, isolated, and probably exhibit local adaptation to different spawning and freshwater rearing habitats. These factors justify managing and conserving Alaskan coho salmon at a fine geographic scale. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Olsen, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 5 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1023/A:1025684104113 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 720LE UT WOS:000185261600002 ER PT J AU Jarvi, SI Farias, MEM Baker, H Freifeld, HB Baker, PE Van Gelder, E Massey, JG Atkinson, CT AF Jarvi, SI Farias, MEM Baker, H Freifeld, HB Baker, PE Van Gelder, E Massey, JG Atkinson, CT TI Detection of avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) in native land birds of American Samoa SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE avian malaria; American Samoa; Plasmodium; rRNA; TRAP ID INFECTED HAWAII AMAKIHI; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENES; PATHOGENICITY; FALCIPARUM; PARASITES; RELICTUM; PACIFIC; ISLAND AB This study documents the presence of Plasmodium spp. in landbirds of central Polynesia. Blood samples collected from eight native and introduced species from the island of Tutuila, American Samoa were evaluated for the presence of Plasmodium spp. by nested rDNA PCR, serology and/or microscopy. A total of 111/188 birds (59%) screened by nested PCR were positive. Detection of Plasmodium spp. was verified by nucleotide sequence comparisons of partial 18S ribosomal RNA and TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) genes using phylogenetic analyses. All samples screened by immunoblot to detect antibodies that cross-react with Hawaiian isolates of Plasmodium relictum (153) were negative. Lack of cross-reactivity is probably due to antigenic differences between the Hawaiian and Samoan Plasmodium isolates. Similarly, all samples examined by microscopy (214) were negative. The fact that malaria is present, but not detectable by blood smear evaluation is consistent with low peripheral parasitemia characteristic of chronic infections. High prevalence of apparently chronic infections, the relative stability of the native land bird communities, and the presence of mosquito vectors which are considered endemic and capable of transmitting avian Plasmodia, suggest that these parasites are indigenous to Samoa and have a long coevolutionary history with their hosts. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, USGS, BRD, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough, England. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. E Dunbartonshire Council, Bishopbriggs G64 2TR, Scotland. Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, USGS, BRD, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Jarvi, SI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM jarvi@hawaii.edu NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 5 BP 629 EP 637 DI 10.1023/A:1025626529806 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 720LE UT WOS:000185261600008 ER PT J AU Lance, SL Maldonado, JE Bocetti, CI Pattee, OH Ballou, JD Fleischer, RC AF Lance, SL Maldonado, JE Bocetti, CI Pattee, OH Ballou, JD Fleischer, RC TI Genetic variation in natural and translocated populations of the endangered Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE endangered; microsatellite; mtDNA; squirrel; Sciurus ID TREE AB The Delmarva fox squirrel, Sciurus niger cinereus, is a federally listed endangered subspecies whose range has been reduced by 90%. In an attempt to increase both population size and range, translocation sites were established beginning in the 1960's by moving squirrels from the natural range to sites outside the current range. Although translocations have served as the primary component of the DFS recovery program, there has been very little post-release examination of the genetics of the translocation sites. In this study, we developed ten microsatellite loci, screened the three polymorphic loci, and sequenced a 330 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region in order to assess levels of genetic variation in natural and translocated regions of Delmarva fox squirrels and to compare them to Southeastern fox squirrels (S. n. niger). Although we found low levels of microsatellite polymorphism, there were no differences in heterozygosity between natural and translocated regions, or between Delmarva and Southeastern fox squirrels. We found high levels of polymorphism in the mitochondrial control region. Our patterns of haplotype diversity suggest incomplete lineage sorting of the two subspecies. In general, our data suggest that the current levels of genetic variation in the translocated sites are representative of those found in the natural population, and we encourage the continued use of translocations as a major component of Delmarva fox squirrel recovery. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Colby Coll, Dept Biol, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, California, PA USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Lance, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2003 VL 4 IS 6 BP 707 EP 718 DI 10.1023/B:COGE.0000006112.18846.9f PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 748ZW UT WOS:000186895000005 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Noble, MA Xu, J AF Lee, HJ Noble, MA Xu, J BE Locat, J Cloutier, RG Chaney, R Demars, K TI Sediment transport and deposition processes near ocean outfalls in Southern California SO CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS: CHARACTERIZATION, EVALUATION, MITIGATION/RESTORATION, AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY PERFORMANCE SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Contaminated Sediments CY MAY 26-28, 2003 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm D18 Soil & Rock DE waste disposal; ocean; sewer outfalls; Southern California; environment; physical oceanography; DDT AB An urbanized coastal ocean that has complex topography and large-scale atmospheric and oceanographic forcing can contain a variety of sediment and pollutant distribution patterns. For example, the central southern California Bight has two large embayments, Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays, that are connected by a short, very narrow shelf off the Palos Verdes peninsula. The complex topography causes quite different oceanographic and sediment distribution patterns in this fairly small region of the coastal ocean. In addition, three sewage outfalls discharge material over the outer shelf. A large suite of sediment cores was obtained and analyzed for contaminants, physical properties, accumulation rates, and grain sizes. Arrays of instrumented moorings that monitor currents, waves, water clarity, water density and collect resuspended materials were deployed. The data and models developed for the Palos Verdes margin suggest that a large reservoir of DDT and its byproducts exists in the coastal ocean sediment and will continue to be exhumed and transported along the shelf for a long time. On the Santa Monica shelf, very large internal waves, or bores, are generated at the shelf break. The near-bottom currents associated with these waves sweep sediment and the associated contaminants from the shelf onto the continental slope. On the San Pedro margin an initial examination of recent data collected in the coastal ocean does not suggest that bacterial contamination on local beaches is primarily caused by transport of material from the adjacent ocean outfall. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3466-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1442 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1520/STP11567S PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BW82K UT WOS:000183284900019 ER PT B AU Cannon, SH Gartner, JE Parrett, C Parise, M AF Cannon, SH Gartner, JE Parrett, C Parise, M BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; wildfire; runoff; erosion; channel incision ID WATERSHEDS; INITIATION; MOUNTAIN; FIRE AB Debris-flow initiation processes on hillslopes recently burned by wildfire differ from those generally recognized on unburned, vegetated hillslopes. These differences result from fire-induced changes in the hydrologic response to rainfall events. In this study, detailed field and aerial photographic mapping, observations, and measurements of debris-flow events from three sites in the western U.S. are used to describe and evaluate the process of episodic progressive sediment bulking of storm runoff that leads to the generation of post-wildfire debris flows. Our data demonstrate the effects of material erodibility, sediment availability on hillslopes and in channels, the degree of channel confinement, the formation of continuous channel incision, and the upslope contributing area and its gradient on the generation of flows and the magnitude of the response are demonstrated. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. OI Parise, Mario/0000-0003-0873-5303 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 71 EP 82 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200005 ER PT B AU Reid, ME Brien, DL LaHusen, RG Roering, JJ de la Fuente, J Ellen, SD AF Reid, ME Brien, DL LaHusen, RG Roering, JJ de la Fuente, J Ellen, SD BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Debris-flow initiation from large, slow-moving landslides SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; landslides; real-time monitoring; initiation; California AB In some mountainous terrain, debris flows preferentially initiate from the toes and margins of larger, deeper, slower-moving landslides. During the wet winter of 1997, we began real-time monitoring of the large, active Cleveland Corral landslide complex in California, USA. When the main slide is actively moving, small, shallow, first-time slides on the toe and margins mobilize into debris flows and travel down adjacent gullies. We monitored the acceleration of one such failure; changes in velocity provided precursory indications of rapid failure. Three factors appear to aid the initiation of debris flows at this site: 1) locally steepened ground created by dynamic landslide movement, 2) elevated pore-water pressures and abundant soil moisture, and 3) locally cracked and dilated materials. This association between debris flows and large landslides can be widespread in some terrain. Detailed photographic mapping in two watersheds of northwestern California illustrates that the areal density of debris-flow source landsliding is about 3 to 7 times greater in steep geomorphically fresher landslide deposits than in steep ground outside landslide deposits. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reid, ME (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200013 ER PT B AU Savage, WZ Godt, JW Baum, RL AF Savage, WZ Godt, JW Baum, RL BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI A model for spatially and temporally distributed shallow landslide initiation by rainfall infiltration SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE shallow landslide; regional landslide initiation; debris flow; rainfall infiltration; analytic model; digital topography; GIs AB We describe a model for regional initiation of shallow landslides based on an approximate analytic solution to Richards equation combined with an infinite-slope calculation. The model applied over digital topography computes pressure heads and factors of safety as functions of depth for geographic information system (GIS) grid cells at any time during and after rainfall events. An example is presented that simulates the progressive development of shallow landslides on steep slopes during a rainfall event. This example shows how this modeling provides insights into transient rainfall-caused processes that trigger shallow slope instability and consequent regionally distributed debris-flow events. Specifically, we infer that the spatial pattern of instability is primarily controlled by topography, while intensity and duration of rainfall, and the subsequent pore-pressure responses control the temporal pattern of instability. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Savage, WZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Baum, Rex/0000-0001-5337-1970 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 179 EP 187 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200015 ER PT B AU Schmidt, KM Menges, CM AF Schmidt, KM Menges, CM BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Debris-flow deposits and watershed erosion rates near southern Death Valley, CA, United States SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; shallow landslide; alluvial fan; erosion rate; weathering; Death Valley ID NEVADA; MODEL AB Debris flows from the steep, granitic hillslopes of the Kingston Range, CA are commensurate in age with nearby fluvial deposits. Quaternary chronostratigraphic differentiation of debris-flow deposits is based upon time-dependent characteristics such as relative boulder strength, derived from Schmidt Hammer measurements, degree of surface desert varnish, pedogenesis, and vertical separation. Rock strength is highest for Holocene-aged boulders and decreases for Pleistocene-aged boulders weathering to grus. Volumes of age-stratified debris-flow deposits, constrained by deposit thickness above bedrock, GPS surveys, and geologic mapping, are greatest for Pleistocene deposits. Shallow landslide susceptibility, derived from a topographically based GIS model, in conjunction with deposit volumes produces watershed-scale erosion rates of similar to2-47 mm ka(-1), with time-averaged Holocene rates exceeding Pleistocene rates. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schmidt, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 219 EP 230 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200019 ER PT B AU Iverson, RM AF Iverson, RM BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI The debris-flow rheology myth SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; rheology; dynamics; pore pressure; feedback; mixture theory ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES AB Models that employ a fixed theology cannot yield accurate interpretations or predictions of debris-flow motion, because the evolving behavior of debris flows is too complex to be represented by any theological equation that uniquely relates stress and strain rate. Field observations and experimental data indicate that debris behavior can vary from nearly rigid to highly fluid as a consequence of temporal and spatial variations in pore-fluid pressure and mixture agitation. Moreover, behavior can vary if debris composition changes as a result of grain-size segregation and gain or loss of solid and fluid constituents in transit. An alternative to fixed-rheology models is provided by a Coulomb mixture theory model, which can represent variable interactions of solid and fluid constituents in heterogeneous debris-flow surges with high-friction, coarse-grained heads and low-friction, liquefied tails. C1 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Iverson, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA USA. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 303 EP 314 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200026 ER PT B AU Coe, JA Godt, JW Parise, M Moscariello, A AF Coe, JA Godt, JW Parise, M Moscariello, A BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Estimating debris-flow probability using fan stratigraphy, historic records, and drainage-basin morphology, Interstate 70 highway corridor, central Colorado, USA SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; recurrence interval; probability; basin morphology; Melton's number; fan; stratigraphy; Colorado ID TIMBERLINE; RANGE AB We have used stratigraphic and historic records of debris-flows to estimate mean recurrence intervals of past debris-flow events on 19 fans along the Interstate 70 highway corridor in the Front Range of Colorado. Estimated mean recurrence intervals were used in the Poisson probability model to estimate the probability of future debris-flow events on the fans. Mean recurrence intervals range from 7 to about 2900 years. Annual probabilities range from less than 0.1% to about 13%. A regression analysis of mean recurrence interval data and drainage-basin morphometry yields a regression model that may be suitable to estimate mean recurrence intervals on fans with no stratigraphic or historic records. Additional work is needed to verify this model. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Coe, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Parise, Mario/0000-0003-0873-5303; Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 1085 EP 1096 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200093 ER PT B AU Gori, PL Jeer, SP Highland, LM AF Gori, PL Jeer, SP Highland, LM BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Enlisting the Support of land-use planners to reduce debris-flow hazards in the United States SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE landslides; debris-flow hazard; land-use planning; natural hazard AB Land-use planners have an important role in reducing losses from debris-flow hazards. For that reason, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the American Planning Association (APA) have developed a strategy to make information about landslide and debris-flow hazards available to local planners so that they can incorporate this information into the planning process. A guidebook for planners and active training and technical support are the centerpieces of this strategy. The strategy that the USGS is using, which enlists the support of a professional society such as the APA to develop the guidebook and communicate with its members, may be a useful example for other countries to follow. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Gori, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 1119 EP 1127 PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200096 ER PT B AU Major, JJ Schilling, SP Pullinger, CR AF Major, JJ Schilling, SP Pullinger, CR BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Volcanic debris flows in developing countries - the extreme need for public education and awareness of debris-flow hazards SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; landslides; lahar; volcano; hazard mitigation; public awareness ID LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY; EARTHQUAKE AB In many developing countries, volcanic debris flows pose a significant societal risk owing to the distribution of dense populations that commonly live on or near a volcano. At many 3 volcanoes, modest volume (up to 500,000 m(3)) debris flows are relatively common (multiple times per century) and typically flow at least 5 km along established drainages. Owing to typical debris-flow velocities there is little time for authorities to provide effective warning of the occurrence of a debris flow to populations within 10 km of a source area. Therefore, people living, working, or recreating along channels that drain volcanoes must learn to recognize potentially hazardous conditions, be aware of the extent of debris-flow hazard zones, and be prepared to evacuate to safer ground when hazardous conditions develop rather than await official warnings or intervention. Debris-flow-modeling and hazard-assessment studies must be augmented with public education programs that emphasize recognizing conditions favorable for triggering landslides and debris flows if effective hazard mitigation is to succeed. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. RP Major, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA USA. OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 1185 EP 1196 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200102 ER PT B AU Wieczorek, GF Coe, JA Godt, JW AF Wieczorek, GF Coe, JA Godt, JW BE Rickenmann, D Chen, C TI Remote sensing of rainfall for debris-flow hazard assessment SO DEBRIS-FLOW HAZARDS MITIGATION: MECHANICS, PREDICTION, AND ASSESSMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP Amer Geophys Union, Assoc Engn Geol, Environm & Water Resources Inst ASCE, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Geo-Inst ASCE, Geol Soc Amer, Int Assoc Hydraul Engn & Res, Int Assoc Hydraul Sci, Int Eros Control Assoc, Int Union Forest Res Org, Japan Landslide Soc, Japan Soc Eros Control Engn, Natl Sci Fdn, US Geol Survey, Swiss Agcy Environm Forests & Landscape, Swiss Fed Off Water & Geol, Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Fatzer AG, Geobrugg Protect Systs Romanshorn, FLO-2D Software Inc, Nutrioso DE debris flow; rainfall intensity; Doppler radar; infrared imagery; remote sensing ID THRESHOLD AB Recent advances in remote sensing of rainfall provide more detailed temporal and spatial data on rainfall distribution. Four case studies of abundant debris flows over relatively small areas triggered during intense rainstorms are examined noting the potential for using remotely sensed rainfall data for landslide hazard analysis. Three examples with rainfall estimates from National Weather Service Doppler radar and one example with rainfall estimates from infrared imagery from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite are compared with ground-based measurements of rainfall and with landslide distribution. The advantages and limitations of using remote sensing of rainfall for landslide hazard analysis are discussed. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wieczorek, GF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. OI Coe, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0842-9608 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-78-X PY 2003 BP 1257 EP 1268 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BY73V UT WOS:000189451200108 ER PT B AU Belnap, J Phillips, S Duniway, M Reynolds, R AF Belnap, J Phillips, S Duniway, M Reynolds, R BE Alsharhan, AS Wood, WW Goudie, AS Fowler, A Abdellatif, EM TI Soil fertility in deserts: A review on the influence of biological soil crusts and the effect of soil surface disturbance on nutrient inputs and losses SO DESERTIFICATION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Desertification Conference Toward Better Management of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in the 21st Century CY FEB 12-16, 2000 CL DUBAI, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Zayed Prize Fdn ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CRYPTOGAMIC CRUSTS; SOUTHEASTERN UTAH; WIND EROSION; NITROGEN; PLANTS; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; INOCULANT AB Sources of desert soil fertility include parent material weathering, aeolian deposition, and on-site C and N biotic fixation. While parent materials provide many soil nutrients, aeolian deposition can provide up to 75% of plant-essential nutrients including N, P, K, Mg, Na, Mn, Cu, and Fe. Soil surface biota are often sticky, and help retain wind-deposited nutrients, as well as providing much of the N inputs. Carbon inputs are from both plants and soil surface biota. Most desert soils are protected by cyanobacterial-lichen-moss soil crusts, chemical crusts and/or desert pavement. Experimental disturbances applied in US deserts show disruption of soil surfaces result in decreased N and C inputs from soil biota by up to 100%. The ability to glue aeolian deposits in place is compromised, and underlying soils are exposed to erosion. The ability to withstand wind increases with biological and physical soil crust development. While most undisturbed sites show little sediment production, disturbance by vehicles or livestock produce up to 36 times more sediment production, with soil movement initiated at wind velocities well below commonly-occurring wind speeds. Soil fines and flora are often concentrated in the top 3 mm of the soil surface. Winds across disturbed areas can quickly remove this material from the soil surface, thereby potentially removing much of current and future soil fertility. Thus, disturbance of desert soil surfaces can both reduce fertility inputs and accelerate fertility losses. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-571-1 PY 2003 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX12V UT WOS:000184355600025 ER PT B AU Reynolds, R Reheis, M Hinkley, T Tigges, R Clow, G Lamothe, P Yount, J Meeker, G Chavez, P Mackinnon, D Velasco, M Sides, S Soltesz, D Lancaster, N Miller, M Fulton, R Belnap, J AF Reynolds, R Reheis, M Hinkley, T Tigges, R Clow, G Lamothe, P Yount, J Meeker, G Chavez, P Mackinnon, D Velasco, M Sides, S Soltesz, D Lancaster, N Miller, M Fulton, R Belnap, J BE Alsharhan, AS Wood, WW Goudie, AS Fowler, A Abdellatif, EM TI Dust emission and deposition in the Southwestern United States - Integrated field, remote sensing, and modeling studies to evaluate response to climatic variability and land use SO DESERTIFICATION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Desertification Conference Toward Better Management of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in the 21st Century CY FEB 12-16, 2000 CL DUBAI, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Zayed Prize Fdn ID OWENS DRY LAKE; MOJAVE DESERT; PEDOGENIC PROCESSES; SOUTHERN NEVADA; WIND EROSION; CALIFORNIA; SOILS; AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; NORTHERN AB Geomorphic processes in and regions are particularly sensitive to climatic variability. In this context, integrated studies are being conducted to understand the response of dust emission and deposition to climatic and land-use change in the and southwestern United States. Several approaches are taken to monitor wind erosion and characterize modem dust - its sources, flux, and composition - to document the potential for desertification under future climatic conditions. Wind erosion is monitored at ecologically sensitive sites, using meteorological stations that measure sand flux within the saltation layer. Dust deposition is also monitored at these and many other sites using different types of dust collectors. In addition, new remote sensing methods detect the location, frequency, magnitude, and duration of large dust-emission events. Remotely sensed images of vegetation change, combined with those that illustrate high soil reflectivity, complement dust-detection methods to identify areas especially susceptible to wind erosion. Dust trapped in collectors and in snow is characterized for its physical, mineralogic, and chemical properties. Combined with soil and weather data, such characterization sheds light on: (1) the relation between dust storms and synoptic climatic conditions; (2) the importance of Owens (dry) Lake (California) as a dominant source of southwestern U.S. dust, for as much as 400 km downwind; (3) the impacts of human disturbances in the desert, revealed by signatures of agricultural and construction dust; and (4) the composition and flux of regional background dust composition and flux. Past dust flux is studied from late Quaternary eolian deposits, partly using a new combination of magnetic and chemical methods developed to recognize eolian dust in soils and surficial deposits over large regions. Such studies have applications to understanding current plant distribution, substrates for biologic soil crust, and paleoenvironmental histories of ecosystems. A wind-erosion model based on wind strength, atmospheric shear stress on the surface, and atmospheric stability is being developed. This model will be constrained by remote sensing and ground-based observations and will then be linked with a regional climate model and interactive vegetation package to forecast how various climatic and land-use scenarios interact with critical wind speeds required to move surface materials. We will attempt to answer the following questions: How does wind strength vary with natural climate cycles on decadal and century time scales? To what extent will winds become stronger or weaker under future climate scenarios? How have soil moisture and vegetation changes affected wind erosion in the past, and what can we expect in the future? As an example of possible future conditions, projections of doubled atmospheric CO2 (above pre-industrial levels) for the southwestern U.S. suggest a decrease in winter soil moisture, which may enhance wind erosion. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reynolds, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-571-1 PY 2003 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX12V UT WOS:000184355600028 ER PT B AU Webb, RH Thomas, KA AF Webb, RH Thomas, KA BE Alsharhan, AS Wood, WW Goudie, AS Fowler, A Abdellatif, EM TI Recoverability of severely disturbed soils and vegetation in the Mojave Desert, California, USA SO DESERTIFICATION IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Desertification Conference Toward Better Management of Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in the 21st Century CY FEB 12-16, 2000 CL DUBAI, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Zayed Prize Fdn ID PLANT-RESPONSE; BULK-DENSITY; GHOST-TOWNS; RECOVERY; COMPACTION; NEVADA; CONSTRUCTION; SUCCESSION; ECOSYSTEM; ARIZONA AB Several land-use practices cause severe disturbance to soils and vegetation. In the Mojave Desert of California, large-scale revegetation is prohibitively expensive, and most severely disturbed lands will recover without human intervention. Previous studies indicate that natural recovery of severely disturbed desert ecosystems is extremely slow, if such ecosystems recover at all. Recovery of compacted soil is expected to vary as a function of precipitation amounts, wetting-and-drying cycles, freeze-thaw cycles, and bioturbation. Compaction recovery was measured at 16 sites with 29 site-time combinations. The recovery rate is logarithmic with the highest rate of change occurring in the first few decades following abandonment. Some higher-elevation sites have completely recovered from soil compaction after 80 years, and recovery-time estimates range from 70-125 yrs depending on the form of the model. Plant cover, irrespective of species composition, recovers in less than a century, but restoration of species composition requires several thousand years for full recovery at some sites. Soil compaction may inhibit recovery of perennial vegetation, but its full effects are masked by high variability in the recovery process. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Webb, RH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-571-1 PY 2003 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX12V UT WOS:000184355600029 ER PT S AU Stone, TC Kieffer, HH Becker, KJ AF Stone, TC Kieffer, HH Becker, KJ BE Barnes, WL TI Modeling the radiance of the moon for on-orbit calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems VIII CY AUG 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE on-orbit calibration; moon; radiance ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; CLEMENTINE; IRRADIANCE AB The RObotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed radiometric models of the Moon for disk-integrated irradiance and spatially resolved radiance. Although the brightness of the Moon varies spatially and with complex dependencies upon illumination and viewing geometry, the surface photometric properties are extremely stable, and therefore potentially knowable to high accuracy. The ROLO project has acquired 5+ years of spatially resolved lunar images in 23 VNIR and 9 SWIR filter bands at phase angles up to 90degrees. These images are calibrated to exoatmospheric radiance using nightly stellar observations in a band-coupled extinction algorithm and a radiometric scale based upon observations of the star Vega. An effort is currently underway to establish an absolute scale with direct traceability to NIST radiometric standards. The ROLO radiance model performs linear fitting of the spatially resolved lunar image data on an individual pixel basis. The results are radiance images directly comparable to spacecraft observations of the Moon. Model-generated radiance images have been produced for the ASTER lunar view conducted on 14 April 2003. The radiance model is still experimental - simplified photometric functions have been used, and initial results show evidence of computational instabilities, particularly at the lunar poles. The ROLO lunar image dataset is unique and extensive and presents opportunities for development of novel approaches to lunar photometric modeling. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Stone, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5024-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5151 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1117/12.506117 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BY13A UT WOS:000187838100047 ER PT S AU Michael, AJ Field, N Frankel, A Gomberg, J Shedlock, K AF Michael, AJ Field, N Frankel, A Gomberg, J Shedlock, K BE Mulargia, F Geller, RJ TI Time-dependent hazard estimates and forecasts, and their uncertainties SO EARTHQUAKE SCIENCE AND SEISMIC RISK REDUCTION SE NATO Science Series IV Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the State of Scientific Knowledge Regarding Earthquake Occurrence and Implications for Public Policy CY OCT 14-19, 2000 CL Arbus, ITALY SP NATO ID EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES; CALIFORNIA; MODELS; DEFORMATION; PREDICTION; FRICTION; LANDERS; FAULT; LAW C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Michael, AJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 977,345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-1238 BN 1-4020-1778-2 J9 NATO SCI S SS IV EAR JI NATO Sci. Series IV Earth Environ. Sciences PY 2003 VL 32 BP 181 EP 216 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BAL58 UT WOS:000222684100005 ER PT B AU Cochrane, JF Haight, RG Starfield, AM AF Cochrane, JF Haight, RG Starfield, AM BE Dale, VH TI Modeling for endangered-species recovery: Gray wolves in the western Great Lakes region SO ECOLOGICAL MODELING FOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management CY OCT 23-26, 2000 CL OAK RIDGE, TN SP US Dept Defense, Strateg Environm Res & Dev Program, USA, Res Off, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, USDA, Forest Serv, DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID POPULATION VIABILITY; DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS; WOLF POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MINNESOTA C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Grand Marais, MN 55604 USA. RP Cochrane, JF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, POB 668, Grand Marais, MN 55604 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 0-387-95493-7 PY 2003 BP 23 EP 45 DI 10.1007/0-387-21563-8_2 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV81Q UT WOS:000180116300002 ER PT J AU Konar, B Estes, JA AF Konar, B Estes, JA TI The stability of boundary regions between kelp beds and deforested areas SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleurian Islands; boundary stability; grazing; kelp; sea urchins; Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus ID GREEN SEA-URCHIN; MULTIPLE STABLE POINTS; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-DROEBACHIENSIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; LYTECHINUS-VARIEGATUS; FORAGING PATTERNS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; GIANT-KELP; FOREST AB Two distinct organizational states of kelp forest communities, foliose algal assemblages and deforested barren areas, typically display sharp discontinuities. Mechanisms responsible for maintaining these state differences were studied by manipulating various features of their boundary regions, Urchins in the barren areas had significantly smaller gonads than those in adjacent kelp stands, implying that food was a limiting resource for urchins in the barrens. The abundance of drift algae and living foliose algae varied abruptly across the boundary between kelp beds and barren areas. These observations raise the question of why urchins from barrens do not invade kelp stands to improve their fitness, By manipulating kelp and urchin densities at boundary regions and within kelp beds, we tested the hypothesis that kelp stands inhibit invasion of urchins. Urchins that were experimentally added to kelp beds persisted and reduced kelp abundance until winter storms either swept the urchins away or caused them to seek refuge within crevices. Urchins' invaded kelp bed margins when foliose algae were removed but were prevented from doing so when kelps were replaced with physical models. The sweeping motion of kelps over the seafloor apparently inhibits urchins from crossing the boundary between kelp stands and barren areas, thus maintaining these alternate stable states. Our findings Suggest that kelp stands are able to defend themselves from their most important herbivore, by combining their flexible morphology with the energy of wave-generated surge. The inhibitory influence of this interaction may be an important mechanism maintaining the patchwork mosaics of barren areas and kelp beds that characterize many kelp forest ecosystems. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Konar, B (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, POB 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 74 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 52 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 174 EP 185 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0174:TSOBRB]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642FC UT WOS:000180792700016 ER PT B AU Sogge, MK Sferra, SJ McCarthey, TD Williams, SO Kus, BE AF Sogge, MK Sferra, SJ McCarthey, TD Williams, SO Kus, BE BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Distribution and characteristics of Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites and territories: 1993-2001 SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE breeding sites; distribution; Empidonax traillii extimus; extirpation; habitat; saltcedar; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; status. AB Effective conservation and management of an endangered species requires knowledge of its abundance, distribution, and breeding site characteristics. Using published literature, unpublished reports, and personal communications, we synthesized information on all known Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) breeding sites from 1993 through 2001. Due to extensive survey efforts throughout the Southwest, the number of known flycatcher territories has increased from I I I (in 1993) to 986 (in 20 01); the number of known breeding sites similarly increased from 30 to 221. Most territories are found within small breeding sites (those sites with five or fewer territories); only two sites have 50 or more territories. Sixty-five sites have been extirpated since 1993; 61 of these had five or fewer territories. The states of California, Arizona, and New Mexico account for 89% of known territories; Nevada, Colorado, and Utah collectively have 11%. Approximately half of territories are in habitats comprised of >90% native plants; the other half have a >10% exotic tree and/or shrub component. Approximately 90% of territories are in habitats where willow (Salix spp.), saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), or boxelder (Acer negundo) are the dominant tree species; boxelder use occurs only in the Cliff-Gila Valley, New Mexico. Slightly less than half of all sites are on federally-controlled lands; 26% are on private lands. Privately owned sites account for 37% of known territories, and one-third (35%) of these are found in the Cliff-Gila Valley. No data are available on the current status of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher in Texas or northern Mexico. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Sogge, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200001 ER PT B AU Kus, BE Beck, PP Wells, JM AF Kus, BE Beck, PP Wells, JM BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Southwestern Willow Flycatcher populations in California: Distribution, abundance, and potential for conservation SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE California; Empidonax traillii extimus; endangered species; habitat conservation; riparian; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher AB Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) in California occupy a range extending from the United States-Mexico border north to the southern Sierra Nevada and adjacent valleys. Surveys conducted by numerous investigators in 1999-2001 indicate a statewide population of at least 194 territories distributed across 58 sites in ten counties, representing 20% of the US population. Flycatcher numbers at 26 sites surveyed in all three years increased slightly from 131 to 138 territories (5%) between 1999 and 2001. Populations ranged from 1-50 territories in size, with nearly half the flycatchers concentrated in three "large" (>15 territories) sites, including the South Fork of the Kern, upper San Luis Rey, and lower Santa Margarita rivers. Ninety percent of sites supported five or fewer territories, suggesting a potentially high degree of vulnerability to extinction by stochastic events. Rangewide surveys conducted in 1997 of over 500 km of riparian habitat in southern California revealed that over half was highly disturbed, and an additional third moderately disturbed, by sand mining, agriculture, grazing, urbanization, altered hydrology, and invasion by exotic plants. This suggests that availability of suitable habitat may be severely limited and conservation measures are needed to restore habitat. High spatial and temporal variability in patterns of nesting success, productivity, and population growth complicate efforts to identify factors limiting flycatcher populations and to provide conditions conducive to recovery. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Kus, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 5745 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite M, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200002 ER PT B AU Drost, CA Paxton, EH Sogge, MK Whitfield, MJ AF Drost, CA Paxton, EH Sogge, MK Whitfield, MJ BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Food habits of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher during the nesting season SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE diet; Empidonax traillii extimus; fecal sacs; invertebrates; nestlings; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher AB The food habits and prey base of the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) are not well known. We analyzed prey remains in 59 fecal samples from an intensively-studied population of this flycatcher at the Kern River Preserve in southern California. These samples were collected during the nesting season in 1996 and 1997 from adults caught in mist nets, and from nestlings temporarily removed from the nest for banding. A total of 379 prey individuals were identified in the samples. Dominant prey taxa, both in total numbers and in percent occurrence, were true bugs (Hemiptera), flies (Diptera), and beetles (Coleoptera). Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), spiders (Araneae), bees and wasps (Hymenoptera), and dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) were also common items. Diet composition was significantly different between years, due to a large difference in the numbers of spiders between 1996 and 1997. There was also a significant difference between the diet of young and adults, with the diet of young birds having significantly higher numbers of odonates and beetles. There was a trend toward diet differences between males and females, but this was not significant at the P = 0.05 level. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Drost, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, 2225 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 96 EP 103 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200013 ER PT B AU Mora, MA Rourke, J Sferra, SJ King, K AF Mora, MA Rourke, J Sferra, SJ King, K BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Environmental contaminants in surrogate birds and insects inhabiting Southwestern Willow Flycatcher habitat in Arizona SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE Arizona; contaminants; DDE; Empidonax traillii extimus; inorganic elements; insectivorous birds; PCBs; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher AB Several deformed Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) were reported in Arizona during the last few years. Environmental contaminants, particularly persistent bioaccumulative pollutants, have been associated with deformities in other birds from diverse areas of the United States. One objective of this study was to determine if environmental contaminants could be linked to deformities of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher in Arizona. We measured levels of selected inorganic and organic contaminants in potential insect prey of the Willow Flycatcher and in avian surrogate species at selected sites within the San Pedro River and in Roosevelt Lake. DDE and PCBs were the only organochlorine compounds quantified above detection limits in all samples. None of the mean concentrations of DDE and PCBs in eggs, nestlings, or adult birds were near or above the threshold for potential detrimental effects on the birds themselves or on predators that may feed on them. Also, none of the concentrations of metals and metalloids in eggs, nestlings, and adults were at levels known to affect reproduction or that have been associated with deformities. Selenium was relatively elevated in bird samples (up to 5.8 mug/g dry mass); however, these levels were still below those that have been associated with deformities in birds. We detected high concentrations of Sr (up to 450 mug/g dry mass) in whole eggs of Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens) that could affect eggshell strength, but more research is needed. Overall, the contaminants reported in this study are not likely to be implicated in the deformities observed in Southwestern Willow Flycatchers in the Lower San Pedro River and Roosevelt Lake. C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 2258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 168 EP 176 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200022 ER PT B AU Paxton, EH Cardinal, SN Koronkiewicz, TJ AF Paxton, EH Cardinal, SN Koronkiewicz, TJ BE Sogge, MK Kus, BE Sferra, SJ Whitfield, MJ TI Using radiotelemetry to determine home range size, habitat use, and movement patterns of Willow Flycatchers SO ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF THE WILLOW FLYCATCHER SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecology and Conservation of the Willow Flycatcher CY OCT 24-25, 2001 CL TEMPE, AZ SP US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Forest Serv, Arizona Dept Fish & Game DE Empidonax traillii; habitat use; home range; movements; radiotelemetry; Willow Flycatcher AB In 2002, we tracked four Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) for eight days with radio-transmitters. Although conducted for only a brief period of time and on a small number of individuals, this is the first radiotelemetry study of Willow Flycatchers, and the information gleaned has potentially important implications for current and future Willow Flycatcher research and management. An average of 30 locations were collected on each individual, yielding insight into home range, habitat use, and movements. The average size of the home range of three of the four flycatchers was 1.2 ha (based on the minimum convex polygon method). The fourth individual was tracked over a much larger area than the other three, with movements of up to 2.5 km documented. Home range estimates for all four flycatchers were still rapidly increasing by the end of the study, indicating that the documented sizes are under-estimates. All flycatchers used a variety of habitat types, including the mature riparian vegetation that they nest in, surrounding sparsely vegetated young riparian habitat, and non-riparian upland habitat. This study found that telemetry is a viable research technique for the Willow Flycatcher, and can provide important information on home range, habitat use, and movement patterns. Further study is needed to evaluate how common or rare our findings are for the Willow Flycatcher across its range. C1 US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Paxton, EH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SW Biol Sci, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. OI Paxton, Eben/0000-0001-5578-7689 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-36-0 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2003 IS 26 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BX37N UT WOS:000185082200025 ER PT J AU Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ Robert, F Hart, CJR AF Groves, DI Goldfarb, RJ Robert, F Hart, CJR TI Gold deposits in metamorphic belts: Overview of current understanding, outstanding problems, future research, and exploration significance SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID ABITIBI GREENSTONE-BELT; BEARING QUARTZ VEINS; FLUID INCLUSION CONSTRAINTS; HOSTED MASSIVE SULFIDE; U-PB GEOCHRONOLOGY; AU-MO DEPOSIT; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; OROGENIC GOLD; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; YILGARN-CRATON AB Metamorphic belts are complex regions where accretion or collision has added to, or thickened, continental crust. Gold-rich deposits can be formed at all stages of orogen evolution, so that evolving metamorphic belts contain diverse gold deposit types that may be juxtaposed or overprint each other. This partly explains the high level of controversy on the origin of some deposit types, particularly those formed or overprinted/remobilized during the major compressional orogeny that shaped the final geometry of the hosting metamorphic belts. These include gold-dominated orogenic and intrusion-related deposits, but also particularly controversial gold deposits with atypical metal associations. Orogenic lode gold deposits of Middle Archean to Tertiary age are arguably the predominant gold deposit type in metamorphic belts, and include several giant (>250 t Au) and numerous world-class (>100 t An) examples. Their defining characteristics and spatial and temporal distributions are now relatively well documented, such that other gold deposit types can be compared and contrasted against them. They form as an integral part of the evolution of subduction-related accretionary or collisional terranes in which the host-rock sequences were formed in arcs, back arcs, or accretionary prisms. Current unknowns for orogenic gold deposits include the following: (1) the precise tectonic setting and age of mineralization in many provinces, particularly in Paleozoic and older metamorphic belts; (2) the source of ore fluids and metals; (3) the precise architecture of the hydrothermal systems, particularly the relationship between first- and lower-order structures; and (4) the specific depositional mechanisms for gold, particularly for high-grade deposits. Gold-dominant intrusion-related deposits are a less coherent group of deposits, which are mainly Phanerozoic in age, and include a few world-class, but no unequivocal giant, examples. They have many similarities to orogenic deposits in terms of metal associations, wall-rock alteration assemblages, ore fluids, and, to a lesser extent, structural controls, and hence, some deposits, particularly those with close spatial relationships to granitoid intrusions, have been placed in both orogenic and intrusion-related categories by different authors. Those that are clearly intrusion-related deposits appear to be best distinguished by their near-craton setting, in locations more distal from subduction zones than most orogenic gold deposits and in provinces that also commonly contain Sn and/or W deposits; relatively low gold grades (<1-2 g/t Au); and district-scale zoning to Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in distal zones. Outstanding problems for intrusion-related deposits include the following: (1) lack of a clear definition of this apparently diverse group of deposits, (2) lack of a definitive link for ore fluids and metals between mineralization and magmatism, (3) the diverse nature of both petrogenetic association and redox state of the granitoids invoked as the source of mineralization, and (4) mechanisms for exsolution of the CO2-rich ore fluids from the relatively shallow level granitoids implicated as ore-fluid sources. Gold deposits with atypical metal associations are a particularly diverse and controversial group, are most abundant in Late Archean terranes, and include several world-class to giant examples. Most are probably modified Cu-Mo-Au porphyry, volcanic rock-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag-Au massive sulfide, or Zn-Pb-Ag-Au or Ba-Au-Mo-Hg submarine epithermal systems, overprinted or remobilized during the events in which orogenic gold deposits formed, but there is lack of consensus on genesis. Outstanding problems for these deposits include the following: (1) lack of a clear grouping of distinctive deposits, (2) lack of published, well integrated studies of their characteristics, (3) generally a poorly defined timing of mineralization events, and (4) lack of assessment of metal mass-balances in each stage of the complex mineralization and overprinting events. Both orogenic gold deposits and gold deposits with atypical metal associations contain a few giant and numerous world-class examples, whereas the intrusion-related group contains very few world-class examples, and no giants, unless Muruntau is included in this group. Preliminary analysis suggests that the parameters of individual world-class to giant gold deposits of any type show considerable variation, and that it is impossible to define critical factors that control their size and grade at the deposit scale. However, there appears more promise at the terrane to province scale where there are greater indications of common factors such as anomalous subduction-related tectonic settings, reactivated crustal-scale deformation zones that focus porphyrylamprophyre dike swarms in linear volcanosedimentary belts, complex regional-scale geometry of mixed lithostratigraphic packages, and evidence for multiple mineralization or remobilization events. There are a number of outstanding problems for all types of gold deposits in metamorphic belts. These include the following: (1) definitive classifications, (2) unequivocal recognition of fluid and metal sources, (3) understanding of fluid migration and focusing at all scales, (4) resolution of the precise role of granitoid magmatism, (5) precise gold-depositional mechanisms, particularly those producing high gold grades, and (6) understanding of the release of CO2-rich fluids from subducting slabs and subcreted oceanic crust and granitoid magmas at different crustal levels. Research needs to be better coordinated and more integrated, such that detailed fluid-inclusion, trace-element, and isotopic studies of both gold deposits and potential source rocks, using cutting-edge technology, are embedded in a firm geological framework at terrane to deposit scales. Ultimately, four-dimensional models need to be developed, involving high-quality, three-dimensional geological data combined with integrated chemical and fluid-flow modeling, to understand the total history of the hydrothermal systems involved. Such research, particularly that which can predict superior targets visible in data sets available to exploration companies before discovery, has obvious spin-offs for global- to deposit-scale targeting of deposits with superior size and grade in the covered terranes that will be the exploration focus of the twenty-first century. C1 Univ Western Australia, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Dept Geol & Geophys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Barrick Gold Australia Ltd, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Yukon Geol Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada. RP Groves, DI (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Dept Geol & Geophys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM dgroves@geol.uwa.edu.au NR 223 TC 375 Z9 412 U1 27 U2 152 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 98 IS 1 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.2113/98.1.1 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 656MA UT WOS:000181610500001 ER PT J AU Jia, YF Kerrich, R Goldfarb, R AF Jia, YF Kerrich, R Goldfarb, R TI Metamorphic origin of ore-forming fluids for orogenic gold-bearing quartz vein systems in the North American Cordillera: Constraints from a reconnaissance study of delta N-15, delta D, and delta O-18 SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID NITROGEN ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; PETROGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE; CENTRAL VICTORIA; CATALINA SCHIST; OCEANIC BASALTS; DUAL ORIGINS; MOTHER-LODE AB The western North American Cordillera hosts a large number of gold-bearing quartz vein systems from the Mother Lode of southern California, through counterparts in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska, to the Klondike district in central Yukon. These vein systems are structurally controlled by major fault zones, which are often reactivated terrane-bounding sutures that formed in orogens built during accretion and subduction of terranes along the continental margin of North America. Mineralization ages span mid-jurassic to early Tertiary and encompass much of the evolution of the Cordilleran orogen. Nitrogen contents and delta(15)N values of hydrothermal micas from veins are between 130 and 3,500 ppm and 1.7 to 5.5 per mil, respectively. These values are consistent with fluids derived from metamorphic dehydration reactions within the Phanerozoic accretion-subduction complexes, which have delta(15)N values of 1 to 6 per mil. The delta(18)O values of gold-bearing vein quartz from different locations in the Cordillera are between 14.6 and 22.2 per mil but are uniform for individual vein systems. The deltaD values of hydrothemal micas are between -110 and -60 per mil. Ore fluids have calculated delta(18)O values of 8 to 16 per mil and deltaD values of -65 to -10 per mil at an estiniated temperature of 300degreesC; deltaD values of ore fluids do not show any latitudinal control. These results indicate a deep crustal source for the ore-forming fluids, most likely of metamorphic origin. Low deltaD(H2O) values of -120 to -130 per mil for a hydrous muscovite from the Sheba vain in the Klondike district reflect secondary exchange between recrystallizing mica and meteoric waters. Collectively, the N, H, and O isotope compositions of ore-related hydrothemal minerals indicate that the formation of these gold-bearing veins involved dilute, aqueous carbonic, and nitrogen-bearing fluids that were generated from metamorphic dehydration reactions at deep crustal levels. These data are not consistent with either mantle-derived fluids or granitoid-related magmatic fluids, nor do they support a model involving deeply circulated meteoric water. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mineral Resources Program, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jia, YF (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, 114 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM yiefei.jia@anu.edu.au NR 103 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 98 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.2113/98.1.109 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 656MA UT WOS:000181610500006 ER PT B AU Haro, A AF Haro, A BE Aida, K Tsukamoto, K Yamauchi, K TI Downstream migration of silver-phase anguillid eels SO EEL BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advances in Eel Biology CY SEP 28-30, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Biol Resources Div, Turners Fall, MA USA. RP Haro, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Lab, Biol Resources Div, POB 796, Turners Fall, MA USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 37-3, HONGO 3-CHOME BONKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN BN 4-431-00458-0 PY 2003 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX86A UT WOS:000186647000015 ER PT J AU Fries, JN AF Fries, JN TI Possible reproduction of the comal springs riffle beetle, Heterelmis comalensis (Coleoptera : elmidae), in captivity SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Heterelmis comalensis; coleoptera; elmidae; Texas; reproduction AB Endangered Comal Springs riffle beetles have been kept in captivity at the San Marcos National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center since 1996. In 2000, beetle larvae were found in an aquarium that previously had only adults. None of the larvae survived for more than 8 months. One adult beetle survived for 19 months. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Fries, JN (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Marcos Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, 500 E McCarty Lane, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM joe_fries@fws.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 114 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 810JN UT WOS:000220700700003 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Zhuang, P Zhang, T Zhang, LZ AF Kynard, B Zhuang, P Zhang, T Zhang, LZ TI Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, from the Yangtze River, with notes on body color and development rate SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE habitat; dispersal; Acipenseriformes; early life history ID SHORTNOSE STURGEON; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; BREVIROSTRUM AB We conducted laboratory experiments with Dabry's sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus, from the upper Yangtze River to develop a conceptual model of early behavior. We daily observed fish from day-0 (embryo, first life interval after hatching) to day-30 feeding larva for preference of bright habitat and cover, swimming distance above the bottom, up- and down-stream movement, and diel activity. Hatchling to day-12 embryos and days 13-24 larvae were similar for ontogenetic behavior, i.e., neither initiated a dispersal migration, both swam within 15 cm of the bottom, both preferred bright habitat, and neither strongly preferred cover or open habitat. Embryos and larvae were weakly active day and night. Days 72-76 juveniles had a weak nocturnal downstream migration, indicating wild juveniles disperse from a spawning site. In other sturgeon species yet studied representing three genera on three continents, Dabry's sturgeon is the first that does not disperse as an embryo or larva. Development of Dabry's sturgeon is slow, requiring more cumulative temperature degree days per millimeter of larvae TL than is required for other sturgeons to develop into larvae. Thus, a dispersal migration that diverts energy from development may not be adaptive. The available information suggests the initial dispersal of early life intervals is likely done by females, which spawn in a dispersed spawning style, not the usual aggregated spawning style. Juvenile migrants had a black body and tail with a light line along the lateral scutes. The color of juvenile migrants shows that a dark body and tail is characteristic of Acipenser that migrate downstream as larvae or juveniles. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jinzhou 434000, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RI Wei, Qiwei/B-6928-2014 OI Wei, Qiwei/0000-0002-6366-1020 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1023/A:1023238117045 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 665QX UT WOS:000182133100005 ER PT J AU Zhuang, P Kynard, B Zhang, LZ Zhang, T Cao, WX AF Zhuang, P Kynard, B Zhang, LZ Zhang, T Cao, WX TI Comparative ontogenetic behavior and migration of kaluga, Huso dauricus, and Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii, from the Amur River SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE habitat; early life history; sturgeon biogeography; Acipenseriformes ID SHORTNOSE STURGEON; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; SIBERIAN STURGEON; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY COLOR; BREVIROSTRUM AB We conducted laboratory experiments with kaluga, Huso dauricus, and Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii, to develop a conceptual model of early behavior. We daily observed embryos (first life phase after hatching) and larvae (period initiating exogenous feeding) to day-30 (late larvae) for preference of bright habitat and cover, swimming distance above the bottom, up- and downstream movement, and diel activity. Day-0 embryos of both species strongly preferred bright, open habitat and initiated a strong, downstream migration that lasted 4 days (3 day peak) for kaluga and 3 days (2 day peak) for Amur sturgeon. Kaluga migrants swam far above the bottom (150 cm) on only 1 day and moved day and night; Amur sturgeon migrants swam far above the bottom (median 130 cm) during 3 days and were more nocturnal than kaluga. Post-migrant embryos of both species moved day and night, but Amur sturgeon used dark, cover habitat and swam closer to the bottom than kaluga. The larva period of both species began on day 7 (cumulative temperature degree-days, 192.0 for kaluga and 171.5 for Amur sturgeon). Larvae of both species preferred open habitat. Kaluga larvae strongly preferred bright habitat, initially swam far above the bottom (median 50-105 cm), and migrated downstream at night during days 10-16 (7-day migration). Amur sturgeon larvae strongly avoided illumination, had a mixed response to white substrate, swam 20-30 cm above the bottom during most days, and during days 12-34 (most of the larva period) moved downstream mostly at night (23-day migration). The embryo-larva migration style of the two species likely shows convergence of non-related species for a common style in response to environmental selection in the Amur River. The embryo-larva migration style of Amur sturgeon is unique among Acipenser yet studied. C1 Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, E China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jinzhou 434000, Hubei, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Zhuang, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, E China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, 300 Jun Gong Rd, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1023/A:1023224501116 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 665QX UT WOS:000182133100006 ER PT J AU Kolker, A Orem, W Lechler, P AF Kolker, A Orem, W Lechler, P TI Introduction to mercury - Special issue SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Bureau Mines & Geol, Reno, NV USA. RP Kolker, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Team, 956 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 245 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0621-0 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800001 ER PT J AU Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Agee, JL Bouse, RM Jaffe, BE AF Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Agee, JL Bouse, RM Jaffe, BE TI Microbial cycling of mercury in contaminated pelagic and wetland sediments of San Pablo Bay, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE demethylation; estuary; mercury; methylation; wetland ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FRANCISCO BAY; SULFATE REDUCTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHYLMERCURY; METHYLATION; DEGRADATION; RATES; EVERGLADES; CHLORIDE AB San Pablo Bay is an estuary, within northern San Francisco Bay, containing elevated sediment mercury (Hg) levels because of historic loading of hydraulic mining debris during the California gold-rush of the late 18005. A preliminary investigation of benthic microbial Hg cycling was conducted in surface sediment (0-4, cm) collected from one salt-marsh and three open-water sites. A deeper profile (0-26 cm) was evaluated at one of the open-water locations. Radiolabeled model Hg-compounds were used to measure rates of both methylmercury (MeHg) production and degradation by bacteria. While all sites and depths had similar total-Hg concentrations (0.3-0.6 ppm), and geochemical signatures of mining debris (as epsilonNd, range: -3.08 to -4.37), in-situ MeHg was highest in the marsh (5.4 +/-3.5 ppb) and less than or equal to 0.7 ppb in all open-water sites. Microbial MeHg production (potential rate) in 0-4 surface sediments was also highest in the marsh (3.1 ng g(-1) wet sediment day) and below detection (<0.06 ng g(-1) wet sediment day(-1)) in open-water locations. The marsh exhibited a methylation/demethylation (M/D) ratio more than 25x that of all open-water locations. Only below the surface 0-4-cm horizon was significant MeHg production potential evident in the open-water sediment profile (0.2-1.1 ng g(-1) wet sediment day(-1)). In-situ Hg methylation rates; calculated from radiotracer rate constants, and in-situ inorganic Hg(II) concentrations compared well with potential rates. However, similarly calculated in-situ rates of MeHg degradation were much lower than potential rates. These preliminary data indicate that wetlands surrounding San Pablo Bay represent important zones of MeHg production, more so than similarly Hg-contaminated adjacent open-water areas. This has significant implications for this and other Hg-impacted systems, where wetland expansion is currently planned. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Marvin-DiPasquale, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920 NR 40 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 260 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0623-y PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800003 ER PT J AU Varekamp, JC Kreulen, B ten Brink, MRB Mecray, EL AF Varekamp, JC Kreulen, B ten Brink, MRB Mecray, EL TI Mercury contamination chronologies from Connecticut wetlands and Long Island Sound sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE coastal; Long Island Sound; mercury; USA; wetlands ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; REMOTE AREAS; TRACE-METALS; SALT-MARSH; DEPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; TRANSPORT; QUEBEC; RATES; PEAT AB Sediment cores were used to investigate the mercury deposition histories of Connecticut and Long Island Sound. Most cores show background (pre-1800s) concentrations (50-100 ppb Hg) below 30-50 cm depth, strong enrichments up to 500 ppb Hg in the core tops, with lower Hg concentrations in the surface sediments (200-300 ppb Hg). A sediment core from the Housatonic River has peak levels of 1,500 ppb Hg, indicating the presence of a Hg point source in this watershed. The Hg records were translated into Hg contamination chronologies through Pb-210 dating. The onset of Hg contamination occurred in similar to1840-1850 in eastern Connecticut, whereas in the Housatonic River the onset is dated at around 1820. The mercury accumulation profiles show periods of peak contamination at around 1900 and at 1950-1970. Peak Hg* (Hg* = Hg measured minus Hg background) accumulation rates in the salt marshes vary; dependent on the sediment character, between 8 and 44 ng Hg/cm(2) per year, whereas modern Hg* accumulation rates range from 4-17 ng Hg/cm(2) per year; time-averaged Hg* accumulation rates are 15 ng Hg/cm(2) per year. These Hg* accumulation rates in sediments are higher than the observed Hg atmospheric deposition rates (about 1-2 ng Hg/cm(2) per year), indicating that contaminant Hg from the watershed is focused into the coastal zone. The Long Island Sound cores show similar Hg profiles as the marsh cores, but time-averaged Hg* accumulation rates are higher than in the marshes (26 ng Hg/cm(2) a year) because of-the different sediment characteristics. In-situ atmospheric deposition of Hg in the marshes and in Long Island Sound is only a minor component of the total Hg budget. The 1900 peak of Hg contamination is most likely related to climatic factors (the wet period of the early 1900s) and the 1950-1970 peak was caused by strong anthropogenic Hg emissions at that time. Spatial trends in total Hg burdens in cores are largely related to sedimentary parameters (amount of clay) except for the high inventories of the Housatonic River, which are related to Hg releases from hat-making in the town of Danbury. Much of the contaminated sediment transport in the Housatonic River Basin occurs during floods; creating distinct layers of Hg-contaminated sediment in western Long Island Sound. The drop of about 40% in Hg accumulation rates between the 1960s and 1990s seems largely the result of reduced Hg emissions and to a much lesser extent of climatic factors. C1 Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. US Geol Survey, Northeast Sect, Coastal & Marine Geol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Varekamp, JC (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 265 Church St, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 268 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0624-x PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800004 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Greaves, IA Bustos, DM Krabbenhoft, DP AF Gray, JE Greaves, IA Bustos, DM Krabbenhoft, DP TI Mercury and methylmercury contents in mine-waste calcine, water, and sediment collected from the Palawan Quicksilver Mine, Philippines SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE mercury; methylmercury; mine wastes; Philippines ID COLD-VAPOR; FISH AB The Palawan Quicksilver mine, Philippines, produced about 2,900 t of mercury during mining of cinnabar ore from 1953 to 1976. More than 2,000;000 t of mine-waste calcines (retorted ore) were produced during mining, much of which were used to construct a jetty in nearby Honda Bay. Since 1995; high Hg contents have been found in several people living near the mine, and 21 of these people were treated for mercury poisoning. Samples of mine-waste calcine contain high total Hg concentrations ranging from 43-660 mug/g, whereas total Hg concentrations in sediment samples collected from a mine pit lake and local stream vary from 3.7-400 mug/g. Mine water flowing through the calcines is acidic, pH 3.1-4.3, and total Hg concentrations ranging from 18-31 mug/l in this water significantly exceed the 1.0-mug/l drinking water standard for Hg recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Total Hg contents are generally lower in water samples collected from surrounding domestic wells, the mine pit lake, Honda Bay, and the nearby stream, varying from 0.008-1.4 mug/l. Methylmercury concentrations in water draining mine calcines range from <0.02-1.4 ng/l, but methylmercury is highest in the pit lake water, ranging from 1.7-3.1 ng/l. Mercury methylation at the Palawan mine is similar to or higher than that found in other mercury mines worldwide. Much of the methylmercury. generated in Palawan mine-waste calcines and those in Honda Bay is transferred to water, and then to marine fish and seafood. A food source pathway of Hg to humans is most likely in this coastal, high fish-consuming population. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines Dept Hlth, Muntinlupa 1770, Philippines. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0626-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800006 ER PT J AU Rytuba, JJ AF Rytuba, JJ TI Mercury from mineral deposits and potential environmental impact SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE environmental impact; mercury; mining ID SPAIN; SPECIATION; DISTRICT AB Mercury deposits are globally distributed in 26 mercury mineral belts. Three types of mercury deposits occur in these belts: silica-carbonate, hot-spring, and Almaden. Mercury is also produced as a by-product from several types of gold-silver and massive sulfide deposits, which account for 5% of the world's production. Other types of mineral deposits can be enriched in mercury and mercury phases present are dependent on deposit type. During processing of mercury ores, secondary mercury phases form and accumulate in mine wastes. These phases are more soluble than cinnabar, the primary ore mineral, and cause mercury deposits to impact the environment more so than other types of ore deposits enriched in mercury. Release and transport of mercury from mine wastes occur primarily as mercury-enriched particles and colloids. Production from mercury deposits has decreased because of environmental concerns, but by-product production from other mercury-enriched mineral deposits remains important. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rytuba, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 50 TC 107 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 326 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0629-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800009 ER PT J AU Gustin, MS Coolbaugh, MF Engle, MA Fitzgerald, BC Keislar, RE Lindberg, SE Nacht, DM Quashnick, J Rytuba, JJ Sladek, C Zhang, H Zehner, RE AF Gustin, MS Coolbaugh, MF Engle, MA Fitzgerald, BC Keislar, RE Lindberg, SE Nacht, DM Quashnick, J Rytuba, JJ Sladek, C Zhang, H Zehner, RE TI Atmospheric mercury emissions from mine wastes and surrounding geologically enriched terrains SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE mercury; mercury volatilization; mine waste; naturally enriched substrate ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; SOILS; VAPOR; EXCHANGE; NEVADA; TRANSFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; CHAMBER; FLUXES; TESTS AB Waste rock and ore associated with Hg, precious and base metal mining, and their surrounding host rocks are typically enriched in mercury relative to natural background concentrations (<0.1 mug Hg g(-1)). Mercury fluxes to the atmosphere from mineralized areas can range from background rates (0-15 ng m(-2) h(-1)) to tens of thousands of ng m(-2) h(-1). Mercury enriched substrate constitutes a long-term source of mercury to the global atmospheric mercury pool. Mercury emissions from substrate are influenced by light, temperature, precipitation, and substrate mercury concentration, and occur during the day and night. Light-enhanced emissions are driven by two processes: desorption of elemental mercury accumulated at the soil:air interface, and photo reduction of mercury containing phases. To determine the need for and effectiveness of regulatory controls on short-lived anthropogenic point sources the contribution of mercury from geologic non-point sources to the atmospheric mercury pool needs to be quantified. The atmospheric mercury contribution from small areas of mining disturbance with relatively high mercury concentrations are, in general, less than that from surrounding large areas of low levels of mercury enrichment. In the arid to semi-arid western United States volatilization is the primary means by which mercury is released from enriched sites. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gustin, MS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, MS 370,1664 N Virginia Ave, Reno, NV 89557 USA. OI Engle, Mark/0000-0001-5258-7374 NR 48 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0630-z PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800010 ER PT J AU Abbott, ML Susong, DD Olson, M Krabbenhoft, DP AF Abbott, ML Susong, DD Olson, M Krabbenhoft, DP TI Mercury in soil near a long-term air emission source in southeastern Idaho SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE mercury; soil; deposition; re-emission; Idaho AB At the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in southeastern Idaho, a 500 degreesC fluidized bed calciner was intermittently operated for 37 years, with measured Hg emission rates of 9-11 g/h. Surface soil was sampled at 57 locations around the facility to determine the spatial distribution of Hg fallout and surface Hg variability, and to predict the total residual Hg mass in the soil from historical emissions. Measured soil concentrations were slightly higher (p<0.05) within 5 km of the source but were overall very low (15-20 ng/g) compared to background Hg levels published for similar soils in the USA (50-70 ng/g). Concentrations decreased 4%/cm with depth and were found to be twice as high under shrubs and in depressions. Mass balance calculations accounted for only 2.5-20% of the estimated total Hg emitted over the 37-year calciner operating history. These results suggest that much of the Hg deposited from calciner operations may have been reduced in the soil and re-emitted as Hg(0) to the global atmospheric pool. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US Geol Survey, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Abbott, ML (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0631-y PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800011 ER PT J AU Susong, DD Abbott, ML Krabbenhoft, DP AF Susong, DD Abbott, ML Krabbenhoft, DP TI Mercury accumulation in snow on the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and surrounding region, Southeast Idaho, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA SP Geol Soc Amer DE mercury; snow; Idaho ID WET DEPOSITION; PRECIPITATION; LAKE; PATTERNS AB Snow was sampled and analyzed for total mercury (THg) on the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and surrounding region prior to the start-up of a large (9-11 g/h) gaseous mercury emission source. The objective was to determine the effects of the source on local and regional atmospheric deposition of mercury. Snow samples collected from 48 points on a polar grid near the source had THg concentrations that ranged from 4.71 to 27.26 ng/L; snow collected from regional background sites had THg concentrations that ranged from 0.89 to 16.61 ng/L. Grid samples had higher concentrations than the regional background sites, which was unexpected because the source was not operating yet. Emission of Hg from soils is a possible source of Hg in snow on the INEEL. Evidence from Hg profiles in snow and from unfiltered/filtered split samples supports this hypothesis. Ongoing work on the INEEL is investigating Hg fluxes from soils and snow. C1 US Geol Survey, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Susong, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2329 W Orton Circle, W Valley City, UT 84119 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 357 EP 363 DI 10.1007/s00254-002-0632-x PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 643LM UT WOS:000180862800012 ER PT J AU Papoulias, DM Villalobos, SA Meadows, J Noltie, DB Giesy, JP Tillitt, DE AF Papoulias, DM Villalobos, SA Meadows, J Noltie, DB Giesy, JP Tillitt, DE TI In ovo exposure to o,p '-DDE affects sexual development but not sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE egg injection; medaka; o,p '-DDE; sexual development; sexual differentiation; xenoestrogen ID MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; MATERNAL TRANSFER; MAMMALIAN UTERUS; RECEPTOR; BINDING; FISH AB Despite being banned in many countries, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) continue to be found in fish tissues at concentrations of concern. Like o,p '-DDT, o,p'-DDE is estrogenic and is believed to exert its effects through binding to the estrogen receptor. The limited toxicologic data for o,p'-DDE suggest that it decreases fecundity and fertility of fishes. We conducted an egg injection study using the d-rR strain of medaka and environmentally relevant concentrations of o,p'-DDE to examine its effects on sexual differentiation and development. The gonads of exposed fish showed no evidence of sex reversal or intersex. However, other gonad abnormalities occurred in exposed individuals. Females exhibited few vitellogenic oocytes and increased atresia. Male testes appeared morphologically normal but were very small. Gonadosomatic index values for both sexes were lower for exposed fish. Our observations of abnormal female and very small male gonads after in ovo o,p'-DDE exposure may be indicative of effects on early endocrine processes important for normal ovarian and testicular development. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Columbia, MO USA. Syngenta Inc, Greensboro, NC USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Papoulias, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM Diana_Papoulias@usgs.gov NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1289/ehp.5540 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600023 PM 12515675 ER PT J AU Covington, JS Hubert, WA AF Covington, JS Hubert, WA TI Trout population responses to restoration of stream flows SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE stream habitat; river restoration; stream flow; spatial variability; remote sensing; trout ID SALMO-TRUTTA; HABITAT AB There are numerous demands for the limited water supplies in the Rocky Mountain (USA) region, and controversies surrounding instream flows abound. A specific problem involves water diversions (i.e., small dams that shunt water out of stream channels) during the summer irrigation season. We developed an approach to assess the effects of restoration of natural or less-than-natural summer flows on trout that accounts for variation in habitat over long segments of low-gradient, alluvial-valley streams. The approach has utility for managers because it can be conducted with hydologic data, aerial photographs, topographic maps, and a spreadsheet without extensive fieldwork. We applied the approach by assessing the effects of different summer flows on abundance of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in several streams annually dewatered in the Salt River Valley of western Wyoming. The assessment approach can be calibrated for other trout species and areas of the Rocky Mountain region. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 135 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2751-2 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 625CA UT WOS:000179798300011 PM 12447581 ER PT J AU McKenna, JE AF McKenna, JE TI An enhanced cluster analysis program with bootstrap significance testing for ecological community analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE classification; grouping; multivariate; cluster analysis; bootstrap test; fish assemblage; bird assemblage; replication AB The biosphere is filled with complex living patterns and important questions about biodiversity and community and ecosystem ecology are concerned with structure and function of multispecies systems that are responsible for those patterns. Cluster analysis identifies discrete groups within multivariate data and is an effective method of coping with these complexities, but often suffers from subjective identification of groups. The bootstrap testing method greatly improves objective significance determination for cluster analysis. The BOOTCLUS program makes cluster analysis that reliably identifies real patterns within a data set more accessible and easier to use than previously available programs. A variety of analysis options and rapid re-analysis provide a means to quickly evaluate several aspects of a data set. Interpretation is influenced by sampling design and a priori designation of samples into replicate groups, and ultimately relies on the researcher's knowledge of the organisms and their environment. However, the BOOTCLUS program provides reliable, objectively determined groupings of multivariate data. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP McKenna, JE (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 2075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 54 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S1364-8152(02)00094-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652PQ UT WOS:000181387900002 ER PT J AU Brakebill, JW Preston, SD AF Brakebill, JW Preston, SD TI A hydrologic network supporting spatially referenced regression modeling in the Chesapeake Bay watershed SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE SPARROW; Chesapeake Bay; nutrients; loads; regression modeling; reach; stream; RF1; DEM AB The U. S. Geological Survey has developed a methodology for statistically relating nutrient sources and land-surface characteristics to nutrient loads of streams. The methodology is referred to as SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes ( SPARROW), and relates measured stream nutrient loads to nutrient sources using nonlinear statistical regression models. A spatially detailed digital hydrologic network of stream reaches, stream-reach characteristics such as mean streamflow, water velocity, reach length, and travel time, and their associated watersheds supports the regression models. This network serves as the primary framework for spatially referencing potential nutrient source information such as atmospheric deposition, septic systems, pointsources, land use, land cover, and agricultural sources and land-surface characteristics such as land use, land cover, average-annual precipitation and temperature, slope, and soil permeability. In the Chesapeake Bay watershed that covers parts of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington D. C., SPARROW was used to generate models estimating loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus representing 1987 and 1992 land-surface conditions. The 1987 models used a hydrologic network derived from an enhanced version of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's digital River Reach File, and course resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). A new hydrologic network was created to support the 1992 models by generating stream reaches representing surface-water pathways defined by flow direction and flow accumulation algorithms from higher resolution DEMs. On a reach-by-reach basis, stream reach characteristics essential to the modeling were transferred to the newly generated pathways or reaches from the enhanced River Reach File used to support the 1987 models. To complete the new network, watersheds for each reach were generated using the direction of surface-water flow derived from the DEMs. This network improves upon existing digital stream data by increasing the level of spatial detail and providing consistency between the reach locations and topography. The hydrologic network also aids in illustrating the spatial patterns of predicted nutrient loads and sources contributed locally to each stream, and the percentages of nutrient load that reach Chesapeake Bay. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. US Geol Survey, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Brakebill, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1023/A:1021356420864 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300009 PM 12620006 ER PT J AU Conrads, PA Martello, WP Sullins, NR AF Conrads, PA Martello, WP Sullins, NR TI Living with a large reduction in permited loading by using a hydrograph-controlled release scheme SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE Total Maximum Daily Load; hydrograph-controlled release; water-quality model; real-time data monitoring; variable loading; Pee Dee River; Waccamaw River; Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway AB The Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for ammonia and biochemical oxygen demand for the Pee Dee, Waccamaw, and Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway system near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, mandated a 60-percent reduction in point-source loading. For waters with a naturally low background dissolved-oxygen concentrations, South Carolina anti-degradation rules in the water-quality regulations allows a permitted discharger a reduction of dissolved oxygen of 0.1 milligrams per liter (mg/L). This is known as the "0.1 rule." Permitted dischargers within this region of the State operate under the "0.1 rule" and cannot cause a cumulative impact greater than 0.1 mg/L on dissolved-oxygen concentrations. For municipal water-reclamation facilities to serve the rapidly growing resort and retirement community near Myrtle Beach, a variable loading scheme was developed to allow dischargers to utilize increased assimilative capacity during higher streamflow conditions while still meeting the requirements of a recently established TMDL. As part of the TMDL development, an extensive real-time data-collection network was established in the lower Waccamaw and Pee Dee River watershed where continuous measurements of streamflow, water level, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and specific conductance are collected. In addition, the dynamic BRANCH/BLTM models were calibrated and validated to simulate the water quality and tidal dynamics of the system. The assimilative capacities for various streamflows were also analyzed. The variable-loading scheme established total loadings for three streamflow levels. Model simulations show the results from the additional loading to be less than a 0.1 mg/L reduction in dissolved oxygen. As part of the loading scheme, the real-time network was redesigned to monitor streamflow entering the study area and water-quality conditions in the location of dissolved-oxygen "sags." The study reveals how one group of permit holders used a variable-loading scheme to implement restrictive permit limits without experiencing prohibitive capital expenditures or initiating a lengthy appeals process. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. Jordan Jones & Goulding, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Conrads, PA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1023/A:1021316705843 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300011 PM 12620008 ER PT J AU Steyer, GD Sasser, CE Visser, JM Swenson, EM Nyman, JA Raynie, RC AF Steyer, GD Sasser, CE Visser, JM Swenson, EM Nyman, JA Raynie, RC TI A proposed coast-wide reference monitoring system for evaluating wetland restoration trajectories in Louisiana SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE monitoring; wetland restoration; Louisiana; reference; HGM ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; POPULATIONS; BACI AB Wetland restoration efforts conducted in Louisiana under the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act require monitoring the effectiveness of individual projects as well as monitoring the cumulative effects of all projects in restoring, creating, enhancing, and protecting the coastal landscape. The effectiveness of the traditional paired-reference monitoring approach in Louisiana has been limited because of difficulty in finding comparable reference sites. A multiple reference approach is proposed that uses aspects of hydrogeomorphic functional assessments and probabilistic sampling. This approach includes a suite of sites that encompass the range of ecological condition for each stratum, with projects placed on a continuum of conditions found for that stratum. Trajectories in reference sites through time are then compared with project trajectories through time. Plant community zonation complicated selection of indicators, strata, and sample size. The approach proposed could serve as a model for evaluating wetland ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Dept Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Steyer, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RI Nyman, John/D-3903-2009 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1023/A:1021368722681 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300012 PM 12620009 ER PT J AU Hale, SS Miglarese, AH Bradley, MP Belton, TJ Cooper, LD Frame, MT Friel, CA Harwell, LM King, RE Michener, WK Nicolson, DT Peterjohn, BG AF Hale, SS Miglarese, AH Bradley, MP Belton, TJ Cooper, LD Frame, MT Friel, CA Harwell, LM King, RE Michener, WK Nicolson, DT Peterjohn, BG TI Managing troubled data: Coastal data partnerships smooth data integration SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE coastal monitoring; coastal databases; information management; data partnerships; data integration ID ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH; INFORMATION; NETWORK; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB Understanding the ecology, condition, and changes of coastal areas requires data from many sources. Broad-scale and long-term ecological questions, such as global climate change, biodiversity, and cumulative impacts of human activities, must be addressed with databases that integrate data from several different research and monitoring programs. Various barriers, including widely differing data formats, codes, directories, systems, and metadata used by individual programs, make such integration troublesome. Coastal data partnerships, by helping overcome technical, social, and organizational barriers, can lead to a better understanding of environmental issues, and may enable better management decisions. Characteristics of successful data partnerships include a common need for shared data, strong collaborative leadership, committed partners willing to invest in the partnership, and clear agreements on data standards and data policy. Emerging data and metadata standards that become widely accepted are crucial. New information technology is making it easier to exchange and integrate data. Data partnerships allow us to create broader databases than would be possible for any one organization to create by itself. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. US EPA, Mid Atlantic Integrated Assessment, Ft George G Meade, MD USA. NJ Dept Environm Protect, Trenton, NJ USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US EPA, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. US Geol Survey, Laurel, MD USA. RP Hale, SS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1023/A:1021372923589 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300014 PM 12620011 ER PT J AU Hallock, P Lidz, BH Cockey-Burkhard, EM Donnelly, KB AF Hallock, P Lidz, BH Cockey-Burkhard, EM Donnelly, KB TI Foraminifera as bioindicators in coral reef assessment and monitoring: The FORAM Index SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE bioindicators; coral reefs; Foraminifera; zooxanthellae; algal symbiosis ID KEY-LARGO; FLORIDA; ASSEMBLAGES; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEMS; POPULATION; RESPONSES; POLLUTION; COMMUNITY; RADIATION AB Coral reef communities are threatened worldwide. Resource managers urgently need indicators of the biological condition of reef environments that can relate data acquired through remote-sensing, water-quality and benthic-community monitoring to stress responses in reef organisms. The "FORAM" (Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring) Index (FI) is based on 30 years of research on reef sediments and reef-dwelling larger foraminifers. These shelled protists are ideal indicator organisms because: . Foraminifers are widely used as environmental and paleoenvironmental indicators in many contexts; . Reef-building, zooxanthellate corals and foraminifers with algal symbionts have similar water-quality requirements; . The relatively short life spans of foraminifers as compared with long-lived colonial corals facilitate differentiation between long-term water-quality decline and episodic stress events; . Foraminifers are relatively small and abundant, permitting statistically significant sample sizes to be collected quickly and relatively inexpensively, ideally as a component of comprehensive monitoring programs; and . Collection of foraminifers has minimal impact on reef resources. USEPA guidelines for ecological indicators are used to evaluate the FI. Data required are foraminiferal assemblages from surface sediments of reef-associated environments. The FI provides resource managers with a simple procedure for determining the suitability of benthic environments for communities dominated by algal symbiotic organisms. The FI can be applied independently, or incorporated into existing or planned monitoring efforts. The simple calculations require limited computer capabilities and therefore can be applied readily to reef-associated environments worldwide. In addition, the foraminiferal shells collected can be subjected to morphometric and geochemical analyses in areas of suspected heavy-metal pollution, and the data sets for the index can be used with other monitoring data in detailed multidimensional assessments. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Minerals Management Serv, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hallock, P (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 50 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 39 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1023/A:1021337310386 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300021 PM 12620018 ER PT J AU Raposa, KB Roman, CT Heltshe, JF AF Raposa, KB Roman, CT Heltshe, JF TI Monitoring nekton as a bioindicator in shallow estuarine habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE nekton; monitoring; throw trap; salt marsh; eelgrass; habitat value ID ZOSTERA-MARINA MEADOWS; WAQUOIT BAY ESTUARIES; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISH COMMUNITIES; SAMPLING CHARACTERISTICS; STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AB Long-term monitoring of estuarine nekton has many practical and ecological benefits but efforts are hampered by a lack of standardized sampling procedures. This study provides a rationale for monitoring nekton in shallow (< 1 m), temperate, estuarine habitats and addresses some important issues that arise when developing monitoring protocols. Sampling in seagrass and salt marsh habitats is emphasized due to the susceptibility of each habitat to anthropogenic stress and to the abundant and rich nekton assemblages that each habitat supports. Extensive sampling with quantitative enclosure traps that estimate nekton density is suggested. These gears have a high capture efficiency in most habitats and are small enough (e.g., 1 m(2)) to permit sampling in specific microhabitats. Other aspects of nekton monitoring are discussed, including spatial and temporal sampling considerations, station selection, sample size estimation, and data collection and analysis. Developing and initiating long-term nekton monitoring programs will help evaluate natural and human-induced changes in estuarine nekton over time and advance our understanding of the interactions between nekton and the dynamic estuarine environment. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Comp Sci & Stat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Raposa, KB (reprint author), Narragansett Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Prudence Isl, RI 02872 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1023/A:1021389327224 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300022 PM 12620019 ER PT J AU Olyphant, GA Thomas, J Whitman, RL Harper, D AF Olyphant, GA Thomas, J Whitman, RL Harper, D TI Characterization and statistical modeling of bacterial (Escherichia coli) outflows from watersheds that discharge into southern Lake Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE E. coli bacteria; storm-period monitoring; statistical forecasting equations ID CONTAMINATION; INDICATORS AB Two watersheds in northwestern Indiana were selected for detailed monitoring of bacterially contaminated discharges ( Escherichia coli) into Lake Michigan. A large watershed that drains an urbanized area with treatment plants that release raw sewage during storms discharges into Lake Michigan at the outlet of Burns Ditch. A small watershed drains part of the Great Marsh, a wetland complex that has been disrupted by ditching and limited residential development, at the outlet of Derby Ditch. Monitoring at the outlet of Burns Ditch in 1999 and 2000 indicated that E. coli concentrations vary over two orders of magnitude during storms. During one storm, sewage overflows caused concentrations to increase to more than 10,000 cfu/100 mL for several hours. Monitoring at Derby Ditch from 1997 to 2000 also indicated that E. coli concentrations increase during storms with the highest concentrations generally occurring during rising streamflow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 60% of the variability in measured outflows of E. coli from Derby Ditch (n = 88) could be accounted for by a model that utilizes continuously measured rainfall, stream discharge, soil temperature and depth to water table in the Great Marsh. A similar analysis indicated that 90% of the variability in measured E. coli concentrations at the outlet of Burns Ditch ( n = 43) during storms could be accounted for by a combination of continuously measured water-quality variables including nitrate and ammonium. These models, which utilize data that can be collected on a real-time basis, could form part of an Early Warning System for predicting beach closures. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN USA. Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Olyphant, GA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1023/A:1021345512203 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300025 PM 12620022 ER PT J AU Williams, DJ Rybicki, NB Lombana, AV O'Brien, TM Gomez, RB AF Williams, DJ Rybicki, NB Lombana, AV O'Brien, TM Gomez, RB TI Preliminary investigation of submerged aquatic vegetation mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coastal Monitoring Through Parterships CY 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US EPA, Off Res & Dev EMAP DE submerged aquatic vegetation; remote sensing; hyperspectral; species mapping; estuarine ecosystems; epiphyte; reflectance spectroscopy; computational techniques ID REFLECTANCE AB The use of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing imagery for automated mapping of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the tidal Potomac River was investigated for near to realtime resource assessment and monitoring. Airborne hyperspectral imagery and field spectrometer measurements were obtained in October of 2000. A spectral library database containing selected ground-based and airborne sensor spectra was developed for use in image processing. The spectral library is used to automate the processing of hyperspectral imagery for potential real-time material identification and mapping. Field based spectra were compared to the airborne imagery using the database to identify and map two species of SAV ( Myriophyllum spicatum and Vallisneria americana). Overall accuracy of the vegetation maps derived from hyperspectral imagery was determined by comparison to a product that combined aerial photography and field based sampling at the end of the SAV growing season. The algorithms and databases developed in this study will be useful with the current and forthcoming space-based hyperspectral remote sensing systems. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Branch, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Div Water Resources, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Environm Concern Inc, St Michaels, MD 21663 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Williams, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Branch, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,555 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-3 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1023/A:1021318217654 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 620XY UT WOS:000179560300033 PM 12620030 ER PT J AU Kampbell, DH An, YJ Jewell, KP Masoner, JR AF Kampbell, DH An, YJ Jewell, KP Masoner, JR TI Groundwater quality surrounding Lake Texoma during short-term drought conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE groundwater; well; water quality; drought; stressor; nitrate ID UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; PESTICIDES AB Water quality data from 55 monitoring wells during drought conditions surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, was compared to assess the influence of drought on groundwater quality. During the drought month of October, water table levels were three feet (0.9 m) lower compared with several months earlier under predrought climate conditions. Detection frequencies of nitrate (> 0.1 mg/l), orthophosphates (> 0.1 mg/l), chlorides (> CL), and sulfates (> MCL) all increased during drought. Orthophosphate level was higher during drought. Largest increases in concentration were nitrate under both agriculture lands and in septic tank areas. An increase in ammonium-nitrogen was only detected in the septic tank area. The study showed that stressors such as nitrate and total salts could potentially become a health or environmental problem during drought. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Oklahoma City, OK 73116 USA. RP Kampbell, DH (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00072-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ZJ UT WOS:000184254900006 PM 12810312 ER PT J AU Craig, JM Klerks, PL Heimann, K Waits, JL AF Craig, JM Klerks, PL Heimann, K Waits, JL TI Effects of salinity, pH and temperature on the re-establishment of bioluminescence and copper or SDS toxicity in the marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula using bioluminescence as an endpoint SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pyrocystis lunula; bioluminescence; toxicity-testing; copper; SDS; temperature; salinity; pH ID HEDISTE NEREIS DIVERSICOLOR; DEPENDENT TOXICITY; GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; METAL TOXICITY; LUCIFERASE; ALGAE AB Pyrocystis lunula is a unicellular, marine, photoautotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate. This organism is used in the Lumitox((R)) bioassay with inhibition of bioluminescence re-establishment as the endpoint. Experiments determined if acute changes in pH, salinity, or temperature had an effect on the organisms' ability to re-establish bioluminescence, or on the bioassay's potential to detect sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and copper toxicity. The re-establishment of bioluminescence itself was not very sensitive to changes in pH within the pH 6-10 range, though reducing pH from 8 to levels below 6 decreased this capacity. Increasing the pH had little effect on Cu or SDS toxicity, but decreasing the pH below 7 virtually eliminated the toxicity of either compound in the bioassay. Lowering the salinity from 33 to 27parts per thousand or less resulted in a substantial decrease in re-establishment of bioluminescence, while increasing the salinity to 43 or 48 parts per thousand resulted in a small decline. Salinity had little influence on the bioassay's quantification of Cu toxicity, while the data showed a weak negative relationship between SDS toxicity and salinity. Re-establishment of bioluminescence showed a direct dependence on temperature, but only at 10 degreesC did temperature have an obvious effect on the toxicity of Cu. in this bioassay. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Craig, JM (reprint author), USGS, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RI Heimann, Kirsten/C-4539-2012; Klerks, Paul/B-6135-2011; Heimann, Kirsten/N-1512-2013 OI Klerks, Paul/0000-0001-9895-5144; Heimann, Kirsten/0000-0003-2691-9659 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 2 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00059-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702ZJ UT WOS:000184254900014 PM 12810320 ER PT J AU Mora, MA AF Mora, MA TI Heavy metals and metalloids in egg contents and eggshells of passerine birds from Arizona SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Arizona; eggs; eggshells; metals; strontium; passerine birds ID STRONTIUM; ECOSYSTEMS; MORTALITY; SELENIUM; GREAT AB Concentrations of inorganic elements were determined in eggs of passerine birds including the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) from four regions in Arizona. The main aim of the study was to determine the distribution of metals in egg contents and eggshells, with emphasis on the deposition of Sr in eggshells. Seventy eggs of 11 passerine species were collected at four nesting locations during 2000. Aluminum, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Se, Sr, and Zn, were detected primarily in egg contents of all bird species. Arsenic. Ni, Pb, and V were detected primarily in eggshells. A proportion of most inorganic elements accumulated in the eggshell. Concentrations of Ba, Cu, Mn, Se, Sr, and Zn in egg contents and As, Ba, Cu, and V in eggshells of yellow-breasted chats (Icteria virens) were similar among locations. However, concentrations of Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn in eggshells were significant different among locations. Except for Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn, concentrations of inorganic elements were 2-35 times greater in eggshells than in eggs. Most concentrations of metals and metalloids in eggs and eggshells of all the bird species were below levels known to affect reproduction or that have other deleterious effects. However, I found somewhat elevated concentrations of Sr in eggshells (highest mean - 1505 mug/g dw, n - 3) of yellow-breasted chats and willow flycatchers, and in egg contents of yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) and song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Whether current observed concentrations of Sr in eggshells are affecting nesting birds in Arizona remains to be determined. Strontium and other metals could be associated with lower hatching success in some areas. This study shows that a proportion of many inorganic elements accumulates in the eggshell and that the potential effects on the proper structure and functioning of the eggshell should not be ignored. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr,TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr,TAMU 2258, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Mora, Miguel/0000-0002-8393-0216 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00108-8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 705DA UT WOS:000184347400011 PM 12826417 ER PT J AU Albers, PH Hoffman, DJ Buscemi, DM Melancon, MJ AF Albers, PH Hoffman, DJ Buscemi, DM Melancon, MJ TI Effects of the mosquito larvicide GB-1111 on red-winged blackbird embryos SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE mosquito larvicide; GB-1111; red-winged blackbird; embryo development; hatching success ID BIRD EGGS; OIL AB Golden Bear Oil (GB-1111, legal trade name for GB-1313) is a petroleum distillate that is used in the United States and other countries as a larvicide for mosquito suppression. As part of a multi-species evaluation of the potential effects of GB-1111 on birds, red-winged blackbird eggs were collected, artificially incubated, and treated with one of five amounts of GB-1111 varying from 0 to 10 times the expected exposure from a spray application of the maximum recommended amount (X=47 1/ha, 5 gal/ac). The application of 10 X caused a significant reduction in hatching success. A dose-related reduction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity (EROD) was detected. Among body weights, skeletal measurements, and age at death, only crownrump length was different among experimental groups. Overall, the potential hazard to embryos of a representative wetland passerine appears minimal until the application rate exceeds 3 X. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Albers, PH (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2003 VL 125 IS 3 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00077-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 705DA UT WOS:000184347400016 PM 12826422 ER PT J AU Little, EE Calfee, RD Fabacher, DL Carey, C Blazer, VS Middleton, EM AF Little, EE Calfee, RD Fabacher, DL Carey, C Blazer, VS Middleton, EM TI Effects of ultraviolet radiation on toad early life stages SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitats; Bufo boreas; Bufo woodhousii; embryo/larval tests; laboratory exposures; photoprotective pigments; photoprotection; survival; ultraviolet radiation; UVB tolerance ID EARTHS SURFACE; BOREAL TOADS; B RADIATION; UV-B; SOLAR; AMPHIBIANS; DECLINES; COLORADO; FISH; SKIN AB Background: Exposure to harmful levels of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB), a component of solar radiation, has been suggested as a potential cause of amphibian declines. Methods: We measured solar radiation (UVB, ultraviolet-A, and visible) wavebands in breeding ponds of Bufo boreas (boreal toad, a montane species that has undergone severe population declines) and Bufo woodhousii (Woodhouse's toad, a plains toad that has not experienced declines) and examined tolerances of these species to simulated solar UVB exposures in the laboratory. Results: We found larvae of both species to be tolerant of simulated solar UVB in excess of solar UVB levels observed in their breeding ponds. B. boreas tadpoles were more tolerant of simulated solar UVB exposure than B. woodhousii tadpoles, possibly because of greater amounts of photoprotective melanin in B. boreas skin. Conclusions: UVB levels observed in B. boreas habitats do not currently appear to constitute a threat to the survival of these animals; however, long-term (>1 month) exposure to UVB levels comparable to levels associated with the water interface appears to reduce survival in B. woodhousii tadpoles. Therefore, future increases in surface and water column UVB radiation in bufonid habitats might pose significant survival risks to B. boreas or B. woodhousii populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1065/espr2002.06.123 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 683TK UT WOS:000183165600006 PM 12846377 ER PT J AU Calfee, RD Little, EE AF Calfee, RD Little, EE TI Effects of a fire-retardant chemical to fathead minnows in experimental streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE experimental streams; fathead minnows; fire-retardant chemicals; sodium ferrocyanide; un-ionized ammonia; UV radiation; weak-acid-dissociable cyanide AB Background. Each year millions of liters of fire-retardant chemicals are applied to wildfires across the nation. Recent laboratory studies with long-term fire-retardant chemicals indicate a significant photoenhanced toxicity of products containing sodium ferrocyanide corrosion inhibitors. Our objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of fire-retardant chemicals to fathead minnows during exposure in experimental outdoor streams. Methods. Stream tests were conducted to determine the potential toxicity of a pulse of exposure as might occur when fire retardant chemical is rinsed from the watershed by rainfall. Two artificial 55-meter experimental streams were dosed with different concentrations of Fire-Trol(R) GTS-R, or uncontaminated for a control. Replicate groups of fathead minnows were added to screened containers (10 fish per container) and exposed to retardant chemicals in the recirculating flow of the stream for up to 6 hours. Results and Discussion. Under field conditions toxicity of GTS-R only occurred in the presence of sunlight. When GTS-R was tested on sunny days, 100% mortality occurred. However, when tested during heavily overcast conditions, no mortality occurred. Conclusions. Lethal concentrations of cyanide were measured when GTS-R with YPS exposures were conducted under sunny conditions, but not under cloudy conditions, indicating that a minimum UV level is necessary to induce toxicity as well as the release of cyanide from YPS. The toxicity observed with GTS-R was likely associated with lethal concentrations of cyanide. Rainwater runoff following applications of this fire-retardant at the recommended rate could result in lethal concentrations in small ponds and streams receiving limited water flow under sunny conditions. Recommendations and Outlook. In addition to avoiding application to aquatic habitats, it is important to consider characteristics of the treated site including soil binding affinity and erosive properties. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1065/espr2003.03.148 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716YJ UT WOS:000185057300006 PM 14535643 ER PT J AU Iko, WM Archuleta, AS Knopf, FL AF Iko, WM Archuleta, AS Knopf, FL TI Plasma cholinesterase levels of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in Central California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mountain plover; pesticides; cholinesterase; body condition; California, USA ID REACTIVATION TECHNIQUES; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; ESTERASE INHIBITION; WILD BIRDS; FIELD USE; EXPOSURE; BRAIN; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; CONTAMINATION; MAMMALS AB Declines of over 60% in mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) populations over the past 30 years have made it a species of concern throughout its current range and a proposed species for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Wintering mountain plovers spend considerable time on freshly plowed agricultural fields where they may potentially be exposed to anticholinesterase pesticides. Because of the population status and wintering ecology of plovers, the objectives of our study were to use nondestructive methods to report baseline plasma cholinesterase (ChE) levels in free-ranging mountain plovers wintering in California, USA, and to assess whether sampled birds showed signs of ChE inhibition related to anticholinesterase chemical exposure.. We compared plasma ChE activity for mountain plovers sampled from the Carrizo Plain (an area relatively free of anticholinesterase pesticide use) with similar measures for plovers from the Central Valley (where anticholinesterase pesticides are widely used). Analyses for ChE inhibition indicated that none of the plovers had been recently exposed to these chemicals. However, mean ChE levels of plovers from the Central Valley were significantly higher (32%) than levels reported for plovers from the Carrizo Plain.. This result differs from our original assumption of higher exposure risk to mountain plovers in the Central Valley but does suggest that some effect is occurring in the ChE activity of mountain plovers wintering in California. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. US Forest Serv, Arapaho & Roosevelt Natl Forests & Pawnee Natl Gr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Iko, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM bill_iko@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0119:PCLOMP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 626PF UT WOS:000179881200015 PM 12503754 ER PT J AU Cancilla, DA Baird, JC Geis, SW Corsi, SR AF Cancilla, DA Baird, JC Geis, SW Corsi, SR TI Studies of the environmental fate and effect of aircraft deicing fluids: Detection of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; 5-methy-1H-benzotriazole; deicing fluid; Pimephales promelas; toxicity ID MITCHELL-INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; FORMULATED GLYCOL DEICERS; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; RUNWAY DEICERS; TOXICITY; MILWAUKEE; WISCONSIN; ETHYLENE; WATER; USA AB This paper presents the results of a number of field and laboratory studies to evaluate the environmental impact of aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluids (ADAFs) on aquatic systems. Both 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5-MeBt) and 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (4-MeBt), known additives to ADAFs, were found in whole-tissue extracts from minnows placed downstream of an effluent outfall that receives ADAF contaminated runoff from General Mitchell International Airport (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Neither of these compounds was detected in tissues from minnows placed upstream from the airport. A toxicity assessment of water collected during the minnow exposure studies utilizing Hyalella azteca, Pimephales promelas, and Ceriodaphnia dubia showed greater toxicity in a secondary airport outfall containing ADAFs when compared to upstream non-ADAF-contaminated samples. In two 28-d static renewal tests using 5-MeBt laboratory-fortified waters, 5-MeBt was detected in whole-tissue extracts of minnows at all concentrations tested. In studies using laboratory water fortified with 5-MeBt, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 5-MeBt for P. promelas was found to be 22.0 mg/L. The LC50 for C. dubia to 5-MeBt laboratory-fortified water was found to be 81.3 mg/L. The 25% inhibition concentration (IC25) of 5-MeBt for the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was 23.2 mg/L, and the average median effective concentration (EC50) for Microtox(R) was 4.25 mg/L. The results of these field and lab studies indicate that additives, other than glycols, used in aircraft deicing fluids can be found in aquatic systems and may be of greater risk than previously believed. C1 Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Cancilla, DA (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Huxley Coll Environm, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 8 U2 44 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0134:SOTEFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 626PF UT WOS:000179881200017 PM 12503756 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, MS Quinn, BP Denslow, ND Holm, SE Gross, TS AF Sepulveda, MS Quinn, BP Denslow, ND Holm, SE Gross, TS TI Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on reproductive success of largemouth bass SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE reproduction; spawning; mill effluents; largemouth bass ID BLEACHED-KRAFT MILL; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI POPULATION; BETA-SITOSTEROL ALTERS; STEROID-LEVELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; MFO ACTIVITY; FISH POPULATIONS; ENDOCRINE STATUS; BROWN TROUT; RESIN ACIDS AB This study evaluated the effects of bleached and unbleached kraft mill effluent on reproductive success of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Bass were exposed to effluent concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for 28 and 56 d. Parameters measured included hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E-2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and vitellogenin (VTG). At the end of the 56-d period, bass were moved to hatchery ponds to evaluate spawning success. Spawning mats with eggs either were brought indoors for evaluation of fecundities, hatchabilities, and egg and fry size (measured at age 3 d), or were left in ponds and fry number and size recorded (average age of 14 d). Effluent exposure was verified by measuring resin acids (isopimaric, abietic, and dehydroabietic acids) in bile. Compared to controls, exposed bass had greater concentrations of resin acids in bile. In general, exposed females had lower concentrations of E-2 and VTG (greater than or equal to20% effluent), whereas males had lower concentrations of 11-KT (greater than or equal to20% effluent) and increased E-2 (greater than or equal to20% effluent). The HSI values increased in females ( greater than or equal to10% effluent), and GSI values decreased in both sexes (greater than or equal to40% effluent). Fecundity, egg size, and hatchability did not differ across treatments, but an increase in the frequency of fry abnormalities and a decrease in fry weights was observed at effluent exposures of 40% and higher. However, results from the pond study, revealed a significant reduction in fry growth and survival (greater than or equal to10%). This decline may have been caused by an increased frequency of deformities, in conjunction with alterations of growth. These changes could have resulted from alterations in egg quality because of failure of parental reproductive systems, from acute embryo toxicity after translocation of contaminants from the mother to the developing embryo, or from both. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, BRD Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Georgia Pacific Corp, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 NR 52 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0205:EOPAPM>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 626PF UT WOS:000179881200027 PM 12503766 ER PT J AU Quinn, BP Booth, MM Delfino, JJ Holm, SE Gross, TS AF Quinn, BP Booth, MM Delfino, JJ Holm, SE Gross, TS TI Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE resin; acid; paper mill effluent ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEHYDROABIETIC ACID; ANAEROBIC SEDIMENTS; TOXICITY; FISH; BIODEGRADATION; BILE; FATE AB Water samples were collected on three dates at 24 sites influenced by effluent from Georgia-Pacific's Palatka Pulp and Paper Mill Operation, a bleached and unbleached kraft mill near Palatka, Florida, USA. The sampling sites were located within the mill retention ponds, Rice Creek, and the St. John's River. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids, all of which are potentially toxic by-products of pulp production. Isopimaric acid concentrations greater than 12 mg/L were measured at the mill's effluent outfall but were less than 20 mug/L at the end of Rice Creek. This result indicates that the waters of Rice Creek provide dilution or conditions conducive for degradation or sorption of these compounds. Large differences in resin acid concentrations were observed between sampling events. In two sampling events, the maximum observed concentrations were less than 2 mg/L for each analyte. In a third sampling event, all of the compounds were detected at concentrations greater than 10 mg/L. Data from the three sample dates showed that resin acid concentrations were below 20 mug/L before the confluence of Rice Creek and the St. John's River in all cases. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Georgia Pacific Corp, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. US Geol Survey, BRD Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Quinn, BP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 214 EP 218 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0214:SRAIEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 626PF UT WOS:000179881200028 PM 12503767 ER PT S AU Melis, TS Topping, DJ Rubin, DM AF Melis, TS Topping, DJ Rubin, DM BE Bogen, J Fergus, T Walling, D TI Testing laser-based sensors for continuous in situ monitoring of suspended sediment in the Colorado River, Arizona SO EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT IN RIVERS: TECHNOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers CY JUN 19-21, 2002 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Norwegian Water Resourses & Energy Directorate, Int Assoc Hydrik Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros DE Colorado River; environmental monitoring; LISST; suspended-sediment transport ID SUPPLY LIMITATION; GRAIN-SIZE; TRANSPORT AB High-resolution monitoring of sand mass balance in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, USA, is needed for environmental management. In the Grand Canyon, frequent collection of suspended-sediment samples from cableways is logistically complicated, costly and provides limited spatial and temporal resolution. In situ laser sensors were tested in the Colorado River as an alternative method for monitoring the river's suspended transport. LISST data were collected at a fixed-depth, near-shore site while isokinetic measurements were simultaneously made from a nearby cableway. Diurnal variations in LISST grain size and concentration data compared well with depth-integrated, cross-section data. The LISST was also successfully used to electronically trigger an ISCO 6712 pump sampler to provide continuous monitoring during periods when suspended concentrations exceeded the LISST's measurement range. Initial results indicate that the LISST can provide useful high-resolution suspended-sediment data within the Colorado River, when optics are maintained on a weekly basis. C1 US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Melis, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Grand Canyon Monitoring & Res Ctr, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-42-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 283 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BY86U UT WOS:000189482300003 ER PT S AU Schoellhamer, DH Wright, SA AF Schoellhamer, DH Wright, SA BE Bogen, J Fergus, T Walling, D TI Continuous measurement of suspended-sediment discharge in rivers by use of optical backscatterance sensors SO EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MEASUREMENT IN RIVERS: TECHNOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers CY JUN 19-21, 2002 CL Oslo, NORWAY SP Norwegian Water Resourses & Energy Directorate, Int Assoc Hydrik Sci, Int Commiss Continental Eros DE Colorado River; equal discharge increment method; isokinetic sampling; optical backscatterance sensor; particle size; Sacramento River; suspended sediment; suspended-sediment discharge ID RESUSPENSION MECHANISMS; TAMPA-BAY; INSTRUMENTATION; ESTUARY; FLORIDA AB Optical sensors have been used to measure turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration by many marine and estuarine studies, and optical sensors can provide automated, continuous time series of suspended-sediment concentration and discharge in rivers. Three potential problems with using optical sensors are biological fouling, particle-size variability, and particle-reflectivity variability. Despite varying particle size, output from an optical backscatterance sensor in the Sacramento River at Freeport, California, USA, was calibrated successfully to discharge-weighted, cross-sectionally averaged suspended-sediment concentration, which was measured with the equal discharge-, or width-increment, methods and an isokinetic sampler. A correction for sensor drift was applied to the 3-year time series. However, the calibration of an optical backscatterance sensor used in the Colorado River at Cisco, Utah, USA, was affected by particle-size variability. The adjusted time series at Freeport was used to calculate hourly suspended-sediment discharge that compared well with daily values from a sediment station at Freeport. The appropriateness of using optical sensors in rivers should be evaluated on a site-specific basis and measurement objectives, potential particle size effects, and potential fouling should be considered. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Schoellhamer, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM dschoell@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-42-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2003 IS 283 BP 28 EP 36 PG 9 WC Geology; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BY86U UT WOS:000189482300004 ER PT J AU Congleton, JL Biga, PR Peterson, BC AF Congleton, JL Biga, PR Peterson, BC TI Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations in yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrating from the Snake River Basin, USA SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Columbia River; dams; fasting; feeding; food deprivation; hydroelectric; IGF-1; smoltification; Snake River ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; GILL NA+,K+-ATPASE; HORMONE; KISUTCH; SMOLTIFICATION; CORTISOL AB During the parr-to-smolt transformation (smoltification) of juvenile salmonids, preadaptive changes in osmoregulatory and ionoregulatory ability are regulated in part by the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis. If food intake is sufficient, plasma IGF-I increases during smoltification. On the other hand, plasma IGF-I typically decreases in fasting fish and other vertebrate animals. Because food availability is limited for juvenile salmonids undertaking an extended 6- to 12-week spring migration to and through the Snake-Columbia River hydropower system ( northwestern USA), IGF-I concentrations might be expected to decrease, potentially compromising seawater tolerance. To address this possibility, yearling chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared in three Snake River Basin hatcheries were sampled before release and at two downstream dams. Dry masses of migrating fish either did not increase during the migration ( in 2000, an average-flow year), or decreased significantly ( in 2001, a low-flow year). In both years, plasma IGF-I levels were significantly higher (1.6-fold in 2000, 3.7-fold in 2001) for fish sampled at the last dam on the lower Columbia River than for fish sampled prior to release. Plasma IGF-I concentrations in migrating fish may, nonetheless, have been nutritionally down-regulated to some degree, because plasma IGF-I concentrations in juvenile chinook salmon captured at a Snake River dam and transported to the laboratory increased in fed groups, but decreased in unfed groups. The ability of migrating smolts to maintain relatively elevated IGF-I levels despite restricted food intake and loss of body mass is likely related to smoltification-associated changes in hormonal balance. C1 Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Congleton, JL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM jcong-let@uidaho.edu NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000035895.21012.61 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 840RP UT WOS:000222877300006 ER PT J AU Welker, TL Congleton, JL AF Welker, TL Congleton, JL TI Relationship between dietary lipid source, oxidative stress, and the physiological response to stress in sub-yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; dietary oil; fatty acid; lipid peroxidation; stress response ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PEROXIDE VALUES; FOOD LIPIDS; SALAR; BRAIN; METABOLISM; TISSUES; TROUT AB Relationships between dietary lipid source, stress, and oxidative stress were examined in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Four different experimental diets were used: menhaden oil (MHO; elevated 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3), soybean oil (SBO; elevated 18:2n-6), linseed oil (LSO; elevated 18:3n-3), and a mixture of 55% linseed oil and 45% soybean oil (MIX; approximately equal levels of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3). Juvenile salmon (initial body weight of 16.0 g) were fed experimental diets for 12 weeks (early March to early June). At the end of feeding, fish subjected to a low-water stressor for 96 h had greater liver and brain lipid peroxidation compared to unstressed controls; peroxidation was not influenced by diet. Diet and stress affected plasma cortisol levels. Stressed fish fed SBO had the greatest cortisol concentrations, followed by MIX, MHO, and LSO (mean concentrations for the SBO and LSO diets differed significantly). The cortisol response to stress may have been influenced by the ratio of prostaglandin 1- and 2- series to prostaglandin 3-series precursor fatty acids provided by the different diets. The results of this study suggest a connection between the physiological response to stress, dietary lipid quality, and oxidative stress. This is the first evidence of such a relationship in fish. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Welker, TL (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM twelker@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000045724.93156.ef PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 865KS UT WOS:000224702300004 ER PT J AU Patino, R Thomas, P Yoshizaki, G AF Patino, R Thomas, P Yoshizaki, G TI Ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation: an integrated perspective SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Reproductive Physiology of Fish CY 2003 CL Mie, JAPAN DE fish; maturation; maturational competence; oocyte; ovarian follicle; ovulation; ovulatory competence; teleost ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; ATLANTIC CROAKER; OOCYTE MATURATION; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; GONADOTROPIC CONTROL; MEMBRANE-RECEPTOR; COMPETENCE; TELEOST; PROTEIN AB Numerous studies with teleosts have addressed the regulation and mechanisms of oocyte maturation, but largely at the exclusion of ovulation. A smaller but still considerable number of studies have focused on ovulation, and ignored maturation. Consequently, little is known about the mechanistic linkages between these two events. New information is presented here indicating that luteinizing hormone regulates the acquisition not only of oocyte maturational competence, but also ovulatory competence. The thesis is presented that maturation and ovulation are closely integrated and overlapping events that are best viewed conceptually and experimentally as parts of a functional whole. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. Tokyo Univ Fisheries, Dept Aquat Biosci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. RP Patino, R (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RI YOSHIZAKI, Goro/O-1937-2014 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000030565.74702.0a PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 827DZ UT WOS:000221880400103 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Evans, JW AF Peterson, JT Evans, JW TI Quantitative decision analysis for sport fisheries management SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVES; SYSTEM; MODELS AB Fisheries managers often are faced with difficult decisions on how to satisfy needs of the public while maintaining or restoring important sport fisheries. Such decisions are fraught with complexity and uncertainty associated with both ecological systems and multiple management objectives and alternatives under consideration. Quantitative decision analysis provides a means to formalize these complexities into a framework consisting of probabilistic relationships among management actions, sources of uncertainty, and management outcomes. We present an example of quantitative decision analysis for managing largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in West Point Reservoir, Georgia. We developed the decision model to choose among four length limit alternatives: no minimum, 305-mm, 356-mm, and 406-mm minimum total length limits. The model consisted of population dynamics components from published studies, estimates of future reservoir trophic status, and a composite angler satisfaction score. The model indicated that a 305-mm length limit would result in the greatest angler satisfaction, but the model was very sensitive to estimates of angling mortality. To minimize the potential risks of error in the angling mortality estimates, we suggested a 356-mm length limit that was adopted by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The model transparency also helped biologists illustrate the decision-making process to the public, garnering support for the length limit change. We believe that decision analysis is a useful tool for fisheries management and encourage its use by fisheries biologists. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Managment, Wildlife Resources Div, Ft Valley, GA USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2003)28[10:QDAFSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 635HW UT WOS:000180394300007 ER PT J AU Ruggerone, GT Zimmermann, M Myers, KW Nielsen, JL Rogers, DE AF Ruggerone, GT Zimmermann, M Myers, KW Nielsen, JL Rogers, DE TI Competition between Asian pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Alaskan sockeye salmon (O-nerka) in the North Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Bristol Bay; growth; hatchery; interspecific competition; Kamchatka; management; marine survival; Oncorhynchus; Pacific salmon; Russia; scale annuli ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GROWTH; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; SIZE; KETA; AGE AB The importance of interspecific competition as a mechanism regulating population abundance in offshore marine communities is largely unknown. We evaluated offshore competition between Asian pink salmon and Bristol Bay ( Alaska) sockeye salmon, which intermingle in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, using the unique biennial abundance cycle of Asian pink salmon from 1955 to 2000. Sockeye salmon growth during the second and third growing seasons at sea, as determined by scale measurements, declined significantly in odd-numbered years, corresponding to years when Asian pink salmon are most abundant. Bristol Bay sockeye salmon do not interact with Asian pink salmon during their first summer and fall seasons and no difference in first year scale growth was detected. The interaction with odd-year pink salmon led to significantly smaller size at age of adult sockeye salmon, especially among younger female salmon. Examination of sockeye salmon smolt to adult survival rates during 1977 - 97 indicated that smolts entering the ocean during even-numbered years and interacting with abundant odd-year pink salmon during the following year experienced 26% ( age-2 smolt) to 45% ( age-1 smolt) lower survival compared with smolts migrating during odd-numbered years. Adult sockeye salmon returning to Bristol Bay from even-year smolt migrations were 22% less abundant ( reduced by 5.9 million fish per year) compared with returns from odd-year migrations. The greatest reduction in adult returns occurred among adults spending 2 compared with 3 years at sea. Our new evidence for interspecific competition highlights the need for multispecies, international management of salmon production, including salmon released from hatcheries into the ocean. C1 Univ Washington, Fisheries Res Inst, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ruggerone, GT (reprint author), Natl Resources Consultants Inc, 1900 W Nickerson St,Suite 207, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. NR 64 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2419.2003.00239.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 681RT UT WOS:000183049700006 ER PT S AU Scanlon, KM Koenig, CC Coleman, FC Miller, M AF Scanlon, KM Koenig, CC Coleman, FC Miller, M BE Stanley, DR ScarboroughBull, A TI Importance of geology to fisheries management: Examples from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO FISHERIES, REEFS, AND OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gulf of Mexico Fish and Fisheries Meeting CY OCT 24-26, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals Management Serv ID SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES; WEST FLORIDA; CONSEQUENCES; SLOPE AB Seafloor mapping of shelf-edge habitats in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico demonstrates how sidescan-sonar imagery, seismic-reflection profiling, video data, geologic mapping, sediment sampling, and understanding the regional geologic history can enhance, support, and guide traditional Fisheries research and management. New data from the Madison Swanson and Steamboat Lumps Marine Reserves reveal complex benthic habitats consisting of high-relief calcareous pinnacles, low-relief karstic hardbottom, rocky outcrops several kilometers in length, and variable thickness of fine-grained and apparently mobile coarse-grained sediments. Our data also show that certain fish alter the landscape by clearing sediment from hardbottom areas (e.g., red grouper Epinephelus morio) and by burrowing extensively in fine-grained sediment (e.g., tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps). The seafloor imagery and geologic maps show that (a) sea level fluctuations played a dominant role in the development of the present-day regional geology, and (b) habitats (and benthic communities) are tied closely to geologic character. Understanding the geologic setting allowed for efficient and representative sampling of the biology. The geologic data can be used to set meaningful boundaries for fishery reserves and to help predict habitats in areas that are not well mapped. This interdisciplinary work added value to traditional research disciplines by providing management with integrated tools to make better decisions. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Scanlon, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-54-9 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 36 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BX49H UT WOS:000185466300006 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Keeland, B Mccoy, J Dean, TJ AF Lockhart, BR Keeland, B Mccoy, J Dean, TJ TI Comparing regeneration techniques for afforesting previously farmed bottomland hardwood sites in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID CROWN POSITION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FERTILIZATION; WETLANDS AB A study was implemented to test site preparation methods and artificial regeneration of three oak (Quercus spp.) species on four agricultural fields in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley in Louisiana, USA. Six years after establishment, few consistent differences were found in oak density between sowing acorn methods (seed drill versus broadcast seeding), autumn sowing versus spring sowing, and sowing acorns versus planting oak seedlings. Results indicated that some degree of site preparation is needed to establish oak seedlings but few differences were found between site preparation treatments. These results indicate that no one prescription for oak regeneration fits all potential afforestation projects in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Successful bottomland hardwood afforestation projects will require plans that include specific objectives, site evaluation, and a regeneration prescription prior to sowing the first seed or planting the first seedling. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM blockh1@lsu.edu NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.2.169 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 674GX UT WOS:000182630000006 ER PT J AU Altaner, SP Ylagan, RF Savin, SM Aronson, JL Belkin, HE Pozzuoli, A AF Altaner, SP Ylagan, RF Savin, SM Aronson, JL Belkin, HE Pozzuoli, A TI Geothermometry, geochronology, and mass transfer associated with hydrothermal alteration of a rhyolitic hyaloclastite from Ponza Island, Italy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; BURIAL DIAGENESIS; ILLITE SMECTITE; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; DISTURBED BELT; GEOCHEMISTRY; SANDSTONE; SYSTEM; WATER; BASIN AB A rhyolitic hyaloclastite from Ponza Island, Italy, was hydrothermally altered, producing four distinct alteration zones based on X-ray diffraction mineralogy and field textures: (1) nonpervasive argillic zone; (2) propylitic zone; (3) silicic zone; and (4) sericitic zone. The unaltered hyaloclastite is volcanic breccia with clasts of vesiculated obsidian in a matrix of predominantly pumice lapilli. Incomplete alteration of the hyaloclastite resulted in the nonpervasive argillic zone, characterized by smectite and disordered opal-CT. The other three zones exhibit more complete alteration of the hyaloclastite. The propylitic zone is characterized by mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S) with 10 to 85% I, mordenite, opal-C, and authigenic K-feldspar (akspar). The silicic zone is characterized by I-S with greater than or equal to90% I, pure illite, quartz, akspar, and occasional albite. The sericitic zone consists primarily of I-S with greater than or equal to66% I, pure illite, quartz, and minor akspar and pyrite. K/Ar dates of I-S indicate hydrothermal alteration occurred at 3.38 +/- 0.08 Ma. Oxygen isotope compositions of I-S systematically decrease from zones 1 to 4. In the argillic zone, smectite has delta(18)O values of 21.7 to 22.0parts per thousand and I-S from the propylitic, silicic, and sericitic zones ranges from 14.5 to 16.3parts per thousand, 12.5 to 14.0parts per thousand, and 8.6 to 11.9parts per thousand, respectively. delta(18)O values for quartz from the silicic and sericitic zones range from 12.6 to 15.9parts per thousand. By use of isotope fractionation equations and data from authigenic quartz-hosted primary fluid inclusions, alteration temperatures ranged from 50 to 65degreesC for the argillic zone, 85 to 125degreesC for the propylific zone, 110 to 210degreesC for the silicic zone, and 145 to 225degreesC for the sericitic zone. Fluid inclusion data and calculated delta(18)O(water) values indicate that hydrothermal fluids were seawater dominated. Mass-transfer calculations indicate that hydrothermal alteration proceeded in a relatively open chemical system and alteration in the sericitic zone involved the most extensive loss of chemical species, especially Si. Systematic gains in Mg occur in all alteration zones as a result of I-S clay mineral formation, and systematic losses of Na, Ca, and K occur in most zones. With the exception of Ca, calculations of mass transfer associated with hydrothermal alteration on Ponza agree with chemical fluxes observed in laboratory experiments involving hydrothermal reactions of rhyolite and seawater. The anomalous Ca loss at Ponza may be due to hydrothermal formation of anhydrite and later low-temperature dissolution. On the basis of Mg enrichments derived from circulating seawater, we estimate the following minimum water/rock ratios: 9, 3, 6, and 9 for the argillic, propylitic, silicic, and sericitic zones, respectively. Hydrothermal fluid pH for the propylitic and silicic zones was neutral to slightly basic and relatively acidic for the sericitic zone as a result of condensation of carbonic and perhaps other acids. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. United States Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Geofis & Vulcanol, I-80138 Naples, Italy. RP Altaner, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 275 EP 288 AR PII S0016-7037(00)01077-3 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01077-3 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 634XJ UT WOS:000180367500009 ER PT J AU Pearce, JT Pazzaglia, FJ Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Alley, RB Germanoski, D Denner, JD AF Pearce, JT Pazzaglia, FJ Evenson, EB Lawson, DE Alley, RB Germanoski, D Denner, JD TI Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bedload; sediment yield; sediment transport; glacial erosion; Matanuska Glacier; Alaska ID EROSION; RATES AB The flux of glacially derived bedload and the proportions of the suspended and bedload components carried by proglacial streams are highly debated. Published data indicate a large range-from <30% to >75%-in the bedload percentage of the total load. Two "vents," where supercooled subglacial meltwater and sediment are discharged, were sampled over the course of an entire melt season in order to quantify the flux of glacially delivered bedload at the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. The bedload component contributed by these vents, for the one melt season monitored, is negligible. Furthermore, the bedload fluxes appear to be strongly supply limited, as shown by the poorly correlated discharge, bedload-flux magnitude, and grain-size caliber. Thus, in this case, any attempt to employ a predictive quantitative expression for coarse-sediment production based on discharge alone would be inaccurate. A nonglaciated basin proximal to the Matanuska Glacier terminus yielded higher bedload sediment fluxes and larger clast sizes than delivered by the two monitored vents. Such nonglaciated basins should not be overlooked as potentially major sources of coarse bedload that is reworked and incorporated into valley outwash. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Richardson, AK 99505 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Easton, PA 18042 USA. US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. RP Pearce, JT (reprint author), William Lettis & Associates, 1777 Botelho Dr,Suite 262, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0007:BCOGDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 632UH UT WOS:000180241200002 ER PT J AU Colman, SM Bratton, JF AF Colman, SM Bratton, JF TI Anthropogenically induced changes in sediment and biogenic silica fluxes in Chesapeake Bay SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; biogenic silica; sediments; sedimentation; dating; nutrients ID PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; ANNUAL CYCLE; EUTROPHICATION; ANOXIA; NUTRIENT; PRODUCTIVITY; ESTUARIES; HISTORY AB Sediment cores as long as 20 m, dated by C-14, Pb-210, and Cs-137 methods and pollen stratigraphy, provide a history of diatom productivity and sediment-accumulation rates in Chesapeake Bay. We calculated the flux of biogenic silica and total sediment for the past 1500 yr for two high-sedimentation-rate sites in the mesohaline section of the bay. The data show that biogenic silica flux to sediments, an index of diatom productivity in the bay, as well as its variability, were relatively low before European settlement of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In the succeeding 300400 yr, the flux of biogenic silica has increased by a factor of 4 to 5. Biogenic silica fluxes still appear to be increasing, despite recent nutrient-reduction efforts. The increase in diatom-produced biogenic silica has been partly masked (in concentration terms) by a similar increase in total sediment flux. This history suggests the magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance of the estuary and indicates that significant changes had occurred long before the twentieth century. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Colman, SM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 NR 35 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0071:AICISA>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 632UH UT WOS:000180241200018 ER PT J AU Harris, R Moore, TE Wirth, K Mull, CG McBride, J AF Harris, R Moore, TE Wirth, K Mull, CG McBride, J TI Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes: Comment and reply - Comment SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALASKA C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Macalester Coll, Dept Geol, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. Alaska Div Oil & Gas, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Harris, R (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0091:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 632UH UT WOS:000180241200023 ER PT J AU Saltus, RW Hudson, TL Karl, SM Morin, RL AF Saltus, RW Hudson, TL Karl, SM Morin, RL TI Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes: Comment and reply - Reply SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Appl Geol Inc, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saltus, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 92 EP 92 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0092:>2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Geology SC Geology GA 632UH UT WOS:000180241200024 ER PT J AU Sepulveda, N AF Sepulveda, N TI A statistical estimator of the spatial distribution of the water-table altitude SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB An algorithm was designed to statistically estimate the areal distribution of water-table altitude. The altitude of the water table was bounded below by the minimum water-table surface and above by the land surface. Using lake elevations and stream stages, and interpolating between lakes and streams, the minimum water-table surface was generated. A multiple linear regression among the minimum water-table altitude, the difference between land-surface and minimum water-table altitudes, and the water-level measurements from surficial aquifer system wells resulted in a consistently high correlation for all groups of physiographic regions in Florida. A simple linear regression between land-surface and water-level measurements resulted in a root-mean-square residual of 4.23 in, with residuals ranging from -8.78 to 41.54 in. A simple linear regression between the minimum water table and the water-level measurements resulted in a root-mean-square residual of 1.45 in, with residuals ranging from -7.39 to 4.10 in. The application of the multiple linear regression presented herein resulted in a root-mean-square residual of 1.05 in, with residuals ranging from -5.24 to 5.63 in. Results from complete and partial F tests rejected the hypothesis of eliminating any of the regressors in the multiple linear regression presented in this study. C1 US Geol Survey, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Suite 1006,224 W Cent Pkwy, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02569.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 634XL UT WOS:000180367700012 PM 12533077 ER PT J AU Rawling, JE Fredlund, GG Mahan, S AF Rawling, JE Fredlund, GG Mahan, S TI Aeolian cliff-top deposits and buried soils in the White River Badlands, South Dakota, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE aeolian; buried soil; cliff-top deposits; South Dakota; badlands; mesa; Great Plains; Holocene ID NEBRASKA SAND HILLS; HOLOCENE EOLIAN ACTIVITY; GREAT-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; MARSH SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; DUNE ACTIVITY; C-14 DATES; TEXAS; AGE AB Aeolian deposits in the North American Great Plains are important sources of Holocene palaeoenvironmental records. Although there are extensive studies on loess and dune records in the region, little is known about records in aeolian cliff-top deposits. These are common on table (mesa) edges in the White River Badlands. These sediments typically have loam and sandy-loam textures with dominantly very fine sand, 0.5-1% organic carbon and 0.5-5% CaCO3. Some of these aeolian deposits are atypically coarse and contain granules and fine pebbles. Buried soils within these deposits are weakly developed with A-C and A-AC-C profiles. Beneath these are buried soils with varying degrees of pedogenic development formed in fluvial, aeolian or colluvial deposits. Thickness and number of buried soils vary. However, late-Holocene soils from several localities have ages of approximately 1300, 2500 and 3700 C-14 yrs BP. The 1300 C-14 yr BP soil is cumulic, with a thicker and lighter A horizon. Soils beneath the cliff-top deposits are early-Holocene (typically 7900 but as old as 10000 C-14 yrs BP) at higher elevation (similar to950 m) tables, and late-Holocene (2900 C-14 yrs BP) at lower (similar to830 m) tables. These age estimates are based on total organic matter C-14 ages from the top 5 cm of buried soils, and agreement is good between an infrared stimulated luminescence age and bracketing C-14 ages. Our studies show that cliff-top aeolian deposits have a history similar to that of other aeolian deposits on the Great Plains, and they are another source of palaeoenvironmental data. C1 Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Dept Geog, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI 53212 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Rawling, JE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Platteville, Dept Geog, 1 Univ Plaza, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. EM rawlingj@uwplatt.edu OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1191/0959683603hl601rr PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 627KL UT WOS:000179932300012 ER PT J AU Willard, DA Cronin, TM Verardo, S AF Willard, DA Cronin, TM Verardo, S TI Late-Holocene climate and ecosystem history from Chesapeake Bay sediment cores, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Review DE palaeoclimate; climatic change; estuarine sediments; drought; pollen; dinoflagellate cysts; anthropogenic impacts; Chesapeake Bay; late Holocene ID NORWEGIAN SKAGERRAK COAST; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; CARBON ISOTOPIC RECORD; DINOFLAGELLATE-CYSTS; ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE; OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ADJACENT SEAS; STABLE OXYGEN AB Palaeoclimate records from late-Holocene sediments in Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the USA, provide evidence that both decadal to centennial climate variability and European colonization had severe impacts on the watershed and estuary. Using pollen and dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for mid-Atlantic regional precipitation, estuarine salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) during the last 2300 years, we identified four dry intervals, centred on AD 50 (P1/D1), AD 1000 (P2/D2), AD 1400 (P3) and AD 1600 (P4). Two centennial-scale events, P1/D1 and P2/D2, altered forest composition and led to increased salinity and DO levels in the estuary. Intervals P3 and P4 lasted several decades, leading to decreased production of pine pollen. Periods of dry mid-Atlantic climate correspond to 'megadroughts' identified from tree-ring records in the southeastern and central USA. The observed mid-Atlantic climate variability may be explained by changes in atmospheric circulation resulting in longer-term, perhaps amplified, intervals of meridional flow. After European colonization in the early seventeenth century, forest clearance for agriculture, timber and urbanization altered estuarine water quality, with dinoflagellate assemblages indicating reduced DO and increased turbidity. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Atlantic Geoserv Inc, Oakton, VA USA. RP Willard, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 101 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 22 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1191/0959683603hl607rp PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 650TH UT WOS:000181279000005 ER PT J AU Kitaysky, AS Kitaiskaia, E Piatt, J Wingfield, JC AF Kitaysky, AS Kitaiskaia, E Piatt, J Wingfield, JC TI Benefits and costs of increased levels of corticosterone in seabird chicks SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE aggression; associative learning; begging; cognition; corticosterone; environmental stress; Kittiwakes; Juvenile life-history traits ID LEGGED KITTIWAKE CHICKS; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; STRESS-RESPONSE; RESOURCE-ALLOCATION; SIBLING AGGRESSION; HYPOTHESIS; ASYMMETRY; HUNGER; GROWTH AB Seabird chicks respond to food shortages by increasing corticosterone (cort) secretion, which is probably associated with fitness benefits and costs. To examine this, we experimentally increased levels of circulating cort in captive black-legged kittiwake chicks fed ad libitum. We found that cort-implanted chicks begged more frequently and were more aggressive compared to controls. These behavioral modifications must be beneficial to chicks as they facilitate acquisition of food from the parents and might trigger brood reduction and reduced competition for food. Cort-implanted chicks also increased food intake; however, their growth rates were similar to controls. To examine the costs of chronically increased circulating levels of cort, we removed cort implants and, after a 10-day recovery period, tested cognitive abilities of young kittiwakes. We found that the ability of kittiwakes to associate a visual cue with the presence of food in a choice situation was compromised by the experimental elevation of cort during development. To examine the long-term costs of increased levels of cort, 8 months later we tested the performance of the same individuals in a spatial task requiring them to make a detour around a barrier in order to escape from an enclosure. Individuals treated with cort during development took significantly more time to solve this task compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that the adrenocortical response of a developing bird to environmental stressors is associated with both benefits (increased food intake, foraging behavior, and aggression) and costs (low growth efficiency and compromised cognitive abilities later in life). This provides an evolutionary framework for relating juvenile physiological traits to fitness of birds in subsequent life-history stages. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Serv Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Kitaysky, AS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Zool, 24 Kincaid Hall,Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kitaysky@u.washington.edu NR 37 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 6 U2 64 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X EI 1095-6867 J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00030-2 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 674VW UT WOS:000182658400018 PM 12614644 ER PT J AU Clements, S Moore, FL Schreck, CB AF Clements, S Moore, FL Schreck, CB TI Evidence that acute serotonergic activation potentiates the locomotor-stimulating effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE CRH; CRF; serotonin; locomotor; teleost ID DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS; SWIMMING ACTIVITY; RAT-BRAIN; ACUTE FLUOXETINE; RAINBOW-TROUT; FACTOR CRF; IN-VIVO; NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSES; EXTRACELLULAR SEROTONIN; RECEPTOR AGONISTS AB The present study investigated whether the serotonergic system is involved in mediating the behavioral effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. An intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CRH induced hyperactivity. The effect of CRH was potentiated in a dose-dependent manner by the concurrent administration of the serotonin (5-HT) selective reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. However, administration of fluoxetine alone had no effect on locomotor activity, suggesting that the locomotor-stimulating effect of CRH is mediated by the activation of the serotonergic system. Conversely, ICV injections of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist NAN-190 attenuated the effect of CRH on locomotor activity when given in combination with CRH but had no effect when administered alone. These results provide the first evidence to support the hypothesis that the effect of CRH on locomotor activity in teleosts is mediated by activating the serotonergic system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clemensh@onid.orst.edu NR 69 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)0027-2 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 674VW UT WOS:000182658400026 PM 12614652 ER PT B AU Sibrell, PL Watten, B Boone, T AF Sibrell, PL Watten, B Boone, T BE Young, C Alfantazi, A Anderson, C James, A Dreisinger, D Harris, B TI Remediation of acid mine drainage at the friendship hill national historic site with a pulsed limestone bed process SO HYDROMETALLURGY 2003 PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: VOL 1: LEARNING AND SOLUTION PURIFICATION - VOL 2: ELECTROMETALLURGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Hydrometallurgy in honor of Ian M Ritchie CY AUG 24-27, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP MetSoc, Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr AB A new process utilizing pulsed fluidized limestone beds was tested for the remediation of acid mine drainage at the Friendship Hill National Historic Site, in southwestern Pennsylvania. A 230 liter-per-minute treatment system was constructed and operated over a fourteen-month period from June 2000 through September 2001. Over this period of time, 50,000 metric tons of limestone were used to treat 50 million liters of water. The influent water pH was 2.5 and acidity was 1000 mg/L as CaCO3. Despite the high potential for armoring at the site, effluent pH during normal plant operation ranged from 5.7 to 7.8 and averaged 6.8. As a result of the high influent acidity, sufficient CO2 was generated and recycled to provide a net alkaline discharge with about 50 mg/L as CaCO3 alkalinity. Additions of commercial CO2 increased effluent alkalinity to as high as 300 mg/L, and could be a useful process management tool for transient high flows or acidities. Metal removal rates were 95% for aluminum (60 mg/L in influent), 50 to 90% for iron (Fe), depending on the ratio of ferrous to ferric iron, which varied seasonally (200 mg/L in influent), and <10% of manganese (Mn) (10 mg/L in influent). Ferrous iron and Mn removal was incomplete because of the high pH required for precipitation of these species. Iron removal could be improved by increased aeration following neutralization, and Mn removal could be effected by a post treatment passive settling/oxidation pond. Metal hydroxide sludges were settled in settling tanks, and then hauled from the site for aesthetic purposes. Over 450 metric tons of sludge were removed from the water over the life of the project. The dried sludge was tested by the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Protocol (TCLP) and was found to be non-hazardous. Treatment costs were $43,000 per year and $1.08 per m(3), but could be decreased to $22,000 and $0.51 per m(3) by decreasing labor use and by on-site sludge handling. These results confirm the utility of the new process in treatment of acid impaired waters that were previously not amenable to low cost limestone treatment. C1 USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sibrell, PL (reprint author), USGS Leetown Sci Ctr, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. OI Sibrell, Philip/0000-0001-5666-1228 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA BN 0-87339-554-9 PY 2003 BP 1823 EP 1836 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BX66N UT WOS:000186055300137 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM AF Mulcahy, DM TI Does the animal welfare act apply to free-ranging animals? SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE animal welfare act; fish; free-ranging animal; IACUC; IRAC principles; veterinarian; wildlife; wildlife veterinarian ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VETERINARY-MEDICINE; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; ECOLOGY; HEALTH; BIRDS; BIODIVERSITY; CHALLENGES AB Despite the long-standing role that institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs) have played in reviewing and approving studies at academic institutions, compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is not always complete for government natural resource agencies that use free, -ranging animals in research and management studies. Even at universities, IACUCs face uncertainties about what activities are covered and about how to judge proposed research on free-ranging animals. One reason for much of the confusion is the AWA vaguely worded exemption for "field studies." In particular, fish are problematic because of the AWA exclusion of poikilothermic animals. However, most university IACUCs review studies on all animals, and the Interagency Research Animal Committee (IRAC) has published the "IRAC Principles," which extend coverage to all vertebrates used by federal researchers. Despite this extended coverage, many scientists working on wild animals continue to view compliance with the AWA with little enthusiasm. IACUCs, IACUC veterinarians, wildlife veterinarians, and fish and wildlife biologists must learn to work together to comply with the law and to protect the privilege of using free-ranging animals in research. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Amer Coll Zool Med, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Amer Coll Zool Med, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1084-2020 EI 1930-6180 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 252 EP 258 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 752XF UT WOS:000187200900002 PM 13130156 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM AF Mulcahy, DM TI Surgical implantation of transmitters into fish SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE anesthesia; animal welfare act; fish; IACUC; implantation; surgery; telemetry; transmitter ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; NEUTRALIZED MS 222; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; DUMMY TRANSMITTERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CHANNEL CATFISH; STRIPED BASS; ELECTROMYOGRAM TELEMETRY AB Although the Animal Welfare Act does not cover poikilotherms, individual institutions and policies and legal requirements other than the Animal Welfare Act (e.g., the US Public Health Service and the Interagency Research Animal Committee's Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals Used in Testing, Research, and Training) require the review of projects involving fish by institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs). IACUCs may, however, lack the knowledge and experience to evaluate fish projects judiciously, especially when the projects are in field settings. Surgeries involving implantation of transmitters and other instruments into the coelom, which now comprise a very common research tool in the study of free-ranging fishes, are examples of surgeries that use a broad spectrum of surgical and anesthetic techniques, some of which would not be considered acceptable for similar work on mammals. IACUCs should apply the standards they would expect to be used for surgeries on homeotherms to surgeries on fish. Surgeons should be carefully trained and experienced. Surgical instruments and transmitters should be sterile. Regulations and laws on the use of drugs in animals should be followed, particularly those concerned with anesthetics and antibiotics used on free-ranging fish. Exceptions to surgical procedures should be made only when circumstances are extreme enough to warrant the use of less than optimal procedures. C1 US Geol Survey, Amer Coll Zool Med, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Amer Coll Zool Med, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 109 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 25 PU INST LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH, NATL RES COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 295 EP 306 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 752XF UT WOS:000187200900006 PM 13130160 ER PT S AU Lundquist, JD Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Lundquist, JD Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD BE Zhao, F Guibas, L TI Meteorology and hydrology in yosemite national park: A sensor network application SO INFORMATION PROCESSING IN SENSOR NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Information Processing in Sensor Networks CY APR 22-23, 2003 CL PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SNOWMELT RUNOFF AB Over half of California's water supply comes from high elevations in the snowmelt-dominated Sierra Nevada. Natural climate fluctuations, global warming, and the growing needs of water consumers demand intelligent management of this water resource. This requires a comprehensive monitoring system across and within the Sierra Nevada. Unfortunately, because of severe terrain and limited access, few measurements exist. Thus, meteorological and hydrologic processes are not well understood at high altitudes. However, new sensor and wireless communication technologies are beginning to provide sensor packages designed for low maintenance operation, low power consumption and unobtrusive footprints. A prototype network of meteorological and hydrological sensors has been deployed in Yosemite National Park, traversing elevation zones from 1,200 to 3,700 m. Communication techniques must be tailored to suit each location, resulting in a hybrid network of radio, cell-phone, land-line, and satellite transmissions. Results are showing how, in some years, snowmelt may occur quite uniformly over the Sierra, while in others it varies with elevation. C1 UCSD, SIO, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), UCSD, SIO, MC-0213,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-02111-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2003 VL 2634 BP 518 EP 528 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BX27N UT WOS:000184816200035 ER PT J AU Funk, C Michaelsen, J Verdin, J Artan, G Husak, G Senay, G Gadain, H Magadazire, T AF Funk, C Michaelsen, J Verdin, J Artan, G Husak, G Senay, G Gadain, H Magadazire, T TI The collaborative historical African rainfall model: Description and evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africa; precipitation; rainfall; time series; orographic; climatology; interpolation; food security ID TIME CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; REANALYSIS; DATASET; INTERPOLATION; PROJECT; SUMMER AB In Africa the variability of rainfall in space and time is high, and the general availability of historical gauge data is low. This makes many food security and hydrologic preparedness activities difficult. In order to help overcome this limitation, we have created the Collaborative Historical African Rainfall Model (CHARM). CHARM combines three Sources of information: climatologically aided interpolated (CAI) rainfall grids (monthly/0.5degrees), National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis precipitation fields (daily/1.875degrees) and orographic enhancement estimates (daily/0.1degrees). The first set of weights scales the daily reanalysis precipitation fields to match the gridded CAI monthly rainfall time series. This produces data with a daily/0.5degrees resolution. A diagnostic model of orographic precipitation, VDELB - based on the dot-product of the surface wind V and terrain gradient (DEL) and atmospheric buoyancy B - is then used to estimate the precipitation enhancement produced by complex terrain. Although the data are produced on 0.1degrees grids to facilitate integration with satellite-based rainfall estimates, the 'true' resolution of the data will be less than this value, and varies with station density, topography, and precipitation dynamics. The CHARM is best suited, therefore, to applications that integrate rainfall or rainfall-driven model results over large regions. The CHARM time series is compared with three independent datasets: dekadal satellite-based rainfall estimates across the continent, dekadal interpolated gauge data in Mali, and daily interpolated gauge data in western Kenya. These comparisons suggest reasonable accuracies (standard errors of about half a standard deviation) when data are aggregated to regional scales, even at daily time steps. Thus constrained, numerical weather prediction precipitation fields do a reasonable job of representing large-scale diurnal variations. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Int Program, US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Int Program, US Geol Survey, 5721 Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 47 EP 66 DI 10.1002/joc.866 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641DB UT WOS:000180728200003 ER PT J AU Godsy, EM Warren, E Paganelli, VV AF Godsy, EM Warren, E Paganelli, VV TI The role of microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE at a phytoremediation site SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE chlorinated solvents; phreatophytes; anaerobic microorganisms; bioremediation ID TETRACHLOROETHENE AB In April 1996, a phytoremediation field demonstration site at the Naval Air Station, Fort Worth, Texas, was developed to remediate shallow oxic ground water (< 3.7 m deep) contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. Microbial populations were sampled in February and June 1998. The populations under the newly planted cottonwood trees had not yet matured to an anaerobic community that could dechlorinate trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (DCE); however, the microbial population under a mature (similar to22-year-old) cottonwood tree about 30 m southwest of the plantings had a mature anaerobic population capable of dechlorinating TCE to DCE, and DCE to vinyl chloride (VC). Oxygen-free sediment incubations with contaminated groundwater also demonstrated that resident microorganisms were capable of the dechlorination of TCE to DCE. This suggests that a sufficient amount of organic material is present for microbial dechlorination in aquifer microniches where dissolved O-2 concentrations are low. Phenol, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and a cyclic hydrocarbon, compounds consistent with the degradation of root exudates and complex aromatic compounds, were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in sediment samples under the mature cottonwood tree. Elsewhere at the site, transpiration and degradation by the cottonwood trees appears to be responsible for loss of chlorinated ethenes. C1 US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Godsy, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1080/16226510390856484 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663KU UT WOS:000182005400006 PM 12710236 ER PT S AU Ho, TM Thomas, N Boice, DC Kollein, C Soderblom, LA AF Ho, TM Thomas, N Boice, DC Kollein, C Soderblom, LA BE Worms, JC Klinger, J TI Comparative study of the dust emission of 19P/Borrelly (Deep Space 1) and 1P/Halley SO INTERPRETATION OF THE REMOTE AND IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS OF SMALL BODIES SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interpretation of the Remote and In-Situ Observations of Small Bodies held at the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP COSPAR Commiss B, CNES, DLR, ESA, IAU, ISAS ID INNER COMA; GAS-JET; HALLEY; COMETS; P/HALLEY; CAMERA AB Images obtained by the Miniature Integrated Camera and Imaging Spectrometer (MICAS) experiment onboard the Deep Space 1 spacecraft which encountered comet 19P/Borrelly on September 22nd 2001 show a dust coma dominated by jets. In particular a major collimated dust jet on the sunward side of the nucleus was observed. Our approach to analyse these features is to integrate the observed intensity in concentric envelopes around the nucleus. The same procedures has been used on the Halley Multicolour Camera images of comet 1P/Halley acquired on March 14th 1986. We are able to show that at Borrelly the dust brightness dependence as a function of radial distance is different to that of Halley. At large distances both comets show constant values as the size of the concentric envelopes increases (as one would expect for force free radial outflow). For Halley the integral decreases as one gets closer to the nucleus. Borrelly shows opposite behaviour. The main cause for Halley's intensity distribution is either high optical thickness or particle fragmentation. For Borrelly, we have constructed a simple model of the brightness distribution near the nucleus. This indicates that the influence of deviations from point source geometry is insufficient to explain the observed steepening of the intensity profile close to the nucleus. Dust acceleration or fragmentation into submicron particles appear to be required. We also estimate the dust production rate of Borrelly with respect to Halley and compare their dust to gas ratios. (C) 2003 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Ho, TM (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 12 BP 2583 EP 2589 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00580-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX54K UT WOS:000185644900011 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Aradis, A Landucci, G AF Miller, MW Aradis, A Landucci, G TI Effects of fat reserves on annual apparent survival of blackbirds Turdus merula SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blackbird; capture-recapture analysis; fat reserves; survival; wintering ID DEPENDENT PREDATION RISK; NESTLING WEIGHT; RURAL HABITATS; BODY CONDITION; CANADA GEESE; PARUS-MAJOR; WINTER; BIRDS; MASS; MODEL AB 1. Fat reserves are stored energy that may help birds survive periods of harsh winter weather. This hypothesis predicts that annual apparent survival is higher for birds with large fat reserves than for birds with few or no fat reserves in winter. 2. Blackbirds (Turdus merula Linnaeus) were ringed in central Italy from 16 November to 20 February during 1990-2001. Fat scores were recorded for each bird. We used these capture-mark-recapture data for 1703 blackbirds to estimate the effect of large fat reserves on annual apparent survival, while controlling for transients, using computer programs surviv and mark. Probability of birds retaining large fat reserves, or retaining few fat reserves, over 2 successive years was also estimated. 3. Birds with large fat reserves did not have higher estimated annual apparent survival than birds with few fat reserves ((φ) over cap (large) = (φ) over cap (few) = 0.595, SE = 0.043), inconsistent with our prediction. No effects of age, sex or year were detected on annual apparent survival. Birds with few fat reserves in any given year tended to have few fat reserves the following year ((ψ) over cap (few-->large) = 0.332, SE = 0.052). Birds with large fat reserves in any given year were unlikely to have large fat reserves the next year ((ψ) over cap (large-->few) = 0.585, SE = 0.080). 4. Large fat reserves may not increase annual survival of blackbirds wintering in central Italy. Winter weather in our study area may be too mild to effect survival. Alternatively, increased predation risk associated with large fat reserves may counteract any benefits of reduced starvation risk. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Merriam Lab, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Urbino, Ist Sci Morfol, Pesaro, Italy. Tenuta Presidenziale Castelporziano, I-00128 Rome, Italy. RP Aradis, A (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fauna Selvat, Via Ca Fornacetta 9, I-40064 Ozzano Dell Emilia, Italy. RI Miller, Mark/F-6284-2015 OI Miller, Mark/0000-0003-4211-1393 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8790 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00678.x PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 644PF UT WOS:000180926600012 ER PT J AU Estes, JA Riedman, ML Staedler, MM Tinker, MT Lyon, BE AF Estes, JA Riedman, ML Staedler, MM Tinker, MT Lyon, BE TI Individual variation in prey selection by sea otters: patterns, causes and implications SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California; diet; foraging models; matrilineal transmission ID FORAGING SPECIALIZATIONS; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; FEEDING PREFERENCES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; CHOICE; DIET AB 1. Longitudinal records of prey selection by 10 adult female sea otters on the Monterey Peninsula, California, from 1983 to 1990 demonstrate extreme inter-individual variation in diet. Variation in prey availability cannot explain these differences as the data were obtained from a common spatial-temporal area. 2. Individual dietary patterns persisted throughout our study, thus indicating that they are life-long characteristics. 3. Individual dietary patterns in sea otters appear to be transmitted along matrilines, probably by way of learning during the period of mother-young association. 4. Efficient utilization of different prey types probably requires radically different sensory/motor skills, each of which is difficult to acquire and all of which may exceed the learning and performance capacities of any single individual. This would explain the absence of generalists and inertia against switching, but not the existence of alternative specialists. 5. Such individual variation might arise in a constant environment from frequency-dependent effects, whereby the relative benefit of a given prey specialization depends on the number of other individuals utilizing that prey. Additionally, many of the sea otter's prey fluctuate substantially in abundance through time. This temporal variation, in conjunction with matrilineal transmission of foraging skills, may act to mediate the temporal dynamics of prey specializations. 6. Regardless of the exact cause, such extreme individual variation in diet has broad ramifications for population and community ecology. 7. The published literature indicates that similar patterns occur in many other species. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium, Div Life Sci, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jestes@cats.ucsc.edu RI Tinker, Martin/F-1277-2011; Lyon, Bruce/E-8491-2011 NR 69 TC 216 Z9 220 U1 9 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 72 IS 1 BP 144 EP 155 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00690.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 644PF UT WOS:000180926600014 ER PT J AU Fogarty, LR Haack, SK Wolcott, MJ Whitman, RL AF Fogarty, LR Haack, SK Wolcott, MJ Whitman, RL TI Abundance and characteristics of the recreational water quality indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enterococci; Escherichia coli; faecal contamination; gulls; water quality ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; FECAL POLLUTION; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; LARUS-DELAWARENSIS; NONPOINT SOURCES; ANIMAL SOURCES; POPULATIONS AB Aims: To evaluate the numbers and selected phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and enterococci in gull faeces at representative Great Lakes swimming beaches in the United States. Methods and Results: E. coli and enterococci were enumerated in gull faeces by membrane filtration. E. coli genotypes (rep-PCR genomic profiles) and E. coli (Vitek(R) GNI+) and enterococci (API(R) rapid ID 32 Strep and resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin) phenotypes were determined for isolates obtained from gull faeces both early and late in the swimming season. Identical E. coli genotypes were obtained only from single gull faecal samples but most faecal samples yielded more than one genotype (median of eight genotypes for samples with 10 isolates). E. coli isolates from the same site that clustered at greater than or equal to85% similarity were from the same sampling date and shared phenotypic characteristics, and at this similarity level there was population overlap between the two geographically isolated beach sites. Enterococcus API(R) profiles varied with sampling date. Gull enterococci displayed wide variation in antibiotic resistance patterns, and high-level resistance to some antibiotics. Conclusions: Gull faeces could be a major contributor of E. coli (10(5)-10(9) CFU g(-1)) and enterococci (10(4)-10(8) CFU g(-1)) to Great Lakes recreational waters. E. coli and enterococci in gull faeces are highly variable with respect to their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and may exhibit temporal or geographic trends in these features. Significance and Impact of the Study: The high degree of variation in genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of E. coli or enterococci populations within gull hosts will require extensive sampling for adequate characterization, and will influence methods that use these characteristics to determine faecal contamination sources for recreational waters. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. US Geol Survey, Porter, IN USA. RP Fogarty, LR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. NR 43 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 94 IS 5 BP 865 EP 878 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01910.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 666QQ UT WOS:000182188300013 PM 12694452 ER PT J AU Gatenby, CM Orcutt, DM Kreeger, DA Parker, BC Jones, VA Neves, RJ AF Gatenby, CM Orcutt, DM Kreeger, DA Parker, BC Jones, VA Neves, RJ TI Biochemical composition of three algal species proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bracteacoccus grandis; carbohydrate; fatty acids; freshwater mussels; lipids; Neochloris oleoabundans; Phaeodactylum tricornutum; protein; sterols ID DIFFERENT CULTURE CONDITIONS; UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; OSTREA-EDULIS L; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; LIPID-COMPOSITION; DIETARY-PROTEIN; MYTILUS-EDULIS; PHAEODACTYLUM-TRICORNUTUM; NEOCHLORIS-OLEOABUNDANS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB To identify potential diets for rearing captive freshwater mussels, the protein, carbohydrate (CHO), and lipid contents of two green algae, Neochloris oleoabundans, Bracteacoccus grandis, and one diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were compared at different growth stages. The fatty acid and sterol composition were also identified. Protein was greatest (55-70%) for all species at late log growth stage (LL), and declined in late stationary (LS) growth. CHO was greatest at LS stage for all species (33.9-56.4% dry wt). No significant change in lipid levels occurred with growth stage, but tended to increase in N. oleoabundans. Mean lipid content differed significantly in the order: N. oleoabundans > P. tricornutum > B. grandis. Total fatty acids (TFA) were higher at LS stage compared to other stages in the two green algae, and stationary stage in the diatom. Mean unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) as %TFA was significantly higher in N. oleoabundans than the other species. The green algae contained high percentages of C-18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), while the diatom was abundant in C-16 saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids and C-20 PUFA fatty acids. Growth stage had no effect on sterol concentration of any species. B. grandis showed significantly higher sterol levels than the other species except P. tricornutum at S stage. B. grandis was characterized by predominantly Delta(5), C-29 sterols, while N. oleoabundans synthesized Delta(5,7), Delta(5,7,22), and Delta(7), C-28 sterols. P. tricornutum produced primarily a Delta(5,22), C-28 sterol, and a small amount of a Delta(7,22), C-28 sterol. C1 Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol Physiol & Weed Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Gatenby, CM (reprint author), Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, 19th & Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM gatenby@acnatsci.org NR 57 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/A:1022929423011 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 659GD UT WOS:000181768200001 ER PT J AU Qian, H Song, JS Krestov, P Guo, QF Wu, ZM Shen, XS Guo, XS AF Qian, H Song, JS Krestov, P Guo, QF Wu, ZM Shen, XS Guo, XS TI Large-scale phytogeographical patterns in East Asia in relation to latitudinal and climatic gradients SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; cold tolerance; East Asia; floristics; latitudinal gradient; regionalization; vascular plants ID VASCULAR PLANT GENERA; NORTH-AMERICA NORTH; FLORISTIC ANALYSIS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TERTIARY; MODEL; ANGIOSPERM; HEMISPHERE; RANGE; CHINA AB Aim This paper aims at determining how different floristic elements (e.g. cosmopolitan, tropical, and temperate) change with latitude and major climate factors, and how latitude affects the floristic relationships between East Asia and the other parts of the world. Location East Asia from the Arctic to tropical regions, an area crossing over 50degrees of latitudes and covering the eastern part of China, Korea, Japan and the eastern part of Russia. Methods East Asia is divided into forty-five geographical regions. Based on the similarity of their world-wide distributional patterns, a total of 2808 indigenous genera of seed plants found in East Asia were grouped into fourteen geographical elements, belonging to three major categories (cosmopolitan, tropical and temperate). The 50degrees-long latitudinal gradient of East Asia was divided into five latitudinal zones, each of c. 10degrees. Phytogeographical relationships of East Asia to latitude and climatic variables were examined based on the forty-five regional floras. Results Among all geographical and climatic variables considered, latitude showed the strongest relationship to phytogeographical composition. Tropical genera (with pantropical, amphi-Pacific tropical, palaeotropical, tropical Asia-tropical Australia, tropical Asia-tropical Africa and tropical Asia geographical elements combined) accounted for c. 80% of the total genera at latitude 20degreesN and for c. 0% at latitude 55-60degreesN. In contrast, temperate genera (including holarctic, eastern Asia-North America, temperate Eurasia, temperate Asia, Mediterranean, western Asia to central Asia, central Asia and eastern Asia geographical elements) accounted for 15.5% in the southernmost latitude and for 80% at 55-60degreesN, from where northward the percentage tended to level off. The proportion of cosmopolitan genera increased gradually with latitude from 5% at the southernmost latitude to 21% at 55-60degreesN, where it levelled off northward. In general, the genera present in a more northerly flora are a subset of the genera present in a more southerly flora. Main conclusions The large-scale patterns of phytogeography in East Asia are strongly related to latitude, which covaries with several climatic variables such as temperature. Evolutionary processes such as the adaptation of plants to cold climates and current and past land connections are likely responsible for the observed latitudinal patterns. C1 Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. Andong Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Andong, South Korea. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol & Soil Sci, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND USA. Anhui Agr Univ, Dept Forestry, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. NW Sci Tech Univ Agr & Forestry, Coll Life Sci, Yangling, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Qian, H (reprint author), Illinois State Museum, Res & Collect Ctr, 1011 E Ash St, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009; Krestov, Pavel/C-4226-2011; Krestov, Pavel/F-1923-2016 OI Krestov, Pavel/0000-0001-7601-0588; Krestov, Pavel/0000-0001-7601-0588 NR 82 TC 40 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00807.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 635JC UT WOS:000180394900009 ER PT J AU Wayland, KG Long, DT Hyndman, DW Pijanowski, BC Woodhams, SM Haack, SK AF Wayland, KG Long, DT Hyndman, DW Pijanowski, BC Woodhams, SM Haack, SK TI Identifying relationships between baseflow geochemistry and land use with synoptic sampling and R-mode factor analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; GROUND-WATER; RIVER BASIN; FLOW; CHEMISTRY; CATCHMENT; PATTERNS; STREAMS; BIODIVERSITY; POLLUTION AB The relationship between land use and stream chemistry is often explored through synoptic sampling of rivers at baseflow conditions, However, baseflow chemistry is likely to vary temporally and spatially with land use. The purpose of our study is to examine the usefulness of the synoptic sampling approach for identifying the relationship between complex land use configurations and stream water quality. This study compares biogeochemical data from three synoptic sampling events representing the temporal variability of baseflow chemistry and land use using R-mode factor analysis. Separate R-mode factor analyses of the data from individual sampling events yielded only two consistent factors. Agricultural activity was associated with elevated levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, alkalinity, and frequently K+, SP42-, and NO3 .Urban areas were associated with higher concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl-. Other retained factors were not consistent among sampling events, and some factors were difficult to interpret in the context of biogeochemical sources and processes. When all data were combined, further associations were revealed such as an inverse relationship between the proportion of wetlands and stream nitrate concentrations. We also found that barren lands were associated with elevated sulfate levels. This research suggests that an individual sampling event is unlikely to characterize adequately the complex processes controlling interactions between land use and stream chemistry. Combining data collected over two years during three synoptic sampling events appears to enhance our ability to understand processes linking stream chemistry and land use. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Long, DT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010 NR 51 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 180 EP 190 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662NJ UT WOS:000181953400021 PM 12549557 ER PT J AU Baskaran, M Hong, GH Dayton, S Bodkin, JL Kelley, JJ AF Baskaran, M Hong, GH Dayton, S Bodkin, JL Kelley, JJ TI Temporal variations of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in sea otter skull tissue in the North Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Amchitka; radionuclide leakage; Pu-239,Pu-240; Pb-210 in bone; sea otters ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; FOOD-CHAIN; SEDIMENTS; PB-210; CALIFORNIA; PLUTONIUM; ISOTOPES; PATTERNS; ALASKA; CS-137 AB Marine mammals being among the top predators in the food web tend to accumulate organic and inorganic contaminants from the environment. The body burden of contaminants in these species could reflect their foods and thus contaminant levels could serve as proxies on the changes of ecosystem. A pilot study was carried out to investigate the possibility of radio-nuclide leakage at Amchitka using a suite of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) skulls collected near Amchitka nuclear test-sites before (1950s) and after the testing (1990s), and at Adak, another Aleutian Island, about 300 km from Amchitka, where, the potential impact of radionuclide leakage from, Amchitka is expected to be negligible. In addition, the naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclide content on the sea otter skull was also utilized to investigate if there was any significant ecosystem changes in the environment. Concentration of Pb-210 in sea otter bones collected during the 1950s was significantly higher than those collected in the 1990s. We propose that among the various factors that could cause this higher enrichment in Pb-210, changes in the sea otter prey is the most likely one. Comparison of the Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu-239,Pu-240 concentrations appear not to be significantly higher in sea otter skulls collected in 1990s from Amchitka where the underground tests in 1965-71 than those from Adak, although significant differences were detected among different groups collected at various times. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Aleutian Pribilof Isl Assoc Inc, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul 425600, South Korea. RP Baskaran, M (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Geol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 AR PII S0265-931X(02)00036-X PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618EZ UT WOS:000179406900001 PM 12469767 ER PT J AU Foster, GD Miller, CV Huff, TB Roberts, E AF Foster, GD Miller, CV Huff, TB Roberts, E TI Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in transport in two Atlantic coastal plain tributaries and loadings to Chesapeake bay SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE pesticides; PAHs; PCBs; Chesapeake bay; loadings; tributaries ID ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; RIVER BASIN; WATER; ATRAZINE; SEDIMENT; PCBS; PAHS; USA AB Concentrations of current-use pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine (OC) insecticides were determined above the reach of tide in the Chesterville Branch and Nanticoke River on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay during base-flow and storm-flow hydrologic regimes to evaluate mass transport to Chesapeake Bay. The two rivers monitored showed relatively high concentrations of atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in comparison to previously investigated western shore tributaries, and reflected the predominant agricultural land use in the eastern shore watersheds. The four current use pesticides showed the greatest seasonal contribution to annual loadings to tidal waters of Chesapeake Bay from the two rivers, and the relative order of annual loadings for the other contaminant classes was PAHs > PCBs > OC insecticides. Annual loadings normalized to the landscape areas of selected Chesapeake Bay watersheds showed correlations to identifiable source areas, with the highest pesticide yields (g/km(2)/yr) occurring in eastern shore agricultural landscapes, and the highest PAH yields derived from urban regions. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USGS, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Foster, GD (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1177 EP 1200 DI 10.1081/ESE-120021119 PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706MT UT WOS:000184458000001 PM 12916845 ER PT J AU Letcher, BH Gries, G AF Letcher, BH Gries, G TI Effects of life history variation on size and growth in stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; life-history; seasonal variation; individual; Salmo salar ID PRECOCIOUS SEXUAL-MATURATION; STANDARD METABOLIC-RATE; SALAR L; BALTIC SALMON; SOCIAL-STATUS; MALE PARR; SURVIVAL; SMOLTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; MATURITY AB A large size variation amongst life histories for stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was found and the relative effect of life histories on size varied over time. As early as December (age 0+ years), fish that later smolted at age 2+ years were significantly larger than fish that did not smolt at age 2+ years. In contrast, there were no mass differences at age 0+ years between fish that would mature or not at age 1+ years (October). The mass differences between smolts and non-smolts persisted until smolting, and differences between mature and immature fish First appeared in May (age 1+ years). Following September (age 1+ years), there was also a significant interaction between smolting and maturity. Previously mature and immature age 2+ year smolts were not significantly different in size, but immature age 2+ year non-smolts were much lighter than mature age 2+ year non-smolts. Based on mass differences, the apparent 'decision' to smolt occurred c. 5 months before (winter, age 0+ years) the decision to mature (late spring, age 1+ years). In addition to strong seasonal growth variation, sizes of freshwater Atlantic salmon were largely structured by the complex interaction between smolt-age and maturity (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Letcher, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1046/j.0022-1112.2003.00009.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 726ZK UT WOS:000185631300008 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Lindholm, J Schaub, S Funnell, G Kaufman, LS Valentine, PC AF Auster, PJ Lindholm, J Schaub, S Funnell, G Kaufman, LS Valentine, PC TI Use of sand wave habitats by silver hake SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; flow refuges; landscaped; Merluccius bilinearis; social foraging; video ID MERLUCCIUS-BILINEARIS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FOOD AB Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis are common members of fish communities in sand wave habitats on Georges Bank and on Stellwagen Bank in the Gulf of Maine. Observations of fish size 1 sand wave period showed that silver hake are not randomly distributed within sand wave landscapes. Regression analyses showed a significant positive relationship between sand wave period and Fish length. Correlation coefficients, however, were low, suggesting other interactions with sand wave morphology, the range of current velocities, and available prey may also influence their distribution. Direct contact with sand wave habitats varied over diel periods, with more fish resting on the seafloor during daytime than at night. Social foraging, in the form of polarized groups of fish swimming in linear formations during crepuscular and daytime periods, was also observed. Sand wave habitats may provide shelter from current flows and mediate fish-prey interactions. (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1046/j.0022-1112.2003.00016.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 726ZK UT WOS:000185631300011 ER PT J AU Jittinandana, S Kenney, PB Slider, SD Mazik, P Bebak-Williams, J Hankins, JA AF Jittinandana, S Kenney, PB Slider, SD Mazik, P Bebak-Williams, J Hankins, JA TI Effect of fish attributes and handling stress on quality of smoked Arctic char fillets SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arctic char; muscle quality; stress; smoked fillets; composition ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; POSTMORTEM CHANGES; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; RIGOR-MORTIS; WHITE MUSCLE; SIZE; CARP AB Arctic char hatched at 6.5 and 9.5 degreesC and later divided into large, medium, and small size groups were assigned to processing (1) without handling stress, (2) immediately after handling stress, (3) at 24 h after handling stress, and (4) at 48 h after handling stress. Stress reduced gut weight and muscle a* value, increased muscle L* for the 9.5 degreesC group, decreased muscle L* for the 6.5 degreesC group, and increased flllet weight loss after brining. Fillets from the stressed, 9.5 degreesC group absorbed more brine, increasing salt and ash content of smoked products. A 24-h stress recovery decreased total- and water-phase salt. Fish hatched at 9.5 degreesC appeared to be more sensitive to handling stress than fish hatched at 6.5 degreesC. A 48-h stress recovery increased gut weight and enhanced muscle L*. C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, USGS, BRD, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Inst Freshwater, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Kenney, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14114.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 646TA UT WOS:000181049300010 ER PT J AU Lasrado, JA Santerre, CR Zajicek, JL Stahl, JR Tillitt, DE Deardorff, D AF Lasrado, JA Santerre, CR Zajicek, JL Stahl, JR Tillitt, DE Deardorff, D TI Determination of PCBs in fish using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fish; ELISA; Aroclors; PCB; organochlorine residues ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in fish tissue using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Standard curves for Aroclor 1248, 1254, and 1260 in catfish tissue were developed with ranges from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm and 0.5 to 5.0 ppm. Wild fish were initially analyzed using gas chromatography/electron-capture detection (GC/ECD) and those having residues within the standard curve ranges were analyzed with ELISA. Results obtained using ELISA and GC/ECD were not significantly different (p < 0.05)from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm. From 0.5 to 5.0 ppm, the standard curve for Aroclor 1254 was the best predictor of total PCB in wild fish samples. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Indiana Dept Environm Management, Indianapolis, IN 46206 USA. Strateg Diagnost Inc, St Petersburg 197022, Russia. RP Santerre, CR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, 700 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM santerre@purdue.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 133 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14128.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 646TA UT WOS:000181049300024 ER PT J AU Harrison, XD Raymond, CF Echelmeyer, KA Krimmel, RM AF Harrison, XD Raymond, CF Echelmeyer, KA Krimmel, RM TI A macroscopic approach to glacier dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; TIME-SCALE; MODEL AB A simple approach to glacier dynamics is explored in which there is postulated to be a relationship between area and volume with three parameters: the time for area to respond to changes in volume, a thickness scale, and an area characterizing the condition of the initial state. This approach gives a good fit to the measurements of cumulative balance and area on South Cascade Glacier from 1970-97; the area time-scale is roughly 8 years, the thickness scale about 123 in, and the 1970 area roughly 4% larger than required for adjustment with volume. Combining this relationship with a version of mass continuity expressed in terms of area and volume produces a theory of glacier area and volume response to climate in which another time constant, the volume time-scale, appears. Area and volume both respond like a damped spring and mass system. The damping of the South Cascade response is approximately critical, and the volume time-scale is roughly 48 years, six times the area time-scale. The critically damped spring and mass analogy reproduces the time dependence predicted by the more complicated traditional theory of Nye. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. RP Harrison, XD (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM harrison@gz.alaska.edu NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2003 VL 49 IS 164 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 771DV UT WOS:000188771100003 ER PT J AU McQuown, E Krueger, CC Kincaid, HL Gall, GAE May, B AF McQuown, E Krueger, CC Kincaid, HL Gall, GAE May, B TI Genetic comparison of lake sturgeon populations: Differentiation based on allelic frequencies at seven microsatellite loci SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake sturgeon; genetics; microsatellites; population structure; conservation ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WISCONSIN-MICHIGAN; MENOMINEE RIVER; ST-LAWRENCE; ONTARIO; QUEBEC; SCAPHIRHYNCHUS; CONSERVATION; INHERITANCE AB The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) has recently become a high priority for restoration management because of the near extinction of the species from many areas of North America. The identification of the level of population differentiation that naturally exists among lake sturgeon populations will be useful in the development of management plans to conserve and restore diversity, and in the choice of donor populations to use for re-introduction. Genetic variation among and within 210 lake sturgeon collected from seven locations (St. Lawrence River, Des Prairies River (tributary to the St. Lawrence River), Mattagami River (Hudson Bay drainage), Menominee River (Lake Michigan drainage), Wolf River (Lake Michigan drainage), Niagara River, and Lake Erie) was examined based on allelic variation at seven microsatellite loci (four disomic and three putative tetrasomic). High levels of variability were detected at these loci. Analyses revealed an average of 8.6 alleles per locus (range 5 to 12 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity values at the four disomic loci ranging from 0.46 to 0.66. Multivariate factor analysis of Nei's genetic distance values produced three distinct population groups that were organized by geography: 1) Mattagami (northern Quebec), 2) Menominee/ Wolf (Lake Michigan-Wisconsin), and 3) St. Lawrence/ Des Prairies/ Niagara/ Erie (lower Great Lakes). Differences based on G-tests summed over all loci occurred between all possible paired comparisons of the collections (P < 0.01). These analyses indicated that lake sturgeon populations are differentiated within the Great Lakes basin. Managers of this species will need to identify individual populations in their jurisdictions and provide separate consideration for their conservation and rehabilitation. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, No Appalachian Res Lab, Biol Resources Div, Wellsboro, PA 16901 USA. RP McQuown, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000002 ER PT J AU Hall, SR Pauliukonis, NK Mills, EL Rudstam, LG Schneider, CP Lary, SJ Arrhenius, F AF Hall, SR Pauliukonis, NK Mills, EL Rudstam, LG Schneider, CP Lary, SJ Arrhenius, F TI A comparison of total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and zooplankton in embayment, nearshore, and offshore habitats of Lake Ontario SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dreissenids; embayments; Lake Ontario; nearshore; oligotrophication; offshore ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; LOWER GREAT-LAKES; 2 INDEX STATIONS; PELAGIC FOOD-WEB; SAGINAW BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; MICHIGAN; BIOMASS; FISH AB Lower trophic levels were compared in embayment, nearshore, and offshore habitats of Lake Ontario, 1995 to 1997, in the context of oligotrophication and invasion of dreissenid mussels. Total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (chl a), Secchi disk depth, temperature, and zooplankton were measured to spatially and temporally contrast these habitats and to test for recently hypothesized "decoupling" of chl a from TP (lower than predicted chl a per unit TP, consistent with dreissenid mussel grazing). The embayment habitat had higher concentrations of TP and chl a, greater volumetric zooplankton density and biomass, and higher springtime water temperatures than both nearshore and offshore habitats, while overall areal zooplankton biomass was highest in the offshore. Furthermore, concentrations of TP and volumetric zooplankton density in nearshore habitats are now more similar to the offshore pelagia than they were three decades ago. Finally, a lower yield of chl a per unit TP was found in nearshore habitat compared to offshore and embayment habitats. The current lower yield of chl a per unit TP in nearshore habitat can be attributed more to Dreissena than to erosion and/or resuspension of sediments. C1 Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Cape Vincent Fisheries Res Stn, Cape Vincent, NY 13618 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lower Great Lakes Fisheries Resources Off, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. RP Mills, EL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Biol Field Stn, Dept Nat Resources, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. NR 62 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 21 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 54 EP 69 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000006 ER PT J AU Spencer, DR Hudson, PL AF Spencer, DR Hudson, PL TI The Oligochaeta (Annelida, Clitellata) of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes region: An update SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Oligochaeta; St. Lawrence Great Lakes; distribution ID GENUS PELOSCOLEX OLIGOCHAETA; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; NAIDIDAE OLIGOCHAETA; ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; NEARSHORE ZONE; GEORGIAN BAY AB An updated oligochaete species list for the Great Lakes region is provided. The list was developed through the reexamination of the taxa reported in a previous report in 1980, addition of new taxa or records collected from the region since 1980, and an update of taxonomy commensurate with systematic and nomenclatural changes over the intervening years since the last review. The authors found 74 papers mentioning Great Lakes oligochaete species. The majority of these papers were published in the 1980s. The literature review and additional collections resulted in 15 species being added to the previous list. Nine taxa were removed from the previous list due to misidentification, synonymies, level of identification, or inability to confirm the identity. Based on this review, 101 species of Oligochaeta are now known from the St. Lawrence Great Lakes watershed. Of these, 95 species are known from the St. Lawrence Great Lakes proper, with an additional 6 species recorded from the inland waters of the watershed. The greatest diversity of oligochaete species was found in the inland waters of the region (81) followed by Lake Huron (72), Lake Ontario (65), Lake Erie (64), Lake Superior (63), Lake Michigan (62), St. Marys River (60), Niagara River (49), Saginaw Bay (44), St. Clair River (37), Lake St. Clair (36), St. Lawrence River (27), and the Detroit River (21). Three species are suspected of being introduced, Branchiura sowerbyi, Gianius aquaedulcis and Ripistes parasita, and two are believed to be endemic, Thalassodrilus hallae and Teneridrilus flexus. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hudson, PL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 137 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 89 EP 104 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000009 ER PT J AU Jones, ML Bergstedt, RA Tvohey, MB Fodale, MF Cuddy, DW Slades, JW AF Jones, ML Bergstedt, RA Tvohey, MB Fodale, MF Cuddy, DW Slades, JW TI Compensatory mechanisms in great lakes sea lamprey populations: Implications for alternative control strategies SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stock-recruitment; sea lamprey; density dependence; population dynamics ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; LARVAL LAMPREYS; BROOK LAMPREY; GROWTH; METAMORPHOSIS; MANAGEMENT; MICHIGAN; DENSITY; FOOD AB Compensatory mechanisms are demographic processes that tend to increase population growth rates at lower population density. These processes will tend to reduce the effectiveness of actions that use controls on reproductive success to suppress sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), an economically important pest in the Great Lakes. Historical evidence for compensatory mechanisms in sea lamprey populations was reviewed, and revealed: (1) strong evidence for shifts in sex ratios as sea lamprey abundance was reduced in the early years of the control program; (2) weak and equivocal evidence for increased growth rates of sea lamprey cohorts re-colonizing streams following a lampricide treatment; and (3) suggestions of other compensatory processes, such as earlier ages at metamorphosis, but with little empirical evidence. Larval size distribution data for cohorts in the first and second years following a lampricide treatment (26 pairs of cohorts in 20 streams) was analyzed and did not indicate a consistent pattern of more rapid growth of the first colonizing cohort (only 11 of 33 cases). To test for compensation between spawning and age-1 in sea lamprey populations, data were analyzed for 49 stream-years for which spawning female abundance was known and age-1 abundance was estimated in the following year. A fit of these data to a Ricker stock-recruitment function showed evidence for compensation, measured as reduced survival to age 1 at higher abundance of spawning females. More obvious, however, was a large amount of density-independent variation in survival, which tends to mask evidence for compensatory survival. The results were applied to a simple model that simulates sea lamprey populations and their control in a hypothetical lake. Control strategies that targeted reproductive success performed far less well than comparable strategies that targeted larval populations, because density-independent recruitment variation leads to occasional strong year classes even when spawner abundance is reduced to low levels through alternative control. It is concluded that further study of recruitment variation in lamprey populations is critical to rationalizing alternative controls that target reproductive success, and that recruitment variation needs to be incorporated into models used to evaluate sea lamprey control options. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. RP Jones, ML (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jonesm30@msu.edu NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 113 EP 129 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300008 ER PT J AU Yang, XA Peterson, DS Baumann, PC Lin, ELC AF Yang, XA Peterson, DS Baumann, PC Lin, ELC TI Fish biliary PAH metabolites estimated by fixed-wavelength fluorescence as an indicator of environmental exposure and effects SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PAH metabolites; fixed-wavelength fluorescence; brown bullhead; lesion; barbel abnormality; Lake Erie tributary ID BULLHEADS AMEIURUS-NEBULOSUS; SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BROWN BULLHEAD; GREAT-LAKES; PUGET-SOUND; HEPATIC-LESIONS; BILE; WASHINGTON; SEDIMENTS AB Biliary polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites have been studied since the mid 1980s as an indicator of exposure of fish to PAHs. However, the measurements of PAH metabolites are often costly and time-consuming. A simple and rapid method, fixed-wavelength fluorescence (FF), was used to measure the concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P)-type and naphthalene (NAPH)-type PAH metabolites in the bile of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from Old Woman Creek, Ottawa River, Cuyahoga River-harbor and Cuyahoga River-upstream. The biliary PAH metabolites in fish from the less contaminated Old Woman Creek were significantly lower than those from the industrially contaminated Ottawa and Cuyahoga rivers. The levels of biliary PAH metabolites were found to be related to the PAH sediment contamination for the four sites except Cuyahoga River-upstream, and to the prevalence of fish barbel abnormalities and external raised lesions observed in all rivers except Ottawa. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the occurrence of barbel abnormalities and concentrations of biliary NAPH-type metabolites and between the occurrence of raised lesions and concentrations of B[a]P-type metabolites. This study provides added evidence that FF is an effective bile analysis method for determining the exposure of fish to PAHs. This study also indicates that the measurement of PAH metabolites could help establish causal relationship between the chemical exposure and effects such as barbel abnormalities and raised lesions. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Yang, XA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 663GC UT WOS:000181997000011 ER PT J AU Slade, JW Adams, JV Cuddy, DW Neave, FB Sullivan, WP Young, RJ Fodale, MF Jones, ML AF Slade, JW Adams, JV Cuddy, DW Neave, FB Sullivan, WP Young, RJ Fodale, MF Jones, ML TI Relative contributions of sampling effort, measuring, and weighing to precision of larval sea lamprey biomass estimates SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; biomass; weight-length; Great Lakes; uncertainty ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; METAMORPHOSIS; GROWTH; AGE; LENGTH AB We developed two weight-length models from 231 populations of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) collected from tributaries of the Great Lakes: Lake Ontario (21), Lake Erie (6), Lake Huron (67), Lake Michigan (76), and Lake Superior (61). Both models were mixed models, which used population as a random effect and additional environmental factors as fixed effects. We resampled weights and lengths 1,000 times from data collected in each of 14 other populations not used to develop the models, obtaining a weight and length distribution from reach resampling. To test model performance, we applied the two weight-length models to the resampled length distributions and calculated the predicted mean weights. We also calculated the observed mean weight for each resampling and for each of the original 14 data sets. When the average of predicted means was compared to means from the original data in each stream, inclusion of environmental factors did not consistently improve the performance of the weight-length model. We estimated the variance associated with measures of abundance and mean weight for each of the 14 selected populations and determined that a conservative estimate of the proportional contribution to variance associated with estimating abundance accounted for 32% to 95% of the variance (mean = 66%). Variability in the biomass estimate appears more affected by variability in estimating abundance than in converting length to weight. Hence, efforts to improve the precision of biomass estimates would be aided most by reducing the variability associated with estimating abundance. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 1P0, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Slade, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. EM jslade@fws.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300009 ER PT J AU Slade, JW Adams, JV Christie, GC Cuddy, DW Fodale, MF Heinrich, JW Quinlan, HR Weise, JG Weisser, JW Young, RJ AF Slade, JW Adams, JV Christie, GC Cuddy, DW Fodale, MF Heinrich, JW Quinlan, HR Weise, JG Weisser, JW Young, RJ TI Techniques and methods for estimating abundance of larval and metamorphosed sea lampreys in Great Lakes tributaries,1995 to 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; Great Lakes tributaries; quantitative sampling; production estimates; ranking tributaries for lampricide treatment. ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; MANAGEMENT AB Before 1995, Great Lakes streams were selected for lampricide treatment based primarily on qualitative measures of the relative abundance of larval sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. New integrated pest management approaches required standardized quantitative measures of sea lamprey. This paper evaluates historical larval assessment techniques and data and describes how new standardized methods for estimating abundance of larval and metamorphosed sea lampreys were developed and implemented. These new methods have been used to estimate larval and metamorphosed sea lamprey abundance in about 100 Great Lakes streams annually and to rank them for lampricide treatment since 1995. Implementation of these methods has provided a quantitative means of selecting streams for treatment based on treatment cost and estimated production of metamorphosed sea lampreys, provided managers with a tool to estimate potential recruitment of sea lampreys to the Great Lakes and the ability to measure the potential consequences of not treating streams, resulting in a more justifiable allocation of resources. The empirical data produced can also be used to simulate the impacts of various control scenarios. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 1P0, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fishery Resources Off, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. RP Slade, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. EM jeff_slade@fws.gov NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 137 EP 151 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300010 ER PT J AU Christie, GC Adams, JV Steeves, TB Slade, JW Cuddy, DW Fodales, MF Young, RJ Kuc, M Jones, ML AF Christie, GC Adams, JV Steeves, TB Slade, JW Cuddy, DW Fodales, MF Young, RJ Kuc, M Jones, ML TI Selecting great lakes streams for lampricide treatment based on larval sea lamprey surveys SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; lampricide; Great Lakes; decision tool ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS AB The Empiric Stream Treatment Ranking (ESTR) system is a data-driven, model-based, decision tool for selecting Great Lakes streams for treatment with lampricide, based on estimates from larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) surveys conducted throughout the basin. The 2000 ESTR system was described and applied to larval assessment surveys conducted from 1996 to 1999. A comparative analysis of stream survey and selection data was conducted and improvements to the stream selection process were recommended. Streams were selected for treatment based on treatment cost, predicted treatment effectiveness, and the projected number of juvenile sea lampreys produced. On average, lampricide treatments were applied annually to 49 streams with 1,075 ha of larval habitat, killing 15 million larval and 514,000 juvenile sea lampreys at a total cost of $5.3 million, and marginal and mean costs of $85 and $10 per juvenile killed. The numbers of juvenile sea lampreys killed for given treatment costs showed a pattern of diminishing returns with increasing investment. Of the streams selected for treatment, those with > 14 ha of larval habitat targeted 73% of the juvenile sea lampreys for 60% of the treatment cost. Suggested improvements to the ESTR system were to improve accuracy and precision of model estimates, account for uncertainty in estimates, include all potentially productive streams in the process (not just those surveyed in the current year), consider the value of all larvae killed during treatment (not just those predicted to metamorphose the following year), use lake-specific estimates of damage, and establish formal suppression targets. C1 Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON N6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Adams, JV (reprint author), Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd,Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jean_adams@usgs.gov NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 152 EP 160 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300011 ER PT J AU Steeves, TB Slade, JW Fodale, MF Cuddy, DW Jones, ML AF Steeves, TB Slade, JW Fodale, MF Cuddy, DW Jones, ML TI Effectiveness of using backpack electrofishing gear for collecting sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae in great lakes tributaries SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE electrofishing; sampling efficiency; sea lamprey; logistic regression ID EFFICIENCY; FISH; SALMONIDS; RECAPTURE; VARIABLES; DENSITY; SIZE AB The effects of water depth, larval density, stream conductance, temperature, lamprey length, and larval escapement were examined to determine the efficiency of sampling sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using direct current (DC) backpack electrofishing gear. A higher proportion of larvae of all sizes were collected per unit sampling effort when sample sites were shallower, contained fewer larvae, or were in streams of lower specific conductance (P < 0.001). Temperature did not affect the efficiency of sampling lamprey larvae in this study. The investigation of the effect of larval escapement on observed catch was inconclusive. Similar length distributions were found between lamprey larvae collected using electrofishing gear and those collected using either a suction dredge or collected during a lampricide treatment. These results have implications for the development of a sampling protocol that uses a single-pass electrofishing technique to estimate the overall abundance of sea lamprey larvae in a stream. This estimate is critical to determining the number of larvae with the potential to metamorphose as parasitic lamprey the following year, and consequently, the prioritization of streams for lampricide treatment. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Steeves, TB (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, 1 Canal Dr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. EM Steevest@DFO-MPO.GC.CA NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 161 EP 173 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300012 ER PT J AU Bowen, AK Weisser, JW Bergstedt, RA Famoye, F AF Bowen, AK Weisser, JW Bergstedt, RA Famoye, F TI Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; electrofishing; pulse frequency; voltage gradient ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE SALMON; LAKES AB Four electrical factors that are used in pulsed DC electrofishing for larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were evaluated in two laboratory studies to determine the optimal values to induce larval emergence over a range of water temperatures and conductivities. Burrowed larvae were exposed to combinations of pulsed DC electrical factors including five pulse frequencies, three pulse patterns, and two levels of duty cycle over a range of seven voltage gradients in two separate studies conducted at water temperatures of 10, 15, and 20 C and water conductivities of 25, 200, and 900 muS/cm. A four-way analysis of variance was used to determine significant (alpha = 0.05) influences of each electrical factor on larval emergence. Multiple comparison tests with Bonferroni adjustments were used to determine which values of each factor resulted in significantly higher emergence at each temperature and conductivity. Voltage gradient and pulse frequency significantly affected emergence according to the ANOVA model at each temperature and conductivity tested. Duty cycle and pulse pattern generally did not significantly influence the model. Findings suggest that a setting of 2.0 V/cm, 3 pulses/sec, 10% duty, and 2:2 pulse pattern seems the most promising in waters of medium conductivity and across a variety of temperatures. This information provides a basis for understanding larval response to pulsed DC electrofishing gear factors and identifies electrofisher settings that show promise to increase the efficiency of the gear during assessments for burrowed sea lamprey larvae. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fishery Resources Off, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Math, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RP Bowen, AK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena Fishery Resources Off, 145 Water St, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. EM anjanette_bowen@fws.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300013 ER PT J AU Mullett, KM Bergstedt, RA AF Mullett, KM Bergstedt, RA TI Agreement among observers classifying larval sea lamprey (Pelromyzon marinus) habitat SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE observer agreement; sea lamprey; larval habitat classification ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS AB Estimates of larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) abundance are used to rank Great Lakes tributaries for lampricide treatment. Observers subjectively stratify habitat into three categories: type I = preferred, type II = acceptable, type III = unacceptable. Agreement was evaluated among eight observers classifying habitats in small discrete plots in two Lake Superior tributaries, the Rock and Chocolay rivers, and among four observers classifying and measuring the amount of each habitat type along random transects in the Rock River. Agreement among the eight observers classifying habitat plots was high (Chocolay, kappa = 0.742 and Rock, kappa = 0.785). The amounts of types I, II, and III habitat estimated were statistically different among observers. However, the amount of variability found in the classification and measurement of habitat by observers had little effect on the ranking of 51 streams considered for lampricide treatment. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Mullett, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM katherine_mullett@fws.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300014 ER PT J AU Fodale, MF Bronte, CR Bergstedt, RA Cuddy, DW Adams, JV AF Fodale, MF Bronte, CR Bergstedt, RA Cuddy, DW Adams, JV TI Classification of lentic habitat for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae using a remote seabed classification device SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE substrate; lentic; sea lamprey; habitat; thiessen polygon AB Lentic populations of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are suspected of being a major source of recruitment to parasitic stocks in some areas of the Great Lakes, and methods are needed to estimate habitat and population sizes. A deepwater electroshocker has been used to quantitatively assess larval sea lamprey populations in deepwater areas, however a method has not been developed to efficiently identify the most promising locations to sample in this environment. A remote seabed classification device (RoxAnn(TM)) was used to identify soft substrates in a lentic area where sea lamprey larvae have been found in Batchawana Bay (Ontario) in eastern Lake Superior, and related those substrate types to larval distribution and occurrence. Presence of larvae was significantly related to substrate type, distance from the stream mouth, and slope of the lake bottom. Remote seabed classification would be a useful tool in the Sea Lamprey Control Program to identify the most promising locations to conduct larval surveys in lentic areas. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Lake Super Biol Stn, Ashland, WI 54806 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Fodale, MF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM michael_fodale@fws.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 190 EP 203 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300015 ER PT J AU Henson, MP Bergstedt, RA Adams, JV AF Henson, MP Bergstedt, RA Adams, JV TI Comparison of spring measures of length, weight, and condition factor for predicting metamorphosis in two populations of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; length; weight; condition factor; metamorphosis; logistic regression ID GREAT-LAKES; WATER TEMPERATURE; PHOTOPERIOD; SUCCESSION AB The ability to predict when sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) will metamorphose from the larval phase to the parasitic phase is essential to the operation of the sea lamprey control program. During the spring of 1994, two populations of sea lamprey larvae from two rivers were captured, measured, weighed, implanted with coded wire tags, and returned to the same sites in the streams from which they were taken. Sea lampreys were recovered in the fall, after metamorphosis would have occurred, and checked for the presence of a tag. When the spring data were compared to the fall data it was found that the minimum requirements (length greater than or equal to 120 mm, weight greater than or equal to 3 g, and condition factor greater than or equal to 1.50) suggested for metamorphosis did define a pool of larvae capable of metamorphosing. However, logistic regressions that relate the probability of metamorphosis to size are necessary to predict metamorphosis in a population. The data indicated, based on cross-validation, that weight measurements alone predicted metamorphosis with greater precision than length or condition factor in both the Marengo and Amnicon rivers. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion, weight alone was a better predictor in the Amnicon River, but length and condition factor combined predicted metamorphosis better in the Marengo River. There would be no additional cost if weight alone were used instead of length. However, if length and weight were measured the gain in predictive power would not be enough to justify the additional cost. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Henson, MP (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM mary_henson@fws.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 204 EP 213 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300016 ER PT J AU Young, RJ Jones, ML Bence, JR McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Bergstedt, RA AF Young, RJ Jones, ML Bence, JR McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Bergstedt, RA TI Estimating parasitic sea lamprey abundance in Lake Huron from heterogeneous data sources SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; population abundance; inverse variance weighting; Lake Huron ID POPULATION AB The Great Lakes Fishery Commission uses time series of transformer, parasitic, and spawning population estimates to evaluate the effectiveness of its sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program. This study used an inverse variance weighting method to integrate Lake Huron sea lamprey population estimates derived from two estimation procedures: 1) prediction of the lake-wide spawning population from a regression model based on stream size and, 2) whole-lake mark and recapture estimates. In addition, we used a re-sampling procedure to evaluate the effect of trading off sampling effort between the regression and mark-recapture models. Population estimates derived from the regression model ranged from 132,000 to 377,000 while mark-recapture estimates of marked recently metamorphosed juveniles and parasitic sea lampreys ranged from 536,000 to 634,000 and 484,000 to 1, 608, 000, respectively. The precision of the estimates varied greatly among estimation procedures and years. The integrated estimate of the mark-recapture and spawner regression procedures ranged from 252,000 to 702,000 transformers. The re-sampling procedure indicated that the regression model is more sensitive to reduction in sampling effort than the mark-recapture model. Reliance on either the regression or mark-recapture model alone could produce misleading estimates of abundance of sea lampreys and the effect of the control program on sea lamprey abundance. These analyses indicate that the precision of the lake-wide population estimate can be maximized by re-allocating sampling effort from marking sea lampreys to trapping additional streams. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Young, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resource Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM youngr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 214 EP 225 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300017 ER PT J AU Bergstedt, RA McDonald, RB Mullet, KM Wright, GM Swink, WD Burnham, KP AF Bergstedt, RA McDonald, RB Mullet, KM Wright, GM Swink, WD Burnham, KP TI Mark-recapture population estimates of parasitic sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE population estimates; sea lamprey; Lake Huron ID MICHIGAN; ONTARIO; TROUT AB Metamorphosed sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were collected and marked at two points in their life cycle. Recently metamorphosed juveniles were collected from streams, marked with coded wire tags, and returned to migrate to the Great Lakes. Juveniles already in the lakes and feeding on teleost hosts were obtained from incidental catches by sport or commercial fisheries. Sea lampreys in the Great Lakes spend only 1 feeding year as parasites, and marked animals were recaptured during the spawning runs. For one marked group in each of four parasitic cohorts (feeding years 1991 to 1994) and two marked groups in each of three cohorts (feeding years 1998 to 2000) we recovered from 1.1 to 10.2 percent of marked animals. The number of metamorphosed animals present in autumn before migration to Lake Huron was estimated for five cohorts, with estimates ranging from 639 to 803 thousand. The number of feeding, parasitic animals present in Lake Huron in mid summer was estimated for five cohorts, with estimates ranging from 515,000 to 2,342,000. The larger estimates later in the parasitic year suggested that animals collected and marked from sport or commercial fisheries did not survive at the same rate as unmarked animals. It is recommended that only estimates from recaptures of animals marked in the streams before migration be used until it can be established why survival of juveniles obtained from sport or commercial fisheries might be affected. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P9A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Nunns Creek Fishery Enhancement Facil, Hessel, MI 49745 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bergstedt, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM roger_bergstedt@usgs.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 226 EP 239 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300018 ER PT J AU Mullett, KM Heinrich, JW Adams, JV Young, RJ Henson, MP McDonald, RB Fodale, MF AF Mullett, KM Heinrich, JW Adams, JV Young, RJ Henson, MP McDonald, RB Fodale, MF TI Estimating lake-wide abundance of spawning-phase sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes: Extrapolating from sampled streams using regression models SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake-wide abundance; sea lamprey; non-sampled streams; regression model ID FISH AB Lake-wide abundance of spawning-phase sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) can be used as one means to evaluate sea lamprey control efforts in the Great Lakes. Lake-wide abundance in each Great Lake was the sum of estimates for all streams thought to contribute substantial numbers of sea lampreys. A subset of these streams was sampled with traps and mark-recapture studies were conducted. When sea lampreys were captured in traps, but no mark-recapture study was conducted, abundance was estimated from a relation between trap catch and mark-recapture estimates observed in other years. In non-sampled streams, a regression model that used stream drainage area, geographic region, larval sea lamprey, production potential, the number of years since the last lampricide treatment, and spawning year was used to predict abundance of spawning-phase sea lampreys. The combination of estimates from sampled and non-sampled streams provided a 20-year time series of spawning-phase sea lamprey abundance estimates in the Great Lakes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Mullett, KM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM katherine_mullett@fws.gov NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 240 EP 252 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300019 ER PT J AU Bence, JR Bergstedt, RA Christie, GC Cochran, PA Ebener, MP Koonce, JF Rutter, MA Swink, WD AF Bence, JR Bergstedt, RA Christie, GC Cochran, PA Ebener, MP Koonce, JF Rutter, MA Swink, WD TI Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) parasite-host interactions in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE sea lamprey; functional response; lake trout; predation; wound; scar ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; PREDATION INTENSITY; SELECTIVE PREDATION; INDUCED MORTALITY; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; CASE-HISTORY; HURON; GROWTH AB Prediction of how host mortality responds to efforts to control sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) is central to the integrated management strategy for sea lamprey (IMSL) in the Great Lakes. A parasite-host submodel is used as part of this strategy, and this includes a type-2 multi-species functional response, a developmental response, but no numerical response. General patterns of host species and size selection are consistent with the model assumptions, but some observations appear to diverge. For example, some patterns in sea lamprey marking on hosts suggest increases in selectivity for less preferred hosts and lower host survival when preferred hosts are scarce. Nevertheless, many of the IMSL assumptions may be adequate under conditions targeted by fish community objectives. Of great concern is the possibility that the survival of young parasites (parasitic-phase sea lampreys) varies substantially among lakes or over time. Joint analysis of abundance estimates for parasites being produced in streams and returning spawners could address this. Data on sea lamprey marks is a critical source of information on sea lamprey activity and potential effects. Theory connecting observed marks to sea lamprey feeding activity and host mortality is reviewed. Uncertainties regarding healing and attachment times, the probability of hosts surviving attacks, and problems in consistent classification of marks have led to widely divergent estimates of damages caused by sea lamprey. Laboratory and field studies are recommended to provide a firmer linkage between host blood loss, host mortality, and observed marks on surviving hosts, so as to improve estimates of damage. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. St Marys Univ, Dept Biol, Winona, MN 55987 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Mercyhurst Coll, Dept Math, Erie, PA 16546 USA. RP Bence, JR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bence@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 118 TC 35 Z9 34 U1 14 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 253 EP 282 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300020 ER PT J AU Ebener, MP Bence, JR Bergstedt, RA Mullett, KM AF Ebener, MP Bence, JR Bergstedt, RA Mullett, KM TI Classifying sea lamprey marks on Great Lakes lake trout: Observer agreement, evidence on healing times between classes, and recommendations for reporting of marking statistics SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; lake trout; classification of sea lamprey marks; healing ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ONTARIO; PARASITISM; MORTALITY; HURON; BAY AB In 1997 and 1998 two workshops were held to evaluate how consistent observers were at classifying sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) marks on Great Lakes lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) as described in the King classification system. Two trials were held at each workshop, with group discussion between trials. Variation in counting and classifying marks was considerable, such that reporting rates for A1-A3 marks varied two to three fold among observers of the same lake trout. Observer variation was greater for classification of healing or healed marks than for fresh marks. The workshops highlighted, as causes for inconsistent mark classification, both departures from the accepted protocol for classifying marks by some agencies, and differences in how sliding and multiple marks were interpreted. Group discussions led to greater agreement in classifying marks. We recommend ways to improve the reliability of marking statistics, including the use of a dichotomous key to classify marks. Laboratory data show that healing times of marks on lake trout were much longer at 4 degreesC and 1 degreesC than at 10 degreesC and varied greatly among individuals. Reported A1-A3 and B1-B3 marks observed in late summer and fall collections likely result from a mixture of attacks by two year classes of sea lamprey. It is likely that a substantial but highly uncertain proportion of attacks that occur in late summer and fall lead to marks that are classified as A1-A3 the next spring. We recommend additional research on mark stage duration. C1 Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, InterTribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Ebener, MP (reprint author), Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, InterTribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, 179 W 3 Mile Rd, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. EM mebener@northemway.net RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 26 TC 17 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 283 EP 296 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300021 ER PT J AU Swink, WD AF Swink, WD TI Host selection and lethality of attacks by sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in laboratory studies SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; hosts; survival; predation ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; LAKE TROUT; PARASITIC LAMPREYS; WATER TEMPERATURE; GREAT-LAKES; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; ONTARIO; GROWTH; SIZE AB Parasitic-phase sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are difficult to study in the wild. A series of laboratory studies (1984-1995) of single attacks on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and burbot (Lota lota) examined host size selection; determined the effects of host size, host species, host strain, and temperature on host mortality; and estimated the weight of hosts killed per lamprey. Rainbow trout were more able and burbot less able to survive attacks than lake trout. Small sea lampreys actively selected the larger of two small hosts; larger sea lampreys attacked larger hosts in proportion to the hosts' body sizes, but actively avoided shorter hosts (less than or equal to 600 mm) when larger were available. Host mortality was significantly less for larger (43-44%) than for smaller hosts (64%). However, the yearly loss of hosts per sea lamprey was less for small hosts (range, 6.8-14.2 kg per sea lamprey) than larger hosts (range, 11.4-19.3 kg per sea lamprey). Attacks at the lower of two temperature ranges (6.1-11.8 degreesC and 11.1-15.0 degreesC) did not significantly reduce the percentage of hosts killed (54% vs. 69%, p > 0.21), but longer attachment times at lower temperatures reduced the number of hosts attacked (33 vs. 45), and produced the lowest loss of hosts (6.6 kg per sea lamprey). Low temperature appeared to offset other factors that increase host mortality. Reanalysis of 789 attacks pooled from these studies, using forward stepwise logistic regression, also identified mean daily temperature as the dominant factor affecting host mortality. Observations in Lakes Superior, Huron, and Ontario support most laboratory results. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Swink, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM william_swink@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 37 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 307 EP 319 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300023 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Cochran, PA Bergstedt, RA AF Madenjian, CP Cochran, PA Bergstedt, RA TI Seasonal patterns in growth, blood consumption, and effects on hosts by parasitic-phase sea lampreys in the Great Lakes: An individual-based model approach SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; Great Lakes; individual-based model; bioenergetics; blood consumption; lamprey-induced mortality; seasonal effects; lake trout strains ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; ONTARIO; SURVIVAL; PREDATION; MICHIGAN; HURON; SIZE AB An individual-based model (IBM) was developed for sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The IBM was then calibrated to observed growth, by season, for sea lampreys in northern Lake Huron under two different water temperature regimes: a regime experienced by Seneca-strain lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and a regime experienced by Marquette-strain lake trout. Modeling results indicated that seasonal blood consumption under the Seneca regime was very similar to that under the Marquette regime. Simulated mortality of lake trout directly due to blood removal by sea lampreys occurred at nearly twice the rate during August and September under the Marquette regime than under the Seneca regime. However, cumulative sea lamprey-induced mortality on lake trout over the entire duration of the sea lamprey's parasitic phase was only 7% higher for the Marquette regime compared with the Seneca regime. Thus, these modeling results indicated that the strain composition of the host (lake trout) population was not important in determining total number of lake trout deaths or total blood consumption attributable to the sea lamprey population, given the sea lamprey growth pattern. Regardless of water temperature regime, both blood consumption rate by sea lampreys and rate of sea lamprey-induced mortality on lake trout peaked in late October. Elevated blood consumption in late October appeared to be unrelated to changes in water temperature. The IBM approach should prove useful in optimizing control of sea lampreys in the Laurentian Great Lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. St Marys Univ, Dept Biol, Winona, MN 55987 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM chuck_madenjian@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 332 EP 346 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300025 ER PT J AU Bergstedt, RA Argyle, RL Seelye, JG Scribner, KT Curtis, GL AF Bergstedt, RA Argyle, RL Seelye, JG Scribner, KT Curtis, GL TI Situ determination of the annual thermal habitat use by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Huron SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout; temperature; archival tags; genetic strain; Lake Huron ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREY; GREAT-LAKES; PREFERRED TEMPERATURE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS; SWIMBLADDER GAS; ONTARIO; MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB Records of the temperatures occupied by 33 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at large in Lake Huron were obtained for up to 14 months per fish, at 75-minute intervals, from surgically implanted archival temperature tags. The dataset covered nearly three years, from October 1998 to June 2001, and included 160,000 observations. The objectives of the tagging were to obtain temperature data to refine bioenergetics models of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation on lake trout, and compare the temperatures occupied by strains of lake trout stocked in Lake Huron. The seasonal, thermal-use profiles of lake trout followed the general warming and cooling pattern of Lake Huron. During periods when the zone of surface water mixing extended below the depth range occupied by lake trout, variability among individual fish and strains was low and followed surface temperature. However, during the period of summer stratification, the average temperatures occupied varied substantially among individual fish and strains. Strains originating from the upper Great Lakes (Lake Superior and Lewis Lake, WY) occupied similar temperatures. Between June and mid August, upper Great Lakes lake trout typically occupied water several degrees warmer than that occupied by lake trout of Finger Lakes, New York origin. Most of the lake trout occupied summer temperatures lower than the preferred temperatures suggested by laboratory studies. In October, all strains occupied water as warm or warmer than that occupied in summer, which may partially explain the higher lethality of sea lamprey attacks during October. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Bergstedt, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM roger_bergstedt@usgs.gov NR 47 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 347 EP 361 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300026 ER PT J AU Lavis, DS Hallett, A Koon, EM McAuley, TC AF Lavis, DS Hallett, A Koon, EM McAuley, TC TI History of and advances in barriers as an alternative method to suppress sea lampreys in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; Great Lakes; barriers; dams; sea lamprey control ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; UPSTREAM AB The Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) continues to seek additional methods of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control to reduce reliance on chemical lampricides (pesticides) and increase the efficiency of the program. Barriers to migrating sea lampreys in tributaries can significantly reduce the spawning potential of sea lamprey in the Great Lakes. These barriers can be any natural or man-made structure that restricts the access of migrating sea lampreys to spawning habitat in streams. During the past four decades, the GLFC recognized a greater need to maintain current barriers to sea lamprey spawning migration and develop new, less intrusive devices to enhance the integrated sea lamprey control program. The "standard" sea lamprey barrier uses a fixed-crest height and overhanging lip to maintain a vertical drop of about 30 cm from headwater to tailwater over the period of lamprey migration. Although most sea lamprey barriers are of fixed-crest design, alternative designs (i.e., electrical, adjustable-crest, velocity, and combined fixed-crest and electrical barriers) have been built and are being tested. Between 1958 and 1999, 61 barriers of various design have been modified or installed in Great Lakes streams. The GLFC plans to add to the 61 current barriers by building additional barriers on 90 candidate streams (Lake Superior, 10; Lake Michigan, 24; Lake Huron, 23; Lake Erie, 3; Lake Ontario, 24). As we seek to expand the role of barriers in sea lamprey management, we must remain vigilant to the hundreds of existing dams known to limit stream habitat available to sea lampreys. The current movement toward dam removal and fishway construction without regard to sea lampreys could result in additional habitat becoming available to sea lampreys. The loss of one or two large dams could easily overshadow the gains made through all the purpose-built sea lamprey barriers to date. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Disheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. Int Joint Commiss, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Lavis, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 229 S Jebavy Dr, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. EM dennis_lavis@fws.gov NR 27 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 41 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 362 EP 372 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300027 ER PT J AU Edsall, TA Manny, BA Kennedy, GW AF Edsall, TA Manny, BA Kennedy, GW TI Starvation resistance in lake trout fry SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake trout fry; critical period; starvation resistance; point-of-no-return ID GREAT-LAKES; ENERGETICS; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; GROWTH AB Newly hatched fry were acclimated to 7 or 12degreesC and either fed daily (controls) or denied food for varying lengths of time and then fed daily until the end of the study (day 91 at 7degreesC and day 43 at 12degreesC). Growth was reduced by delays in the onset of feeding of 27 or more days at 7degreesC and 7 or more days at 12degreesC. Mortality of fry unfed for more than 34 days at 7degreesC, or more than 21 days at 12degreesC, was higher than among controls. Daily mortality increased with the length of the food deprivation period and did not cease immediately when food was made available, but reached zero by the end of the study. Mortality among unfed fry reached 50% in about 59 days at 7degreesC and 32 days at 12degreesC. Study results permitted calculation of the "point-of-no-return" (PNR) mortality, which included the mortality that occurred during the period of food deprivation, and also the delayed component of mortality that was directly attributable to starvation and that occurred after food was made available. The PNR for 50% mortality for food-deprived fry occurred after 52 days at 7degreesC and 24 days at 12degreesC. Thus, both measures of mortality indicate that lake trout fry would be highly resistant to death by starvation in the thermal habitat they would be expected to occupy in the Great Lakes. We conclude that a more likely adverse effect of reduced food availability would result from a reduction in growth rate that extends the length of time fry remain small and vulnerable to predation by adult alewives and other non-native fishes with which they associate. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Edsall, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729PE UT WOS:000185781700002 ER PT J AU Nichols, SJ Kennedy, G Crawford, E Allen, J French, J Black, G Blouin, M Hickey, J Chernyak, S Haas, R Thomas, M AF Nichols, SJ Kennedy, G Crawford, E Allen, J French, J Black, G Blouin, M Hickey, J Chernyak, S Haas, R Thomas, M TI Assessment of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning efforts in the lower St. Clair River, Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake sturgeon; Acipenser fulvescens; St. Clair River; round gobies; spawning reefs AB One of the most threatened remaining populations of lake sturgeon in the Great Lakes is found in the connecting channels between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Only two spawning grounds are presently known to be active in this region, and both are in the St. Clair River. The spawning reef in the St. Clair River delta has been recently colonized by round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in densities up to 25/m(2), raising concerns regarding predation on the benthic-oriented eggs and larvae of the sturgeon. Investigations in 1998-1999 showed that while round goby predation does occur, a number of other factors may be equally affecting sturgeon spawning success, including few spawning adults (< 60), suspected poaching pressure, low retention rate of eggs on the reef low hatch rate (similar to0.5%), the presence of organic contaminants, and predation from native and exotic invertebrates and fish. Overall, we estimate that less than 1% of the eggs deposited during a spawning run survive to hatch. We were able to increase the egg hatch rate to 16% by placing eggs in predator-exclusion chambers on the reef. The fate of the larvae is uncertain. Two weeks after hatching, no larvae were found on the reef. We were unable to find them anywhere else in the river, nor was predation on larvae noted in either year. There were factors other than predation affecting larval survival in 1999. There was a higher silt load on the reef than in 1998 and large numbers of dead larvae were found. Recruitment success from this site could be improved by utilizing techniques to increase the number of eggs on the reef, such as reducing the illegal take of adult fish and by placing eggs in predator-exclusion chambers to increase hatch rate. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Mt Clemens Fisheries Res Stn, Mt Clemens, MI 48043 USA. RP Nichols, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 34 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729PE UT WOS:000185781700003 ER PT J AU Klingler, GL Adams, JV Heinrich, JW AF Klingler, GL Adams, JV Heinrich, JW TI Passage of four teleost species prior to sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) migration in eight tributaries of Lake Superior, 1954 to 1979 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; migration; barriers; Great Lakes AB Seasonally operated barriers in rivers are used by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to block adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) migrations, yet pass other fish during some part of the year. Knowledge of the overlap of spawning migrations of sea lampreys and other fish species are vital for the efficient operation of the Commission's barrier program. The migration of sea lamprey spawners was compared with the migration of four other fish species using trap captures at electric barriers on eight Lake Superior tributaries during 1954 to 1979. The passage of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus), and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) prior to the capture of sea lampreys was quantified as the proportion of the annual catch of each species. Average passage over all streams and years was smallest (5%) for longnose sucker and largest (21%) for rainbow smelt. Passage prior to first sea lamprey catch was significantly different among rivers for all four species and significantly different among years for rainbow trout. Much of the variability in annual passage was unexplained by river or year effects. It is suggested that stream-specific information on run times of sea lampreys and other fishes be used to define timing of seasonal barrier operations. If barrier operations are timed to block the entire sea lamprey spawning run, then fish passage devices are needed to pass rainbow trout, rainbow smelt, longnose suckers, and white suckers. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Klingler, GL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM Gregory_Klingler@fws.gov NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300030 ER PT J AU Twohey, MB Heinrich, JW Seelye, JG Fredricks, KT Bergstedt, RA Kaye, CA Scholefield, RJ McDonald, RB Christie, GC AF Twohey, MB Heinrich, JW Seelye, JG Fredricks, KT Bergstedt, RA Kaye, CA Scholefield, RJ McDonald, RB Christie, GC TI The sterile-male-release technique in Great Lakes sea lamprey management SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; pest control; Petromyzon marinus; sterile-male release; bisazir; Great Lakes ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; BISAZIR; CHEMOSTERILANT; WATER AB The implementation of a sterile-male-release technique from 1991 through 1999 and evaluation of its effectiveness in the Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) management program is reviewed. Male sea lampreys were injected with the chemosterilant bisazir (P,P-bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methylphosphinothioic amide) using a robotic device. Quality assurance testing indicated the device delivered a consistent and effective dose of bisazir. Viability of embryos in an untreated control group was 64% compared to 1% in a treatment group. A task force developed nine hypotheses to guide implementation and evaluation of the technique. An annual average of 26,000 male sea lampreys was harvested from as many as 17 Great Lakes tributaries for use in the technique. An annual average of 16,100 sterilized males was released into 33 tributaries of Lake Superior to achieve a theoretical 59% reduction in larval production during 1991 to 1996. The average number of sterile males released in the St. Marys River increased from 4,000 during 1991 to 1996 to 20,100 during 1997 to 1999. The theoretical reduction in reproduction when combined with trapping was 57% during 1991 to 1996 and 86% during 1997 to 1999. Evaluation studies demonstrated that sterilized males were competitive and reduced production of larvae in streams. Field studies and simulation models suggest reductions in reproduction will result in fewer recruits, but there is risk of periodic high recruitment events independent of sterile-male release. Strategies to reduce reproduction will be most reliable when low densities of reproducing females are achieved. Expansion of the technique is limited by access to additional males for sterilization. Sterile-male release and other alternative controls are important in delivering integrated pest management and in reducing reliance on pesticides. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette BiolStn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Viterbo Univ, Dept Biol, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Twohey, MB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette BiolStn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM michael_twohey@fws.gov NR 56 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 25 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 410 EP 423 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300031 ER PT J AU Kaye, CA Heinrich, JW Hanson, LH McDonald, RB Slade, JW Genovese, JH Swink, WD AF Kaye, CA Heinrich, JW Hanson, LH McDonald, RB Slade, JW Genovese, JH Swink, WD TI Evaluation of strategies for the release of male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Superior for a proposed sterile-male-release program SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; biological control; sterilization; Lake Superior; behavior; nests AB Successful implementation of a sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control technique that uses sterilized males to reduce reproduction presently depends on the importation of large numbers of males outside of the target population. Strategies were examined for releasing male sea lampreys from Lakes Michigan and Huron into the Lake Superior spawning population and the ability of these introduced males to compete with resident males and spawn with resident females. During 1987, 553 (9%) of 6,324 imported fertile males released at 12 shoreline and one offshore site in Lake Superior were recaptured. Most remained within 20 km of the release site and entered the first stream encountered. During 1988, 393 (18%) of 2,208 imported fertile males released directly into three spawning rivers were recaptured. In both cases, animals released early during the spawning run were more likely to be recaptured than those released later. Introduced males successfully competed with resident males and spawned with resident females. Demonstrating that male sea lampreys could reproduce successfully when relocated supported subsequent large-scale field trials of the sterile-male-release technique. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cheboygan, MI 49721 USA. Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Kaye, CA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM Cheryl_Kaye@fws.gov NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 424 EP 434 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300032 ER PT J AU Bergstedt, RA McDonald, RB Twohey, MB Mullett, KM Young, RJ Heinrich, JW AF Bergstedt, RA McDonald, RB Twohey, MB Mullett, KM Young, RJ Heinrich, JW TI Reduction in sea lamprey hatching success due to release of sterilized males SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; sterile-male-release; chemosterilization; St. Marys River ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; CONTROL PROGRAM; PEST-CONTROL; GREAT LAKES AB Male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), sterilized by injection with bisazir, were released in Lake Superior tributaries from 1991 to 1996 and exclusively in the St. Marys River (the outflow from Lake Superior to Lake Huron) since 1997 as an alternative to chemical control. To determine effectiveness in reducing reproductive potential through the time of hatch, males were observed on nests and egg viability was determined in nests in selected Lake Superior tributaries and the St. Marys River. The proportions of sterilized males observed on nests were not significantly different than their estimated proportion in the population for all streams and years combined or for the St. Marys River alone. It was concluded that sterilized males survive, appear on the spawning grounds, and nest at near their estimated proportion in the population. There was a significant reduction in egg viability corresponding with release of sterilized males for all streams and years combined or for the St. Marys River alone. In the St. Marys River from 1993 to 2000, the percent reduction in egg viability was significantly correlated with the observed proportion of sterile males on nests. It was further concluded that sterilized males remain sterile through nesting and attract and mate with females. Reduction in reproductive potential in the St. Marys River due to both removal of females by traps and sterile-male-release ranged from 34 to 92% from 1993 to 2001 and averaged 64%. From 1999 to 2001, when the program stabilized, reductions ranged from 71 to 92% and averaged 81%. The current release of sterile males in the St. Marys River effectively reduced reproductive potential through the time of hatch and did so near theoretical levels based on numbers released, estimates of population size, and the assumptions of full sterility and competitiveness. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Ocean, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Bergstedt, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM roger_bergstedt@usgs.gov NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 435 EP 444 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300033 ER PT J AU Smith, JW Swink, WD AF Smith, JW Swink, WD TI Boll weevil eradication: A model for sea lamprey control? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE eradication; sea lamprey; boll weevil; Great Lakes ID IN-FIELD TRAPS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; COLEOPTERA-CURCULIONIDAE; PEST-MANAGEMENT; SUPPRESSION; POPULATIONS; ATTRACTANT AB Invasions of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) into the United States and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) into the Great Lakes were similar in many ways. Important species (American cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush) and the industries they supported were negatively affected. Initial control efforts were unsuccessful until pesticides and application technologies were developed. For boll weevils, controls relying on pesticides evolved into an integrated program that included recommended farming practices and poisoned baits. However, the discovery of a boll weevil sex pheromone in 1964 allowed adoption of an ongoing program of eradication. Despite opposition over concept and cost, insecticides, pheromone traps, poisoned baits, and approved farming practices were used to eradicate boll weevils from Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama by 1999. Using the working back approach along the path of the original invasion, eradication was nearly completed by 2002 in Mississippi and eradication programs were underway in Arkansas, Tennessee, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and parts of Texas. Insecticide use for cotton production decreased 50 to 90%, and cotton yields and farm income increased an average of 78 kg/ha and $190 U.S./ha in areas where boll weevils were eradicated. For sea lampreys, integrated management uses lampricides, barriers to migration, trapping, and release of sterilized males. Although sea lamprey eradication is not currently feasible, recent research on larval and sex pheromones might provide the tools to make it possible. A successful eradication program for sea lampreys starting in Lake Superior and expanding to the lower Great Lakes would ultimately provide huge ecological and economic benefits by eliminating lampricide applications, removing barriers that block teleost fishes, and facilitating the recovery of lake trout. Should the opportunity arise, the concept of sea lamprey eradication should not be rejected out of hand. The successful boll weevil eradication program shows that sea lamprey eradication might be achievable. C1 Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hamkmond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. RP Smith, JW (reprint author), Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Mississippi Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jsmith@drec.msstate.edu NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 445 EP 455 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300034 ER PT J AU Hubert, TD AF Hubert, TD TI Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide TFM: a review SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; TFM; lampricide; environmental fate; toxicity ID MIDGE CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; MODEL STREAM COMMUNITIES; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL TFM; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEA LAMPREY; IDENTIFICATION; FISH; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; PONDS AB Use of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is limited geographically to the Great Lakes basin where it is the principal agent used in control of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). It is clear from available data that TFM has effects on the environment, but the effects reported are transient. Individual organisms and aquatic communities return to pretreatment conditions after lampricide treatments have concluded. TFM is not persistent, is detoxified, and presents minimal long-term toxicological risk. TFM is relatively nontoxic to mammals. Treatment levels do not pose a threat to wildlife. However, TFM is an estrogen agonist and additional testing to define the nature and magnitude of this effect will likely be required. Because stream treatments are done on 3 to 5 year cycles, and exposures are limited to approximately 12 h, minimal risk to aquatic organisms is expected. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Hubert, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM terry_hubert@usgs.gov NR 82 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 456 EP 474 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300035 ER PT J AU Dawson, VK AF Dawson, VK TI Environmental fate and effects of the lampricide Bayluscide: a review SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayluscide; environmental fate; niclosamide ID SEA LAMPREY LARVICIDES; RAINBOW-TROUT; BAYER 73; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; MOLLUSCICIDES; NICLOSAMIDE; TOXICITY; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL; WATER; INVERTEBRATES AB Bayluscide is an additive to TFM that increases the effectiveness of TFM as a lampricide. A review of the literature was undertaken to determine the environmental fate and effects of Bayluscide. Niclosamide (2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide), the active ingredient of Bayluscide, degrades rapidly in natural water and sediment systems, however, the rate of degradation is very slow in autoclaved samples. This difference suggests that degradation under laboratory conditions is dependent on microbial activity and hydrolysis plays a minor role in degradation of niclosamide. The major degradation product of niclosamide has been reported to be aminoniclosamide (2',5-dichloro-4'-aminosalicylanilide), which represented more than 50% of the residues extractable from sediments. Significantly more of the chemical is adsorbed to sediments with higher organic content and at lower pH's. The mobility of niclosamide in soil can be characterized as slight to medium; the estimated leaching distance would range from 0 to > 25 cm depending on the soil type and pH. The active ingredient of Bayluscide (niclosamide) is decomposed by ultra-violet light depending on the intensity and duration of the exposure. The uptake of residues by most invertebrates exposed to C-14-niclosamide is fairly rapid and equilibrium is reached within 24 h. About 90% of the accumulated residues were lost within 48 h after the organisms were transferred to clean flowing water. As with invertebrates, fish rapidly accumulate and eliminate residues of niclosamide. Three distinct residues were isolated from the extracts of edible fillet tissue; parent niclosamide, the glucuronide conjugate of niclosamide, and the sulfate ester of niclosamide. Aquatic plants and agricultural crops do not appear to be adversely affected at concentrations of Bayluscide used for lamprey or snail control. Mayflies (Hexagenia sp.). tend to be susceptible to TFM, but are relatively resistant to the effects of exposure to Bayluscide. Bayluscide was originally developed as a molluscicide to eliminate snails. Therefore, it is not surprising that mollusks are extremely sensitive to Bayluscide. Oral, dermal, and ocular administration of Bayluscide to mammals resulted in no clinical signs of systemic toxicity. Tests of the chronic effects of Bayluscide indicated that it is not mutagenic or carcinogenic. Bayluscide is not persistent in the environment; it breaks down in natural water and sediment systems through hydrolysis, photolysis, and microbial degradation. Given the limited use and tight control maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service during applications of lampricides, Bayluscide presents minimal risk to human health and safety of the environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Dawson, VK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 93 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 475 EP 492 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300036 ER PT J AU Scholefield, RJ Bergstedt, RA Bills, TD AF Scholefield, RJ Bergstedt, RA Bills, TD TI Relation of concentration and exposure time to the efficacy of niclosamide against larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bayluscide; lampricide; niclosamide; Petromyzon marinus; sea lamprey ID GREAT-LAKES AB The efficacy of 2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) at various concentrations and exposure times was tested against free-swimming larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) at 12degreesC and 17degreesC in Lake Huron water. Concentrations of niclosamide in test solutions ranged from 0.46 to 4.7 mg/L with pH 7.8 to 8.3, total alkalinity 78 to 88 mg/L as CaCO3, and total hardness 95 to 105 mg/L as CaCO3. In each test, six groups of larvae were exposed to a single concentration of niclosamide for times ranging from 30 s to 30 min. Exposure time was treated as the dose and, for each concentration tested, the exposure time necessary to kill 50 and 99.9% of larvae (ET50 and ET99.9) was determined. Linear regressions of the log(10)-transformed ET50 and ET99.9 on the logo-transformed niclosamide concentrations were significant at both temperatures with r(2) ranging from 0.94 to 0.98. The predicted ET50 ranged from 58 sec to 21.7 min and the ET99.9 ranged from 2.5 to 43.5 min across the concentrations and temperatures tested. Niclosamide required a significantly longer time to kill larvae at 12degreesC than at 17degreesC. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RP Scholefield, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, 11188 Ray Rd, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. EM Ronald_Scholefield@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 493 EP 499 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300037 ER PT J AU Brege, DC Davis, DM Genovese, JH McAuley, TC Stephens, BE Westman, RW AF Brege, DC Davis, DM Genovese, JH McAuley, TC Stephens, BE Westman, RW TI Factors responsible for the reduction in quantity of the lampricide, TFM, applied annually in streams tributary to the Great Lakes from 1979 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lampricide; TFM; sea lamprey; integrated pest management ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS AB Integrated management of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes relies primarily on the application of the lampricide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), into streams to eradicate larval populations. From 1979 to 1999, 1,282 lampricide treatments were conducted on 316 streams. During the period from 1979 to 1989, an average of 52,904 kg active ingredient (kg/yr) of TFM was applied annually. This was reduced to an average of 38,698 kg/yr for the decade of 1990 to 1999. This reduction was enhanced in the years of 1995 to 1999 to an average of 34,120 kg/yr, a 36% reduction from that used in 1979 to 1989. Efforts to minimize non-target mortality and to reduce applications of pesticides into the environment were the impetus for this reduction. The three factors that influenced annual TFM use were number of streams treated and conditions during treatment, the adaptation of several management techniques to reduce TFM use, and alternative control techniques. Changes in streams selected for treatment and scheduling treatments during low stream discharge accounted for about 26% of the reduction in annual TFM use. The management techniques include lampricide treatments with a TFM/niclosamide mixture, pH/alkalinity prediction models to determine minimum TFM requirements, maintaining lampricide concentrations at or near minimum levels, computer modeled treatment planning, and single block treatments, and were responsible for about 70% of the reduction observed in the 1990s. Alternative control techniques (barrier dams) accounted for only 4% of the reduction. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Int Joint Commiss, Ottawa, ON K1C 1J3, Canada. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 5K7, Canada. RP Brege, DC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM dorance_brege@fws.gov NR 15 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 500 EP 509 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300038 ER PT J AU Bills, TD Boogaard, MA Johnson, DA Brege, DC Scholefield, RJ Westman, RW Stephens, BE AF Bills, TD Boogaard, MA Johnson, DA Brege, DC Scholefield, RJ Westman, RW Stephens, BE TI Development of a pH/alkalinity treatment model for applications of the lampricide TFM to streams tributary to the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; toxicity; pH; TFM ID ACCUMULATION; TOXICITY; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; GOLDFISH; FISH; PH; CHLOROPHENOLS; METABOLISM AB It has long been known that the toxicity of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) is influenced by chemical and physical properties of water. As the pH, conductivity, and alkalinity of water increase, greater concentrations of TFM are required to kill sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae. Consequently, the concentration of TFM required for effective treatment varies among streams. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and sea lamprey larvae were exposed to a series of TFM concentrations in a continuous-flow diluter for 12 h. Twenty five exposures were conducted at various water alkalinities and pHs that treatment personnel encounter during lampricide treatments. Survival/mortality data were analyzed for lampricide concentrations that produced 50 and 99.9% mortality (LC50 and LC99.9) for sea lamprey larvae and 25 and 50% mortality (LC25 and LC50) for brown trout. Linear regression analyses were performed for each set of tests for each selected alkalinity by comparing the 12-h post exposure LC99.9 sea lamprey data and LC25 brown trout data at each pH. Mortality data from on-site toxicity tests conducted by lampricide control personnel were compared to predicted values from the pH/alkalinity prediction model. Of the 31 tests examined, 27 resulted in the LC(100)s (lowest TFM concentration where 100% mortality of sea lamprey was observed after 12 h of exposure) falling within 0.2 mg/L of the predicted sea lamprey minimum lethal (LC99.9) range. The pH/alkalinity prediction model provides managers with an operational tool that reduces the amount of TFM required for effective treatment while minimizing the impact on non-target organisms. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Sault Ste Marie Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Bills, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM terry_bills@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 510 EP 520 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300039 ER PT J AU Johnson, DA Stephens, BE AF Johnson, DA Stephens, BE TI Historical perspective on the development of procedures for conducting on-site toxicity tests and for measuring concentrations of lampricides in the sea lamprey control program during 1957 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; lampricide; TFM; niclosamide; toxicity testing ID BAYER 73; WATER AB Pretreatment static toxicity tests were used for three decades to determine safe, effective concentrations of lampricides applied to streams to kill sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) larvae. The introduction of flow-through toxicity testing procedures greatly improved the accuracy and applicability of data generated in pretreatment toxicity tests, and provided a means of assessing potential effects of lampricides on nontarget organisms. Accurate, reliable methods of determining concentrations of lampricides in water have been a critical part of the program for chemical control of sea lampreys since its beginning. The use of colorimeters provided reasonably precise and accurate measurements of concentrations of TFM for three decades until the introduction of the Sequoia-Turner spectrophotometer. Recent standardization of methods among all treatment crews has resulted in a universal method of analysis that focuses on the quality of resulting data. Analyses for niclosamide, the active ingredient of Bayluscide, in water are more difficult due to the low concentrations (mug/L) applied to streams. After brief reliance on colorimetric and gas-liquid chromatographic methods, high performance liquid chromatography is currently used for all Bayluscide analyses. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Johnson, DA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM david_johnson@fws.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 521 EP 528 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300040 ER PT J AU Boogaard, MA Bills, TD Johnson, DA AF Boogaard, MA Bills, TD Johnson, DA TI Acute toxicity of TFM and a TFM/niclosamide mixture to selected species of fish, including lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) and mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus), in laboratory and field exposures SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE toxicity; lampricide; non-target; fish; mudpuppies AB The toxicity of the lampricides 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide) to non-target fishes has been a major point of concern since their use to control larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations began in the early 1960s. The toxicity of TFM to several non-target fish species has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, little information is available on the toxicity of the TFM/1% niclosamide mixture. One species of particular concern is the lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Juvenile lake sturgeon of several size ranges were exposed to determine potential effects of the lampricides to individuals present in treatment streams. Sac fry were most resistant to the lampricides followed by fingerlings in the 200 to 225 mm size range. Swim-up fry and fingerlings less than 100 mm were the most sensitive. Concentrations that produced 50% mortality (LC50s) in juvenile lake sturgeon of these smaller size ranges were at, or near the minimum lethal concentrations (MLCs) required for effective control of larval sea lampreys. The mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus), an amphibian native to several tributaries of the Great Lakes, have also become a species of interest in recent years. Laboratory tests conducted with TFM and a TFM/1% niclosamide mixture on adult mudpuppies indicate that although the amphibian is sensitive to the lampricides, an adequate margin of safety exists for adult mudpuppies to survive when exposed during stream treatments. Fifteen other fish species native to streams treated with lampricides were investigated in the laboratory to determine their sensitivity to the lampricides. Centrarchids, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) were the least sensitive to TFM, while ictalurids, black bullhead (Ictalurus melas), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and tadpole madtom (Notorus gyrinus) were the most sensitive. On-site bioassays conducted before lampricide treatments also revealed that lake sturgeon, channel catfish, and whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) were sensitive to the lampricides although considerably less sensitive compared to sea lamprey. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Boogaard, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. EM michael_boogaard@usgs.gov NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 30 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 529 EP 541 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300041 ER PT J AU Waller, DL Bills, TD Boogaard, MA Johnson, DA Doolittle, TCJ AF Waller, DL Bills, TD Boogaard, MA Johnson, DA Doolittle, TCJ TI Effects of lampricide exposure on the survival, growth, and behavior of the unionid mussels Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lampricides; non-target; mussels; toxicity; narcosis ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; INVERTEBRATES; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL; TOXICITY; TFM AB The effects of a 12-h exposure to the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and a combination of TFM and 1% niclosamide (active ingredient in Bayluscide 70% wettable powder) on the short and long-term (10 mo post exposure) survival and behavior of two unionid freshwater mussel species Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta were measured. Growth of juvenile E. complanata mussels 10 months after exposure was also compared. Toxicity was determined after 12 h exposures at maximum concentrations from 2- to 2.5- fold higher than the LC99 for sea lamprey larvae. A logistic model was used to estimate the probability of survival among treatments, trials, species, and sizes. Mortality was minimal in all test concentrations of TFM alone and the TFM/1% niclosamide combination. Estimated survival decreased 6% for each unit increase in the relative toxicity of TFM. Survival was greater for E. complanata than for P. cataracta, and for adults relative to juveniles. Lampricide treatment caused narcotization of both mussels (defined as having gaped shells and an extended foot) in concentrations greater than or equal to LC99 for sea lamprey larvae and narcotization ranged from 0-50% among treatments. Recovery from narcosis was apparent by 12 h post-exposure and complete by 36 h post-exposure. The rate of growth of E. complanata over the 10-month post-exposure period did not vary among treatments. C1 Western Wisconsin Tech Coll, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Bad River Band Lake Super Chippewa Indians, Dept Nat Resources, Odanah, WI 54861 USA. RP Waller, DL (reprint author), Western Wisconsin Tech Coll, 304 N 6th St,POB C-0908, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. EM wallerd@western.tec.wi.us NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 542 EP 551 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300042 ER PT J AU Weisser, JW Adams, JV Schuldt, RJ Baldwin, GA Lavis, DS Slade, JW Heinrich, JW AF Weisser, JW Adams, JV Schuldt, RJ Baldwin, GA Lavis, DS Slade, JW Heinrich, JW TI Effects of repeated TFM applications on riffle macroinvertebrate communities in four Great Lakes tributaries SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lampricide; TFM; macroinvertebrate; Great Lakes ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; 3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL TFM; STREAM INVERTEBRATES; LAMPRICIDE TREATMENT; DRIFT AB As part of the sea lamprey control program in the Great Lakes, a suite of about 150 sea lamprey producing streams have been regularly treated with the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) every 3 to 5 years since 1958. State, provincial, and tribal agencies in the basin supported the use of TFM and urged that the risk to nontarget organisms be minimized. To determine the response of riffle macroinvertebrate communities to repeated TFM treatments over several years, paired samples were taken at control and treatment sites during 1986 to 1995 on four Great Lakes tributaries: the Bois Brule, West Branch Whitefish, Boardman, and Sturgeon (tributary to Cheboygan River system) rivers. Macroinvertebrates were collected in spring and fall by a standard traveling kick method. The communities were described with several metrics, and general linear models were used to test for different patterns of response in the paired control and treatment sites. Relative abundance of the class Oligochaeta, relative abundance of the genus Ephemerella, the Bray-Curtis similarity index (at the taxonomic level of order), EPT genus richness (the number of genera in the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera), and total genus richness all increased more at the treatment sites than at the control sites after TFM application. The greater increase in abundance, similarity, and richness at the treatment sites was an indication of recovery in the treatment sites, where a short-term response to TFM was followed by a several-year rebound. TFM treatments in this study during the 1980s and 1990s had no long-lasting effects on riffle macroinvertebrate communities. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. RP Weisser, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM john_weisser@fws.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 552 EP 565 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300043 ER PT J AU Heinrich, JW Mullett, KM Hansen, MJ Adams, JV Klar, GT Johnson, DA Christie, GC Young, RJ AF Heinrich, JW Mullett, KM Hansen, MJ Adams, JV Klar, GT Johnson, DA Christie, GC Young, RJ TI Sea lamprey abundance and management in Lake Superior, 1957 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Superior; sea lampreys; lake trout; TFM; lampricide; barrier; sterile-male-release ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATIONS; MICHIGAN; SURVIVAL; WATERS; HURON AB The international sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program successfully laid the foundation for rehabilitation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Superior and was well coordinated among management agencies during 1957-1999. The lampricide TFM was the primary control tool, with recurring treatments in 52 larval-producing streams. Barriers and sterile-male-release, as alternative control technologies, were significant elements of the program. Barriers blocked spawning sea lampreys from substantial areas of habitat for sea lamprey larvae during 1966-1999, and the sterile-male-release technique was used to reduce larval production during 1991-1996. Sea lamprey control resulted in the suppression of sea lamprey populations in Lake Superior, as evidenced by the linear decline in spawner abundance during 1962-1999. However, sea lamprey abundance was not as low as the targets specified in the fish community objectives. Most of the parasitic sea lampreys in Lake Superior probably originated from survivors of lampricide treatments. Self-sustaining populations of lake trout were restored in most of the lake by 1996, although many were killed annually by sea lampreys. Economic injury levels for damage to fish populations by sea lampreys are being developed and will be used to distribute sea lamprey control resources among the Great Lakes. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Heinrich, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM john_heinrich@fws.gov OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 85 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 19 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 566 EP 583 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300044 ER PT J AU Lavis, DS Henson, MP Johnson, DA Koon, EM Ollila, DJ AF Lavis, DS Henson, MP Johnson, DA Koon, EM Ollila, DJ TI Case history of sea lamprey control in Lake Michigan: 1979 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; Great Lakes; Lake Michigan ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS CONTROL; GREAT-LAKES; SUPERIOR; SURVIVAL; ATTACK AB The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program, along with the stocking of native fish species, the introduction of Pacific salmon, and the application of regulations controlling harvest, has allowed the socioeconomic and biological recovery of the Lake Michigan fishery which has been described as "spectacular." The program is now instrumental in maintaining today's fish community structure. Initial treatment of Lake Michigan tributaries with the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) reduced the number of spawning-phase sea lampreys by 85% and resulted in a noticeable recovery of the Lake Michigan fishery by 1979. Prior to 1979, sea lampreys were present in 115 of the 511 tributaries of Lake Michigan. Sea lampreys were found in four additional streams between 1978 and 1999. The greatest number of parasitic-phase sea lampreys are produced in 34 streams tributary to Lake Michigan. Between 1960 and 1999, 730 treatments were conducted in 113 Lake Michigan tributaries. The six remaining streams were not treated because few sea lampreys were present. The average number of streams treated annually declined from 21 during 1970-1979 to 12 during 1990-1999. Thirty eight percent less TFM (active ingredient) was applied annually, on average, in 1990 to 1999 (192 kg/m(3) of stream discharge) than in 1960 to 1969 (310 kg/m3 of stream discharge). Barriers specifically constructed or modified to block migrating sea lampreys are currently found on 12 Lake Michigan streams. An additional 27 potential barrier sites have been identified on Lake Michigan streams. The estimated numbers of parasitic-phase sea lampreys in Lake Michigan between 1977 and 1999 ranged from 32,000 (1979) to 105,900 (1998). The incidence of fresh sea lamprey wounds on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan was generally less than five per 100 fish in most years since 1971. Sea lampreyinduced mortality increased steadily in the 1990s, especially among large lake trout. Most mortality was in northern Lake Michigan where lake trout are more likely to be attacked by sea lampreys because of the large sea lamprey population. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. RP Lavis, DS (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 229 S Jebavy Dr, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. EM dennis_lavis@fws.gov NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 584 EP 598 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300045 ER PT J AU Morse, TJ Ebener, MP Koon, EM Morkert, SB Johnson, DA Cuddy, DW Weisser, JW Mullett, KM Genovese, JH AF Morse, TJ Ebener, MP Koon, EM Morkert, SB Johnson, DA Cuddy, DW Weisser, JW Mullett, KM Genovese, JH TI A case history of sea lamprey control in Lake Huron: 1979 to 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lake Huron; sea lamprey; great lakes; lake trout; St. Marys River ID ST-MARYS RIVER; TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; GREAT-LAKES; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM; LAMPRICIDE TREATMENT; STREAMS TRIBUTARY; TFM; MICHIGAN; COMMUNITIES AB Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control on a lake-wide basis was initiated in 1970 and eventually reduced the original population of sea lampreys in Lake Huron by nearly 85%. Although some fish populations started to rebound after the first round of lampricide treatments, the recovery was short-lived and the population of parasitic-phase sea lampreys in the lake again began to increase largely because of the uncontrolled population in the St. Marys River. By 1994, the population of parasitic-phase sea lampreys in Lake Huron exceeded the combined populations in the four other Great Lakes. Lamprey-induced mortality rates on lake trout were greater than that recommended for recovering populations of lake trout. In response to the high lamprey-induced mortality rates, lake trout (Salvelinus naymaycush) were not stocked in the northern part of the lake from 1994 until 1997, when an integrated plan for sea lamprey control was implemented in the St. Marys River. Fish community objectives for sea lampreys in Lake Huron call for a 75% reduction in parasitic sea lampreys by the year 2000 and a 90% reduction by the year 2010. The integrated approach to the control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River is projected to reduce the number of sea lampreys in Lake Huron by 85%. This exceeds the objective for 2000 and nears the objective for 2010. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Morse, TJ (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM terry_morse@fws.gov NR 54 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 599 EP 614 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300046 ER PT J AU Sullivan, WP Christie, GC Cornelius, FC Fodale, MF Johnson, DA Koonces, JF Larson, GL McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Murray, CK Ryan, PA AF Sullivan, WP Christie, GC Cornelius, FC Fodale, MF Johnson, DA Koonces, JF Larson, GL McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Murray, CK Ryan, PA TI The sea lamprey in Lake Erie: a case history SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; invasion; Lake Erie; IMSL; lake trout; trends; population models ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS POPULATIONS; GREAT-LAKES; TROUT REHABILITATION; TEMPERATURE; PHEROMONE; SUPERIOR; HURON AB Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), first reported in Lake Erie in 1921, emigrated from Lake Ontario via the Welland Canal. It was not until the advent of pollution abatement, stream rehabilitation, and salmonid enhancement programs that sea lampreys proliferated. The Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC), in co-operation with state, provincial, and federal fisheries agencies, implemented an integrated sea lamprey management (IMSL) plan for Lake Erie in 1986. Suppression of sea lampreys was nearly immediate, as indicated by declining larval-, parasitic-, and spawning-phase abundance, while survival of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was markedly improved. Consistent with their vision statement, the GLFC began reducing lampricide use by the mid-1990s, while increasing reliance on alternative control methodologies. Reduction of treatment effort coincided with the development of new lampricide application techniques and treatment selection criteria, in addition to heightened regional concern for the impact of lampricide on non-target species. Subsequently, Lake Erie's sea lamprey numbers have rebounded, and marking rates on lake trout have approached pre-control levels. It is hypothesized that Lake Erie's rising abundance is primarily fuelled by untreated and residual larval populations,although some migration of parasitic phase sea lampreys from Lake Huron is suspected. Model simulations infer that treatment effort on Lake Erie was sub-optimal from 1995 to 1998. Beginning in 1999, the GLFC enhanced measures to identify and control sources of sea lampreys. Based on historical abundance patterns and model results, it is anticipated that intensified management in Lake Erie will reduce sea lamprey numbers and provide an opportunity for lake trout restoration. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. New York Dept Environm Conservat, Great Lakes Sect, Lake Erie Unit, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. Penn Fish & Boat Commiss, Lake Erie Res Unit, Fairview, PA 16415 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Management Unit, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. RP Sullivan, WP (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. EM sullivanP@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 95 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 30 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 615 EP 636 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300047 ER PT J AU Larson, GL Christie, GC Johnson, DA Koonce, JF Mullett, KM Sullivan, WP AF Larson, GL Christie, GC Johnson, DA Koonce, JF Mullett, KM Sullivan, WP TI The history of sea lamprey control in Lake Ontario and updated estimates of suppression targets SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; Lake Ontario; IMSL; lake trout; economic injury level ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; MORTALITY; MICHIGAN; SUPERIOR; WATERS AB The Great Lakes Fishery Commission successfully coordinated fishery management and delivered an international program of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control and assessment that facilitated the rehabilitation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and development of a salmonid fishery in Lake Ontario during 1971 to 1999. During the 1980s and 1990s, the integrated management of sea lampreys (IMSL) strategy optimized control and assessment techniques and refined the stream selection process. The program focused primarily on the juvenile life stage (larval phase) through the application of the selective lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to tributaries of the lake, although the addition of barriers to Lake Ontario tributaries appears to have reduced the reliance on TFM. By 1999, IMSL had eliminated sea lampreys in 20 of the 57 tributaries with historical records of production. Accordingly, the abundance of spawning phase sea lampreys showed a significant downward trend, and substantial declines in marking rates for large lake trout were observed. Targets for control were established through the lake trout rehabilitation plan, fish community objectives, and simulation models incorporating an economic injury level (EIL) approach. The EIL for sea lamprey control is the point in which more treatment is not economically justified. The updated IMSL model developed for Lake Ontario provided a tool to support trade-off analysis to estimate target levels of sea lamprey abundance relative to lake trout harvest. Comparison of model predictions and trends in spawning phase abundance revealed general agreement, but also pointed to inconsistencies that merit further investigation. The EIL of control based on the entire treatment history is 8,100 kg TFM per year, which produces a treatment residual of 4,100 adult sea lampreys. Given recent estimates of transformer production from the Niagara River, the annual contribution from untreated sources is estimated to be in the range of 10,000 to 15,000 adult sea lampreys. The target level (EIL) for adult sea lampreys in Lake Ontario is thus 14,100 to 19,100. Over the past 10 years, Lake Ontario TFM treatments have averaged 4,600 kg per year. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Amherst Field Off, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. RP Larson, GL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Amherst Field Off, 405 N French Rd,Suite 120A, Amherst, NY 14228 USA. EM geraldine.1.larson@usace.army.mil NR 63 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 24 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 637 EP 654 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300048 ER PT J AU Marsden, JE Chipman, BD Nashett, LJ Anderson, JK Bouffard, W Durfey, L Gersmehl, JE Schoch, WF Staats, NR Zerrenner, A AF Marsden, JE Chipman, BD Nashett, LJ Anderson, JK Bouffard, W Durfey, L Gersmehl, JE Schoch, WF Staats, NR Zerrenner, A TI Sea lamprey control in Lake Champlain SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; control; TFM; Bayluscide; economic analysis; Lake Champlain ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; GREAT-LAKES; TROUT; PREDATION; MODELS AB In 1990, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and state agencies initiated an 8-year experimental sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program on Lake Champlain to reduce parasitic phase sea lamprey and increase sport fish survival and growth. Twenty-four 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) treatments were conducted on 13 tributary systems, and nine Bayluscide treatments were conducted on five deltas. Most tributaries received two rounds of treatment, 4 years apart. Trap catches of spawning-phase sea lamprey in three monitored tributaries declined by 80-90% from 1989 to 1997, but nest counts were reduced by only 57% during the same period. Sixteen of 24 TFM treatments reduced ammocoetes to less than 10% of pre-treatment levels. Eight of nine Bayluscide treatments resulted in mean ammocoete mortality rates over 85% in caged test animals. Nontarget effects were noted among amphibians, mollusks, macroinvertebrates, native lamprey, and other fishes, and were higher for Bayluscide treatments than TFM. Recovery of delta taxa occurred within 4 years after treatment. Wounding rates on lake trout and Atlantic salmon were reduced in the Main Lake basin. Catches-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and estimated angler catch of lake trout increased. A moderate (25%), statistically significant increase in survival of 3-4 yr lake trout was noted. Returns of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to tributaries increased significantly after treatment, and there was an estimated 3-fold increase in returns to the Main Lake sport fishery. Angler catches of brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were higher in 1997 than in 1990. Economic analysis of the program indicated a 3.5:1 economic benefit: cost ratio. Results indicate that the experimental control program was successful, and provide justification for continuing sea lamprey control on Lake Champlain. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Vermont Dept Fish & Wildlife, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Fisheries, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lake Champlain Fish & Wildlife Resources Off, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Marsden, JE (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Aiken Ctr, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM ellen.marsden@uvm.edu NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 11 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 655 EP 676 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300049 ER PT J AU Schleen, LP Christie, GC Heinrich, JW Bergstedt, RA Young, RJ Morse, TJ Lavis, DS Bills, TD Johnson, JE Ebener, MP AF Schleen, LP Christie, GC Heinrich, JW Bergstedt, RA Young, RJ Morse, TJ Lavis, DS Bills, TD Johnson, JE Ebener, MP TI Development and implementation of an integrated program for control of sea lampreys in the St. Marys River SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lampreys; St. Marys River; lake trout; integrated control strategy ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; LAKE-HURON AB The development and implementation of a strategy for control of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the St. Marys River formed the basis for rehabilitation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and other fish in Lakes Huron and Michigan. The control strategy was implemented by the GreatLakes Fishery Commission (GLFC) upon recommendations by the interagency Sea Lamprey Integration Committee, and many managers and scientists from United States and Canada federal, state, provincial, tribal, and private institutions. Analyses of benefits vs. costs of control options and modeling of the cumulative effects on abundance of parasitic-phase sea lampreys and lake trout produced a strategy that involved an integration of control technologies that included long- and short-term measures. The long-term measures included interference with sea lamprey reproduction by the trapping and removal of spawning-phase sea lampreys from the river and the sterilization and release of the trapped male sea lampreys. The theoretical reduction of larvae produced in the river from these two combined techniques averaged almost 90% during 1997 to 1999. Lampricide treatment with granular Bayluscide of 880 ha of plots densely populated with larvae occurred during 1998, 1999, and 2001 because modeling showed the sooner parasitic phase sea lamprey populations declined in Lake Huron the greater the improvement for restoration of lake trout during 1995 to 2015. Post-treatment assessments showed about 55% of the larvae had been removed from the river. An adaptive assessment plan predicted high probability of detection of control effects because of many available indicators. The GLFC will face several critical decisions beyond 2001, and initiated a decision analysis project to aid in those decisions. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Biol Resources Div, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, La Crosse, WI 54602 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Great Lakes Fishery Stn, Alpena, MI USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. RP Heinrich, JW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM john_heinrich@fws.gov NR 66 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 677 EP 693 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300050 ER PT J AU Fodale, MF Bergstedt, RA Cuddy, DW Adams, JV Stolyarenko, DA AF Fodale, MF Bergstedt, RA Cuddy, DW Adams, JV Stolyarenko, DA TI Planning and executing a lampricide treatment of the St. Marys River using georeferenced data SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; GIS; lampricide; Bayluscide; adaptive sampling; georeference AB The St. Marys River is believed to be the primary source of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Huron. Planning or evaluating lampricide treatments required knowing where lampricides could effectively be placed and where larvae were located. Accurate maps of larval density were therefore critical to formulating or evaluating management strategies using lampricides. Larval abundance was systematically assessed with a deepwater electrofishing device at 12,000 georeferenced locations during 1993 to 1996. Maps were produced from catches at those locations, providing georeferenced detail previously unavailable. Catches were processed with a geographic information system (GIS), to create a map of larval density. Whole-river treatment scenarios using TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) were evaluated by combining the map with one of lethal conditions predicted by a lampricide-transport model. The map was also used to evaluate spot treatment scenarios with a granular, bottom-release formulation of another lampricide, Bayluscide (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide). Potential high-density plots for Bayluscide treatment were selected from the map and estimates of area, cost, and larval population were developed using the GIS. Plots were ranked by the cost per larva killed. Spot treatments were found to be more cost effective than a conventional TFM treatment and Bayluscide was applied to 82 ha in 1998 and 759 ha in 1999. Effectiveness was estimated with stratified-random sampling before and after treatment in 1999 at 35%. Ten percent already had been removed in 1998, for a total reduction of 45% percent. This marked a change in how research and planning were combined in sea lamprey management to minimize treatment costs and evaluate success. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Geomat Ctr, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Fodale, MF (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM michael_fodale@fws.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 706 EP 716 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300052 ER PT J AU Adams, JV Bergstedt, RA Christie, GC Cuddy, DW Fodale, MF Heinrich, JW Jones, ML McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Young, RJ AF Adams, JV Bergstedt, RA Christie, GC Cuddy, DW Fodale, MF Heinrich, JW Jones, ML McDonald, RB Mullett, KM Young, RJ TI Assessing assessment: Can the expected effects of the St. Marys River sea lamprey control strategy be detected? SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE St. Marys River; Great Lakes; sea lamprey; lake trout; power analysis ID LAKE TROUT; INTERVENTION ANALYSIS; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; TIME-SERIES; HURON; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; POWER AB In 1997 the Great Lakes Fishery Commission approved a 5-year (1998 to 2002) control strategy to reduce sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) production in the St. Marys River, the primary source of parasitic sea lampreys in northern Lake Huron. An assessment plan was developed to measure the success of the control strategy and decide on subsequent control efforts. The expected effects of the St. Marys River control strategy are described, the assessments in place to measure these effects are outlined, and the ability of these assessments to detect the expected effects are quantified. Several expected changes were predicted to be detectable: abundance of parasitic-phase sea lampreys and annual mortality of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) by 2001, abundance of spawning-phase sea lampreys by 2002, and relative return rates of lake trout and sea lamprey wounding rates on lake trout by 2005. Designing an effective assessment program to quantify the consequences of fishery management actions is a critical, but often overlooked ingredient of sound fisheries management. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Geol Survey, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Adams, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM jean_adams@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 717 EP 727 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300053 ER PT J AU Haeseker, SL Jones, ML Bence, JR AF Haeseker, SL Jones, ML Bence, JR TI Estimating uncertainty in the stock-recruitment relationship for St. Marys River sea lampreys SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stock-recruitment; sea lamprey; St. Marys River; modeling ID LAKE-HURON; AGE DATA; MANAGEMENT; ALGORITHM; CATCH AB For successful control of the St. Marys River sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) population, one critical uncertainty that needs to be characterized is uncertainty in the stock-recruitment relationship. A statistically-based, age-structured population model was developed to estimate the parameters of a Ricker stock-recruitment relationship for St. Marys River sea lampreys and the associated uncertainty in these parameters. This analysis indicated considerable stock-independent variability in recruitment across a range of stock sizes, potentially limiting the effectiveness of control options that reduce the spawning population in comparison to those that reduce the larval population. Point estimates of the stock-recruitment parameters suggest moderate compensation, but the uncertainty in these point estimates is large, spanning a range from negligible to high compensation. By characterizing these uncertainties and incorporating the results into a decision analytic framework, it is then possible to evaluate the effects of compensation and stock-recruitment uncertainty on management options available for St. Marys River sea lamprey control. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Haeseker, SL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 9317 Highway 99, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. EM steve_haeseker@fws.gov RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 728 EP 741 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300054 ER PT J AU Hansen, MJ Adams, JV Cuddy, DW Richards, JM Fodale, MF Larsons, GL Ollila, DJ Slade, JW Steeves, TB Young, RJ Zerrenner, A AF Hansen, MJ Adams, JV Cuddy, DW Richards, JM Fodale, MF Larsons, GL Ollila, DJ Slade, JW Steeves, TB Young, RJ Zerrenner, A TI Optimizing larval assessment to support sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; sampling; precision; larvae; growth; metamorphosis; Great Lakes ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS; BROOK LAMPREY; METAMORPHOSIS; GROWTH; RATIO; AGE AB Elements of the larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) assessment program that most strongly influence the chemical treatment program were analyzed, including selection of streams for larval surveys, allocation of sampling effort among stream reaches, allocation of sampling effort among habitat types, estimation of daily growth rates, and estimation of metamorphosis rates, to determine how uncertainty in each element influenced the stream selection program. First, the stream selection model based on current larval assessment sampling protocol significantly underestimated transforming sea lam-prey abundance, transforming sea lampreys killed, and marginal costs per sea lamprey killed, compared to a protocol that included more years of data (especially for large streams). Second, larval density in streams varied significantly with Type-I habitat area, but not with total area or reach length. Third, the ratio of larval density between Type-I and Type-II habitat varied significantly among streams, and that the optimal allocation of sampling effort varied with the proportion of habitat types and variability of larval density within each habitat. Fourth, mean length varied significantly among streams and years. Last, size at metamorphosis varied more among years than within or among regions and that metamorphosis varied significantly among streams within regions. Study results indicate that: (1) the stream selection model should be used to identify streams with potentially high residual populations of larval sea lampreys; (2) larval sampling in Type-II habitat should be initiated in all streams by increasing sampling in Type-II habitat to 50% of the sampling effort in Type-I habitat; and (3) methods should be investigated to reduce uncertainty in estimates of sea lamprey production, with emphasis on those that reduce the uncertainty associated with larval length at the end of the growing season and those used to predict metamorphosis. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sea Lamprey Control Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 6W4, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ludington Biol Stn, Ludington, MI 49431 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lake Champlain Fish & Wildlife Resources Off, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Hansen, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, 1900 Franklin St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM mhansen@uwsp.edu OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-8522-3876 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 766 EP 782 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300057 ER PT J AU Stewart, TJ Bence, JR Bergstedt, RA Ehener, MP Lupi, F Rutter, MA AF Stewart, TJ Bence, JR Bergstedt, RA Ehener, MP Lupi, F Rutter, MA TI Recommendations for assessing sea lamprey damages: Toward optimizing the control program in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; biological control; integrated pest management; valuation; economic-injury level; IMSL ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; ST-MARYS RIVER; PETROMYZON-MARINUS CONTROL; CASE-HISTORY; MORTALITY; ONTARIO; HURON; MODEL; REHABILITATION; RESTORATION AB The Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control program currently allocates stream treatments to optimize the number of juvenile sea lampreys killed for a given level of control. Although the economic benefits derived from control appear to outweigh the dollars spent on control efforts, optimizing the number of sea lampreys killed will not necessarily optimize the economic benefits provided by the fish communities. These benefits include both non-consumptive and fishery values. We emphasize that the biological damages caused by each juvenile sea lamprey will vary, as will the economic value associated with each host that is killed. We consider issues related to assessing damages due to sea lampreys, taking into account effects on the fish community and fisheries, so as to improve the sea lamprey control program. We recommend a consolidation of information regarding the valuation of benefits, better understanding of variation in host-parasite interactions among the Great Lakes, and integration of the control program with other fisheries management objectives and activities. Adoption of these recommendations should promote lake trout rehabilitation in the Great Lakes, healthy fish communities and prudent use of limited fishery management resources. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Ontario Management Unit, Picton, ON K0K 2T0, Canada. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Hammond Bay Biol Stn, Millersburg, MI 49759 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Autho, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, E Lansing, MI 48224 USA. RP Bence, JR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bence@msu.edu RI Lupi, Frank/B-7865-2010; Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Lupi, Frank/0000-0003-2287-2259; Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 783 EP 793 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300058 ER PT J AU Twohey, MB Sorensen, PW Li, WM AF Twohey, MB Sorensen, PW Li, WM TI Possible applications of pheromones in an integrated sea lamprey management program SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sea lamprey; migratory pheromone; sex pheromone; integrated pest management ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS AB A group of research scientists and fishery managers met during the Sea Lamprey International Symposium II to discuss how recent progress understanding sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) pheromone systems might contribute to an integrated management program. Summarized here are those discussions about how pheromone cues might be used and what steps should be taken to develop them as new tools in Great Lakes sea lamprey management. It is now evident that larval sea lampreys release a migratory pheromone that guides maturing adults into streams, and that mature sea lampreys use sex pheromones to affect locomotion and distribution of conspeciftc individuals on spawning grounds. Synthetic and purified pheromones have potential to enhance trap efficiencies, divert spawning migrations to streams with favorable management characteristics, and disrupt spawning behavior. Populations of native lamprey species might be established in strategic locations to provide migratory pheromone attraction. Pheromone production in spawning-phase males could be enhanced to bait traps and lure females, or to provide sterilized males with a competitive advantage in mating. Assays for analysis of the migratory pheromone could estimate the size of spawning runs and detect larval populations in streams. Pheromone strategies that integrate and enhance existing management techniques are likely to be the most beneficial. For example, the low density of adult sea lampreys in the St. Marys River makes it a good candidate for use of pheromones to enhance the current strategy of sterile-male release and trapping. Variation in recruitment and changes in growth and mortality could affect success of pheromone strategies that reduce reproduction. Continued support for basic research into developing and understanding pheromones and the new technologies associated with them is recommended. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Twohey, MB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marquette Biol Stn, 1924 Ind Pkwy, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. EM michael_twohey@fws.gov RI li, weiming /E-4652-2011; Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013 OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2003 VL 29 SU 1 BP 794 EP 800 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 819NI UT WOS:000221321300059 ER PT J AU Hatzinger, PB Palmer, P Smith, RL Penarrieta, CT Yoshinari, T AF Hatzinger, PB Palmer, P Smith, RL Penarrieta, CT Yoshinari, T TI Applicability of tetrazolium salts for the measurement of respiratory activity and viability of groundwater bacteria SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE tetrazolium salts; CTC; INT; XTT; bacteria; groundwater; ETS activity ID TRANSPORT-SYSTEM ACTIVITY; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; RESPIRING BACTERIA; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON; CAPE-COD; WATER; ENUMERATION AB A study was undertaken to measure aerobic respiration by indigenous bacteria in a sand and gravel aquifer on western Cape Cod, MA using tetrazolium salts and by direct oxygen consumption using gas chromatography (GC). In groundwater and aquifer slurries, the rate of aerobic respiration calculated from the direct GC assay was more than 600 times greater than that using the tetrazolium salt 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium. chloride (INT). To explain this discrepancy, the toxicity of INT and two additional tetrazolium. salts, sodium 3'-[ 1-(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazoliuml-bis(4-methoxy6-nitro) benzenesulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC), to bacterial isolates from the aquifer was investigated. Each of the three tetrazolium salts was observed to be toxic to some of the groundwater isolates at concentrations normally used in electron transport system (ETS) and viability assays. For example, incubation of cells with XTT (3 mM) caused the density of four of the five groundwater strains tested to decline by more than four orders of magnitude. A reasonable percentage (>57%) of cells killed by CTC and INT contained visible formazan crystals (the insoluble, reduced form of the salts) after 4 h of incubation. Thus, many of the cells reduced enough CTC or INT prior to dying to be considered viable by microscopic evaluation. However, one bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens) that remained viable and culturable in the presence of INT and CTC, did not incorporate formazan crystals into more than a few percent of cells, even after 24 h of incubation. This strain would be considered nonviable based on traditional tetra-zolium salt reduction assays. The data show that tetrazolium salt assays are likely to dramatically underestimate total ETS activity in groundwater and, although they may provide a reasonable overall estimate of viable cell numbers in a community of groundwater bacteria, some specific strains may be falsely considered nonviable by this assay due to poor uptake or reduction of the salts. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Envirogen Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hatzinger, PB (reprint author), Envirogen Inc, 4100 Quakerbridge Rd, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. RI Smith, Richard/A-6733-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-3829-0125 NR 49 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JAN PY 2003 VL 52 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 AR PII S0167-7012(02)00132-X DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(02)00132-X PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 632RC UT WOS:000180235800005 PM 12401226 ER PT J AU Landa, ER AF Landa, ER TI Mobilization of radionuclides from uranium mill tailings and related waste materials in anaerobic environments SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTION; BACTERIA; RELEASE; POLONIUM; BARITE; RA-226 AB Specific extraction studies in our laboratory have shown that iron and manganese oxide- and alkaline earth sulfate minerals are important hosts of radium in uranium mill tailings. Iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria may enhance the release of radium (and its analog barium) from uranium mill tailings, oil field pipe scale [a major technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) waste], and jarosite (a common mineral in sulfuric acid processed-tailings). These research findings are reviewed and discussed in the context of nuclear waste forms (such as barium sulfate matrices), radioactive waste management practices, and geochemical environments in the Earth's surficial and shallow subsurface regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Landa, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PY 2003 VL 255 IS 3 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1023/A:1022501003604 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 649ZE UT WOS:000181237200031 ER PT J AU Keigley, RB Frisina, MR Fager, C AF Keigley, RB Frisina, MR Fager, C TI A method for determining the onset year of intense browsing SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; architecture; browse-use history; moose; ungulate; willow ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ASPEN; ELK AB A survey based on browsing related architectures indicated that browsing level had increased at the Mt. Haggin Wildlife Management Area. We describe a technique for determining the year in which the increase in browsing level occurred. The technique is based on the analysis of stems old enough to have experienced the early period of light browsing; the onset year of intense browsing was determined by using dendrochronology to date the formation of twig clusters produced by intense browsing. Stems from 20 Geyer willow (Salix geyeriana Anderss.) plants were analyzed from each of 6 study sites. Mean onset years at the 6 sites ranged from 1983.1 to 1988.4; the mean onset year for all 6 sites was 1985.4 +/- 0.5 SE (N = 120). The reconstructed history was used to evaluate the relationship between moose (Alces alces) number and browse trend. From 1976 to 2000, the winter trend census of moose increased from 7 to 56. The onset of intense browsing in 1985 occurred when 23 moose were counted. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Keigley, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, 632 Coulee Dr, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.2307/4003878 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400005 ER PT J AU Beschta, RL Mcintosh, BA Torgersen, CE AF Beschta, RL Mcintosh, BA Torgersen, CE TI Comment: "Perspectives on water flow and the interpretations of FLIR images" J. Range Manage. 55:106-111 2002 SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEMPERATURE C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Eng, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Beschta, RL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Eng, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.2307/4003888 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634HR UT WOS:000180334400015 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KJ Locker, SD Hine, AC Bukry, D Barron, JA Guertin, LA AF Cunningham, KJ Locker, SD Hine, AC Bukry, D Barron, JA Guertin, LA TI Interplay of Late Cenozoic siliciclastic supply and carbonate response on the southeast Florida Platform SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRATIGRAPHY; MODEL; KEYS; SEDIMENTATION; FOUNDATION; OLIGOCENE; PLIOCENE; MEXICO; BASIN; GULF AB High-resolution seismic-reflection data collected along the length of the Caloosahatchee River in southwestern Florida have been correlated to nannofossil biostratigraphy and strontium-isotope chemostratigraphy at six continuously cored boreholes. These data are interpreted to show a major Late Miocene(?) to Early Pliocene fluvial-deltaic depositional system that prograded southward across the carbonate Florida Platform, interrupting nearly continuous carbonate deposition since early in the Cretaceous. Connection of the platform top to a continental source of siliciclastics and significant paleotopography combined to focus accumulation of an immense supply of siliciclastics on the southeastern part of the Florida Platform. The remarkably thick (> 100 m), sand-rich depositional system, which is characterized by clinoformal progradation, filled in deep accommodation, while antecedent paleotopography directed deltaic progradation southward within the middle of the present-day Florida Peninsula. The deltaic depositional system may have prograded about 200 km southward to the middle and upper Florida Keys, where Late Miocene to Pliocene siliciclastics form the foundation of the Quaternary carbonate shelf and shelf margin of the Florida Keys. These far-traveled siliciclastic deposits filled accommodation on the southeastern part of the Florida Platform so that paleobathymetry was sufficiently shallow to allow Quaternary recovery of carbonate sedimentation in the area of southern peninsular Florida and the Florida Keys. C1 US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Penn State Univ Delaware Cty, Media, PA 19063 USA. RP Cunningham, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9100 NW 36th St, Miami, FL 33178 USA. OI Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 NR 66 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1 BP 31 EP 46 DI 10.1306/062402730031 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 637BC UT WOS:000180490900004 ER PT J AU Martin, JB Hartl, KM Corbett, DR Swarzenski, PW Cable, JE AF Martin, JB Hartl, KM Corbett, DR Swarzenski, PW Cable, JE TI A multi-level pore-water sampler for permeable sediments SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; ESTUARINE SURFACE-WATER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SEEPAGE; NEARSHORE; AQUIFER; RN-222; DEVICE; ZONE AB The construction and operation of a multi-level piezometer (multisampler) designed to collect pore water from permeable sediments up to 230 cm below the sediment-water interface is described. Multisamplers are constructed from 11/2 inch schedule 80 PVC pipe. One-quarter-inch flexible PVC tubing leads from eight ports at variable depths to a 11/2 inch tee fitting at the top of the PVC pipe. Multisamplers are driven into the sediment using standard fence-post drivers. Water is pumped from the PVC tubing with a peristaltic pump. Field tests in Banana River Lagoon, Florida, demonstrate the utility of multisamplers. These tests include collection of multiple samples from the permeable sediments and reveal mixing between shallow pore water and overlying lagoon water. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Martin, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1306/070802730128 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA 637BC UT WOS:000180490900012 ER PT J AU Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Herrick, JE Shaver, PL Pyke, DA Pellant, M Thompson, D Dayton, B AF Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Herrick, JE Shaver, PL Pyke, DA Pellant, M Thompson, D Dayton, B TI New proposed national resources inventory protocols on nonfederal rangelands SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, NRCS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDI, USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. USDI, BLM, Boise, ID USA. USDA, NRCS, Ecol Conservat Sci Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA, NRCS, Resources Inventory Div, Ames, IA USA. RP Spaeth, KE (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 18A EP 21A PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 648KQ UT WOS:000181150900006 ER PT J AU Coombs, ML Eichelberger, JC Rutherford, MJ AF Coombs, ML Eichelberger, JC Rutherford, MJ TI Experimental and textural constraints on mafic enclave formation in volcanic rocks SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magma mixing; mafic enclaves; experiments; crystallization; textural analysis ID MOUNT-ST-HELENS; CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MAGMATIC INCLUSIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION; ERUPTIONS; CALIFORNIA; REPLENISHMENT; NUCLEATION; RHYOLITES; EVOLUTION AB We have used experiments and textural analysis to investigate the process of enclave formation during magma mixing at Southwest Trident volcano, Alaska. Andesite enclaves are present throughout the four dacite lava flows produced by the eruption, and resemble mafic enclaves commonly found in other volcanic rocks. Our experiments replicate the pressure-temperature-time path taken by enclave-forming andesite magma as it is engulfed in dacite during magma mixing. Pressure and temperature information for the andesite and dacite are from [Coombs et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 140 (2000) 99-118]. The andesite was annealed at 1000degreesC, and then cooled to 890degreesC at rates of 110degreesC h(-1), 10degreesC h(-1), and 20degreesC h(-1). Once cooled to 890degreesC, andesite was held at this lower temperature from times ranging from 1 to 40 h. The andesite that was cooled at the slower rates of 2degreesC h(-1) and 100degreesC h(-1) most resembles enclave groundmass texturally and compositionally. Based on simple thermal calculations, these rates are more consistent with cooling of the andesite groundmass below an andesite-dacite interface than with cooling of enclave-sized spheres. If enclaves do crystallize as spheres, post-crystallization disaggregation must occur. Calculations using the MELTS algorithm [Ghiorso and Sack, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 119 (1995) 197-212] show that for incoming andesite to become less dense than the dacite similar to 34 volume % of its groundmass must crystallize to undergo similar to 18 volume % vesiculation; these values are similar to those determined for Southwest Trident enclaves. Thus such crystallization may lead to 'flotation' of enclaves and be a viable mechanism for enclave formation and dispersal. The residual melt in the cooling experiments did not evolve to rhyolitic compositions such as seen in natural enclaves due to a lack of a decompression step in the experiments. Decompression experiments on Southwest Trident dacite suggest an average ascent rate for the eruption of similar to 2-3 MPa h(-1). An andesite experiment that was cooled and then decompressed at this rate contains melt that matches that of the natural enclaves. It is apparent that decompression (ascent)-induced crystallization occurs in enclaves, but not in the form of microlites as happens in the dacite host, due either to insufficient residence time at chamber temperatures or to the pre-existing microphenocrysts which act as sites for new growth. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Coombs, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 125 EP 144 AR PII S0377-0273(02)00309-8 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00309-8 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 623DF UT WOS:000179687400007 ER PT J AU Stockstill, KR Vogel, TA Sisson, TW AF Stockstill, KR Vogel, TA Sisson, TW TI Origin and emplacement of the andesite of Burroughs Mountain, a zoned, large-volume lava flow at Mount Rainier, Washington, USA SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mount Rainier; Cascade Range; andesites; dacites; magmatic differentiation; lava flows ID MEDICINE LAKE VOLCANO; SILICIC MAGMAS; CALIFORNIA; ROCKS; ERUPTION; CHAMBERS; DYNAMICS; CRATER; FIELD AB Burroughs Mountain, situated at the northeast foot of Mount Rainier, WA, exposes a large-volume (3.4 km(3)) andesitic lava flow, up to 350 m thick and extending 11 km in length. Two sampling traverses from flow base to eroded top, over vertical sections of 245 and 300 m, show that the flow consists of a felsic lower unit (100 m thick) overlain sharply by a more mafic upper unit. The mafic upper unit is chemically zoned, becoming slightly more evolved upward; the lower unit is heterogeneous and unzoned. The lower unit is also more phenocryst-rich and locally contains inclusions of quenched basaltic andesite magma that are absent from the upper unit. Widespread, vuggy, gabbronorite-to-diorite inclusions may be fragments of shallow cumulates, exhumed from the Mount Rainier magmatic system. Chemically heterogeneous block-and-ash-flow deposits that conformably underlie the lava flow were the earliest products of the eruptive episode. The felsic-mafic-felsic progression in lava composition resulted from partial evacuation of a vertically-zoned magma reservoir, in which either (1) average depth of withdrawal increased, then decreased, during eruption, perhaps due to variations in effusion rate, or (2) magmatic recharge stimulated ascent of a plume that brought less evolved magma to shallow levels at an intermediate stage of the eruption. Pre-eruptive zonation resulted from combined crystallization-differentiation and intrusion(s) of less evolved magma into the partly crystallized resident magma body. The zoned lava flow at Burroughs Mountain shows that, at times, Mount Rainier's magmatic system has developed relatively large, shallow reservoirs that, despite complex recharge events, were capable of developing a felsic-upward compositional zonation similar to that inferred from large ash-flow sheets and other zoned lava flows. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tsisson@usgs.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 EI 1872-6097 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 1-4 BP 275 EP 296 AR PII S0377-0273(02)00358-X DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00358-X PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 623DF UT WOS:000179687400015 ER PT J AU Barlow, PM Ahlfeld, DP Dickerman, DC AF Barlow, PM Ahlfeld, DP Dickerman, DC TI Conjunctive-management models for sustained yield of stream-aquifer systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE aquifers; ground-water management; surface water; numerical models; Rhode Island; streamflow ID FLOW-DURATION CURVES; SURFACE-WATER; RIVER-BASIN; SAFE YIELD; GROUNDWATER; SIMULATION; SUPPLIES AB Conjunctive-management models that couple numerical simulation with linear optimization were developed to evaluate trade-offs between groundwater withdrawals and streamflow depletions for alluvial-valley stream-aquifer systems representative of those of the northeastern United States. A conjunctive-management model developed for a hypothetical stream-aquifer system was used to assess the effect of interannual hydrologic variability on minimum monthly streamflow requirements. The conjunctive-management model was applied to the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system of central Rhode Island. Results show that it is possible to increase the amount of current withdrawal from the aquifer by as much as 50% by modifying current withdrawal schedules, modifying the number and configuration of wells in the supply-well network, or allowing increased streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt rivers. Alternatively, it is possible to reduce current rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River by as much as 35% during the summer, but such reductions would result in smaller increases in groundwater withdrawals. C1 US Geol Survey, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Barlow, PM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 10 Bearfoot Rd, Northborough, MA 01532 USA. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:1(35) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 628WF UT WOS:000180019000005 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, KF Jackson, NL Allen, JR Sherman, DJ AF Nordstrom, KF Jackson, NL Allen, JR Sherman, DJ TI Longshore sediment transport rates on a microtidal estuarine beach SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE estuaries; littoral drift; sediment transport; tracers; New York ID MIXING-DEPTHS; SURF ZONE; SAND AB Longshore sediment transport rates were estimated on a microtidal estuarine beach in Great South Bay, N.Y., during two dyed sand tracer experiments using a temporal sampling method. Mean onshore wind speeds of 5.8 and 9.9 m/s resulted in root-mean-square wave heights of 0.07 and 0.08 m and wave angles of 3.0 and 10.1, causing transport rates of 0.468 and 0.972 m(3)/h. Rates were 3.1 to 6.5 times greater than predicted by existing equations using standard coefficients. Greater rates are attributed to the concentration of sediment transport in the energetic swash zone under plunging breakers. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. US Geol Survey, Boston, MA 02109 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Nordstrom, KF (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2003)129:1(1) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 627ZY UT WOS:000179968100001 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JW Pattee, OH Fritts, SH Rattner, BA Wiemeyer, SN Royle, JA Smith, MR AF Carpenter, JW Pattee, OH Fritts, SH Rattner, BA Wiemeyer, SN Royle, JA Smith, MR TI Experimental lead poisoning in turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE California condors; Cathartes aura; endangered species; Gymnogyps californianus; lead poisoning raptors; turkey vultures ID KESTRELS FALCO-SPARVERIUS; CALIFORNIA CONDORS; BALD EAGLES; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; SHOT; INGESTION; DUCKS AB Lead-induced mortality appears to have been a major factor in the decline of the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus). We orally dosed turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) with BB-sized lead shot from January 1988 through July 1988 to determine physiologic response (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition, erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, anemia), diagnostic tissue lead concentrations (blood, liver, and kidney), and comparative sensitivity of this species. Two turkey vultures died and two became so intoxicated they were euthanized. Overall, responses of measured parameters were comparable to other species exposed to lead although there was considerable individual variation. Survival time (143-211 days), even with the large numbers of shot and constant redosing, was much longer than reported for other species of birds, suggesting considerable tolerance by turkey vultures to the deleterious effects of lead ingestion. Based on these observations, turkey vultures appear to be poor models for assessing the risk of lead poisoning to California condors or predicting their physiologic response. C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Birds Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, State Program, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Nevada Fish & Wildlife Off, Reno, NV 89502 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USGS Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Pattee, OH (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 28 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500010 PM 12685072 ER PT J AU Hollmen, TE Franson, JC Kilpi, M Docherty, DE Myllys, V AF Hollmen, TE Franson, JC Kilpi, M Docherty, DE Myllys, V TI An adenovirus associated with intestinal impaction and mortality of male common eiders (Somateria mollissima) in the Baltic Sea SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; Anas platyrhynchos; common eider; enteritis; mallard; Somateria mollissima ID ARCHIPELAGO AB We examined 10 common eider (Somateria mollissima) males found dead in 1998 during a die-off in the northern Baltic Sea off the southwestern coast of Finland. We diagnosed impaction of the posterior small intestine with mucosal necrosis as the cause of death in all 10 and isolated adenoviruses from cloacal samples of six birds. The adenovirus isolates were not neutralized by reference antisera to group I, II, or III avian adenoviruses. Cloacal swabs from 22 apparently healthy eider females nesting at the mortality area were negative for viruses. An adenovirus isolated from one of the ciders caused clinical signs of illness and gastrointestinal pathology in experimentally infected mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings. These findings suggest that the adenovirus contributed to the mortality of common eider males in the Finnish archipelago. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Vet Basic Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Alaska Sea Life Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Systemat & Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Vet & Food Res Inst, Helsinki 00231, Finland. RP Hollmen, TE (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Vet Basic Sci, POB 57, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500012 PM 12685074 ER PT J AU Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ Goldberg, DR Johnson, WP AF Samuel, MD Shadduck, DJ Goldberg, DR Johnson, WP TI Comparison of methods to detect Pasteurella multocida in carrier waterfowl SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; avian cholera; carrier; isolation; mallard; Pasteurella multocida ID AVIAN CHOLERA; FOWL CHOLERA; SNOW GEESE; CANADA; BIRDS; GOOSE AB We conducted laboratory challenge trials using mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) to compare methods for detecting carriers of Pasteurella multocida, the bacterium that causes avian cholera, in wild birds. Birds that survived the initial infection were euthanized at 2-4 wk intervals up to 14 wk post challenge. Isolates of P. multocida were obtained at necropsy from 23% of the birds that survived initial infection. We found that swab samples (oral, cloacal, nasal, eye, and leg joint) were most effective for detecting carrier birds up to 14 wk post infection. No detectable differences in isolation were observed for samples stored in either 10% dimethysulfoxide or brain heart infusion broth. The frequency of detecting carriers in our challenge trials appeared to be related to mortality rates observed during the trial, but was not related to a number of other factors including time after challenge, time delays in collecting tissues postmortem, and route of infection. In our trials, there was little association between antibody levels and carrier status. We concluded that swabs samples collected from recently dead birds, stored in liquid nitrogen, and processed using selective broth provide a feasible field method for detecting P. multocida carriers in wild waterfowl. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. RP Samuel, MD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Goldberg, Diana/0000-0001-8540-8512 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 125 EP 135 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500014 PM 12685076 ER PT J AU Haukos, DA Neaville, J AF Haukos, DA Neaville, J TI Spatial and temporal changes in prevalence of a cloacal cestode in wintering waterfowl along the Gulf Coast of Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cestode; Cloacotaenia megalops; Cypris pubera; Gulf Coast; waterfowl ID DUCKS; HELMINTHS; DYNAMICS AB The cloacal cestode Cloacotaenia megalops is one of the most common helminths of waterfowl. We investigated the effect of this parasite on the body condition of wintering waterfowl populations and compared prevalence among age-sex classes, over time and between habitat types on the upper Gulf Coast of Texas (USA) from October 1986-February 2000. Greater than 9,500 birds of 25 waterfowl species were examined for the parasite. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in body condition between birds with and without the parasite. Average prevalence was lowest for geese ((x) over bar =3.7%) versus 21 to 71% in duck species. Average prevalence was similar (P=0.81) between diving ducks ((x) over bar =46.9%) and puddle ducks ((x) over bar =43.9%). Prevalence varied among age-sex classes and was related to sex rather than age. Variation among age-sex classes suggests differences in diet between sexes of duck species on the wintering grounds. There was no evidence for declining prevalence over the Wintering period. Prevalence differed (P<0.05) between collection sites, and thereby habitat types, for several species. Temporal trends indicate stable prevalence of C. megalops for diving ducks and increasing prevalence for puddle ducks. The increasing trend for puddle ducks may indicate declining habitat conditions resulting in increased exposure to the intermediate ostracod host. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anahuac Natl Wildlife Refuge, Anahuac, TX 77514 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500017 PM 12685079 ER PT J AU Skerratt, LF AF Skerratt, LF TI Clinical response of captive common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. wombati SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE clinical pathology; clinical signs; common wombat; experimental infection; sarcoptic mange; Sarcoptes scabiei; Vombatus ursinus ID VAR CANIS ACARI; SWINE MANGE; RED FOXES; HOST; INFESTATIONS; IVERMECTIN; IMMUNITY AB Seven common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) were exposed and two of these were re-exposed to Sarcoptes scabiei var. wombati (Acari: Sarcoptidae). For wombats exposed for the first time, five exposed to 5,000 mites on their shoulder developed moderate to severe parakeratotic mange after 11 wk compared with two given 1,000 mites that developed mild clinical signs of mange after 11 wk. For re-exposed wombats, one of two given 5,000 mites developed mild parakeratotic mange and the other developed severe parakeratotic mange. Initial signs of mange were erythema, followed by parakeratosis, alopecia, excoriation and fissuring of parakeratotic crust and skin. Erythema usually became apparent Within 14 days after exposure (DAE) or within 24 hrs of re-exposure. Parakeratosis was visible 14-21 DAE and alopecia first occurred 35-77 DAE. Clinical signs increased in severity over time and lesions spread slowly from the site of exposure. Mangy wombats scratched excessively, lost weight, and exhibited a significant neutrophilia compared with control wombats. Treatment of mange with three injections of ivermectin, 300 mug/kg, 10 days apart led to complete resolution of clinical signs. However mites were not entirely eliminated until wombats received a second regime of treatment. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Vet Sci, Ctr Vet Clin, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. RP Skerratt, LF (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RI Skerratt, Lee/L-2797-2013 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 179 EP 192 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500020 PM 12685082 ER PT J AU Skerratt, LF AF Skerratt, LF TI Cellular response in the dermis of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. wombati SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE common wombat; cross-reactive antibodies; immunohistochemistry; inflammatory response; Sarcoptes scabiei; sarcoptic mange; Vombatus ursinus ID B-CELL; ANTIBODIES; MANGE; SKIN; SERODIAGNOSIS; TOXOPLASMOSIS; IMMUNITY; LESIONS; ANTIGEN; TISSUE AB The cellular response in the dermis of common wombats (Vombatus ursinus) with sarcoptic mange exhibited some typical aspects of an immune response to Sarcoptes scabiei. There was an induction phase for wombats experimentally infected with S. scabiei represented by absence of a dermal inflammatory infiltrate for at least 12 days after infection. T lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, and neutrophils then entered the dermis, consistent with a type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity response. In free-living wombats with severe parakeratotic sarcoptic mange eosinophils were also present in the dermis suggesting that a type I (immediate) hypersensitivity response may develop after a type IV hypersensitivity response. Absence of plasma cells and B lymphocytes in free-living wombats with severe parakeratotic sarcoptic mange compared with their presence in wombats experimentally infected with S. scabiei suggested that some immune tolerance may develop with severe infections. A large proportion of cells in the dermal response were not identified but were possibly cells of connective tissue. The thickness of the epidermis increased within 4 days in response to S. scabiei infection. Some antibodies raised against human leucocyte antigens CD3, CD5, HLA-DP, DQ, DR, and CD79b cross-reacted with leucocyte antigens of common wombats and were used to identify cell types in inflammatory infiltrates using immunohistochemistry. C1 Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, Sch Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. RP Skerratt, LF (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RI Skerratt, Lee/L-2797-2013 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500021 PM 12685083 ER PT J AU Dunbar, MR Tornquist, S Giordano, MR AF Dunbar, MR Tornquist, S Giordano, MR TI Blood parasites in sage-grouse from Nevada and Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE blood parasites; Centrocercus urophasianus; Leucocytozoon lovati; Nevada; Oregon; Plasmodium; sage-grouse AB Peripheral blood smears from 196 adult and yearling female greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) were examined for blood parasites (167 from the breeding and 29 from the brood-rearing season) to determine prevalence of blood parasites, to attempt to correlate infection with chick survival, and to establish base-line values of prevalence in sage-grouse from Nevada and Oregon (USA). Birds were captured and released on two study areas during 19992001; Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in northwestern Nevada, and Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) in southeastern Oregon. Birds from a third study area, Beaty's Butte grazing allotment (BB) in southeastern Oregon, were sampled in 2000 and 2001. Overall, 19 birds (10%) were positive for Leucocytozoon lovati (=L. bonasae), 1 (0.5%) for Plasmodium pedioecetii, and 2 (1%) for microfilariae. Although prevalence of L. lovati on HMNAR was 39% during the breeding season in 1999 and 100% during the brood-rearing season in 2000, statistically, prevalence of L. lovati among study areas and years was not different. However, there were statistical differences between capture periods. Overall, 31% of the hens were positive for L. lovati during the brood-rearing season compared to 6% during the breeding season. There was no difference in packed cell volume between infected and non-infected birds and no difference between age-classes. However, mean sage-grouse productivity on HMNAR was higher (1.6 chicks/hen) for non-infected (n=10) compared to infected hens (0.7 chicks/hen; n=7), during 1999. Based on these limited observations on HMNAR in 1999, the possible effects that L. lovati may have on young sage-grouse could be detrimental to sage-grouse populations in Nevada and Oregon. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Biol Invest Unit, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunbar, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Biol Invest Unit, Sheldon Hart Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,POB, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 1 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 661FL UT WOS:000181880500022 PM 12685084 ER PT J AU Adams, LG AF Adams, LG TI Marrow fat deposition and skeletal growth in caribou calves SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Alaska; caribou; condition indices; femur marrow; maternal investment; postnatal growth; predation; Rangifer tarandus ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; ALASKAN CARIBOU; UNDERNUTRITION; PERFORMANCE; DEPLETION; PATTERNS; INDEXES; BONES AB I evaluated rates of marrow fat deposition and skeletal growth of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) calves through 20 days of age at Denali National Park, Alaska, USA. Both were negatively correlated with late winter snowfall, indicating the prolonged effects of maternal undernutrition following severe winters. Using regression analyses, I found that the rates of marrow fat deposition and hindfoot growth during the 20 days following birth declined 46% and 68%, respectively, over the range of winter severity during this study. These measures of development may indicate a broader array of effects of maternal undernutrition, influencing the vulnerability of caribou calves to predation. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Adams, LG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.2307/3803057 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200003 ER PT J AU Lopez, RR Vieira, MEP Silvy, NJ Frank, PA Whisenant, SW Jones, DA AF Lopez, RR Vieira, MEP Silvy, NJ Frank, PA Whisenant, SW Jones, DA TI Survival, mortality, and life expectancy of Florida Key deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE deer-motor vehicle collisions; Florida Key deer; life expectancy; mortality; Odocoileus virginianus clavium; sex-specific; source-sink; survival; urbanization ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POPULATIONS AB Increases in motor vehicle traffic, habitat loss, and human-deer interactions due to urban development threaten the recovery and management of Florida Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium). To evaluate these threats, we estimated current survival rates and compared them to historic estimates, evaluated the causes of mortality from 1966 to 2000, and determined life expectancy of deer from marked animals. We radiomarked Florida Key deer as part of 2 separate field studies (1968-1972, 1998-2000), in addition to collecting mortality data and survey estimates (1966-2000). We analyzed survival data from 314 (157 male, 157 female) radiomarked deer using a known-fate model framework in program MARK. We considered a suite of a priori models based on the biology and current knowledge of Florida Key deer, and ranked them using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC(c)) model selection. Important factors explaining deer survival were sex and geographical location. Model-averaged annual male survival (0.412-0.842) was lower than female survival (0.695-0.888). Marked female deer (n = 35) lived an average of 6.5 years (maximum 19 years), while marked male deer (n = 43) lived an average of 2.9 years (maximum 12 years). Deer survival also increased as deer moved away from U.S. Highway I (US 1). Deer-motor vehicle collisions accounted for >50% of total deer mortality, half of which occurred on US 1. Annual deer mortality since 1972 has increased and is attributed to an increase in the deer population size (1972-2000, 240%). We recommend finding methods to reduce deer-motor vehicle collisions because of human safety concerns. As efforts to reduce deer-motor vehicle collisions continue, biologists need to address high deer densities in management of this locally abundant but endangered deer population. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Key Deer Refuge, Big Pine Key, FL 33043 USA. RP Lopez, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM roel@tamu.edu NR 40 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.2307/3803059 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200005 ER PT J AU Phillips, ML Clark, WR Sovada, MA Horn, DJ Koford, RR Greenwood, RJ AF Phillips, ML Clark, WR Sovada, MA Horn, DJ Koford, RR Greenwood, RJ TI Predator selection of prairie landscape features and its relation to duck nest success SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat fragmentation; habitat selection; landscape composition; Mephitis mephitis; nest success; nesting habitat; North Dakota; Prairie Pothole Region; predation; red fox; striped skunk; Vulpes vulpes; waterfowl ID STRIPED SKUNKS; POTHOLE REGION; EDGE; SURVIVAL; BIRDS AB Mammalian predation is a major cause of mortality for breeding waterfowl in the U.S. Northern Great Plains, and yet we know little about the selection of prairie habitats by predators or how this influences nest success in grassland nesting cover. We selected 2 41.4-km(2) study areas in both 1996 and 1997 in North Dakota, USA, with contrasting compositions of perennial grassland. A study area contained either 15-20% perennial grassland (Low Grassland Composition [LGC]) or 45-55% perennial grassland (High Grassland Composition [HGC]). We used radiotelemetry to investigate the selection of 9 landscape cover types by red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), while simultaneously recording duck nest success within planted cover. The cover types included the edge and core areas of planted cover, wetland edges within planted cover or surrounded by cropland, pastureland, hayland, cropland, roads, and miscellaneous cover types. Striped skunks selected wetland edges surrounded by agriculture over all other cover types in LGC landscapes (P-values for all pair-wise comparisons were <0.05). Striped skunks also selected wetland edges surrounded by agriculture over all other cover types in HGC landscapes (P < 0.05), except for wetland edges within planted cover (P = 0.12). Red foxes selected the edge and core areas of planted cover, as well as wetland edges within planted cover in LGC landscapes (i.e., they were attracted to the more isolated patches of planted cover). However, in HGC landscapes, red foxes did not select interior areas of planted cover (i.e., core areas of planted cover and wetland edges in planted cover) as frequently as edges of planted cover (P < 0.05). Red foxes selected core areas of planted cover more frequently in LGC than in HGC landscapes (P < 0.05) and selected pastureland more frequently in HGC than in LGC landscapes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, red foxes selected the isolated patches of planted cover more than pastureland in LGC landscapes (P < 0.05). Duck nest success was greater in HGC landscapes than in LGC landscapes for planted-cover core (P < 0.0001), planted-cover edge (P < 0.001) and planted cover-wetland edge (P < 0.001). Both the increased amount of planted-cover core area and the increased pastureland selection in HGC landscapes may have diluted predator foraging efficiency in the interior areas of planted cover and contributed to higher nest success in HGC landscapes. Our observations of predator cover-type selection not only support the restoration and management of large blocks of grassland but also indicate the influence of alternative cover types for mitigating nest predation in the Prairie Pothole Region. C1 USGS, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Phillips, ML (reprint author), USGS, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 55 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.2307/3803066 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200012 ER PT J AU Scheiman, DM Bollinger, EK Johnson, DH AF Scheiman, DM Bollinger, EK Johnson, DH TI Effects of leafy spurge infestation on grassland birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammodramus savannarum; bobolink; Dolichonyx oryzivorus; Euphorbia esula; grasshopper sparrow; grassland bird; invasive species; leafy spurge; North Dakota; Passerculus sandwichensis; savannah sparrow; Sheyenne National Grassland; Sturnella neglecta; vegetation structure; western meadowlark ID NATIVE PRAIRIE; EXOTIC PLANTS; AVIAN USE; VEGETATION; HABITAT AB Grassland bird populations are declining. Invasive plant species may be contributing to these declines by altering habitat quality. However, the effects of invasive plants on grassland birds are largely unknown. Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an exotic, invasive weed in the northern Great Plains. We examined the effects of leafy spurge infestation on densities of breeding birds, nest-site selection, and nest success in grasslands on the Sheyenne National Grassland (SNG), North Dakota, USA, 1999-2000. We categorized spurge-infested grasslands into 3 groups (low, medium, high), based on the area covered by spurge patches. We surveyed 75 100-m-radius circular points (25 in each group), and searched for nests in 6 16-ha plots (2 in each group). Grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) and savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) densities were lower on high-spurge points than on low-and medium-spurge points. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) and western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) densities were not significantly different among spurge cover groups. Spurge cover did not appear to be an important factor in nest-site selection. However, western meadowlark nest success was positively associated with spurge cover. Vegetation structure is an important indicator of habitat quality and resource availability for grassland birds. Changes in vegetation structure caused by introduced plant species, such as spurge, can alter resource availability and hence affect bird community composition. Managers of spurge-infested grasslands should continue current spurge control measures to help prevent further declines in grassland habitat quality and grassland bird populations. C1 US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Scheiman, DM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Bldg 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 DI 10.2307/3803067 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200013 ER PT J AU Rivers, JW Althoff, DP Gipson, PS Pontius, JS AF Rivers, JW Althoff, DP Gipson, PS Pontius, JS TI Evaluation of a reproductive index to estimate dickcissel reproductive success SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cowbird parasitism; dickcissel; Kansas; productivity; reproductive index; reproductive success; Spiza americana ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; NEST SUCCESS; HABITAT; SONGBIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; MANAGEMENT; FOREST AB Intensive monitoring of bird nests to measure reproductive success is time-consuming and may influence the fate of nests. Reproductive indices that do not require searching for and visiting nests may be reasonable alternatives to nest monitoring if they provide results similar to nest-searching efforts. We evaluated the reproductive index of Vickery et al. (1992) for estimating reproductive success of the dickcissel (Spiza amoicana) in northeast Kansas, USA. We used nest searching and Vickery et al.'s (1992) reproductive index to compare reproductive success on 20 plots (200 x 200 m). Daily nest survival (DNS) rates averaged 0.911 (SE = 0.011, n = 72 nests), and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) accounted for 21% of all nest failures. Surveyors underestimated reproductive index ranks when compared to nest-searching efforts and were inaccurate in their assignment of reproductive success. In particular, surveyors reported successful nests on 3 study plots that fledged no young, probably because young dickcissels moved onto plots after fledging from their natal territories. Our results indicate that the reproductive index of Vickery et al. (1992) may be inappropriate for wary species or those heavily parasitized by brood parasites. We suggest that before relying on the index alone, investigators should use pilot trials to determine whether results from this index are concordant with results from intensive nest-searching efforts for species of interest. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Rivers, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.2307/3803069 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200015 ER PT J AU Zablan, MA Braun, CE White, GC AF Zablan, MA Braun, CE White, GC TI Estimation of greater sage-grouse survival in North Park, Colorado SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE band recoveries; Centrocercus urophasianus; Colorado; greater sage-grouse; bunting; program MARK; survival ID REPORTING RATES; MARKED ANIMALS AB We estimated survival rates of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in North Park, Colorado, USA, from band-recovery data of 6,021 birds banded during spring, 1973-1990, with recoveries through 1993. Average annual adult female survival ((S) over bar = 0.59, SE = 0.011) was greater than average adult male survival ((S) over bar = 0.37, SE = 0.007), and average subadult (<1 yr old at time of banding) female survival ((S) over bar = 0.77, SE = 0.030) was greater than average subadult male survival ((S) over bar = 0.63, SE = 0.034). Four weather covariates (spring and winter precipitation and temperature) did not contribute to predicting annual survival. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Zablan, MA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM marilet_zablan@fws.gov NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.2307/3803070 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200016 ER PT J AU Gervais, JA Rosenberg, DK Anthony, RG AF Gervais, JA Rosenberg, DK Anthony, RG TI Space use and pesticide exposure risk of male burrowing owls in an agricultural landscape SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural habitat; Athene cunicularia; burrowing owls; California; habitat selection; home range; pesticide exposure; radiotelemetry ID HOME-RANGE; IMPERIAL-VALLEY; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; CUNICULARIA; ESTIMATORS; MOVEMENTS; OREGON AB We estimated home-range size and habitat selection in a population of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) living within an agricultural landscape in the Central Valley of California, USA, in 1998 and 1999. We modeled home-range size and habitat selection of breeding male owls (n = 33) as a function of biological and physical factors. Biological factors included number of young fledged and diet, and physical factors included cover-type composition around the nest. We also examined patterns of space use in conjunction with agricultural pesticide application records for evidence of secondary poisoning risk to the owls. Owl home ranges varied in size within (but not between) years, and not in conjunction with any of the biological factors we measured. Foraging versus random locations were differentiated most strongly by distance from the nest, with 80% of nocturnal foraging observations falling within 600 m of the nest burrow. No single cover type was selected when distance to nest was also included in the model. Owls did use agricultural fields recently treated with pesticides, although we did not find evidence of owls selectively foraging in these fields. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gervais, JA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84332 USA. EM gervaisj@cc.usu.edu NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.2307/3803071 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651AB UT WOS:000181296200017 ER PT J AU Tinker, DB Romme, WH Despain, DG AF Tinker, DB Romme, WH Despain, DG TI Historic range of variability in landscape structure in subalpine forests of the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire; historic range of variability; landscape structure; lodgepole pine; logging; Yellowstone ID NATIONAL-PARK; INFREQUENT DISTURBANCES; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; FIRE; FRAGMENTATION; ROADS; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; PATTERN AB A measure of the historic range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure is essential for evaluating current landscape patterns of Rocky Mountain coniferous forests that have been subjected to intensive timber harvest. We used a geographic information system (GIS) and FRAGSTATS to calculate key landscape metrics on two -130,000-ha landscapes in the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA: one in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), which has been primarily shaped by natural fires, and a second in the adjacent Targhee National Forest (TNF), which has undergone intensive clearcutting for nearly 30 years. Digital maps of the current and historical landscape in YNP were developed from earlier stand age maps developed by Romme and Despain. Maps of the TNF landscape were adapted from United States Forest Service Resource Information System (RIS) data. Key landscape metrics were calculated at 20-yr intervals for YNP for the period from 1705-1995. These metrics were used to first evaluate the relative effects of small vs. large fire events on landscape structure and were then compared to similar metrics calculated for both pre- and post-harvest landscapes of the TNF. Large fires, such as those that burned in 1988, produced a structurally different landscape than did previous, smaller fires (1705-1985). The total number of patches of all types was higher after 1988 (694 vs. 340-404 before 1988), and mean patch size was reduced by almost half (186 ha vs. 319-379 ha). The amount of unburned forest was less following the 1988 fires (63% vs. 72-90% prior to 1988), yet the number of unburned patches increased by nearly an order of magnitude (230 vs. a maximum of 41 prior to 1988). Total core area and mean core area per patch decreased after 1988 relative to smaller fires (-73,700 ha vs. 87,000-110,000 ha, and 320 ha vs. 2,123 ha, respectively). Notably, only edge density was similar (17 m ha(-1) after 1988) to earlier landscapes (9.8-14.2 m ha(-1)). Three decades of timber harvesting dramatically altered landscape structure in the TNF. Total number of patches increased threefold (1,481 after harvest vs. 437 before harvest), and mean patch size decreased by -70% (91.3 ha vs. 309 ha). None of the post-harvest landscape metrics calculated for the TNF fell within the HRV as defined in YNP, even when the post-1988 landscape was considered. In contrast, pre- harvest TNF landscape metrics were all within, or very nearly within, the HRV for YNP. While reference conditions such as those identified by this study are useful for local and regional landscape evaluation and planning, additional research is necessary to understand the consequences of changes in landscape structure for population, community, ecosystem, and landscape function. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Biol, Durango, CO 81301 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Biol, USGS, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Tinker, DB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Romme, William/C-7317-2016 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 26 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 732AT UT WOS:000185919200006 ER PT J AU Kaye, MW Stohlgren, TJ Binkley, D AF Kaye, MW Stohlgren, TJ Binkley, D TI Aspen structure and variability in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE belt transects; aspen decline; conifer invasion; elk browsing; Populus tremuloides ID PLANT DIVERSITY; AMERICAN ASPENS; TREMBLING ASPEN; FRONT RANGE; FIRE; ELK; FOREST; PINE; SIZE; REGENERATION AB Elk, fire and climate have influenced aspen populations in the Rocky Mountains, but mostly subjective studies have characterized these factors. A broad-scale perspective may shed new light on the status of aspen in the region. We collected field measurements of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) patches encountered within 36 randomly located belt transects in 340 km(2) of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, to quantify the aspen population. Aspen covered 5.6% of the area in the transects, much more than expected based on previously collected remotely sensed data. The distribution and structure of aspen patches were highly heterogeneous throughout the study area. Of the 123 aspen patches encountered in the 238 ha surveyed, all but one showed signs of elk browsing or had conifer species mixed with the aspen stems. No significant difference occurred in aspen basal area, density, regeneration, browsing of regeneration and patch size, between areas of concentrated elk use (elk winter range) and areas of dispersed elk use (elk summer range). Two-thirds of the aspen patches were mixed with conifer species. We concluded that the population of aspen in our study area is highly variable in structure and that, at a landscape-scale, evidence of elk browsing is widespread but evidence of aspen decline is not. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USGS, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kaye, MW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, POB 873211, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 6 BP 591 EP 603 DI 10.1023/A:1026065826336 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 730JH UT WOS:000185827300004 ER PT J AU Snyder, CD Young, JA Villella, R Lemarie, DP AF Snyder, CD Young, JA Villella, R Lemarie, DP TI Influences of upland and riparian land use patterns on stream biotic integrity SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biotic integrity; fish assemblages; gradient; land use; riparian; scale; stream habitat; urban; water quality ID FISH COMMUNITIES; WISCONSIN STREAMS; HABITAT STRUCTURE; WATER-QUALITY; INDEX; LANDSCAPE; ECOSYSTEM; COVER; CLASSIFICATION; PERSPECTIVE AB We explored land use, fish assemblage structure, and stream habitat associations in 20 catchments in Opequon Creek watershed, West Virginia. The purpose was to determine the relative importance of urban and agriculture land use on stream biotic integrity, and to evaluate the spatial scale ( i. e., whole- catchment vs riparian buffer) at which land use effects were most pronounced. We found that index of biological integrity ( IBI) scores were strongly associated with extent of urban land use in individual catchments. Sites that received ratings of poor or very poor based on IBI scores had > 7% of urban land use in their respective catchments. Habitat correlations suggested that urban land use disrupted flow regime, reduced water quality, and altered stream channels. In contrast, we found no meaningful relationship between agricultural land use and IBI at either whole- catchment or riparian scales despite strong correlations between percent agriculture and several important stream habitat measures, including nitrate concentrations, proportion of fine sediments in riffles, and the abundance of fish cover. We also found that variation in gradient ( channel slope) influenced responses of fish assemblages to land use. Urban land use was more disruptive to biological integrity in catchments with steeper channel slopes. Based on comparisons of our results in the topographically diverse Opequon Creek watershed with results from watersheds in flatter terrains, we hypothesize that the potential for riparian forests to mitigate effects of deleterious land uses in upland portions of the watershed is inversely related to gradient. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Snyder, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM craig_snyder@usgs.gov NR 56 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 647 EP 664 DI 10.1023/B:LAND.0000004178.41511.da PG 18 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 744NR UT WOS:000186639000002 ER PT J AU Krest, JM Harvey, JW AF Krest, JM Harvey, JW TI Using natural distributions of short-lived radium isotopes to quantify groundwater discharge and recharge SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PORE-WATER; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENTS; RA-224; EXCHANGE; ESTUARY; ZONES; METABOLISM; DESORPTION; NITROGEN AB Radium activity in pore water of wetland sediments often differs from the amount expected from local production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. This disequilibrium results from vertical transport of radium with groundwater that flows between the underlying aquifer and surface water. In situations where groundwater recharge or discharge is significant, the rate of vertical water flow through wetland sediment can be determined from the radium disequilibrium by a combined model of transport, production, decay, and exchange with solid phases. We have developed and tested this technique at three sites in the freshwater portion of the Everglades by quantifying vertical advective velocities in areas with persistent groundwater recharge or discharge and estimating a coefficient of dispersion at a site that is subject to reversals between recharge and discharge. Groundwater velocities (v) were determined to be between 0 and -0.5 cm d(-1) for a recharge site and 1.5 +/- 0.4 cm d(-1) for a discharge site near Levee 39 in the Everglades. Strong gradients in Ra-223 and Ra-224 usually occurred at the base of the peat layer, which avoided the problems of other tracers (e.g., chloride) for which greatest sensitivity occurs near the peat surface-a zone readily disturbed by processes unrelated to groundwater flow. This technique should be easily applicable to any wetland system with different production rates of these isotopes in distinct sedimentary layers or surface water. The approach is most straightforward in systems where constant pore-water ionic strength can be assumed, simplifying the modeling of radium exchange. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Krest, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Krest, James/C-2528-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013 OI Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 1 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664FA UT WOS:000182050000027 ER PT S AU Ferrer, I Thurman, EM AF Ferrer, I Thurman, EM BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Analysis of emerging contaminants SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HERBICIDES; GROUNDWATER; WATER; ACID AB In this overview chapter we will focus on the importance of emerging contaminants and their presence in the environment, as well as giving a description of this book. The environmental issue of emerging contaminants is tied to the analysis of wastewater samples using the new analytical methods of the last decade, especially LC/MS and LC/MS/MS. Thus, this book focuses on applications of LC/MS/MS to analyze unknowns in the aquatic environment. Emerging contaminants are defined as compounds that are not currently covered by existing regulations of water quality, that have not been previously studied, and that are thought to be a possible threat to environmental health and safety.. In particular the compounds that are addressed include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, surfactants, and pesticide degradates. The book has three main sections that address these issues with special attention to the analytical methods of mass spectrometry (such as triple quadrupoles, ion-traps, and quadrupole time-of-flight analyzers). All the different important aspects on today's emerging contaminants have been covered throughout the chapters. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ferrer, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS407, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 2 EP 13 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900001 ER PT S AU Thurman, EM Ferrer, I AF Thurman, EM Ferrer, I BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Comparison of quadrupole time-of-flight, triple quadrupole, and ion-trap mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the analysis of emerging contaminants SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PHARMACEUTICALS; GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENT; LC/MS/MS AB Unique types of structural information for pharmaceutical and pesticide degradates are derived from quadrupole-tirne-of-flight (Q-TOF), triple quadrupole, and quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instruments for the analysis of emerging contaminants in water. This chapter explains the unique features of the three instruments and gives examples of their complimentary nature. For example, the Q-TOF MS/MS is unique in its ability to give accurate mass measurements (1 to 2 millimass units) of the fragment ions that are ejected from the collision chamber, which give a high assurance of correct identification of unknowns, as well as an empirical formula of fragment ions. The triple quadrupole MS/MS has the unique feature of neutral loss, which allows both quadrupoles 1 and 3 to scan in tandem and is used for identifying unknowns in the chromatogram that are structurally related to one another by fragmentation losses within the molecule. Finally, the unique feature of the quadrupole ion-trap MS/MS is its ability to do MS to the n, which typically is MS3 or MS4 for most unknowns. This feature is used for structural elucidation by tracing the pathway of fragmentation within ion fragments. This chapter gives several examples of emerging-contaminant analysis that exemplify the unique features of these three instruments for the identification of unknown compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thurman, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 14 EP 31 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900002 ER PT S AU Thurman, EM Ferrer, I Furlong, ET AF Thurman, EM Ferrer, I Furlong, ET BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI TOF-MS and quadrupole ion-trap MS/MS for the discovery of herbicide degradates in groundwater SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL-WATERS; LEVEL DETERMINATION; POLAR PESTICIDES; ELECTROSPRAY; CHLOROACETANILIDE; METABOLITE AB Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS) and quadrupole ion-trap mass spectromefty/mass spectrometry (QIT/MS/MS) were combined for the identification and discovery of two new 2(nd) amide degradates of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor in groundwater. These degradates were hypothesized to be environmentally important intermediates in the degradation of these acetanilide herbicides with over 100 million pounds applied annually to soil. The strategy involved four steps. First was the theoretical hypothesis that the secondary-amide ESA of the acetanilide herbicides were present in groundwater because of similarities of structure and likelihood of degradation and persistence (called the discovery process). Second was the QIT/MS/MS analysis of several samples for the molecular ion and the characteristic fragmentation and diagnostic ions. Third was the synthesis of a standard and verification of standard with retention time and MS/MS spectra followed by accurate mass analysis and molecular formula with TOF/MS. Finally, the last step involved the discovery of these 2(nd) amide ESA degradates in groundwater with HPLC and QIT/MS/MS. The analytical procedure described herein has the potential for widespread use.in the discovery of degradates for many herbicides used on crops in the United States. The QIT/MS/MS is powerful for structural elucidation because of the capability of MSn. For example, two degradates with the same exact mass could be differentiated because of differences in MS/MS fragmentation. The TOF/MS analysis was useful for the assurance of synthesis of pure standards of the secondary-amide degradates. Analysis of 82 shallow groundwater samples from the Midwestern United States showed that the secondary amide of ESA degradates of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor occur at detection frequencies of 21-26%. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thurman, EM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 128 EP 144 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900008 ER PT S AU Furlong, ET Ferrer, I Gates, PM Cahill, JD Thurman, EM AF Furlong, ET Ferrer, I Gates, PM Cahill, JD Thurman, EM BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Identification of labile polar organic contaminants by atmospheric-pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIGNAL SUPPRESSION; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; RIVER WATER; SAMPLES; POLYETHOXYLATES; METABOLITES AB Mass spectrometry, in single or multiple stages, can be coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography by an atmospheric-pressure ionization interface (HPLC/MS or HPLC/MS/MS), thus providing a sensitive and selective tool for the identification and quantitation of labile polar organic contaminants in aquatic and sedimentary environments. An example is the identification of unknown compounds in a water sample showing substantial toxicity to plankton. This sample was analyzed by full-scan HPLC/MS with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization in the positive mode. Iterative, data-dependent HPLC/MS/MS analyses identified characteristic fragment ions for these compounds and confirmed the presence of an extended series of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant homologues at microgram-per-liter concentrations in these agriculturally influenced samples. An additional example is provided by the use of ion-trap HPLC/MS/MS with electrospray ionization to identify pharmaceuticals and cationic surfactants in sediment extracts at concentrations ranging from 2 to 200 ng/g. The MS/MS capabilities of this instrument permitted positive identification at subnanogram-per-gram concentrations in the presence of substantial coextracted interferences. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Furlong, ET (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM immaferrer@menta.net; immaferrer@menta.net RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2003 VL 850 BP 175 EP 187 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900011 ER PT S AU Vargo, JD Lee, EA Fuhrman, JD AF Vargo, JD Lee, EA Fuhrman, JD BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Interlaboratory comparison and validation of methods for chloroacetanilide and chloroacetamide soil degradates in environmental waters SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID METABOLITES; GROUNDWATER; HERBICIDES AB This paper describes a corroborative evaluation of three different analytical methods for the analysis of soil degradates of chloroacetanilide and chloroacetamide herbicides in environmental waters. Independent methodologies were developed at the University of Iowa Hygienic Laboratory (IHL), U.S. Geological Survey Laboratory (USGS) (Lawrence, KS.) and at Monsanto Company (MON) with the goal of quantitating the common soil degradates at concentrations below 0.1 mug/L. Liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is the fundamental basis of these methods which use differing approaches at concentration and MS detection. All methods quantified the ethanesulfonic acids (ESA) and oxanilic acids (OXA) of acetochlor (Ac), alachlor (Al), dimethenamid (Di) and metolachlor (Me). Correlation of results between laboratories was excellent. At residue levels >0.05 mug/L and using relative standard deviation (RSD) as an indicator of variability, the average RSD across labs for all surface water samples was 9.3% for the eight primary degradates. Overall, the average recovery from the laboratory fortified samples was nearly identical between laboratories. (C) 2003 American Chemical Society. C1 Univ Iowa, Hygien Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Fuhrman, JD (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Hygien Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 273 EP 290 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900016 ER PT S AU Lerch, RN Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Zablotowicz, RM AF Lerch, RN Ferrer, I Thurman, EM Zablotowicz, RM BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Identification of trifluralin metabolites in soil using ion-trap LC/MS/MS SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; DEGRADATION; ATRAZINE; PESTICIDES AB Trifluralin degradation in soils is complex, potentially resulting in the formation of 28 metabolites. The objective of this research was to develop an approach for the identification of trifluralin metabolites in soils using ion-trap liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Authentic standards of the parent and six metabolites were used to establish appropriate instrument conditions and precursor ion (PI) fragmentation patterns to confirm their identity, as well as to facilitate confirmation of metabolites for which authentic standards were not available. Two soils from herbicide spill sites known to be contaminated with trifluralin were selected for study because of their high potential for metabolite detection. Soils were extracted with 70% aqueous acetonitrile, filtered, and directly injected into the ion-trap LC/MS/MS. Trifluralin metabolites were then identified as follows: 1) screen for PI masses; 2) compare retention time of the PI peak to standards; and 3) obtain PI spectra and compare fragmentation with standards. The validity of this approach was confirmed for the identification of metabolite, TR-20. Preliminary results identified the presence of up to eight metabolites in the soils, and the array of metabolites present were indicative of aerobic trifluralin degradation. (C) 2003 American Chemical Society. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Natl Water Qual Lab, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lerch, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1406 E Rollins Rd,Room 265, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008; OI Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851; Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 291 EP 310 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900017 ER PT S AU Leenheer, JA Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Rostad, CE AF Leenheer, JA Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Rostad, CE BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Charge characteristics and fragmentation of polycarboxylic acids by electrospray ionization-multistage tandem mass spectrometry SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID FULVIC-ACID AB The majority of dissolved organic matter (DOM), both natural and anthropogenic in water is dominated by polycarboxylic acid structures. When these polycarboxylic acids are subjected to either positive or negative ESI/MS, a mixture. of molecular aggregates, multiply-charged species, and cationic adducts (Na+, K+, NH4+) result. These ions obscure the molecular-weight distributions of DOM. ESI/MS/MS studies of polyacrylic acid found that multiple charges formed every 8-10 carbon atoms in this linear polymer, and that singly charged ions could be distinguished from multiply charged ions in the MS/MS spectra by ion loss differences caused by water loss (18/n) and carbon dioxide loss (44/n) where n is the number of charges. ESI/MS/MS studies of glycyrrhizic acid and Suwannee River falvic acid found that multiply-charged ions fragmented into singly charged ions that could be structurally elucidated by progressive fragmentation by ESI/MS/MS. Methylation minimized both multiple charges and molecular aggregate ions so that molecular weight distributions could be estimated by negative ESI/MS provided there were ionizable alcohol groups in the polycarboxylic acid molecules. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Leenheer, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Bldg 95,MS 408, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 312 EP 324 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900018 ER PT S AU Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Thurman, EM AF Ferrer, I Furlong, ET Thurman, EM BE Ferrer, I Thurman, EM TI Identification of homologue unknowns in wastewater by ion trap MSn: The diagnostic-ion approach SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY, MS/MS AND TIME-OF-FLIGHT MS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Analysis of Emerging Contaminants Using Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry and MS held at the 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOLS); DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; SAMPLES AB A novel approach to identify unknown surfactants in wastewater samples was developed using LC/MS/MS and the concept of diagnostic and double diagnostic ions. The diagnostic ion is defined as a fragment ion found in all members of a family of surfactants that is characteristic of the family. The double diagnostic ions are fragment ions found only using MS3 and are unique to ion trap mass spectrometry. In this work, different homologues of three families of surfactants; (polyethylene glycol, nonylphenol ethoxylates and alcohol polyethoxylates) were identified in environmental wastewater by using this approach. Several diagnostic ions were obtained for polyethylene glycol homologues using MS'. They included m/z 89, 133, and 177, which are ions formed by the fragmentation and cyclization of the ethylene-glycol chain. Double diagnostic ions for nonylphenol ethoxylates and alcohol polyethoxylates were obtained by MS'. This approach is uniquely suited to ion trap MS and illustrates the power of LC/MSn for identifying unknowns in complex environmental wastewater samples. (C) 2003 American Chemical Society. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Ferrer, I (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011; Ferrer, Imma/A-8161-2008 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603; Ferrer, Imma/0000-0002-8730-7851 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3825-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2003 VL 850 BP 376 EP 393 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BX37Z UT WOS:000185089900022 ER PT B AU Johnson, DH Browder, SF Winter, M AF Johnson, DH Browder, SF Winter, M BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Grassland bird communities and environmental health: The role of landscape features SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; NORTH-DAKOTA; INDICATORS; PREDATION; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; GUILDS C1 US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Johnson, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 595 EP 602 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100063 ER PT B AU Rocke, TE Friend, M AF Rocke, TE Friend, M BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Wildlife disease in the Colorado Delta as an indicator of ecosystem health SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; GLOBAL CLIMATE; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; CHOLERA C1 US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. RP Rocke, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Madison, WI USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 1111 EP 1124 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100110 ER PT B AU Mora, MA Garcia, J Carpio-Obeso, M King, KA AF Mora, MA Garcia, J Carpio-Obeso, M King, KA BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI Contaminants without borders: A regional assessment of the Colorado River Delta ecosystem SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID MEXICALI VALLEY; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SELENIUM; ORGANOCHLORINES; BIRDS; BORON; RESIDUES; DDT C1 US Geol Survey, College Stn, TX USA. RP Mora, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, College Stn, TX USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 1125 EP 1134 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100111 ER PT B AU Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Squillace, PJ AF Moran, MJ Zogorski, JS Squillace, PJ BE Rapport, DJ Lasley, WL Rolston, DE Nielsen, NO Qualset, CO Damania, AB TI MTBE in groundwater of the US: Occurrence, potential sources, and long-range transport SO MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Managing for Healthy Ecosystems CY AUG 15-20, 1999 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SACRAMENTO, CA HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS ID GASOLINE-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; TERT-BUTYL ETHER; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; FATE C1 US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Moran, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rapid City, SD USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-612-2 PY 2003 BP 1435 EP 1446 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV80A UT WOS:000180070100135 ER PT J AU Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Boynton, WR Capone, DG AF Marvin-DiPasquale, MC Boynton, WR Capone, DG TI Benthic sulfate reduction along the Chesapeake bay central channel. II. Temporal controls SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE sulfate reduction; benthic metabolism; sediment; estuary; Chesapeake Bay ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; COASTAL MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; LITTLE-ROCK LAKE; SULFUR CYCLE; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ORGANIC-CARBON; PLANKTON COMMUNITY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; ELEMENTAL SULFUR AB Seasonal and interannual controls of benthic sulfate reduction (SR) were examined at 3 sites (upper [UB], mid- [MB] and lower [LB] bay) along the Chesapeake Bay central channel, from early spring through fall, for 6 yr (1989 to 1994). The combined influences of temperature, sulfate, organic loading and bioturbation affected seasonal SR rates differently in the 3 regions. Consistently low SR rates at UB resulted from low overlying-water sulfate concentrations and the dominance of refractory organic terrestrial material. Combined seasonal variation in temperature and sulfate accounted for 50% of the annual variability in 0 to 2 cm depth interval SR rates, while sediment organic content had no significant seasonal influence. In contrast, MB and LB sites had high rates of SR fostered by high levels of overlying water SO42- and organic input dominated by labile phytoplankton detritus. New organic loading (measured as chl a) stimulated 0 to 2 cm SR during spring at both sites. Combined organic quantity (as particulate C and/or N) and temperature accounted for >75% of the variability in 0 to 2 cm SR at MB during spring and fall. Molecular diffusion supplied 25 to 45% of the SO42- needed to fuel 0 to 12 cm depth interval SR at MB, with the balance presumably supplied by S-recycling. Interannual differences in summertime SR rates were linked to the extent of freshwater flow during spring, with high-flow years associated with high SR rates at UB and MB, and low rates at LB. The negative trend between benthic SR and river flow at LB may result from the up-estuary transport of senescing organic matter in bottom water, which increases in the lower reach of the estuary with increasing freshwater inflow. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Marvin-DiPasquale, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, MS 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mmarvin@usgs.gov RI Boynton, Walter/C-3035-2012 NR 69 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 260 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.3354/meps260055 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 740UT UT WOS:000186420500005 ER PT J AU Hermsen, JM Collie, JS Valentine, PC AF Hermsen, JM Collie, JS Valentine, PC TI Mobile fishing gear reduces benthic megafaunal production on Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE benthic communities; benthic production; fishing impacts; habitat disturbance; scallop dredging ID SECONDARY PRODUCTION; MARINE RESERVES; DISTURBANCE; IMPACTS; MACROFAUNA; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; BAY AB This study addresses the effect of mobile fishing gear disturbance on benthic megafaunal production on the gravel pavement of northern Georges Bank. From 1994 to 2000, we sampled benthic megafauna with a 1 m Naturalists' dredge at shallow (47 to 62 m) and deep (80 to 90 m) sites. The cessation of fishing in large areas of Georges Bank in January 1995 allowed us to monitor changes in production at a previously disturbed site. Production at a shallow disturbed site varied little over the sampling period (32 to 57 kcal m(-2) yr(-1)) and was markedly lower than production at the nearby recovering site, where production increased from 17 kcal m(-2) yr(-1) in 1994 before the closure to 215 kcal m(-2) yr(-1) in 2000. Atlantic sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus and green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis dominated production at the recovering site. The community production:biomass ratio decreased over time at the recovering site as the sea scallop population matured. At the deep sites, production remained significantly higher at undisturbed sites (174 to 256 kcal m(-2) yr(-1)) than at disturbed sites (30 to 52 kcal m(-2) yr(-1)). The soft-bodied tube-building polychaete Thelepus cincinnatus dominated production at the undisturbed site, while hard-shelled bivalve molluscs Astarte spp. and P. magellanicus were prevalent at the disturbed site. Mobile fishing gear disturbance has a conspicuous effect on benthic megafaunal production in this hard-bottom habitat. Cessation of mobile fishing has resulted in a marked increase in benthic megafaunal production. These findings should help fishery managers to gauge the costs and benefits of management tools such as area closures and low-impact fishing gears. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hermsen, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, Fishery Stat Off, 1 Blackburn Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM jerome.hermsen@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 260 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.3354/meps260097 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 740UT UT WOS:000186420500008 ER PT J AU Tobias, C Giblin, A McClelland, J Tucker, J Peterson, B AF Tobias, C Giblin, A McClelland, J Tucker, J Peterson, B TI Sediment DIN fluxes and preferential recycling of benthic microalgal nitrogen in a shallow macrotidal estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; benthic microalgae; microphytobenthos; stable isotopes; biomarkers; nutrient flux; denitrification ID COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; AMMONIA DIFFUSION METHOD; ESTIMATING DENITRIFICATION; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; FRINGING MARSH; SEA SEDIMENTS; AMINO-ACIDS; NITRATE; WATERS AB Sediment-water fluxes of NH4+, NO3-, dissolved inorganic carbon, and O-2 were measured in cores collected from the upper Rowley River estuary, Massachusetts, and used to calculate rates of organic nitrogen (N) mineralization, nitrification, and coupled and direct denitrification (DNF). The cores contained N-15 label in benthic microalgae (BMA) and in NO3- in the overlying water as a result of an ongoing whole-estuary (NO3-)-N-15 enrichment study (NISOTREX II). The tracer allowed for estimation of gross NO3- regeneration in sediments and the contribution of BMA derived N to total mineralization. The mean mineralization rate between sites was 16.0 +/- 2.0 mmol N m(-2) d(-1). Approximately 13 to 56% of the mineralized N was nitrified at rates ranging from 1.8 to 10.1 mmol N m(-2) d(-1). Total denitrification was dominated by direct DNF (3.6 mmol N m(-2) d(-1)) furthest upstream, where NO3- concentrations were highest. Coupled DNF was most important (8.0 mmol N m-2 d(-1)) in the sediments with high nitrification and low water column NO3-. A gross NO3- flux from sediments to water of 0.9 to 2.1 mmol N m(-2) d(-1) was estimated from the isotope dilution of delta(15)NO(3)(-) in the overlying water of the cores. The isotope dilution seen in the cores was also detected as a deviation from conservative delta(15)NO(3)(-) mixing along estuarine transects. Incorporation of this NO3- regeneration into the DNF calculations effectively increased the estimate of direct DNF by up to 50% and decreased the coupled DNF estimate by up to 220%. Increasing delta(15)NH(4)(+) in the water of the cores indicated that the N-15-labelled BMA were preferentially mineralized over bulk sediment organic N. Additional N-15 enrichments in the sediment bacterial biomarker diaminopimelic acid showed a link among N-15-labeled BMA, active bacteria, and (15)NH(4)(+)released to the overlying water. Based on delta(15)NH(4)(+) enrichments in the cores, BMA accounted for approximately 50 to 100% of the N mineralized. An isotopic enrichment of delta(15)NH(4)(+) above background in the estuary was observed at a magnitude consistent with the core-based rates of BMA mineralization. These results provide further evidence that BMA are not unidirectional sinks for water column-dissolved organic nitrogen, but instead act to turn over N between sediments and estuarine water on the scale of days. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Tobias, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA USA. EM crtobias@usgs.gov RI McClelland, James/C-5396-2008 OI McClelland, James/0000-0001-9619-8194 NR 50 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 22 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 257 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.3354/meps257025 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 717BJ UT WOS:000185065500003 ER PT J AU Wallace, WG Luoma, SN AF Wallace, WG Luoma, SN TI Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. II. Significance of trophically available metal (TAM) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE subcellular compartmentalization; Cd; Zn; bivalves; trophic transfer; detoxification ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; MACOMA-BALTHICA; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; BODY-SIZE; WESTERSCHELDE ESTUARY; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; ZOOPLANKTON PREY; GRASS SHRIMP AB This paper examines how the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the bivalves Macoma balthica and Potamocorbula amurensis may affect the trophic transfer of metal to predators. Results show that the partitioning of metals to organelles, 'enzymes' and metallothioneins (MT) comprise a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (TAM; i.e. metal trophically available to predators), and that because this partitioning varies with species, animal size and metal, TAM is similarly influenced. Clams from San Francisco Bay, California, were exposed for 14 d to 3.5 mug l(-1) Cd and 20.5 mug l(-1) Zn, including Cd-109 and Zn-65 as radiotracers, and were used in feeding experiments with grass shrimp Palaemon macrodatylus, or used to investigate the subcellular partitioning of metal. Grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated R amurensis absorbed similar to60% of ingested Cd, which was in accordance with the partitioning of Cd to the bivalve's TAM compartment (i.e. Cd associated with organelles, 'enzymes' and MT); a similar relationship was found in previous studies with grass shrimp fed Cd-contaminated oligochaetes. Thus, TAM may be used as a tool to predict the trophic transfer of at least Cd. Subcellular fractionation revealed that similar to34% of both the Cd and Zn accumulated by M. balthica was associated with TAM, while partitioning to TAM in P. amurensis was metal-dependent (similar to60% for TAM-Cd%, similar to73%, for TAM-Zn%). The greater TAM-Cd%) of P. amurensis than M balthica is due to preferential binding of Cd to MT and 'enzymes', while enhanced TAM-Zn% of P. amurensis results from a greater binding of Zn to organelles. TAM for most species-metal combinations was size-dependent, decreasing with increased clam size. Based on field data, it is estimated that of the 2 bivalves, P. amurensis poses the greater threat of Cd exposure to predators because of higher tissue concentrations and greater partitioning as TAM; exposure of Zn to predators would be similar between these species. C1 CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Ctr Environm Sci, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wallace, WG (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Ctr Environm Sci, 6S-310,2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM wallace@postbox.csi.cuny.edu NR 57 TC 173 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 257 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.3354/meps257125 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 717BJ UT WOS:000185065500012 ER PT J AU May, CL Koseff, JR Lucas, LV Cloern, JE Schoellhamer, DH AF May, CL Koseff, JR Lucas, LV Cloern, JE Schoellhamer, DH TI Effects of spatial and temporal variability of turbidity on phytoplankton blooms SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE estuaries; coastal ecosystems; light limitation; turbidity; phytoplankton; numerical modeling; coastal eutrophication; nutrient enrichment ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; LIGHT ATTENUATION; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; ESTUARIES; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; PRODUCTIVITY; GROWTH; BIOMASS AB A central challenge of coastal ecology is sorting out the interacting spatial and temporal components of environmental variability that combine to drive changes in phytoplankton biomass. For 2 decades, we have combined sustained observation and experimentation in South San Francisco Bay (SSFB) with numerical modeling analyses to search for general principles that define phytoplankton population responses to physical dynamics characteristic of shallow, nutrient-rich coastal waters having complex bathymetry and influenced by tides, wind and river flow. This study is the latest contribution where we investigate light-limited phytoplankton growth using a numerical model, by modeling turbidity as a function of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). The goal was to explore the sensitivity of estuarine phytoplankton dynamics to spatial and temporal variations in turbidity, and to synthesize outcomes of simulation experiments into a new conceptual framework for defining the combinations of physical-biological forcings that promote or preclude development of phytoplankton blooms in coastal ecosystems. The 3 main conclusions of this study are: (1) The timing of the wind with semidiurnal tides and the spring-neap cycle can significantly enhance spring-neap variability in turbidity and phytoplankton biomass; (2) Fetch is a significant factor potentially affecting phytoplankton dynamics by enhancing and/or creating spatial variability in turbidity; and (3) It is possible to parameterize the combined effect of the processes influencing turbidity-and thus affecting potential phytoplankton bloom development-with 2 indices for vertical and horizontal clearing of the water column. Our conceptual framework is built around these 2 indices, providing a means to determine under what conditions a phytoplankton bloom can occur, and whether a potential bloom is only locally supported or system-wide in scale. This conceptual framework provides a tool for exploring the inherent light climate attributes of shallow estuarine ecosystems and helps determine susceptibility to the harmful effects of nutrient enrichment. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Serv, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Serv, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kmay@stanford.edu RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Ross, Donald/F-7607-2012; OI Ross, Donald/0000-0002-8659-3833; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 NR 40 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 39 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 254 BP 111 EP 128 DI 10.3354/meps254111 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 696LD UT WOS:000183887600011 ER PT J AU Wawrik, B Paul, JH Campbell, L Griffin, D Houchin, L Fuentes-Ortega, A Muller-Karger, F AF Wawrik, B Paul, JH Campbell, L Griffin, D Houchin, L Fuentes-Ortega, A Muller-Karger, F TI Vertical structure of the phytoplankton community associated with a coastal plume in the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE RubisCO; gene expression; Gulf of Mexico; Prochlorococcus; Synechococcus; coastal plume; recycled production; microdiversity ID CARBOXYLASE GENE-EXPRESSION; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PROCHLOROCOCCUS POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; STATION ALOHA; CARBON; PICOPHYTOPLANKTON AB Low salinity plumes of coastal origin are occasionally found far offshore, where they display a distinct color signature detectable by satellites. The impact of such plumes on carbon fixation and phytoplankton community structure in vertical profiles and on basin wide scales is poorly understood. On a research cruise in June 1999, ocean-color satellite-images (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, SeaWiFS) were used in locating a Mississippi River plume in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Profiles sampled within and outside of the plume were analyzed using flow cytometry, HPLC pigment analysis and primary production using C-14 incorporation. Additionally, RubisCO large subunit (rbcL) gene expression was measured by hybridization of extracted RNA using 3 full-length RNA gene probes specific for individual phytoplankton clades. We also used a combination of RT-PCR/PCR and TA cloning in order to generate cDNA and DNA rbcL clone libraries from samples taken in the plume. Primary productivity was greatest in the low salinity surface layer of the plume. The plume was also associated with high Synechococcus counts and a strong peak in Form IA rbcL expression. Form IB rbcL (green algal) mRNA was abundant at the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM), whereas Form ID rbcL (chromophytic) expression showed little vertical structure. Phylogenetic analysis of cDNA libraries demonstrated the presence of Form IA rbcL Synechococcus phylotypes in the plume. Below the plume, 2 spatially separated and genetically distinct rbcL clades of Prochlorococcus were observed. This indicated the presence of the high- and low-light adapted clades of Prochlorococcus. A large and very diverse clade of Prymnesiophytes was distributed throughout the water column, whereas a clade of closely related prasinophytes may have dominated at the SCM. These data indicate that the Mississippi river plume may dramatically alter the surface picoplankton composition of the Gulf of Mexico, with Synechococcus displacing Prochlorococcus in the surface waters. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Paul, JH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jpaul@seas.marine.usf.edu RI Campbell, Lisa/E-6587-2011 OI Campbell, Lisa/0000-0003-2756-2743 NR 52 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 251 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.3354/meps251087 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 679JP UT WOS:000182917300008 ER PT J AU Wallace, WG Lee, BG Luoma, SN AF Wallace, WG Lee, BG Luoma, SN TI Subcellular compartmentalization of Cd and Zn in two bivalves. I. Significance of metal-sensitive fractions (MSF) and biologically detoxified metal (BDM) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE subcellular compartmentalization; Cd; Zn; bivalves; toxicity; detoxification ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; CADMIUM TROPHIC TRANSFER; MACOMA-BALTHICA; POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS; BODY-SIZE; NATURAL FACTORS; GRASS SHRIMP; METALLOTHIONEIN; ACCUMULATION; EXPOSURE AB Many aspects of metal accumulation in aquatic invertebrates (i.e. toxicity, tolerance and trophic transfer) can be understood by examining the subcellular partitioning of accumulated metal. In this paper, we use a compartmentalization approach to interpret the significance of metal, species and size dependence in the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Zn in the bivalves Macoma balthica and Potamocorbula amurensis. Of special interest is the compartmentalization of metal as metal-sensitive fractions (MSF) (i.e. organelles and heat-sensitive proteins, termed 'enzymes' hereafter) and biologically detoxified metal (BDM) (i.e. metallothioneins [MT] and metal-rich granules [MRG]). Clams from San Francisco Bay, CA, were exposed for 14 d to seawater (20parts per thousand salinity) containing 3.5 mug 1(-1) Cd and 20.5 mug 1(-1) Zn, including Cd-109 and Zn-65 as radiotracers. Uptake was followed by 21 d of depuration. The subcellular partitioning of metal within clams was examined following exposure and loss. P. amurensis accumulated similar to22x more Cd and similar to2x more Zn than M balthica. MT played an important role in the storage of Cd in P. amurensis, while organelles were the major site of Zn accumulation. In M balthica, Cd and Zn partitioned similarly, although the pathway of detoxification was metal-specific (MRG for Cd; MRG and MT for Zn). Upon loss, M balthica depurated similar to40% of Cd with Zn being retained; P. amurensis retained Cd and depurated Zn (similar to40%). During efflux, Cd and Zn concentrations in the MSF compartment of both clams declined with metal either being lost from the animal or being transferred to the BDM compartment. Subcellular compartmentalization was also size-dependent, with the importance of BDM increasing with clam size; MSF decreased accordingly. We hypothesized that progressive retention of metal as BDM (i.e. MRG) with age may lead to size dependency of metal concentrations often observed in some populations of M. balthica. C1 CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Ctr Environm Sci, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wallace, WG (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Ctr Environm Sci, 6S-310,2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM wallace@postbox.csi.cuny.edu NR 55 TC 294 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 48 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 249 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.3354/meps249183 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 664WF UT WOS:000182086100015 ER PT J AU La Peyre, MK Nickens, AD Volety, AK Tolley, GS La Peyre, JF AF La Peyre, MK Nickens, AD Volety, AK Tolley, GS La Peyre, JF TI Environmental significance of freshets in reducing Perkinsus marinus infection in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica: potential management applications SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dermo; Perkinsus marinus; Crassostrea virginica; freshet; infection intensity; mortality; osmolality; condition index ID DEFENSE-RELATED ACTIVITIES; SALINITY; TEMPERATURE; DISEASE; GMELIN; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; APICOMPLEXA; POPULATIONS; PROGRESSION; PATHOGEN AB The effects of extreme freshwater events on Perkinsus marinus-Crassostrea virginica interactions remain unexplored. The effects of freshwater events on R marinus infection in C. virginica and oyster survival were therefore examined in controlled laboratory experiments and a field study. For the laboratory experiments, oysters were collected in spring, summer and winter from an area in Louisiana where R marinus is endemic. Oysters were placed in 2 recirculating water systems at a salinity and temperature similar to their collection site. They were subjected to 2 salinity treatments (freshet and control). Freshet events were simulated by reducing the water to salinities of 0 to 1 ppt over a 48 h period, and maintained for a 21 d period. Control oysters were maintained at the initial salinity. Thirty oysters were sampled prior to the freshet event, and 30 oysters per treatment group (freshet, control) were sampled on Days 7, 14 and 21 after initiation of the freshet event. Oyster mortality, R marinus infection intensities, oyster condition index and oyster plasma osmolality were measured in weekly samples. All 3 simulated freshet events (i.e. spring, summer, winter) resulted in a significant reduction in P. marinus infection intensity, but failed to eliminate infection. The failure of the oyster plasma to reach very low osmolality (<50 mOsm kg(-1)) provides a likely explanation for the lack of complete P. marinus elimination. The field study involved sampling oysters monthly in the Caloosahatchee estuary, Florida, from September 2000 to February 2002, and determining P. marinus weighted prevalence and condition index of wild oysters, and growth and survival of caged juvenile oysters. The data strongly support the contention that the numerous freshwater releases to the Caloosahatchee River kept P. marinus infection intensities in oysters at low levels, resulting in an overall low weighted prevalence, low oyster mortality and good growth. Data from our field study appear to support the hypothesis that repetitive and well-timed freshet events can prevent infection of oysters with P. marinus or at least maintain P. marinus infections at non-lethal intensities (e.g. <10(6) parasites g(-1) wet tissue) in oyster populations. The use of an adaptive management approach involving control of freshwater inflows could be invaluable to the oyster industry in areas close to freshwater diversion projects. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Cooperat Aquat Anim Hlth Res Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Div Ecol Studies, Ft Myers, FL 33912 USA. RP La Peyre, MK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Fish & Wildlife Cooperat Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mlapey@lsu.edu NR 49 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 248 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.3354/meps248165 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 659GX UT WOS:000181769500012 ER PT J AU Taggart, SJ Hooge, PN Mondragon, J Hooge, ER Andrews, AG AF Taggart, SJ Hooge, PN Mondragon, J Hooge, ER Andrews, AG TI Living on the edge: distribution of Dungeness crab Cancer magister in a recently deglaciated fjord SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Dungeness crab; recruitment; post-settlement mortality; fjord; oceanography; temperature; salinity ID LARVAL TRANSPORT; ESTUARINE; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; SURVIVAL; RECRUITMENT; POSTLARVAE; HABITATS; BEHAVIOR AB Glacier Bay, Alaska, has supported a productive Dungeness crab fishery, although the area where the fishery occurred was small relative to the remainder of the Bay. We hypothesized that 1 or more abiotic limiting factors prevented crabs from surviving in the upper Bay. We tested this hypothesis by systematically sampling for relative abundance of Dungeness crabs from the mouth to the head of the Bay, We measured salinity, temperature and turbidity at each of the sampling sites and at permanent stations to characterize the habitat within and among years. We expected to find a completely truncated spatial distribution. Instead, we found that adult Dungeness crabs can survive in habitats heavily influenced by tidewater glaciers. There were significantly fewer crabs in the upper Bay and a sharp decrease in abundance around 40 km from the mouth of the Bay. The region of the Bay beyond 40 km from the mouth had a very low density of predominately adult male crabs. The narrow size frequency distribution and the lack of small crabs is consistent with poor survival in one of the pre-adult life stages in the upper Bay. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. RP Taggart, SJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, POB 240009, Douglas, AK 99824 USA. EM jim_taggart@usgs.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2003 VL 246 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.3354/meps246241 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 647GM UT WOS:000181085100019 ER PT J AU Estes, JA Hatfield, BB Ralls, K Ames, J AF Estes, JA Hatfield, BB Ralls, K Ames, J TI Causes of mortality in California sea otters during periods of population growth and decline SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California sea otter; Enhydra lutris nereis; mortality; population trends; salvage of beach-cast carcasses ID PATTERNS AB Elevated mortality appears to be the main reason for both sluggish growth and periods of decline in the threatened California sea otter population. We assessed causes of mortality from salvage records of 3,105 beach-cast carcasses recovered from 1968 through 1999, contrasting two periods of growth with two periods of decline. Overall, an estimated 40%-60% of the deaths were not recovered and 70% of the recovered carcasses died from unknown causes. Nonetheless, several common patterns were evident in the salvage records during the periods of population decline. These included greater percentages of (1) prime age animals (3-10 yr), (2) carcasses killed by great white shark attacks, (3) carcasses recovered in spring and summer, and (4) carcasses for which the cause of death was unknown. Neither sex composition nor the proportion of carcasses dying of infectious disease varied consistently between periods of population increase and decline. The population decline from 1976 to 1984 was likely due to incidental mortality in a set-net fishery, and the decline from 1995 to 1999 may be related to a developing live-fish fishery. Long-term trends unrelated to periods of growth and decline included a decrease in per capita pup production and mass/length ratios of adult carcasses over the 31-yr study. The generally high proportion of deaths from infectious disease suggests that this factor has contributed to the chronically sluggish growth rate of the California sea otter population. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. US Geol Survey, San Simeon, CA 93452 USA. Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Estes, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, 100 Shafter Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 30 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 198 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01102.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 631ZQ UT WOS:000180198700014 ER PT J AU Paulson, AJ Sharack, B Zdanowicz, V AF Paulson, AJ Sharack, B Zdanowicz, V TI Trace metals in ribbed mussels from Arthur Kill, New York/New jersey, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE mussels; trace metals; Geukensia demissa; Arthur Kill; New Jersey; New York C1 USGS Water Resources Div, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. NOAA Fisheries, James J Howard Lab, Highlands, NJ 07716 USA. US Customs Serv, Res Lab, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. RP USGS Water Resources Div, 1201 Pacific Ave,Suite 600, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 139 EP 145 AR PII S0025-326X(02)00312-0 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00312-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 646BH UT WOS:000181014600029 PM 12535980 ER PT S AU Lowenstern, JB AF Lowenstern, JB BE DeVivo, B Bodnar, RJ TI Melt inclusions come of age: Volatiles, volcanoes, and Sorby's legacy SO MELT INCLUSIONS IN VOLCANIC SYSTEMS: METHODS, APPLICATIONS AND PROBLEMS SE Developments in Volcanology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop-Short Course on Volcanic Systems CY SEP 26-30, 2002 CL SORRENTO, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Univ Napoli Fedrico II, Campania Reg Govt ID TEN-THOUSAND-SMOKES; MOUNT ST-HELENS; BISHOP-TUFF; SILICATE MELTS; GLASS INCLUSIONS; QUARTZ PHENOCRYSTS; FLUID INCLUSIONS; NEW-MEXICO; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; COMPLETE MISCIBILITY AB Despite nearly forty years of modem research on silicate melt inclusions (MI), only within the past 10-15 years have volcanologists and petrologists come to regularly accept their utility for characterizing magmatic systems. Their relatively slow acceptance was likely due to a number of factors including: 1) Lack of reliable analytical techniques, 2) Concern that MI represent anomalous boundary-layer melts or are altered by leakage or post-entrapment crystallization, 3) Data sets indicative of heterogeneous melts and, 4) Homogenization temperatures greater than those calculated by other techniques. With improvements in analytical methods and careful studies of MI systematics, workers are increasingly convinced of the utility of these features to unravel the complexities of volcanic systems: melt inclusions have "come of age." Recent studies provide compelling evidence for the compositions of dissolved and exsolved volatiles in magma reservoirs. Evidence for immiscibility of gases, hydrosaline brines and pegmatitic fluids demonstrate that magmatic phase relations are often more complicated than can be inferred by inspection of crystalline phases alone. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lowenstern, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Mail Stop 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Lowenstern, Jacob/0000-0003-0464-7779 NR 139 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-644X BN 0-444-51151-2 J9 DEV VOLCANO PY 2003 VL 5 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BX60E UT WOS:000185823100001 ER PT B AU Kelley, KD Leach, DL Johnson, CA Slack, JF Dumoulin, JA King, AR AF Kelley, KD Leach, DL Johnson, CA Slack, JF Dumoulin, JA King, AR BE Eliopoulous, DG TI The giant Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag massive sulfide deposits, northwestern Alaska, USA: Basin setting and conditions of ore formation SO MINERAL EXPLORATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial SGA Meeting CY AUG 24-28, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE SP Soc Geol Appl DE sediment-hosted deposits; Red Dog; zinc ores; Alaska AB The Red Dog district contains the largest zinc deposits in the world. These deposits formed in a rifted, restricted basin, flanked by carbonate platforms along a passive continental margin at about 338 Ma. Sphalerite and galena are hosted in organic matter-rich (average total organic content of 4.6 wt.%) mudstone and shale and carbonate turbidite layers within the Kuna Formation. Metal-bearing brines (14 to 15 wt.% NaCl equiv.) were focused along faults and discharged near the seafloor where they partly replaced carbonate and barite. Sphaterite exhibits a general trend of increasing Fe and Co and decreasing Mn, Tl and Ge contents from early to late stages, probably indicating an increase in the oxygen fugacity and a decrease in the sulfur fugacity of the ore-forming fluid over time. Sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides going progressively from low to high values with time (from about -30 to about +7 per mil) and barites with delta(34)S values from 0 to 60 per mil suggest that sulfate that resided in pore fluids, in overlying seawater or in earlier-formed barite was reduced to H2S at or near the site of barite deposition. Methane or hydrocarbon oxidation, a process characterized by unusually fast kinetics, may have been a path to sulfate reduction. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelley, KD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-77-1 PY 2003 BP 689 EP 692 PG 4 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BAA82 UT WOS:000221378600171 ER PT B AU Bouabdellah, M Leach, D Johnson, C AF Bouabdellah, M Leach, D Johnson, C BE Eliopoulous, DG TI Geochemical characteristics of the Assif El Mal Zn-Pb (Cu, Ag) vein system: High Atlas Mountains, Morocco SO MINERAL EXPLORATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial SGA Meeting CY AUG 24-28, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE SP Soc Geol Appl DE High Atlas Mountains; vein system; Mesozoic; extensional tectonics ID ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; ERDOUZ AREA; DEFORMATIONS; DEPOSITS AB The Assif El Mal Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag vein deposit located in the High Atlas mountains of Morocco, crosscuts Cambrian-Ordovician metasedimentary rocks and is spatially associated with Hercynian granodiorite intrusions. Sphalerite and galena have average (SCDT)-S-34 values of 24.1 and 20.9parts per thousand, respectively. Coexisting sphalerite-galena pairs give an isotopic equilibration temperature range of 130 to 300degreesC that overlap the 70 to 150degreesC range obtained from fluid inclusions. The high S-34 values preclude an igneous source for sulfur, pointing instead to a sedimentary source (oxidized sulfur which was thermochemically reduced). The formation of the Assif El Mal mineralized veins may be linked to Mesozoic extensional tectonics. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bouabdellah, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,Mail Stop 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-77-1 PY 2003 BP 949 EP 951 PG 3 WC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BAA82 UT WOS:000221378600234 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ Ellis, MS AF Nichols, DJ Ellis, MS TI US Geological Survey resource assessment of selected tertiary coal zones in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota SO MINING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB In 1999, 1 Gt (1.1 billion st) of coal was produced in the United States. Of this total, 37% was produced in Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota. Coals of Tertiary age from these states typically have low ash contents. Most of these coals have sulfur contents that are in compliance with Clean Air Act standards and most have low concentrations of the trace elements that are of environmental concern. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Coal Resource Assessment for these states includes geologic, stratigraphic, palynologic and geochemical studies and resource calculations for major Tertiary coal zones in the Powder River, Williston, Greater Green River, Hanna and Carbon Basins. Calculated resources are 595 Gt (655 billion st). Results of the study are available in a USGS Professional Paper and a USGS Open- File Report, both in CD-ROM format. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0026-5187 J9 MIN ENG-LITTLETON JI Mining Eng. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA 638WX UT WOS:000180596500022 ER PT B AU DeAngelis, D Mooij, WM AF DeAngelis, D Mooij, WM BE Canham, CD Cole, JJ Lauenroth, WK TI In praise of mechanistically rich models SO MODELS IN ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Cary Conference CY MAY, 2001 CL Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY HO Inst Ecosyst Studies ID POPULATION VIABILITY; SEMIARID SAVANNAS; SIMULATION-MODEL; SNAIL KITE; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; COMMUNITIES; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION; EXTINCTION AB Simplicity is widely regarded as a virtue in ecological models. We suggest that the quest for the simplest models necessary to capture the relevant details of an ecosystem will not necessarily lead to models that are simple in terms of containing few variables, parameters, and mechanisms. In particular, we argue that "mechanistically rich" models, in which conceptual models incorporating complex causal networks are translated into a quantitative framework, offer distinct advantages over much simpler models in areas ranging from hypothesis testing to model evaluation. Mechanistically rich models can, in fact, be transparent, readily analyzed with current computing power, and less subject to error propagation than simple models in which many different mechanisms are typically aggregated into phenomenological variables that can not be easily related to field data. Mechanistically rich models are particularly suited to the specific "tactical" questions of primary concern in many areas of applied ecology. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, POB 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008 OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200 NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU PRINCETON UNIV PRESS PI PRINCETON PA 41 WILLIAM ST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA BN 0-691-09288-5 PY 2003 BP 63 EP 82 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAE44 UT WOS:000221847700005 ER PT J AU Ardren, WR Kapuscinski, AR AF Ardren, WR Kapuscinski, AR TI Demographic and genetic estimates of effective population size (N-e) reveals genetic compensation in steelhead trout SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE effective number of breeders; genetic drift; inbreeding; microsatellite loci; Oncorhynchus mykiss; population productivity ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PACIFIC SALMON; ALLELE FREQUENCY; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION GENETICS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; FISH POPULATIONS; MATING SYSTEM; FLOUR BEETLE AB Estimates of effective population size (N-e) are required to predict the impacts of genetic drift and inbreeding on the evolutionary dynamics of populations. How the ratio of N-e to the number of sexually mature adults (N) varies in natural vertebrate populations has not been addressed. We examined the sensitivity of N-e/N to fluctuations of N and determined the major variables responsible for changing the ratio over a period of 17 years in a population of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Washington State. Demographic and genetic methods were used to estimate N-e. Genetic estimates of N-e were gained via temporal and linkage disequilibrium methods using data from eight microsatellite loci. DNA for genetic analysis was amplified from archived smolt scales. The N-e/N from 1977 to 1994, estimated using the temporal method, was 0.73 and the comprehensive demographic estimate of N-e/N over the same time period was 0.53. Demographic estimates of N-e indicated that variance in reproductive success had the most substantial impact on reducing Ne in this population, followed by fluctuations in population size. We found increased N-e/N ratios at low N, which we identified as genetic compensation. Combining the information from the demographic and genetic methods of estimating N-e allowed us to determine that a reduction in variance in reproductive success must be responsible for this compensation effect. Understanding genetic compensation in natural populations will be valuable for predicting the effects of changes in N (i.e. periods of high population density and bottlenecks) on the fitness and genetic variation of natural populations. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, AquaGen Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ardren, WR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. NR 53 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01705.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 638KV UT WOS:000180570900004 PM 12492876 ER PT S AU Eaton-Poole, L Pinkney, AE Green, DE Sutherland, DR Babbitt, KJ AF Eaton-Poole, L Pinkney, AE Green, DE Sutherland, DR Babbitt, KJ BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Investigation of frog abnormalities on National Wildlife Refuges in the Northeast US SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE frog; malformations; Northeast; Refuges ID LIMB MALFORMATIONS; MINNESOTA; INFECTION; VERMONT AB To address concerns about frog abnormalities, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service examined over 3,643 frogs and toads on National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the Northeast U.S. The objectives were to: 1) determine if certain refuges had sites where abnormalities were frequently observed; 2) evaluate if the prevalence of abnormalities at a site was consistent within a season and among years; and 3) investigate possible causes. Sampling was conducted from 1999 through 2001. A complete sample from a site consisted of greater than or equal to50 metamorphs of one species. The prevalence of abnormalities ranged from 0 to 15% and fluctuated within season and among years. The most common external abnormalities were truncated limbs, and missing limbs, feet, and digits. Frogs with duplication of limb segments were rare (6). Based on radiographical examinations of 89 abnormal frogs, 55 had abnormalities due to trauma, 22 due to malformations, and 12 could not be classified. Metacercariae of the trematode Ribeiroia were detected in substantial numbers in two species from Iroquois NWR, with one specimen having supernumerary hindlimbs. We recommend continued sampling and integrated, causal evaluations on NWRs where the prevalence of abnormalities exceeds 5% or where the types of abnormalities warrant further study. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New England Field Off, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Eaton-Poole, L (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New England Field Off, 70 Commercial St,Suite 300, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1520/STP11175S PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100004 ER PT S AU Dickerson, KK Hooper, MJ Huang, T Allen, M AF Dickerson, KK Hooper, MJ Huang, T Allen, M BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Determination of malathion aerial drift and associated effects to the endangered Wyoming toad (Bufo baxteri) using surrogate Woodhouse's toads (Bufo woodhousii) at Mortenson and Hutton Lake National Wildlife Refuges and potential reintroduction sites SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE amphibians; cholinesterase; malathion; nontarget effects ID PESTICIDES AB The endangered Wyoming toad is confined to Mortenson National Wildlife Refuge in southeast Wyoming. Pesticide aerial drift from mosquito control activities adjacent to the refuge may be partially responsible for the toad's decline. Spray cards had detectable malathion concentrations at three sites but survival of surrogate Woodhouse's toads was 100% and mean ChE activities in brain and plasma samples did not differ significantly among sites. Righting trial times in surrogates among sites after spraying were not significantly different. Terrestrial invertebrate abundance results were inconclusive but differences in aquatic invertebrate relative abundance before or after spraying were not significant except at the reference site and Meeboer Lake. Our results indicate that, although some malathion drift is occurring, the toads were not exposed to malathion concentrations great enough to reduce adult survival, affect predator avoidance behavior, or reduce their food source. The data also provide needed information on ChE activities in amphibians. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Dickerson, KK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. OI Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 96 EP 110 DI 10.1520/STP11177S PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100006 ER PT S AU Sparling, D Harvey, G Nzengung, V AF Sparling, D Harvey, G Nzengung, V BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Interaction between perchlorate and iodine in the metamorphosis of Hyla versicolor SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE perchlorate; iodide; Hyla versicolor; metamorphosis; amphibians; thyroid ID DRINKING-WATER; COMPETITION; NITRATE; PH AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a water-soluble, inorganic anion that is often combined with ammonium, potassium or other cations for use in industry and agriculture. Ammonium perchlorate, for example, is a potent oxidizer and is used in various military applications including rocket fuel. It has also been found in an historically widely used fertilizer, Chilean nitrate and in other fertilizers. It has been found in ground and surface waters of over 30 states and is considered a human health risk. Because of its similar atomic radius and volume, perchlorate competes with iodide for thyroid uptake and storage and thereby inhibits production of thyroid hormones. Amphibians may be particularly affected by perchlorate because they rely on the thyroid for metamorphosis. This study exposed early larval Hyla versicolor to concentrations of perchlorate ranging from 2.2 to 50 ppm to determine the effects of perchlorate on a native amphibian. In addition, three controls, 0 perchlorate, 0 perchlorate with 0.10 ppm iodide (C + I) and 50 ppm perchlorate + 0.10 ppm iodide (50 + I) were tested. Mortality (< 11% with all treatments) and growth appeared to be unaffected by perchlorate. Inhibition of development started with 2.2 ppm perchlorate and little or no development occurred at 22.9 ppm and above. This inhibition was particularly apparent at the latter stages of development including hindlimb formation and metamorphosis. The estimated EC50 for total inhibition of metamorphosis at 70 days of treatment was 3.63 ppm. There was no evidence of inhibition of development with the 50 + I, C + I, or controls, indicating that the presence of small concentrations of iodide could counter the effects of perchlorate. When tadpoles that had been inhibited by perchlorate were subsequently treated with iodide, development through prometamorphosis progressed but mortality was very high. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Sparling, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1520/STP11180S PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100009 ER PT S AU Bridges, CM Little, EE AF Bridges, CM Little, EE BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to assess the toxicity and teratogenicity of aquatic amphibian habitats SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE amphibian declines; amphibian deformity; environmental contamination; SPMD; tadpoles; UV-B radiation ID UV-B RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SEDIMENT EXTRACTS; POND WATER; METAMORPHOSIS; DEFORMITIES; MINNESOTA; XENOPUS; FROGS; SIZE AB Environmental contamination has been suspected of being partially responsible for recent declines in amphibian populations. It is often not feasible to identify all of the compounds in an environment, nor the concentrations in which they are present. SPMDs are passive sampling devices that uptake lipophilic compounds from the environment in a manner similar to aquatic organisms. The extracts from the SPMDs, therefore, contain a composite sample of the compounds that are present in the environment. In. this paper, we outline the methods from studies in which we have used extracts from SPMDs in toxicity tests on amphibian larvae. Using SPMD extracts makes it possible to establish potential links between amphibian deformities and declines and environmental contamination by lipophilic compounds. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Bridges, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1520/STP11181S PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100010 ER PT S AU Linder, G AF Linder, G BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Integrated field and laboratory tests to evaluate effects of metals-impacted wetlands on amphibians: A case study from Montana SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE amphibians; wetlands; mining impacts; metals; in situ toxicity tests ID FOOD-CHAIN ANALYSIS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; MILLTOWN RESERVOIR; ORAL DEFORMITIES; CAUSAL INFERENCE; ECOLOGICAL RISKS; TEMPERATURE; HABITATS; CADMIUM AB Mining activities frequently impact wildlife habitats, and a wide range of habitats may require evaluations of the linkages between wildlife and environmental stressors common to mining activities (e.g., physical alteration of habitat, releases of chemicals such as metals and other inorganic constituents as part of the mining operation). Wetlands, for example, are frequently impacted by mining activities. Within an ecological assessment for a wetland, toxicity evaluations for representative species may be advantageous to the site evaluation, since these species could be exposed to complex chemical mixtures potentially released from the site. Amphibian species common to these transition zones between terrestrial and aquatic habitats are one key biological indicator of exposure, and integrated approaches which involve both field and laboratory methods focused on amphibians are critical to the assessment process. The laboratory and field evaluations of a wetland in western Montana illustrates the integrated approach to risk assessment and causal analysis. Here, amphibians were used to evaluate the potential toxicity associated with heavy metal-laden sediments deposited in a reservoir. Field and laboratory methods were applied to a toxicity assessment for metals characteristic of mine tailings to reduce potential "lab to field" extrapolation errors and provide adaptive management programs with critical site-specific information targeted on remediation. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Brooks, OR 97305 USA. RP Linder, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, HeronWorks Field Off, Brooks, OR 97305 USA. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 184 EP 204 DI 10.1520/STP11183S PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100012 ER PT S AU Krest, SK Linder, G Sparling, DW AF Krest, SK Linder, G Sparling, DW BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI The role of multiple stressor causes in declining amphibian populations: A wingspread workshop summary SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE amphibian; populations; decline; multiple stressors ID XENOPUS; USA; CALIFORNIA; DISEASES; FAUNA; WATER; TOAD AB Numerous studies have documented the decline of amphibian populations over the past decade and no single factor has been the linked to these widespread declines. Determining the causes of declining amphibian populations worldwide has proven difficult because of the variety of anthropogenic and natural suspect agents. A Wingspread workshop, convened by The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), brought together individuals with expertise in the areas of amphibian biology, ecotoxicology, natural resource management, and environmental policy. This workshop had three objectives: 1) create a network for future discussions on multiple stressor causes of declines; 2) characterize and prioritize technical issues critical to the analysis of the decline problem; and 3) identify and develop resource management approaches to promote sustainable and healthy amphibian populations. The workshop proceedings will be summarized in a book entitled, "Multiple Stressors and Declining Amphibian Populations: Evaluating Cause and Effect." This paper summarizes the results of the workshop. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Krest, SK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Chesapeake Bay Field Off, 177 Admiral Cochrane Dr, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1520/STP11184S PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100013 ER PT S AU Little, EE Bridges, CM Linder, G Boone, M AF Little, EE Bridges, CM Linder, G Boone, M BE Linder, G Krest, S Sparling, D Little, E TI Establishing causality in the decline and deformity of amphibians: The amphibian research and monitoring initiative model SO MULTIPLE STRESSOR EFFECTS IN RELATION TO DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations CY APR 16-17, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP ASTM Int Comm E47 DE chemical; physical; biotic variables; environmental stress; amphibians; risk assessment; causality; deformity and decline ID RISK ASSESSMENTS; INSECTICIDE; FIELD AB Research to date has indicated that a range of environmental variables such as disease, parasitism, predation, competition, environmental contamination, solar ultraviolet radiation, climate change, or habitat alteration may be responsible for declining amphibian populations and the appearance of deformed organisms, yet in many cases no definitive environmental variable stands out as a causal factor. Multiple stressors are often present in the habitat, and interactions among these can magnify injury to biota. This raises the possibility that the additive or synergistic impact of these stressors may be the underlying cause of amphibian declines. Effective management for the restoration of amphibian populations requires the identification of causal factors contributing to their declines. A systematic approach to determine causality is especially important because initial impressions may be misleading or ambiguous. In addition, the evaluation of amphibian populations requires consideration of a broader spatial scale than commonly used in regulatory monitoring. We describe a systematic three-tiered approach to determine causality in amphibian declines and deformities. Tier I includes an evaluation of historic databases and extant data and would involve a desktop synopsis of the status of various stressors as well as site visits. Tier 2 studies are iterative, hypothesis driven studies beginning with general tests and continuing with analyses of increasing complexity as certain stressors are identified for further investigation. Tier 3 applies information developed in Tier 2 as predictive indicators of habitats and species at risk over broad landscape scales and provides decision support for the adaptive management of amphibian recovery. This comprehensive, tiered program could provide a mechanistic approach to identifying and addressing specific stressors responsible for amphibian declines across various landscapes. C1 USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3464-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1443 BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1520/STP11187S PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Zoology GA BW77W UT WOS:000183141100016 ER PT J AU Wilson, MV Erhart, T Hammond, PC Kaye, TN Kuykendall, K Liston, A Robinson, AF Schultz, CB Severns, PM AF Wilson, MV Erhart, T Hammond, PC Kaye, TN Kuykendall, K Liston, A Robinson, AF Schultz, CB Severns, PM TI Biology of Kincaid's lupine (Lupinus sulphureus ssp kincaidii [Smith] phillips), a threatened species of western Oregon native prairies, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conservation biology; endangered and threatened species; Lupinus sulphureus ssp kincaidii; prairies; rare plants ID SEED-GERMINATION; PLANTS; POLLINATION; BUMBLEBEES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; REDBUD; FLOWER AB Kincaid's lupine (Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii [Smith] Phillips), a perennial, leguminous herb of 57 sites in western Oregon and Washington, USA, was recently listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Results from genetic, pollination, morphological, mating, and distributional studies describe Kincaid's lupine as (a) strongly outcrossing, relying on native insects for most pollination; (b) having large, spreading genets within populations: (c) once widely distributed and abundant, with high levels of interpopulation gene flow; (d) now with isolated populations and a high genetic load that might be causing inbreeding depression: and (e) with high levels of insect predation on flowers and seeds that contribute to poor reproductive success. Conservation efforts for Kincaid's lupine are often linked with conservation of the closely associated Fender's blue butterfly (Icaricia icarioides fenderi [Macy]), for which it is the main larval host plant, and have focused on stopping habitat destruction and on managing and restoring habitat. Reducing prairie dominance by tall, herbaceous weeds and woody plants increases Kincaid's lupine vigor. Reestablishment of Kincaid's lupine is possible but requires large numbers of seeds and protection of seedlings from crowding. Further research into the genetics, symbiotic associations, demography, and habitat requirements of Kincaid's lupine is needed for effective recovery of this threatened species. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon State Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Willamette Valley Projects, NW Div, Lowell, OR 97452 USA. RP Wilson, MV (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI kaye, thomas/D-7859-2012; OI Schultz, Cheryl/0000-0003-3388-8950 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 72 EP 83 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 634NK UT WOS:000180346900010 ER PT J AU Guzzetti, F Reichenbach, P Wieczorek, GF AF Guzzetti, F. Reichenbach, P. Wieczorek, G. F. TI Rockfall hazard and risk assessment in the Yosemite Valley, California, USA SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Rock slides and rock falls are the most frequent types of slope movements in Yosemite National Park, California. In historical time (1857-2002) 392 rock falls and rock slides have been documented in the valley, and some of them have been mapped in detail. We present the results of an attempt to assess rock fall hazards in the Yosemite Valley. Spatial and temporal aspects of rock falls hazard are considered. A detailed inventory of slope movements covering the 145-year period from 1857 to 2002 is used to determine the frequency-volume statistics of rock falls and to estimate the annual frequency of rock falls, providing the temporal component of rock fall hazard. The extent of the areas potentially subject to rock fall hazards in the Yosemite Valley were obtained using STONE, a physically-based rock fall simulation computer program. The software computes 3-dimensional rock fall trajectories starting from a digital elevation model (DEM), the location of rock fall release points, and maps of the dynamic rolling friction coefficient and of the coefficients of normal and tangential energy restitution. For each DEM cell the software calculates the number of rock falls passing through the cell, the maximum rock fall velocity and the maximum flying height. For the Yosemite Valley, a DEM with a ground resolution of 10 x 10 m was prepared using topographic contour lines from the U. S. Geological Survey 1: 24 000-scale maps. Rock fall release points were identified as DEM cells having a slope steeper than 60 degrees, an assumption based on the location of historical rock falls. Maps of the normal and tangential energy restitution coefficients and of the rolling friction coefficient were produced from a surficial geologic map. The availability of historical rock falls mapped in detail allowed us to check the computer program performance and to calibrate the model parameters. Visual and statistical comparison of the model results with the mapped rock falls confirmed the accuracy of the model. The model results are compared with a previous map of rockfall talus and with a geomorphic assessment of rock fall hazard based on potential energy referred to as a shadow angle approach, recently completed for the Yosemite Valley. The model results are then used to identify the roads and trails more subject to rock fall hazard. Of the 166.5 km of roads and trails in the Yosemite Valley 31.2% were found to be potentially subject to rock fall hazard, of which 14% are subject to very high hazard. C1 [Guzzetti, F.; Reichenbach, P.] CNR IRPI, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. [Wieczorek, G. F.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr MS 926A, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Guzzetti, F (reprint author), CNR IRPI, Via Madonna Alta 126, I-06128 Perugia, Italy. EM F.Guzzetti@irpi.cnr.it RI Guzzetti, Fausto/G-4404-2011 OI Guzzetti, Fausto/0000-0003-4950-6056 FU CNR IRPI grant; CNR GNDCI grant [2585]; EU project DAMOCLES [UE EVG1-CT-1999-00007] FX We are grateful to J. Godt (USGS) for making available digital data and maps, to S. Melzner (University of Bonn) for the help in the model calibration, and to G. Crosta and F. Agliardi (University of Milano Bicocca) for assisting with the field work and the discussions. We thank B. Morgan of the USGS and J. Snyder of the NPS for their comments on an early version of the text, and J. Zvelebil and a second anonymous reviewer for their comments. The work was supported by CNR IRPI and CNR GNDCI grants and by the EU project DAMOCLES (UE EVG1-CT-1999-00007). (CNR GNDCI publication no. 2585). NR 31 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2003 VL 3 IS 6 BP 491 EP 503 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA V31QM UT WOS:000208898100002 ER PT S AU D'Agnese, F O'Brien, G AF D'Agnese, F O'Brien, G BE Rosenbaum, MS Turner, AK TI Impact of geoinformatics on the emerging Geoscience Knowledge Integration Paradigm SO NEW PARADIGMS IN SUBSURFACE PREDICTION: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SHALLOW SUBSURFACE IMPLICATIONS FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SE LECTURE NOTES IN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Euroconference on New Paradigms in Subsurface Prediction CY JUL 07-12, 2001 CL Spa, BELGIUM SP Euopean Sci Fdn, Int Union Geol Sci, Commiss Management & Applicat Geosci Informat C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP D'Agnese, F (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-0317 BN 3-540-43776-2 J9 LECT NOTES EARTH SCI PY 2003 VL 99 BP 303 EP 312 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA BY63P UT WOS:000189426600027 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, LL Neves, RJ Smith, DG AF Zimmerman, LL Neves, RJ Smith, DG TI Control of predacious Flatworms Macrostomum sp in culturing juvenile freshwater mussels SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Flatworms of the genus Macrostomum are voracious predators off newly metamorphosed juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae), which require a fish host to transform mussel larvae into free-living juveniles. Toxicity tests were performed with formalin (paracide-F 37% formaldehyde) to determine the appropriate levels of treatment for eradicating these flatworms from host fish tanks without adversely affecting the culture of juvenile mussels. Results indicate that a 1-h shock treatment of 250 mg/L formalin or a 3-d continuous exposure to 20 mg/L of formalin kills adult Macrostomum but not fish. Observations indicate that a single treatment is insufficient to kill Macrostomum eggs so a second treatment after 3 d is necessary to kill newly hatched flatworms. Newly metamorphosed freshwater mussels exposed to similar shock and Continuous treatments of formalin were also killed. Thus, all host fish introduced for the Purpose Of mussel production should be quarantined and treated prophylactically to avoid the infestation of mussel culture systems with Predacious flatworms. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Neves, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 65 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2003)065<0028:COPFMS>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 639TF UT WOS:000180644900006 ER PT J AU Hoving, CL Joseph, RA Krohn, WB AF Hoving, CL Joseph, RA Krohn, WB TI Recent and historical distributions of Canada lynx in maine and the northeast SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SNOWSHOE HARE; 10-YEAR CYCLE; POPULATION; CANADENSIS AB The contiguous United States population of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr) is listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. However, the historic distribution of lynx in the Northeast is poorly understood. We used museum records, bibliographic records, and interviews to reconstruct the past distribution of lynx in Maine, which is at the current southern limit of the species' distribution in the eastern United States. We found a total of 118 records, representing at least 509 lynx in Maine. Lynx were observed throughout Maine, 1833-1912, with the exception of coastal areas. After 1913, lynx were most common in the forests of western and northern Maine, and absent to rare along the coast, but had not returned to southern Maine by 1999. Thirty-nine kittens representing at least 21 litters were distributed throughout northern and western Maine, 1864-1999. Populations apparently fluctuated, and in some years 200-300 lynx were harvested in Maine. Prior to the 1900s, lynx were much more widely distributed in the Northeast, ranging from Pennsylvania north into Quebec. Because Canada lynx have had a long presence in northern New England, and at times were relatively common, this species merits serious consideration in conservation planning in this region. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Old Town, ME 04468 USA. US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Hoving, CL (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall,room 210, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM hovingc@michigan.gov NR 90 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2003 VL 10 IS 4 BP 363 EP 382 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766WL UT WOS:000188398300001 ER PT S AU Knudsen, EE Symmes, EW Margraf, FJ AF Knudsen, EE Symmes, EW Margraf, FJ BE Stockner, JG TI Searching for a life history approach to salmon escapement management SO NUTRIENTS IN SALMONID ECOSYSTEMS: SUSTAINING PRODUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Restoring Nutrients to Salmonid Ecosystems CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL EUGENE, OR SP Agrium Inc, Amer Fisheries Soc, Oregon Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, Greater Portland Chapter, Amer Fisheries Soc, N Pacific Chapter, Amer Fishieris Soc, Int Chapter, Boise Cascade Corp, British Columbia Conservat Fdn, Bur Land Management, Canadian Dept Fisheries & Oceans, David Suzuki Fdn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Nat Resourcs Conservat Serv, Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board, US EPA, US Forest Serv, Washington Dept Nat Resources, Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife ID PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTHWEST; SURVIVAL; ALASKA; RIVER; WASHINGTON; CARCASSES AB A number of Pacific salmon populations have already been lost and many others throughout the range are in various states of decline. Recent research has documented that Pacific salmon carcasses serve as a key delivery vector of marine-derived nutrients into the freshwater portions of their ecosystems. This nutrient supply plays a critical biological feedback role in salmon sustainability by supporting juvenile salmon production. We first demonstrate how nutrient feedback potential to juvenile production may be unaccounted for in spawner-recruit models of populations under long-term exploitation. We then present a heuristic, life history-based, spreadsheet survival model that incorporates salmon carcass-driven nutrient feedback to the freshwater components of the salmon ecosystem. The productivity of a hypothetical coho salmon population was simulated using rates from the literature for survival from spawner to egg, egg to fry, fry to smolt, and smolt to adult. The effects of climate variation and nutrient feedback on survival were incorporated, as were density-dependent effects of the numbers of spawners and fry on freshwater survival of eggs and juveniles. The unexploited equilibrium population was subjected to 100 years of 20,40,60, and 80% harvest. Each harvest scenario greater than 20% brought the population to a reduced steady state, regardless of generous compensatory survival at low population sizes. Increasing harvest reduced the positive effects of nutrient contributions to population growth. Salmon researchers should further explore this modeling approach for establishing escapement goals. Given the importance of nutrient feedback, managers should strive for generous escapements that support nutrient rebuilding, as well as egg deposition, to ensure strong future salmon production. C1 USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Knudsen, EE (reprint author), USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, 1011 Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-44-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 34 BP 261 EP 276 PG 16 WC Biology; Ecology; Fisheries SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BW31X UT WOS:000181552500019 ER PT B AU Holmes, CW Buster, NA Sorauf, JE Hudson, JH Kester, C AF Holmes, CW Buster, NA Sorauf, JE Hudson, JH Kester, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Changes in trace and minor constituents and associated micro-architecture of Montastrea faveolata during time of "stress" SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID CORALS; ELEMENTS; RECORDS; CADMIUM; CYCLES; OCEAN; SR/CA AB As corals grow, they secrete a calcareous skeleton with the aid of photosynthetic activity of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. The rate of this secretion varies annually which produces annual bands. Entrapped with the carbonate are trace substances that record the chemistry of the surrounding ocean. Detailing these changes in chemistry requires careful high-resolution sampling. New procedures involving laser ablation inductive couple plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP/MS) provides a unique method that does not involve tedious sample preparation. The La-ICP/MS data for a series of Atlantic corals from Looe Key, U.S. Florida Keys shows an intriguing distribution trace and minor elements whose concentrations are related to reported bleaching events. SEM data from the layers exhibit a change in crystal habit concurrent with the changes in chemistry. These changes reflected the affect of the variable influence of the symbiotic algae on the development of the coral skeleton. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Holmes, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 452 EP 455 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300110 ER PT B AU Grossman, EE Eittreim, SL Hanes, DM Field, ME Edwards, BD Fallon, SJ Anima, RJ AF Grossman, EE Eittreim, SL Hanes, DM Field, ME Edwards, BD Fallon, SJ Anima, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Budgeting postglacial sedimentation history on the Santa Cruz, California mid-continental shelf SO OCEANS 2003 MTS/IEEE: CELEBRATING THE PAST...TEAMING TOWARD THE FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Conference on Celebrating the Past - Teaming Toward the Future CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES, Scripps Inst Oceanog ID NATIONAL-MARINE-SANCTUARY; MONTEREY-BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TRANSPORT AB High-resolution seismic reflection profiling and surface texture mapping of the central California continental shelf, reveal a prominent subsurface reflector interpreted as a low stand erosion surface and an overlying mudbelt that covers 421 km(2) of the mid-shelf in depths of 40-90 m. Radiometric and sedimentologic analyses of samples from vibracores taken along the seaward edge of the mudbelt show that initial deposition above the pre-Holocene erosion surface began ca. 14.5 ka. These data and model results of sea-level history, tectonics, and the Monterey Bay littoral sediment budget support the notion that the entire midshelf deposit was formed during the postglacial transgression. An alternative explanation, that <30% of the deposit is Holocene, requires that (1) sediment input is overestimated and/or loss is greatly underestimated, and (2) preservation on the shelf was significant despite deep and active wave scour observed in the form of rapid cliff and bedrock cutting early and late in the transgression. The difference between a basal age of similar to14.5 ka and residence time of midshelf sediment (3,273 years), derived from dividing mudbelt volume by modern accumulation rate, implies: (1) significant sediment loss occurred since the mudbelt formed and/or (2) sediment accumulation has varied greatly over time. Although modern sediment budgets are relatively well constrained, it remains uncertain how well we can apply them to the past. An evolving model of sedimentation history explores the likelihood of changes in sediment supply, accumulation patterns, and depositional patterns owing to postglacial sea-level history and human land-use activities while providing important boundary conditions for modeling shoreface evolution. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Grossman, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1828 L ST NW,SUITE 906, WASHINGTON, DC 20035 USA BN 0-933957-30-0 PY 2003 BP 1214 EP 1218 DI 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178023 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BAB11 UT WOS:000221420300280 ER PT J AU Carlo, TA Collazo, JA Groom, MJ AF Carlo, TA Collazo, JA Groom, MJ TI Avian fruit preferences across a Puerto Rican forested landscape: pattern consistency and implications for seed removal SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE frugivory; preference; plant phenology; seed dispersal; Puerto Rico ID EATING BIRDS; SECONDARY METABOLITES; TEMPORAL VARIATION; NEOTROPICAL BIRDS; TROPICAL TREES; DISPERSAL; PLANTS; COEVOLUTION; COMPETITION; ABUNDANCE AB Avian fruit consumption may ensure plant reproductive success when frugivores show consistent preference patterns and effectively remove and disperse seeds. In this study we examined avian fruit preferences and their seed-removal services at five study sites in north-central Puerto Rico. At each site, we documented the diet of seven common fruit-eating avian species from February to September 1998. Using foraging observations and area-based estimates of fruit abundance, we examined preference patterns of birds. We found that 7 out of 68 fleshy-fruited plant species were responsible for most of the fruit diet of birds. Seventeen plant species were preferred and four of them were repeatedly preferred across several study sites and times by at least one avian species. Preferred plant species comprised a small percentage of fleshy fruits at each site (<15% in four out of five study sites), but showed extended phenology patterns. The quantity of seeds removed by frugivore species was not strictly related to preferences. Some frugivores showing no preference could effectively remove more seeds from plants at some locations than species exhibiting constancy in their patterns of preference. Only two frugivores, Euphonia musica and Vireo altiloquous, removed most of the seeds of plants for which they exhibited repeated preference across the landscape. Preference patterns, particularly those exhibiting consistency in space and time for plant species having prolonged fruiting periods, may have important mechanistic consequences for the persistence, succession, and regeneration of tropical plant communities. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, USGS Biol Resources Div, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Zool, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. RP Carlo, TA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 55 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-1087-1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636XK UT WOS:000180482400017 PM 12647189 ER PT J AU Dyni, JR AF Dyni, JR TI Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits SO OIL SHALE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Oil Shale CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL TALLINN, ESTONIA ID DICTYONEMA SHALE; URANIUM PRODUCTION; ESTONIA; FUTURE; ENERGY AB Oil-shale deposits are found in many parts of the world. The), range in age front Cambrian to Tertiary and were formed in a variety of marine, continental, and lacustine depositional environments. The largest known deposit is the Green River oil shale in western United States. It contains an estimated 215 billion tons of in-place shale oil (1.5 trillion U.S. barrels). Total resources of a selected group of oil-shale deposits in 33 countries is estimated at 411 billion tons of in-place shale oil which is equivalent to 2.9 trillion U.S. barrels of shale oil. This figure is very conservative because several deposits mentioned herein have not been explored sufficiently to make accurate estimates and other deposits were not included in this survey. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Dyni, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,Mail Stop 939, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 102 TC 96 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 31 PU ESTONIAN ACADEMY PUBLISHERS PI TALLINN PA ESTONIA BLVD 7, TALLINN 10143, ESTONIA SN 0208-189X J9 OIL SHALE JI Oil Shale PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 193 EP 252 PG 60 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 725PK UT WOS:000185551400002 ER PT J AU Behar, F Lewan, MD Lorant, F Vandenbroucke, M AF Behar, F Lewan, MD Lorant, F Vandenbroucke, M TI Comparison of artificial maturation of lignite in hydrous and nonhydrous conditions SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PETROLEUM GENERATION; CONFINED PYROLYSIS; CLOSED-SYSTEM; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; REACTING MEDIUM; POLAR COMPOUNDS; GAS GENERATION; SOURCE ROCKS; BROWN-COAL AB The objectives of the study are to compare product compositions and yields generated from lignite artificially matured by open nonhydrous pyrolysis, closed nonhydrous pyrolysis, and hydrous pyrolysis. The pyrolysis products were fractionated into CO2, H2O, CH4, C-2-C-5, C-9-C-14, C14+ saturates, C14+ aromatics and NSOs (resins+asphaltenes). All three methods generated high and similar quantities of water during pyrolysis that ranged between 14.6 and 15.2 wt.% of the original lignite. As a result of this high water content generated by the lignite, the experiments with no added water are referred to as nonhydrous rather than anhydrous. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental analyses were conducted on the recovered lignite after solvent extraction to determine their residual hydrocarbon generation potential and to plot their position in a van Krevelen diagram, respectively. Residual lignite from the closed nonhydrous and hydrous experiments showed relationships between vitrinite reflectance (%R-o) values and atomic H/C ratios that occurred within the fields observed for natural maturation of coal. Although no significant differences in the atomic H/C ratios were observed between closed nonhydrous and hydrous pyrolysis, the vitrinite reflectance values were on the average 0.2% R. lower in the residual lignite from the nonhydrous experiments. The remaining hydrocarbon generation potential as determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis of the residual lignite showed that the nonhydrous residuals had on the average 16 mg more hydrocarbon potential per gram of original lignite than the hydrous residuals. This suggests there is a better release of the pyrolysis products from the lignite network in the hydrous experiments once generation occurs. For gas generation, at maximum yields, open nonhydrous pyrolysis generates the most hydrocarbon gas (21.0 mg/g original lignite), Which is 20% more than closed nonhydrous pyrolysis and 29% more than hydrous pyrolysis. Closed nonhydrous pyrolysis generates on the average 14% more gas than hydrous pyrolysis, but the proportionality of the generated hydrocarbon gases is essentially the same for both pyrolysis methods. At maximum yields, CO2 generation is greatest in hydrous pyrolysis (99.5 mg/g original lignite), with yields being 37 percent higher than closed nonhydrous pyrolysis and 26% higher than open nonhydrous pyrolysis. The maximum yields Of C14+ products are highest and similar for open nonhydrous pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis (125.6 and 125.9 mg/g lignite, respectively), and are more than 70% higher than closed nonhydrous pyrolysis. This difference in the maximum yields Of C14+ products can be explained by differences in the proportionality between either cracking reactions that result in liquid product and char formation or trapping of generated products within the coal network (cross-linking reactions). Maximum yields of C14+, aliphatics from hydrous experiments may not have been attained, but the maximums that were observed and their GC traces are similar for the three pyrolysis systems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Inst Francais Petr, Geol Geochem Div, F-92506 Rueil Malmaison, France. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Behar, F (reprint author), Inst Francais Petr, Geol Geochem Div, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau,Bp 311, F-92506 Rueil Malmaison, France. RI IFPEN, Publications/A-8028-2008 NR 54 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 4 BP 575 EP 600 AR PII S0146-6380(02)00241-3 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(02)00241-3 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 664ZC UT WOS:000182094300007 ER PT J AU Mastalerz, M Schimmelmann, A Hower, JC Lis, G Hatch, J Jacobson, SR AF Mastalerz, M Schimmelmann, A Hower, JC Lis, G Hatch, J Jacobson, SR TI Chemical and isotopic properties of kukersites from Iowa and Estonia SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLOEOCAPSOMORPHA-PRISCA ZALESSKY; PHENOLIC MOIETIES; SOURCE ROCKS; FT-IR; BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; ORDOVICIAN SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; COAL MACERALS; KEROGEN; CANADA AB Kukersite samples from Estonia and Iowa were analyzed for elemental composition, functional group distribution, and carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios. The elemental and hydrogen isotope values, together with other analytical data, suggest a higher thermal maturity for the Iowa kukersite. The wide carbon isotopic range of 9.3parts per thousand. among kukersites, with unusually negative delta(13)C values reaching -33.2parts per thousand, indicates isotopically variable carbon sources for production of biomass, and thus major paleoceanographic differences between the environments supporting biosynthesis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol & Mineral, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mastalerz, M (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, 611 N Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1419 EP 1427 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00138-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 728MU UT WOS:000185721600005 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Tang, YC Kaplan, IR AF Hill, RJ Tang, YC Kaplan, IR TI Insights into oil cracking based on laboratory experiments SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS; THERMAL ALTERATION; EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION; HEXANE PYROLYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; HIGH-PRESSURES; CRUDE OILS; PETROLEUM GENERATION; SMACKOVER FORMATION; LIGHT-HYDROCARBONS AB The objectives of this pyrolysis investigation were to determine changes in (1) oil composition, (2) gas composition and (3) gas carbon isotope ratios and to compare these results with hydrocarbons in reservoirs. Laboratory cracking of a saturate-rich Devonian oil by confined, dry pyrolysis was performed at T=350-450 degreesC, P=650 bars and times ranging from 24 h to 33 days. Increasing thermal stress results in the C15+ hydrocarbon fraction cracking to form C6-14 and C1-5 hydrocarbons and pyrobitumen. The C6-14 fraction continues to crack to C1-5 gases plus pyrobitumen at higher temperatures and prolonged heating time and the delta C-13(ethane)-delta C-13(propane) difference becomes greater as oil cracking progresses. There is considerable overlap in product generation and product cracking. Oil cracking products accumulate either because the rate of generation of any product is greater than the rate of removal by cracking of that product or because the product is a stable end member under the experimental conditions. Oil cracking products decrease when the amount of product generated from a reactant is less than the amount of product cracked. If pyrolysis gas compositions are representative of gases generated from oil cracking in nature, then understanding the processes that alter natural gas composition is critical. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91789 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Tang, Yongchun/G-7473-2011 NR 70 TC 98 Z9 155 U1 4 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1651 EP 1672 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(03)00173-6 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 749WN UT WOS:000186953200007 ER PT J AU Larson, DL AF Larson, DL TI Native weeds and exotic plants: relationships to disturbance in mixed-grass prairie SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Great Plains; invasive plants; natural areas; prairie dogs; roads; trails ID NATIONAL-PARK; HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; TRAIL CORRIDORS; CANADIAN WEEDS; VEGETATION; DOGS; USA; RESPONSES; INVASION; ROADS AB Disturbance frequently is implicated in the spread of invasive exotic plants. Disturbances may be broadly categorized as endogenous (e.g., digging by fossorial animals) or exogenous ( e. g., construction and maintenance of roads and trails), just as weedy species may be native or exotic in origin. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare exotic and native weedy plant occurrence in and near three classes of disturbance digging by prairie dogs ( an endogenous disturbance to which native plants have had the opportunity to adapt), paved or gravel roads ( an exogenous disturbance without natural precedent), and constructed trails ( an exogenous disturbance with a natural precedent in trails created by movement of large mammals) - in three geographically separate national park units. I used plant survey data from the North and South Units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park and Wind Cave National Park in the northern mixed-grass prairie of western North and South Dakota, USA, to characterize the distribution of weedy native and exotic plants with respect to the three disturbance classes as well as areas adjacent to them. There were differences both in the susceptibility of the disturbance classes to invasion and in the distributions of native weeds and exotic species among the disturbance classes. Both exotic and native weedy species richness were greatest in prairie dog towns and community composition there differed most from undisturbed areas. Exotic species were more likely to thrive near roadways, where native weedy species were infrequently encountered. Exotic species were more likely to have spread beyond the disturbed areas into native prairie than were weedy native species. The response of individual exotic plant species to the three types of disturbance was less consistent than that of native weedy species across the three park units. C1 USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Larson, DL (reprint author), USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 57 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PY 2003 VL 169 IS 2 BP 317 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1026046810307 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 730JL UT WOS:000185827600013 ER PT B AU Carr, RS Nipper, M AF Carr, RS Nipper, M BE Carr, RS Nipper, M TI Historical overview of porewater toxicity testing SO POREWATER TOXICITY TESTING: BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sediment Porewater Toxicity Testing CY MAR 18-22, 2000 CL PENSACOLA, FL SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem ID SEDIMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENT; PORE-WATER; INTERSTITIAL WATER; IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MARINE; BAY; TEXAS; EXTRACTION; ESTUARINE C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Carr, RS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-65-1 PY 2003 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA BX57V UT WOS:000185753200001 ER PT B AU Winger, PV Albrecht, B Anderson, BS Bay, SM Bona, F Stephenson, GL AF Winger, PV Albrecht, B Anderson, BS Bay, SM Bona, F Stephenson, GL BE Carr, RS Nipper, M TI Comparison of porewater and solid-phase sediment toxicity tests SO POREWATER TOXICITY TESTING: BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sediment Porewater Toxicity Testing CY MAR 18-22, 2000 CL PENSACOLA, FL SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem ID PORE-WATER; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; INTERSTITIAL WATER; HYALELLA-AZTECA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; CHIRONOMUS-TENTANS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRIAD ASSESSMENT; QUALITY; BAY C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Winger, PV (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-65-1 PY 2003 BP 37 EP 61 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA BX57V UT WOS:000185753200003 ER PT B AU Carr, RS Long, ER Mondon, JA Montagna, PA Roscigno, PF AF Carr, RS Long, ER Mondon, JA Montagna, PA Roscigno, PF BE Carr, RS Nipper, M TI Uses of porewater toxicity tests in sediment ouality triad studies SO POREWATER TOXICITY TESTING: BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sediment Porewater Toxicity Testing CY MAR 18-22, 2000 CL PENSACOLA, FL SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; INFAUNAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; QUALITY TRIAD; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; PRODUCTION PLATFORMS; CONTAMINATION; MARINE; GUIDELINES; CALIFORNIA C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Carr, RS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-65-1 PY 2003 BP 201 EP 227 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA BX57V UT WOS:000185753200009 ER PT B AU Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM MacDonald, D AF Carr, RS Biedenbach, JM MacDonald, D BE Carr, RS Nipper, M TI Comparison of sediment ouality guideline values derived using sea urchin porewater toxicity test data with existing guidelines SO POREWATER TOXICITY TESTING: BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Sediment Porewater Toxicity Testing CY MAR 18-22, 2000 CL PENSACOLA, FL SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem ID QUALITY ASSESSMENT; BAY; MARINE; TEXAS C1 Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Carr, RS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, US Geol Survey, Marine Ecotoxicol Res Stn, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-65-1 PY 2003 BP 249 EP 262 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA BX57V UT WOS:000185753200011 ER PT B AU Rizzo, WM Willson, GD Fairchild, JF AF Rizzo, WM Willson, GD Fairchild, JF BE Fore, S TI Water quality in streams of tallgrass prairie national preserve: Inferences from chemical, physical, and macroinvertebrate data SO PROCEEDING OF THE 18TH NORTH AMERICAN PRAIRIE CONFERENCE: PROMOTING PRAIRIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Prairie Conference CY JUN, 2002 CL Kirksville, MO DE water quality; macroinvertebrates; biomonitoring; streams AB Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve was established in 1996 to preserve nearly 4450 ha of the remaining tallgrass prairie in the Flint Hills of Kansas. The preserve also contains significant aquatic resources and is extensively grazed by cattle, giving rise to concerns over water quality. Consequently a macroinvertebrate biomonitoring program was initiated in the preserve during the summer of 2001 at 1 site in each of 4 streams. Four metrics were calculated from these data to indicate the status of water quality in the streams. Concurrent physical and chemical measurements included water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate), chlorophyll a, depth, current velocity, and substrate composition. In general the chemical data indicated good water quality, with moderate nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations. However, on occasion both nutrients (> 20 muM ammonium and nitrate) and chlorophyll (> 50 mug L-1) concentrations were high in all streams except Palmer Creek. Macroinvertebrate community metrics also generally indicated good water quality, with values ranging from 4.63 to 5.47 (family biotic index), 0.33 to 0.66 (EPT ratio), 1.39 to 2.06 (family diversity) and 4.7 to 13.3 (family richness). These metric values indicated generally better water quality than other prairie parks in the region (Wilson's Creek National Battlefield and Pipestone National Monument) with ongoing macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs. C1 Univ Missouri, Missouri Field Stn, NO Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rizzo, WM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Missouri Field Stn, NO Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 302 Gentry Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRUMAN STATE UNIV PRESS PI KIRKSVILLE PA 100 E NORMAL ST, KIRKSVILLE, MO 63501 USA BN 1-931112-36-3 PY 2003 BP 127 EP 135 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY80V UT WOS:000189468000024 ER PT B AU Osterkamp, WR Gray, JR AF Osterkamp, W. R. Gray, John R. BE Shang, HQ TI An International Watershed Research Network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL YELLOW RIVER FORUM ON RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Yellow River Forum CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Yellow River Conservancy Commiss, Minist Water Resources, China Int Ctr Econ & Tech Exchange, Xiaolangdi Multiple Purpose Project Construct & Adm Bur, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, NPC, Legislat Dept Nat & Environm Resources Comm DE soil and water conaervation; environmental protectlon; network AB "An International Watershed Research Network" is to be an initial project of the Sino - U. S. Centers for Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Protection. The Network will provide a fundamental database for research personnel of the Centers, as well as of the global research community I and is viewed as an important resource for their successful operation. Efforts are under way to (a) identify and select candidate watersheds, (b) develop standards and protocols for data collection and dissemination, and (c) specify other data sources on erosion, sediment transport, hydrology, and ancillary information of probable interest and use to participants of the Centers. C1 [Osterkamp, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU YELLOW RIVER CONSERVANCY PRESS PI ZHENGZHOU PA CHENGDONG LU, ZHENGZHOU, HENAN 450004, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-80621-676-7 PY 2003 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BIL21 UT WOS:000260480400002 ER PT B AU Osterkamp, WR Gray, JR AF Osterkamp, W. R. Gray, J. R. BE Shang, HQ TI Hazard Mitigation Related to Water and Sediment Fluxes in the Yellow River Basin, China, Based on Comparable Basins of the United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL YELLOW RIVER FORUM ON RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Yellow River Forum CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Yellow River Conservancy Commiss, Minist Water Resources, China Int Ctr Econ & Tech Exchange, Xiaolangdi Multiple Purpose Project Construct & Adm Bur, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, NPC, Legislat Dept Nat & Environm Resources Comm DE water and sediment fluxes; flood hazard; the Yellow River AB The Yellow River, north - central China, and comparative rivers of the western United States, the Rio Grande and the Colorado River, derive much of their flows from melting snow at high elevations I but derive most of their sediment loads from semiarid central parts of the basins. The three rivers are regulated by large reservoirs that store water and sediment, causing downstream channel scour and, farther downstream, flood hazard owing to re - deposition of sediment. Potential approaches to reducing continuing bed aggradation and increasing flood hazard along the lower Yellow River include flow augmentation, retirement of irrigation that decreases flows and increases erosion, and re - routing of the middle Yellow River to bypass large sediment inputs of the Loess Plateau. C1 [Osterkamp, W. R.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Osterkamp, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU YELLOW RIVER CONSERVANCY PRESS PI ZHENGZHOU PA CHENGDONG LU, ZHENGZHOU, HENAN 450004, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-80621-676-7 PY 2003 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BIL23 UT WOS:000260480900058 ER PT B AU Ries, KG AF Ries, Kernell G., III BE Shang, HQ TI Streamstats: A Prototype US Geological Survey Web Site for Stream Information SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL YELLOW RIVER FORUM ON RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Yellow River Forum CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Yellow River Conservancy Commiss, Minist Water Resources, China Int Ctr Econ & Tech Exchange, Xiaolangdi Multiple Purpose Project Construct & Adm Bur, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, NPC, Legislat Dept Nat & Environm Resources Comm DE surface water; flood frequency; low flow; statistics; United States AB Streamflow statistics, such as the 100 - year flood and the 7 - day, 10 - year low flow, are needed for water - resources planning and management, for design of bridges, culverts, and flood - control structures, and for many other purposes. This paper describes the: National Streamstats ( Streamstats) computer application currently in development by the U. S. Geological Survey for providing streamflow statistics to the public. Streamstats works through a Web browser to provide various types of streamflow statistics for data - collection stations and for ungauged sites. Streamstats users can point and click on data - collection stations shown on a map in their Web browser window to obtain streamflow statistics and other information for the stations. Users also can point and click on any stream shown on the map to get estimates of streamflow statistics for ungauged sites. Streamstats determines the watershed boundaries and measures physical and climatic characteristics of the watersheds for the ungauged sites by use of a Geographic Information System, and then inserts the characteristics into previously determined regression equations to estimate the streamflow statistics. Compared to manual methods, Streamstats reduces the average time needed to estimate streamflow statistics for ungauged sites from several hours to several minutes. C1 US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Reston, VA USA. RP Ries, KG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS415, Reston, VA USA. EM kries@usgs.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU YELLOW RIVER CONSERVANCY PRESS PI ZHENGZHOU PA CHENGDONG LU, ZHENGZHOU, HENAN 450004, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-80621-676-7 PY 2003 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BIL24 UT WOS:000260481300040 ER PT B AU Latysh, N Schroder, LJ Gray, JR AF Latysh, Natalie Schroder, LeRoy J. Gray, John R. BE Shang, HQ TI US Geological Survey Quality System for Suspended - Sediment Concentration and Particle - Size Analyses SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL YELLOW RIVER FORUM ON RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Yellow River Forum CY MAY 12-15, 2003 CL Zhengzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Yellow River Conservancy Commiss, Minist Water Resources, China Int Ctr Econ & Tech Exchange, Xiaolangdi Multiple Purpose Project Construct & Adm Bur, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, NPC, Legislat Dept Nat & Environm Resources Comm DE suspended - sediment concentration; particle - size distribution; USGS AB The United States Geological Survey (USGS) operates laboratories for the analysis of the physical characteristics of fluvial sediment. The large majority of analytical services provided by these laboratories are related to determination of analyses of water - sediment mixtures for determinations of suspended - sediment concentrations (SSC), and particle size distributions (PSD). The usefulness of these data is dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the laboratory analyses (Guy, 1969). To ensure that the physical sediment data produced or used by the USGS are of a known quality and are sufficient to provide long - term comparability and consistency on a national basis I the USGS initiated the Sediment Laboratory Quality - Assurance (SLQA) program in August 1996 (U. S. Geological Survey Office of Surface Water Technical Memorandum No. 98.05, 1998, Gray and others, 2001, Gordon and others, 2001). This SLQA program was developed to: I) evaluate the precision and bias of SSC and PSD analyses, and 2) evaluate sediment analyses on an on - going basis to monitor intralaboratory (analyses comparison within each laboratory) and interlaboratory (analyses comparison between laboratories) precision and accuracy (U. S. Geological Survey Office of Surface Water Technical Memorandum No. 98. 05, 1998). Results from these SLQA program studies enable an agency or customer that reviews or uses USGS fluvial sediment data to determine the degree of variability in laboratory analyses, and they allow the user to determine if data from a any laboratory is biased compared to data from other laboratories. C1 [Latysh, Natalie; Schroder, LeRoy J.] US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Latysh, N (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Branch Qual Syst, POB 25046,MS 401, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU YELLOW RIVER CONSERVANCY PRESS PI ZHENGZHOU PA CHENGDONG LU, ZHENGZHOU, HENAN 450004, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-80621-676-7 PY 2003 BP 324 EP 332 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BIL24 UT WOS:000260481300042 ER PT B AU Cheng, RT Gartner, JW AF Cheng, RT Gartner, JW BE Rizoli, JA TI Complete velocity distribution in river cross-sections measured by acoustic instruments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES SEVENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE/OES Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 13-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm, IEEE, Current Measurement Technol Comm ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; PROFILES AB To fully understand the hydraulic properties of natural rivers, velocity distribution in the river cross-section should be studied in detail. The measurement task is not straightforward because there is not an instrument that can measure the velocity distribution covering the entire cross-section. Particularly, the velocities in regions near the free surface and in the bottom boundary layer are difficult to measure, and yet the velocity properties in these regions play the most significant role in characterizing the hydraulic properties. To further characterize river hydraulics, two acoustic instruments, namely, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), and a "BoogieDopp" (BD) were used on fixed platforms to measure the detailed velocity profiles across the river. Typically, 20 to 25 stations were used to represent a river cross-section. At each station, water velocity profiles were measured independently and/or concurrently by an ADCP and a BD. The measured velocity properties were compared and used in computation of river discharge. In a tow-tank evaluation of a BD, it has been confirmed that BD is capable of measuring water velocity at about 11 cm below the free-surface. Therefore, the surface velocity distribution across the river was extracted from the BD velocity measurements and used to compute the river discharge. These detailed velocity profiles and the composite velocity distribution were used to assess the validity of the classic theories of velocity distributions, conventional river discharge measurement methods, and for estimates of channel bottom roughness. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cheng, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7813-X PY 2003 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1109/CCM.2003.1194276 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BW46A UT WOS:000182080500004 ER PT B AU Mueller, DS AF Mueller, DS BE Rizoli, JA TI Field evaluation of boat-mounted acoustic Doppler instruments used to measure streamflow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES SEVENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE/OES Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 13-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm, IEEE, Current Measurement Technol Comm AB The use of instruments based on the Doppler principle for measuring water velocity and computing discharge is common within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The instruments and software have changed appreciably during the last 5 years; therefore, the USGS has begun field validation of the instruments used to make discharge measurements from a moving boat. Instruments manufactured by SonTek/YSI and RD Instruments, Inc. were used to collect discharge data at five different sites. One or more traditional discharge measurements were made using a Price AA current meter and standard USGS procedures concurrent with the acoustic instruments at each site. Discharges measured with the acoustic instruments were compared with discharges measured with Price AA current meters and the USGS stage-discharge rating for each site. The mean discharges measured by each acoustic instrument were within 5 percent of the Price AA-based measurement and (or) discharge from the stage-discharge rating. C1 US Geol Survey, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. RP Mueller, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9818 Bluegrass Pkwy, Louisville, KY 40299 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7813-X PY 2003 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1109/CCM.2003.1194278 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BW46A UT WOS:000182080500006 ER PT B AU Martini, M AF Martini, M BE Rizoli, JA TI Using a 1200 kHz workhorse ADCP with mode 12 to measure near bottom mean currents. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE/OES SEVENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE/OES Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology CY MAR 13-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Ocean Engn Soc, Current Measurement Technol Comm, IEEE, Current Measurement Technol Comm C1 US Geol Survey, Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Martini, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7813-X PY 2003 BP 250 EP 250 DI 10.1109/CCM.2003.1194323 PG 1 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BW46A UT WOS:000182080500050 ER PT B AU Kharaka, YK Schroeder, RA Setmire, JG AF Kharaka, YK Schroeder, RA Setmire, JG BE Wang, YX TI Reclaiming agricultural drainage water with nanoriltration membranes: Imperial Valley, California, USA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Water Resources and the Urban Environment CY NOV 09-10, 2003 CL WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Univ Geosci DE reclaiming agricultural drainage; nanofiltration membranes ID NANOFILTRATION; SELENIUM AB We conducted pilot-scale field experiments using nanofiltration membranes to lower the salinity and remove Se, As and other toxic contaminants from saline agricultural wastewater in the Imperial Valley, California, USA. Farmlands in the desert climate (rainfall similar to7.4 cm/a) of Imperial Valley cover similar to200,000 ha that are irrigated with water (similar to1.7 km(3) annually) imported from the Colorado River. The salinity (similar to850 mg/L) and concentration of Se (similar to2.5 mug/L) in the Colorado River water are high and evapotranpiration further concentrates salts in irrigation drainage water, reaching salinities of 3,000-15,000 mg/L TDS and a median Se value of similar to30 mug/L. Experiments were conducted with two,commercially available nanofiltration membranes, using drainage water of varying composition, and with or without the addition of organic precipitation inhibitors. Results show that these membranes selectively remove >95% of Se, SO(4), Mo, U and DOC, and similar to30% of As from this wastewater. Low percentages of Cl, NO(3) and HCO(3), with enough cations to maintain electrical neutrality also were removed. The product water treated by these,membranes comprised >90% of the wastewater tested. Results indicate that the treated product water from the Alamo River likely will have <0.2 mug/L Se, salinity of 300-500 mg/L TDS and other chemical. concentrations that meet the water quality criteria for irrigation and potable use. Because acceptability is a major issue for providing treated wastewater to urban centers, it may be prudent to, use the reclaimed water for irrigation and creation of lower salinity wetlands near the Salton Sea; an equivalent volume of Colorado River water can then be diverted for the use of increasing populations of San Diego and other urban centers in southern California. Nanofiltration membranes yield greater reclaimed-water output and require lower pressure and less pretreatment, and therefore are generally more cost effective than traditional reverse osmosis membranes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 8 BEIGANGZIJIE, CHONGWENMEN, BEIJING 100062, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-80163-764-X PY 2003 BP 14 EP 20 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BY50J UT WOS:000189385900004 ER PT S AU Knapp, M Molnar, JJ Davies, WD AF Knapp, M Molnar, JJ Davies, WD BE Phillips, B Megrey, BA Zhou, Y TI Comparison of environmental orientations of two watershed organizations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD WORLD FISHERIES CONGRESS: FEEDING THE WORLD WITH FISH IN THE NEXT MILLENIUM-THE BALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Third World Fisheries Congress CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Soc Fisheries, Beijing Fisheries Grp, Shanghai Fisheries Grp, Australian Soc Fish Biol, Jiangsu Zheng Chang Grp, Great Lakes Fisheries Commiss, China Natl Fisheries (Grp) Co, Amer Fisheries Soc, Tong Wei Enterprise Grp, Si Chuan Province, UN Univ Iceland, Fisheries Training Programme C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Knapp, M (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata Fish & Wildlife Off, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 1-888569-55-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2003 VL 38 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BY10K UT WOS:000187669600059 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Reynolds, RL Been, J Skipp, G AF Muhs, DR Reynolds, RL Been, J Skipp, G TI Eolian sand transport pathways in the southwestern United States: importance of the Colorado River and local sources SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Linkages between Fluvial, Lacustrine, and Aeolian Systems CY OCT 23-28, 2000 CL ZZYZX, CALIFORNIA ID EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT; QUATERNARY DUNE FIELDS; MARSH SEDIMENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; CALIFORNIA; USA; NEBRASKA; MEXICO; HILLS AB Geomorphologists have long recognized that eolian sand transport pathways extend over long distances in desert regions. Along such pathways, sediment transport by wind can surmount topographic obstacles and cross major drainages. Recent studies have suggested that three distinct eolian sand transport pathways exist (or once existed) in the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the southwestern United States. One hypothesized pathway is eolian sand transport from the eastern Mojave Desert of California into western Arizona, near Parker, and would require sand movement across what must have been at least a seasonally dry Colorado River valley. We tested this hypothesis by mineralogical, geochemical and magnetic analyses of eolian sands on both sides of the Colorado River, as well as sediment from the river itself. Results indicate that dunes on opposite sides of the Colorado River are mineralogically distinct: eastern California dunes are feldspar-rich whereas western Arizona dunes are quartz-rich, derived from quartz-rich Colorado River sediments. Because of historic vegetation changes, little new sediment from the Colorado River is presently available to supply the Parker dunes. Based on this study and previous work, the Colorado River is now known to be the source of sand for at least three of the major dune fields of the Sonoran Desert of western Arizona and northern Mexico. On the other hand, locally derived alluvium appears to be a more important source of dune fields in the Mojave Desert of California. Although many geomorphologists have stressed the importance of large fluvial systems in the origin of desert dune fields, few empirical data actually exist to support this theory. The results presented here demonstrate that a major river system in the southwestern United States is a barrier to the migration of some dune fields, but essential to the origin of others. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 63 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2003 VL 104 BP 3 EP 18 AR PII S1040-6182(02)00131-3 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00131-3 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 656BN UT WOS:000181589100002 ER PT J AU Carrara, PE O'Neill, JM AF Carrara, PE O'Neill, JM TI Tree-ring dated landslide movements and their relationship to seismic events in southwestern Montana, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE montana; tree-ring analysis; landslides; earthquakes ID EARTHQUAKES AB To determine periods of incremental landslide movement and their possible relationship to regional seismic events, the tree-ring records of 32 tilted and damaged conifers at three sites on landslides in the Gravelly Range of southwestern Montana were examined. Several signs of disturbance in the tree-ring record indicating landslide movement were observed. Commonly, the tree-ring record displayed a marked reduction in annual ring width and/or the reaction wood formation. The tree-ring records from the three landslide sites indicate multiple periods of movement during the 20th century. Many of the periods of movement indicated by the strongest signals (most trees) at the sites occurred the year following significant earthquakes in the region. Those seismic events for which evidence in the tree-ring record was found at one or more of the three sites are the 1983 Borah Peak, 1959 Hebgen Lake, 1935 Helena, 1925 Clarkson, and 1908 Virginia City earthquakes. This Study suggests that many of the landslide movements were triggered by, or are coincident with, earthquakes as much as 200 km from the study area. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Carrara, PE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 AR PII S0033-5894(02)00010-8 DI 10.1016/S0033-5894(02)00010-8 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 652YF UT WOS:000181407900004 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Mroczkowski, SJ Coplen, TB AF Bohlke, JK Mroczkowski, SJ Coplen, TB TI Oxygen isotopes in nitrate: new reference materials for O-18 : O-17 : O-16 measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FRESH-WATER; NITROGEN; O-18; DELTA-O-18; SULFATE; ORIGIN; SYSTEM; N-15; FRACTIONATION AB Despite a rapidly growing literature on analytical methods and field applications of 0 isotope-ratio measurements of NO3- in environmental studies, there is evidence that the reported data may not be comparable because reference materials with widely varying 6'80 values have not been readily available. To address this problem, we prepared large quantities of two nitrate salts with contrasting O isotopic compositions for distribution as reference materials for O isotope-ratio measurements: USGS34 (KNO3) with low delta(18)O and USGS35 (NaNO3) with high delta(18)O and mass-independent' delta(17)O. The procedure used to produce USGS34 involved equilibration of HNO3 with O-18-depleted meteoric water. Nitric acid equilibration is proposed as a simple method for producing laboratory NO3- reference materials with a range of delta(18)O values and normal (massdependent) O-18:O-17:O-16 variation. Preliminary data indicate that the equilibrium O isotope-fractionation factor (alpha) between [NO3-] and H2O decreases with increasing temperature from 1.0215 at 22degreesC to 1.0131 at 100degreesC. USGS35 was purified from the nitrate ore deposits of the Atacama Desert in Chile and has a high 170:18 0 ratio owing to its atmospheric origin. These new reference materials, combined with previously distributed NO3- isotopic reference materials IAEA-N3 (=IAEA-NO-3) and USGS32, can be used to calibrate local laboratory reference materials for determining offset values, scale factors, and mass-independent effects on N and O isotope-ratio measurements in a wide variety of environmental NO3 samples. Preliminary analyses yield the following results (normalized with respect to VSMOW and SLAP, with reproducibilities of +/-0.2-0.3parts per thousand, 1alpha): IAEA-N3 has delta(18)O = +25.6parts per thousand and delta(17)O = +13.2parts per thousand.; USGS32 has delta(18)O = +25.7parts per thousand; USGS34 has delta(18)O = -27.9parts per thousand and delta(17)O = -14.8parts per thousand; and USGS35 has delta(18)O = +57.5parts per thousand and delta(17)O = +51.5parts per thousand. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. RP Bohlke, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. NR 51 TC 198 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 48 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 16 BP 1835 EP 1846 DI 10.1002/rcm.1123 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 709BQ UT WOS:000184605200004 PM 12876683 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB Geilmann, H Brand, WA Bohlke, JK AF Qi, HP Coplen, TB Geilmann, H Brand, WA Bohlke, JK TI Two new organic reference materials for delta C-13 and delta N-15 measurements and a new value for the delta C-13 of NBS 22 oil SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Analytical grade L-glutamic acid is chemically stable and has a C/N mole ratio of 5, which is close to that of many of natural biological materials, such as blood and animal tissue. Two L-glutamic acid reference materials with substantially different C-13 and N-15 abundances have been prepared for use as organic reference materials for C and N isotopic measurements. USGS40 is analytical grade L-glutamic acid and has a delta(13)C value of -26.24parts per thousand relative to VPDB and a delta(15)N value of -4.52parts per thousand relative to N-2 in air. USGS41 was prepared by dissolving analytical grade L-glutamic acid with L-glutamic acid enriched in C-13 and N-15. USGS41 has a delta(13)C value of +37.76parts per thousand and a delta(15)N value of +47.57parts per thousand. The delta(13)C and delta(15)N values of both materials were measured against the international reference materials NBS 19 calcium carbonate (delta(13)C = +1.95parts per thousand), L-SVEC lithium carbonate (delta(13)C = -46.48parts per thousand), IAEA-N-1 ammonium sulfate (delta(15)N = 0.43parts per thousand), and USGS32 potassium nitrate (delta(15)N = 180parts per thousand) by on-line combustion continuous-flow and off-line dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Both USGS40 and USGS41 are isotopically homogeneous; reproducibility of delta(13)C is better than 0.13parts per thousand, and that of delta(15)N is better than 0.13parts per thousand in 100-mug amounts. These two isotopic reference materials can be used for (i) calibrating local laboratory reference materials, and (ii) quantifying drift with time, mass-dependent fractionations, and isotope-ratio-scale contraction in the isotopic analysis of various biological materials. Isotopic results presented in this paper yield a delta(13)C value for NBS 22 oil of -29.91parts per thousand, in contrast to the commonly accepted value of -29.78parts per thousand for which off-line blank corrections probably have not been quantified satisfactorily. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA USA. RI Brand, Willi/D-2043-2009 NR 12 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 22 BP 2483 EP 2487 DI 10.1002/rcm.1219 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 742BL UT WOS:000186495300005 PM 14608617 ER PT S AU Golden, NH Rattner, BA AF Golden, NH Rattner, BA BE Ware, GW TI Ranking terrestrial vertebrate species for utility in biomonitoring and vulnerability to environmental contaminants SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 176 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; CROWNED NIGHT-HERONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SWALLOWS TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; BALD EAGLE EGGS; BRAIN CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; ORGANO-PHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE; ACUTE SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE; SPRAYED APPLE ORCHARDS; GULL LARUS-ARGENTATUS C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Maritime Estuarine Environm Sci Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 322 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 0-387-95517-8 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 176 BP 67 EP 136 PG 70 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV71P UT WOS:000179880300002 PM 12442504 ER PT J AU Adelsbach, TL Tjeerdema, RS AF Adelsbach, TL Tjeerdema, RS TI Chemistry and fate of fenvalerate and esfenvalerate SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 176 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; TOXICOLOGY; SUMICIDIN; SOIL C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Tjeerdema, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T PY 2003 VL 176 BP 137 EP 154 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BV71P UT WOS:000179880300003 PM 12442505 ER PT J AU Breck, SW Wilson, KR Andersen, DC AF Breck, SW Wilson, KR Andersen, DC TI Beaver herbivory and its effect on cottonwood trees: Influence of flooding along matched regulated and unregulated rivers SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Castor canadensis; Flaming Gorge Dam; flooding; flow regulation; Green River; herbivory; Populus deltoides; Yampa River ID GREEN RIVER; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; FREMONT COTTONWOOD; CASTOR-CANADENSIS; FOOD SELECTION; MARKED ANIMALS; RIO-GRANDE; MONTANA; ESTABLISHMENT AB We compared beaver (Castor canadensis) foraging patterns on Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. wislizenii) saplings and the probability of saplings being cut on a 10 km,reach of the flow-regulated Green River and a 8.6 km reach of the free-flowing Yampa River in northwestern Colorado. We measured the abundance and density of cottonwood on each reach and followed the fates of individually marked saplings in three patches of cottonwood on the Yampa River and two patches on the Green River. Two natural floods on the Yampa River and one controlled flood on the Green River between May 1998 and November 1999 allowed us to assess the effect of flooding on beaver herbivory. Independent of beaver herbivory, flow regulation on the Green River has caused a decrease in number of cottonwood patches per kilometre of river, area of patches per kilometre, and average stem density within cottonwood patches. The number of saplings cut per beaver colony was three times lower on the - Green River than on the Yampa River but the probability of a sapling being cut by a beaver was still higher on the Green River because of lower sapling density there. Controlled flooding appeared to increase the rate of foraging on the Green River by inundating patches of cottonwood, which enhanced access by beaver. Our results suggest regulation can magnify the impact of beaver on cottonwood through interrelated effects on plant spatial distribution and cottonwood density, with the result that beaver herbivory will need to be considered in plans to enhance cottonwood populations along regulated rivers. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1002/rra.696 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 639CR UT WOS:000180610500003 ER PT J AU Eberl, DD Srodon, J Drits, VA AF Eberl, DD Srodon, J Drits, VA TI Comment on "Evaluation of X-ray diffraction methods for determining the crystal growth mechanisms of clay minerals in mudstones, shales and slates," by L. N. Warr and D. R. Peacor SO SCHWEIZERISCHE MINERALOGISCHE UND PETROGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bertaut-Warren-Averbach; MudMaster; crystal growth; illite; clay minerals ID THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SMECTITE CRYSTALLITES; PARTICLE THICKNESS; ILLITE CRYSTALS; MEAN THICKNESS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; ILLITIZATION; COLORADO AB A recent paper by Warr and Peacor (2002) suggested that our use of the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach technique (MudMaster computer program) for studying changes in crystallite thickness distributions (CTDs) of clay minerals during diagenesis and very low-grade metamorphism is not reliable because it is dependent on many variables which can not be fully controlled. Furthermore, the authors implied that the measured shapes of CTDs cannot be used with confidence to deduce crystal growth mechanisms and histories for clays, based on our CTD simulation approach (using the Galoper computer program). We disagree with both points, and show that the techniques are powerful, reliable and useful for studying clay mineral alteration in rocks. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. PAN, Inst Geol Sci, PL-31002 Krakow, Poland. RAN, Inst Geol, Moscow 109017, Russia. RP Eberl, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ddeberl@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU STAUBLI VERLAG AG PI ZURICH PA POSTFACH 566, CH-8045 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0036-7699 J9 SCHWEIZ MINER PETROG JI Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Geology; Mineralogy SC Geology; Mineralogy GA 914PE UT WOS:000228239100010 ER PT J AU Stein, RS AF Stein, RS TI Earthquake conversations SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article AB Contrary to prevailing wisdom, large earthquakes can interact in unexpected ways. This exciting discovery could dramatically improve scientists' ability to pinpoint future shocks. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stein, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 2 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 18 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 288 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 624YJ UT WOS:000179789500031 PM 12506427 ER PT J AU Groat, CG AF Groat, CG TI USGS: Science partnering to provide for the nation's coasts and oceans SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Groat, CG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 639JA UT WOS:000180623800006 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KJ Collins, LS AF Cunningham, KJ Collins, LS TI Controls on facies and sequence stratigraphy of an upper Miocene carbonate ramp and platform (vol 146, pg 285, 2002) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Cunningham, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9100 NW 36th St,Suite 107, Miami, FL 33178 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 192 AR PII S0037-0738(02)00105-7 DI 10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00105-7 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 623VU UT WOS:000179724200007 ER PT B AU Burgisser, A Bergantz, GW Breidenthal, RE AF Burgisser, A Bergantz, GW Breidenthal, RE BE Gyr, A Kinzelbach, W TI On the effects of stokes, Richardson, and stability numbers in persistent and accelerating vortices SO SEDIMENTATION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sedimentation and Sediment Transport CY SEP 02-06, 2002 CL MONTE VERITA, SWITZERLAND SP Inst Hydromech & Water Resources Management, Inst Fluid Dynam, Swiss Fed Inst Technol ID JET; ENTRAINMENT; MODEL; FLOW C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Burgisser, A (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Geophys Inst, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-1266-7 PY 2003 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BW93H UT WOS:000183698100017 ER PT S AU Kieffer, HH Stone, TC Barnes, RA Bender, S Eplee, RE Mendenhall, J Ong, L AF Kieffer, HH Stone, TC Barnes, RA Bender, S Eplee, RE Mendenhall, J Ong, L BE Fujisada, H Lurie, JB Aten, ML Weber, K TI On-orbit radiometric calibration over time and between spacecraft using the moon SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems and Next-Generation Satellites VI CY SEP 23-26, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE moon; on-orbit calibration; spacecraft ID LUNAR; SEAWIFS AB The Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) project has developed a spectral irradiance model of the Moon that accounts for variations with lunar phase through the bright half of a month, lunar librations, and the location of an Earth-orbiting spacecraft. The methodology of comparing spacecraft observations of the Moon with this model has been developed to a set of standardized procedures so that comparisons can be readily made. In the cases where observations extend over several years (e.g., SeaWiFS), instrument response degradation has been determined with precision of about 0.1% per year. Because of the strong dependence of lunar irradiance on geometric angles, observations by two spacecraft cannot be directly compared unless acquired at the same time and location. Rather, the lunar irradiance based on each spacecraft instrument calibration can be compared with the lunar irradiance model. Even single observations by an instrument allow inter-comparison of its radiometric scale with other instruments participating in the lunar calibration program. Observations by SeaWiFS, ALI, Hyperion and MTI are compared here. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kieffer, HH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4663-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 4881 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.462611 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BW68V UT WOS:000182828200031 ER PT J AU Cai, Z Parashkevov, RR Russell, TF Wilson, JD Ye, X AF Cai, Z Parashkevov, RR Russell, TF Wilson, JD Ye, X TI Domain decomposition for a mixed finite element method in three dimensions SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE divergence-free basis; domain decomposition; second-order elliptic problems; mixed finite element method AB We consider the solution of the discrete linear system resulting from a mixed finite element discretization applied to a second-order elliptic boundary value problem in three dimensions. Based on a decomposition of the velocity space, these equations can be reduced to a discrete elliptic problem by eliminating the pressure through the use of substructures of the domain. The practicality of the reduction relies on a local basis, presented here, for the divergence-free subspace of the velocity space. We consider additive and multiplicative domain decomposition methods for solving the reduced elliptic problem, and their uniform convergence is established. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Exxon Mobil Upstream Res Corp, Houston, TX 77252 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Math, Denver, CO 80217 USA. US Geol Survey, MS 413, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Math & Stat, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Cai, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 181 EP 194 AR PII S0036142996296935 DI 10.1137/S0036142996296935 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 671DL UT WOS:000182450000008 ER PT J AU DeVries, DR Armstrong, DL Topolski, M Pine, WE Johnson, JA Dunham, RA Robison, L DiBona, J Norgren, K Hartfield, P Cook, S AF DeVries, DR Armstrong, DL Topolski, M Pine, WE Johnson, JA Dunham, RA Robison, L DiBona, J Norgren, K Hartfield, P Cook, S TI Distribution, habitat use, and genetics of Tulotoma magnifica (Gastropoda : Viviparidae) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GONIOBASIS; PLEUROCERIDAE; PLANORBIDAE AB Tulotoma magnfica (Conrad, 1834) is an enlarged operculate gastropod, formerly found throughout the Coosa River system in Alabama, USA whose range has been severely reduced and is now listed as endangered. We found its current range in 4 of 6 tributaries to be greater than in previous surveys. Neither abundance nor size of T. magnifica was consistently related to five habitat factors that we measured (rock surface area, rock height, water depth, current speed, abundance of other snail species), explaining less than 12-18% of the variation. While T. magnifica consistently used larger and taller rocks, there was no consistent difference in water depth, current speed, and abundance of other snail species between rocks with versus without T magnifica. Isozyme variation of T. magnifica was greatest in the main channel Coosa River population; some Coosa River alleles were not detected elsewhere. Populations were at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at all but two of 17 loci examined, indicating random mating, no selection, no migration, and no mutation (except at those two loci). Genetic similarity (S) among populations ranged from 0.88-0.97; the smaller values are at a level that potentially suggests different subspecies, due primarily to a near fixed difference in allele frequency at the GPI locus. The distribution of T magnifica within areas where it has been found is greater than thought based on recent surveys. In addition, there exists suitable unoccupied habitat at most sites. We suggest that some of these areas represent locations that could be considered for future efforts at recolonization, should that fit within the species recovery plan. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jackson Field Off, Jackson, MS 39213 USA. Alabama Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Div Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. RP DeVries, DR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 35 EP 58 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0035:DHUAGO]2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 665ZD UT WOS:000182150400004 ER PT J AU Layzer, JB Adair, B Saha, S Woods, LM AF Layzer, JB Adair, B Saha, S Woods, LM TI Glochidial hosts and other aspects of the life history of the Cumberland pigtoe (Pleurobema gibberum) SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TENNESSEE RIVER DRAINAGE; FISH HOSTS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MUSSELS MOLLUSCA; UNIONIDAE; VIRGINIA; BIVALVIA AB The endangered Cumberland pigtoe is a small mussel endemic to the upper Caney Fork River drainage in middle Tennessee, USA. Gravid individuals were collected from late June through August. Conglutinates obtained from these individuals contained few glochidia and were composed primarily of unfertilized eggs. In the laboratory, 18 species of fish were exposed to glochidia, and metamorphosis occurred on telescope shiners and striped shiners 8 to 10 days later. Although conglutinates contained few (< 50) glochidia, greater than or equal to30% of the telescope shiners collected from the Collins River were infested with glochidia, and juvenile Cumberland pigtoes excysted from naturally-infested telescope shiners returned alive to the laboratory. The consistent predominance of unfertilized eggs in conglutinates of the Cumberland pigtoe and the high incidence of glochidia encysted on telescope shiners collected from the Collins River support the hypothesis that a high proportion of unfertilized eggs in conglutinates may be adaptive rather than an anomaly in certain species. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Tennessee Corp Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Layzer, JB (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Tennessee Corp Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0073:GHAOAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 665ZD UT WOS:000182150400006 ER PT J AU Brandt, LA Ecker, D Rivera, IG Traut, A Mazzotti, FJ AF Brandt, LA Ecker, D Rivera, IG Traut, A Mazzotti, FJ TI Wildlife and vegetation of Bayhead Islands in the ARM Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; TREE ISLANDS AB Wildlife and vegetation were sampled on five tree islands in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge from June 1999-June 2000 in order to generate a preliminary species list and examine the logistics of using various sampling techniques on bayhead tree islands. Seventy-nine vertebrate species and 19 plant species were recorded. Species richness for plants and vertebrates were similar among islands. Similarity among islands ranged from about 35 to 70% for plants and about 40 to 60% for vertebrates. Richness and similarity values for vegetation were lower than those recorded for tear-dropped shaped islands in wetlands south of the refuge probably due to differences in island topography and geographic location. Number of vertebrate species recorded by sampling method ranged from 2 to 62 with most vertebrate species recorded as observational data rather than during trapping events. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee NWR, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. SEMARNAT, Cancun 77500, Q Roo, Mexico. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP US Fish & Wildlife Serv, ARM Loxahatchee NWR, 10216 Lee Rd, Boynton Beach, FL 33437 USA. EM laura_brandt@fws.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 2 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0179:WAVOBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697GT UT WOS:000183934700002 ER PT J AU Lichtenberg, JS Lichtenberg, DA AF Lichtenberg, JS Lichtenberg, DA TI Predation of caterpillars on understory saplings in an Ozark forest SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPRUCE BUDWORM; LARVAE; BIRDS; LEPIDOPTERA; VESPIDAE; INSECTS; WASPS; GAPS; OAK AB Predators of caterpillars (Lepidoptera larvae) can indirectly enhance economic gains from plant resources by reducing herbivore damage to plants. For this study, we directly observed predation of caterpillars on understory trees in the Ozarks. Our objectives were to determine the relative importance of diurnal guilds of caterpillar predators, the time of day most diurnal predation events occur, and whether predators spend more time feeding in open or closed canopy areas. Once per month, June-September, we tethered caterpillars to understory saplings and recorded all predation events. Only invertebrate predators were observed feeding on caterpillars, and most predation events were attributed to ants and vespids (wasps, hornets and yellow jackets). Predation by vertebrate predators such as birds, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians was not observed. Most predation events took place at mid-day between 1200 and 1600 hrs. Predation pressure differed significantly over the four observation dates with peak ant predation in July and peak vespid predation in September. Canopy environment appeared to influence predation events as there was a trend towards higher vespid predation of caterpillars on open canopy as opposed to closed canopy saplings. Ants and vespids accounted for 90% of observed predation events; therefore they appear to be important predators of caterpillars during the summer months. Future studies at earlier sampling dates would be valuable in determining whether the relative importance of other diurnal guilds of caterpillar predators might be greater in the spring. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Johnson Controls World Serv, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Lichtenberg, JS (reprint author), Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribes Flathead Re, Wildlife Management Program, POB 278, Pablo, MT 59855 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0423:POCOUS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728LT UT WOS:000185719200010 ER PT J AU Bruno, MC Cunningham, KJ Perry, SA AF Bruno, MC Cunningham, KJ Perry, SA TI Copepod communities from surface and ground waters in the Everglades, South Florida SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DIACYCLOPS-NEARCTICUS KIEFER; NATIONAL-PARK FLORIDA; SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION; NORTH-AMERICA; N-SP; CYCLOPOIDA; CRUSTACEA; USA; RECORDS; CANTHOCAMPTIDAE AB We studied species composition and individual abundance of copepods in the surficial aquifer northeast of Everglades National Park. We identified the spatial distribution of subsurface habitats by assessing the depth of the high porosity layers in the limestone along a canal system, and we used copepods to assess the exchange between surface water and ground water along canal banks, at levels in the wells where high porosity connections to the canals exist. Surface- and ground-water taxa were defined, and species composition was related to areal position, sampling depth, and time. Subsurface copepod communities were dominated by surface copepods that disperse into the aquifer following the groundwater seepage along canal L-31N. The similarities in species composition between wells along canal reaches, suggest that copepods mainly enter ground water horizontally along canals via active and passive dispersal. Thus, the copepod populations indicate continuous connections between surface- and ground waters. The most abundant species were Orthocyclops modestus, Arctodiaptomus floridanus, Mesocyclops edax, and Thermocyclops parvus, all known in literature from surface habitats; however, these species have been collected in ground water in ENP. Only two stygophiles were collected: Diacylcops nearcticus and Diacyclops crassicaudis brachycercus. Restoration of the Everglades ecosystem requires a mosaic of data to reveal a complete picture of this complex system. The use of copepods as indicators of seepage could be a tool in helping to assess the direction and the duration of surface and ground water exchange. C1 S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Miami, FL 33178 USA. RP Bruno, MC (reprint author), S Florida Nat Resources Ctr, Everglades Natl Pk,40001 State Rd 9336, Homestead, FL 33034 USA. EM Cristina_Bruno@contractor.nps.gov RI Bruno, Maria Cristina/D-8792-2011; Bruno, Maria Cristina/B-8117-2015; OI Bruno, Maria Cristina/0000-0001-7860-841X; Bruno, Maria Cristina/0000-0001-7860-841X; Cunningham, Kevin/0000-0002-2179-8686 NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 523 EP 546 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0523:CCFSAG]2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766YD UT WOS:000188410600005 ER PT J AU Zacharow, M Barichivich, WJ Dodd, CK AF Zacharow, M Barichivich, WJ Dodd, CK TI Using ground-placed PVC pipes to monitor hylid treefrogs: Capture biases SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DECLINES AB We sampled a population of two species of hylid treefrogs using 90 vertical ground-placed PVC pipes of 3 diameters positioned along a 1500-m transect at a forest-open pond ecotone in north-central Florida in order to identify potential capture biases. We recorded 1,981 treefrog observations (778 unmarked, 1,203 recaptures) in 8 months. Our results identified species-specific seasonal and weather-related variation in capture by pipe diameter and pipe location. These biases may limit the usefulness of this sampling technique when monitoring long-term treefrog population status and trends. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dodd, CK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM ken_dodd@usgs.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0575:UGPPTM]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766YD UT WOS:000188410600008 ER PT J AU Bale, MT Zettler, JA Robinson, BA Spira, TP Allen, CR AF Bale, MT Zettler, JA Robinson, BA Spira, TP Allen, CR TI Yellow jackets may be an underestimated component of an ant-seed mutualism SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID HYMENOPTERA; PREDATION; DISPERSAL; FORESTS; HUMILIS; PLANT AB Yellow jackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) are attracted to the typically ant-dispersed seeds of trilliums and will take seeds from ants in the genus Aphaenogaster. To determine if yellow jacket, Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), presence interferes with seed foraging by ants, we presented seeds of Trillium discolor Wray to three species (A. texana carolinensis Wheeler, Formica schaufussi Mayr, and Solenopsis invicta Buren) of seed-carrying ants in areas where vespids were present or excluded. We found that interspecific aggression between yellow jackets and ants is species specific. Vespid presence decreased average foraging time and increased foraging efficiency of two of the three ant species studied, a situation that might reflect competition for a limited food source. We also found that yellow jackets removed more seeds than ants, suggestive that vespids are important, albeit underestimated, components of ant-seed mutualisms. C1 Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Chandler Med Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, SC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Zettler, JA (reprint author), Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Dept Biol, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM zettleje@mail.armstrong.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2003)002[0609:YJMBAU]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766YD UT WOS:000188410600010 ER PT S AU DeAngelis, DL AF DeAngelis, DL BE Nelson, M Pechurkin, NS Dempster, WF Somova, LA Shea, MA TI Mathematical modeling relevant to closed artificial ecosystems SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: CLOSED ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of F4 1 Session of the 34th Scientific Assembly of COSPAR CY OCT, 2002 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Comm Space Res ID PHYTOPLANKTON; LIGHT AB The mathematical modeling of ecosystems has contributed much to the understanding of the dynamics of such systems. Ecosystems can include not only the natural variety, but also artificial systems designed and controlled by humans. These can range from agricultural systems and activated sludge plants, down to mesocosms, microcosms, and aquaria, which may have practical or research applications. Some purposes may require the design of systems that are completely closed, as far as material cycling is concerned. In all cases, mathematical modeling can help not only to understand the dynamics of the system, but also to design methods of control to keep the system operating in desired ranges. This paper reviews mathematical modeling relevant to the simulation and control of closed or semi-closed artificial ecosystems designed for biological production and recycling in applications in space. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP DeAngelis, DL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI KIDLINGTON PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE,, KIDLINGTON OX5 1GB, OXFORD, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2003 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1657 EP 1665 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00105-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX17V UT WOS:000184541200004 PM 14503503 ER PT S AU Paillet, FL AF Paillet, FL BE Singhroy, V Hansen, DT Pierce, RR Johnson, AI TI Spatial scale analysis in geophysics - Integrating surface and borehole geophysics in groundwater studies SO SPATIAL METHODS FOR SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HYDROLOGIC PROBLEMS-SCIENCE, POLICY, AND STANDARDIZATION SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Spatial Methods for the Solution of Environmental and Hydrologic Problems CY JAN 25, 2001 CL RENO, NV DE geophysics; borehole geophysics; electromagnetic surveys; seawater intrusion ID LOGS AB Integration of geophysical data obtained at various scales can bridge the gap between localized data from boreholes and site-wide data from regional survey profiles. Specific approaches to such analysis include: 1) comparing geophysical measurements in boreholes with the same measurement made from the surface; 2) regressing geophysical data obtained in boreholes with water-sample data from screened intervals; 3) using multiple, physically independent measurements in boreholes to develop multivariate response models for surface geophysical survey; 4) defining subsurface cell geometry for most effective survey inversion methods; and 5) making geophysical measurements in boreholes to serve as independent verification of geophysical interpretations. Integrated analysis of surface electromagnetic surveys and borehole geophysical logs at a study site in south Florida indicates that salinity of water in the surficial aquifers is controlled by a simple wedge of seawater intrusion along the coast and by a complex pattern of upward brine seepage from deeper aquifers throughout the study area. This interpretation was verified by drilling three additional test boreholes in carefully selected locations. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Paillet, FL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 403, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-3455-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2003 VL 1420 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1520/STP10915S PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BW30Q UT WOS:000181492100006 ER PT J AU Lee, K Wohlgeschaffen, G Tremblay, GH Johnson, BT Sergy, GA Prince, RC Guenette, CC Owens, EH AF Lee, K Wohlgeschaffen, G Tremblay, GH Johnson, BT Sergy, GA Prince, RC Guenette, CC Owens, EH TI Toxicity evaluation with the Microtox (R) Test to assess the impact of in situ oiled shoreline treatment options: Natural attenuation and sediment relocation SO SPILL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE shoreline oiling; remediation; fate; toxicity; Microtox (R); benthic ID BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS; WATER; SAMPLES AB Changes in the toxicity levels of beach sediment, nearshore water, and bottom sediment samples were monitored with the Microtox((R)) Test to evaluate the two in situ oil spill treatment options of natural attenuation (natural recovery-no treatment) and sediment relocation (surf washing). During a series of field trials, IF-30 fuel oil was intentionally sprayed onto the surface of three mixed sediment (pebble and sand) beaches on the island of Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway (78degrees56' N, 16degrees45' E). At a low wave-energy site (Site 1 with a 3-km wind fetch), where oil was stranded within the zone of normal wave action, residual oil concentrations and beach sediment toxicity levels were significantly reduced by both options in less than five days. At Site 3, a higher wave-energy site with a 40-km wind fetch, oil was intentionally stranded on the beach face in the upper intertidal/supratidal zones, above the level of normal wave activity. At this site under these experimental conditions, sediment relocation was effective in accelerating the removal of the oil from the sediments and reducing the Microtox((R)) Test toxicity response to background levels. In the untreated (natural attenuation) plot at this site, the fraction of residual oil remaining within the beach sediments after one year (70%) continued to generate a toxic response. Chemical and toxicological analyses of nearshore sediment and sediment-trap samples at both sites confirmed that oil and suspended mineral fines were effectively dispersed into the surrounding environment by the in situ treatments. In terms of secondary potential detrimental effects from the release of stranded oil from the beaches, the toxicity level (Microtox((R)) Test) of adjacent nearshore sediment samples did not exceed the Canadian regulatory limit for dredged spoils destined for ocean disposal. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Environm Canada, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. SINTEF, Appl Chem, Environm Engn, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. Polaris Appl Sci Inc, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Reg Oceans & Environm Branch, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ctr Offshore Oil & Gas Environm Res, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1353-2561 J9 SPILL SCI TECHNOL B JI Spill Sci. Technol. Bull. PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00039-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum SC Engineering GA 705GX UT WOS:000184388300007 ER PT B AU Celebi, M Sanli, A Sinclair, M Gallant, S Radulescu, D AF Celebi, M Sanli, A Sinclair, M Gallant, S Radulescu, D BE Wu, ZS Abe, M TI Real-time seismic monitoring needs of a building owner and the solution SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING AND INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure CY NOV 13-15, 2003 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Civil Engineers, Japan Soc Promot Sci, minist Educ, Culture, Sport, Sci & Technol, Amer Concrete Inst, Alliance Global Sustainabil, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, China Civil Engn Soc, Intelligent Sensing Innovat Structure, Int Assoc Struct Control, Japan Concrete Inst, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Infrastruct Maintenance Engn AB A recently implemented advanced seismic monitoring system for a 24-story building facilitates recording of accelerations and computing displacements and drift ratios in near real-time to measure the earthquake performance of the building. The drift ratio is related to the damage condition of the specific building. This system meets the owner's needs for rapid quantitative input to assessments and decisions on post-earthquake occupancy. The system is now successfully working and, in absence of strong shaking to date, is producing low-amplitude data in real-time for routine analyses and assessment. Studies of such data indicate that the configured monitoring system with its building specific software can be a useful tool in rapid assessment of buildings and other structures following an earthquake. Such systems can be used as a health monitoring tool, as a method to assess performance based design and analyses procedures, long-term assessment of structural characteristics of a building, and as a possible long-term damage detection tool. C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Celebi, M (reprint author), USGS, MS977, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-647-5 PY 2003 BP 1011 EP 1016 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science; Remote Sensing GA BY34U UT WOS:000188997500131 ER PT B AU Olsen, GH Miller, KJ Docherty, D Sileo, L AF Olsen, GH Miller, KJ Docherty, D Sileo, L BE Bergman, E TI West Nile Virus vaccination and challenge in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) SO TAKE FLIGHT IN PITTSBURGH, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Conference and Expo of the Association-of-Avian-Veterinarians CY AUG 26-28, 2003 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Assoc Avian Vet C1 USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. RP Olsen, GH (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI ORLANDO PA PO BOX 18372, ORLANDO, FL 32861 USA PY 2003 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BX50T UT WOS:000185524000026 ER PT S AU Jones, BK Risty, RR Buswell, M AF Jones, BK Risty, RR Buswell, M BE Hamilton, MK Boles, VC TI Web-based data delivery services in. support of disaster-relief applications SO TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND ARCHITECTURES FOR TRANSNATIONAL DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies, Systems, and Architectures for Transnational Defense II CY APR 23, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center responds to emergencies in support of various government agencies for human-induced and natural disasters. This response consists of satellite tasking and acquisitions, satellite image registrations, disaster-extent maps analysis and creation, base image provision and support, Web-based mapping services for product delivery, and predisaster and postdisaster data archiving. The emergency response staff are on call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and have access to many commercial and government satellite and aerial photography tasking authorities. They have access to value-added data processing and photographic laboratory services for off-hour emergency requests. They work with various Federal agencies for preparedness planning, which includes providing base imagery. These data may include digital elevation models, hydrographic models, base satellite images, vector data layers such as roads, aerial photographs, and other predisaster data. These layers are incorporated into a Web-based browser and data delivery service that is accessible either to the general public or to select customers. As usage declines, the data are moved to a postdisaster nearline archive that is still accessible, but not in real time. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Jones, BK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4931-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5072 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.487237 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BX58A UT WOS:000185756300008 ER PT J AU Meador, MR McIntyre, JP Pollock, KH AF Meador, MR McIntyre, JP Pollock, KH TI Assessing the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing to characterize fish community structure SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-SIZE; ABUNDANCE AB Two-pass backpack electrofishing data collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program were analyzed to assess the efficacy of single-pass backpack electrofishing. A two-capture removal model was used to estimate, within 10 river basins across the United States, proportional fish species richness from one-pass electrofishing and probabilities of detection for individual fish species. Mean estimated species richness from first-pass sampling ((p) over cap (s1)) ranged from 80.7% to 100% of estimated total species richness for each river basin, based on at least seven samples per basin. However, (p) over cap (s1) values for individual sites ranged from 40% to 100% of estimated total species richness. Additional species unique to the second pass were collected in 50.3% of the samples. Of these, cyprinids and centrarchids were collected most frequently. Proportional fish species richness estimated for the first pass increased significantly with decreasing stream width for 1 of the 10 river basins. When used to calculate probabilities of detection of individual fish species, the removal model failed 48% of the time because the number of individuals of a species was greater in the second pass than in the first pass. Single-pass backpack electrofishing data alone may make it difficult to determine whether characterized fish community structure data are real or spurious. The two-pass removal model can be used to assess the effectiveness of sampling species richness with a single electrofishing pass. However, the two-pass removal model may have limited utility to determine probabilities of detection of individual species and, thus, limit the ability to assess the effectiveness of single-pass sampling to characterize species relative abundances. Multiple-pass (at least three passes) backpack electrofishing at a large number of sites may not be cost-effective as part of a standardized sampling protocol for large-geographic-scale studies. However, multiple-pass electrolishing at some sites may be necessary to better evaluate the adequacy of single-pass electrofishing and to help make meaningful interpretations of fish community structure. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 413, Reston, VA USA. NR 27 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0039:ATEOSP>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000004 ER PT J AU Thompson, WL AF Thompson, WL TI Hankin and Reeves' approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams: Limitations and alternatives SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; AERIAL SURVEYS; POPULATIONS; BIAS AB Hankin and Reeves' (1988) approach to estimating fish abundance in small streams has been applied in stream fish studies across North America. However, their population estimator relies on two key assumptions: (1) removal estimates are equal to the true numbers of fish, and (2) removal estimates are highly correlated with snorkel counts within a subset of sampled stream units. Violations of these assumptions may produce suspect results. To determine possible sources of the assumption violations, I used data on the abundance of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from Hankin and Reeves' (1988) in a simulation composed of 50,000 repeated, stratified systematic random samples from a spatially clustered distribution. The simulation was used to. investigate effects of a range of removal estimates, from 75% to 100% of true fish abundance, on overall stream fish population estimates. The effects of various categories of removal-estimates-to-snorkel-count correlation levels (r = 0.75-1.0) on fish population estimates were also explored. Simulation results indicated that Hankin and Reeves' approach may produce poor results unless removal estimates exceed at least 85% of the true number of fish within sampled units and unless correlations, between removal estimates and snorkel counts are at least 0.90. A potential modification to Hankin and Reeves' approach is the inclusion of environmental covariates that affect detection rates of fish into the removal model or other mark-recapture model. A potential alternative approach is to use snorkeling combined with line transect sampling to estimate fish densities within stream units. As with any method of population estimation, a pilot study should be conducted to evaluate its usefulness, which requires a known (or nearly so) population of fish to serve as a benchmark for evaluating bias and precision of estimators. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Sci Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM thompson@uark.edu RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0069:HARATE>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000007 ER PT J AU Weyers, RS Jennings, CA Freeman, MC AF Weyers, RS Jennings, CA Freeman, MC TI Effects of pulsed, high-velocity water flow on larval robust redhorse and V-lip redhorse SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORONE-SAXATILIS; STRIPED BASS; FISH; RIVER; STREAM; INFLATION; REFUGIA; CONSERVATION; SWIMBLADDER AB The pulsed, high-velocity water flow characteristic of water-flow patterns downstream from hydropower-generating dams has been implicated in the declining abundance of both aquatic insects and fishes in dam-regulated rivers. This study examined the effects of 0, 4, and 12 h per day of pulsed, high-velocity water flow on the egg mortality, hatch length, final length, and survival of larval robust redhorse Moxostoma robustum, a presumedly extinct species that was rediscovered in the 1990s, and V-lip redhorse M. collapsum (previously synonomized with the silver redhorse M. anisurum) over a 3-5 week period in three separate experiments. Twelve 38.0-L aquaria (four per treatment) were modified to simulate pulsed, high-velocity water flow (>35 cm/s) and stable, low-velocity water flow (<10 cm/s). Temperature, dissolved oxygen, zooplankton density, and water quality variables were kept the same across treatments. Fertilized eggs were placed in gravel nests in each aquarium. Hatch success was estimated visually at greater than 90%, and the mean larval length at 24 h posthatch was similar in each experiment. After emergence from the gravel nest, larvae exposed to 4 and 12 h of pulsed, high-velocity water flow grew significantly more slowly and had lower survival than those in the 0-h treatment. These results demonstrate that the altered water-flow patterns that typically occur when water is released during hydropower generation can have negative effects on the growth and survival of larval catostomid suckers. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0084:EOPHVW>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000009 ER PT J AU Quinn, JW Kwak, TJ AF Quinn, JW Kwak, TJ TI Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: A long-term perspective SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLOW; RECOVERY; STREAMS AB We conducted an intensive fish survey in the tailwater reach of a large Ozark river 30 years after its impoundment and compared the recent fish assemblage with those prior to impoundment and shortly (4 years) after impoundment. Our primary objective was to assess whether relatively short-term monitoring following dam construction can adequately quantify the long-term effects of impoundment on downstream riverine fishes. The preimpoundment survey (1962-1963) described a fish assemblage composed of warmwater fish species, predominantly Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae, and Percidae. Yoke darter Etheostoma juliae (34%), central stoneroller Compostoma anomalum (24%), and Ozark madtom Noturus albater (7%) were the most abundant species. The postimpoundment surveys of 1965-1966 and 1968 documented immediate changes in the fish assemblage. No Ozark madtoms and only four yoke darters were collected shortly after impoundment. Central stonerollers accounted for 45-50% of the fish collected, and both short-term postimpoundment surveys collected five species of darters (Percidae) that accounted for 41-42% of the fish collected. Thirty years after impoundment, we found that the tailwater fish assemblage was composed almost entirely of coldwater species. Ozark sculpin Cottus hypselurus and four species of introduced trout (Salmonidae) accounted for 98% of the fish assemblage by number during the 1995-1997 surveys. The rank abundance of species was negatively correlated between our survey and the preimpoundment survey but not between our survey and the short-term postimpoundment surveys. Many species that we collected (54%) are habitat generalists, and we did not collect 77% of the fluvial-specialist species that were present in historical collections. All postimpoundment surveys documented dramatically reduced species richness and diversity. We conclude that short-term monitoring following impoundment is inadequate to determine the impact of dams on lotic fish assemblages and suggest long-term postimpoundment monitoring to determine when a fish assemblage has stabilized. C1 Univ Arkansas, US Geol Survey, Arkansas Cooperat FIsh & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Sci Biol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Kwak, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 NR 37 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0110:FACIAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000012 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, C Ostberg, CO Clifton, DR Rodriguez, RJ AF Rasmussen, C Ostberg, CO Clifton, DR Rodriguez, RJ TI Identification of a genetic marker that discriminates ocean-type and stream-type chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HISTORY; ALIGNMENT; PATTERNS; SNAKE AB A marker based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), OT-38, was discovered that nonlethally discriminates between stream-type and ocean-type populations of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Columbia River basin, including the threatened fall-run (ocean-type) and spring-run (stream-type) Snake River populations. This marker was developed by amplifying chinook salmon genomic DNA with a single RAPD primer, sequencing the termini of the polymorphic products, and designing primer pairs for allele-specific amplification. It was used to assay 18-80 individuals from several wild and hatchery populations differing in year-class, freshwater life history, and location along the Columbia River. OT-38 unambiguously distinguished ocean-type from stream-type populations in 93.1% of the chinook salmon sampled. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Zymogenet Inc, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 132 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0131:IOAGMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 634VJ UT WOS:000180362000014 ER PT S AU Williams, SA AF Williams, SA BE Rahm, J TI The national wildlife refuge system: A century of conservation - Celebrating a century of conservation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200004 ER PT S AU West, RL Rundle, D Takekawa, J Holle, DG Kallin, S AF West, RL Rundle, D Takekawa, J Holle, DG Kallin, S BE Rahm, J TI The National Wildlife Refuge System: The next 100 years SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Soldotna, AK USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 80 EP 92 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200010 ER PT S AU Witmer, G Brennan, M Dees, D Hoffmann, B Pusateri, F Richardson, C Seery, D AF Witmer, G Brennan, M Dees, D Hoffmann, B Pusateri, F Richardson, C Seery, D BE Rahm, J TI Black-tailed prairie dog management in urban-suburban settings: Opportunities and challenges SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 2003 BP 209 EP 221 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200022 ER PT S AU Johnson, RR Baxter, CK Mott, S AF Johnson, RR Baxter, CK Mott, S BE Rahm, J TI A new paradigm for bird conservation: The role of applied science in conserving the full spectrum of North American birds through regional partnerships SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Bird Habitat Conservat Habitat & Populat Eval, Fergus Falls, MN USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 289 EP 303 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200030 ER PT S AU Williams, BK AF Williams, BK BE Rahm, J TI A research agenda for bird conservation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc ID MANAGEMENT C1 US Geol Survey, Coop Res Units, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 304 EP 311 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200031 ER PT S AU Williams, SA Schmidt, P AF Williams, SA Schmidt, P BE Rahm, J TI Meeting the challenge: The role of the US Fish and Wildlife Service for bird conservation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference CY MAR 26-29, 2003 CL Winston Salem, NC SP Natl Shooting Sports Fdn, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US Bureau Reclamat, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, US Bureau Land Management, US Corperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, US Forest Serv, Congressional Sportsmens Fdn, Conservat Fund, Defenders Catridge Co, Izaak Walton League Amer, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer Sierra Club, Soc Range Management, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 2003 BP 335 EP 344 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Studies SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BAD76 UT WOS:000221707200034 ER PT J AU Porcelli, D Swarzenski, PW AF Porcelli, D Swarzenski, PW TI The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in groundwater SO URANIUM-SERIES GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ALPHA-RECOIL DAMAGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; URANIUM ISOTOPIC DISEQUILIBRIUM; SITU DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; GORLEBEN AQUIFER SYSTEMS; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; RADIUM ISOTOPES; NATURAL ANALOG; COASTAL WATERS; RADIOACTIVE DISEQUILIBRIUM C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. US Geol Survey, Coastal Marine Geol Program, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Porcelli, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. NR 156 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 38 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2003 VL 52 BP 317 EP 361 DI 10.2113/0520317 PG 45 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BX40C UT WOS:000185149600008 ER PT J AU Swarzenski, PW Porcelli, D Andersson, PS Smoak, JM AF Swarzenski, PW Porcelli, D Andersson, PS Smoak, JM TI The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in the estuarine environment SO URANIUM-SERIES GEOCHEMISTRY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION; SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PERMANENTLY ANOXIC FJORD; SURFACE SEA-WATER; LONG-ISLAND SOUND; NEW-YORK BIGHT; URANIUM ISOTOPES; COASTAL WATERS C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Lab Isotope Geol, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ S Florida, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Swarzenski, PW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Smoak, Donny/E-2140-2012 NR 175 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW, SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-5274 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2003 VL 52 BP 577 EP 606 DI 10.2113/0520577 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BX40C UT WOS:000185149600014 ER PT S AU Lemeshewsky, GP AF Lemeshewsky, GP BE Rahman, ZU Schowengerdt, RA Reichenbach, SE TI Landsat multispectral sharpening using a sensor system model and panchromatic image SO VISUAL INFORMATION PROCESSING XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visual Information Processing XII CY APR 21, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Landsat; image sharpening; multispectral; sensor model ID RESTORATION ALGORITHMS; MULTIRESOLUTION AB The thematic mapper (TM) sensor aboard Landsats 4, 5 and enhanced TM plus (ETM+) on Landsat 7 collect imagery at 30-m sample distance in six spectral bands. New with ETM+ is a 15-m panchromatic (P) band. With image sharpening techniques, this higher resolution P data, or as an alternative, the 10-m (or 5-m) P data of the SPOT satellite, can increase the spatial resolution of the multispectral (MS) data. Sharpening requires that the lower resolution MS image be coregistered and resampled to the P data before high spatial frequency information is transferred to the MS data. For visual interpretation and machine classification tasks, it is important that the sharpened data preserve the spectral characteristics of the original low resolution data. A technique was developed for sharpening (in this case, 3:1 spatial resolution enhancement) visible spectral band data, based on a model of the sensor system point spread function (PSF) in order to maintain spectral fidelity. It combines high-pass (HP) filter sharpening methods with iterative image restoration to reduce degradations caused by sensor-system-induced blurring and resembling. Also there is a spectral fidelity requirement: sharpened MS when filtered by the modeled degradations should reproduce the low resolution source MS. Quantitative evaluation of sharpening performance was made by using simulated low resolution data generated from digital color-IR aerial photography. In comparison to the BP-filter-based sharpening method, results for the technique in this paper with simulated data show improved spectral fidelity. Preliminary results with TM 30-m visible band data sharpened with simulated 10-m panchromatic data are promising but require further study. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Lemeshewsky, GP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4968-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2003 VL 5108 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.487262 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BX48N UT WOS:000185396200030 ER PT S AU Gerlach, TM AF Gerlach, TM BE Oppenheimer, C Pyle, DM Barclay, J TI Elevation effects in volcano applications of the COSPEC SO VOLCANIC DEGASSING SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Flagship Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-London on Origins, Emissions and Impacts of Volcanic Gases CY OCT, 2001 CL Geol Soc London, London, ENGLAND HO Geol Soc London ID ST-HELENS; DIOXIDE; PLUMES AB Volcano applications commonly involve sizeable departures from the reference pressure and temperature of COSPEC calibration cells. Analysis shows that COSPEC SO(2) column abundances and derived mass emission rates are independent of pressure and temperature, and thus unaffected by elevation effects related to deviations from calibration cell reference state. However, path-length concentrations are pressure and temperature dependent. Since COSPEC path-length concentration data assume the reference pressure and temperature of calibration cells, they can lead to large errors when used to calculate SO(2) mixing ratios of volcanic plumes. Correction factors for COSPEC path-length concentrations become significant (c.10'%) at elevations of about 1 km (e.g. Kilauea volcano) and rise rapidly to c.80% at 6 km (e.g. Cotopaxi volcano). Calculating SO(2) mixing ratios for volcanic plumes directly from COSPEC path-length concentrations always gives low results. Corrections can substantially increase mixing ratios; for example, corrections increase SO(2) ppm concentrations reported for the Mount St Helens, Colima, and Erebus plumes by 25-50%. Several arguments suggest it would be advantageous to calibrate COSPEC measurements in column abundance units rather than path-length concentration units. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Gerlach, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM tgerlach@usgs.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 1-86239-136-X J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL PY 2003 VL 213 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.213.01.10 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA BY57L UT WOS:000189411900009 ER PT B AU Reichard, EG Raucher, RS AF Reichard, EG Raucher, RS BE Lawford, RG Fort, DD Hartmann, HC Eden, S TI Economics of conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water SO Water: Science, Policy, and Management - Challenges and Opportunities SE WATER RESOURCES MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Geophys Union ID MANAGEMENT; SUPPLIES; RECHARGE; SIMULATION; MODEL C1 US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-320-7 J9 WATER RES M PY 2003 VL 16 BP 161 EP 176 PG 16 WC Environmental Studies; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BBW72 UT WOS:000228160600008 ER PT J AU Falck, MJ Wilson, KR Andersen, DC AF Falck, MJ Wilson, KR Andersen, DC TI Small mammals within riparian habitats of a regulated and unregulated aridland river SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE small mammals; riparian; river regulation; Peromyscus maniculatus; Dipodomys ordii; Microtus montanus; Green River; Yampa River ID GREEN RIVER; VEGETATION; FLOODPLAIN; COMMUNITIES; ARIZONA; USA AB In northwestern Colorado, flow regulation on the Green River has created a transitional plant community that features encroachment by upland vegetation into cottonwood (Populus fremontii)-dominated, riparian forest on topographically high floodplain sites and reduced cottonwood regeneration on low floodplain sites. To assess how these changes might have affected small mammal distributions, in 1994 and 1995 we live-trapped during periods surrounding spring flooding at 3 sites: above and below the confluence of the regulated Green River and at the ecologically similar, but unregulated, Yampa River (reference site). More species were captured at the most regulated site along the Green River above its confluence, with the Yampa River. Within sites, more species were captured in riparian habitats than adjacent upland habitats. Despite river regulation-induced habitat changes, we did not detect changes in species distributions within low and high floodplain habitat for Peromyscus maniculatus or Microtus montanus, but changes may have occurred for Dipodomys ordii. The total effect of regulation-induced habitat change on small mammal populations may not be fully revealed until current, mature cottonwood forests disappear and associated woody debris decomposes. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, USBR, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wilson, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642CN UT WOS:000180786900004 ER PT J AU Mattson, DJ AF Mattson, DJ TI Foot loadings and pad and track widths of Yellowstone grizzly bears SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE grizzly bears; Ursus arctos; pad width; track; age-class; gender; feeding activity ID POPULATION AB I used measurements of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) from the Yellowstone region, USA, to investigate relationships between widths of foot pads and widths of tracks, foot loading and pad size, incidence of tracks and type of activity and widths of front-foot pads and gender and age-class. Track width was affected by substrates and increased relative to pad width as sizes of both pads and tracks increased. Foot loading (kg . cm(-2)) did not vary substantially with foot size and so did not explain the proportionately larger tracks of larger animals. Tracks were most commonly associated with feeding activity that entailed excavation of fossorial foods (roots and rodents); they were least common when bears were feeding in the forest, feeding on ungulates, or traveling. Adult males and females could be differentiated by the width of their front-foot pads. Virtually all pads > 14.5 cm wide belonged to adult or large subadult males. The pads of subadult females were most commonly < 12.5 cm wide, whereas those of adult females were most commonly 12.5-14.5 cm wide. C1 No Arizona Univ, USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Mattson, DJ (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Colorado Plateau Field Stn, Box 5614, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642CN UT WOS:000180786900009 ER PT J AU Hansen, LA Mathews, NE Hansen, RW Vander Lee, BA Lutz, RS AF Hansen, LA Mathews, NE Hansen, RW Vander Lee, BA Lutz, RS TI Genetic structure in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) on the Southern High Plains of Texas SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE DNA fingerprinting; genetic structure; Mephitis mephitis; population genetics; striped skunks ID DNA FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS; POPULATION; MICROSATELLITE; POLYMORPHISM; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; RANGE; LOCI AB Genetic variation within populations reflects population-level social and demographic processes and influences how a population behaves as an evolutionary unit. We examined partitioning of genetic variation in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the Southern High Plains of Texas during 1994-1995. Sixty-nine male and 35 female skunks were sampled on four 12.8-km(2) study plots. Plot centers ranged from 17.6 to 61.6 km apart. We used multi-locus DNA fingerprinting with 2 probes, pV47 and CTTxAGG, to test 3 hypotheses: (1) females are more genetically similar to other females than males are to other males on the same plot (indicating greater female philopatry than male philopatry), (2) genetic similarity is greater within plots than among plots (indicating partitioning of genetic variation in space), and (3) genetic similarity of males decreases as the distance separating males increases (indicating geographic distance affects rates of gene flow). In general, males on a plot had lower average genetic similarity than females. Genetic similarity within plots was not different from genetic similarity among plots for males or for females. Genetic similarity of males did not decrease with increasing distance among plots. The lack of geographical genetic structure in striped skunks suggests at the scale of this study (<60 km) that gene flow of biparentally inherited genes is not distance-mediated. However, the higher similarity values for females than for males on the same plot supports an effect of male-biased dispersal and female philopatry on partitioning of genetic variation between sexes. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range & Wildlife Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. US Geol Survey, Texas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Lubbock, TX 79404 USA. New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. RP Hansen, LA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,MS M887, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642CN UT WOS:000180786900010 ER PT J AU Dunbar, MR AF Dunbar, MR TI Evaluation of serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal pronghorn in Oregon SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE antelope; Antilocapra americana; failure of passive transfer; gamma globulin; immunoglobulins; nutrition; pronghorn ID CALVES; MORTALITY; DISEASE C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Biol Invest Unit, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. RP Dunbar, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Biol Invest Unit, Sheldon Mt Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,Box 111, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JAN PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 133 EP 135 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 642CN UT WOS:000180786900019 ER PT J AU Deutsch, CJ Reid, JP Bonde, RK Easton, DE Kochman, HI O'Shea, TJ AF Deutsch, CJ Reid, JP Bonde, RK Easton, DE Kochman, HI O'Shea, TJ TI Seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of West Indian manatees along the Atlantic Coast of the United States SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review ID SUBMERSED AQUATIC VEGETATION; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS; FLORIDA MANATEE; HABITAT USE; HOME-RANGE; SHARK BAY; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BREVARD COUNTY AB The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is endangered by human activities throughout its range, including the U.S. Atlantic coast where habitat degradation from coastal development and manatee deaths from watercraft collisions have been particularly severe. We radio-tagged and tracked 78 manatees along the east coast of Florida and Georgia over a 12-year period (1986-1998). Our goals were to characterize the seasonal movements, migratory behavior, and site fidelity of manatees in this region in order to provide information for the development of effective conservation strategies. Most study animals were tracked remotely with the Argos satellite system, which yielded a mean (SD) of 3.7 (1.6) locations per day; all were regularly tracked in the field using conventional radiotelemetry methods. The combined data collection effort yielded >93,000 locations over nearly 32,000 tag-days. The median duration of tracking was 8.3 months per individual, but numerous manatees were tracked over multiple years (max = 6.8 years). Most manatees migrated seasonally over large distances between a northerly warm-season range and a southerly winter range (median one-way distance = 280 km, max = 830 km), but 12% of individuals were resident in a relatively small area (<50 km) year-round. The movements of one adult male spanned >2,300 km of coastline between southeastern Florida and Rhode Island. No study animals journeyed to the Gulf coast of Florida. Regions heavily utilized by tagged manatees included: Fernandina Beach, FL to Brunswick, GA in the warm season; northern Biscayne Bay to Port Everglades, FL in the winter; and central coastal Florida, especially the Banana River and northern Indian River lagoons, in all seasons. Daily travel rate, defined as the distance between successive mean daily locations, averaged 2.5 km (SD = 1.7), but this varied with season, migratory pattern, and sex. Adult mates traveled a significantly greater distance per day than did adult females for most of the warm season, which corresponded closely with the principal period of breeding activity, but there was no difference between the sexes in daily travel rate during the winter. The timing of seasonal migrations differed markedly between geographic regions. Most long-distance movements in the southern half of the study area occurred between November and March in response to changing temperatures, whereas most migrations in the northern region took place during the warmer, non-winter months. Manatees left their warm-season range in central Florida in response to cold fronts that dropped water temperatures by an average of 2.0degreesC over the 24-hr period preceding departure. Water temperature at departure from the warm-season range averaged 19degreesC, but varied among individuals (16-22degreesC) and was not related to body size or female reproductive status. The presence of industrial warm-water effluents permitted many manatees to overwinter north of their historic winter range, and for some migrants this delayed autumn migrations and facilitated earlier spring migrations. Southward autumn and northward spring migrations lasted an average of 10 and 15 days at mean rates of 33.5 (SD = 7.6) and 27.3 (SD = 10.5) km/day, respectively. The highest rate of travel during migration was 87 km/day (3.6 km/hr) during winter. Manatees overwintering in southeastern Florida often traveled north during mild weather-sometimes reaching their warm-season range-only to return south again with the next major cold front. Manatees were consistent in their seasonal movement patterns across years and showed strong fidelity to warm-season and winter ranges. Within a season, individuals usually occupied only 1 or 2 core use areas that encompassed about 90% of daily locations. Most manatees returned faithfully to the same seasonal ranges year after year (median distance between range centers was <5 km between years). Seasonal movements of 4 immature manatees tracked as calves with their mothers and then as independent subadults after weaning provided evidence for strong natal philopatry to specific warm-season and winter ranges, as well as to migratory patterns. Seasonal movement patterns of manatees along the Atlantic coast were largely driven by seasonal changes in temperature, but seasonal and spatial variation in the abundance and quality of forage was probably also important. Individuals generally occupied a few, relatively small seasonal ranges that were linked by lengthy travel corridors used briefly during migrations. The existence of traditional migrations and of strong philopatry to specific areas have a number of implications for management, including the design of protected area networks for manatees. Despite these conservative behavioral traits, individual manatees showed variability in other movement parameters, including the timing of migrations and duration spent in different regions within a winter. This behavioral flexibility has permitted Florida manatees to exploit some human habitat alterations to their advantage; for example, by using industrial thermal outfalls to extend their stay in northerly regions. Recovery of this endangered species will depend on our ability to reduce human-caused mortality, to protect essential habitats, and to keep the pace of habitat alteration within the time frame of the manatee's capacity to adapt. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Deutsch, CJ (reprint author), Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM Chip.Deutsch@fwc.state.fl.us RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; OI Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132; Bonde, Robert/0000-0001-9179-4376 NR 192 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 9 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JAN PY 2003 IS 151 BP 1 EP 77 PG 77 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 651VV UT WOS:000181343600001 ER PT J AU Branvold, HA Biggins, DE Wimsatt, JH AF Branvold, HA Biggins, DE Wimsatt, JH TI Photoperiod manipulation to increase the productivity of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and Siberian polecats (M-eversmanii) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endangered species; mustelid; reproduction ID CYCLE; PREY AB The endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) reproduces naturally in the spring. The Black-Footed Ferret Recovery Program would benefit from increased productivity in the captive population by manipulating photoperiod and temperature to create three artificial cycles in 1(1)/(2) years. In the present study the photoperiod was set at 8 hr light: 16 hr dark for 1-2 months, then switched to 16 hr light:8 hr dark for 4-5 months. The males' light was-switched 1 month before the females' light. Three cycles were performed in 2 years. During the first cycle, 0% of the males bred, 17% of the females came into estrus and were bred through artificial insemination, and 0% of the females whelped. In the second cycle, 100% of the females came into estrus and were bred naturally, and 77% whelped. In the third cycle, all males showed testicular recrudescence but none bred; all females showed signs of estrus, 40% were bred using artificial insemination, and 0% whelped. Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanii), the black-footed ferrets' closest living relative, also were put on an artificial photoperiod, coinciding with the black-footed ferrets' third cycle. All female polecats came into estrus and were bred naturally, and 33% whelped. All males showed testicular recrudescence, and 22% produced sperm and bred. The low rate of success in breeding and whelping suggests that multiple cues may be needed to induce estrus in ferrets and polecats. Zoo Biol 22:1-14, 2003. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Branvold, HA (reprint author), 1127 W Mulberry 1, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1002/zoo.10066 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 646NB UT WOS:000181040200001 ER PT J AU Van Wagoner, TM Crosson, RS Creager, KC Medema, G Preston, L Symons, NP Brocher, TM AF Van Wagoner, TM Crosson, RS Creager, KC Medema, G Preston, L Symons, NP Brocher, TM TI Crustal structure and relocated earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, Washington, from high-resolution seismic tomography SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE tomography; structure; Puget; earthquakes ID SOUTHERN VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CASCADIA FORE-ARC; WESTERN WASHINGTON; SEATTLE FAULT; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SUBDUCTION COMPLEX; SOUND; STATE; ZONE; EVOLUTION AB The availability of regional earthquake data from the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN), together with active source data from the Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) seismic experiments, has allowed us to construct a new high-resolution 3-D, P wave velocity model of the crust to a depth of about 30 km in the central Puget Lowland. In our method, earthquake hypocenters and velocity model are jointly coupled in a fully nonlinear tomographic inversion. Active source data constrain the upper 10-15 km of the model, and earthquakes constrain the deepest portion of the model. A number of sedimentary basins are imaged, including the previously unrecognized Muckleshoot basin, and the previously incompletely defined Possession and Sequim basins. Various features of the shallow crust are imaged in detail and their structural transitions to the mid and lower crust are revealed. These include the Tacoma basin and fault zone, the Seattle basin and fault zone, the Seattle and Port Ludlow velocity highs, the Port Townsend basin, the Kingston Arch, and the Crescent basement, which is arched beneath the Lowland from its surface exposure in the eastern Olympics. Strong lateral velocity gradients, consistent with the existence of previously inferred faults, are observed, bounding the southern Port Townsend basin, the western edge of the Seattle basin beneath Dabob Bay, and portions of the Port Ludlow velocity high and the Tacoma basin. Significant velocity gradients are not observed across the southern Whidbey Island fault, the Lofall fault, or along most of the inferred location of the Hood Canal fault. Using improved earthquake locations resulting from our inversion, we determined focal mechanisms for a number of the best recorded earthquakes in the data set, revealing a complex pattern of deformation dominated by general arc-parallel regional tectonic compression. Most earthquakes occur in the basement rocks inferred to be the lower Tertiary Crescent formation. The sedimentary basins and the eastern part of the Olympic subduction complex are largely devoid of earthquakes. Clear association of hypocenters and focal mechanisms with previously mapped or proposed faults is difficult; however, seismicity, structure, and focal mechanisms associated with the Seattle fault zone suggest a possible high-angle mode of deformation with the north side up. We suggest that this deformation may be driven by isostatic readjustment of the Seattle basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP ChevronTexaco N Amer Upstream, 935 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM thmv@chevrontexaco.com; crosson@u.washington.edu NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 31 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2381 DI 10.1029/2001JB000710 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649VM UT WOS:000181228700002 ER PT J AU Selkowitz, DJ Fagre, DB Reardon, BA AF Selkowitz, DJ Fagre, DB Reardon, BA TI Interannual variations in snowpack in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) CY JUN 05-07, 2002 CL STOWE, VERMONT DE Crown of the Continent Ecosystem; northern Rocky Mountains; Glacier National Park; snowpack; SNOTEL; Pcific decadal oscillation; glaciers; alpine treeline ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS AB Ecosystem changes such as glacier recession and alpine treeline advance have been documented over the previous 150 years in the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana and southern British Columbia and Alberta, a region known as the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE). Such changes are controlled, at least partially, by variations in snowpack. The CCE consists primarily of public lands, the majority of which is undeveloped or wilderness. Consequently, this region is well suited for an examination of long-term snowpack variation and associated ecosystem change. Data from nine SNOTEL sites provide an indication of the daily accumulation and ablation of snowpack over the period 1977-2001, as well as the relationship between precipitation, temperature and snowpack. 1 April data from 21 snow courses indicated the extent of regional snowpack variation and trends over the period 1950-2001, and 1 May data from three snow courses in Glacier National Park allow this record to be extended back to 1922. SNOTEL data suggest CCE snowpacks are larger and more persistent than in most regions of the western USA, and that water year precipitation is the primary control on 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE). Snow course data indicate that variations in both 1 April and 1 May mean SWE are closely tied to the Pacific decadal oscillation, an El Nino-southern oscillation-like interdecadal pattern of Pacific Ocean climate variability. Despite relatively stable snowpacks and summer temperatures since 1922, the glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded steadily during this period, implying a significant climatic shift between their Little Ice Age glacial maxima (ca 1860) and 1922. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Selkowitz, DJ (reprint author), USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 30 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 3651 EP 3665 DI 10.1002/hyp.1234 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 630EK UT WOS:000180094400009 ER PT J AU Waite, WF deMartin, BJ Kirby, SH Pinkston, J Ruppel, CD AF Waite, WF deMartin, BJ Kirby, SH Pinkston, J Ruppel, CD TI Thermal conductivity measurements in porous mixtures of methane hydrate and quartz sand SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS HYDRATE; STABILITY; CARBONATES; SEDIMENTS; FIELD; ZONE; BASE; ICE AB [1] Using von Herzen and Maxwell's needle probe method, we measured thermal conductivity in four porous mixtures of quartz sand and methane gas hydrate, with hydrate composing 0, 33, 67 and 100% of the solid volume. Thermal conductivities were measured at a constant methane pore pressure of 24.8 MPa between -20 and +15degreesC, and at a constant temperature of -10degreesC between 3.5 and 27.6 MPa methane pore pressure. Thermal conductivity decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing methane pore pressure. Both dependencies weakened with increasing hydrate content. Despite the high thermal conductivity of quartz relative to methane hydrate, the largest thermal conductivity was measured in the mixture containing 33% hydrate rather than in hydrate-free sand. This suggests gas hydrate enhanced grain-to-grain heat transfer, perhaps due to intergranular contact growth during hydrate synthesis. These results for gas-filled porous mixtures can help constrain thermal conductivity estimates in porous, gas hydrate-bearing systems. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109; Ruppel, Carolyn/0000-0003-2284-6632 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 24 AR 2229 DI 10.1029/2002GL015988 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649WT UT WOS:000181231500011 ER PT J AU Dzurisin, D Poland, MP Burgmann, R AF Dzurisin, D Poland, MP Burgmann, R TI Steady subsidence of Medicine Lake volcano, northern California, revealed by repeated leveling surveys SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Medicine Lake volcano; crustal subsidence; leveling surveys; gravitational loading; ground deformation; Cascade Range ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; 1989 LOMA-PRIETA; RANGE PROVINCE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; CASCADE RANGE; SPACE GEODESY; BASIN; MOTION; CONSTRAINTS; EARTHQUAKE AB Leveling surveys of a 193-km circuit across Medicine Lake volcano (MLV) in 1954 and 1989 show that the summit area subsided by as much as 302+/-30 mm (-8.6+/-0.9 mm/yr) with respect to a datum point near Bartle, California, 40 km to the southwest. This result corrects an error in the earlier analysis of the same data by Dzurisin et al. [1991], who reported the subsidence rate as -11.1+/-1.2 mm/yr. The subsidence pattern extends across the entire volcano, with a surface area of nearly 2000 km(2). Two areas of localized subsidence by as much as 20 cm can be attributed to shallow normal faulting near the volcano's periphery. Surveys of an east-west traverse across Lava Beds National Monument on the north flank of the volcano in 1990 and of a 23-km traverse across the summit area in 1999 show that subsidence continued at essentially the same rate during 1989-1999 as 1954-1989. Volcano-wide subsidence can be explained by either a point source of volume loss (Mogi) or a contracting horizontal rectangular dislocation (sill) at a depth of 10-11 km. Volume loss rate estimates range from 0.0013 to 0.0032 km(3)/yr, depending mostly on the source depth estimate and source type. Based on first-order quantitative considerations, we can rule out that the observed subsidence is due to volume loss from magma withdrawal, thermal contraction, or crystallizing magma at depth. Instead, we attribute the subsidence and faulting to: (1) gravitational loading of thermally weakened crust by the mass of the volcano and associated intrusive rocks, and (2) thinning of locally weakened crust by Basin and Range deformation. The measured subsidence rate exceeds long-term estimates from drill hole data, suggesting that over long timescales, steady subsidence and episodic uplift caused by magmatic intrusions counteract each other to produce the lower net subsidence rate. C1 US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dzurisin, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM dzurisin@usgs.gov; mpoland@usgs.gov; burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2372 DI 10.1029/2001JB000893 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649VC UT WOS:000181227800002 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Stewart, AE Niswonger, R Sarma, L AF Constantz, J Stewart, AE Niswonger, R Sarma, L TI Analysis of temperature profiles for investigating stream losses beneath ephemeral channels SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE heat; conduction; advection; streambed; percolation ID 2 SOILS; DURATION; ARROYOS AB [1] Continuous estimates of streamflow are challenging in ephemeral channels. The extremely transient nature of ephemeral streamflows results in shifting channel geometry and degradation in the calibration of streamflow stations. Earlier work suggests that analysis of streambed temperature profiles is a promising technique for estimating streamflow patterns in ephemeral channels. The present work provides a detailed examination of the basis for using heat as a tracer of stream/groundwater exchanges, followed by a description of an appropriate heat and water transport simulation code for ephemeral channels, as well as discussion of several types of temperature analysis techniques to determine streambed percolation rates. Temperature-based percolation rates for three ephemeral stream sites are compared with available surface water estimates of channel loss for these sites. These results are combined with published results to develop conclusions regarding the accuracy of using vertical temperature profiles in estimating channel losses. Comparisons of temperature-based streambed percolation rates with surface water-based channel losses indicate that percolation rates represented 30% to 50% of the total channel loss. The difference is reasonable since channel losses include both vertical and nonvertical component of channel loss as well as potential evapotranspiration losses. The most significant advantage of the use of sediment-temperature profiles is their robust and continuous nature, leading to a long-term record of the timing and duration of channel losses and continuous estimates of streambed percolation. The primary disadvantage is that temperature profiles represent the continuous percolation rate at a single point in an ephemeral channel rather than an average seepage loss from the entire channel. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 32 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1316 DI 10.1029/2001WR001221 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650EF UT WOS:000181249200002 ER PT J AU McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM AF McCabe, GJ Wolock, DM TI A step increase in streamflow in the conterminous United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS; PRECIPITATION AB [1] Annual minimum, median, and maximum daily streamflow for 400 sites in the conterminous United States (U. S.), measured during 1941-1999, were examined to identify the temporal and spatial character of changes in streamflow statistics. Results indicate a noticeable increase in annual minimum and median daily streamflow around 1970, and a less significant mixed pattern of increases and decreases in annual maximum daily streamflow. These changes in annual streamflow statistics primarily occurred in the eastern U. S. In addition, the streamflow increases appear as a step change rather than as a gradual trend and coincide with an increase in precipitation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS USA. RP McCabe, GJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 12 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 24 AR 2185 DI 10.1029/2002GL015999 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 649WD UT WOS:000181230200009 ER PT J AU Andrews, DJ AF Andrews, DJ TI A fault constitutive relation accounting for thermal pressurization of pore fluid SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE fluid pressure; thermal pressurization; frictional heating ID PRESSURE; GOUGE; SLIP; COMPACTION; DILATANCY AB The heat generated in a slip zone during an earthquake can raise fluid pressure and thereby reduce frictional resistance to slip. The amount of fluid pressure rise depends on the associated fluid flow. The heat generated at a given time produces fluid pressure that decreases inversely with the square root of hydraulic diffusivity times the elapsed time. If the slip velocity function is crack-like, there is a prompt fluid pressure rise at the onset of slip, followed by a slower increase. The stress drop associated with the prompt fluid pressure rise increases with rupture propagation distance. The threshold propagation distance at which thermally induced stress drop starts to dominate over frictionally induced stress drop is proportional to hydraulic diffusivity. If hydraulic diffusivity is 0.02 m(2)/s, estimated from borehole samples of fault zone material, the threshold propagation distance is 300 m. The stress wave in an earthquake will induce an unknown amount of dilatancy and will increase hydraulic diffusivity, both of which will lessen the fluid pressure effect. Nevertheless, if hydraulic diffusivity is no more than two orders of magnitude larger than the laboratory value, then stress drop is complete in large earthquakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Andrews, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jandrews@usgs.gov NR 27 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 24 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2363 DI 10.1029/2002JB001942 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649UG UT WOS:000181225900002 ER PT J AU Gibson, RM Aspbury, AS McDaniel, LL AF Gibson, RM Aspbury, AS McDaniel, LL TI Active formation of mixed-species grouse leks: a role for predation in lek evolution? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE lek mating; mixed-species groups; Tympanuchus ID FEMALE CHOICE; LARGER LEKS; SAGE GROUSE; LEKKING; MALES; PREFERENCES; SETTLEMENT; BENEFITS; BEHAVIOR; FLOCKING AB Behavioural ecologists have interpreted avian leks as products of sexual selection in which males display socially to increase their opportunities to mate. However, without invoking reproductive queuing or kin selection, this paradigm does not necessarily explain why many males that fail to mate participate in leks. An alternative solution, that males also aggregate to reduce predation, has previously lacked compelling support. We show that mixed-species leks, comprising two congeneric grouse, form when single males or small groups of one species, the greater prairie chicken Tympanuchus cupido, join leks of another, the sharp-tailed grouse T. phasianellus. We documented the process by observing lek dynamics and comparing group sizes between mixed- and single-species leks. joining implies that prairie chickens benefit from displaying with sharp-tailed grouse. The numbers of females of each species attending a lek increased with the number of conspecific, but not heterospecific, males. This suggests that the joining of heterospecifics is unlikely to increase mating opportunities, and leaves lowered predation risk as the most likely benefit of associating with heterospecifics. Active formation of mixed-species leks therefore suggests that predation may be sufficient to drive lek formation. The benefits of participation in mixed leks may be asymmetrical because prairie chickens display more and are less vigilant than sharp-tailed grouse. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Valentine Natl Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, NE 69201 USA. RP Gibson, RM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, 348 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM rgibson2@unl.edu NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2002 VL 269 IS 1509 BP 2503 EP 2507 DI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2187 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 632JX UT WOS:000180221100002 PM 12573063 ER PT J AU Waisanen, PJ Bliss, NB AF Waisanen, PJ Bliss, NB TI Changes in population and agricultural land in conterminous United States counties, 1790 to 1997 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE land-use change; historical cropland; population change; county; conterminous United States ID SOIL CARBON AB We have developed a data set of changes in population and agricultural land for the conterminous United States at the county level, resulting in more spatial detail than in previously available compilations. The purpose was to provide data on the timing of land conversion as an input to dynamic models of the carbon cycle, although a wide variety of applications exist for the physical, biological, and social sciences. The spatial data represent the appropriate county boundaries for each census year between 1790 and 1997, and the census attributes are attached to the appropriate spatial region. The resulting time series and maps show the history of population (1790-1990) and the history of agricultural development (1850-1997). The patterns of agricultural development reflect the influences of climate, soil productivity, increases in population size, variations in the general economy, and technological changes in the energy, transportation, and agricultural sectors. C1 US Geol Survey, SAIC, Eros Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Waisanen, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SAIC, Eros Data Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 79 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 21 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 AR 1137 DI 10.1029/2001GB001843 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 649QJ UT WOS:000181219200001 ER PT J AU Doran, PT McKay, CP Clow, GD Dana, GL Fountain, AG Nylen, T Lyons, WB AF Doran, PT McKay, CP Clow, GD Dana, GL Fountain, AG Nylen, T Lyons, WB TI Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; dry valleys; climate; katabatic wind ID EAST ANTARCTICA; KATABATIC FLOW; ADELIE LAND; MIOCENE; REGION; JUMPS; ICE AB Climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, East Antarctica are presented from a network of seven valley floor automatic meteorological stations during the period 1986 to 2000. Mean annual temperatures ranged from -14.8degreesC to -30.0degreesC, depending on the site and period of measurement. Mean annual relative humidity is generally highest near the coast. Mean annual wind speed increases with proximity to the polar plateau. Site-to-site variation in mean annual solar flux and PAR is due to exposure of each station and changes over time are likely related to changes in cloudiness. During the nonsummer months, strong katabatic winds are frequent at some sites and infrequent at others, creating large variation in mean annual temperature owing to the warming effect of the winds. Katabatic wind exposure appears to be controlled to a large degree by the presence of colder air in the region that collects at low points and keeps the warm less dense katabatic flow from the ground. The strong influence of katabatic winds makes prediction of relative mean annual temperature based on geographical position (elevation and distance from the coast) alone, not possible. During the summer months, onshore winds dominate and warm as they progress through the valleys creating a strong linear relationship (r(2)=0.992) of increasing potential temperature with distance from the coast (0.09degreesC km(-1)). In contrast to mean annual temperature, summer temperature lends itself quite well to model predictions, and is used to construct a statistical model for predicting summer dry valley temperatures at unmonitored sites. C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Desert Res Inst, Water Resources Ctr, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Doran, PT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM pdoran@uic.edu; mckay@gal.arc.nasa.gov; clow@usgs.gov; gdana@dri.edu; bjaf@odin.cc.pdx.edu; psu17038@odin.cc.pdx.edu; lyons.142@osu.edu NR 35 TC 208 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D24 AR 4772 DI 10.1029/2001JD002045 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650GE UT WOS:000181254300004 ER PT J AU Gallo, KP Adegoke, JO Owen, TW Elvidge, CD AF Gallo, KP Adegoke, JO Owen, TW Elvidge, CD TI Satellite-based detection of global urban heat-island temperature influence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE urban heat-island; satellite; climatology; global warming ID MINIMUM TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; DATA SET; TRENDS; STATIONS; PROJECT; MAXIMUM AB This study utilizes a satellite-based methodology to assess the urban heat-island influence during warm season months for over 4400 stations included in the Global Historical Climatology Network of climate stations. The methodology includes local and regional satellite retrievals of an indicator of the presence green photosynthetically active vegetation at and around the stations. The difference in local and regional samples of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to estimate differences in mean air temperature. Stations classified as urban averaged 0.90degreesC (N. Hemisphere) and 0.92degreesC (S. Hemisphere) warmer than the surrounding environment on the basis of the NDVI-derived temperature estimates. Additionally, stations classified as rural averaged 0.19degreesC (N. Hemisphere) and 0.16degreesC (S. Hemisphere) warmer than the surrounding environment. The NDVI-derived temperature estimates were found to be in reasonable agreement with temperature differences observed between climate stations. The results suggest that satellite-derived data sets can be used to estimate the urban heat-island temperature influence on a global basis and that a more detailed analysis of rural stations and their surrounding environment may be necessary to assure that temperature trends derived from assumed rural environments are not influenced by changes in land use/land cover. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Gallo, KP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. EM kgallo@usgs.gov; adegoke@umkc.edu; tim.owen@noaa.gov; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D24 AR 4776 DI 10.1029/2002JD002588 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 650GE UT WOS:000181254300009 ER PT J AU Baisden, WT Amundson, R Brenner, DL Cook, AC Kendall, C Harden, JW AF Baisden, WT Amundson, R Brenner, DL Cook, AC Kendall, C Harden, JW TI A multiisotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry model; soil organic matter dynamics; radiocarbon; carbon; nitrogen; soil chronosequence ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; BIOGEOCHEMICAL THEORY; TEMPERATE FORESTS; CARBON; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENT; CLIMATE; FLUXES AB We examine soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and transport using C and N isotopes in soil profiles sampled circa 1949, 1978, and 1998 (a period spanning pulse thermonuclear (14)C enrichment of the atmosphere) along a 3-million-year annual grassland soil chronosequence. Temporal differences in soil Delta(14)C profiles indicate that inputs of recently living organic matter (OM) occur primarily in the upper 20-30 cm but suggest that OM inputs can occur below the primary rooting zone. A three-pool SOM model with downward transport captures most observed variation in Delta(14)C, percentages of C and N, delta(13)C, and delta(15)N, supporting the commonly accepted concept of three distinct SOM pools. The model suggests that the importance of the decadal SOM pool in N dynamics is greatest in young and old soils. Altered hydrology and possibly low pH and/or P dynamics in highly developed old soils cause changes in soil C and N turnover and transport of importance for soil biogeochemistry models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept ESPM, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Baisden, WT (reprint author), Massey Univ, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM BaisdenT@landcare.cri.nz RI Baisden, Troy/B-9831-2008; Amundson, Ronald /E-2654-2015 OI Baisden, Troy/0000-0003-1814-1306; NR 82 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 AR 1135 DI 10.1029/2001GB001823 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 649LC UT WOS:000181209000001 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Plummer, MA Phillips, FM Wolfsberg, AV AF Walvoord, MA Plummer, MA Phillips, FM Wolfsberg, AV TI Deep arid system hydrodynamics - 1. Equilibrium states and response times in thick desert vadose zones SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE modeling; vapor flow; chloride; matric potential ID CHLORIDE-MASS-BALANCE; SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT; UNSATURATED ZONE; ENVIRONMENTAL TRACERS; NATURAL RECHARGE; GREAT-BASIN; FLOW; FLUX; PALEORECHARGE; DIFFUSION AB [1] Quantifying moisture fluxes through deep desert soils remains difficult because of the small magnitude of the fluxes and the lack of a comprehensive model to describe flow and transport through such dry material. A particular challenge for such a model is reproducing both observed matric potential and chloride profiles. We propose a conceptual model for flow in desert vadose zones that includes isothermal and nonisothermal vapor transport and the role of desert vegetation in supporting a net upward moisture flux below the root zone. Numerical simulations incorporating this conceptual model match typical matric potential and chloride profiles. The modeling approach thereby reconciles the paradox between the recognized importance of plants, upward driving forces, and vapor flow processes in desert vadose zones and the inadequacy of the downward-only liquid flow assumption of the conventional chloride mass balance approach. Our work shows that water transport in thick desert vadose zones at steady state is usually dominated by upward vapor flow and that long response times, of the order of 10(4)-10(5) years, are required to equilibrate to existing arid surface conditions. Simulation results indicate that most thick desert vadose zones have been locked in slow drying transients that began in response to a climate shift and establishment of desert vegetation many thousands of years ago. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 58 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1308 DI 10.1029/2001WR000824 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650DB UT WOS:000181246200002 ER PT J AU Prejean, S Ellsworth, W Zoback, M Waldhauser, F AF Prejean, S Ellsworth, W Zoback, M Waldhauser, F TI Fault structure and kinematics of the Long Valley Caldera region, California, revealed by high-accuracy earthquake hypocenters and focal mechanism stress inversions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Long Valley; faults; seismicity; stress; relocation ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; 2-COLOR GEODIMETER; RANGE PROVINCE; BASIN; INFLATION; TENSOR; STATE; DEFORMATION; VOLCANISM; SEQUENCE AB [1] We have determined high-resolution hypocenters for 45,000+ earthquakes that occurred between 1980 and 2000 in the Long Valley caldera area using a double-difference earthquake location algorithm and routinely determined arrival times. The locations reveal numerous discrete fault planes in the southern caldera and adjacent Sierra Nevada block (SNB). Intracaldera faults include a series of east/west-striking right-lateral strike-slip faults beneath the caldera's south moat and a series of more northerly striking strike-slip/normal faults beneath the caldera's resurgent dome. Seismicity in the SNB south of the caldera is confined to a crustal block bounded on the west by an east-dipping oblique normal fault and on the east by the Hilton Creek fault. Two NE-striking left-lateral strike-slip faults are responsible for most seismicity within this block. To understand better the stresses driving seismicity, we performed stress inversions using focal mechanisms with 50 or more first motions. This analysis reveals that the least principal stress direction systematically rotates across the studied region, from NE to SW in the caldera's south moat to WNW-ESE in Round Valley, 25 km to the SE. Because WNW-ESE extension is characteristic of the western boundary of the Basin and Range province, caldera area stresses appear to be locally perturbed. This stress perturbation does not seem to result from magma chamber inflation but may be related to the significant (similar to20 km) left step in the locus of extension along the Sierra Nevada/Basin and Range province boundary. This implies that regional-scale tectonic processes are driving seismic deformation in the Long Valley caldera. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prejean, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sprejean@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2355 DI 10.1029/2001JB001168 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649TY UT WOS:000181225100002 ER PT J AU Lockner, DA Stanchits, SA AF Lockner, DA Stanchits, SA TI Undrained poroelastic response of sandstones to deviatoric stress change SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE poroelasticity; Skempton coefficient; stress-induced anisotropy ID PRESSURE RESPONSE; FLUID PRESSURE; EARTHQUAKE; FAILURE AB Deformation of porous crustal rock through diagenesis, tectonic loading, or other processes can change pore volume and affect fluid pressure. The largest stress-induced pore pressure changes occur when fluid is trapped in pores in an "undrained'' condition. We have measured the undrained poroelastic response of two sandstones to changes in mean and deviatoric stress. Pore pressure was found to respond to mean stress sigma(m) in the usual manner: Deltap=BDeltasigma(m) (B ranging from 0.4 to 0.7), nearly independent of the ambient deviatoric stress state. However, variations in deviatoric stress (sigma(d)=(sigma(1)-sigma(3))/2) at constant mean stress were also found to induce a reversible (elastic) pore pressure response to stress levels up to and exceeding 80% failure stress (i.e., Delta(p)=etaDeltasigma(d)\(sigmam)=const.). The coefficient eta became more negative with increasing deviatoric stress level in sandstone and Ottawa sand samples. That is, eta represents a dilatant response where increased deviatoric stress causes a decrease in pore pressure. The poroelastic response to deviatoric stress is explained in terms of anisotropic matrix stiffening due to closure of crack-like pore space or flattening of grain contacts at high ambient stress levels and can be important in calculations of earthquake stress transfer. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lockner, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM dlockner@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2353 DI 10.1029/2001JB001460 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649TU UT WOS:000181224700002 ER PT J AU Carr, MH AF Carr, MH TI Elevations of water-worn features on Mars: Implications for circulation of groundwater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Mars; valleys; groundwater; poles ID VALLES-MARINERIS; MARTIAN SURFACE; CHANNELS; ICE; ORIGIN; ATMOSPHERE; GENERATION; DEPOSITS; EROSION; HISTORY AB [1] Central to the model of the evolution of the martian hydrosphere by Clifford and Parker [2001] is a permanent freezing of the planet at the end of the Noachian and recharge of the global groundwater system by basal melting of ice-rich polar deposits. Acquisition of MOLA data by Mars Global Surveyor provides a means of testing the model, since discharge of water onto the surface, after development of the cryosphere, is driven by the hydrostatic head created by the difference in elevation between the base of the polar-layered terrain and the discharge site. The new data show that, while most post-Noachian water-worn features are at a lower elevation than the base of the polar-layered terrains, as required by the model, there are exceptions. Prominent among these are possible lacustrine deposits within the canyons, tributaries to the canyons, and valleys on several volcanoes. These high-standing features can be reconciled with the model if volcanic melting of ice within the cryosphere is invoked as a source for water at high elevations. An alternative is that high pressures may have developed below the cryosphere as a result of water being trapped beneath the growing cryosphere and the impermeable basement. Yet another alternative is that, since the end of the Noachian, the groundwater system has been recharged by precipitation during occasional warm periods. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 71 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 17 PY 2002 VL 107 IS E12 AR 5131 DI 10.1029/2002JE001845 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649PM UT WOS:000181217200001 ER PT J AU Walvoord, MA Phillips, FM Tyler, SW Hartsough, PC AF Walvoord, MA Phillips, FM Tyler, SW Hartsough, PC TI Deep arid system hydrodynamics - 2. Application to paleohydrologic reconstruction using vadose zone profiles from the northern Mojave Desert SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleohydrology; vadose zone; paleovegetation; Mojave Desert; chloride; matric potential ID WATER-MOVEMENT; GREAT-BASIN; SOILS; FLUX; PALEORECHARGE; CHRONOLOGY; NEVADA AB Site-specific numerical modeling of four sites in two arid alluvial basins within the Nevada Test Site employs a conceptual model of deep arid system hydrodynamics that includes vapor transport, the role of xeric vegetation, and long-term surface boundary transients. Surface boundary sequences, spanning 110 kyr, that best reproduce measured chloride concentration and matric potential profiles from four deep (230-460 m) boreholes concur with independent paleohydrologic and paleoecological records from the region. Simulations constrain a pluvial period associated with infiltration of 2-5 mm yr(-1) at 14-13 ka and denote a shift linked to the establishment of desert vegetation at 13-9.5 ka. Retrodicted moisture flux histories inferred from modeling results differ significantly from those determined using the conventional chloride mass balance approach that assumes only downward advection. The modeling approach developed here represents a significant advance in the use of deep vadose zone profile data from arid regions to recover detailed paleohydrologic and current hydrologic information. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Grad Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Walvoord, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Hartsough, Peter/B-6104-2008 NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 17 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1291 DI 10.1029/2001WR000825 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 650CQ UT WOS:000181245200003 ER PT J AU Perakis, SS AF Perakis, SS TI Nutrient limitation, hydrology and watershed nitrogen loss SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NITRATE-N; MOUNTAINS; GROWTH; EXPORT; CONSEQUENCES; HYPOTHESIS; ECOSYSTEMS; RETENTION C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Perakis, SS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 17 BP 3507 EP 3511 DI 10.1002/hyp.5078 PG 5 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 625VQ UT WOS:000179836600011 ER PT J AU Cooper, RJ Wadham, JL Tranter, M Hodgkins, R Peters, NE AF Cooper, RJ Wadham, JL Tranter, M Hodgkins, R Peters, NE TI Groundwater hydrochemistry in the active layer of the proglacial zone, Finsterwalderbreen, Svalbard SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mg-Ca-sulphate salts; catchment; glacier; proglacial; chemical weathering; active layer ID SOLUTE ACQUISITION; SLUG TEST; MELTWATERS; GLACIER; MODEL AB Glacial bulk meltwaters and active-layer groundwaters were sampled from the proglacial zone of Finsterwalderbreen during a single melt season in 1999, in order to determine the geochemical processes that maintain high chemical weathering rates in the proglacial zone of this glacier. Results demonstrate that the principle means of solute acquisition is the weathering of highly reactive moraine and fluvial active-layer sediments by supra-permafrost groundwaters. Active-layer groundwater derives from the thaw of the proglacial snowpack, buried ice and glacial bulk meltwaters. Groundwater evolves by sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution. Evaporation- and freeze-concentration of groundwater in summer and winter, respectively produce Mg-Ca-sulphate salts on the proglacial surface. Re-dissolution of these salts in early summer produces groundwaters that are supersaturated with respect to calcite. There is a pronounced spatial pattern to the geochemical evolution of groundwater. Close to the main proglacial channel, active layer sediments are flushed diurnally by bulk meltwaters. Here, Mg-Ca-sulphate deposits become exhausted in the early season and geochemical evolution proceeds by a combination of sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution. At greater distances from the channel, the dissolution of Mg-Ca-sulphate salts is a major influence and dilution by the bulk meltwaters is relatively minor. The influence of sulphate salt dissolution decreases during the sampling season, as these salts are exhausted and waters become increasingly routed by subsurface flowpaths. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Geog, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Wadham, JL (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Bristol Glaciol Ctr, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. RI Tranter, Martyn/E-3722-2010; Hodgkins, Richard/F-5430-2011; Wadham, Jemma/A-8352-2012; Wadham, Jemma/G-3138-2014 OI Tranter, Martyn/0000-0003-2071-3094; NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 269 IS 3-4 BP 208 EP 223 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00279-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00279-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 626MC UT WOS:000179875600007 ER PT J AU Normark, WR Piper, DJW Posamentier, H Pirmez, C Migeon, S AF Normark, WR Piper, DJW Posamentier, H Pirmez, C Migeon, S TI Variability in form and growth of sediment waves on turbidite channel levees SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment waved; turbidite; lithology; planform; depositional processes ID DEEP-SEA FAN; QUATERNARY DEVELOPMENT; SUBMARINE FAN; LAKE-SUPERIOR; CURRENT FLOW; CALIFORNIA; HUENEME; DEPOSITION; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT AB Fine-grained sediment waves have been observed in many modem turbidite systems, generally restricted to the overbank depositional element. Sediment waves developed on six submarine fan systems are compared using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles. sediment core samples (including ODP drilling), multibeam bathymetry, 3D seismic-reflection imaging (including examples of burried features), and direct measurements of turbidity currents that overflow their channels. These submarine fan examples extend over more than three orders of magnitude in physical scale. The presence or absence of sediment waves is not simply a matter of either the size of the turbidite channel-levee systems or the dominant initiation process for the turbidity currents that overflow the channels to form the wave fields. Both sediment-core data and seismic-reflection profiles document the upslope migration of the wave forms, with thicker and coarser beds deposited on the up-current flank of the waves. Some wave Fields are orthogonal to channel trend and were initiated by large flows whose direction was controlled by upflow morphology, whereas fields subparallel to channel levees resulted from local spillover. In highly meandering systems, sediment waves may mimic meander planform. Larger sediment waves form on channel-levee systems with thicker overflow of turbidity currents, but available data indicate that sediment waves can be maintaned during conditions of relatively thin overflow. Coarser-grained units in sediment waves are typically laminated and thin-bedded sand as much as several centimetres thick, but sand beds as thick as several tens of centimetres have been documented from both modern and buried systems. Current production of hydrocarbons from sediment-wave deposits suggests that it is important to develop criteria for recognising this overbank element in outcrop exposures and borehole data, where the wavelength of typical waves (several kilometres) generally exceeds outcrop scales and wave heights, which are reduced as a result of consolidation during burial, may be too subtle to recognise. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Anadarko Canada Corp, Calgary, AB T2P 4V4, Canada. Shell Int Explorat & Prod BV, Houston, TX 77001 USA. RP Normark, WR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 56 TC 81 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 192 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 58 AR PII S0025-3227(02)00548-0 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 634WV UT WOS:000180366200004 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Syvitski, JPM Parker, G Orange, D Locat, J Hutton, EWH Imran, J AF Lee, HJ Syvitski, JPM Parker, G Orange, D Locat, J Hutton, EWH Imran, J TI Distinguishing sediment waves from slope failure deposits: field examples, including the 'Humboldt slide' and modelling results SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sediment waves; turbidity currents; landslides; sedimentation; slope failure ID DEEP-SEA FAN; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; EEL MARGIN; QUATERNARY DEVELOPMENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; RIVER MOUTHS; STABILITY; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC AB Migrating sediment waves have been reported in a variety of marine settings, including submarine levee-fan systems, floors of fjords, and other basin or continental slope environments. Examination of such wave Fields reveals nine diagnostic characteristics. When these characteristics are applied to several features previously attributed to submarine landslide deformation, they suggest that the features should most likely be reinterpreted as migrating sediment-wave fields. Sites that have been reinterpreted include the Humboldt slide' on the Eel River margin in northern California, the continental slope in the Gulf of Cadiz, the continental shelf off the Malaspina Glacier in the Gulf of Alaska, and the Adriatic shelf. A reassessment of all four features strongly suggests that numerous turbidity currents, separated by intervals of ambient hemipelagic sedimentation. deposited the wave fields over thousands of years. A numerical model of hyperpycnal discharge from the Eel River, for example, shows that under certain alongshore-current conditions, such events can produce turbidity currents that flow across the 'Humboldt slide', serving as the mechanism for the development of migrating sediment waves, Numerical experiments also demonstrate that where a series of turbidity currents flows across a rough seafloor (i.e. numerical steps). sediment waves can form and migrate upslope. Hemipelagic sedimentation between turbidity current events further facilitates the upslope migration of the sediment waves. Physical modelling of turbidity currents also confirms the formation and migration of seafloor bedforms. The morphologies of sediment waves generated both numerically and physically in the laboratory bear a strong resemblance to those observed in the field, including those that were previously described as submarine landslides. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. AOA Geophys Inc, Castroville, CA 95012 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Geol, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013 NR 55 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 192 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 104 AR PII S0025-3227(02)00550-9 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00550-9 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 634WV UT WOS:000180366200006 ER PT J AU Kenyon, NH Akhmetzhanov, AM Twichell, DC AF Kenyon, NH Akhmetzhanov, AM Twichell, DC TI Sand wave fields beneath the Loop Current, Gulf of Mexico: reworking of fan sands SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gulf of Mexico; Mississippi Fan; Loop Current; bottom currents; sand waves; geological hazards ID MISSISSIPPI FAN; BEDFORMS; SLOPE; SONOGRAPHS; RISE AB Extensive fields of large barchan-like sand waves and longitudinal sand ribbons have been mapped by deep-towed SeaMARC IA sidescan sonar on part of the middle and lower Mississippi Fan that lies in about 3200 m of water. The area is beneath the strongly flowing Loop Current. The bedforms have not been adequately sampled but probably consist of winnowed siliciclastic-foraminiferal sands. The size (about 200 m from wingtip to wingtip) and shape of the large barchans is consistent with a previously observed peak current speed of 30 cm/s. measured 25 m above the seabed. The types of small-scale bedforms and the scoured surfaces of chemical crusts, seen on nearby bottom photographs, indicate that near-bed currents in excess of 30 cm/s may sometimes occur. At the time of the survey the sand transport direction was to the northwest, in the opposite direction to the Loop Current but consistent with there being a deep boundary current along the foot of the Florida Escarpment. Some reworking of the underlying sandy turbidites and debris flow deposits is apparent on the sidescan sonar records. Reworking by deepsea currents, resulting in erosion and in deposits characterised by coarsening upwards structures and cross-bedding. is a process that has been proposed for sand found in cores in shallower parts of the Gulf of Mexico, This process is more widespread than hitherto supposed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Southampton, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Challenger Div Seafloor Proc, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kenyon, NH (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Challenger Div Seafloor Proc, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 192 IS 1-3 BP 297 EP 307 AR PII S0025-3227(02)00560-1 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00560-1 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 634WV UT WOS:000180366200016 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Q McGuire, AD O'Neill, KP Harden, JW Romanovsky, VE Yarie, J AF Zhuang, Q McGuire, AD O'Neill, KP Harden, JW Romanovsky, VE Yarie, J TI Modeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE carbon; fire; nitrogen; hydrology; permafrost ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE ECOSYSTEMS; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; JACK PINE; DISCONTINUOUS PERMAFROST; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES; CHANGING CLIMATE AB In this study, the dynamics of soil thermal, hydrologic, and ecosystem processes were coupled to project how the carbon budgets of boreal forests will respond to changes in atmospheric CO2, climate, and fire disturbance. The ability of the model to simulate gross primary production and ecosystem respiration was verified for a mature black spruce ecosystem in Canada, the age-dependent pattern of the simulated vegetation carbon was verified with inventory data on aboveground growth of Alaskan black spruce forests, and the model was applied to a postfire chronosequence in interior Alaska. The comparison between the simulated soil temperature and field-based estimates during the growing season (May to September) of 1997 revealed that the model was able to accurately simulate monthly temperatures at 10 cm (R>0. 93) for control and burned stands of the fire chronosequence. Similarly, the simulated and field-based estimates of soil respiration for control and burned stands were correlated (R=0.84 and 0.74 for control and burned stands, respectively). The simulated and observed decadal to century-scale dynamics of soil temperature and carbon dynamics, which are represented by mean monthly values of these variables during the growing season, were correlated among stands (R=0.93 and 0.71 for soil temperature at 20- and 10-cm depths, R=0.95 and 0.91 for soil respiration and soil carbon, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicate that along with differences in fire and climate history a number of other factors influence the response of carbon dynamics to fire disturbance. These factors include nitrogen fixation, the growth of moss, changes in the depth of the organic layer, soil drainage, and fire severity. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Forens Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Zhuang, Q (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM qzhuang@mbl.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009 NR 119 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 108 IS D1 AR 8147 DI 10.1029/2001JD001244 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648VC UT WOS:000181170600001 ER PT J AU Morin, RH Savage, WZ AF Morin, RH Savage, WZ TI Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas - 2. Hydrogeologic implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE hydrogeology; topography; west Texas; regional stress; rock stability ID FLUID-FLOW; PERMEABILITY; ROCK; FRACTURES; AQUIFER; ENHANCEMENT; ANISOTROPY; SCALE AB [1] As part of a regional groundwater investigation, geophysical logs were obtained in two municipal water wells located near the west Texas city of Alpine. These boreholes are 252 and 285 m deep and penetrate extrusive rocks of Tertiary age. The deeper well was drilled in the central valley and the other along the northern flank of an east-west trending valley-ridge setting. Analysis and interpretation of the logs reveal that the two wells are subjected to significantly different stress environments because of topographic effects and exhibit significantly different hydrogeologic properties. Water production is associated with two specific types of features common to both wells: (1) the upper and lower contacts of a dense trachyte unit located in the shallow part of the wells and (2) deeper zones of highly fractured rocks within the interior of a basalt formation. The transmissivity of the trachyte boundaries is twice as large in the central valley well as it is in the ridge flank well, whereas the transmissivity of the deeper basalts is an order of magnitude greater in the flank well than it is in the central well. This discrepancy is examined from the perspective of rock failure, fracture opening, and flow enhancement by computing values for a Drucker-Prager stability factor that is based on the magnitudes of the normal and deviatoric stress invariants as a function of depth. Thus the field measurements and subsequent stress analysis offer evidence of a coupled tectonic-hydrologic interaction at this site. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 403,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmorin@usgs.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2340 DI 10.1029/2001JB000488 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 648XB UT WOS:000181175400002 ER PT J AU Savage, WZ Morin, RH AF Savage, WZ Morin, RH TI Topographic stress perturbations in southern Davis Mountains, west Texas - 1. Polarity reversal of principal stresses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE topography; regional stress; west Texas; stress perturbations; breakouts ID LONG SYMMETRIC RIDGES; DRILLING-PROJECT; LITHOSPHERIC STRESS; STATE; ROCK; STRENGTH; VALLEYS; CRUST; SITE AB [1] We have applied a previously developed analytical stress model to interpret subsurface stress conditions inferred from acoustic televiewer logs obtained in two municipal water wells located in a valley in the southern Davis Mountains near Alpine, Texas. The appearance of stress-induced breakouts with orientations that shift by 90degrees at two different depths in one of the wells is explained by results from exact solutions for the effects of valleys on gravity and tectonically induced subsurface stresses. The theoretical results demonstrate that above a reference depth termed the hinge point, a location that is dependent on Poisson's ratio, valley shape, and magnitude of the maximum horizontal tectonic stress normal to the long axis of the valley, horizontal stresses parallel to the valley axis are greater than those normal to it. At depths below this hinge point the situation reverses and horizontal stresses normal to the valley axis are greater than those parallel to it. Application of the theoretical model at Alpine is accommodated by the fact that nearby earthquake focal mechanisms establish an extensional stress regime with the regional maximum horizontal principal stress aligned perpendicular to the valley axis. We conclude that the localized stress field associated with a valley setting can be highly variable and that breakouts need to be examined in this context when estimating the orientations and magnitudes of regional principal stresses. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Savage, WZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 403,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM rhmorin@usgs.gov NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2389 DI 10.1029/2001JB000484 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 648XB UT WOS:000181175400001 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH McGarr, A AF Bakun, WH McGarr, A TI Differences in attenuation among the stable continental regions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC MOMENT ASSESSMENT; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND-MOTION; LG WAVES; EARTHQUAKES; INTENSITY; MAGNITUDE; PROPAGATION; AFRICA; SHIELD AB [1] There are systematic differences in the attenuation of damaging earthquake ground motions between different stable continental regions (SCRs). Seismic intensity and weak-motion data show that the attenuation in seismic waves for eastern North America (ENA) is less than for India, Africa, Australia, and northwest Europe. If ENA ground-motion attenuation relations are used in seismic hazard models for other SCRs, as is commonly done, then the estimated ground motions and resulting hazard may be too large. If an attenuation model that averages observations from ENA and the other SCRs is used to estimate the magnitudes of large historical earthquakes in ENA, as is the case for recent estimates of M for the 1811-1812 New Madrid, Missouri and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina events, then the magnitude estimates for these events will be too large, as will be the resulting hazard. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 23 AR 2121 DI 10.1029/2002GL015457 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 647MH UT WOS:000181096200004 ER PT J AU Hidayat, D Chouet, B Voight, B Dawson, P Ratdomopurbo, A AF Hidayat, D Chouet, B Voight, B Dawson, P Ratdomopurbo, A TI Source mechanism of very-long-period signals accompanying dome growth activity at Merapi volcano, Indonesia SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JAVA; SEISMICITY; TOPOGRAPHY; ERUPTION AB [1] Very-long-period (VLP) pulses with period of 6-7s, displaying similar waveforms, were identified in 1998 from broadband seismographs around the summit crater. These pulses accompanied most of multiphase (MP) earthquakes, a type of long-period event locally defined at Merapi Volcano. Source mechanisms for several VLP pulses were examined by applying moment tensor inversion to the waveform data. Solutions were consistent with a crack striking similar to70degrees and dipping similar to50degrees SW, 100m under the active dome, suggest pressurized gas transport involving accumulation and sudden release of 10-60 m(3) of gas in the crack over a 6s interval. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Merapi Volcano Observ, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia. RP Hidayat, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 23 AR 2118 DI 10.1029/2002GL015013 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 647MH UT WOS:000181096200002 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SK Hoffer, RM Chapman, PL AF Maxwell, SK Hoffer, RM Chapman, PL TI AVHRR composite period selection for land cover classification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; DATA SET; VARIABILITY; ECOREGIONS; IMAGERY AB Multitemporal satellite image datasets provide valuable information on the phenological characteristics of vegetation, thereby significantly increasing the accuracy of cover type classifications compared to single date classifications. However, the processing of these datasets can become very complex when dealing with multitemporal data combined with multispectral data. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) biweekly composite data are commonly used to classify land cover over large regions. Selecting a subset of these biweekly composite periods may be required to reduce the complexity and cost of land cover mapping. The objective of our research was to evaluate the effect of reducing the number of composite periods and altering the spacing of those composite periods on classification accuracy. Because inter-annual variability can have a major impact on classification results, 5 years of AVHRR data were evaluated. AVHRR biweekly composite images for spectral channels 1-4 (visible, near-infrared and two thermal bands) covering the entire growing season were used to classify 14 cover types over the entire state of Colorado for each of five different years. A supervised classification method was applied to maintain consistent procedures for each case tested. Results indicate that the number of composite periods can be halved-reduced from 14 composite dates to seven composite dates-without significantly reducing overall classification accuracy (80.4% Kappa accuracy for the 14-composite dataset as compared to 80.0% for a seven-composite dataset). At least seven composite periods were required to ensure the classification accuracy was not affected by inter-annual variability due to climate fluctuations. Concentrating more composites near the beginning and end of the growing season, as compared to using evenly spaced time periods, consistently produced slightly higher classification values over the 5 years tested (average Kappa of 80.3% for the heavy early/late case as compared to 79.0% for the alternate dataset case). C1 Raytheon Co, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Maxwell, SK (reprint author), Raytheon Co, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 23 BP 5043 EP 5059 DI 10.1080/01431160210145579 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 627PB UT WOS:000179940500006 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SK Hoffer, RM Chapman, PL AF Maxwell, SK Hoffer, RM Chapman, PL TI AVHRR channel selection for land cover classification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ECOREGIONS; NDVI AB Mapping land cover of large regions often requires processing of satellite images collected from several time periods at many spectral wavelength channels. However, manipulating and processing large amounts of image data increases the complexity and time, and hence the cost, that it takes to produce a land cover map. Very few studies have evaluated the importance of individual Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels for discriminating cover types, especially the thermal channels (channels 3, 4 and 5). Studies rarely perform a multi-year analysis to determine the impact of inter-annual variability on the classification results. We evaluated 5 years of AVHRR data using combinations of the original AVHRR spectral channels (1-5) to determine which channels are most important for cover type discrimination, yet stabilize inter-annual variability. Particular attention was placed on the channels in the thermal portion of the spectrum. Fourteen cover types over the entire state of Colorado were evaluated using a supervised classification approach on all two-, three-, four- and five-channel combinations for seven AVHRR biweekly composite datasets covering the entire growing season for each of 5 years. Results show that all three of the major portions of the electromagnetic spectrum represented by the AVHRR sensor are required to discriminate cover types effectively and stabilize inter-annual variability. Of the two-channel combinations, channels 1 (red visible) and 2 (near-infrared) had, by far, the highest average overall accuracy (72.2%), yet the inter-annual classification accuracies were highly variable. Including a thermal channel (channel 4) significantly increased the average overall classification accuracy by 5.5% and stabilized interannual variability. Each of the thermal channels gave similar classification accuracies; however, because of the problems in consistently interpreting channel 3 data, either channel 4 or 5 was found to be a more appropriate choice. Substituting the thermal channel with a single elevation layer resulted in equivalent classification accuracies and inter-annual variability. C1 Raytheon Co, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Maxwell, SK (reprint author), Raytheon Co, USGS EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC 10 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 23 BP 5061 EP 5073 DI 10.1080/01431143210145588 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 627PB UT WOS:000179940500007 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Labson, VF Weaver, JN Krabbenhoft, DP AF Gray, JE Labson, VF Weaver, JN Krabbenhoft, DP TI Mercury and methylmercury contamination related to artisanal gold mining, Suriname SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADEIRA RIVER-BASIN; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; SOUTH-AMERICA; FRESH-WATER; SEDIMENTS; POLLUTION; FISH; SYSTEMS; SOILS AB [1] Elemental Hg-Au amalgamation mining practices are used widely in many developing countries resulting in significant Hg contamination of surrounding ecosystems. We have measured total Hg and methyl-Hg concentrations in sediment and water collected from artisanal Au mines and these are the first Hg speciation data from such mines in Suriname. Total Hg and methyl-Hg contents in mine-waste sediment and water are elevated over local uncontaminated baselines. Total Hg (10-930 ng/L) and methyl-Hg (0.02-3.8 ng/L) are highly elevated in mine waters. Increasing total Hg contents in discharged mine waters correlate with increasing water turbidity indicating that most Hg transport is on suspended particulates. Our Hg results are similar to those found in artisanal Au mines in the Amazon basin, where Hg contamination has led to adverse effects on tropical ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 973,POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 7 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 23 AR 2105 DI 10.1029/2002GL015575 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 646YQ UT WOS:000181064800001 ER PT J AU Harden, JW Mack, M Veldhuis, H Gower, ST AF Harden, JW Mack, M Veldhuis, H Gower, ST TI Fire dynamics and implications for nitrogen cycling in boreal forests SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; carbon and nitrogen cycling; fire emissions; nitrogen loss; BOREAS; Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study ID INTERIOR ALASKA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL; ATMOSPHERE; ECOSYSTEMS; POOLS; FERTILIZATION; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS AB [1] We used a dynamic, long-term mass balance approach to track cumulative carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses to fire in boreal Manitoba over the 6500 years since deglaciation. Estimated C losses to decomposition and fire, combined with measurements of N pools in mature and burned forest floors, suggest that loss of N by combustion has likely resulted in a long-term loss that exceeds the amount of N stored in soil today by 2 to 3 times. These estimates imply that biological N fixation rates could be as high as 5 to 10 times atmospheric deposition rates in boreal regions. At the site scale, the amount of N lost is due to N content of fuels, which varies by stand type and fire severity, which in turn vary with climate and fire dynamics. The interplay of fire frequency, fire severity, and N partitioning during regrowth are important for understanding rates and sustainability of nutrient and carbon cycling over millenia and over broad regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Manitoba, Agr Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Harden, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 962, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jharden@usgs.gov; m.mack@uaf.edu; veldhuish@em.agr.ca; stgower@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 49 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 7 PY 2002 VL 108 IS D3 AR 8223 DI 10.1029/2001JD000494 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646WQ UT WOS:000181059300001 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Lyons, WB Blum, AE AF Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Lyons, WB Blum, AE TI Weathering reactions and hyporheic exchange controls on stream water chemistry in a glacial meltwater stream in the McMurdo Dry Valleys SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; chemical weathering; flow path; Antarctica; stream ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LAKE-FRYXELL BASIN; TRANSIENT STORAGE; SURFACE-WATER; FLUVIAL GEOCHEMISTRY; EASTERN SIBERIA; VICTORIA LAND; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; ANTARCTIC STREAM AB [1] In the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, dilute glacial meltwater flows down well-established streambeds to closed basin lakes during the austral summer. During the 6-12 week flow season, a hyporheic zone develops in the saturated sediment adjacent to the streams. Longer Dry Valley streams have higher concentrations of major ions than shorter streams. The longitudinal increases in Si and K suggest that primary weathering contributes to the downstream solute increase. The hypothesis that weathering reactions in the hyporheic zone control stream chemistry was tested by modeling the downstream increase in solute concentration in von Guerard Stream in Taylor Valley. The average rates of solute supplied from these sources over the 5.2 km length of the stream were 6.1 x 10(-9) mol Si L-1 m(-1) and 3.7 x 10(-9) mol K L-1 m(-1), yielding annual dissolved Si loads of 0.02-1.30 mol Si m(-2) of watershed land surface. Silicate minerals in streambed sediment were analyzed to determine the representative surface area of minerals in the hyporheic zone subject to primary weathering. Two strategies were evaluated to compute sediment surface area normalized weathering rates. The first applies a best linear fit to synoptic data in order to calculate a constant downstream solute concentration gradient, dC/dx (constant weathering rate contribution, CRC method); the second uses a transient storage model to simulate dC/dx, representing both hyporheic exchange and chemical weathering (hydrologic exchange, HE method). Geometric surface area normalized dissolution rates of the silicate minerals in the stream ranged from 0.6 x 10(-12) mol Si m(-2) s(-1) to 4.5 x 10(-12) mol Si m(-2) s(-1) and 0.4 x 10(-12) mol K m(-2) s(-1) to 1.9 x 10(-12) mol K m(-2) s(-1). These values are an order of magnitude lower than geometric surface area normalized weathering rates determined in laboratory studies and are an order of magnitude greater than geometric surface area normalized weathering rates determined in a warmer, wetter setting in temperate basins, despite the cold temperatures, lack of precipitation and lack of organic material. These results suggest that the continuous saturation and rapid flushing of the sediment due to hyporheic exchange facilitates weathering in Dry Valley streams. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 89 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 7 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1279 DI 10.1029/2001WR000834 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 646EC UT WOS:000181021000001 ER PT J AU Holloway, JM Dahlgren, RA AF Holloway, JM Dahlgren, RA TI Nitrogen in rock: Occurrences and biogeochemical implications SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review DE nitrogen; volcanism; biogeochemistry; rock; weathering; diagenesis ID HIGH NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; ENGLISH LAKE-DISTRICT; ORGANIC-MATTER; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; AMMONIUM CONTENT; METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GEOLOGIC NITROGEN; BURIAL DIAGENESIS AB [1] There is a growing interest in the role of bedrock in global nitrogen cycling and potential for increased ecosystem sensitivity to human impacts in terrains with elevated background nitrogen concentrations. Nitrogen- bearing rocks are globally distributed and comprise a potentially large pool of nitrogen in nutrient cycling that is frequently neglected because of a lack of routine analytical methods for quantification. Nitrogen in rock originates as organically bound nitrogen associated with sediment, or in thermal waters representing a mixture of sedimentary, mantle, and meteoric sources of nitrogen. Rock nitrogen concentrations range from trace levels (< 200 mg N kg(-1)) in granites to ecologically significant concentrations exceeding 1000 mg N kg(-1) in some sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Nitrate deposits accumulated in arid and semi- arid regions are also a large potential pool. Nitrogen in rock has a potentially significant impact on localized nitrogen cycles. Elevated nitrogen concentrations in water and soil have been attributed to weathering of bedrock nitrogen. In some environments, nitrogen released from bedrock may contribute to nitrogen saturation of terrestrial ecosystems (more nitrogen available than required by biota). Nitrogen saturation results in leaching of nitrate to surface and groundwaters, and, where soils are formed from ammonium- rich bedrock, the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate may result in soil acidification, inhibiting revegetation in certain ecosystems. Collectively, studies presented in this article reveal that geologic nitrogen may be a large and reactive pool with potential for amplification of human impacts on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. C1 US Geol Survey, WRD, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Holloway, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WRD, 3215 Marine St,E127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Holloway, JoAnn/A-2089-2012 OI Holloway, JoAnn/0000-0003-3603-7668 NR 167 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 AR 1118 DI 10.1029/2002GB001862 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646YB UT WOS:000181062900003 ER PT J AU Allen, RM Nolet, G Morgan, WJ Vogfjord, K Bergsson, BH Erlendsson, P Foulger, GR Jakobsdottir, S Julian, BR Pritchard, M Ragnarsson, S Stefansson, R AF Allen, RM Nolet, G Morgan, WJ Vogfjord, K Bergsson, BH Erlendsson, P Foulger, GR Jakobsdottir, S Julian, BR Pritchard, M Ragnarsson, S Stefansson, R TI Imaging the mantle beneath Iceland using integrated seismological techniques SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Iceland; mantle structure; plume; tomographic imaging; body waves; surface waves ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; NORTHERN ICELAND; SPREADING RIDGE; LEAST-SQUARES; TRAVEL-TIMES; DELAY TIMES; HOT-SPOT AB [1] Using a combination of body wave and surface wave data sets to reveal the mantle plume and plume head, this study presents a tomographic image of the mantle structure beneath Iceland to 400 km depth. Data comes primarily from the PASSCAL-HOTSPOT deployment of 30 broadband instruments over a period of 2 years, and is supplemented by data from the SIL and ICEMELT networks. Three sets of relative teleseismic body wave arrival times are generated through cross correlation: S and SKS arrivals at 0.03-0.1 Hz, and P and PKIKP arrivals at 0.03-0.1 and 0.8-2.0 Hz. Prior to inversion the crustal portion of the travel time anomalies is removed using the crustal model ICECRTb. This step has a significant effect on the mantle velocity variations imaged down to a depth of similar to250 km. Inversion of relative arrival times only provides information on lateral velocity variations. Surface waves are therefore used to provide absolute velocity information for the uppermost mantle beneath Iceland. The average wave number for the Love wave fundamental mode at 0.020 and 0.024 Hz is measured and used to invert for the average S velocity. Combination of the body wave and surface wave information reveals a predominantly horizontal low-velocity anomaly extending from the Moho down to similar to250 km depth, interpreted as a plume head. Below the plume head a near-cylindrical low-velocity anomaly with a radius of similar to100 km and peak V-P and V-S anomalies of -2% and -4%, respectively, extends down to the maximum depth of resolution at 400 km. Within the plume head, in the uppermost mantle above the core of the plume, there is a relatively high velocity with a maximum V-P and V-S anomaly of +2%. This high-velocity anomaly may be the result of the extreme degree of melt extraction necessary to generate the thick (46 km) crust in central Iceland. Comparison of the plume volumetric flux implied by our images, the crustal generation rate, and the degree of melting suggested by rare earth element inversions, suggests that (1) mantle material must be flowing horizontally away from the plume core faster than the overlying lithosphere and (2) the bulk of the plume material does not participate in melting beneath Iceland. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Vedurstofa Isl, IS-150 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Allen, RM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rallen@geology.wisc.edu; nolet@princeton.edu; wjmorgan@princeton.edu NR 55 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2325 DI 10.1029/2001JB000595 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 646GV UT WOS:000181028000003 ER PT J AU Hurwitz, S Garfunkel, Z Ben-Gai, Y Reznikov, M Rotstein, Y Gvirtzman, H AF Hurwitz, S Garfunkel, Z Ben-Gai, Y Reznikov, M Rotstein, Y Gvirtzman, H TI The tectonic framework of a complex pull-apart basin: seismic reflection observations in the Sea of Galilee, Dead Sea transform SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pull-apart basin; Sea of Galilee; seismic reflection; kinematics; plate boundary; Dead Sea transform ID PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE; PLATE KINEMATICS; NORTHERN ISRAEL; LAKE KINNERET; FAULT SYSTEM; RED-SEA; RIFT; EVOLUTION; GEOMETRY; EXAMPLE AB A multi-channel seismic reflection survey consisting of 20 lines with a total length of 180 kin was conducted in the Sea of Galilee. The data provide new insights into the Pliocene-Quaternary evolution of the Kinarot-Beit-Shean pull-apart basin (KBSB) along the Dead Sea transform. Two distinct zones are defined beneath the take: (1) a graben that underlies most of the lake, bounded by steep north-south longitudinal strike-slip faults and (2) shallow pre-rift units underlying the northwestern wider part of the lake. We suggest that before approximately 4 Ma, the KBSB grew due to northward movement of the Korazim Plateau and by crustal stretching along the rift axis. Since the Pliocene ( similar to 4 Ma), lateral slip has been transferred from the southern segment of the basin's western marginal fault to normal faults in the Galilee, and to the eastern margin of the Korazim Plateau by the newly formed, Almagor fault, which makes a restraining bend along the transform. N-S lithospheric stretching below the KBSB has diminished and the Korazint Plateau has changed from being a detached block to a compressional saddle. A phase of rapid subsidence, and formation of a half-graben structure in the northern part of the basin approximately I Ma ago was coeval with major deformation in areas adjacent to the KBSB, indicating major reorganization of the plate boundary in the region. Currently, most transform motions are probably taken up along a single fault on the eastern side of the KBSB, implying that the main trough under the Sea of Galilee is in a late stage of growth as a pull-apart. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Inst Geophys, IL-71100 Lod, Israel. RP US Geol Survey, MS 439,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM shaulh@usgs.gov NR 60 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 306 AR PII S0040-1951(02)00516-4 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00516-4 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 617GK UT WOS:000179353600005 ER PT J AU Fleischer, GW Argyle, RL Nester, RT Dawson, JJ AF Fleischer, GW Argyle, RL Nester, RT Dawson, JJ TI Evaluation of a rubber-compound diaphragm for acoustic fisheries surveys: Effects on dual-beam signal intensity and beam patterns SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. BioSon Inc, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. RP Fleischer, GW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD DEC 5 PY 2002 VL 258 IS 4 BP 763 EP 772 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2002.5139 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 626KY UT WOS:000179872500010 ER PT J AU Bednar, AJ Garbarino, JR Ranville, JF Wildeman, TR AF Bednar, AJ Garbarino, JR Ranville, JF Wildeman, TR TI Presence of organoarsenicals used in cotton production in agricultural water and soil of the southern United States SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE organoarsenic herbicides; cotton; arsenic speciation; redox transformations ID ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; MOLYBDATE; ARSENATE; PLANTS; GROWTH; RICE; PH AB Arsenicals have been used extensively in agriculture in the United States as insecticides and herbicides. Mono- and disodium methylarsonate and dimethylarsinic acid are organoarsenicals used to control weeds in cotton fields and as defoliation agents applied prior to cotton harvesting. Because the toxicity of most organoarsenicals is less than that of inorganic arsenic species, the introduction of these compounds into the environment might seem benign. However, biotic and abiotic degradation reactions can produce more problematic inorganic forms of arsenic, such as arsenite [As(lit)] and arsenate [As(V)]. This study investigates the occurrences of these compounds in samples of soil and associated surface and groundwaters. Preliminary results show that surface water samples from cotton-producing areas have elevated concentrations of methylarsenic species (> 10 mug of As/L) compared to background areas (<1 mug of As/L). Species transformations also occur between surface waters and adjacent soils and groundwaters, which also contain elevated arsenic. The data indicate that point sources of arsenic related to agriculture might be responsible for increased arsenic concentrations in local irrigation wells, although the elevated concentrations did not exceed the new (2002) arsenic maximum contaminant level of 10 mug/L in any of the wells sampled thus far. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Garbarino, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, POB 25046,MS 407, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; OI ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 NR 21 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 25 BP 7340 EP 7344 DI 10.1021/jf025672i PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 621WC UT WOS:000179613200026 PM 12452655 ER PT J AU Alexander, RB Elliott, AH Shankar, U Mcbride, GB AF Alexander, RB Elliott, AH Shankar, U Mcbride, GB TI Estimating the sources and transport of nutrients in the Waikato River Basin, New Zealand SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; phosphorus; SPARROW; watershed modeling; nutrient retention ID COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; FRESH-WATER; ESTIMATING RETENTION; NITROGEN-RETENTION; HEADWATER STREAMS; EMPIRICAL METHOD; UNITED-STATES; PHOSPHORUS AB [1] We calibrated SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) surface water-quality models using measurements of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from 37 sites in the 13,900-km(2) Waikato River Basin, the largest watershed on the North Island of New Zealand. This first application of SPARROW outside of the United States included watersheds representative of a wide range of natural and cultural conditions and water-resources data that were well suited for calibrating and validating the models. We applied the spatially distributed model to a drainage network of nearly 5000 stream reaches and 75 lakes and reservoirs to empirically estimate the rates of nutrient delivery (and their levels of uncertainty) from point and diffuse sources to streams, lakes, and watershed outlets. The resulting models displayed relatively small errors; predictions of stream yield (kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) were typically within 30% or less of the observed values at the monitoring sites. There was strong evidence of the accuracy of the model estimates of nutrient sources and the natural rates of nutrient attenuation in surface waters. Estimated loss rates for streams, lakes, and reservoirs agreed closely with experimental measurements and empirical models from New Zealand, North America, and Europe as well as with previous U. S. SPARROW models. The results indicate that the SPARROW modeling technique provides a reliable method for relating experimental data and observations from small catchments to the transport of nutrients in the surface waters of large river basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Alexander, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 413, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 76 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1268 DI 10.1029/2001WR000878 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 646DW UT WOS:000181020400002 ER PT J AU Freer, J McDonnell, JJ Beven, KJ Peters, NE Burns, DA Hooper, RP Aulenbach, B Kendall, C AF Freer, J McDonnell, JJ Beven, KJ Peters, NE Burns, DA Hooper, RP Aulenbach, B Kendall, C TI The role of bedrock topography on subsurface storm flow SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bedrock topography; subsurface storm flow; macropores; soil moisture; topographic index; trench flow ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; GENERALIZED TOPMODEL; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FORESTED HILLSLOPE; PANOLA MOUNTAIN; GLACIAL TILL; CATCHMENT; RUNOFF; MOISTURE AB [1] We conducted a detailed study of subsurface flow and water table response coupled with digital terrain analysis (DTA) of surface and subsurface features at the hillslope scale in Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia. Subsurface storm flow contributions of macropore and matrix flow in different sections along an artificial trench face were highly variable in terms of timing, peak flow, recession characteristics, and total flow volume. The trench flow characteristics showed linkages with the spatial tensiometer response defining water table development upslope. DTA of the ground surface did not capture the observed spatial patterns of trench flow or tensiometric response. However, bedrock surface topographic indices significantly improved the estimation of spatial variation of flow at the trench. Point-scale tensiometric data were also more highly correlated with the bedrock surface-based indices. These relationships were further assessed for temporal changes throughout a rainstorm. Linkages between the bedrock indices and the trench flow and spatial water table responses improved during the wetter periods of the rainstorm, when the hillslope became more hydrologically connected. Our results clearly demonstrate that in developing a conceptual framework for understanding the mechanisms of runoff generation, local bedrock topography may be highly significant at the hillslope scale in some catchments where the bedrock surface acts as a relatively impermeable boundary. C1 Univ Lancaster, IENS, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster, England. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Freer, J (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, IENS, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster, England. RI Freer, Jim/C-7335-2009; Beven, Keith/F-8707-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; McDonnell, Jeffrey/I-6400-2013 NR 57 TC 171 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 12 AR 1269 DI 10.1029/2001WR000872 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 646DW UT WOS:000181020400001 ER PT J AU Prentice, CS Kendrick, K Berryman, K Bayasgalan, A Ritz, JF Spencer, JQ AF Prentice, CS Kendrick, K Berryman, K Bayasgalan, A Ritz, JF Spencer, JQ TI Prehistoric ruptures of the Gurvan Bulag fault, Gobi Altay, Mongolia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE paleoseismology; reverse fault; Gobi Altay; Mongolia; luminescence dating ID CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE; AGE CALIBRATION; SEDIMENTS; EARTHQUAKE; KA AB [1] The 1957 Gobi Altay M8.3 earthquake in southern Mongolia was associated with the simultaneous rupture of several faults, including the Gurvan Bulag reverse fault, which is located about 25 km south of the main strike-slip Bogd fault. Our study of paleoseismic excavations across the Gurvan Bulag fault suggests that the penultimate surface rupture occurred after 6.0 ka, most likely between 2.6 and 4.4 ka, and a possible earlier rupture occurred after 7.3 ka. Our interpretation of the stratigraphic relations in one of the exposures suggests that at least five earthquakes have generated surface rupture of the Gurvan Bulag fault since the abandonment of an ancient alluvial fan surface. Luminescence dating of sediment associated with this surface indicates that it formed either 26.6 +/- 2.1 ka or 16.1 +/- 2.0 ka. These data imply that the recurrence intervals for surface faulting on the Gurvan Bulag and Bogd faults are similar, on the order of several thousands of years, but that the penultimate surface ruptures of the two faults did not occur during the same earthquake. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Mongolian Univ Sci & Technol, Geoinformat Res & Training Ctr, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Terre, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Prentice, CS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cprentice@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 3 PY 2002 VL 107 IS B12 AR 2321 DI 10.1029/2001JB000803 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 646GQ UT WOS:000181027600001 ER PT J AU Brower, CD Carpenter, A Branigan, ML Calvert, W Evans, T Fischbach, AS Nagy, JA Schliebe, S Stirling, I AF Brower, CD Carpenter, A Branigan, ML Calvert, W Evans, T Fischbach, AS Nagy, JA Schliebe, S Stirling, I TI The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE polar bears; Beaufort Sea; management; agreement; North Slope Borough; Inuvialuit Game Council ID MARK AB Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea population, distributed from approximately Icy Cape, west of Point Barrow, Alaska, to Pearce Point, east of Paulatuk in Canada, are harvested by hunters from both countries. In Canada, quotas to control polar bear hunting have been in place, with periodic modifications, since 1968. In Alaska, passage of the United States Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 banned polarbear hunting unless done by Alaska Natives for subsistence. However, the MMPA placed no restrictions on numbers or composition of the subsistence hunt, leaving open the potential for an overharvest with no possible legal management response until the population was declared depleted. Recognizing that as a threat to the conservation of the shared polar bear population, the Inuvialuit Game Council from Canada and the North Slope Borough from Alaska negotiated and signed a user-to-user agreement, the Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea, in 1988. We reviewed the functioning of the agreement through its first 10 years and concluded that, overall, it has been successful because both the total harvest and the proportion of females in the harvest have been contained within sustainable limits. However, harvest monitoring needs to be improved in Alaska, and awareness of the need to prevent overharvest of females needs to be increased in both countries. This agreement is a useful model for other user-to-user conservation agreements. C1 Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK 99723 USA. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Inuvik, NT X0E 0TO, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Stirling, I (reprint author), Canadian Wildlife Serv, 5320 122 St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. RI Fischbach, Anthony/E-7166-2010 OI Fischbach, Anthony/0000-0002-6555-865X NR 24 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 26 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD DEC PY 2002 VL 55 IS 4 BP 362 EP 372 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 639TW UT WOS:000180646300007 ER PT J AU Foulger, G AF Foulger, G TI Plumes, or plate tectonic processes? SO ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT; ICELAND; MANTLE; ATLANTIC; CONVECTION; HYPOTHESIS; EVOLUTION; HOTSPOTS; PACIFIC; MOTION AB Hotspots-large volcanic provinces-such as Iceland, Hawaii and Yellowstone, are almost universally assumed to come from plumes of hot mantle rising from deep within the Earth. At Iceland, perhaps the best-studied hotspot on Earth, this hypothesis is inconsistent with many first-order observations, such as the lack of high temperatures, a volcanic track or a seismic anomaly in the lower mantle. The great melt production there is explained better by enhanced fertility in the mantle where the mid-Atlantic spreading ridge crosses the Caledonian suture zone. The thick crust built by the excessive melt production encourages complex, unstable, leaky microplate tectonics, which provides positive feedback by enhancing volcanism further. Such a model explains Iceland as a natural consequence of relatively shallow processes related to plate tectonics, and accounts for all the first- and second-order geophysical, geological and geochemical observations at Iceland without special pleading or invoking coincidences. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3HP, England. RP Foulger, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-8781 J9 ASTRON GEOPHYS JI Astron. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619RM UT WOS:000179490300006 ER PT J AU Yee, JL Johnson, WO Samaniego, FJ AF Yee, JL Johnson, WO Samaniego, FJ TI Asymptotic approximations to posterior distributions via conditional moment equations SO BIOMETRIKA LA English DT Article DE Bayesian approach; data augmentation; EM algorithm; fixed point theorem; Gibbs sampling; latent data; screening data ID BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; GOLD STANDARD; MODELS AB We consider asymptotic approximations to joint posterior distributions in situations where the full conditional distributions referred to in Gibbs sampling are asymptotically normal. Our development focuses on problems where data augmentation facilitates simpler calculations, but results hold more generally. Asymptotic mean vectors are obtained as simultaneous solutions to fixed point equations that arise naturally in the development. Asymptotic covariance matrices flow naturally from the work of Arnold & Press (1989) and involve the conditional asymptotic covariance matrices and first derivative matrices for conditional mean functions. When the fixed point equations admit an analytical solution, explicit formulae are subsequently obtained for the covariance structure of the joint limiting distribution, which may shed light on the use of the given statistical model. Two illustrations are given. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Stat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Yee, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95826 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMETRIKA TRUST PI LONDON PA UNIV COLLEGE LONDON GOWER ST-BIOMETRIKA OFFICE, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND SN 0006-3444 J9 BIOMETRIKA JI Biometrika PD DEC PY 2002 VL 89 IS 4 BP 755 EP 767 DI 10.1093/biomet/89.4.755 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 624RH UT WOS:000179774400003 ER PT J AU Shaw, JH Plesch, A Dolan, JF Pratt, TL Fiore, P AF Shaw, JH Plesch, A Dolan, JF Pratt, TL Fiore, P TI Puente Hills blind-thrust system, Los Angeles, California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHITTIER-NARROWS EARTHQUAKE; METROPOLITAN REGION; FAULT SYSTEM; TECTONICS; BASIN; KINEMATICS; SEQUENCE; GEOMETRY; HAZARDS; FOLDS AB We describe the three-dimensional geometry and Quaternary slip history of the Puente Hills blind-thrust system (PHT) using seismic reflection profiles, petroleum well data, and precisely located seismicity. The PHT generated the 1987 Whittier Narrows (moment magnitude [M-w] 6.0) earthquake and extends for more than 40 km along strike beneath the northern Los Angeles basin. The PHT comprises three, north-dipping ramp segments that are overlain by contractional fault-related folds. Based on an analysis of these folds, we produce Quaternary slip profiles along each ramp segment. The fault geometry and slip patterns indicate that segments of the PHT are related by soft-linkage boundaries, where the fault ramps are en echelon and displacements are gradually transferred from one segment to the next. Average Quaternary slip rates on the ramp segments range from 0.44 to 1.7 mm/yr, with preferred rates between 0.62 and 1.28 mm/yr. Using empirical relations among rupture area, magnitude, and coseismic displacement, we estimate the magnitude and frequency of single (M-w 6.5-6.6) and multisegment (M-w 7.1) rupture scenarios for the PHT. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Shaw, JH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 37 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 2946 EP 2960 DI 10.1785/0120010291 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647AX UT WOS:000181070000005 ER PT J AU Brown, LT Boore, DM Stokoe, KH AF Brown, LT Boore, DM Stokoe, KH TI Comparison of shear-wave slowness profiles at 10 strong-motion sites from noninvasive SASW measurements and measurements made in boreholes SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method is a relatively new in situ method for determining shear-wave slownesses. All measurements are made on the ground surface, making it much less costly than methods that require boreholes. The SASW method uses a number of active sources (ranging from a commercial Vibroseis truck to a small handheld hammer for the study conducted here) and different receiver spacings to map a curve of apparent phase velocity versus frequency. With the simplifying assumption that the phase velocities correspond to fundamental mode surface waves, forward modeling yields an estimate of the subsurface shear-wave slownesses. To establish the reliability of this indirect technique, we conducted a blind evaluation of the SASW method. SASW testing was performed at 10 strong-motion stations at which borehole seismic measurements were previously or subsequently made; if previously made, the borehole results were not used for the interpretation of the SASW data, and vice-versa. Comparisons of the shear-wave slownesses from the SASW and borehole measurements are generally very good. The differences in predicted ground-motion amplifications are less than about 15% for most frequencies. In addition, both methods gave the same NEHRP site classification for seven of the sites. For the other three sites the average velocities from the downhole measurements were only 5-13 m/sec larger than the velocity defining the class C/D boundary. This study demonstrates that in many situations the SASW method can provide subsurface information suitable for site response predictions. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Brown, LT (reprint author), Phillips Petr Co, 680-B Plaza Off Bldg, Bartlesville, OK 74004 USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3116 EP 3133 DI 10.1785/0120020030 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647AX UT WOS:000181070000016 ER PT J AU Baher, S Davis, PM Fuis, G AF Baher, S Davis, PM Fuis, G TI Separation of site effects and structural focusing in Santa Monica, California: A study of high-frequency weak motions from earthquakes and blasts recorded during the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE; CODA WAVES; AMPLIFICATION; DAMAGE; AREA AB Near-surface site factors and the effects of deep structural focusing were estimated in the Santa Monica Mountains and Santa Monica, California, from a portable array of 75 seismic stations deployed during the Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment, Phase II(LARSE II). The objective was to examine further the origin of seismic wave amplification in the region of intense damage south of the Santa Monica Fault from the Northridge earthquake. The analysis used normalized spectral amplitudes in the 4- to 8- and 8- to 12-Hz range in direct and coda waves from local earthquakes in Santa Paula, Northridge, Redlands, and Hector Mine. Coda waves indicated that site factor amplifications are larger south of the Santa Monica fault relative to the north. Spectral ratios of direct S waves, corrected for site effects, show additional amplification south of, and adjacent to, the Santa Monica fault, attributable to focusing by a deeper structure. Gao et al. (1996) concluded that localized focusing effects contributed to anomalous P- and S-wave amplification in the Santa Monica damage zone for Northridge aftershocks within a specified range of azimuths. In an attempt to reproduce the hypothesized focusing from the Northridge earthquake, two shots (4000 and 3750 lb.) were detonated, one at Pyramid Lake, a distance of about 69 km to the north-northwest of central Santa Monica, and the other near Fort Tejon, a distance of 91 km. The azimuth of the shots was chosen to be that expected to give anomalous amplification. At these distances steeply incident seismic energy from Pg/PmP waves are expected to pass through the underground focusing structure and be selectively amplified. After the local site factors are removed, the waveforms from the Fort Tejon shot exhibited localized amplification adjacent to and south of the fault, 2-3 times larger than that of the surrounding area. The effect is less for waves from the Pyramid Lake shot, which could be due to their higher angle of incidence. The observations lend support to the argument that deep structural focusing is an important factor in determining azimuth-dependent amplification of seismic waves along a basin edge. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 91425 USA. RP Baher, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Davis, Paul/E-7151-2012; OI Fuis, Gary/0000-0002-3078-1544 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3134 EP 3151 DI 10.1785/0120010168 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647AX UT WOS:000181070000017 ER PT J AU Harp, EL Jibson, RW AF Harp, EL Jibson, RW TI Anomalous concentrations of seismically triggered rock falls in Pacoima Canyon: Are they caused by highly susceptible slopes or local amplification of seismic shaking? SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GROUND MOTION; CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; TOPOGRAPHY AB Anomalously high concentrations of rock falls were triggered in Pacoima Canyon (Los Angeles, California) during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Similar concentrations were also documented from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Using an engineering rock-mass classification that evaluates the susceptibility of rock slopes to seismic failure based on the fracture properties of a rock mass (in terms of a numerical "Q-value" that describes rock quality), the rock slopes in Pacoima Canyon were compared with rock slopes in surrounding areas where topography and lithology are similar, but rock-fall concentrations from the earthquakes were much lower. A statistical comparison of Q-values from five sites surrounding Pacoima Canyon indicates that seismic susceptibilities are similar to those within Pacoima Canyon; differences in the characteristics of rock slopes between these sites are not sufficient to account for the relatively high concentrations of rock falls within Pacoima Canyon as compared to low concentrations elsewhere. By eliminating susceptibility differences as a cause, the most likely explanation for the differences in rock-fall concentrations is anomalously high shaking levels in Pacoima Canyon, possibly resulting from topographic amplification within the canyon. C1 USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Harp, EL (reprint author), USGS, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3180 EP 3189 DI 10.1785/0120010171 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647AX UT WOS:000181070000020 ER PT J AU Bakun, WH Haugerud, RA Hopper, MG Ludwin, RS AF Bakun, WH Haugerud, RA Hopper, MG Ludwin, RS TI The December 1872 Washington State earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LATE QUATERNARY DEFORMATION; SOUTH-CENTRAL WASHINGTON; 1983 BORAH-PEAK; SOURCE PARAMETERS; PUGET-SOUND; SADDLE MOUNTAINS; MAGNITUDE SCALE; INTENSITY DATA; CALIFORNIA; CASCADIA AB The largest historical earthquake in eastern Washington occurred on 15 December 1872. We used Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) assignments for 12 twentieth-century earthquakes to determine attenuation relations for different regions in the Pacific Northwest. MMI attenuation for propagation paths east and west of the Cascade Mountains differs significantly only for epicentral distances greater than about 225 km. We used these attenuation relations and the MMI assignments for the 15 December 1872 earthquake to conclude that its epicentral region was east of the Cascade Mountains near Lake Chelan, Washington, and most probably near the south end of Lake Chelan. The intensity magnitude, M-I, is 6.8 and moment magnitude, M, is 6.5-7.0 at the 95% confidence level. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 74 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3239 EP 3258 DI 10.1785/0120010274 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647AX UT WOS:000181070000024 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Martin, S AF Hough, SE Martin, S TI Magnitude estimates of two large aftershocks of the 16 December 1811 New Madrid earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS; SEISMIC MOMENT ASSESSMENT; DEFORMATION AB The three principal New Madrid mainshocks of 1811-1812 were followed by extensive aftershock sequences that included numerous felt events. Although no instrumental data are available for either the mainshocks or the aftershocks, available historical accounts do provide information that can be used to estimate magnitudes and locations for the large events. In this article we investigate two of the largest aftershocks: one near dawn following the first mainshock on 16 December 1811, and one near midday on 17 December 1811. We reinterpret original felt reports to obtain a set of 48 and 20 modified Mercalli intensity values of the two aftershocks, respectively. For the dawn aftershock, we infer a M-W of approximately 7.0 based on a comparison of its intensities with those of the smallest New Madrid mainshock. Based on a detailed account that appears to describe near-field ground motions, we further propose a new fault rupture scenario for the dawn aftershock. We suggest that the aftershock had a thrust mechanism and occurred on a southeastern limb of the Reelfoot fault. For the 17 December 1811 aftershock, we infer a M-W of approximately 6.1 +/- 0.2. This value is determined using the method of Bakun et al. (2002), which is based on a new calibration of intensity versus distance for earthquakes in central and eastern North America. The location of this event is not well constrained, but the available accounts suggest an epicenter beyond the southern end of the New Madrid Seismic Zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Fergusson Coll, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 S Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013 OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 8 BP 3259 EP 3268 DI 10.1785/0120010226 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 647AX UT WOS:000181070000025 ER PT J AU Nye, CJ Keith, TEC Eichelberger, JC Miller, TP McNutt, SR Moran, S Schneider, DJ Dehn, J Schaefer, JR AF Nye, CJ Keith, TEC Eichelberger, JC Miller, TP McNutt, SR Moran, S Schneider, DJ Dehn, J Schaefer, JR TI The 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska: monitoring a distant eruption SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleutians; eruption chronology; Shishaldin 1999 eruption; volcano monitoring; volcano remote sensing; volcano seismology AB Shishaldin Volcano, in the central Aleutian volcanic arc, became seismically restless during the summer of 1998. Increasing unrest was monitored using a newly installed seismic network, weather satellites, and rare local visual observations. The unrest culminated in large eruptions on 19 April and 22-23 April 1999. The opening phase of the 19 April eruption produced a sub-Plinian column that rose to 16 km before rapidly dissipating. About 80 min into the 19 April event we infer that the eruption style transitioned to vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Exceptionally vigorous seismic tremor heralded the 23 April eruption, which produced a large thermal anomaly observable by satellite, but only a modest, 6-km-high plume. There are no ground-based visual observations of this eruption; however we infer that there was renewed, vigorous Strombolian fountaining. Smaller low-level ash-rich plumes were produced through the end of May 1999. The lava that erupted was evolved basalt with about 49% SiO2. Subsequent field investigations have been unable to find a distinction between deposits from each of the two major eruptive episodes. C1 Alaska Div Geol & Geophys SUrveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. USGS, Alaska Volcano OBserv, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Nye, CJ (reprint author), Alaska Div Geol & Geophys SUrveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 794 Univ Ave,Suite 200, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RI Eichelberger, John/H-6199-2016 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 64 IS 8 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0225-2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 628LK UT WOS:000179996300001 ER PT J AU Moran, SC Stihler, SD Power, JA AF Moran, SC Stihler, SD Power, JA TI A tectonic earthquake sequence preceding the April-May 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Aleutian arc; Coulomb stress; mainshock-aftershock sequence; Shishaldin volcano AB On 4 March 1999, a shallow M-L 5.2 earthquake occurred beneath Unimak Island in the Aleutian Arc. This earthquake was located 10-15 kin west of Shishaldin Volcano, a large, frequently active basaltic-andesite stratovolcano. A Strombolian eruption began at Shishaldin roughly 1 month after the mainshock, culminating in a large explosive eruption on 19 April. We address the question of whether or not the eruption caused the mainshock by computing the Coulomb stress change caused by an inflating dike on fault planes oriented parallel to the mainshock focal mechanism. We found Coulomb stress increases of similar to0.1 MPa in the region of the mainshock, suggesting that magma intrusion prior to the eruption could have caused the mainshock. Satellite and seismic data indicate that magma was moving upwards beneath Shishaldin well before the mainshock, indicating that, in an overall sense, the mainshock cannot be said to have caused the eruption. However, observations of changes at the volcano following the mainshock and several large aftershocks suggest that the earthquakes may, in turn, have influenced the course of the eruption. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Moran, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 64 IS 8 BP 520 EP 524 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0226-1 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 628LK UT WOS:000179996300002 ER PT J AU Dehn, J Dean, KG Engle, K Izbekov, P AF Dehn, J Dean, KG Engle, K Izbekov, P TI Thermal precursors in satellite images of the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE advanced very high resolution radiometer; satellite images of volcanoes; Shishaldin volcano; thermal precursor; volcano monitoring ID ACTIVE VOLCANOS; LASCAR VOLCANO; RADIOMETER; STROMBOLI; BUDGETS; VULCANO; EREBUS; SPACE; CHILE; ETNA AB Shishaldin Volcano, Unimak Island Alaska, began showing signs of thermal unrest in satellite images on 9 February 1999. A thermal anomaly and small steam plume were detected at the summit of the volcano in short-wave thermal infrared AVHRR (advanced very high resolution radiometer) satellite data. This was followed by over 2 months of changes in the observed thermal character of the volcano. Initially, the thermal anomaly was only visible when the satellite passed nearly directly over the volcano, suggesting a hot source deep in the central crater obscured from more oblique satellite passes. The "zenith angle" needed to see the anomaly increased with time, presumably as the thermal source rose within the conduit. Based on this change, an ascent rate of ca. 14 m per day for the thermal source was estimated, until it reached the summit on around 21 March. It is thought that Strombolian activity began around this time. The precursory activity culminated in a sub-Plinian eruption on 19 April, ejecting ash to over 45,000 ft. (13,700 m). The thermal energy output through the precursory period was calculated based on geometric constraints unique to Shishaldin. These calculations show fluctuations that can be tied to changes in the eruptive character inferred from seismic records and later geologic studies. The remote location of this volcano made satellite images a necessary observation tool for this eruption. To date, this is the longest thermal precursory activity preceding a sub-Plinian eruption recorded by satellite images in the region. This type of thermal monitoring of remote volcanoes is central in the efforts of the Alaska Volcano Observatory to provide timely warnings of volcanic eruption, and mitigate their associated hazards to air-traffic and local residents. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Dehn, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 64 IS 8 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0227-0 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 628LK UT WOS:000179996300003 ER PT J AU Thompson, G McNutt, SR Tytgat, G AF Thompson, G McNutt, SR Tytgat, G TI Three distinct regimes of volcanic tremor associated with the eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska 1999 SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Shishaldin volcano; volcanic tremor ID HAWAIIAN AB Tremor signals associated with the eruption of Shishaldin Volcano on 19 and 23 April 1999 were the strongest recorded anywhere in the Aleutian Arc by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in its 10-year history. Reduced displacements (D-R) reached 23 cm(2) on 19 April and 43 cm(2) on 23 April. During the activity, DR and spectral data with a frequency resolution of 0.1 Hz were computed and put on the World Wide Web every 10 min. These data are analyzed here. The general temporal patterns of seismicity of these eruption events were similar, but the eruptions and their effects quite different. The 19 April event is known to have culminated in a sub-Plinian phase, which ejected ash to an altitude of 16 km. Despite higher amplitudes and the largest hotspot from satellite data, the 23 April event produced little ash reaching only 6 km altitude. For several hours prior to the sub-Plinian phase on 19 April, tremor with a peak frequency of 1.3 Hz intensified. During the sub-Plinian phase the peak frequency increased to 4-8 Hz. However, in 15 h after the eruption, three episodes of stronger tremor occurred with a lower 1.0-14z peak, alternating with weaker tremor with a 1.3-Hz peak. These transitions correspond to D-R=similar to8 cm(2). Although these strong tremor episodes produced higher DR levels than the sub-Plinian phase, data from a pressure sensor show that only strong Strombolian explosions occurred. The suite of observations suggests three distinct tremor regimes that may correspond to slug flow, bubbly flow, and sustained strong eruptions, or a cyclic change in source parameters (e.g., geometry, sound speed, or ascent rate). This behavior occurred at Shishaldin only during the April 1999 sequence, and we are not aware of similar behavior at other volcanoes. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Montserrat Volcano Observ, Montserrat, W Ind Assoc St. RP McNutt, SR (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 64 IS 8 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0228-z PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 628LK UT WOS:000179996300004 ER PT J AU Stelling, P Beget, J Nye, C Gardner, J Devine, JD George, RMM AF Stelling, P Beget, J Nye, C Gardner, J Devine, JD George, RMM TI Geology and petrology of ejecta from the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shishaldin 1999 eruption; Aleutiansa; basaltic sub-plinian eruption; strombolian; debris flow; petrology ID KERMADEC ISLAND-ARC; ETNA VOLCANO; MAGMAS; BENEATH; SULFUR; FLOW AB Shishaldin Volcano erupted repeatedly during April and May 1999, with major eruptive events on 19 April and 23 April. Tephra deposits >20 cm thick were distributed across the southern flanks and hyperconcentrated debris flows ran down the northern slope. All analyzed clasts were basaltic in composition, with abundant (similar to29 vol%) phenocrysts of plagioclase, olivine, and magnetite. Glass-inclusion analyses indicate low volatile contents (<1.5 wt%), oxygen fugacity of NNO+1, and highly variable S levels ranging from near saturation to highly undersaturated (>900 to 58 ppm, respectively). Comparisons of sulfur contents in glass inclusions and groundmass glasses suggest significant degassing occurred even prior to eruption. Trace-element studies suggest that the magma reservoir below Shishaldin may not be a closed, long-lived chamber, and U-Th-Ra isotopic analyses indicate short crustal residence times (on the order of at most a few thousand years) for the 1999 products. Comparison of the deposits from this eruption with other similarly sized eruptions suggests the 19 April explosive event should be classified as a sub-Plinian basaltic eruption. Such eruptions are rare. The 19 April explosive event was the largest at Shisbaldin during the last 175 years. However, the petrology, chemistry and deposit thickness and distribution resemble those of at least 11 scoria deposits in the last 9,000 years, suggesting that this type of eruption is common for Shishaldin. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Stelling, P (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Gardner, James/H-1713-2011 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 64 IS 8 BP 548 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0229-y PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 628LK UT WOS:000179996300005 ER PT J AU Chang, CCY Kendall, C Silva, SR Battaglin, WA Campbell, DH AF Chang, CCY Kendall, C Silva, SR Battaglin, WA Campbell, DH TI Nitrate stable isotopes: tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ISOTOPES; DENITRIFICATION; AQUIFER; ORIGIN; OXYGEN; WATERS; N-15 AB A study was conducted to determine whether NO3- stable isotopes (delta(15)N and 8180), at natural abundance levels,. could discriminate among NO3- sources from sites with different land uses at the basin scale. Water samples were collected from 24 sites in the Mississippi River Basin from five land-use categories: (1) large river basins (>34 590 km(2)) draining multiple land uses and smaller basins in which the predominant land use was (2) urban, (3) undeveloped, (4) crops, or (5) crops and livestock. Our data suggest that riverine nitrates from different land uses have overlapping but moderately distinct isotopic signatures. delta(18)O data were critical in showing abrupt changes in NO3- source with discharge. The isotopic values of large rivers resembled crop sites, sites with livestock tended to have delta(15)N values characteristic of manure, and urban sites tended to have high delta(18)O values characteristic of atmospheric nitrate. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Chang, CCY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 26 TC 84 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1874 EP 1885 DI 10.1139/F02-153 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 642PB UT WOS:000180811800004 ER PT J AU Bisbal, GA AF Bisbal, GA TI The best available science for the management of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River Basin SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; KNOWLEDGE AB Reference to the "best available science" is popular among administrators and scientists responsible for the management of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. Regional recovery documents explicitly call for the consideration of the best available science during the formulation of policies, but they fail to elaborate on what this phrase means. In the absence of such clarification, the definition of what counts as science, how to recognize the best science from the rest, and a determination of how much of it is available invites a wide array of interpretations. Two possible remedies are proposed to alleviate this ambiguity. The first is to leave this phrase intact, but also to append an explicit definition of what each term means. This should establish sideboards for what is acceptable when compiling scientific information. The second remedy is to discontinue the impulsive use of the phrase best available science and select alternative language that more accurately reflects legislative intent. This refinement process will naturally result in other phrases tailored to the specific preferences and requirements of each situation. A decision to accept any of these alternatives may profoundly affect how science influences the management of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, Portland, OR 97266 USA. RP Bisbal, GA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Fish & Wildlife Off, 2600 SE 98th Ave,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97266 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1952 EP 1959 DI 10.1139/F02-157 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 642PB UT WOS:000180811800011 ER PT J AU Triplehorn, DM Bohor, BF Betterton, WJ AF Triplehorn, DM Bohor, BF Betterton, WJ TI Chemical disaggregation of kaolinitic claystones (tonsteins and flint clays) SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE disaggregation; DMSO; flint clay; hydrazine monohydrate; kaolinitic claystone; tonstein AB The coarse, non-clay fraction of many flint-like kaolinitic claystones often contains mineral grains diagnostic of the claystone s origin and, in the case of tonsteins (altered volcanic ashes), may also provide minerals suitable for radiometric dating. Separation of the non-clay mineral fraction is often difficult because flint clays and flint-like clays resist slaking in water and thus are difficult to disaggregate. Chemical disaggregation of resistant kaolinitic claystones may be achieved by immersion in either hydrazine monohydrate or DMSO for periods ranging from one day to several weeks. Generally, hydrazine monohydrate works more quickly and efficiently than DMSO to disaggregate most kaolinitic claystones and flint clays. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Betterton, WJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 766 EP 770 DI 10.1346/000986002762090164 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 628DT UT WOS:000179977900008 ER PT J AU Thorgaard, GH Bailey, GS Williams, D Buhler, DR Kaattari, SL Ristow, SS Hansen, JD Winton, JR Bartholomew, JL Nagler, JJ Walsh, PJ Vijayan, MM Devlin, RH Hardy, RW Overturf, KE Young, WP Robison, BD Rexroad, C Palti, Y AF Thorgaard, GH Bailey, GS Williams, D Buhler, DR Kaattari, SL Ristow, SS Hansen, JD Winton, JR Bartholomew, JL Nagler, JJ Walsh, PJ Vijayan, MM Devlin, RH Hardy, RW Overturf, KE Young, WP Robison, BD Rexroad, C Palti, Y TI Status and opportunities for genomics research with rainbow trout SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carcinogenesis; fish; genetics; genomics; immunology; nutrition; Oncorhynchus mykiss; physiology; rainbow trout; toxicology ID MHC CLASS-I; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CYTO-TOXIC CELLS; INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM AB The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely studied of model fish species. Extensive basic biological information has been collected for this species, which because of their large size relative to other model fish species are particularly suitable for studies requiring ample quantities of specific cells and tissue types. Rainbow trout have been widely utilized for research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. They are distinctive in having evolved from a relatively recent tetraploid event, resulting in a high incidence of duplicated genes. Natural populations are available and have been well characterized for chromosomal, protein, molecular and quantitative genetic variation. Their ease of culture, and experimental and aquacultural significance has led to the development of clonal lines and the widespread application of transgenic technology to this species. Numerous microsatellites have been isolated and two relatively detailed genetic maps have been developed. Extensive sequencing of expressed sequence tags has begun and four BAC libraries have been developed. The development and analysis of additional genomic sequence data will provide distinctive opportunities to address problems in areas such as evolution of the immune system and duplicate genes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Washington State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Columbus Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Sci Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. USDA ARS, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Thorgaard, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thorglab@wsu.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00210, ES03850, ES05705] NR 357 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 133 IS 4 BP 609 EP 646 AR PII S1096-4959(02)00167-7 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00167-7 PG 38 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 629BL UT WOS:000180030500015 PM 12470823 ER PT J AU Bakker, KK Naugle, DE Higgins, KF AF Bakker, KK Naugle, DE Higgins, KF TI Incorporating landscape attributes into models for migratory grassland bird conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; AREA SENSITIVITY; PATTERNS AB We evaluated the influence of local and landscape attributes on the occurrence and density of seven passerine species in grasslands (n = 380) throughout eastern South Dakota ( U. S. A.). Landscape composition and land cover were quantified at three spatial scales: 400-, 800-, and 1600- m radii from the transect center. Separate habitat models were generated for mixed-grass and tallgrass prairie regions to depict the way birds respond to geographic variation in local and landscape structure. Sedge Wrens ( Cistothorus platensis) and Clay-colored Sparrows ( Spizella pallida) in the mixed-grass and tallgrass regions used both large and small patches if they were embedded in a landscape with a high proportion of grassland habitat. Occupancy rates for these species were higher in small patches within landscapes with high grassland abundance than in large patches within low grassland landscapes. Grasshopper Sparrows ( Ammodramus savannarum) and Dick-cissels ( Spiza americana) in the mixed-grass region and Savannah Sparrows ( Passerculus sandwichensis) in the tallgrass region were area-sensitive species that used large grassland patches regardless of landscape configuration. The occurrence of Savannah Sparrows in both regions and Sedge Wrens, Grasshopper Sparrows, and Western Meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta) in the mixed-grass region was negatively associated with an increase in patch edges with trees. Explained variation in density estimates was associated only with local patch and vegetation variables. Individual species demonstrated scale-dependent differences in the way they perceived habitat and in their response to regional landscape structure. These findings provide evidence that results from one region may not be extrapolated to others because they may vary with species distribution, vegetation structure, and landscape composition. Assessments of regional grassland bird habitat must be conducted at multiple scales because some species respond only to local conditions within grasslands, whereas others respond to habitat structure at landscape scales. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. S Dakota State Univ, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Bakker, KK (reprint author), Dakota State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, 820 N Washington Ave, Madison, SD 57042 USA. NR 33 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1638 EP 1646 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01328.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618LT UT WOS:000179420100025 ER PT J AU Bock, CE Vierling, KT Haire, SL Boone, JD Merkle, WW AF Bock, CE Vierling, KT Haire, SL Boone, JD Merkle, WW TI Patterns of rodent abundance on open-space grasslands in relation to suburban edges SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE CONTEXT; URBAN GRADIENT; MICROTUS; CALIFORNIA; PREDATION; RESPONSES; MAMMALS; PATCH; CATS AB Relatively little is known about the response of grassland rodent populations to urban and suburban edges. We live-trapped rodents for three summers on 65 3.1-ha grassland plots on open space of the city of Boulder, Colorado, and compared capture rates among species according to habitat type, percentage of the 40 ha surrounding each plot that was suburbanized, and proximity to a suburban edge. Deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) and hispid pocket mice (Chaetodipus hispidus) were more abundant on interior than on edge plots in mixed grasslands, whereas prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster) were captured more often on interior than on edge plots in tallgrass/hayfields. House mouse (Mus musculus) abundance did not differ between edge and interior plots. Native rodents as a group were captured more often on interior than on edge plots in both habitat types. For each native species, plots with the highest capture rates were in landscapes <10% suburbanized. We conclude that proximity to suburban landscapes had a strongly negative effect on the abundance of native rodents in open-space grasslands. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Bock, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carl.bock@colorado.edu RI Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1658 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01291.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618LT UT WOS:000179420100027 ER PT J AU Bissonette, JA Storch, I AF Bissonette, JA Storch, I TI Fragmentation: Is the message clear? SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; RESPONSES; COMMUNITY AB In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the fundamental problems arising from the inherent complexity of larger-scale ecological systems. We examine the tenuous assumption of a direct correspondence between ecological data and theory, we comment on a recent report that evaluated the efficacy of fragmentation experiments, and we briefly assess its implications for ecological research and conservation practice on the landscape scale. C1 US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Tech Univ Munich, Wildlife Res & Management Unit, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Bissonette, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RI Storch, Ilse/G-6328-2012 NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 6 IS 2 AR 14 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735TH UT WOS:000186130300017 ER PT J AU Christopher, RA Prowell, DC AF Christopher, RA Prowell, DC TI A palynological biozonation for the Maastrichtian Stage (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA SO CRETACEOUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maastrichtian; palynology; biostratigraphy; taxonomy; South Carolina; Coastal Plain AB Three palynological biozones are proposed for the Maastrichtian Stage of South Carolina. In ascending stratigraphic order, the biozones are the Carolinapollis triangularis (Ct) Interval Biozone, the Holkopollenites chemardensis (Hc) Interval Biozone, and the Sparganiaceaepollenites uniformis (Su) Interval Biozone. Integration of the biostratigraphy with lithologic and geophysical log data suggests that within the study area, the upper and lower boundaries of each zone are bounded by regional unconformities, and that a three-fold subdivision of the Maastrichtian Stage is warranted. The biozonation is based on the analysis of 114 samples from 24 subsurface and three outcrop sections from the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, samples from an additional seven subsurface and 18 outcrop sections from North Carolina and Georgia were examined to evaluate the geographic extent of the biozones. One new genus and five new species of pollen are described, and emendations are presented for two genera and one species of pollen. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Geol Survey, Peachtree Business Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Christopher, RA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 91 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6671 J9 CRETACEOUS RES JI Cretac. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 639 EP 669 DI 10.1006/cres.2002.1029 PG 31 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 692RD UT WOS:000183673300001 ER PT J AU Osmundson, DB Ryel, RJ Lamarra, VL Pitlick, J AF Osmundson, DB Ryel, RJ Lamarra, VL Pitlick, J TI Flow-sediment-biota relations: Implications for river regulation effects on native fish abundance SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; Colorado pikeminnow; Colorado River; fish distribution; flow regime; foodweb; interdisciplinary research; natural-flow-regime paradigm; Ptychocheilus lucius; river regulation; river restoration; sediment ID UPPER COLORADO RIVER; NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; GREEN-RIVER; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HABITAT; FOOD; SQUAWFISH; MANAGEMENT; UTAH; GEOMORPHOLOGY AB Alteration of natural flow regimes by river regulation affects fish distribution and assemblage, structure, but causative pathways are not always direct and may go unrecognized. The Colorado River population of the endangered Colorado pikeminnow, Ptychocheilus lucius, suffers from low rates of recruitment and reduced carrying capacity. We hypothesized that availability of prey fish for this large-bodied native piscivore may, in part, be limited by reduced standing crops of periphyton and macroinvertebrates resulting from accumulation of fine sediment in the riverbed. We stratified the 373-km-long study area into 11 strata and sampled various physical and biological parameters in runs and riffles of three randomly selected 1- to 3-km-long study reaches in each stratum during base flows of spring and fall 1994-1995. Significant correlations were found between biomass of both chlorophyll a and macroinvertebrates and various physical metrics that described the degree of fine sediment accumulation in gravel-cobble substrates. Riffles were relatively free of fine sediment throughout the study area, but substrates of runs contained progressively more fine sediments with distance downstream. There was a corresponding longitudinal change in biota along the river continuum with greatest biomass of fish, invertebrates, and periphyton upstream. Adult pikeminnow were concentrated in upstream strata where potential prey fishes were most abundant. We suggest that fine-sediment effects on biota have increased in recent years as a result of river regulation. Historically, spring snowmelt frequently produced flows with magnitudes sufficient to mobilize the bed and winnow silt and sand from coarse substrates. Following regulation, the mean recurrence interval of such flows lengthened from 1.3-2.7 yr (depending on the stratum) to 2.7-13.5 yr, extending he duration of fine sediment accumulation and potentially depressing biotic production. Our results describe and help explain the spatial distribution of the Colorado River fish community and establish a link between flow, sediment, and the riverine food web supporting the community's top predator. To maintain intact native fish communities in this and other river basins, managers need to identify functional aspects of the natural hydrograph and incorporate these findings into river restoration efforts. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, Grand Junct, CO 81506 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Ecosyst Res Inst, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Osmundson, DB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Colorado River Fishery Project, 764 Horizon Dr,Bldg B, Grand Junct, CO 81506 USA. RI Ryel, Ronald/A-3422-2008 NR 79 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1719 EP 1739 DI 10.2307/3099934 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628HD UT WOS:000179986700013 ER PT J AU Kendall, WL Nichols, JD AF Kendall, WL Nichols, JD TI Estimating state-transition probabilities for unobservable states using capture-recapture/resighting data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture models; deterministic transitions; model constraints; multi-state models; nonbreeders; robust design; temporary emigration; unobservable state ID POLLOCKS ROBUST DESIGN; RECAPTURE DATA; BREEDING PROBABILITIES; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; BAND-RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; RATES; MOVEMENT; PROPORTIONS AB Temporary emigration was identified some time ago as causing potential problems in capture-recapture studies, and in the last five years approaches have been developed for dealing with special cases of this general problem. Temporary emigration can be viewed more generally as involving transitions to and from an unobservable state, and frequently the state itself is one of biological interest (e.g., "nonbreeder"). Development of models that permit estimation of relevant parameters in the presence of an unobservable state requires either extra information (e.g., as supplied by Pollock's robust design) or the following classes of model constraints: reducing the order of Markovian transition probabilities, imposing a degree of determinism on transition probabilities, removing state specificity of survival probabilities, and imposing temporal constancy of parameters. The objective of the work described in this paper is to investigate estimability of model parameters under a variety of models that include an unobservable state. Beginning with a very general model and no extra information, we used numerical methods to systematically investigate the use of ancillary information and constraints to yield models that are useful for estimation. The result is a catalog of models for which estimation is possible. An example analysis of sea turtle capture-recapture data under two different models showed similar point estimates but increased precision for the model that incorporated ancillary data (the robust design) when compared to the model with deterministic transitions only. This comparison and the results of our numerical investigation of model structures lead to design suggestions for capture-recapture studies in the presence of an unobservable state. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Kendall, WL (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 46 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 12 BP 3276 EP 3284 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634AQ UT WOS:000180318200005 ER PT J AU Link, WA Doherty, PF AF Link, WA Doherty, PF TI Scaling in sensitivity analysis SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE management decisions; prospective analyses for; Orcinus orca; parameter transformations; population matrix models; sensitivity analysis ID PERTURBATION ANALYSIS; ELASTICITY ANALYSES; POPULATION-MODEL; LIFE-HISTORIES; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; RECOVERY AB Population matrix models,allow sets of demographic parameters to be summarized by a single value lambda, the finite rate of population increase. The consequences of change in individual demographic parameters are naturally measured by the corresponding changes in lambda; sensitivity analyses compare demographic parameters on the basis of these changes. These comparisons are complicated by issues of scale. Elasticity analysis, attempts to deal with issues of scale by comparing the effects of proportional changes in demographic parameters, but leads to inconsistencies in evaluating demographic rates. We discuss this and other problems of scaling in sensitivity analysis, and suggest a simple criterion for choosing appropriate scales. We apply our suggestions to data for the killer whale, Orcinus orca. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Link, WA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 12 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 12 BP 3299 EP 3305 DI 10.2307/3072080 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634AQ UT WOS:000180318200007 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, SJ White, GC Knopf, FL AF Dinsmore, SJ White, GC Knopf, FL TI Advanced techniques for modeling avian nest survival SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charadrius montanus; Montana; Mountain Plover; nest survival; nesting success; program MARK ID SUCCESS; RATES; BIRDS; HETEROGENEITY; SEX AB Estimation of avian nest survival has traditionally involved simple measures of apparent nest survival or Mayfield constant-nest-survival models. However, these methods do not allow researchers to build models that rigorously assess the importance of a wide range of biological factors that affect nest survival. Models that incorporate greater detail, such as temporal variation in nest survival and covariates representative of individual nests represent a substantial improvement over traditional estimation methods. In an attempt to improve nest survival estimation procedures, we introduce the nest survival model now available in the program MARK and demonstrate its use on a nesting study of Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus Townsend) in Montana, USA. We modeled the daily survival of Mountain Plover nests as a function of the sex of the incubating adult, nest age, year, linear and quadratic time trends, and two weather covariates (maximum daily temperature and daily precipitation) during a six-year study (1995-2000). We found no evidence for yearly differences or an effect of maximum daily temperature on the daily nest survival of Mountain Plovers. Survival rates of nests tended by female and male plovers differed (female rate = 0.33; male rate = 0.49). The estimate of the additive effect for males on nest survival rate was 0.37 (95% confidence limits were 0.03, 0.71) on a logit scale. Daily survival rates of-nests increased with nest age; the estimate of daily nest-age change in survival in the best model was 0.06 (95% confidence limits were 0.04, 0.09) on a logit scale. Daily precipitation decreased the probability that the nest would survive to the next day; the estimate of the additive effect of daily precipitation on the nest survival rate was -1.08 (95% confidence limits were -2.12, -0.13) on a logit scale. Our approach to modeling daily nest-survival rates allowed several biological factors of interest to be easily included in nest survival models and allowed us to generate more biologically meaningful estimates of nest survival. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dinsmore, SJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 32 TC 469 Z9 483 U1 14 U2 98 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 12 BP 3476 EP 3488 DI 10.2307/3072096 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 634AQ UT WOS:000180318200023 ER PT J AU Hui, CA AF Hui, CA TI Lead burdens and behavioral impairments of the lined shore crab Pachygrapsus crassipes SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead; crabs; behavior; avian predators; wetlands ID ANTIPREDATORY BEHAVIOR; HEAVY-METALS; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; SHELL AB Sublethal burdens of lead impair behaviors critical to survival in a variety of animals. In a test arena, I measured refuge-seeking behaviors of adult, male, lined shore crabs from lead-free and lead-contaminated sites. The body sizes of the test groups did not differ although the mean total body lead burdens differed by over 2,300%. A lead-contaminated environment does not appear to affect growth. Each of the 31 crabs had at least six trials in the arena. The fraction of trials with more than one pause, number of pauses per trial, mean time per pause, and the fraction of time a crab spent in pauses did not differ between groups. The absence of behavioral effects of the lead burdens may be because a large portion of the lead burden was sequestered in the carapace. The neurological and other soft tissues would than have lower levels of lead. Predators that ingest primarily soft tissues would have little exposure to the lead burden of these crabs. Those that also ingest the carapace may benefit from its high calcium content that inhibits lead uptake from the gut, regardless of the location of lead in the crab body. C1 Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hui, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, US Geol Survey, 278 Kerr Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 6 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1023/A:1021049016604 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 614HD UT WOS:000179181500002 PM 12521138 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Zhuang, P Zhang, LZ Zhang, T Zhang, Z AF Kynard, B Zhuang, P Zhang, LZ Zhang, T Zhang, Z TI Ontogenetic behavior and migration of Volga River Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, with a note on adaptive significance of body color SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE sturgeon habitat; early life history; dispersal; Acipenseriformes; sturgeon biogeography ID SHORTNOSE STURGEON; LIFE-HISTORY; BREVIROSTRUM; FISHES AB We conducted laboratory experiments with Volga River Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, to develop a conceptual model of early behavior. We daily observed fish from day-0 ( embryos, first life interval after hatching) to day-29 feeding larvae for preference of bright habitat and cover, swimming distance above the bottom, up- and downstream movement, and diel activity. Hatchling embryos initiated a downstream migration, which suggests that predation risk of embryos at spawning sites is high. Migration peaked on days 0-5 and ceased on day 7 (8-day migration). Migrants preferred bright, open habitat and early migrants swam-up far above the bottom ( maximum daily median, 140 cm) in a vertical swim tube. Post-migrant embryos did not prefer bright illumination but continued to prefer white substrate, increased use of cover habitat, and swam on the bottom. Larvae initiated feeding on day 10 after 170.6 cumulative temperature degree-days. Larvae did not migrate, weakly preferred bright illumination, preferred white substrate and open habitat, and swam near the bottom ( daily median 5-78 cm). The lack of a strong preference by larvae for bright illumination suggests foraging relies more on olfaction than vision for locating prey. A short migration by embryos would disperse wild sturgeon from a spawning area, but larvae did not migrate, so a second later migration by juveniles disperses young sturgeon to the sea (2-step migration). Embryo and larva body color was light tan and tail color was black. The migration, behavior, and light body color of Russian sturgeon embryos was similar to species of Acipenser and Scaphirhynchus in North America and to Acipenser in Asia that migrate after hatching as embryos. The similarity in migration style and body color among species with diverse phylogenies likely reflects convergence for common adaptations across biogeographic regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jinzhou 434000, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 411 EP 421 DI 10.1023/A:1021121900207 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 617NA UT WOS:000179366700005 ER PT J AU Steneck, RS Graham, MH Bourque, BJ Corbett, D Erlandson, JM Estes, JA Tegner, MJ AF Steneck, RS Graham, MH Bourque, BJ Corbett, D Erlandson, JM Estes, JA Tegner, MJ TI Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Review DE apex predators; biodiversity; herbivory; human interactions; kelp forests; trophic cascades ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUP APPROACH; EASTERN NEW-ZEALAND; SEA-URCHINS; MACROCYSTIS-PYRIFERA; GIANT-KELP; LAMINARIA-LONGICRURIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MACROALGAL ASSEMBLAGES AB Kelp forests are phyletically diverse, structurally complex and highly productive components of cold-water rocky marine coastlines. This paper reviews the conditions in which kelp forests develop globally and where, why and at what rate they become deforested. The ecology and long archaeological history of kelp forests are examined through case studies from southern California, the Aleutian Islands and the western North Atlantic, well-studied locations that represent the widest possible range in kelp forest biodiversity. Global distribution of kelp forests is physiologically constrained by light at high latitudes and by nutrients, warm temperatures and other macrophytes at low latitudes. Within mid-latitude belts (roughly 40-60degrees latitude in both hemispheres) well-developed kelp forests are most threatened by herbivory, usually from sea urchins. Overfishing and extirpation of highly valued vertebrate apex predators often triggered herbivore population increases, leading to widespread kelp deforestation. Such deforestations have the most profound and lasting impacts on species-depauperate systems, such as those in Alaska and the western North Atlantic. Globally urchin-induced deforestation has been increasing over the past 2-3 decades. Continued fishing down of coastal food webs has resulted in shifting harvesting targets from apex predators to their invertebrate prey, including kelp-grazing herbivores. The recent global expansion of sea urchin harvesting has led to the widespread extirpation of this herbivore, and kelp forests have returned in some locations but, for the first time, these forests are devoid of vertebrate apex predators. In the western North Atlantic, large predatory crabs have recently filled this void and they have become the new apex predator in this system. Similar shifts from fish- to crab-dominance may have occurred in coastal zones of the United Kingdom and Japan, where large predatory finfish were extirpated long ago. Three North American case studies of kelp forests were examined to determine their long history with humans and project the status of future kelp forests to the year 2025. Fishing impacts on kelp forest systems have been both profound and much longer in duration than previously thought. Archaeological data suggest that coastal peoples exploited kelp forest organisms for thousands of years, occasionally resulting in localized losses of apex predators, outbreaks of sea urchin populations and probably small-scale deforestation. Over the past two centuries, commercial exploitation for export led to the extirpation of sea urchin predators, such as the sea otter in the North Pacific and predatory fishes like the cod in the North Atlantic. The largescale removal of predators for export markets increased sea urchin abundances and promoted the decline of kelp forests over vast areas. Despite southern California having one of the longest known associations with coastal kelp forests, widespread deforestation is rare. It is possible that functional redundancies among predators and herbivores make this most diverse system most stable. Such biodiverse kelp forests may also resist invasion from non-native species. In the species-depauperate western North Atlantic, introduced algal competitors carpet the benthos and threaten future kelp dominance. There, other non-native herbivores and predators have become established and dominant components of this system. Climate changes have had measurable impacts on kelp forest ecosystems and efforts to control the emission of greenhouse gasses should be a global priority. However, overfishing appears to be the greatest manageable threat to kelp forest ecosystems over the 2025 time horizon. Management should focus on minimizing fishing impacts and restoring populations of functionally important species in these systems. C1 Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Bates Coll, Dept Anthropol, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Steneck, RS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. RI s, d/B-2182-2010; reddy, indra/C-5363-2011; Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012; OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 196 TC 582 Z9 596 U1 100 U2 835 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 436 EP 459 DI 10.1017/S0376892902000322 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663XW UT WOS:000182033200004 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Lebrun, RA Heyer, K Zhioua, E AF Ginsberg, HS Lebrun, RA Heyer, K Zhioua, E TI Potential nontarget effects of metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes) used for biological control of ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium anisopliae; pathogenicity; nontarget effects; Hippodamia convergens; Acheta domesticus; Oncopeltus fasciatus ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; FUNGI BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; LYME-DISEASE; METARRHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; NEW-YORK; INFECTION; HOSTS; AGENT; PATHOGEN; HUMIDITY AB The potential for nontarget effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, when used for biological control of ticks, was assessed in laboratory trials. Fungal pathogenicity was studied against convergent ladybird beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, house crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.), and the milkweed bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas). Fungal spores applied with a spray tower produced significant mortality in H. convergens and A. domesticus, but effects on O. fasciatus were marginal. Placing treated insects with untreated individuals resulted in mortality from horizontal transmission to untreated beetles and crickets, but not milkweed bugs. Spread of fungal infection in the beetles resulted in mortality on days 4-10 after treatment, while in crickets mortality was on day 2 after treatment, suggesting different levels of pathogenicity and possibly different modes of transmission. Therefore, M. anisopliae varies in pathogenicity to different insects. Inundative applications can potentially affect nontarget species, but M. anisopliae is already widely distributed in North America, so applications for tick control generally would not introduce a novel pathogen into the environment. Pathogenicity in lab trials does not, by itself, demonstrate activity under natural conditions, so field trials are needed to confirm these results and to assess methods to minimize nontarget exposure. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Invertebrate Pathol, Coastal Field Unit, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Invertebrate Pathol, Coastal Field Unit, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Woodward Hall PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1196 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.6.1191 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 637JF UT WOS:000180507400036 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Conko, KM Hornberger, GM AF Rice, KC Conko, KM Hornberger, GM TI Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, northern Virginia SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-TREATED WOOD; CHROMIUM; CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENT; ELEMENTS; HIGHWAY; DRY AB Mass balances of total arsenic and copper for a suburban lake in densely populated northern Virginia were calculated using data collected during 1998. Mass-balance terms were precipitation; stream inflow, including road runoff; stream outflow; and contributions from leaching of pressure-treated lumber. More mass of arsenic and copper was input to the lake than was output; the 1998 lake-retention rates were 70% for arsenic and 20% for copper, The arsenic mass balance compared well with a calculated annual mass accumulation in the top 1 cm of the lake sediments; however, the calculated contribution of copper to the lake was insufficient to account for the amount of copper in this zone. Leaching experiments were conducted on lumber treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) to quantify approximate amounts of arsenic and copper contributed by this source. Sources to lake sediments included leaching of CCA-treated lumber (arsenic, 50%; copper, 4%), streamwater (arsenic, 50%; copper, 90%), and atmospheric deposition (arsenic, 1%; copper, 3%). Results of this study suggest that CCA-treated lumber and road runoff could be significant nonpoint sources of arsenic and copper, respectively, in suburban catchments. C1 US Geol Survey, MS 432 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB B, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013; OI Conko, Kathryn/0000-0001-6361-4921; Rice, Karen/0000-0002-9356-5443 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 4962 EP 4967 DI 10.1021/es025727x PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623CE UT WOS:000179685000008 PM 12523407 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV Stewart, DJ Miller, MA Masnado, RG AF Madenjian, CP O'Connor, DV Stewart, DJ Miller, MA Masnado, RG TI Field estimate of net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan chinook salmon from their prey SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; FISH; PHOSPHORUS; ACCUMULATION; SIMULATION; TROUT AB Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) has been the predominant piscivore in Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario since the 1970s, and therefore accurate quantification of its energy budget is needed for effective management of Great Lakes fisheries. A new approach of evaluating a fish bioenergetics model in the field involves field estimation of the efficiency with which the fish retains PCBs from its food. We used diet information, PCB determinations in both Chinook salmon and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to generate a field estimate of the efficiency with which Lake Michigan chinook salmon retain PCBs from their food. Our field estimate is the most reliable field estimate to date because (a) the estimate was based on a relatively high number (N = 142) of PCB determinations for chinook salmon from Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan in 1985, (b) a relatively long time series (1978-1988) of detailed observations on chinook salmon diet in Lake Michigan was available, and (c) the estimate incorporated new information from analyses of chinook salmon age and growth during the 1980s and 1990s in Lake Michigan. We estimated that chinook salmon from Lake Michigan retain 53% of the PCBs that are contained within their food. C1 SUNY Coll Oswego, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Wisconcin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Fisheries Management & Habitat Protect, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Wisconcin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Watershed Management, Madison, WI 53703 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 5029 EP 5033 DI 10.1021/es0206036 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623CE UT WOS:000179685000017 PM 12523416 ER PT J AU Hintelmann, H Harris, R Heyes, A Hurley, JP Kelly, CA Krabbenhoft, DP Lindberg, S Rudd, JWM Scott, KJ St Louis, VL AF Hintelmann, H Harris, R Heyes, A Hurley, JP Kelly, CA Krabbenhoft, DP Lindberg, S Rudd, JWM Scott, KJ St Louis, VL TI Reactivity and mobility of new and old mercury deposition in a Boreal forest ecosystem during the first year of the METAALICUS study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; METHYL MERCURY; METHYLMERCURY; ENVIRONMENT; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; ISOTOPES; RUNOFF; CYCLE; LAKE AB The METAALICUS (Mercury Experiment To Assess Atmospheric Loading In Canada and the US) project is a whole ecosystem experiment designed to study the activity, mobility, and availability of atmospherically deposited mercury. To investigate the dynamics of mercury newly deposited onto a terrestrial ecosystem, an enriched stable isotope of mercury (Hg-202) was sprayed onto a Boreal forest subcatchment in an experiment that allowed us, for the first time, to monitor the fate of "new" mercury in deposition and to distinguish it from native mercury historically stored in the ecosystem. Newly deposited mercury was more reactive than the native mercury with respect to volatilization and methylation pathways. Mobility through runoff was very low and strongly decreased with time because of a rapid equilibration with the large native pool of "bound" mercury. Over one season, only similar to8% of the added Hg-202 volatilized to the atmosphere and less than 1% appeared in runoff. Within a few months, approximately 66% of the applied Hg-202 remained associated with above ground vegetation, with the rest being incorporated into soils. The fraction of 202Hg bound to vegetation was much higher than seen for native Hg (<5% vegetation), suggesting that atmospherically derived mercury enters the soil pool with a time delay, after plants senesce and decompose. The initial mobility of mercury received through small rain events or dry deposition decreased markedly in a relatively short time period, suggesting that mercury levels in terrestrial runoff may respond slowly to changes in mercury deposition rates. C1 Tetra Tech Inc, Oakville, ON L6J 4E6, Canada. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Water Resources Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. US Geol Survey WRD, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Sci Biol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Hintelmann, H (reprint author), Trent Univ, Dept Chem, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. EM hhintelmann@trentu.ca RI Hurley, James/A-9216-2010; St. Louis, Vincent/G-6842-2011; Heyes, Andrew/E-5269-2012; St. Louis, Vincent/A-3757-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Guzman Bernardo, Francisco Javier/E-4183-2010; OI Guzman Bernardo, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-2210-8309; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 33 TC 154 Z9 162 U1 10 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 23 BP 5034 EP 5040 DI 10.1021/es025572t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 623CE UT WOS:000179685000018 PM 12523417 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Voit, EO Hansen, LJ Wells, RS Mitchum, GB Hohn, AA Fair, PA AF Schwacke, LH Voit, EO Hansen, LJ Wells, RS Mitchum, GB Hohn, AA Fair, PA TI Probabilistic risk assessment of reproductive effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast United States coast SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; polychlorinated biphenyls; marine mammal; bottlenose dolphin; reproduction ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NOSED DOLPHINS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; FRACTIONS THEREOF; ATLANTIC COAST; PILOT WHALES; SAGINAW BAY AB High levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been reported in the tissues of some species of marine mammals. The high concentrations are of concern because a growing body of experimental evidence links PCBs to deleterious effects on reproduction, endocrine homeostasis, and immune system function. Much of the recent research has focused on determining the exposure of marine mammal populations to PCBs, but very little effort has been devoted to the actual risk assessments that are needed to determine the expected impacts of the documented exposures. We describe a novel risk assessment approach that integrates measured tissue concentrations of PCBs with a surrogate dose-response relationship and leads to predictions of health risks for marine mammals as well as to the uncertainties associated with these predictions. Specifically, we use PCB tissue residue data from three populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), study the feasibility of published dose-response data from a surrogate species, and combine this information to estimate the risk of detrimental reproductive effects in female dolphins. Our risk analyses for dolphin populations near Beaufort (NC, USA), Sarasota (FL, USA). and Matagorda Bay (TX, USA) indicate a high likelihood that reproductive success. primarily in primiparous females, is being severely impaired by chronic exposure to PCBs. Excess risk of reproductive failure, measured in terms of stillbirth or neonatal mortality, for primiparous females was estimated as 60% (Beaufort), 79% (Sarasota), and 78% (Matagorda Bay). Females of higher parity, which have previously off-loaded a majority of their PCB burden, exhibit a much lower risk. C1 Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 78 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 5 U2 30 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2752 EP 2764 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2752:PRAORE>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 616XE UT WOS:000179328100032 PM 12463575 ER PT J AU Reeder, S Plant, JA Smith, DB AF Reeder, S Plant, JA Smith, DB TI IUGS/IAGC working group on global geochemical baselines SO EPISODES LA English DT Article C1 British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr MS 973, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Reeder, S (reprint author), British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI BEIJING PA C/O ACAD GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 6 BAIWANZHUANG RD, PO BOX 823, BEIJING 100037, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0705-3797 J9 EPISODES JI Episodes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 286 EP 287 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 634RR UT WOS:000180354900012 ER PT J AU Luczkovich, JJ Ward, GP Johnson, JC Christian, RR Baird, D Neckles, H Rizzo, WM AF Luczkovich, JJ Ward, GP Johnson, JC Christian, RR Baird, D Neckles, H Rizzo, WM TI Determining the trophic guilds of fishes and macroinvertebrates in a seagrass food web SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE MARINE FISHES; LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; FEEDING ECOLOGY; TAMPA BAY; ECOSYSTEM; FLORIDA; COMMUNITY; HABITS; PISCES; ORGANIZATION AB We established trophic guilds of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa using correspondence analysis and a hierarchical clustering strategy for a seagrass food web in winter in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. To create the diet matrix, we characterized the trophic linkages of macroinvertebrate and fish taxa. present in Hatodule wrightii seagrass habitat areas within the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) using binary data, combining dietary links obtained from relevant literature for macroinvertebrates with stomach analysis of common fishes collected during January and February of 1994. Heirarchical average-linkage cluster analysis of the 73 taxa of fishes and macroinvertebrates in the diet matrix yielded 14 clusters with diet similarity greater than or equal to 0.60. We then used correspondence analysis with three factors to jointly plot the coordinates of the consumers (identified by cluster membership) and of the 33 food sources. Correspondence analysis served as a visualization tool for assigning each taxon to one of eight trophic guilds: herbivores, detritivores, suspension feeders, omnivores, molluscivores, meiobenthos consumers, macrobenthos consumers, and piscivores. These trophic groups, cross-classified with major taxonomic groups, were further used to develop consumer compartments in a network analysis model of carbon flow in this seagrass ecosystem. The method presented here should greatly improve the development of future network models of food webs by providing an objective procedure for aggregating trophic groups. C1 E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Resources, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Sociol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Water Qual, Washington, NC 27889 USA. Univ Port Elizabeth, Dept Zool, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. Univ Missouri, US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Missouri Field Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Luczkovich, JJ (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Resources, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 89 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6A BP 1143 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/BF02692212 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639CZ UT WOS:000180611200009 ER PT J AU Browder, JA Zein-Eldin, Z Criales, MM Robblee, MB Wong, S Jackson, TL Johnson, D AF Browder, JA Zein-Eldin, Z Criales, MM Robblee, MB Wong, S Jackson, TL Johnson, D TI Dynamics of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum) recruitment potential in relation to salinity and temperature in Florida Bay SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID TORTUGAS GROUNDS; PENAEOID SHRIMPS; FLOW PATTERNS; MUD BANKS; EVOLUTION; KEYS; USA; TRANSPORT; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM AB Progress is reported in relating upstream water management and freshwater flow to Florida Bay to a valuable commercial fishery for pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum), which has major nursery grounds in Florida Bay. Changes in freshwater inflow are expected to affect salinity patterns in the bay, so the effect of salinity and temperature on the growth, survival, and subsequent recruitment and harvest of this ecologically and economically important species was examined with laboratory experiments and a simulation model. Experiments were conducted to determine the response of juvenile growth and survival to temperature (15degreesC to 33degreesC) and salinity (2parts per thousand to 55parts per thousand), and results were used to refine an existing model. Results of these experiments indicated that juvenile pink shrimp have a broad salinity tolerance range at their optimal temperature, but the salinity tolerance range narrows with distance from the optimal temperature range, 20-30degreesC. Acclimation improved survival at extreme high salinity (55parts per thousand), but not at extremely low salinity (i.e., 5parts per thousand, 10parts per thousand). Growth rate increases with temperature until tolerance is exceeded beyond about 35degreesC. Growth is optimal in the mid-range of salinity (30parts per thousand) and decreases as salinity increases or decreases. Potential recruitment and harvests from regions of Florida Bay were simulated based on local observed daily temperature and salinity. The simulations predict that potential harvests might differ among years, seasons, and regions of the bay solely on the basis of observed temperature and salinity. Regional differences in other characteristics, such as seagrass cover and tidal transport, may magnify regional differences in potential harvests. The model predicts higher catch rates in the September-December fishery, originating from the April and July settlement cohorts, than in the January-June fishery, originating from the October and January settlement cohorts. The observed density of juveniles in western Florida Bay during the same years simulated by the model was greater in the fall than the spring, supporting modeling results. The observed catch rate in the fishery, a rough index of abundance, was higher in the January-June fishery than the July-December fishery in most of the biological years from 1989-1990 through 1997-1998, contrary to modeling results and observed juvenile density in western Florida Bay. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Miami, FL 33149 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Homestead, FL 33046 USA. RP Browder, JA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM joan.browder@noaa.gov NR 79 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6B BP 1355 EP 1371 DI 10.1007/BF02692230 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 639DB UT WOS:000180611400010 ER PT J AU Remes, V Martin, TE AF Remes, V Martin, TE TI Environmental influences on the evolution of growth and developmental rates in passerines SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE adaptation; aerial foraging; allometry; comparative analysis; development; independent contrasts; nest predation ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; ENERGY ACQUISITION RATES; NEST PREDATION; SIBLING COMPETITION; INTRINSIC GROWTH; ALTRICIAL BIRDS; EUROPEAN BIRDS; INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; MENIDIA-MENIDIA AB The reasons why growth and developmental rates vary widely among species have remained unclear. Previous examinations of possible environmental influences on growth rates of birds yielded few correlations, leading to suggestions that young may be growing at maximum rates allowed within physiological constraints. However, estimations of growth rates can be confounded by variation in relative developmental stage at fledging. Here, we re-estimate growth rates to control for developmental stage. We used these data to examine the potential covariation of growth and development with environmental variation across a sample of 115 North American passerines. Contrary to previous results, we found that growth rates of altricial nestlings were strongly positively correlated to daily nest predation rates, even after controlling for adult body mass and phylogeny. In addition, nestlings of species under stronger predation pressure remained in the nest for a shorter period, and they left the nest at lower body mass relative to adult body mass. Thus, nestlings both grew faster and left the nest at an earlier developmental stage in species with higher risk of predation. Growth patterns were also related to food, clutch size, and latitude. These results support a view that growth and developmental rates of altricial nestlings are strongly influenced by the environmental conditions experienced by species, and they generally lend support to an adaptive view of interspecific variation in growth and developmental rates. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Remes, V (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, TF Svobody 26, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011; Remes, Vladimir/B-6842-2016 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867; NR 78 TC 134 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 56 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 2002 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2505 EP 2518 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 637GR UT WOS:000180503700016 PM 12583590 ER PT J AU Yorke, TH Oberg, KA AF Yorke, TH Oberg, KA TI Measuring river velocity and discharge with acoustic Doppler profilers SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE acoustic Doppler profilers; velocity; discharge measurements; rivers AB Acoustic Doppler profilers and associated software packages presently are being used to measure water velocity, channel bathymetry, and river discharge. The instruments have various configurations and frequencies; choice of the appropriate instrument depends on various factors including depth, width, and sediment load of the rivers being measured. The acoustic Doppler profilers are mounted on powerboats or small remote-controlled or tethered rafts or catamarans. Profilers enable users to make fast, accurate, and economical discharge measurements on large rivers and rivers with unsteady flow conditions because of flooding or irregular releases from reservoirs. This article describes the principles of operation, application of acoustic Doppler profilers to the measurement of velocity and discharge, and calibration and verification issues. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Yorke Consulting Inc, Reston, VA USA. US Geol Survey, Off Surface Water, Urbana, IL USA. RP Yorke, TH (reprint author), Yorke Consulting Inc, Reston, VA USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-5986 J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM JI Flow Meas. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 191 EP 195 AR PII S0955-5986(02)00051-1 DI 10.1016/S0955-5986(02)00051-1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 626LP UT WOS:000179874200002 ER PT J AU Walker, RJ Horan, MF Morgan, JW Becker, H Grossman, JN Rubin, AE AF Walker, RJ Horan, MF Morgan, JW Becker, H Grossman, JN Rubin, AE TI Comparative Re-187-Os-187 systematics of chondrites: Implications regarding early solar system processes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID REFRACTORY SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS; OSMIUM ISOTOPE CONSTRAINTS; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; IRON-METEORITES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; TRACE-ELEMENT; OPAQUE ASSEMBLAGES; ALLENDE METEORITE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RICH INCLUSIONS AB A suite of 47 carbonaceous, enstatite, and ordinary chondrites are examined for Re-Os isotopic systematics. There are significant differences in the Re-187/Os-188 and Os-187/Os-188 ratios of carbonaceous chondrites compared with ordinary and enstatite chondrites. The average Re-187/Os-188 for carbonaceous chondrites is 0.392 +/- 0.015 (excluding the CK chondrite, Karoonda), compared with 0.422 +/- 0.025 and 0.421 +/- 0.013 for ordinary and enstatite chondrites (1sigma standard deviations). These ratios, recast into elemental Re/Os ratios, are as follows: 0.0814 +/- 0.0031, 0.0876 +/- 0.0052 and 0.0874 +/- 0.0027, respectively. Correspondingly, the Os-187/Os-188 ratios of carbonaceous chondrites average 0.1262 +/- 0.0006 (excluding Karoonda), and ordinary and enstatite chondrites average 0.1283 +/- 0.0017 and 0.1281 +/- 0.0004, respectively (1sigma standard deviations). The new results indicate that the Re/Os ratios of meteorites within each group are, in general, quite uniform. The minimal overlap between the isotopic compositions of ordinary and enstatite chondrites vs. carbonaceous chondrites indicates long-term differences in Re/Os for these materials, most likely reflecting chemical fractionation early in solar system history. A majority of the chondrites do not plot within analytical uncertainties of a 4.56-Ga reference isochron. Most of the deviations from the isochron are consistent with minor, relatively recent redistribution of Re and/or Os on a scale of millimeters to centimeters. Some instances of the redistribution may be attributed to terrestrial weathering; others are most likely the result of aqueous alteration or shock events on the parent body within the past 2 Ga. The Os-187/Os-188 ratio of Earth's primitive upper mantle has been estimated to be 0.1296 +/- 8. If this composition was set via addition of a late veneer of planetesimals after core formation, the composition suggests the veneer was dominated by materials that had Re/Os ratios most similar to ordinary and enstatite chondrites. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, Isotope Geochem Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Walker, RJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, Isotope Geochem Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 67 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 23 BP 4187 EP 4201 AR PII S0016-7037(00)01003-7 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01003-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 617BZ UT WOS:000179341500012 ER PT J AU Graymer, RW Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Walker, JP McLaughlin, RJ Fleck, RJ AF Graymer, RW Sarna-Wojcicki, AM Walker, JP McLaughlin, RJ Fleck, RJ TI Controls on timing and amount of right-lateral offset on the East Bay fault system, San Francisco Bay region, California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE offsets; San Andreas fault; San Francisco Bay region; strike-slip faults; tectonic models ID DISPLACEMENT AB The distribution of offset, correlated rock units, relative position of northward-younging volcanic rocks, and distribution of units not offset together reveal the history of strike-slip deformation along the East Bay fault system. The system accumulated 175 km of right-lateral offset since 12 Ma, but of this amount, only similar to25 km was accumulated between 12 and 10 Ma and only similar to75 km between 12 and 6 Ma. The westernmost Hayward fault zone is responsible for more than half (100 km) of the total, and it, too, has undergone more offset (60 km) after 6 Ma than before. The activity on any single fault zone in the system has been sporadic, and alternating periods of activity and inactivity have been recorded on at least some of the fault zones. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Graymer, RW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 975, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1471 EP 1479 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1471:COTAAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 623ZN UT WOS:000179735000001 ER PT J AU Ridgway, KD Trop, JM Nokleberg, WJ Davidson, CM Eastham, KR AF Ridgway, KD Trop, JM Nokleberg, WJ Davidson, CM Eastham, KR TI Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics of the eastern and central Alaska Range: Progressive basin development and deformation in a suture zone SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE Alaska Range; Cantwell Formation; Kahiltna assemblage; suture zone; Usibelli Group; Wrangellia ID DENALI FAULT SYSTEM; SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA; CENTRAL SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BAJA BRITISH-COLUMBIA; THRUST-TOP BASIN; YUKON-TERRITORY; SEDIMENTARY RECORD; CANTWELL BASIN; DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS; DISPLACEMENT HISTORY AB Analysis of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins, metamorphic rocks, and major faults in the eastern and central Alaska Range documents the progressive development of a suture zone that formed as a result of collision of an island-arc assemblage (the Wrangellia composite terrane) with the former North American continental margin. New basin-analysis, structural, and geochronologic data indicate the following stages in the development of the suture zone: (1) Deposition of 3-5 km of Upper Jurassic-Upper Cretaceous marine strata (the Kahiltna assemblage) recorded the initial collision of the island-arc assemblage with the continental margin. The Kahiltna assemblage exposed in the northern Talkeetna Mountains represents a Kimmeridgian-Valanginian backarc basin that was filled by northwestward-flowing submarine-fan systems that were transporting sediment derived from Mesozoic strata of the island-arc assemblage. The Kahiltna assemblage exposed in the southern Alaska Range represents a Valanginian-Cenomanian remnant ocean basin filled by west-southwestward-flowing submarine-fan systems that were transporting sediment derived from Paleozoic continental-margin strata uplifted in the along-strike suture zone. A belt of retrograde metamorphism and a regional anticlinorium developed along the continental margin from 115 to 106 Ma, roughly coeval with the end of widespread deposition in the Kahiltna sedimentary basins. (2) Metamorphism of submarine-fan deposits of the Kahiltna basin, located near the leading edge of the island-arc assemblage, occurred at ca. 74 Ma, as determined from a new U-Pb zircon age for a synkinematic sill. Coeval with metamorphism of deposits of the Kahiltna basin in the southern part of the suture zone was development of a thrust-top basin, the Cantwell basin, in the northern part of the suture zone. Geologic mapping and compositional data suggest that the 4 km of Upper Cretaceous nonmarine and marginal marine sedimentary strata in this basin record regional subaerial uplift of the suture zone. (3) Shortening and exhumation of the suture zone peaked from 65 to 60 Ma on the basis of metamorphic and geochronologic data. In the southern part of the suture zone, submarine-fan deposits of the Kahiltna basin, which had been metamorphosed to kyanite schists at similar to25 km depth and similar to650 degreesC, were exhumed and cooled through the biotite closure temperature (similar to300 degreesC by ca. 62 Ma. In the northern part of the suture zone, this time period was marked by shortening, uplift, and erosion of sedimentary strata of the Cantwell basin. (4) From 60 to 54 Ma, similar to3 km of volcanic strata were deposited over deformed sedimentary strata of the Cantwell basin, and several granitic plutons (the McKinley sequence) were emplaced along the suture zone. (5) Following igneous activity, strike-slip displacement occurred from ca. 54 to 24 Ma along the Denali fault system, which had developed in the existing suture zone. Late Eocene-Oligocene strike-slip displacement resulted in the formation of several small sedimentary basins along the Denali fault system. (6) Regional transpressive shortening characterized the suture zone from ca. 24 Ma to the present. Flexural subsidence, related to regional shortening, is represented by late Eocene to Holocene nonmarine deposits of the Tanana foreland basin. Regional subsidence resulted in Miocene coal seams up to 20 m thick and well-developed lacustrine deposits. Overlying the Miocene deposits are similar to1.2 km of Pliocene and Holocene conglomeratic deposits. Compositional and paleocurrent data from these younger deposits record regional Neogene uplift of the suture zone and recycling of detritus from older basins to the south that had become incorporated into the uplifted suture zone. Geologic mapping of major thrust faults along the northern and southern margins of the suture zone documents Paleozoic strata thrust over both Pliocene fluvial deposits and Quaternary glacial deposits of the Tanana basin. These mapping relationships provide evidence that regional shortening continues to the present in the eastern and central Alaska Range. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Beloit Coll, Dept Geol, Beloit, WI 53511 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ridgway, KD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 129 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 22 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1480 EP 1504 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1480:MACTOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 623ZN UT WOS:000179735000002 ER PT J AU Hereford, R AF Hereford, R TI Valley-fill alluviation during the Little Ice Age (ca. AD 1400-1880), Paria River basin and southern Colorado Plateau, United States SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE alluvial deposits; arroyos; climate effects; El Nino; geomorphology; holocene ID EPHEMERAL-STREAM PROCESSES; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; DRAINAGE-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LATE HOLOCENE; EXTREME FLOODS; ARIZONA; SEDIMENT; CANYON; UTAH AB Valley-fill alluvium deposited from ca. A.D. 1400 to 1880 is widespread in tributaries of the Paria River and is largely coincident with the Little Ice Age epoch of global climate variability. Previous work showed that alluvium of this age is a mappable stratigraphic unit in many of the larger alluvial valleys of the southern Colorado Plateau. The alluvium is bounded by two disconformities resulting from prehistoric and historic arroyo cutting at ca. A.D. 1200-1400 and 1860-1910, respectively. The fill forms a terrace in the axial valleys of major through-flowing streams. This terrace and underlying deposits are continuous and interfinger with sediment in numerous small tributary valleys that head at the base of hillslopes of sparsely vegetated, weakly consolidated bedrock, suggesting that eroded bedrock was an important source of alluvium along with in-channel and other sources. Paleoclimatic and high-resolution paleoflood studies indicate that valley-fill alluviation occurred during a long-term decrease in the frequency of large, destructive floods. Aggradation of the valleys ended about A.D. 1880, if not two decades earlier, with the beginning of historic arroyo cutting. This shift from deposition to valley entrenchment near the close of the Little Ice Age generally coincided with the beginning of an episode of the largest floods in the preceding 400-500 yr, which was probably caused by an increased recurrence and intensity of flood-producing El Nino events beginning at ca. A.D. 1870. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Hereford, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 101 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1550 EP 1563 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1550:VFADTL>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 623ZN UT WOS:000179735000006 ER PT J AU DeGraaff-Surpless, K Graham, SA Wooden, JL McWilliams, MO AF DeGraaff-Surpless, K Graham, SA Wooden, JL McWilliams, MO TI Detrital zircon provenance analysis of the Great Valley Group, California: Evolution of an arc-forearc system SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE California; forearc basins; Great Valley; provenance; Sierra Nevada; zircon ID SIERRA-NEVADA BATHOLITH; ACTUALISTIC SANDSTONE PETROFACIES; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; SACRAMENTO VALLEY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; (U-TH)/HE AGES; MAGMATIC ARC AB The improved resolution of sediment provenance from detrital zircon analysis of Great Valley stratigraphy enables recognition of previously undocumented arc magmatism and the evolution of regional drainage systems within the Cretaceous arc-forearc system related to uplift, magmatism, and structure in the arc. Great Valley detrital zircon age data confirm previous studies that indicate that the locus of the sediment source in the southern Sierra Nevada are migrated east with the active volcanic front and suggest rapid rates of uplift and unroofing of the southern arc. Sacramento Valley detrital zircon age data indicate a more complex history of drainage in the northern Klamath-Sierran arc than previously documented. Detrital zircon age distributions from the Cache Creek section of the Great Valley Group broaden through time from nearly unimodal age distributions to signatures with multiple age peaks. This transition to more broadly distributed detrital zircon age spectra likely results from a combination of (1) expanding subaerial drainage systems from highly localized to more broadly distributed catchments; (2) changing shelf and submarine-canyon morphology with rising sea level and/or basin subsidence; (3) increased degree of dissection of the Klamath-Sierran arc; and (4) potential drainage capture and redirection within the arc. Sacramento Valley detrital zircon age data also record a pulse of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatism in the northwestern Sierra Nevada arc, an age of Cordilleran magmatism and deformation represented by limited exposure in the modern Sierra Nevada. These results offer significant new insights into the evolution of a well-studied arc-forearc system. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 90425 USA. RP DeGraaff-Surpless, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011 OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069 NR 112 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 22 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1564 EP 1580 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1564:DZPAOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 623ZN UT WOS:000179735000007 ER PT J AU Parsons, T AF Parsons, T TI Nearly frictionless faulting by unclamping in long-term interaction models SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE friction; faulting; San Andreas; transforms ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; MAJOR FAULTS; SLIP RATES; CALIFORNIA; STRESS; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; SYSTEM AB In defiance of direct rock-friction observations, some transform faults appear to slide with little resistance. In this paper finite element models are used to show how strain energy is minimized by interacting faults that can cause long-term reduction in faultnormal stresses (unclamping). A model fault contained within a sheared elastic medium concentrates stress at its end points with increasing slip. If accommodating structures free up the ends, then the fault responds by rotating, lengthening, and unclamping. This concept is illustrated by a comparison between simple strike-slip faulting and a mid-ocean-ridge model with the same total transform length; calculations show that the more complex system unclamps the transforms and operates at lower energy. In another example, the overlapping San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay region is modeled; this system is complicated by junctions and stepovers. A finite element model indicates that the normal stress along parts of the faults could be reduced to hydrostatic levels after similar to60-100 k.y. of system-wide slip. If this process occurs in the earth, then parts of major transform fault zones could appear nearly frictionless. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Parsons, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS-999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Parsons, Tom/A-3424-2008; OI Parsons, Tom/0000-0002-0582-4338 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1063 EP 1066 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1063:NFFBUI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 624AZ UT WOS:000179738400003 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Bierman, P Enzel, Y AF Matmon, A Bierman, P Enzel, Y TI Pattern and tempo of great escarpment erosion SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE great escarpments; crustal structure; sedimentary sequences; significant erosion ID RED-SEA; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT; EVOLUTION; MARGIN; RIFT; APATITES; AFRICA; UPLIFT; PROPAGATION AB Extensive geological, geophysical, structural, and geochronollogical data suggest that the locations of great escarpments bordering passive margins are exceptionally stable and are probably determined by crustal structure. Together, the data do not support the established paradigm of ongoing, significant, and parallel escarpment retreat. Rather, thermochronologic data and sedimentary sequences in ocean basins suggest that initial, tectonically controlled rift escarpments undergo rapid and significant erosion only during the earliest stages of seafloor spreading. Development of stable passive margin escarpments follows this period of intense erosion. Escarpments increase in sinuosity as embayments retreat more rapidly than interfluves. Measurements of 24 escarpments suggest that sinuosity, and the rate at which it increases, depends upon the location of maximum uplift, the geometry of the preescarpment drainage system, and margin age. All data suggest that the location of passive margin escarpments does not change significantly over time. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1135 EP 1138 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1135:PATOGE>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 624AZ UT WOS:000179738400021 ER PT J AU Nelson, CM AF Nelson, CM TI Mary C. Rabbitt (1915-2002) - In Memoriam SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Nelson, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 47 IS 12 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 626JF UT WOS:000179867500017 ER PT J AU Benowitz-Fredericks, ZM Kitaysky, AS Shultz, MT Wingfield, JC AF Benowitz-Fredericks, ZM Kitaysky, AS Shultz, MT Wingfield, JC TI Steroid hormones in yolk and allantoic waste of Common murres (Uria aalge) - patterns within a subcolony. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-07, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1194 EP 1194 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669ND UT WOS:000182356600071 ER PT J AU Espinoza, RE Dean-Bradley, K Tracy, CR AF Espinoza, RE Dean-Bradley, K Tracy, CR TI Herbivory imposes constraints on the life-history strategies of reptiles .. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-07, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1227 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669ND UT WOS:000182356600233 ER PT J AU Tracy, CR Nussear, KE Medica, PA Marlow, RM Corn, PS AF Tracy, CR Nussear, KE Medica, PA Marlow, RM Corn, PS TI Estimates of population size in the desert tortoise may be impossible or impractical SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-07, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington, DC USA. Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669ND UT WOS:000182356600714 ER PT J AU Jackson, DD Leahy, PP AF Jackson, DD Leahy, PP TI Introduction to the special issue on the sustainability of earth resources - The role of the geosciences in the evolution toward a globally sustainable society SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Jackson, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1069 EP 1071 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.44.12.1069 PG 3 WC Geology SC Geology GA 658GB UT WOS:000181712300001 ER PT J AU Ahlbrandt, TS AF Ahlbrandt, TS TI Future petroleum energy resources of the world SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Is the world running out of oil? Where will future oil and gas supplies come from? To help answer these questions, in 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey completed a new world assessment, exclusive of the United States, of the undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources and potential additions to reserves from field growth.(2) One hundred and twenty-eight provinces were assessed in a 100 man-year effort from 1995-2000. The assessed provinces included 76 priority provinces containing 95% of the world's discovered oil and gas and an additional 52 "boutique" provinces, many of which may be highly prospective. Total Petroleum Systems (TPS) were identified and described for each of these provinces along with associated Assessment Units (AU) that are the basic units for assessing undiscovered petroleum. The assessment process coupled geologic analysis with a probabilistic methodology to estimate remaining potential. Within the 128 assessed provinces were 159 TPS and 274 AU. For these provinces, the endowment of recoverable oil-which includes cumulative production, remaining reserves, reserve growth, and undiscovered resources-is estimated at about 3 trillion barrels of oil (TBO). The natural gas endowment is estimated at 2.6 trillion barrels of oil equivalent (TBOE). Oil reserves are currently 1.1 TBO; world consumption is about .028 TBO per year. Natural gas reserves are about 0.8 TBOE; world consumption is about 0.014 TBOE per year. Thus, without any additional discoveries of oil, gas or natural gas liquids, we have about 2 TBOE of proved petroleum reserves. Of the oil and gas endowment of about 5.6 TBOE, we estimate that the world has consumed about I TBOE, or 18%, leaving about 82% of the endowment to be utilized or found. Half of the world's undiscovered potential is offshore. Arctic basins with about 25% of undiscovered petroleum resources make up the next great frontier. An additional 279 provinces contain some oil and gas and, if considered, would increase the oil and gas endowment estimates. Whereas petroleum resources in the world appear to be significant, certain countries such as the United States may run into import deficits, particularly oil imports from Mexico and natural gas from both Canada and Mexico. The now assessment has been used as the reference supply case in energy supply models by the International Energy Agency and the Energy Information Agency of the Department of Energy. Climate energy modeling groups such as those at Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and others have also used USGS estimates in global climate models. Many of these models using the USGS estimates converge on potential oil shortfalls in 2036-2040. However, recent articles using the USGS (2000) estimates suggest peaking of oil in 2020-2035 and peaking of non-OPEC (Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries) oil in 2015-2020. Such a short time framework places greater emphasis on a transition to increased use of natural gas; i.e., a methane economy. Natural gas in turn may experience similar supply concerns in the 2050-2060 time frame according to some authors. Coal resources are considerable and provide significant petroleum potential either by extracting natural gas from them, by directly converting them into petroleum products, or by utilizing them to generate electricity, thereby reducing natural gas and oil requirements by fuel substitution. Non-conventional oil and gas are quite common in petroleum provinces of the world and represent a significant resource yet to be fully studied and developed. Seventeen non-conventional AU including coal-bed methane, basin-center gas, continuous oil, and gas hydrate occurrences have been preliminarily identified for future assessment. Initial efforts to assess heavy oil deposits and other non-conventional oil and gas deposits also are under way. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ahlbrandt, TS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM ahlbrandt@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 26 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1092 EP 1104 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.44.12.1092 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 658GB UT WOS:000181712300003 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA James, IC Huntington, TG AF Hodgkins, GA James, IC Huntington, TG TI Historical changes in lake ice-out dates as indicators of climate change in New England, 1850-2000 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lake ice-out dates; lake ice break-up; New England; trend analysis; temperature; climate change; Mann-Kendall; LOESS ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; AIR TEMPERATURES; BREAK-UP; RECORDS; TRENDS; COVER; MODEL AB Various studies have shown that changes over time in spring ice-out dates can be used as indicators of climate change. Ice-out dates from 29 lakes in New England (USA) with 64 to 163 ears of record were assembled and analysed for this study. Ice-out dates have become significantly earlier in New England since the 1800s. Changes in ice-out dates between 1850 and 2000 were 9 days and 16 days in the northern/mountainous. and southern regions of New England respectively. The changes in the ice-out data over time were very consistent within each of the two regions of New England, and more consistent than four air-temperature records in each region. The ice-out dates of the two regions had a different response to changes in air temperature. The inferred late winter-early spring air-temperature warming in both regions of New, England since 1850. based on linear regression analysis. was about 1.5 C. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 15 BP 1819 EP 1827 DI 10.1002/joc.857 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 631GD UT WOS:000180159000002 ER PT J AU Hower, JC Ruppert, LF Williams, DA AF Hower, JC Ruppert, LF Williams, DA TI Controls on boron and germanium distribution in the low-sulfur Amos coal bed, Western Kentucky coalfield, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kentucky; coal; geochemistry; boron; germanium ID GEOCHEMISTRY AB The Duckmantian-aged Amos coal bed is a thin ( < 51 cm) coal bed that occurs in lobate southwest-trending pods separated by thin sandstones in the Western Kentucky coalfield. The coal bed, which is comprised of up to two benches and a rider coal, is low in ash yield (< 6%) and sulfur content (< 1 %). The coal tends to be thin ( <40 cm), but it was heavily mined in the 1980s because it could be combusted as mined. Geochemical analysis of the Amos coal bed shows higher concentrations of B and Ge than other Western Kentucky coal beds. High total B concentrations as well as high B/Be, both considered to be indicators of marine environments, increase toward the top of the coal bed. Most of the B values for the Amos samples range from 66 to 103 ppm (whole coal basis) indicating deposition in a brackish environment. High Ge concentrations in coals have been considered to be a function of seam thickness and proximity to the top and bottom of the coal bed. Thin coals, such as the Amos, are dominated by the coal bed margins and, therefore, have a tendency to have relatively high Ge concentrations. In the case of the Amos coal bed, the lower bench has a higher Ge content, suggesting that the substrate was a more important source of Ge than the roof rock.(C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Kentucky Geol Survey, Henderson, KY 42419 USA. RP Hower, JC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 BP 27 EP 42 AR PII S0166-5162(02)00151-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00151-9 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 618PA UT WOS:000179425400002 ER PT J AU Wirgin, I Waldman, J Stabile, J Lubinski, B King, T AF Wirgin, I Waldman, J Stabile, J Lubinski, B King, T TI Comparison of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite DNA analyses in estimating population structure and gene flow rates in Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; CONSERVATION; INDIVIDUALS; DIVERSITY; DESOTOI; GULF AB Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus is large, long-lived, and anadromous with subspecies distributed along the Atlantic ( A. oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) and Gulf of Mexico (A. o. desotoi) coasts of North America. Although it is not certain if extirpation of some population units has occurred, because of anthropogenic influences abundances of all populations are low compared with historical levels. Informed management of A. oxyrinchus demands detailed knowledge of its population structure, levels of genetic diversity, and likelihood to home to natal rivers. We compared the use of mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) control region sequence and microsatellite nuclear DNA (nDNA) analyses in identifying the stock structure and homing fidelity of Atlantic and Gulf coast populations of A. oxyrinchus. The approaches were concordant in that they revealed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and suggested that populations of Atlantic sturgeon are highly structured. At least six genetically distinct management units were detected using the two approaches among the rivers surveyed. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed significant cline in haplotype diversity along the Atlantic coast with monomorphism observed in Canadian populations. High levels of nDNA diversity were also observed among populations along the Atlantic coast, including the two Canadian populations, probably resulting from the more rapid rate of mutational and evolutionary change at microsatellite loci. Estimates of gene flow among populations were similar between both approaches with the exception that because of mtDNA monomorphism in Canadian populations, gene flow estimates between them were unobtainable. Analyses of both genomes provided high resolution and confidence in characterizing the population structure of Atlantic sturgeon. Microsatellite analysis was particularly informative in delineating population structure in rivers that were recently glaciated and may prove diagnostic in rivers that are geographically proximal along the south Atlantic coast of the US. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Hudson River Fdn, New York, NY USA. Iona Coll, Dept Biol, New Rochelle, NY USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Wirgin, I (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00380.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400014 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JL Hightower, JE AF Armstrong, JL Hightower, JE TI Potential for restoration of the Roanoke River population of Atlantic sturgeon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; GULF STURGEON; HABITAT USE; FLORIDA; GROWTH; BAY AB The Atlantic sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) was historically abundant within Albemarle Sound and the Roanoke River in North Carolina, but declined dramatically in the late 1800s in response to intensive fishing. Recent evidence suggests that the population may be recovering, following a statewide prohibition on harvest in 1991. A recruitment index generally increased from 1992 through 2001. Estuarine habitat for juveniles appears to be suitable, resulting in mean growth rates for age 1 fish ranging from 0.59 to 0.81 mm day(-1). A restoration goal of 7000 - 21 000 subadult and adult Atlantic sturgeon was developed for the Roanoke River, based on historical landings records. Bycatch mortality because of commercial gill-netting in Albemarle Sound could affect recovery. Telemetry and netting data indicate that juvenile Atlantic sturgeon in the sound are most abundant in shallow nearshore areas where commercial gill-netting is concentrated. However, immediate mortality rates from survey and commercial gill-netting in Albemarle Sound were only 0-2%. Additional field studies are needed to re ne estimates of immediate- and longer-term mortality associated with gill-net bycatch. C1 N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Armstrong, JL (reprint author), Midatlantic Fishery Management Council, Suite 2115,300 S New St, Dover, DE 19904 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00389.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400039 ER PT J AU Runstrom, A Bruch, RM Reiter, D Cox, D AF Runstrom, A Bruch, RM Reiter, D Cox, D TI Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) on the Menominee Indian Reservation: an effort toward co-management and population restoration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN AB The lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) is a species of cultural significance to the Menominee Nation, a Native American tribe indigenous to northeast Wisconsin. Lake sturgeon in the Lake Winnebago system historically migrated up the Wolf River to spawn at Keshena Falls, within the current boundaries of the Menominee Reservation where, each spring, the Menominee people gathered at Keshena Falls to harvest lake sturgeon. The construction of two dams on the Wolf River downstream of Keshena Falls in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries contributed to extirpation of this species on the Menominee Reservation. The general public has had the opportunity to harvest lake sturgeon from Lake Winnebago during a winter spear fishery since 1932. Those who participate in this fishery feel as strongly about the lake sturgeon resource as do the Menominee people. Cooperation among multiple resource management agencies and the public was necessary to address the interests of both groups and at the same time ensure protection of the Winnebago system lake sturgeon population. In 1993, tribal, state, and federal representatives developed a plan to reintroduce lake sturgeon to the Menominee Reservation. The planning process was designed to involve all the various, often competing, tribal and non-tribal interests in a constructive effort to develop and implement a Menominee Reservation sturgeon rehabilitation plan that all parties could accept and endorse. The core planning group was the Menominee Reservation Lake Sturgeon Enhancement Committee which worked with the various sturgeon 'publics' to identify common sturgeon restoration goals, objectives and management strategies, and which has worked together since that time in the effort to re-establish viable lake sturgeon populations in Menominee Reservation waters. Since 1994, over 30 000 hatchery-raised lake sturgeon have been stocked in reservation lakes, and 87 Wolf River lake sturgeon have been radio-tagged and relocated upstream to reservation waters of the river. Enough mature lake sturgeon were present in this river reach in 2001 to permit spawning there for the first time in 50 years. The success of the co-management effort has been encouraging and participants are committed to the goal of establishing self-sustaining lake sturgeon populations in reservation waters. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fishery Resource Off, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Oshkosh, WI USA. Menominee Indian Tribe Wisconsin, Conservat Dept, Keshena, WI USA. Menominee Indian Tribe Wisconsin, Environm Serv, Keshena, WI USA. RP Runstrom, A (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse Fishery Resource Off, 555 Lester Ave, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 66 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00426.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400040 ER PT J AU Manny, BA Kennedy, GW AF Manny, BA Kennedy, GW TI Known lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning habitat in the channel between lakes Huron and Erie in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID GROUNDS AB Bottom substrates and overlying water at three sites where lake sturgeon were reported by others to spawn in the 160-km channel between lakes Huron and Erie were surveyed by boat just before or after the exact time of spawning in 2001 to determine the kinds of substrates present and differences in water quality at the sites. Substrates, examined and photographed using a high-resolution, underwater, video camera, were beds of either rounded cobble (10-40 cm in diameter) and coarse gravel (2-8 cm in diameter) of glacial origin or coal cinders (0.5-12 cm in diameter) of human origin, > 1/4 ha in area and > 0.3 m in thickness. Water quality, defined as percent of surface light reaching the bottom (range: 0.05- 8.7%), Secchi disc depth (range: 2.5-6.5 m), and water current velocity ( range: 0.35-0.98 m s(-1)), differed more than 3-fold between the three sites. Although water depth at these sites ( range: 9-12 m) was greater than in many rivers elsewhere used by lake sturgeon, the water current velocities at these sites were in the range in which lake sturgeon were reported to deposit eggs in two small Canadian rivers (0.1-1.1 m s(-1)). C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Manny, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 486 EP 490 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00390.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400041 ER PT J AU Henyey, E Kynard, B Zhuang, P AF Henyey, E Kynard, B Zhuang, P TI Use of electronarcosis to immobilize juvenile lake and shortnose sturgeons for handling and the effects on their behavior SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN AB Low voltage constant direct current was used to immobilize juvenile lake ( Acipenser fulvescens) and shortnose sturgeons ( A. brevirostrum). There was no significant difference in time the lake or shortnose sturgeons required to exhibit positive rheotaxis between fish immobilized with electricity and control fish (two-way ANOVA ANOVA, P = 0.11). Fish immobilized with 80 mg L-1 tricaine took a significantly longer time to orient than control fish or fish immobilized with electricity for 5 or 30 min (one-way ANOVA ANOVA, P = 0.003). Electronarcosis, which produces effects like a chemical anesthetic, is a useful technique for immobilizing juvenile sturgeons for handling. Fish can swim upright as soon as the electricity is turned off, recovery time is shorter than with chemical anesthetics, and the cost of equipment is < 400 USD. C1 USGS, BRD, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Chinese Acad Fisheries Sci, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jinzhou, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Henyey, E (reprint author), USGS, BRD, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 796,1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 502 EP 504 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00425.x PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400044 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Kieffer, M AF Kynard, B Kieffer, M TI Use of a borescope to determine the sex and egg maturity stage of sturgeons and the effect of borescope use on reproductive structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN AB During telemetry studies on Connecticut River shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum, we used a 16-mm long fiberoptic borescope inserted into the genital canal to see eggs and identify females and egg stage. The procedure lasted 1-2 min and enabled us to selectively identify females of any season. Of 443 adults examined during 6 years, 174 were classified as females: 90 with late-stage eggs ( mature the next spawning period), 80 with early-stage eggs ( not mature the next spawning period), and four had eggs of unknown egg stage. Sex of the remaining 270 sturgeon could not be determined ( either females with immature eggs or males). Using the borescope, a re-examination of 21 recaptured fish originally classified as females found the sex of all had been correctly identified. Examination of shortnose sturgeon and juveniles of three other sturgeon species indicated that the urinogenital opening diameter, not the genital canal diameter, determines the largest diameter borescope that can be used. Repeated probing of the oviduct valve by 4-mm and smaller diameter probes did not penetrate the valve regardless of species or fish length, showing borescope use will not damage the valve. Careful use of a borescope will not harm reproductive structures and is suitable for all sturgeon species. C1 USGS, BRD, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), USGS, BRD, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00388.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400045 ER PT J AU Sulak, KJ Randall, M AF Sulak, KJ Randall, M TI Understanding sturgeon life history: Enigmas, myths, and insights from scientific studies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID SAN-JOAQUIN ESTUARY; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; ACIPENSER OXYRINCHUS; SUWANNEE RIVER; LAKE STURGEON; GULF STURGEON; HUDSON RIVER; FLORIDA; MANAGEMENT; SYNOPSIS AB Selected enigmas in sturgeon life history are examined based on analysis of the Gulf sturgeon population in the Suwannee River, Florida, and on scientific literature for other sturgeon species. Population structure data from 14 years of Gulf sturgeon sampling yield new insights into sturgeon life history, revealing general parallels with other sturgeons. The enigma of sturgeon fasting, particularly fasting in freshwater by anadromous species, is considered. Fasting is hypothesized as a mechanism to maintain optimum ecological body size in fishes with enormous growth potential and indeterminate ultimate size. The apparent mystery of juveniles participating in the spawning immigration of adults in anadromous species is resolved in the context of the evolution of sturgeons as fundamentally freshwater fishes. Freshwater habitat is a physiological and predator refuge during fasting intervals. The myth of great age as typical of sturgeon populations is evaluated and found to be contradicted by analysis of Gulf sturgeon length and age data, and by comparative literature data for other well-studied sturgeon species. The myth of population stability is similarly contradicted by long-term length/age frequency data for Gulf sturgeon, and is unsupported by additional long-term population analyses reported for other sturgeon species. Potential sturgeon management and conservation actions should be re-evaluated in the light of revised life history knowledge. In particular, it is important to apply the knowledge that adult females typically do not live as long as anecdote and conventional myth suggest. In fact, relative to age at first maturity, most sturgeon populations appear to be dominated by young adults; very large and very old fish are rare. Consequently, there is a low probability in natural sturgeon populations of many successive spawnings over the lifespan of any given female. It is also important to recognize the dynamic instability of sturgeon populations, rapid population recovery is improbable, even in well protected populations, given that strong year-classes are widely separated periodic phenomena in natural sturgeon populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Sulak, KJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00413.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400047 ER PT J AU Kynard, B Suciu, R Horgan, M AF Kynard, B Suciu, R Horgan, M TI Migration and habitats of diadromous Danube River sturgeons in Romania: 1998 2000 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID SHORTNOSE STURGEON; MASSACHUSETTS AB Upstream migrant adults of stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus ( 10 in 1998, 43 in 1999) and Russian sturgeon, A. gueldenstaedtii ( three in 1999) were captured at river km (rkm) 58-137, mostly in the spring, and tagged with acoustic tags offering a reward for return. The overharvest was revealed by tag returns (38% in 1998, 28% in 1999) and by harvest within 26 days ( and before reaching spawning grounds) of the six stellate sturgeon tracked upstream. A drop-back of > 50% of the tagged sturgeon, some to the Black Sea, shows a high sensitivity to interruption of migration and capture/handling/holding. Harvesting and dropback prevented tracking of sturgeon to spawning sites. Gillnetting and tracking of stellate sturgeon showed that the autumn migration ended in early October ( river temperature 16 degreesC) and identified a likely wintering area at river km (rkm) 75-76 (St George Branch). Thus, fishery harvesting after early October captures wintering fish, not migrants. Rare shoreline cliffs in the lower river likely create the only rocky habitat for sturgeon spawning. A survey for potential spawning habitats found five sites with rocky substrate and moderate water velocity, all greater than or equal torkm 258. Drift netting caught early life-stages of 17 fish species and one sturgeon, a beluga, Huso huso, larva likely spawned at greater than or equal torkm 258. All diadromous Danube sturgeons likely spawn at greater than or equal torkm 258. C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Danube Delta Natl Inst, Tulcea, Romania. RP Kynard, B (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00404.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400048 ER PT J AU Erickson, DL North, JA Hightower, JE Weber, J Lauck, L AF Erickson, DL North, JA Hightower, JE Weber, J Lauck, L TI Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID LIFE-HISTORY; SHORTNOSE STURGEONS; SUWANNEE RIVER; GULF STURGEON; ATLANTIC; FLORIDA; MIGRATION AB Green sturgeon ( Acipenser medirostris) movement patterns and habitat use within the Rogue River, Oregon were evaluated using radio telemetry. Nineteen specimens ranging from 154 to 225 cm total length were caught by gill netting and tagged with radio transmitters during May July 2000. One tagged green sturgeon was verified as a female near spawning condition. Individual green sturgeons spent more than 6 months in fresh water and traveled as far as river kilometer (rkm) 39.5. Green sturgeon preferred specific holding sites within the Rogue River during summer and autumn months. These sites were typically deep ( > 5 m) low-gradient reaches or off-channel coves. Home ranges within holding sites were restricted. All tagged individuals emigrated from the system to the sea during the autumn and winter, when water temperatures dropped below 10 degreesC and flows increased. This species is extremely vulnerable to habitat alterations and overfishing because it spawns in only a few North American rivers and individuals reside within extremely small areas for extended periods of time. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Conservat Program, Dexter, OR 97431 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Clackamas, OR USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Biol Resources Div,US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Gold Beach, OR USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx Zoo, Marine Conservat Program, Bronx, NY USA. RP Erickson, DL (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Conservat Program, 37805 Summer Creek Rd, Dexter, OR 97431 USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00403.x PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400053 ER PT J AU Hightower, JE Zehfuss, KP Fox, DA Parauka, FM AF Hightower, JE Zehfuss, KP Fox, DA Parauka, FM TI Summer habitat use by Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID OF-MEXICO STURGEON; SUWANNEE RIVER; ACIPENSER OXYRINCHUS; SHORTNOSE; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; CAROLINA; HISTORY AB The Gulf sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) was listed as a threatened species in 1991 because of declines in abundance throughout the Gulf of Mexico. One recommendation of the recovery plan for Gulf sturgeon was to characterize critical habitats. In this study, radio telemetry was used to determine summer ( June August) distribution and habitat use of Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida Alabama. Ranging from 74 to 222 cm total length, 63 radio-tagged fish were located 398 times during weekly or biweekly searches in June August of 1994-1997. A 10-km section of the lower Choctawhatchee River (river km 40-49.9) accounted for 38% of the summer locations of immature fish ( less than 1.3 m fork length) and 73% for mature fish. Fish were typically located at sites that were 2 5 m in depth, with water temperatures of 25-28 degreesC and a sand substrate. Spring discharges account for up to one-third of the mainstem river flow in this reach, but water temperatures at fish locations were similar to temperatures at fish locations in all other sections of the river. Efforts to monitor and improve habitat quality should be focussed on this river reach, given that a high percentage of the total Choctawhatchee River population occurs there during summer. C1 N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Panama City, FL USA. RP Hightower, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00402.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400057 ER PT J AU Sulak, KJ Edwards, RE Hill, GW Randall, MT AF Sulak, KJ Edwards, RE Hill, GW Randall, MT TI Why do sturgeons jump? Insights from acoustic investigations of the Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida, USA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID ACIPENSER AB Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi), as well as many other sturgeons, frequently jump out of the water. It is not known why they jump and expend energy during their non-feeding residency in freshwater rivers, but many explanations have been proposed. In the present study, it is hypothesized that jumping is a form of group communication that serves to maintain group cohesion. Information was collected on seasonal and diurnal temporal patterns of jumping at a known sturgeon aggregation holding area; jumping sounds were recorded and analyzed to test this hypothesis. Jumping was found to vary seasonally, with number of jumps every 0.5 h much higher in June than during other months in which observations were made ( April, May, August, and September in 2000 and 2001). Over 1000 jumps per day were recorded in a short (0.8 km) stretch ( at river kilometer 61) of the Suwannee River in northwestern Florida. Jumping activity peaked near dawn and to a lesser degree near sunset in months other than June. The June jumping rate ( jumps per 0.5 h) did not show a distinct dawn peak, although it was lowest during midday. Jumping sounds were recorded on a digital video/audio recorder attached to a hydrophone. Video images of sturgeon jumps were used to register specific sounds with specific components of the jumping action. Sonograms of sturgeon jumping sounds were compared and found to be distinct and different from sounds of other fish jumping or from objects dropped into the water for comparative purposes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis ( but not to the exclusion of other hypotheses) that jumping is a form of communication. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Edwards, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00401.x PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400060 ER PT J AU Zhuang, P Kynard, B Zhang, L Zhang, T Zhang, Z Li, D AF Zhuang, P Kynard, B Zhang, L Zhang, T Zhang, Z Li, D TI Overview of biology and aquaculture of Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) in China SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID FEEDING TRIALS AB Amur sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii is a large riverine species (max. 3 m length and 190 kg weight) native to the Amur River. In the middle Amur River, males first spawn at 7-8 years of age and females at 9-10 years. Due to overfishing and habitat alteration, the abundance of wild stocks has rapidly declined in recent years. Using wild adults, artificial spawning began in the 1950s in China, and since the early 1990s Amur sturgeon has become the most popular sturgeon for aquaculture. The species is adaptive to many conditions of artificial culture, including traditional Chinese fish culture ponds, lakes, reservoirs, and cages. It will grow well on many types of food, and 1-year-old fish reared on commercial diets weigh 900-1200 g. Based on the examination of females reared for broodstock, first full sexual maturity is expected at 5-6 years of age. C1 Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, E China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Fisheries Sci, Yangtze River Fisheries Res Inst, Jinzhou 434000, Hubei, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Zhuang, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, E China Sea Fisheries Res Inst, 300 Jun Gong RD, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00365.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400067 ER PT J AU Degernes, LA Harms, CA Golet, GH Mulcahy, DM AF Degernes, LA Harms, CA Golet, GH Mulcahy, DM TI Anesthesia and liver biopsy techniques for pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) suspected of exposure to crude oil in marine environments SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE anesthesia; cytochrome P450 1A; liver biopsy; avian; pigeon guillemot; Cepphus columba ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ALASKA; DUCKS; SPILL AB This paper reports on the anesthesia and liver biopsy techniques used in adult and nestling pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) to test for continued exposure to residual crude oil in the marine environment. Populations of pigeon guillemots have declined significantly in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, possibly because of residual effects of crude oil in the environment after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in March 1989. Measurement of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) is currently the best way to assess crude oil exposure from food sources; however, lethal sampling to obtain adequate liver tissue was not desirable in this declining population of birds. As part of a larger study to identify factors limiting the recovery of pigeon guillemots and other seabird populations, we surgically collected liver samples from adult and nestling guillemots to provide samples for measurement of hepatic CYP1A concentrations. Results from the larger study were reported elsewhere. Liver samples were taken from 26 nestling (1998) and 24 adult (1999) guillemots from a previously oiled site (Naked Island; 12 chicks, 13 adults) and from a nonoiled site (Jackpot Island/ley Bay; 14 chicks, 11 adults). The birds were anesthetized with isoflurane. No Surgical complications occurred with any of the birds and all adult and nestling birds survived after surgery to the point of release or return to the nest. Thirteen out of 14 chicks from the Jackpot Island/Icy Bay and 8 out of 12 chicks from Naked Island fledged. Four chicks at Naked Island were depredated before fledging. All adults abandoned their nests after surgery, so the study sites were revisited the following summer (2000) in an attempt to assess overwinter survival of the adults. All but 1 adult biopsied bird at the nonoiled site (Icy Bay) was found renesting, whereas only 2 birds at the previously oiled site (Naked Island) were similarly observed. The percent of 1999 breeders at Naked Island that returned to their nest sites to breed again in 2000 was low at nests of biopsied birds and nonbiopsied birds alike, suggesting that factors other than the surgical procedure were responsible for the low return rate among this group. These survival results provide strong support for Using experienced veterinarians for nonlethal invasive sample collection from birds to document exposure to crude oil in the marine environment. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Degernes, LA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1647/1082-6742(2002)016[0291:AALBTF]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 012OE UT WOS:000235347700005 ER PT J AU Brock, JC Wright, CW Sallenger, AH Krabill, WB Swift, RN AF Brock, JC Wright, CW Sallenger, AH Krabill, WB Swift, RN TI Basis and methods of NASA airborne topographic mapper lidar surveys for coastal studies SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shoreline change; airborne laser altimetry; LaserMap ID LASER ALTIMETER; TERRAIN MODELS AB This paper provides an overview of the basic principles of airborne laser altimetry for surveys of coastal topography, and describes the methods used in the acquisition and processing of NASA Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) surveys that cover much of the conterminous US coastline. This form of remote sensing, also known as "topographic lidar", has undergone extremely rapid development during the last two decades, and has the potential to contribute within a wide range of coastal scientific investigations. Various airborne laser surveying (ALS) applications that are relevant to coastal studies are being pursued by researchers in a range of Earth science disciplines. Examples include the mapping of "bald earth" land surfaces below even moderately dense vegetation in studies of geologic framework and hydrology, and determination of the vegetation canopy structure, a key variable in mapping wildlife habitats. ALS has also proven to be an excellent method for the regional mapping of geomorphic change along barrier island beaches and other sandy coasts due to storms or long-term sedimentary processes. Coastal scientists are adopting ALS as a basic method in the study of an array of additional coastal topics. ALS can provide useful information in the analysis of shoreline change, the prediction and assessment of landslides along seacliffs and headlands, examination of subsidence causing coastal land loss, and in predicting storm surge and tsunami inundation. C1 USGS, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, EG&G, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. RP Brock, JC (reprint author), USGS, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 36 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 19 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 524HJ UT WOS:000174006900001 ER PT J AU Thieler, ER Pilkey, OH Young, RS Bush, DM Chai, F AF Thieler, ER Pilkey, OH Young, RS Bush, DM Chai, F TI Reply to: Dubois, R. N., 2000. Discussion of: E. Robert Thieler, Orrin H. Pilkey, Jr., Robert S. Young, David M. Bush, and Fei Chai, 2000. The use of mathematical models to predict beach behavior for US coastal engineering: A critical review. Journal of Coastal Research, 16 (1), 48-70. Journal of Coastal Research, 16 (3), 946-949. SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. State Univ W Georgia, Dept Geol, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Oceanog, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Thieler, ER (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI thieler, e/0000-0003-4311-9717 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 194 EP 195 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 524HJ UT WOS:000174006900016 ER PT J AU Gorman, LR Haig, SM AF Gorman, LR Haig, SM TI Distribution and abundance of Snowy Plovers in eastern North America, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Charadrius alexandrinus; distribution; Endangered Species Act; shorebird; threatened species ID POPULATION TRENDS; PUERTO-RICO; BIRDS; SHOREBIRDS; ISLANDS; EXUMAS; CENSUS AB Snowy Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) are small, partially migrant shorebirds that are broadly distributed across North America. Snowy Plover distribution west of the Rocky Mountains has been well described. However, distribution and abundance east of the Rocky Mountains has not received much attention despite current status and ESA listing concerns for Snowy Plovers in the southeastern United States and the Caribbean. Thus, a first step in developing a monitoring program for Snowy Plovers is to understand the species' distribution. We summarize information on distribution and abundance of Snowy Plovers in the eastern United States, Caribbean, and Bahamas. Breeding and winter distribution maps for the continental United States were generated from a database of 3563 records from 388 sites in continental North America constructed from International Shorebird Survey (ISS), Christmas Bird Count (CBC), unpublished field data, and published accounts. Comparison of maximum counts per site (1980-present) indicated the number of breeding Snowy Plovers was greatest in Kansas and Oklahoma, while the greatest number of wintering birds occurred in the Laguna Madre of Texas and Mexico. Snowy Plovers concentrate at sites in Oklahoma and Texas during migration, with higher concentrations on the upper Texas coast in spring compared to fall migration. Data regarding historic abundance and trends are limited but suggest that Snowy Plovers in the eastern United States may have experienced regional population declines and may have suffered a range contraction in Texas. Serious concerns about the conservation status of Snowy Plovers in the eastern United States, the Caribbean, and the Bahamas indicate an immediate need for systematic surveys and up-to-date population estimates. C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1 BP 38 EP 52 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 524FG UT WOS:000174001500008 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Guy, CS Bernot, RJ Stephen, JL AF Quist, MC Guy, CS Bernot, RJ Stephen, JL TI Seasonal variation in condition, growth and food habits of walleye in a Great Plains reservoir and simulated effects of an altered thermal regime SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Percidae; Great Plains; bioenergetics; population characteristics; global warming ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; YELLOW PERCH; SOUTH-DAKOTA; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; BEHAVIOR; PREDATION; MINNESOTA; CANADENSE AB Catch rates in gillnets and relative weight (W-r) of walleye Stizostedion vitreum, in Glen Elder Reservoir, Kansas, were lowest during the summer (June-August) and highest during the autumn (September-November). Approximately 80% of their annual growth in length and mass was attained during late summer and autumn. Growth was minimal during winter (January-February) and spring (March-May). The number of walleye with empty stomachs was highest during the summer. Invertebrates (Cladocera, Chironomidae) were common in walleye stomachs during the summer and spring, but contributed little to the ingested biomass. Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum dominated walleye diets (per cent by mass) throughout the year. A bioenergetics model predicted that the proportion of maximum consumption (P-c) was highest during the autumn and was probably due to spatial overlap of walleye and gizzard shad once water temperatures were <22degreesC. The bioenergetics model predicted that walleye would lose up to 65% of their body mass during the summer if water temperature increased by 10% (as predicted by some global warming models). Growth during the autumn, winter and spring was enhanced up to 150% by increased temperatures. The results of this study indicate that lower condition, reduced consumption and slow growth are a generalized, response of walleye to extreme temperatures. Elevated temperatures may have a net positive effect on walleye growth if they can survive the high thermal stress during summer. (C) 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div,Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 69 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1329 EP 1344 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.2130 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 649QT UT WOS:000181220000001 ER PT J AU LaFrentz, BR LaPatra, SE Jones, GR Congleton, JL Sun, B Cain, KD AF LaFrentz, BR LaPatra, SE Jones, GR Congleton, JL Sun, B Cain, KD TI Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative per cent survival in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following immunization and challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody production; coldwater disease; ELISA; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; mucosal immunity; rainbow trout ID FLEXIBACTER-PSYCHROPHILUS; CYTOPHAGA-PSYCHROPHILA; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; COMPLETE ADJUVANT; ATLANTIC SALMON; FISH; DISEASE; INFECTION; FRY AB Serum and mucosal antibody responses of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss , were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunization with various preparations of formalin-killed Flavobacterium psychrophilum cells. The protective nature of these preparations was then determined by immunizing rainbow trout fry and challenging with the bacterium. Juvenile rainbow trout immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with formalin-killed F. psychrophilum emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and i.p. with formalin-killed F. psychrophilum either with or without culture supernatant generated significant serum antibody responses by 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. Significant mucosal antibody responses were detected by 9 weeks only in fish immunized i.p. with killed F. psychrophilum /FCA. Following immunization and bacterial challenge of rainbow trout fry, protective immunity was conferred in F. psychrophilum /FCA and saline/FCA groups with relative per cent survival values of up to 83 and 51, respectively. Significant protection was not observed in treatment groups immunized by immersion or i.p. without adjuvant at the challenge doses tested. Results suggest that stimulation of non-specific immune factors enhances the ability of fish to mount a protective immune response, but specific antibody appears necessary to provide near complete protection. In this study, an ELISA was developed to monitor anti-F. psychrophilum antibody production in trout. The relationship of such responses to protective immunity suggests that future vaccination strategies against coldwater disease may require stimulation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID USA. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 39 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 12 BP 703 EP 713 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00424.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 624QN UT WOS:000179771900002 ER PT J AU Shearer, JS Berry, CR AF Shearer, JS Berry, CR TI Index of biotic integrity utility for the fishery of the James River of the Dakotas SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITIES; ASSEMBLAGES; STREAMS; VARIABILITY; QUALITY AB Twenty-two metrics were evaluated and used to modify an index of biotic integrity (IBI) to assess the fish community health of five regions within the James River watershed of North Dakota and South Dakota. Pearson correlation coefficients, scatter plots, principal component analysis, and Kendall's tau were used to examine metric redundancy, response, and contribution to IBI scores. Only four metrics were strongly correlated with one other metric (r greater than or equal to 0.90). About half the metrics displayed an increasing or decreasing linear response to biotic integrity. The first two principal components accounted for 69 to 86% of the variance in the five regions of the basin. All metrics contributed to the IBI score throughout the basin, except for five metrics at upper river sites. Low species richness resulted in poor performance by most metrics for the upper 435-km North Dakota portion of the basin; however, the IBI does appear to be a useful biomonitoring tool for the lower 760-km South Dakota portion of the basin. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey,Biol Resources Div, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Shearer, JS (reprint author), S Dakota Fish & Pk, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 575 EP 588 DI 10.1080/02705060.2002.9663935 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 636RQ UT WOS:000180470900009 ER PT J AU Holycross, AT Painter, CW Prival, DB Swann, DE Schroff, MJ Edwards, T Schwalbe, CR AF Holycross, AT Painter, CW Prival, DB Swann, DE Schroff, MJ Edwards, T Schwalbe, CR TI Diet of Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNAKES; PREDATOR; ECOLOGY AB We describe the diet of Crotalus lepidus klauberi (Banded Rock Rattlesnake) using samples collected in the field and from museum specimens, as well as several records from unpublished reports. Most records (approximately 91%) were from the northern Sierra Madrean Archipelago. Diet consisted of 55.4% lizards, 28.3% scolopendromorph centipedes, 13.8% mammals, 1.9% birds, and 0.6% snakes. Sceloporus spp comprised 92.4% of lizards. Extrapolation suggests that Sceloporus jarrovii represents 82.3% of lizard records. Diet was independent of geographic distribution (mountain range), sex, source of sample (stomach vs. intestine/feces), and age class. However, predator snout-vent length differed significantly among prey types; snakes that ate birds were longest, followed in turn by those that ate mammals, lizards, and centipedes. Collection date also differed significantly among prey classes; the mean date for centipede records was later than the mean date for squamate, bird, or mammal records. We found no difference in the elevation of collection sites among prey classes. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. New Mexico Dept Game & Fish, Endangered Species Program, Santa Fe, NM 87504 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Biosci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Holycross, AT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 589 EP 597 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 634VF UT WOS:000180361700007 ER PT J AU Bridges, CM AF Bridges, CM TI Tadpoles balance foraging and predator avoidance: Effects of predation, pond drying, and hunger SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; TRADE-OFF; COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; TIME CONSTRAINTS; PREY DENSITY; BEHAVIOR; RISK; SIZE AB Organisms are predicted to make trade-offs when foraging and predator avoidance behaviors present conflicting demands. Balancing conflicting demands is important to larval amphibians because adult fitness can be strongly influenced by size at metamorphosis and duration of the larval period. Larvae in temporary ponds must maximize growth within a short time period to achieve metamorphosis before ponds dry, while simultaneously avoiding predators. To determine whether tadpoles trade off between conflicting demands, I examined tadpole (Pseudacris triseriata) activity and microhabitat use in the presence of red-spotted newts (Notopthalmus viridescens) under varying conditions of pond drying and hunger. Tadpoles significantly decreased activity and increased refuge use when predators were present The proportion of active time tadpoles spent feeding was significantly greater in predator treatments, suggesting tadpoles adaptively balance the conflicting demands of foraging and predator avoidance without making apparent trade-offs. Tadpoles responded to simulated drying conditions by accelerating development. Pond drying did not modify microhabitat use or activity in the presence of predators, suggesting tadpoles perceived predation and hunger as greater immediate threats than desiccation, and did not take more risks. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bridges, CM (reprint author), USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 627 EP 634 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 634VF UT WOS:000180361700012 ER PT J AU Saura-Mas, S Boone, MD Bridges, CM AF Saura-Mas, S Boone, MD Bridges, CM TI Evaluation of direct effects of an insecticide on gray treefrogs: Laboratory and field trials SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RANA-CLAMITANS; CARBARYL; EXPOSURE; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; PREDATION; SURVIVAL; TOXICITY C1 USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), USGS Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM michelle_boone@usgs.gov RI Saura-Mas, Sandra/M-7968-2015 OI Saura-Mas, Sandra/0000-0001-8539-427X NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 715 EP 719 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2002)036[0715:EODEOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 634VF UT WOS:000180361700028 ER PT J AU Ellis, DH Sabo, BA Fackler, JK Millsap, BA AF Ellis, DH Sabo, BA Fackler, JK Millsap, BA TI Prey of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus cassini) in Southern Argentina and Chile SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Peregrine Falcon; Falco peregrinus; Argentina; Chile; Pallid Falcon; prey C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. Wildlife Forens Serv, Irving, TX 75014 USA. Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Ellis, DH (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, HC 1,Box 4420, Oracle, AZ 85623 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 633EM UT WOS:000180269600009 ER PT J AU Nichols, SJ Garling, D AF Nichols, SJ Garling, D TI Evaluation of substitute diets for live algae in the captive maintenance of adult and subadult unionidae SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unionidae diets ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; TISSUE; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL; BIVALVIA; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; BIOPSY; MANTLE AB Ten nonlive algal diets were evaluated as potential broodstock diets for adult and subadult unionids. These diets varied significantly in their ability to support growth, reproduction and survival. Growth, increase in glycogen stores, and limited glochidial formation were seen in most unionid species on two of the diets. However, long-term survival (>3 y) remained problematic, and the cause of mortality in these animals could not be determined. While two of the diets tested are potentially useful for supplemental feeding of adult unionids to increase glycogen levels during quarantine, or during short-term captive maintenance in the laboratory, none can be recommended without reservation for long-term maintenance because of the lack of survival after three years during this study. C1 USGS, GLSC, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Nichols, SJ (reprint author), USGS, GLSC, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 875 EP 881 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 638ND UT WOS:000180576400064 ER PT J AU Kuris, AM Torchin, ME Lafferty, KD AF Kuris, AM Torchin, ME Lafferty, KD TI Fecampia erythrocephala rediscovered: prevalence and distribution of a parasitold of the European shore crab, Carcinus maenas SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article AB An ecological assessment of Fecampia erythrocephala, reporting its habitat distribution, abundance, host specificity, size-specific prevalence, frequency distribution among hosts, effect on host growth, and its site specificity within these hosts is presented. At the Isle of Man and near Plymouth, Fecampia erythrocephala cocoons were generally abundant on the undersides of rocks in the Ascophyllum and Fucus serratus zones. Infected crabs were also most common in these habitats. Both Carcinus maenas and Cancer pagurus were parasitized at similar prevalences, although the former species was relatively much more common in the habitats where the worm cocoons were abundant. Fecampia erythrocephala did not infect crabs larger than I I mm carapace width, and prevalence decreased significantly with crab size. Prevalences reached 11% in areas where cocoons were abundant. Together with the large size of these worms relative to the size of the host crabs and the observations on worm emergence, these life history features indicate that F. erythrocephala is a parasitoid of young shore crabs. Fecampla erythrocephala cocoon abundance is often high in localized areas and size-prevalence information suggests that worms mature rapidly in these crabs. This suggests that F erythrocephala is an important contributor to crab mortality and to the ecology of shore crabs at these sites. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kuris, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1017/S0025315402006446 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 642YK UT WOS:000180834800004 ER PT J AU Runkel, RL AF Runkel, RL TI A new metric for determining the importance of transient storage SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE transient storage; hyporheic zone; solute transport; travel time; tracer; OTIS ID LONGITUDINAL SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS; HEADWATER STREAMS; TRACER; SIMULATION; PARAMETERS; RETENTION; EQUATIONS; INCREASE AB A review of various metrics used to characterize transient storage indicates that none of the existing measures successfully integrate the interaction between advective velocity and the transient storage parameters (storage zone, area, storage zone exchange coefficient). Further, 2 existing metrics are related to mean travel time, a quantity that is independent of the storage zone exchange coefficient, a. This interaction and the effect of a on travel time are important considerations when determining the mass of solute entering the storage zone within a given reach. A new metric based on median reach travel time is therefore proposed. Median reach travel time due to advection-dispersion and transient storage, and median reach travel time due solely to advection-dispersion are computed based on numerical simulations. These 2 travel times are used to determine F-med, the fraction of median travel time due to transient storage. Application of the new metric to 53 existing parameter sets indicates that transient storage accounts for 0.12% to 68.0% of total reach travel time. Rankings of storage zone importance based on the new metric are substantially different from rankings based on storage zone residence time, storage exchange flux, and the hydrological retention factor. These differences result from the ability of the new metric to characterize the interaction between advective velocity and transient storage, and the resultant effects on reach travel time and mass transport. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Runkel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25046,MS 415, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 26 TC 114 Z9 121 U1 3 U2 32 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 529 EP 543 DI 10.2307/1468428 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 619YM UT WOS:000179505500002 ER PT J AU Cao, Y Larsen, DP Hughes, RM Angermeier, PL Patton, TM AF Cao, Y Larsen, DP Hughes, RM Angermeier, PL Patton, TM TI Sampling effort affects multivariate comparisons of stream assemblages SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE similarity indices; classification strength; multivariate analyses; aquatic community; benthic macroinvertebrates; fish; data quality ID DETRENDED CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PUTTING THINGS; MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORDINATION METHODS; FISH COMMUNITIES; SCALE DEPENDENCE; ECOLOGY; SIMILARITY; RIVER AB Multivariate analyses are used widely for determining patterns of assemblage structure, inferring species-environment relationships and assessing human impacts on ecosystems. The estimation of ecological patterns often depends on sampling effort, so the degree to which sampling effort affects the outcome of multivariate analyses is a concern. We examined the effect of sampling effort on site and group separation, which was measured using a mean similarity method. Two similarity measures, the Jaccard Coefficient and Bray-Curtis Index were investigated with 1 benthic macroinvertebrate and 2 fish data sets. Site separation was significantly improved with increased sampling effort because the similarity between replicate samples of a site increased more rapidly than between sites. Similarly, the faster increase in similarity between sites of the same group than between sites of different groups caused clearer separation between groups. The strength of site and group separation completely stabilized only when the mean similarity between replicates reached 1. These results are applicable to commonly used multivariate techniques such as cluster analysis and ordination because these multivariate techniques start with a similarity matrix. Completely stable outcomes of multivariate analyses are not feasible. Instead, we suggest 2 criteria for estimating the stability of multivariate analyses of assemblage data: 1) mean within-site similarity across all sites compared, indicating sample representativeness, and 2) the SD of within-site similarity across sites, measuring sample comparability. C1 NHEERL, ORD, USEPA, Western Ecol Div,NRC Res Associateship Program, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Dynamac, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. SE Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Durant, OK 74701 USA. RP Cao, Y (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 66 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 24 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 701 EP 714 DI 10.2307/1468440 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 619YM UT WOS:000179505500014 ER PT J AU Ginsberg, HS Butler, M Zhioua, E AF Ginsberg, HS Butler, M Zhioua, E TI Effect of deer exclusion by fencing on abundance of Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) on Fire Island, New York, USA SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; deer exclusion; tick management ID LONE-STAR TICKS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ADULTS AB The effects of deer exclusion on northern populations of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum, were tested at the Lighthouse Tract, Fire Island, NY, USA, where densities of this species have increased recently. Game fencing was erected to exclude deer from two sites of roughly one ha each, and populations of nymphal and adult A. americanum within were compared with those at control sites outside the exclosures. Percent control of nymphs within vs. outside the exclosures averaged 48.4% in the four years post-treatment, compared to pretreatment values. Percent control varied markedly in different years, suggesting that factors in addition to deer densities had strong effects on population densities of A. americanum. Exclosures of this size did not control adult A. americanum. Effects of deer exclusion in this recently expanded northern population of A. americanum were similar to those that have been reported for southern populations of this species. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Coastal Field Stn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Invertebrate Pathol Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Tick Res Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Ginsberg, HS (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Coastal Field Stn, Woodward Hall PLS, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 635DG UT WOS:000180382300005 PM 12546457 ER PT J AU Busing, RT Fujimori, T AF Busing, RT Fujimori, T TI Dynamics of composition and structure in an old Sequoia sempervirens forest SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coast redwood; disturbance regime; forest succession; gap dynamics; regeneration; tree ingrowth; tree mortality ID PICEA-ABIES FOREST; GAP; REGENERATION AB Dynamics of a Sequoia sempervirens forest in northern California were studied with long-term plot data (1.44 ha) and recent transect data. The study was conducted in an old stand (> 1100 yr) on alluvial flats. Over three decades (1972-2001), changes in the composition and structure of the tree stratum were minor. Sequoia maintained a broad distribution of stem diameters throughout the period. Annual rates of Sequoia mortality (0.0029) and ingrowth (0.0029) were low, reflecting the great longevity of Sequoia and the slow canopy turnover of the study forest. Transect data also indicated a low frequency of canopy gap disturbance (less than or equal to 0.4% of total land area per yr), but gap size was potentially large (< 0.1 ha) and the fraction of area in gaps (ca. 20%) was similar to other temperate forests. Regeneration quadrats sampled along transects, in gap centers, and on logs revealed that Sequoia regeneration is elevated at gap edges. The longevity of Sequoia and its response to gap disturbances ensure that it will remain a dominant species in the study forest. C1 Oregon State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Japan Forest Technol Assoc, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020085, Japan. RP Busing, RT (reprint author), USGS, NHEER Lab, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 18 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02108.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 653VJ UT WOS:000181457500005 ER PT J AU Cheng, E Yeung, C AF Cheng, E Yeung, C TI Generalized extreme gust wind speeds distributions SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering CY OCT 21-24, 2001 CL KYOTO, JAPAN DE gust winds; general Pareto distribution; generalized extreme value distribution; cumulative mean exceedance method; Gumbel and reverse Weibull distributions ID PARETO DISTRIBUTION; PEAKS AB Since summer 1996, the US wind engineers are using the extreme gust (or 3-s gust) as the basic wind speed to quantify the destruction of extreme winds. In order to better understand these destructive wind forces, it is important to know the appropriate representations of these extreme gust wind speeds. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the most suitable extreme value distributions for the annual extreme gust wind speeds recorded in large selected areas. To achieve this objective, we are using the generalized Pareto distribution as the diagnostic tool for determining the types of extreme gust wind speed distributions. The three-parameter generalized extreme value distribution function is, thus, reduced to either Type I Gumbel, Type II Frechet or Type III reverse Weibull distribution function for the annual extreme gust wind speeds recorded at a specific site. With the considerations of the quality and homogeneity of gust wind data collected at more than 750 weather stations throughout the United States, annual extreme gust wind speeds at selected 143 stations in the contiguous United States were used in the study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Cheng, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 90 IS 12-15 BP 1657 EP 1669 AR PII S0167-6105(02)00277-5 DI 10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00277-5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 623PR UT WOS:000179712500020 ER PT J AU Cooper, AK Hart, PE AF Cooper, AK Hart, PE TI High-resolution seismic-reflection investigation of the northern Gulf of Mexico gas-hydrate-stability zone SO MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas-hydrate; high-reflectivity zones; high-resolution seismic; northern gulf of Mexico; sealloor slides; chimney feature ID CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; OFFSHORE LOUISIANA; CHEMOSYNTHETIC COMMUNITIES; GREEN CANYON; EWING BANK; SEDIMENTS; SALT; EVOLUTION; FLUID AB We recorded high-resolution seismic-reflection data in the northern Gulf of Mexico to study gas and gas-hydrate distribution and their relation to seafloor slides. Gas hydrate is widely reported near the seafloor, but is described at only one deep drill site. Our data show high-reflectivity zones (HRZs) near faults, diapirs, and gas vents and interbedded within sedimentary sections at shallow depth (< 1 km). The HRZs lie below the gas-hydrate-stability zone (GHSZ) as well as within the zone (less common), and they coincide with zones of shallow water-flows. Bottom simulating reflections are rare in the Gulf, and not documented in our data. We infer HRZs result largely from free gas in sandy beds, with gas hydrate within the GHSZ. Our estimates for the base BHSZ correlate reasonably with the top of HRZs in some thick well-layered basin sections, but poorly where shallow sediments are thin and strongly deformed. The equivocal correlation results from large natural variability of parameters that are used to calculate the base of the GHSZ. The HRZs may, however, be potential indicators of nearby gas hydrate. The HRZs also lie at the base of at least two large seafloor slides (e.g. up to 250 km(2)) that may be actively moving along decollement faults that sole within the GHSZ or close to the estimated base of the GHSZ. We suspect that water/gas flow along these and other faults such as 'chimney' features provide gas to permit crystallization of gas hydrate in the GHSZ. Such flows weaken sediment that slide down salt-oversteepened slopes when triggered by earthquakes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cooper, AK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8172 J9 MAR PETROL GEOL JI Mar. Pet. Geol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1275 EP 1293 AR PII S0264-8172(02)00107-1 DI 10.1016/S0264-8172(02)00107-1 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 694AD UT WOS:000183749800006 ER PT J AU Lambert, LL Wardlaw, BR Nestell, MK Nestell, GP AF Lambert, LL Wardlaw, BR Nestell, MK Nestell, GP TI Latest Guadalupian (Middle Permian) conodonts and foraminifers from West Texas SO MICROPALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAMAR LIMESTONE; DELAWARE BASIN AB Clarkina, which characterizes Upper Permian (Lopingian Series) strata. evoked from Jinogandolella altudaensis in the Delaware basin of West Texas as demonstrated by transitional continuity. The West Texas section is significantly more complete in the uppermost Guadalupian interval than that of the probable GSSP reference section in South China, and clarifies the phylogenetic relationships among other conodont taxa as well. Jinogondolella granti clearly evolved into J. artafrons new species, both characterized by Pa elements with a distinctive fused carina. Representatives of Jinogondolella crofti are limited to the uppermost part of the altudaensis zone, and are interpreted as terminal paedomorphs. The associated foraminifer (non-fusulinid) fauna has some species in common with Zechstein faunas, possibly presaging the evaporitic basin that would develop following this latest Guadalupian marine deposition in West Texas. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Lambert, LL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RI Lambert, Lance/G-1985-2011 OI Lambert, Lance/0000-0002-6926-3058 NR 52 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU MICROPALEONTOLOGY PRESS PI NEW YORK PA AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY 79TH ST AT CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0026-2803 J9 MICROPALEONTOLOGY JI Micropaleontology PD WIN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 4 BP 343 EP 364 DI 10.1661/0026-2803(2002)048[0343:LGMPCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 631VB UT WOS:000180186500002 ER PT J AU Macdonald, R Belkin, HE AF Macdonald, R Belkin, HE TI Compositional variation in minerals of the chevkinite group SO MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Review DE chevkinite; perrierite; compositional variation ID HIGH-SILICA RHYOLITES; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; MAGMA CHAMBER PROCESSES; PERALKALINE GRANITES; SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; ACCESSORY MINERALS; CALDERA COMPLEX; VOLCANIC CENTER AB The composition of chevkinite and perrierite, the most common members of the chevkinite group. is closely expressed by the formula A(4)BC(2)D(2)Si(4)O(22), where A = (La,Ce,Ca,Sr,Th), B = Fe2+, C = (Fe2+,Fe3+,Ti,Al,Zr,Nb) and D = Ti. The A site is dominated by a strong negative correlation between (Ca+Sr) and the REE. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are very variable, e.g. in LREE/HREE and Eu/Eu*. The C site is dominated by Ti, Al and Fe2+, in very variable proportions, Most chevkinites and perrierites are close to stoichiometric, with cation sums between 12.9 and 13.5, compared to the theoretical 13. There is no single, generally applicable charge balancing substitution scheme in the group: however, the general relationship (Ca+Sr)(A) + Ti-C, = REEA + M-C(3+,2+) defines a linear array with r(2) = 0.91. Chevkinite and perrierite are shown to be compositionally distinct on the basis of CaO, FeO*, Al2O3 and Ce2O3 abundances, Chevkinite forms mainly in chemically evolved parageneses. such as syenites, rhyolites and fenites associated with carbonatite complexes. Perrierite is more commonly recorded from igneous rocks of mafic to intermediate composition, The compositional characteristics and possible Structural formulae of other members of the chevkinite group are reviewed briefly. C1 Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Macdonald, R (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. OI Belkin, Harvey/0000-0001-7879-6529 NR 145 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 41 QUEENS GATE, LONDON SW7 5HR, ENGLAND SN 0026-461X J9 MINERAL MAG JI Mineral. Mag. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1075 EP 1098 DI 10.1180/0026461026660078 PG 24 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 639YE UT WOS:000180657200018 ER PT J AU Kelly, TD AF Kelly, TD TI Raw materials and technology fuel US economic growth SO MINING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kelly, TD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 750,Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0026-5187 J9 MIN ENG-LITTLETON JI Mining Eng. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 54 IS 12 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA 628NU UT WOS:000180003000016 ER PT J AU Henderson-Arzapalo, A King, TL AF Henderson-Arzapalo, A King, TL TI Novel microsatellite markers for Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) population delineation and broodstock management SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Acipenser oxyrinchus; microsatellite; population genetics; sequence homology; sturgeon AB Twenty-one new disomic, polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were isolated in Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus. These markers yielded a total of 220 alleles in a survey of 16 fish; two to 21 alleles/locus were observed. Each locus segregated in a Mendelian fashion when tested in a family, and a set of 14 of the loci distinguished between siblings and half-siblings. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 18.8 to 100.0%, and no linkage disequilibrium was detected. These loci should detect sufficient genetic diversity to allow kinship analysis for broodstock management, gene marking for stocking assessment and life history studies, and delineation of fine-scale population structure. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Aquat Ecol Lab, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 437 EP 439 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00262.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400018 ER PT J AU Eackles, MS King, TL AF Eackles, MS King, TL TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Lampsilis abrupta (Bivalvia : Unionidae) and cross-species amplification within the genus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Lampsilis abrupta; microsatellites; pink mucket; unionid AB We have documented the first microsatellites isolated from a unionid and demonstrated that these markers can be useful for surveys of neutral genetic variation in several Lampsilis species. We describe the isolation and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for the endangered unionid Lampsilis abrupta. Among individuals from five collections, allelic diversity ranged from six to 17 alleles and averaged 10.4 alleles per locus. Individual heterozygosity was observed to range from 20.0% to 86.7% and averaged 46.9%. Cross-species amplification was investigated in nine additional Lampsilis species. A high level of flanking sequence similarity was inferred as 13 of 15 loci amplified in at least seven species. C1 Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Branch, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 4 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2002.00323.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400061 ER PT J AU Redman, RS Rodriguez, RJ AF Redman, RS Rodriguez, RJ TI Characterization and isolation of an extracellular serine protease from the tomato pathogen Colletotrichum coccodes, and it's role in pathogenicity SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM; ENDOPHYTIC MUTUALIST; PECTATE LYASE; LINDEMUTHIANUM; HOST; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; PURIFICATION; REQUIREMENT; CONVERSION; EXPRESSION AB Extracellular enzymes play an important role in the pathogenicity and virulence of phytopathogenic fungi. Several isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes, causal agent of anthracnose on tomato, were screened to determine the relationship between protease activity and virulence. A direct relationship was observed between extracellular protease activity and the induction of disease symptoms of fruit and mortality in plants. Isolate Cc155 exhibited the highest protease activity after five days of growth in protease induction medium and produced an extracellular serine protease (sp78) that was 78 kDa, auto-degradative, glucose repressible, and non-glycosylated. To determine the role of sp78 in pathogenicity, a uv-induced extracellular protease deficient mutant (np155) was generated from the wildtype isolate Cc155. Np155 maintained growth rates comparable to Cc155 and produced wildtype levels of extracellular cellulase but did not produce extracellular protease. Unlike Cc155, np155 caused no disease symptoms on tomato fruit and 0% mortality on tomato seedlings. These results suggest that extracellular protease activity is required for pathogenicity and virulence of C. coccodes, and that the elimination of protease activity transforms a virulent pathogen to a non-pathogenic endophyte. C1 US Geol Survey, BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 106 BP 1427 EP 1434 DI 10.1017/S0953756202006883 PN 12 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 643FG UT WOS:000180850800008 ER PT J AU Richards, JP Crafford, AEJ Wannamaker, P Sims, P AF Richards, JP Crafford, AEJ Wannamaker, P Sims, P TI Deep crustal controls on mineral trends SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 T Crafford & Associates, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Richards, JP (reprint author), T Crafford & Associates, 3000 Princeton Way, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 126 AR PII S0169-1368(02)00086-0 PG 2 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 615DP UT WOS:000179230800001 ER PT J AU Crafford, AEJ Grauch, VJS AF Crafford, AEJ Grauch, VJS TI Geologic and geophysical evidence for the influence of deep crustal structures on Paleozoic tectonics and the alignment of world-class gold deposits, north-central Nevada, USA SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE carlin-type gold; deep crustal structures; magnetic; isotope; Nevada; paleozoic tectonics ID ROBERTS-MOUNTAINS ALLOCHTHON; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CARLIN-TYPE DEPOSITS; CAMBRIAN ZABRISKIE QUARTZITE; PASSIVE CONTINENTAL MARGINS; DEATH-VALLEY REGION; GREAT-BASIN; NORTHEASTERN NEVADA; THRUST BELT; OVERPRESSURED FLUIDS AB Geologic data concur with geophysical and isotopic data that suggest the presence of deep crustal fault zones along the Battle Mountain-Eureka (BME) trend and elsewhere in Nevada. The fault zones may have originated during Proterozoic rifting of the continent and were likely substantially reactivated and modified during Paleozoic tectonism. Five distinct Paleozoic structural and stratigraphic domains are defined that demonstrate the complexity of Paleozoic tectonic events and also lead to hypotheses about ways in which the margin could have been modified. The current locations of these domains adjacent to the geophysically and isotopically defined indicators of the buried continent edge corroborate their interactions with the continental margin. During the Tertiary, preexisting crustal fault zones were intersected and reopened during episodes of extension and served as the conduits for deep-sourced, gold-rich fluids, which were disseminated into Paleozoic slope facies sedimentary rocks, forming sediment-hosted Carlin-type and other deposits. Multiple factors including the locations of these deep-seated structures, the original configuration of the lower Paleozoic continental margin of Nevada, and its subsequent reactivation during the Paleozoic all were fundamental controls on the location of younger mineral deposits. A clearer understanding of the original configuration of the margin and of the effects of subsequent Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic events on the margin would provide insight into the locations of these and other prospective mineral belts. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 T Crafford & Associates, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Crafford, AEJ (reprint author), T Crafford & Associates, 3000 Princeton Way, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 168 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 184 AR PII S0169-1368(02)00088-4 DI 10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00088-4 PG 28 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 615DP UT WOS:000179230800003 ER PT J AU Sims, PK Stein, HJ Finn, CA AF Sims, PK Stein, HJ Finn, CA TI New Mexico structural zone-an analogue of the Colorado mineral belt SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE mineral deposits; proterozoic; rejuvenation; rocky mountains ID NORTH-AMERICA; EVOLUTION AB Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the nor-them part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia-Manzano Mountains-where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts-indicate that the north east-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus. the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous-Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous-Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico. The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits. in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona, The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, AIRIE Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Finn, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 225 AR PII S0169-1368(02)00090-2 DI 10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00090-2 PG 15 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 615DP UT WOS:000179230800005 ER PT J AU Twedt, DJ Wilson, RR Henne-Kerr, JL Grosshuesch, DA AF Twedt, DJ Wilson, RR Henne-Kerr, JL Grosshuesch, DA TI Avian response to bottomland hardwood reforestation: The first 10 years SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birds; bottomland; colonization; density; forest; hardwood; Neotropical migrants; reforestation; restoration ID ALLUVIAL VALLEY; CONSERVATION; FOREST; SUCCESS; BIRDS; TREES AB Bottomland hardwood forests were planted on agricultural fields in Mississippi and Louisiana predominantly using either Quercus species (oaks) or Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood). We assessed avian colonization of these reforested sites between 2 and 10 years after planting. Rapid vertical growth of cottonwoods (circa 2-3 m/year) resulted in sites with forest structure that supported greater species richness of breeding birds, increased Shannon diversity indices, and supported greater territory densities than on sites planted with slower-growing oak species. Grassland birds (Spiza americana [Dickcissel] and Sturnella magna [Eastern Meadowlark]) were indicative of species breeding on oak-dominated reforestation no more than 10 years old. Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged Blackbird) and Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite) characterized cottonwood reforestation no more than 4 years old, whereas 14 species of shrub-scrub birds (e. g., Passerina cyanea [Indigo Bunting]) and early-successional forest birds (e. g., Vireo gilvus [Warbling vireo]) typified cottonwood reforestation 5 to 9 years after planting. Rates of daily nest survival did not differ between reforestation strategies. Nest parasitism increased markedly in older cottonwood stands but was overwhelmed by predation as a cause of nest failure. Based on Partners in Flight prioritization scores and territory densities, the value of cottonwood reforestation for avian conservation was significantly greater than that of oak reforestation during their first 10 years. Because of benefits conferred on breeding birds, we recommend reforestation of bottomland hardwoods should include a high proportion of fast-growing early successional species such as cottonwood. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Crown Vintage, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Twedt, DJ (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. OI Twedt, Daniel/0000-0003-1223-5045 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 645 EP 655 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01045.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619TN UT WOS:000179493700005 ER PT J AU Middleton, B AF Middleton, B TI Winter burning and the reduction of Cornus sericea in sedge meadows in southern Wisconsin SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carex stricta; cattle grazing; Cornus sericea; disturbance dynamics; fen; shrub carr; succession ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; WILLAMETTE VALLEY; TEMPORAL CHANGES; SEED BANKS; FIRE; WETLAND; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; OREGON; DATES AB To control shrubs, which are increasing in dominance in wetlands worldwide, winter burning may be an important tool, especially from the perspective of minimizing urban hazards. The goal of this project was to determine if winter burning was successful in reducing the dominance (mean percentage cover and maximum height) of Cornus sericea in sedge meadows in southern Wisconsin, where shrubs proliferated after cattle were excluded. Experimental burn and control plots were set up within sedge meadows, including an ungrazed "reference" site that had been little, if ever, grazed and a "historically grazed" site, a recovery site that had not been grazed by cattle since 1973. None of the dominant species including C. sericea was significantly affected by burning for either mean percentage cover or maximum height (analysis of variance: no burning x species interaction). Both mean percentage cover and maximum height were only weakly related to burning (28.1 and 14.3% of the variability contributed to the cumulative percentage of the coefficient of determination, respectively) at both sites based on non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. Although species richness increased in burned plots in 1999 and 2000, no differences were apparent between pre-burned and unburned plots in 1997 and unburned plots in 1999 and 2000 (analysis of variance: year x burning interaction). After burning in the ungrazed site, herbaceous species appeared that had not been detected for decades, including Chelone glabra and Lathyrus palustris. Exotic species were present in both the ungrazed reference and recovery site. Although winter burning treatments did not reduce the dominance of woody shrub species in the site recovering from cattle grazing, burning was useful in stimulating the maintenance of species richness in the ungrazed sedge meadow. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Middleton, B (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. OI Middleton, Beth/0000-0002-1220-2326 NR 45 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 723 EP 730 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01053.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619TN UT WOS:000179493700013 ER PT J AU Nychka, D Wikle, C Royle, JA AF Nychka, Douglas Wikle, Christopher Royle, J. Andrew TI Multiresolution models for nonstationary spatial covariance functions SO STATISTICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE wavelet; Kriging; multiresolution; ozone pollution AB Many geophysical and environmental problems depend on estimating a spatial process that has nonstationary structure. A nonstationary model is proposed based on the spatial field being a linear combination of multiresolution (wavelet) basis functions and random coefficients. The key is to allow for a limited number of correlations among coefficients and also to use a wavelet basis that is smooth. When approximately 6% nonzero correlations are enforced, this representation gives a good approximation to a family of Matern covariance functions. This sparseness is important not only for model parsimony but also has implications for the efficient analysis of large spatial data sets. The covariance model is successfully applied to ozone model output and results in a nonstationary but smooth estimate. C1 [Nychka, Douglas] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Geophys Stat Project, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wikle, Christopher] Univ Missouri, Dept Stat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Royle, J. Andrew] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Adapt Management & Assessment Team, Laurel, MD USA. RP Nychka, D (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM nychka@ucar.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-93122686, DMS-9815344] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants DMS-93122686 and DMS-9815344. We would like to thank the two reviewers of this paper for their indulgence in reading a manuscript with many errors and their willingness to give constructive comments. NR 14 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1471-082X EI 1477-0342 J9 STAT MODEL JI Stat. Model. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 315 EP 331 DI 10.1191/1471082x02st037oa PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA V41FW UT WOS:000209533100005 ER PT J AU King, DT Michot, TC AF King, DT Michot, TC TI Distribution, abundance and habitat use of American White Pelicans in the delta region of Mississippi and along the western Gulf of Mexico coast SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE aerial surveys; American White Pelican; Gulf of Mexico coast; habitat use; Louisiana; Mississippi; Mexico; Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; Texas AB Aerial surveys of American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) were conducted over coastal Louisiana and the delta region of Mississippi on 1-2 days during December, February, and April each year from 1997 to 1999. Additional surveys were conducted in coastal Texas and Mexico during January, v 1998 and 1999. The numbers, location, and habitat of all pelicans observed were recorded. The coastal zone of Louisiana consistently had higher numbers of pelicans (18,000 to 35,000 birds) than other areas surveyed (3,000 to 8,000 birds), indicating that Louisiana may be the most important wintering area for American White Pelicans east of the Rocky Mountains. Among the four regions surveyed, the average size of pelican flocks was largest in Mississippi during January-February, particularly in 1999 ((x) over bar - 245 birds/flock). Pelican numbers in Mississippi peaked in February but in Louisiana they were more variable. Pelicans in the delta region of Mississippi were found most often in fresh water and sand bar habitats during December, flooded field habitats during February, and catfish ponds in April. In Louisiana, pelicans used fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes during Deccmber, but showed a preference for brackish and saline marshes in February and April. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP King, DT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA,Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi Field Stn, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0410:DAAHUO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 620LW UT WOS:000179535700003 ER EF