FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Nusser, SM Klaas, EE AF Nusser, SM Klaas, EE TI Survey methods for assessing land cover map accuracy SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE environmental surveys; GAP; survey sampling ID REMOTELY SENSED DATA AB The increasing availability of digital photographic materials has fueled efforts by agencies and organizations to generate land cover maps for states, regions, and the United States as a whole. Regardless of the information sources and classification methods used, land cover maps are subject to numerous sources of error. In order to understand the quality of the information contained in these maps, it is desirable to generate statistically valid estimates of accuracy rates describing misclassification errors. We explored a full sample survey framework for creating accuracy assessment study designs that balance statistical and operational considerations in relation to study objectives for a regional assessment of GAP land cover maps. We focused not only on appropriate sample designs and estimation approaches, but on aspects of the data collection process, such as gaining cooperation of land owners and using pixel clusters as an observation unit. The approach was tested in a pilot study to assess the accuracy of Iowa GAP land cover maps. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design addressed sample size requirements for land covers and the need for geographic spread while minimizing operational effort. Recruitment methods used for private land owners yielded high response rates, minimizing a source of nonresponse error. Collecting data for a 9-pixel cluster centered on the sampled pixel was simple to implement, and provided better information on rarer vegetation classes as well as substantial gains in precision relative to observing data at a single-pixel. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nusser, SM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 309 EP 331 DI 10.1023/A:1025107023980 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 711AQ UT WOS:000184715300002 ER PT J AU Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Butterbrodt, JJ Mengelkoch, J MacDougall, K Williams, B Pendergrass, P AF Vyas, NB Spann, JW Hulse, CS Butterbrodt, JJ Mengelkoch, J MacDougall, K Williams, B Pendergrass, P TI Insecticide residues on weathered passerine carcass feet SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE birds; chlorpyrifos; diazinon; feet; insecticides; residues; weathering ID PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE AB Nine brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) were exposed to turf sprayed with either EarthCare(R) (25% diazinon; 4.77 L a.i./ha) or Ortho-Klor(R)(12.6% chlorpyrifos; 5.21 L a.i./ha). Birds were euthanized and one foot from each bird was weathered outdoors for up to 28 days and the other foot was kept frozen until residue analysis. When compared to the unweathered feet, feet weathered for 28 days retained 43% and 37% of the diazinon and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Insecticide residues were below the level of detection (1.0 ppm) on control feet. Weathered feet may be used for determining organophosphorus insecticide exposure to birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20854 USA. RP Vyas, NB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20854 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1080/15275920390230787 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731YT UT WOS:000185914600008 ER PT J AU Eisler, R AF Eisler, R TI Health risks of gold miners: A synoptic review SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE gold; gold mining; human health; mercury; silicosis ID TAPAJOS RIVER BASIN; STATE-OF-PARA; MERCURY POLLUTION; HUMAN EXPOSURE; HUMAN HAIR; MINING ACTIVITIES; SOUTH-AFRICA; LUNG-CANCER; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AB Health problems of gold miners who worked underground include decreased life expectancy; increased frequency of cancer of the trachea, bronchus, lung, stomach, and liver; increased frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), silicosis, and pleural diseases; increased frequency of insect-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever; noise-induced hearing loss; increased prevalence of certain bacterial and viral diseases; and diseases of the blood, skin, and musculoskeletal system. These problems are briefly documented in gold miners from Australia, North America, South America, and Africa. In general, HIV infection or excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption tended to exacerbate existing health problems. Miners who used elemental mercury to amalgamate and extract gold were heavily contaminated with mercury. Among individuals exposed occupationally, concentrations of mercury in their air, fish diet, hair, urine, blood, and other tissues significantly exceeded all criteria proposed by various national and international regulatory agencies for protection of human health. However, large-scale epidemiological evidence of severe mercury-associated health problems in this cohort was not demonstrable. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Eisler, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 91 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 325 EP 345 DI 10.1023/A:1024573701073 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 696TV UT WOS:000183904400004 PM 12971253 ER PT J AU Boarman, WI AF Boarman, WI TI Managing a subsidized predator population: Reducing common raven predation on desert tortoises SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE subsidized predators; vertebrate pests; endangered species management ID MOJAVE DESERT; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION; BIRDS; REPELLENTS; MORTALITY; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; HABITS AB Human communities often are an inadvertent source of food, water, and other resources to native species of wildlife. Because these resources are more stable and predictable than those in a natural environment, animals that subsist on them are able to increase in numbers and expand their range, much to the detriment of their competitors and species they prey upon. In the Mojave Desert, common ravens (Corvus corax) have benefited from human-provided resources to increase in population size precipitously in recent years. This trend has caused concern because ravens prey on juvenile desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), a federally threatened species. In this paper, I discuss management strategies to reduce raven predation on desert tortoises. The recommendations fall into three categories: (1) managing raven populations by reducing access to anthropogenic resources; (2) removing offending ravens or other birds in specially targeted tortoise management zones; and (3) continuing research on raven ecology, raven behavior, and methods of reducing raven predation on tortoises. I also recommend approaching the problem within an adaptive management framework: management efforts should first be employed as scientific experiments-with replicates and controls-to yield an unbiased assessment of their effectiveness. Furthermore, these strategies should be implemented in concert with actions that reduce other causes of desert tortoise mortality to aid the long-term recovery of their populations. Overall, the approaches outlined in this paper are widely applicable to the management of subsidized predators, particularly where they present a threat to a declining species of prey. C1 USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Boarman, WI (reprint author), USGS Western Ecol Res Ctr, 5745 Kearny Villa Rd,Suite M, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM william_boarman@usgs.gov NR 63 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-2982-x PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 738GZ UT WOS:000186279500003 PM 14753646 ER PT J AU Taft, OW Haig, SM Kiilsgaard, C AF Taft, OW Haig, SM Kiilsgaard, C TI Use of radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) to map winter wetland habitat for shorebirds in an agricultural landscape SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agricultural landscape; RADARSAT; radar remote sensing; shorebirds; wetland habitat mapping; Willamette Valley ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; SAR DATA; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; TM-IMAGERY; BACKSCATTER; FORESTS; DUNLIN AB Many of today's agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38degrees incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy of four habitat classes: (1) wet with less than or equal to 50% vegetation (considered optimal shorebird habitat), (2) wet with > 50% vegetation, (3) dry with less than or equal to 50% vegetation, and (4) dry with > 50% vegetation. Overall accuracy varied from 45 to 60% among the three images, but the accuracy of focal class 1 was greater, ranging from 72 to 80%. Class 4 coverage was stable and dominated maps (40% of mapped study area) for all three dates, while class 3 coverage decreased slightly throughout the study period. Among wet classes, class 1 was most abundant (30% coverage) in December and January, decreasing in March by 15%. Conversely, class 2 increased dramatically from January to March, likely due to transition from class 1 as vegetation grew. This approach was successful in detecting optimal habitat for shorebirds on agricultural lands. For modest classification schemes, radar remote sensing is a valuable option for wetland mapping in areas where cloud cover is persistent. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NW Habitat Inst, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Taft, OW (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 268 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2920-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 738GZ UT WOS:000186279500008 PM 14753651 ER PT J AU Kuwabara, JS Carter, JL Topping, BR Fend, SV Woods, PF Berelson, WM Balistrieri, LS AF Kuwabara, JS Carter, JL Topping, BR Fend, SV Woods, PF Berelson, WM Balistrieri, LS TI Importance of sediment-water interactions in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, USA: management implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water-quality management; benthic flux; sediment-water interactions; nonpoint sources; contaminant transport; phosphate limitation ID TRACE-ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; ZINC; MOBILIZATION; ASSOCIATIONS; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHORUS; BACTERIUM; TRANSPORT; PHOSPHATE AB A field study at Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, USA, was conducted between October 1998 and August 2001 to examine the potential importance of sediment-water interactions on contaminant transport and to provide the first direct measurements of the benthic flux of dissolved solutes of environmental concern in this lake. Because of potential ecological effects, dissolved zinc and orthophosphate were the solutes of primary interest. Results from deployments of an in situ flux chamber indicated that benthic fluxes of dissolved Zn and orthophosphate were comparable in magnitude to riverine inputs. Tracer analyses and benthic-community metrics provided evidence that solute benthic flux were diffusion-controlled at the flux-chamber deployment sites. That is, effects of biomixing (or bioturbation) and ground-water interactions did not strongly influence benthic flux. Remediation efforts in the river might not produce desired water-quality effects in the lake because imposed shifts in concentration gradients near the sediment-water interface would generate a benthic feedback response. Therefore, development of water-quality models to justify remediation strategies requires consideration of contaminant flux between the water column and underlying sediment in basins that have been affected by long-term (decadal) anthropogenic activities. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Geol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kuwabara, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 44 TC 18 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0020-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 746PQ UT WOS:000186755100005 PM 14753620 ER PT J AU Zhu, LZ Chen, BL Tao, S Chiou, CT AF Zhu, LZ Chen, BL Tao, S Chiou, CT TI Interactions of organic contaminants with mineral-adsorbed surfactants SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATIONIC SURFACTANT; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; SORBED SURFACTANTS; P-NITROPHENOL; SORPTION; WATER; SOILS; BIOAVAILABILITY; NAPHTHALENE; ORGANOBENTONITES AB Sorption of organic contaminants (phenol, p-nitrophenol, and naphthalene) to natural solids (soils and bentonite) with and without myristylpyridinium bromide (MPB) cationic surfactant was studied to provide novel insight to interactions of contaminants with the mineral-adsorbed surfactant. Contaminant sorption coefficients with mineral-adsorbed surfactants, K-ss, show a strong dependence on surfactant loading in the solid. At low surfactant levels, the K-ss values increased with increasing sorbed surfactant mass, reached a maximum, and then decreased with increasing surfactant loading. The K-ss values for contaminants were always higher than respective partition coefficients with surfactant micelles (K-mc) and natural organic matter (K-oc). At examined MPB concentrations in water the three organic contaminants showed little solubility enhancement by MPB. At low sorbed-surfactant levels,the resulting mineral adsorbed surfactant via the cation-exchange process appears to form a thin organic film, which effectively "adsorbs" the contaminants, resulting in very high K-ss values. At high surfactant levels, the sorbed surfactant on minerals appears to form a bulklike medium that behaves essentially as a partition phase (rather than an adsorptive surface), with the resulting K-ss being significantly decreased and less dependent on the MPB loading. The results provide a reference to the use of surfactants for remediation of contaminated soils/sediments or groundwater in engineered surfactant-enhanced washing. C1 Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310028, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Dept Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhu, LZ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310028, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RI x, z/A-9144-2010; Chiou, Cary/C-3203-2013; Chen, Baoliang/A-9275-2015; OI Chen, Baoliang/0000-0001-8196-081X; Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 NR 43 TC 107 Z9 124 U1 6 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 17 BP 4001 EP 4006 DI 10.1021/es026326k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716YL UT WOS:000185057500056 PM 12967126 ER PT J AU Osterman, LE AF Osterman, LE TI Benthic foraminifers from the continental shelf and slope of the Gulf of Mexico: an indicator of shelf hypoxia SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE foraminifera; hypoxia; benthic; agglutinated; dissolution; oceanography; Gulf of Mexico ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; LOUISIANA; SEDIMENT; NECOP; AREA AB Benthic foraminifers from 74 core-top sediment samples collected primarily from the continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico were analyzed to determine a microfaunal indicator for shelf hypoxia to be used in future paleoenvironmental studies. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) of 93 species recognized factors/clusters that were similar to previous investigations of the benthic foraminifers, except that both analyses also identified PCA6/CA6 in the area where hypoxic conditions have been observed. Three low-oxygen-tolerant species, Pseudononion atlanticum, Epistominella vitrea, and Buliminella morgani have high factor loadings in PCA6. The cumulative percentage of three species is defined as the PEB (PEB, Pseudononion, Epistominella, Buliminella) index. The highest PEB values observed in the 74 surface sediment samples occur in the zone of recognized hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf. Values of the PEB index are also elevated along the southern Texas coastline, suggesting that this area may experience periodic hypoxia as well. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Osterman, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A, Reston, VA USA. NR 51 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 17 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00352-9 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 736RP UT WOS:000186187200003 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, A Angermeier, PL AF Rosenberger, A Angermeier, PL TI Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; habitat selection; life history; lotic habitat; ontogeny ID STREAM FISHES; PREDATION RISK; YOUNG FISH; TRADE-OFF; SIZE; RIVER; JUVENILE; MODELS; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS AB 1. Conservation of the federally endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex, Jordan and Evermann) necessitates protection of habitat that is critical for all age classes. We examined habitat use patterns of individual logperch to determine: (1) if age classes of logperch in the Nottoway and Roanoke Rivers exhibit habitat selectivity, (2) if age classes differ in habitat use, and (3) if ontogenetic patterns of habitat use differ between the Roanoke and Nottoway river populations. 2. In the summers of 2000 and 2001, we observed 17 young-of-year (YOY) logperch [<4 cm total length (TL)], 13 subadult logperch (4-8 cm TL), and 49 adult logperch (> 8 cm TL) in the upper Roanoke River, and 40 subadult and 39 adult logperch in the Nottoway River, Virginia. 3. All size classes of Roanoke logperch demonstrated habitat selectivity and logperch used a wide range of habitats in the Roanoke and Nottoway rivers during ontogeny. Habitat use by logperch varied among age classes and between rivers. 4. In the Roanoke River, adult and subadult logperch primarily preferred run and riffle habitat, often over gravel substrate. Subadults were found in lower water velocities and slightly more embedded microhabitats than adults. YOY logperch were found in shallow, stagnant backwaters and secondary channels. In the Nottoway River, both adult and subadult logperch were found over sand and gravel in deep, low-velocity pools and runs. Subadults were observed in slightly more silted, lower velocity habitat than adults. Shifts in habitat use were more distinct between age classes in the Roanoke River than the Nottoway River. 5. Successful conservation of this species will involve sound understanding of spatial variation in habitat use over logperch life history and preservation of the ecological processes that preserve required habitat mosaics. C1 Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Boise, ID USA. US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Rosenberger, A (reprint author), Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1563 EP 1577 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01109.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 717NH UT WOS:000185095700006 ER PT J AU Bratton, JF Colman, SM Seal, RR AF Bratton, JF Colman, SM Seal, RR TI Eutrophication and carbon sources in Chesapeake Bay over the last 2700 yr: Human impacts in context SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; STABLE CARBON; NITRATE UTILIZATION; ACCUMULATION RATES; NATURAL ABUNDANCE; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; ANOXIA AB To compare natural variability and trends in a developed estuary with human-influenced patterns, stable isotope ratios (delta(13)C and delta(15)N) were measured in sediments from five piston cores collected in Chesapeake Bay. Mixing of terrestrial and algal carbon sources primarily controls patterns of delta(13)C(org) profiles, so this proxy shows changes in estuary productivity and in delivery of terrestrial carbon to the bay. Analyses of delta(15)N show periods when oxygen depletion allowed intense denitrification and nutrient recycling to develop in the seasonally stratified water column, in addition to recycling taking place in surficial sediments. These conditions produced N-15-enriched (heavy) nitrogen in algal biomass, and ultimately in sediment. A pronounced increasing trend in delta(15)N of +4parts per thousand started in about A.D. 1750 to 1800 at all core sites, indicating greater eutrophication in the bay and summer oxygen depletion since that time. The timing of the change correlates with the advent of widespread land clearing and tillage in the watershed, and associated increases in erosion and sedimentation. Isotope data show that the region has experienced up to 13 wet-dry cycles in the last 2700 yr. Relative sea-level rise and basin infilling have produced a net freshening trend overprinted with cyclic climatic variability. Isotope data also constrain the relative position of the spring productivity maximum in Chesapeake Bay and distinguish local anomalies from sustained changes impacting large regions of the bay. This approach to reconstructing environmental history should be generally applicable to studies of other estuaries and coastal embayments impacted by watershed development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 21092 USA. RP Bratton, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. OI Colman, Steve/0000-0002-0564-9576; Bratton, John/0000-0003-0376-4981 NR 64 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 BP 3385 EP 3402 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00131-5 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 723PT UT WOS:000185441300007 ER PT J AU Bullen, TD Kim, ST Paytan, A AF Bullen, TD Kim, ST Paytan, A TI Ca isotope fractionation during Ca-carbonate precipitation: There's more to it than temperature SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tdbullen@usgs.gov; apaytan@pangea.stanford.edu RI Kim, Sang-Tae/C-2768-2013 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A49 EP A49 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600093 ER PT J AU Davis, J Curtis, G Kohler, MS Fox, P Meece, D AF Davis, J Curtis, G Kohler, MS Fox, P Meece, D TI Comparison of metal sorption in laboratory and field environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jadavis@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A76 EP A76 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600146 ER PT J AU Goldhaber, MB Callender, E Reynolds, RL Bleiwas, D Chambers, D AF Goldhaber, MB Callender, E Reynolds, RL Bleiwas, D Chambers, D TI Atmospheric sources of potentially toxic elements in the northeastern U.S SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Charleston, WV 25301 USA. EM mgold@usgs.gov; ecallender@cox.net; rreynolds@usgs.gov; bleiwas@usgs.gov; dbchame@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600239 ER PT J AU Henig, S Vengosh, A Ganor, J Bullen, TD AF Henig, S Vengosh, A Ganor, J Bullen, TD TI Geochemical and isotopic (Sr, B, O, H) characterization of groundwater from the Lower Cretaceous sandstone aquifer in the Negev and Arava Valley, Israel SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM henigs@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; avnerv@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; ganor@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; tdbullen@usgs.gov RI GANOR, JIWCHAR/F-1887-2012 OI GANOR, JIWCHAR/0000-0002-5507-925X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A144 EP A144 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600282 ER PT J AU Hirano, N Clague, DA Hirata, T Coombs, M Takahashi, E AF Hirano, N Clague, DA Hirata, T Coombs, M Takahashi, E TI Controls on eruptive style for North Arch lavas SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nhirano@geo.titech.ac.jp; clague@mbari.org; hrt1@geo.titech.ac.jp; mcoombs@usgs.gov; etakahas@geo.titech.ac.jp RI HIRANO, NAOTO/F-6009-2016; Takahashi, Eiichi/B-4883-2017 OI HIRANO, NAOTO/0000-0003-3491-0312; Takahashi, Eiichi/0000-0002-6500-1827 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600290 ER PT J AU Kimura, JI Nakano, N Sisson, T Coombs, M Lipman, P AF Kimura, JI Nakano, N Sisson, T Coombs, M Lipman, P TI Geochemistry of ancient Kilauea volcano: Implications from Hilina bench lavas SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Shimane Univ, Dept Geosci, Matsue, Shimane, Japan. US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20242 USA. EM jkimura@riko.shimane-u.ac.jp; s029207@matsu.shimane-u.ac.jp; tsisson@usgs.gov; mcoombs@usgs.gov; plipman@usgs.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A217 EP A217 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600426 ER PT J AU Kusakabe, M Nagao, K Ohba, T Yoshida, Y Tanyileke, G Kling, GW Evans, WC AF Kusakabe, M Nagao, K Ohba, T Yoshida, Y Tanyileke, G Kling, GW Evans, WC TI Lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon: Current status SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Okayama Univ, ISEI, Misasa, Tottori 6820193, Japan. Univ Tokyo, LEC, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, VFRC, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Yoshida Consulting Engineer Off, Morioka, Iwate 0200121, Japan. IRGM, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kusakabe@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp; nagao@eqchem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ohba@ksvo.titech.ac.jp; yoshiday@d2.dion.ne.jp; tanyileke@hotmail.com; gwk@umich.edu; wcevans@usgs.gov RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A244 EP A244 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600480 ER PT J AU Lemke, KH Rosenbauer, RJ Bird, DK Ross, DS AF Lemke, KH Rosenbauer, RJ Bird, DK Ross, DS TI Equilibrium formation of oligoglycines from glycine in aqueous hydrothermal media SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM klemke@pangea.stanford.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A249 EP A249 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600490 ER PT J AU Lyons, TW Anbar, AD Gill, B Meyers, SR Sageman, BB Cruse, AM Wilde, P AF Lyons, TW Anbar, AD Gill, B Meyers, SR Sageman, BB Cruse, AM Wilde, P TI Covarying molybdenum and organic carbon distributions in organic-rich sediments and sedimentary rocks SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL USA. US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO USA. Pangloss Fdn, Berkeley, CA USA. EM lyonst@missouri.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A264 EP A264 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600520 ER PT J AU Sisson, T Calvert, A Coombs, M Kimura, J Lanphere, M Lipman, P Naka, J Robinson, J Shimizu, N AF Sisson, T Calvert, A Coombs, M Kimura, J Lanphere, M Lipman, P Naka, J Robinson, J Shimizu, N TI Alkalic through tholefitic shield-stage development of Kilauea, Hawaii SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Shimane Univ, Matsue, Shimane, Japan. JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM jkimura@riko.shimane-u.ac.jp; nakaj@jamstec.go.jp; nshimizu@whoi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A439 EP A439 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600866 ER PT J AU Sundquist, ET AF Sundquist, ET TI The past and future geologic history of the carbon cycle SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM esundqui@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A457 EP A457 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600902 ER PT J AU Takesue, RK Bacon, CR Brown, CL AF Takesue, RK Bacon, CR Brown, CL TI Estuarine salinity variations from bivalve shell B/Ca ratios measured in situ by ion microprobe (SHRIMP RG) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM rtakesue@usgs.gov RI Takeuchi, Rika/E-6830-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A473 EP A473 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517600932 ER PT J AU White, AF AF White, AF TI Weathering and the biosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY SEP 07-12, 2003 CL KURASHIKI, JAPAN C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM afwhite@usgs.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 18 SU 1 BP A530 EP A530 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724ZF UT WOS:000185517601045 ER PT J AU Warrick, JA Milliman, JD AF Warrick, JA Milliman, JD TI Hyperpycnal sediment discharge from semiarid southern California rivers: Implications for coastal sediment budgets SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperpycral; suspended sediment; river plume; southern California; Transverse Range ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BORDERLAND; EVENTS; FLOOD; FLUX AB Southern California rivers discharge hyperpycnal (river density greater than ocean density) concentrations of suspended sediment (>40 g/L, according to buoyancy theory) during flood events, mostly during El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. Because hyperpycnal river discharge commonly occurs during brief periods (hours to occasionally days), mean daily flow statistics often do not reveal the magnitude of these events. Hyperpycnal events are particularly important in rivers draining the Transverse Range and account for 75% of the cumulative sediment load discharged by the Santa Clara River over the past 50 yr. These events are highly pulsed, totaling only similar to30 days (similar to0.15% of the total 50 yr period). Observations of the fate of sediment discharge, although rare, are consistent with hyperpycnal river dynamics and the high likelihood of turbidity currents during these events. We suggest that much of the sediment load initially bypasses the littoral circulation cells and is directly deposited on the adjacent continental shelf, thus potentially representing a loss of immediate beach sand supply. During particularly exceptional events (>100 yr recurrence intervals), flood underflows may extend past the shelf and escape to offshore basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Warrick, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 31 IS 9 BP 781 EP 784 DI 10.1130/G19671.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 717JF UT WOS:000185084800012 ER PT J AU Poag, CW AF Poag, CW TI Grover E. Murray SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Poag, CW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779XC UT WOS:000189326500020 ER PT J AU Hunt, RJ Wilcox, DA AF Hunt, RJ Wilcox, DA TI Comment on 'Ecohydrology - Why hydrologists should care' - Authors' reply SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Letter C1 USGS, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Hunt, RJ (reprint author), USGS, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 562 EP 563 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 718FF UT WOS:000185133900003 ER PT J AU Langevin, CD AF Langevin, CD TI Stochastic ground water flow simulation with a fracture zone continuum model SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; NETWORKS; ROCK AB A method is presented for incorporating the hydraulic effects of vertical fracture zones into two-dimensional cell-based continuum models of ground water flow and particle tracking. High hydraulic conductivity features are used in the model to represent fracture zones. For fracture zones that are not coincident with model rows or columns, an adjustment is required for the hydraulic conductivity value entered into the model cells to compensate for the longer flowpath through the model grid. A similar adjustment is also required for simulated travel times through model cells. A travel time error of less than 8% can occur for particles moving through fractures with certain orientations. The fracture zone continuum model uses stochastically generated fracture zone networks and Monte Carlo analysis to quantify uncertainties with simulated advective travel times. An approach is also presented for converting an equivalent continuum model into a fracture zone continuum model by establishing the contribution of matrix block transmissivity to the bulk transmissivity of the aquifer. The methods are used for a case study in west-central Florida to quantify advective travel times from a potential wetland rehydration site to a municipal supply wellfield. Uncertainties in advective travel times are assumed to result from the presence of vertical fracture zones, commonly observed on aerial photographs as photolineaments. C1 US Geol Survey, Miami, FL 33178 USA. RP Langevin, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 9100 NW 36th St,Ste 107, Miami, FL 33178 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 587 EP 601 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02397.x PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 718FF UT WOS:000185133900007 PM 13678113 ER PT J AU Constantz, J Cox, MH Su, GW AF Constantz, J Cox, MH Su, GW TI Comparison of heat and bromide as ground water tracers near streams SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TIME-SERIES; RECHARGE; FLOW; TRANSPORT; DURATION; SEDIMENT; BENEATH; SOLUTE; CREEK AB Heat and bromide were compared as tracers for examining stream/ground water exchanges along the middle reaches of the Santa Clara River, California, during a 10-hour surface water sodium bromide injection test. Three cross sections that comprise six shallow (<1 m) piezometers were installed at the upper, middle, and lower sections of a 17 km long study reach, to monitor temperatures and bromide concentrations in the shallow ground water beneath the stream. A heat and ground water transport simulation model and a closely related solute and ground water transport simulation model were matched up for comparison of simulated and observed temperatures and bromide concentrations in the streambed. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of sediment temperature were fitted to observed temperature results, to yield apparent streambed hydraulic conductivities in each cross section. The temperature-based hydraulic conductivities were assigned to a solute and ground water transport model to predict sediment bromide concentrations, during the sodium bromide injection test. Vertical, one-dimensional simulations of bromide concentrations in the sediments yielded a good match to the observed bromide concentrations, without adjustment of any model parameters except solute dispersivities. This indicates that, for the spatial and temporal scales examined on the Santa Clara River, the use of heat and bromide as tracers provide comparable information with respect to apparent hydraulic conductivities and fluxes for sediments near streams. In other settings, caution should be used due to differences in the nature of conservative (bromide) versus nonconservative (heat) tracers, particularly when preferential flowpaths are present. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Constantz, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 31 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 26 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02403.x PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 718FF UT WOS:000185133900013 PM 13678119 ER PT J AU Becker, MW Metge, DW Collins, SA Shapiro, AM Harvey, RW AF Becker, MW Metge, DW Collins, SA Shapiro, AM Harvey, RW TI Bacterial transport experiments in fractured crystalline bedrock SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SANDY AQUIFER; FIELD TRACER TESTS; POROUS-MEDIA; MIGRATION EXPERIMENTS; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; GRANITE FRACTURE; IONIC-STRENGTH; ADHESION; ROCK; BIOAUGMENTATION AB The efficiency of contaminant biodegradation in ground water depends, in part, on the transport properties of the degrading bacteria. Few data exist concerning the transport of bacteria in saturated bedrock, particularly at the field scale. Bacteria and microsphere tracer experiments were conducted in a fractured crystalline bedrock under forced-gradient conditions over a distance of 36 m. Bacteria isolated from the local ground water were chosen on the basis of physicochemical and physiological differences (shape, cell-wall type, motility), and were differentially stained so that their transport behavior could be compared. No two bacterial strains transported in an identical manner, and microspheres produced distinctly different breakthrough curves than bacteria. Although there was insufficient control in this field experiment to completely separate the effects of bacteria shape, reaction to Gram staining, cell size, and motility on transport efficiency, it was observed that (1) the nonmotile, mutant strain exhibited better fractional recovery than the motile parent strain; (2) Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria exhibited higher fractional recovery relative to the Gram-positive rod-shaped strain of similar size; and (3) coccoidal (spherical-shaped) bacteria transported better than all but one strain of the rod-shaped bacteria. The field experiment must be interpreted in the context of the specific bacterial strains and ground water environment in which they were conducted, but experimental results suggest that minor differences in the physical properties of bacteria can lead to major differences in transport behavior at the field scale. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Becker, MW (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RI Becker, Matthew/J-2711-2012; Harvey, Ronald/C-5783-2013 OI Harvey, Ronald/0000-0002-2791-8503 NR 50 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 682 EP 689 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02406.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 718FF UT WOS:000185133900016 PM 13678122 ER PT J AU Fairen, AG Dohm, JM Baker, VR de Pablo, MA Ruiz, J Ferris, JC Anderson, RC AF Fairen, AG Dohm, JM Baker, VR de Pablo, MA Ruiz, J Ferris, JC Anderson, RC TI Episodic flood inundations of the northern plains of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; Tharsis floods; oceans; lakes ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; MARTIAN IMPACT CRATERS; COLD-CLIMATE FEATURES; ALTIMETER MOLA DATA; HEMISPHERIC DICHOTOMY; CHAOTIC OBLIQUITY; TECTONIC ACTIVITY; OUTFLOW CHANNELS; THAUMASIA REGION; FLUVIAL VALLEYS AB Throughout the recorded history of Mars, liquid water has distinctly shaped its landscape, including the prominent circum-Chryse and the northwestern slope valleys outflow channel systems, and the extremely flat northern plains topography at the distal reaches of these outflow channel systems. Paleotopographic reconstructions of the Tharsis magmatic complex reveal the existence of an Europe-sized Noachian drainage basin and subsequent aquifer system in eastern Tharsis. This basin is proposed to have sourced outburst floodwaters that sculpted the outflow channels, and ponded to form various hypothesized oceans, seas, and lakes episodically through time. These floodwaters decreased in volume with time due to inadequate groundwater recharge of the Tharsis aquifer system. Martian topography, as observed from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, corresponds well to these ancient flood inundations, including the approximated shorelines that have been proposed for the northern plains. Stratigraphy, geomorphology. and topography record at least one great Noachian-Early Hesperian northern plains ocean. a Late Hesperian sea inset within the margin of the high water marks of the previous ocean, and a number of widely distributed minor lakes that may represent a reduced Late Hesperian sea, or ponded waters in the deepest reaches of the northern plains related to minor Tharsis- and Elysium-induced Amazonian flooding. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, CBM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Seminar Planetary Sci, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Madrid 28933, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geodinam, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Fairen, AG (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, CBM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; Ruiz, Javier/P-3975-2015 OI de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; Ruiz, Javier/0000-0002-3937-8380 NR 132 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2003 VL 165 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00144-1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 721VB UT WOS:000185338200005 ER PT J AU Furlong, KP Lock, J Guzofski, C Whitlock, J Benz, H AF Furlong, KP Lock, J Guzofski, C Whitlock, J Benz, H TI The Mendocino crustal conveyor: Making and breaking the California crust SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; TRIPLE JUNCTION MIGRATION; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PLATE BOUNDARY; FRANCISCO BAY; UPPER-MANTLE; EVOLUTION; ZONE; GEOMETRY; SYSTEM AB The northward migration of the Mendocino triple junction has resulted in a fundamental modification of the crust of coastal California. As a consequence of viscous coupling between the southern edge of the Gorda slab and the base of the North American crust beneath the Coast Ranges of central and northern California, the crust of coastal California was first thickened and then thinned. This viscous coupling and ephemeral crustal thickening has produced a distinctive pattern Of Uplift that allows us to map the three-dimensional extent of crustal modification. This pattern of crustal deformation has combined with the strain field of the developing Sari Andreas fault system to produce the observed pattern of near-surface deformation. The rapid rise in heat flow south of the triple junction observed in the northern Coast Ranges is a direct consequence of development and removal of the crustal welt that migrated with the triple junction. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, Geodynam Res Grp, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Furlong, KP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, Geodynam Res Grp, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 45 IS 9 BP 767 EP 779 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.45.9.767 PG 13 WC Geology SC Geology GA 728RC UT WOS:000185729300001 ER PT J AU Farmer, A Rye, R Landis, G Bern, C Kester, C Ridley, I AF Farmer, A Rye, R Landis, G Bern, C Kester, C Ridley, I TI Tracing the pathways of Neotropical migratory shorebirds using stable isotopes: A pilot study SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE carbon 13; deuterium; migration; nitrogen 15; oxygen 18; sulfur 34; natural variations; shorebirds ID MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; FEATHERS AB We evaluated the potential use of stable isotopes to establish linkages between the wintering grounds and the breeding grounds of the Pectoral Sandpiper ( Calidris melanotos ), the White-rumped Sandpiper ( Calidris fuscicollis ), the Baird's Sandpiper ( Calidris bairdii ), and other Neotropical migratory shorebird species ( e.g. , Tringa spp.). These species molt their flight feathers on the wintering grounds and hence their flight feathers carry chemical signatures that are characteristic of their winter habitat. The objective of our pilot study was to assess the feasibility of identifying the winter origin of individual birds by: (1) collecting shorebird flight feathers from several widely separated Argentine sites and analyzing these for a suite of stable isotopes; and (2) analyzing the deuterium and 18 O isotope data that were available from precipitation measurement stations in Argentina. Isotopic ratios (delta 13 C, delta 15 N and delta 34 S) of flight feathers were significantly different among three widely separated sites in Argentina during January 2001. In terms of relative importance in separating the sites, delta 34 S was most important, followed by delta 15 N, and then delta 13 C. In the complete discriminant analysis, the classification function correctly predicted group membership in 85% of the cases (jackknifed classification matrix). In a stepwise analysis delta 13 C was dropped from the solution, and site membership was correctly predicted in 92% of cases (jackknifed matrix). Analysis of precipitation data showed that both deltaD and delta 18 O were significantly related to both latitude and longitude on a countrywide scale ( p < 0.001). Other variables, month , altitude , explained little additional variation in these isotope ratios. Several issues were identified that will likely constrain the degree of accuracy one can expect in predicting the geographic origin of birds from Argentina. There was unexplained variation in isotope ratios within and among the different wing feathers from individual birds. Such variation may indicate that birds are not faithful to a local site during their winter stay in Argentina. There was significant interannual variation in the deltaD and delta 18 O of precipitation. Hence, specific locations may not have a constant signature for some isotopes. Moreover, the fractionation that occurs in wetlands due to evaporation significantly skews local deltaD and delta 18 O values, which may undermine the strong large-scale gradients seen in the precipitation data. We are continuing the research with universities in Argentina with a focus on expanding the breadth of feather collection and attempting to resolve the identified issues. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Geol Div, Minerals Resources Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Farmer, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1080/1025601031000108660 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706MV UT WOS:000184458200001 PM 14521278 ER PT J AU Mulcahy, DM Tuomi, P Larsen, RS AF Mulcahy, DM Tuomi, P Larsen, RS TI Differential mortality of male spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri) and king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) subsequent to anesthesia with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE analgesia; anesthesia; bupivacaine; ketoprofen; mortality; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; propofol; birds; eider ducks; Somateria fischeri; Somateria spectobilis ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; PLASMA-RENIN ACTIVITY; CYCLOOXYGENASE ISOFORMS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; CANVASBACK DUCKS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; MALLARD DUCKS; AT-SEA; CARDIOPULMONARY; DOGS AB Twenty free-ranging spectacled ciders (Somateria fischeri; 10 male, 10 female), 11 free-ranging king ciders (Somateria spectabilis; 6 male, 5 female), and 20 female common eiders (Somateria mollissima) were anesthetized with propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen for the surgical implantation of satellite transmitters. Propofol was given to induce and maintain anesthesia (mean total dose, 26.2-45.6 mg/kg IV), bupivacaine (2-10 mg/kg SC) was infused into the incision site for local analgesia, and ketoprofen (2-5 mg/kg IM) was given at the time of surgery for , postoperative analgesia. Four of 10 male spectacled eiders and 5 of 6 male king ciders died within 1-4 days after surgery. None of the female spectacled or common eiders and only 1 of the 5 female king eiders died during the same postoperative period. Histopathologic findings in 2 dead male king eiders were severe renal tubular necrosis, acute rhabdomyolysis, and mild visceral gout. Necropsy findings in 3 other dead male king ciders were consistent with visceral gout. We suspect that the perioperative use of ketoprofen caused lethal renal damage in the male ciders. Male ciders may be more susceptible to renal damage than females because of behavioral differences during their short stay on land in mating season. The combination of propofol, bupivacaine, and ketoprofen should not be used to anesthetize free-ranging male ciders, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used perioperatively in any bird that may be predisposed to renal insufficiency. C1 Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Sealife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Mulcahy, DM (reprint author), Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1647/2001-024 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 830AC UT WOS:000222093000001 ER PT J AU Miller, RA Walker, RD Baya, A Clemens, K Coles, M Hawke, JP Henricson, BE Hsu, HM Mathers, JJ Oaks, JL Papapetropoulou, M Reimschuessel, R AF Miller, RA Walker, RD Baya, A Clemens, K Coles, M Hawke, JP Henricson, BE Hsu, HM Mathers, JJ Oaks, JL Papapetropoulou, M Reimschuessel, R TI Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of aquatic bacteria: Quality control disk diffusion ranges for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida ATCC 33658 at 22 and 28C SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Quality control (QC) ranges for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of aquatic bacterial isolates were proposed as a result of a multilaboratory study conducted according to procedures established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Ranges were proposed for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC 33658 at 22 and 28degreesC for nine different antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). All tests were conducted on standard Mueller-Hinton agar. With greater than or equal to95% of all data points fitting within the proposed QC ranges, the results from this study comply with NCCLS guidelines and have been accepted by the NCCLS Subcommittee for Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. These QC guidelines will permit greater accuracy in interpreting results and, for the first time, the ability to reliably compare susceptibility test data between aquatic animal disease diagnostic laboratories. C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Idaho Fish Hlth Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Aquat Diagnost Serv, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Virginia Dept Agr & Comsumer Serv, Warrenton, VA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Alpharma, Div Anim Hlth, Chicago Hts, IL 60411 USA. Washington State Univ, Washington Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Patras, Publ Hlth Lab, Patras 26500, Greece. RP Miller, RA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Anim & Food Microbiol, HFV530,8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 9 BP 4318 EP 4323 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.9.4318-4323.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 720DT UT WOS:000185246800046 PM 12958263 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, P Kaminsky, GM Gelfenbaum, G AF Ruggiero, P Kaminsky, GM Gelfenbaum, G TI Linking proxy-based and datum-based shorelines on a high-energy coastline: Implications for shoreline change analyses SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Shoreline Change Workshop CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA DE aerial photographs; beach profiles; error analysis; morphodynamic variability; shoreline change; T-Sheets; Washington State; wave runup ID WATER LEVELS; BEACHES; EROSION; POSITION; IMPACT; SCALE AB A primary purpose of this paper is to quantitatively link variously defined and derived shoreline estimates commonly used for shoreline change analysis. Estimates of shoreline mapping and derivation error, natural shoreline variability, and the relationships between horizontally-derived (proxy-based) shorelines to vertical datums (e.g. MHW) are presented. A series of shoreline repeatability and variability experiments as well as data from a beach monitoring program along the high-energy US Pacific Northwest coast, indicate total uncertainty estimates of the horizontal position of proxy-based shorelines to be approximately +/- 50 - 15 m for T-sheets and aerial photography and approximately +/- 15 m for datum-based shorelines derived from ground- or air-based topographic surveys. The ability to obtain reliable shoreline change results depends upon both the selected shoreline definition (e.g. horizontal- or feature-based proxy, or datum-based intercept) and the accuracy of the technique used in mapping or interpreting its position. The position of the selected shoreline on the beach profile determines its inherent temporal and spatial variability, an important consideration that has often been overlooked in the scientific literature on shoreline change. Historical shorelines mapped on NOS T-sheets and aerial photos have commonly identified high water line (HWL)-type shorelines, which are shown to be higher on the beach surface than the MHW-datum intercept along coasts subject to wave runup. Analyses of 4.5 years of beach profile data from the southwest Washington coast suggest that both the MHW and HWL-type shorelines have greater natural short-term variability than expected, significantly greater than the variability of shoreline proxies defined farther landward and higher on the beach profile, A model for determining the natural variability of HWL-type shorelines reveals that this short-term variability is the dominant factor in the large total uncertainty values associated with shorelines derived from T-sheets and aerial photographs. The results of these analyses and quantitative comparisons are relevant to determining the significance of historical shoreline changes, as well as to defining the appropriate shoreline proxy or datum and time scale for future shoreline change analysis. C1 US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Washington Dept Ecol, Coastal Monitoring & Anal Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Ruggiero, P (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pruggiero@usgs.gov OI Ruggiero, Peter/0000-0001-7425-9953 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2003 SI 38 BP 57 EP 82 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 763VG UT WOS:000188120700006 ER PT J AU Fletcher, C Rooney, J Barbee, M Lim, SC Richmond, B AF Fletcher, C Rooney, J Barbee, M Lim, SC Richmond, B TI Mapping shoreline change using digital orthophotogrammetry on Maui, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Shoreline Change Workshop CY MAY 07-09, 2002 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA DE coastal erosion; shoreline change; photogrammetry setbacks; coastal management; coastal geology ID ISLANDS; OAHU AB Digital, aerial orthophotomosaics with 0.5-3.0 m horizontal accuracy, used with NOAA topographic maps (T-sheets), document past shoreline positions on Maui Island, Hawaii. Outliers in the shoreline position database are determined using a least median of squares regression. Least squares linear regression of the reweighted data (outliers excluded) is used to determine a shoreline trend termed the reweighted linear squares (RLS). To determine the annual erosion hazard rate (AEHR) for use by shoreline managers the RLS data is smoothed in the longshore direction using a weighted moving average five transects wide with the smoothed rate applied to the center transect. Weightings within each five transect group are 1,3,5,3,1. AEHR's (smoothed RLS values) are plotted on a 1:3000 map series for use by shoreline managers and planners. These maps are displayed on the web for public reference at http://www.co.maui.hi.us/departments/Planning/erosion.htm. An end-point rate of change is also calculated using the earliest T-sheet and the latest collected shoreline (1997 or 2002). The resulting database consists of 3565 separate erosion rates spaced every 20 in along 90 km of sandy shoreline. Three regions are analyzed: Kihei, West Maui, and North Shore coasts. The Kihei Coast has an average AEHR of about 0.3 m/yr, an end point rate (EPR) of 0.2 m/yr, 2.8 km of beach loss and 19 percent beach narrowing in the period 1949-1997. Over the same period the West Maui coast has an average AEHR of about 0.2 m/yr, an average EPR of about 0.2 m/yr, about 4.5 km of beach loss and 25 percent beach narrowing. The North Shore has an average AEHR of about 0.4 m/yr, an average EPR of about 0.3 m/yr, 0.8 km of beach loss and 15 percent beach narrowing. The mean, island-wide EPR of eroding shorelines is 0.24 m/yr and the average AEHR of eroding shorelines is about 0.3 m/yr. The overall shoreline change rate, erosion and accretion included, as measured using the unsmoothed RLS technique is 0.21 m/yr. Island wide changes in beach width show a 19 percent decrease over the period 1949/1950 to 1997/2002. Island-wide, about 8 kin of dry beach has been lost since 1949 (i.e., high water against hard engineering structures and natural rock substrate). C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Reg Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fletcher, C (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 2003 SI 38 BP 106 EP 124 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 763VG UT WOS:000188120700008 ER PT J AU Kerr, S Liu, SG Pfaff, ASP Hughes, RF AF Kerr, S Liu, SG Pfaff, ASP Hughes, RF TI Carbon dynamics and land-use choices: building a regional-scale multidisciplinary model SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon; sequestration; climate change; land use; modeling ID TROPICAL FOREST SOILS; RICAN ATLANTIC ZONE; ORGANIC-CARBON; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; WET FOREST; SIMULATION; NITROGEN; SEQUESTRATION; DEFORESTATION AB Policy enabling tropical forests to approach their potential contribution to global-climate-change mitigation requires forecasts of land use and carbon storage on a large scale over long periods. In this paper, we present an integrated modeling methodology that addresses these needs. We model the dynamics of the human land-use system and of C pools contained in each ecosystem, as well as their interactions. The model is national scale, and is currently applied in a preliminary way to Costa Rica using data spanning a period of over 50 years. It combines an ecological process model, parameterized using field and other data, with an economic model, estimated using historical data to ensure a close link to actual behavior. These two models are linked so that ecological conditions affect land-use choices and vice versa. The integrated model predicts land use and its consequences for C storage for policy scenarios. These predictions can be used to create baselines, reward sequestration, and estimate the value in both environmental and economic terms of including C sequestration in tropical forests as part of the efforts to mitigate global climate change. The model can also be used to assess the benefits from costly activities to increase accuracy and thus reduce errors and their societal costs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Motu Econ & Publ Policy Res, Wellington, New Zealand. USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kerr, S (reprint author), Motu Econ & Publ Policy Res, 19 Milne Terrace, Wellington, New Zealand. EM suzi.kerr@motu.org.nz NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00106-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ZX UT WOS:000185121600003 PM 12927149 ER PT J AU Pearce, JM Bollinger, KS AF Pearce, JM Bollinger, KS TI Morphological traits of Pacific Flyway Canada Geese as an aid to subspecies identification and management SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE branta canadensis; Dusky Canada Goose; morphology; plumage color; subspecies classification ID MORPHOMETRIC DISCRIMINATION; COLOR; CLASSIFICATION; GOOSE; GIANT; SIZE AB Subspecies of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) exhibit wide variation in body size across their range. To monitor harvest levels in the Pacific Flyway, biologists commonly use culmen length and plumage color to differentiate among subspecies on sympatric wintering grounds. Among the four large-bodied Pacific subspecies (B. c. parvipes, B. c. occidentalis, B. c. fulva, and B. c. moffitti), overlap in culmen length and subjectivity of visually assessing color results in misclassification and inaccurate harvest estimates. We examined the morphology of Pacific large-bodied Canada Geese to characterize body size variation among subspecies and provide more discriminatory measures for harvest assessments. We found that culmen length, one of the most commonly used field measures, overlapped widely among subspecies, and it had little support for inclusion in discriminatory models. Morphological measures with greater explanatory power included bill width at nail, bill width at base, head length, and mid wing. If culmen length and plumage color continue to be used to assess winter harvest, we recommend the addition of at least one sex-specific measurement to reduce levels of misclassification among subspecies. If an additional morphological measure is included, further evaluation on the wintering grounds should be conducted as this measure's effectiveness may vary depending upon observer bias, temporal and spatial variation in subspecies abundance, and the proportion of birds accurately sexed by cloacal examination. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Pearce, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 357 EP 369 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 737BN UT WOS:000186208600005 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Waite, TA AF Stapanian, MA Waite, TA TI Species density of waterbirds in offshore habitats in western Lake Erie SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lake Eric; offshore; species diversity; waterbirds ID DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; GREAT-LAKES; HERRING-GULLS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; DIVING PATTERNS; EASTERN BASIN; ONTARIO; FISH; POPULATION; MISSISSIPPI AB Offshore censuses of birds are lacking for inland seas, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes, but may provide valuable information for managing species that are in conflict with human interests. Birds were counted along 31 established transects in four habitats in western Lake Erie: offshore of waterbird refuges, offshore of beaches with human development, on reefs and shoals, and in open water. A total of 161 10-min counts were conducted between 24 April and I September 2000. The mean number of aquatic bird species/km(2) (species density) was greater offshore of refuges than on open water. For all habitats combined, species density increased over time. This was mainly due to the arrival of Bonaparte's Gulls (Larus philadelphia) and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus), two fall and winter residents that do not breed in the study area, and increased use of open water and reefs and shoals by Herring Gulls (L. argentatus) and Ring-billed Gulls (L. delawarensis) after the nesting season. Species density was not strongly spatially autocorrelated, either for all species or for only those species that were floating on the water when recorded. Neither Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) nor Herring Gulls exhibited spatial autocorrelation. In contrast, Bonaparte's and Ring-billed gulls exhibited positive spatial autocorrelations. Unlike marine studies, species density was only weakly associated with water depth. This result was due mainly to Double-crested Cormorants, the only diving bird species that lived year-round in the area, which preferred reefs and shoals (depth 3-6 m) over open water ( greater than or equal to10 m). The results suggest that offshore habitat influences species density in this area during the breeding and immediate post-breeding seasons. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44839 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44839 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 381 EP 393 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 737BN UT WOS:000186208600008 ER PT J AU Mehl, KR Drake, KL Page, GW Sanzenbacher, PM Haig, SM Thompson, JE AF Mehl, KR Drake, KL Page, GW Sanzenbacher, PM Haig, SM Thompson, JE TI Capture of breeding and wintering shorebirds with leg-hold noose-mats SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breeding; calidris; charadrii; noose-carpets; shorebird; trapping techniques; wintering ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; SNOWY PLOVERS; CALIFORNIA; SURVIVAL AB Development of effective trapping techniques is important for conservation efforts, as marking and subsequent monitoring of individuals is necessary to obtain accurate estimates of demography, movements, and habitat use. We describe a leg-hold noose-mat trap for capturing breeding and nonbreeding shorebirds. Using this method, we trapped 50 Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus), 2258 Snowy Plovers (C alexandrinus), 38 Killdeers (C vociferus), and 64 Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in the western and southern United States. The trap was lightweight, making it easy to transport and set up. It was effective on unvegetated substrates at both coastal and inland sites and could be modified for a variety of habitats. Furthermore, this trap allowed researchers to target specific groups of birds including territorial individuals. Easy removal of birds from traps minimized handling time, stress, and injury. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mehl, KR (reprint author), Ducks Unlimited Canada, 562 Water St, St Johns, NF A1E 1B7, Canada. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 737BN UT WOS:000186208600010 ER PT J AU VanderWerf, EA Freed, LA AF VanderWerf, EA Freed, LA TI 'Elepaio subadult plumages reduce aggression through graded status-signaling, not mimicry SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chasiempis sandwichensis; delayed plumage maturation; 'Etepaio; Hawaii; model presentations; status; signaling; subadult plumage ID MALE AMERICAN REDSTARTS; DELAYED MATURATION; PASSERINE BIRDS; DECEPTIVE ACQUISITION; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; ICTERUS-SPURIUS; ORCHARD ORIOLE; HYPOTHESES; WINTER; RESOURCES AB The 'Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) is a monarch flycatcher endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Both sexes have a two-year delay in plumage maturation, with distinct first-year and second-year subadult plumages. This study tested hypotheses for the evolution of delayed plumage maturation in 'Elepaio by presenting adult males with models representing different ages and sexes in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The subadult plumages of 'Elepaio appeared to serve as honest, graded signals of status that reduced aggression from dominant adults. Both first-year and second-year subadult male models were attacked less than adult male models, and aggression increased linearly with age of male models. Neither subadult plumage appeared to function in sexual mimicry or juvenile mimicry. Second-year male models were attacked more than adult female models; neither subadult plumage resembles adult plumage of the opposite sex. First-year male models, which are juvenile-like, were not attacked more than adult female models, but juvenile mimicry cannot account for the behavior toward second-year male models and is a less parsimonious explanation. Aggression toward models was much higher in the breeding season, and all models were treated similarly in the nonbreeding season, suggesting competition for mates has been the primary selective force shaping the evolution of the 'Elepaio's plumage coloration. Models made from color photocopies can be a useful alternative to museum specimens in behavioral studies of rare species or those in which damage to specimens during model presentation would occur. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP VanderWerf, EA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 3-122,Box 50088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM eric_vanderwerf@fws.gov NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 406 EP 415 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 737BN UT WOS:000186208600011 ER PT J AU Booms, TL Fuller, MR AF Booms, TL Fuller, MR TI Time-lapse video system used to study nesting Gyrfalcons SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camera; diet; falco rusticolus; food habits; greenland; Gyrfalcons; time-lapse video ID ECOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; CAMERA AB We used solar-powered time-lapse video photography to document nesting Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) food habits in central West Greenland from May to July in 2000 and 2001. We collected 2677.25 h of videotape from three nests, representing 94, 87, and 49% of the nestling period at each nest. The video recorded 921 deliveries of 832 prey items. We placed 95% of the items into prey categories. The image quality was good but did not reveal enough detail to identify most passerines to species. We found no evidence that Gyrfalcons were negatively affected by the video system after the initial camera set-up. The video system experienced some mechanical problems but proved reliable. The system likely can be used to effectively document the food habits and nesting behavior of other birds, especially those delivering large prey to a nest or other frequently used site. C1 Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. USGS, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Booms, TL (reprint author), N10909 Oxbow Lane, Wausaukee, WI 54177 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 74 IS 4 BP 416 EP 422 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 737BN UT WOS:000186208600012 ER PT J AU Carlson, SM Letcher, BH AF Carlson, SM Letcher, BH TI Variation in brook and brown trout survival within and among seasons, species, and age classes SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIC(C); brook trout; brown trout; mark-recapture; seasonal variation; survival ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; HENRYS-FORK; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; MICHIGAN STREAM; WINTER SURVIVAL AB The Program MARK was used to generate and test a plausible set of survival models for brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout Salmo trutta to determine whether survival differed by season, species or age class. Apparent survival varied with time and age, but not by species. For the older (1999) age class, survival was lowest during the autumn of their age 1+ year whereas survival was lowest for the younger (2000) age class during the early summer of their age 1+ year. Additionally, estimates of survival for the younger age class exceeded those of the older age class in all but one interval (early summer 2001) but significant differences were observed in only one of these intervals (autumn 2000). To determine whether the observed seasonal differences in survival were related to seasonal differences in movement rates, multistrata spatial models were used within Program MARK to determine the probability of moving for each interval. In-site movement rates were found to be low regardless of season (average for all cohorts combined was 5%). The ability of the multi-strata modelling approach to detect temporal variability in movement, however, was potentially limited by spatial scale of the study reach (c. 1 km). Differences in survival between different aged fishes could lead to selection acting on age at maturity or reproductive effort at a given age. (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Reosurces Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Carlson, SM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483 NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 780 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.1095-8649.2003.00191.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 729GQ UT WOS:000185765300016 ER PT J AU Rolland, JB Winton, JR AF Rolland, JB Winton, JR TI Relative resistance of Pacific salmon to infectious salmon anaemia virus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE anaemia; orthomyxovirus; salmon; virus ID ORTHOMYXO-LIKE VIRUS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR L.; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; SCOTTISH ISOLATE; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEA-TROUT; RT-PCR; ISAV AB Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a major disease of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, caused by an orthomyxovirus (ISAV). Increases in global aquaculture and the international movement of fish made it important to determine if Pacific salmon are at risk. Steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and chum, O. keta, Chinook, O. tshawytscha, coho, O. kisutch, and Atlantic salmon were injected intraperitoneally with a high, medium, or low dose of a Norwegian strain of ISAV. In a second challenge, the same species, except chum salmon, were injected with a high dose of either a Canadian or the Norwegian strain. Average cumulative mortality of Atlantic salmon in trial 1 was 12% in the high dose group, 20% in the medium dose group and 16% in the low dose group. The average cumulative mortality of Atlantic salmon in trial 2 was 98%. No signs typical of ISA and no ISAV-related mortality occurred among any of the groups of Oncorhynchus spp. in either experiment, although ISAV was reisolated from some fish sampled at intervals post-challenge. The results indicate that while Oncorhynchus spp. are quite resistant to ISAV relative to Atlantic salmon, the potential for ISAV to adapt to Oncorhynchus spp. should not be ignored. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Winton, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim_winton@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 511 EP 520 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00473.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 724EE UT WOS:000185473600002 PM 14575369 ER PT J AU Johnson, JH AF Johnson, JH TI Egg-to-fry survival of two strains of Atlantic salmon (Salamo salar) in stream incubators under laboratory conditions SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Egg-to-fry survival of two strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was evaluated under laboratory conditions in two commercial stream egg incubators. The survival was also examined based on egg developmental stage (i.e., green eggs, eyed eggs, advanced eggs). There was no significant difference in survival of eggs in the Jordan-Scotty and Whitlock-Vibert incubators. However, the survival of Sebago strain Atlantic salmon eggs was significantly higher than that of Penobscot stream eggs, and survival increased with advanced egg developmental stage. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. RP Johnson, JH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Tunison Lab Aquat Sci, 3075 Gracie Rd, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 499 EP 500 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9663987 PG 2 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 717YK UT WOS:000185118200020 ER PT J AU Kerski, JJ AF Kerski, JJ TI Geography education across the Atlantic at the Geographical Association SO JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material DE educational partnerships; international geography education; geographic information systems; Geographical Association AB The Geographical Association (GA) is an international association of over 10,000 geography educators headquartered in Sheffield, England. The National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) and the GA have similar goals. The GA's annual conferences provide an excellent opportunity to begin geography education partnerships between the NCGE and the GA. Operating exhibits and teaching workshops on geographic information systems at the last three Geographical Association conferences at universities in England afforded the opportunity to network with teachers and pave the way for future collaboration. C1 US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Mapping Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Kerski, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Rocky Mt Mapping Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL COUNCIL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION PI INDIANA PA INDIANA UNIV PENNSYLVANIA, INDIANA, PA 15705 USA SN 0022-1341 J9 J GEOGR JI J. Geogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 102 IS 5 BP 216 EP 219 DI 10.1080/00221340308978549 PG 4 WC Geography SC Geography GA 922MA UT WOS:000228840800004 ER PT J AU Feinberg, JA Burke, RL AF Feinberg, JA Burke, RL TI Nesting ecology and predation of diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, at Gateway National Recreation Area, New York SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMMOPHILA-BREVILIGULATA; EGGS; TURTLES AB We studied Diamondback Terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin, at Gateway National Recreation Area, New York. We found evidence of nesting terrapins at three locations within the Recreation Area and focused our research on the islands of Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. Female terrapins nested from early June through early August and oviposited at least two clutches per year. Mean clutch size was 10.9 eggs. Nesting activity increased with daily high temperature and high tide. The greatest number of terrapin nests was found in shrubland, dune, and mixed-grassland habitats, but nest densities were higher on a human-made sandy trail and on sandy beaches. We estimate that approximately 2053 nests were oviposited on the largest island in the refuge in 1999. In 1998 and 1999, we counted 1319 and 1840 depredated nests, respectively, throughout the refuge. Raccoons were introduced into Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge approximately 20 yr prior to this study. Raccoons depreciated 92.2% of nests monitored on the largest island during the 1999 nesting season. We also found the carcasses of adult female terrapins that apparently were killed by raccoons as they came on land to nest. This terrapin population may be undergoing demographic changes as a result of the introduction of raccoons. C1 Hofstra Univ, Dept Biol, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA. RP Feinberg, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 81 Cornell Ave,Bldg 120, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 35 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 517 EP 526 DI 10.1670/207-02A PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UY UT WOS:000185905900008 ER PT J AU Pearl, CA Adams, MJ Schuytema, GS Nebeker, AV AF Pearl, CA Adams, MJ Schuytema, GS Nebeker, AV TI Behavioral responses of anuran larvae to chemical cues of native and introduced predators in the Pacific Northwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED FRIGHT RESPONSE; FROGS RANA-AURORA; PREY INTERACTIONS; TADPOLES; BULLFROGS; CATESBEIANA; AMPHIBIANS; COMMUNITY; GRADIENT; DECLINE AB We compared behavioral responses of larvae of three Pacific Northwest anurans from different hydroperiods to water borne cues of native and introduced predators. Two native anurans (Pacific Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla, and Northern Red-Legged Frog, Rana aurora aurora) and introduced Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) responded to water conditioned by native Redside Shiners (Richardsonius balteatus) by increasing refuge use. The larvae of the two native anurans differed in their response to introduced predator cues. Rana aurora aurora, which occur in temporary and permanent waters, responded to both introduced Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and introduced Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Pseudacris regilla, which occur primarily in temporary ponds, did not respond to water borne cues from either introduced predator. The broader responses of R. a. aurora may indicate greater behavioral plasticity or more exposure to novel predators than experienced by P. regilla. Larvae of introduced R. catesbeiana responded strongly to cues from two fish native to the Pacific northwest but did not alter behavior in response to any of five potential predators with which they coexist in their native range. Fish that occur with R. catesbeiana in their native range generally find Bullfrog larvae unpalatable. This pattern suggests that Bullfrog larvae can recognize cues of novel predators that may find them palatable, which could contribute to their success as an invasive species in the region. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Natl Inst Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Pearl, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.1670/134-02N PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UY UT WOS:000185905900018 ER PT J AU Mahoney, MJ Parks, DSM Fellers, GM AF Mahoney, MJ Parks, DSM Fellers, GM TI Uta stansburiana and Elgaria multicarinata on the California Channel Islands: Natural dispersal or artificial introduction? SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA EVOLUTION; CYTOCHROME-B; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENY; LIZARDS AB Uta stansburiana and Elgaria multicarinata occur on several California Channel Islands, and recent introduction of some populations has been suggested because of similarity in life-history traits and body size to mainland populations. We sequenced representatives of each species from mainland southern California and some of the islands on which they occur. For each species, cytochrome b sequence divergence is low across the narrow geographic area sampled. Analyses of 14 haplotypes of U. stansburiana suggest long-established residency on Santa Catalina and San Clemente Islands but more recent arrival on San Nicolas and Santa Cruz Islands. Analyses of eight haplotypes of E. multicarinata suggest these lizards may have been recently transported to San Nicolas Island. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Point Reyes Stn, CA 94956 USA. RP Mahoney, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, 3101 VLSB 3160, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 586 EP 591 DI 10.1670/24-01A PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UY UT WOS:000185905900022 ER PT J AU Fonnesbeck, CJ Dodd, CK AF Fonnesbeck, CJ Dodd, CK TI Estimation of flattened musk turtle (Sternotherus depressus) survival, recapture, and recovery rate during and after a disease outbreak SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; MARKED ANIMALS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; POPULATION; MODEL; SURVIVORSHIP; CONSERVATION; DEMOGRAPHICS; MANAGEMENT; TESTUDINES AB We estimated survivorship, recapture probabilities and recovery rates in a threatened population of Flattened Musk Turtles (Sternotherus depressus) through a disease outbreak in Alabama in 1985. We evaluated a set of models for the demographic effects of disease by analyzing recaptures and recoveries simultaneously. Multiple-model inference suggested survival was temporally dynamic, whereas recapture probability was sex- and age-specifc. Biweekly survivorship declined from 98-99% before to 82-88% during the outbreak. Live recapture was twice as likely for male turtles relative to juveniles or females, whereas dead recoveries varied only slightly by sex and age. Our results suggest modest reduction in survival over a relatively short time period may severely affect population status. C1 Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Fonnesbeck, CJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 602 EP 607 DI 10.1670/37-02N PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UY UT WOS:000185905900025 ER PT J AU Seery, DB Biggins, DE Montenieri, JA Enscore, RE Tanda, DT Gage, KL AF Seery, DB Biggins, DE Montenieri, JA Enscore, RE Tanda, DT Gage, KL TI Treatment of black-tailed prairie dog burrows with deltamethrin to control fleas (Insecta : Siphonaptera) and plague SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deltadust; prairie dogs; insecticide; fleas; plague; epizootic ID VECTOR; DUST AB Burrows within black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, were dusted with deltamethrin insecticide to reduce flea (Insecta: Siphonaptera) abundance. Flea populations were monitored pre- and posttreatment by combing prairie dogs and collecting fleas from burrows. A single application of deltamethrin significantly reduced populations of the plague vector Oropsylla hirsuta, and other flea species on prairie dogs and in prairie dog burrows for at least 84 d. A plague epizootic on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge caused high mortality of prairie dogs on some untreated colonies, but did not appear to affect nearby colonies dusted with deltamethrin. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rocky Mt Arsenal Natl Wildlife Refuge, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA. RP Seery, DB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Carson Natl Forest, Bloomfield, NM 87413 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.5.718 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 726NE UT WOS:000185604800018 PM 14596288 ER PT J AU Thornber, CR Heliker, C Sherrod, DR Kauahikaua, JP Miklius, A Okubo, PG Trusdell, FA Budahn Jr Ridley, WI Meeker, GP AF Thornber, CR Heliker, C Sherrod, DR Kauahikaua, JP Miklius, A Okubo, PG Trusdell, FA Budahn, JR Ridley, WI Meeker, GP TI Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: an episode 54 perspective SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hawaii; Kilauea; glass thermometry; magma mixing; mineral thermometry ID PUU OO ERUPTION; BASALTIC LIQUIDS; SUBMARINE LAVAS; VOLCANO; HAWAII; PETROLOGY; OLIVINE; RIDGE; DIFFERENTIATION; SATELLITE AB On January 29-30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1-4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode I in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994-1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with Prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and cystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst-liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to less than or equal to1100degrees C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32-65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Thornber, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM cthornber@usgs.gov OI Thornber, Carl/0000-0002-6382-4408 NR 53 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 44 IS 9 BP 1525 EP 1559 DI 10.1093/petrology/egg048 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 724JA UT WOS:000185483400001 ER PT J AU Mcgillicuddy, DJ Signell, RP Stock, CA Keafer, BA Keller, MD Hetland, RD Anderson, DM AF Mcgillicuddy, DJ Signell, RP Stock, CA Keafer, BA Keller, MD Hetland, RD Anderson, DM TI A mechanism for offshore initiation of harmful algal blooms in the coastal Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; RESTING CYSTS; SHELLFISH TOXICITY; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ALEXANDRIUM; SEDIMENTS; ESTUARINE; EXCAVATA AB A combination of observations and model results suggest a mechanism by which coastal blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense can be initiated from dormant cysts located in offshore sediments. The mechanism arises from the joint effects of organism behavior and the wind-driven response of a surface-trapped plume of fresh water originating from riverine sources. During upwelling-favorable winds, the plume thins vertically and extends offshore; downwelling winds thicken the plume and confine it to the nearshore region. In the western Gulf of Maine, the offshore extent of the river plume during upwelling conditions is sufficient to entrain upward-swimming A. fundyense cells germinated from offshore cyst beds. Subsequent downwelling conditions then transport those populations towards the coast. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mcgillicuddy, DJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Hetland, Robert/E-2614-2012; Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; OI Hetland, Robert/0000-0001-9531-2119; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; Signell, Richard/0000-0003-0682-9613 NR 38 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.1093/plankt/25.9.1131 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 718LX UT WOS:000185148600010 ER PT J AU McDaniel, KC Taylor, JP AF McDaniel, KC Taylor, JP TI Saltcedar recovery after herbicide-burn and mechanical clearing practices SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE riparian restoration; imazapyr; glyphosate; prescribed tire; root plowing; root raking; brush control ID RIO-GRANDE; TAMARIX SPP.; ESTABLISHMENT; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT; COTTONWOOD; ECOLOGY; FLOOD AB Mechanical clearing and herbicide-burn treatments were compared to evaluate salteedar (Tamarix chinensis Lour.) control and recovery along the Rio Grande on the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, N.M. The herbicide-burn treatment included an aerial application of imazapyr (+/-)-2-[4,5dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid] + glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (0.6 + 0.6 kg ai hat rate) followed 3 years later by a prescription broadcast fire that eliminated > 99% of the standing dead stems. Six years after initial herbicide application, saitcedar mortality was 93%. Mechanical saltcedar clearing entailed removing aerial (trunks and stems) growth by blading, stacking and burning debris, followed by removal of underground plant portions (root crowns) by plowing, raking, and burning stacked material. Saitcedar mortality 3 years after mechanical clearing averaged 70%, which was deemed unsatisfactory. Thus, root plowing, raking, and pile burning was repeated. Three years later, after the second mechanical clearing, saitcedar mortality was 97%. Costs for the herbicide-burn treatment averaged $283 ha(-1), whereas mechanical control costs were $884 ha(-1) for the first surface and root clearing and an additional $585 ha(-1) for the second root clearing. Riparian managers should consider environmental conditions and restoration strategies prior to selecting a saltcedar control approach. Although control costs were significantly lower for the herbicide-burn treatment compared to mechanical clearing in this study, the choice of methods should always consider alternative control strategies for saitcedar. Frequently, combinations of methods result in more efficient, cost-effective results. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP McDaniel, KC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Box 3-1, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM kmcdanie@nmsu.edu NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.2307/4003834 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP Karchesy, J Starkey, EE AF Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP Karchesy, J Starkey, EE TI Research observation: Hydrolyzable and condensed tannins in plants of northwest Spain forests SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE astringency; nutritional quality; Galicia ID DEER CAPREOLUS-CAPREOLUS; SELECTION; CHEMISTRY; RUMINANTS; FORAGES; DIET AB Tannins are secondary metabolites that may influence feeding by mammals on plants. We analyzed hydrolyzable and condensed tannins in 30 plant species consumed by livestock and deer, as a preliminary attempt to study their possible implications on browsing and grazing in forest ecosystems. Heathers (Ericaceae) and plants of the Rose (Rosaceae) family had tannins, while forbs, grasses and shrubs other than the heathers did not show astringency properties. We found the highest tannin content of all the species in Rubus sp., with the highest value around 180 mg TAE/g dry weight in spring. Potentilla erecta, Alnus glutinosa and Quercus robur were next with 57 to 44 mg TAE/g dw. Total tannins in heathers ranged from 22 to 36 mg TAE/g dw. Levels of condensed tannins were higher than hydrolyzable for most of the species. Only Betula alba, Calluna vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum and Vaccinium myrtillus had 100% hydrolyzable tannins. Tannin content of the species changed seasonally with highest values during the growing season, corresponding to late winter or early spring, depending on the species. C1 Univ Santiago Compostela, Dept Crop Prod, Lugo 27002, Spain. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97311 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97311 USA. RP Gonzalez-Hernandez, MP (reprint author), Univ Santiago Compostela, Dept Crop Prod, Lugo 27002, Spain. OI Gonzalez-Hernandez, M.P./0000-0002-0519-1702 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.2307/4003837 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200009 ER PT J AU Balcerzak, MJ Wood, PB AF Balcerzak, MJ Wood, PB TI Red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) abundance and habitat in a reclaimed mine landscape SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Buteo lineatus; Red-shouldered Hawk; habitat use; landscape; mirrohabitat; mining ID MANAGED FOREST; WOODLAND HAWKS; HOME-RANGE; BROADCAST; VOCALIZATIONS; SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; RAPTORS; CALLS AB Fragmentation of the landscape by large-scale mining may affect Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) populations by reducing the amount of forested habitat available in a landscape and by creating fragmented forest patches surrounded by reclaimed mine lands. We examined habitat characteristics and relative abundance of Red-shouldered Hawks in reclaimed mine landscapes within four treatments: early-successional grassland habitat, mid-successional shrub/pole habitat, late-successional fragmented forest habitat, and late-successional intact forest habitat. We quantified microhabitat characteristics within an 11.3-m-radius plot centered on 156 vegetation plots throughout the four treatments. We surveyed 48 stations on and adjacent to three mines for Red-shouldered Hawks using standardized broadcast call techniques during February 2000-January 2001 and measured landscape characteristics within 1000-m buffer zones centered on each station from digitized aerial photographs. Mean abundance of Red-shouldered Hawks was significantly higher in the intact forest ((x) over bar = 0.07 detections/point, SE = 0.03) than the grassland ((x) over bar = 0.01, SE = 0.01) treatment, but did not differ from the fragmented forest ((x) over bar = 0.03, SE = 0.01) or shrub/pole ((x) over bar = 0.03, SE 0.01) treatments. Most microhabitat characteristics in both fragmented and intact forest differed from shrub/pole and grasslands. Amount of wetland was the most important characteristic determining presence of Red-shouldered Hawks in a forest-dominated landscape. More wetlands in the landscape may provide abundant amphibians and reptiles, which are important in the diet of Red-shouldered Hawks. C1 W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wood, PB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, US Geol Survey, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 188 EP 197 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 725WG UT WOS:000185564900002 ER PT J AU Nenneman, MP Grant, TA Sondreal, ML Murphy, RK AF Nenneman, MP Grant, TA Sondreal, ML Murphy, RK TI Nesting habitat of Cooper's Hawks in northern Great Plains woodlands SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cooper's Hawk; Accipiter cooperii; Great Plains; North Dakota; nesting habitat ID ACCIPITER-COOPERII; WISCONSIN; SITES C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, J Clark Salyer Natl Wildlife Refuge, Upham, ND 58789 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Nenneman, MP (reprint author), Valentine Natl Wildlife Refuge, HC 37 Box 37, Valentine, NE 69201 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 725WG UT WOS:000185564900009 ER PT J AU Chaiyapechara, S Liu, KKM Barrows, FT Hardy, RW Dong, FM AF Chaiyapechara, S Liu, KKM Barrows, FT Hardy, RW Dong, FM TI Proximate composition, lipid oxidation, and sensory characteristics of fillets from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets containing 10% to 30% lipid SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FEED-UTILIZATION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; BODY-COMPOSITION; FAT DEPOSITION; QUALITY; LEVEL; FISH; ADIPOSITY; EMPHASIS AB This study was conducted to determine the effects of increasing dietary lipid concentrations on fillet characteristics of post-juvenile rainbow trout. A feeding trial was conducted with fish meal based diets containing 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30% lipid for 24 wk. Menhaden oil was the lipid ingredient. Weight gain was significantly greater in fish fed the 30% lipid diet than in fish fed either 10%, 15% or 20% lipid diets. There were no significant differences in visceral somatic index. Fillet lipid concentration of fish fed the 30% lipid diet (9.2-g lipid/100-g fillet) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than fish fed either the 10% or 15% lipid diets (5.8- and 6.9-g lipid/100-g fillet, respectively). In samples stored for 3 d at 5 C or 8 wk at -20 C, sensory panelists reported that the cooked fillets from fish fed the 30% lipid diet were "more fishy" than fish fed the 15% lipid diet, and preferred the cooked fillets from the 15% lipid treatment over the 30% lipid treatment. Triangle tests and fillet colorimetry showed no significant differences between fillets from fish fed the 15% and 30% lipid diets at any sampling time point. No significant differences in fillet concentrations of thiobarbituric reactive substances were observed among dietary treatments stored at either 5 C or -20 C. These results suggest that two main effects of feeding a 30% lipid diet (with fish oil as the lipid source) are a higher lipid concentration in the fillet and a "fishier" aroma compared to fillets from fish fed a 15% lipid diet. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Idaho Falls, ID 83332 USA. RP Dong, FM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 260 Bevier Hall,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Chaiyapechara, Sage/F-1344-2011 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 266 EP 277 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00065.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 721CU UT WOS:000185300100003 ER PT J AU Patrick, MR Dehn, J Papp, KR Lu, Z Dean, K Moxey, L Izbekov, P Guritz, R AF Patrick, MR Dehn, J Papp, KR Lu, Z Dean, K Moxey, L Izbekov, P Guritz, R TI The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska: a synthesis of remotely sensed imagery SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; volcano monitoring; advanced very-high-resolution radiometer; landsat; synthetic aperture radar; Okmok ID LASCAR VOLCANO; LAVA FLOWS; MOUNT-ETNA; CHILE; SPACE; RADAR; EXPLANATION; RADIOMETER; KRAFLA AB Okmok Volcano, in the eastern Aleutian Islands, erupted in February and March of 1997 producing a 6-km-long lava flow and low-level ash plumes. This caldera is one of the most active in the Aleutian Are, and is now the focus of international multidisciplinary studies. A synthesis of remotely sensed data (AirSAR, derived DEMs, Landsat MSS and ETM+ data, AVHRR, ERS, JERS, Radarsat) has given a sequence of events for the virtually unobserved 1997 eruption. Elevation data from the AirSAR sensor acquired in October 2000 over Okmok were used to create a 5-m resolution DEM mosaic of Okmok Volcano. AVHRR nighttime imagery has been analyzed between February 13 and April 11, 1997. Landsat imagery and SAR data recorded prior to and after the eruption allowed us to accurately deter-mine the extent of the new flow. The flow was first observed on February 13 without precursory thermal anomalies. At this time, the flow was a large single lobe flowing north. According to AVHRR Band 3 and 4 radiance data and ground observations, the first lobe continued growing until mid to late March, while a second, smaller lobe began to form sometime between March 11 and 12. This is based on a jump in the thermal and volumetric flux determined from the imagery, and the physical size of the thermal anomalies. Total radiance values waned after March 26, indicating lava effusion had ended and a cooling crust was growing. The total area (8.9 km(2)), thickness (up to 50 m) and volume (1.54X 10(8) m(3)) of the new lava flow were determined by combining observations from SAR, Landsat ETM+, and AirSAR DEM data. While the first lobe of the flow ponded in a pre-eruption depression, our data suggest the second lobe was volume-limited. Remote sensing has become an integral part of the Alaska Volcano Observatory's monitoring and hazard mitigation efforts. Studies like this allow access to remote volcanoes, and provide methods to monitor potentially dangerous ones. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska SAR Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Patrick, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, SOEST, HIGP, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Izbekov, Pavel/B-5110-2010; OI Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00180-X PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 725BP UT WOS:000185523000006 ER PT J AU Jennings, MJ Emmons, EE Hatzenbeler, GR Edwards, C Bozek, MA AF Jennings, MJ Emmons, EE Hatzenbeler, GR Edwards, C Bozek, MA TI Is littoral habitat affected by residential development and land use in watersheds of Wisconsin lakes? SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; lakes; land use; development; spatial scale; macrophytes; substrate; woody debris ID ABUNDANCE AB We measured differences in nearshore littoral zone habitat among lakes with different amounts of residential development and different patterns of watershed land use. Sampling stations were located at randomly selected sites within the nearshore littoral zone of limnologically similar lakes. An index of development density (based on counts of residential structures) and watershed cover types detected by satellite imagery summarized human influence in the riparian zone and watershed. To compare effects of development at local sites to effects of cumulative development density (structures/km shoreline), we used analysis of covariance. Quantity of woody debris, emergent vegetation and floating vegetation decreased at developed sites and in lakes with greater cumulative lakeshore development density. Littoral sediments contained more fine particles at developed sites and in lakes with greater development density. Sediment composition, quantity of vegetation, and woody debris were weakly associated with differences in watershed land use. Cumulative changes to watersheds and riparian zones are associated with measurable differences in littoral habitat that may not be detectable at smaller scales. For effective conservation, regulatory programs should consider the cumulative effects of development and land use on aquatic systems. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Biol Resources Div USGS, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Jennings, MJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, 810 W Maple St, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. NR 22 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 730CP UT WOS:000185811900009 ER PT J AU Tobias, CR Cieri, M Peterson, BJ Deegan, LA Vallino, J Hughes, J AF Tobias, CR Cieri, M Peterson, BJ Deegan, LA Vallino, J Hughes, J TI Processing watershed-derived nitrogen in a well-flushed New England estuary SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; FOOD WEBS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; OLIGOHALINE ZONE; MARINE HABITATS; ECOLOGICAL ROLE; NATURAL-WATERS; SECRET GARDEN; RIVER; SEDIMENTS AB Isotopically labeled nitrate ((NO3-)-N-15) was added continuously to the Rowley estuary, Massachusetts, for 22 d to assess the transport, uptake, and cycling of terrestrially derived nitrogen during a period of high river discharge and low phytoplankton activity. Isotopic enrichment of the 3.5-km tidal prism (150,000 m(3)) was achieved for the 3 weeks and allowed us to construct a nitrogen mass balance model for the upper estuary. Mean delta(15)NO(3)(-) in the estuary ranged from 300parts per thousand to 600parts per thousand, and approximately 75%-80% of the N-15 was exported conservatively as (NO3-)-N-15 to the coastal ocean. Essentially all of the 20%-25% of the N-15 processed in the estuary occurred in the benthos and was evenly split between direct denitrification and autotrophic assimilation. The lack of water-column N-15 uptake was attributed to low phytoplankton stocks and short water residence times (1.2-1.4 d). Uptake of watercolumn NO3- by benthic autotrophs (enriched in excess of 100parts per thousand) was a function of NO3- concentration and satisfied up to 15% and 25% of the total nitrogen demand for benthic microalgae and macroalgae, respectively. Approximately 10% of tracer assimilated by benthic autotrophs was mineralized and released back to the water column as (NH4+)-N-15. By the end of the study, N-15 storage in sediments and marsh macrophytes accounted for 50%-70% of the N-15 assimilated in the estuary. These compartments may sequester watershed-derived nitrogen in the estuary for time scales of months to years. C1 Ctr Ecosyst, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02532 USA. Maine Dept Marine Resources, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Tobias, CR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Vallino, Joseph/0000-0002-4184-4512 NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1766 EP 1778 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723LK UT WOS:000185433700005 ER PT J AU Sickman, JO Melack, JM Clow, DW AF Sickman, JO Melack, JM Clow, DW TI Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; MOUNTAIN-RANGE; CENTRAL VALLEY; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; DEPOSITION; USA; TRANSPORT; TAHOE; DUST AB Long-term measurements (1983-2001) of nutrients and seston in Emerald Lake (Sierra Nevada, California) have revealed ecologically significant patterns. Nitrate, both during spring runoff and during growing seasons, declined from 1983 through 1995. Declining snowmelt nitrate was caused primarily by changes in snow regime induced by the 1987-1992 drought: years with shallow, early melting snowpacks had lower snowmelt nitrate concentrations owing to less labile N production in catchment soils and longer plant growing seasons. However, nitrate declines during growing seasons carried through the wetter years of 1993-2000 and are likely the result of increased P loading to the lake and the release of phytoplankton from P limitation. Contemporaneous with these changes was an increase in algal biomass and a shift from P limitation toward more frequent N limitation of phytoplankton abundance. Particulate carbon concentrations in the late 1990s were two- to threefold greater than in the early 1980s. These trends were reflected in a larger set of Sierra Nevada lakes sampled as part of synoptic surveys (n = 28). Between 1985 and 1999, nitrate decreased and total P increased in >70% of the lakes sampled. Our data suggest that lakes throughout the Sierra Nevada are experiencing measurable eutrophication in response to the atmospheric deposition of nutrients. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Sickman, JO (reprint author), Calif Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Sci, POB 942836, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. OI Clow, David/0000-0001-6183-4824 NR 35 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1885 EP 1892 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723LK UT WOS:000185433700015 ER PT J AU Eakins, BW Lonsdale, PF AF Eakins, BW Lonsdale, PF TI Structural patterns and tectonic history of the Bauer microplate, Eastern Tropical Pacific SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE annexation; Bauer microplate; East Pacific Rise; Galapagos Rise; microplate kinematics; plate reconstructions; rifting ID JUAN-FERNANDEZ MICROPLATE; NAZCA SPREADING CENTER; FRACTURE-ZONE; PLATE MOTIONS; DISTRIBUTED DEFORMATION; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; PITO RIFT; DEGREES S AB The Bauer microplate was an independent slab of oceanic lithosphere that from 17 Ma to 6 Ma grew from 1.4 x 10(5) km(2) to 1.2 x 10(6) km(2) between the rapidly diverging Pacific and Nazca plates. Growth was by accretion at the lengthening and overlapping axes of the (Bauer-Nazca) Galapagos Rise (GR) and the (Pacific-Bauer) East Pacific Rise (EPR). EPR and GR axial propagation to create and rapidly grow the counter-clockwise spinning microplate occurred in two phases: ( 1) 17 - 15 Ma, when the EPR axis propagated north and the GR axis propagated south around a narrow (100- to 200-km-wide) core of older lithosphere; and ( 2) 8 - 6 Ma, when rapid northward propagation of the EPR axis resumed, overlapping similar to 400 km of the fast-spreading Pacific-Nazca rise-crest and appending a large (200- to 400-km-wide) area of the west flank of that rise as a 'northern annex' to the microplate. Between 15 and 8 Ma the microplate grew principally by crustal accretion at the crest of its rises. The microplate was captured by the Nazca plate and the Galapagos Rise axis became extinct soon after 6 Ma, when the south end of the Pacific-Bauer EPR axis became aligned with the southern Pacific-Nazca EPR axis and its north end was linked by the Quebrada Transform to the northern Pacific-Nazca EPR axis. Incomplete multibeam bathymetry of the microplate margins, and of both flanks of the Pacific-Bauer and Bauer-Nazca Rises, together with archival magnetic and satellite altimetry data, clarifies the growth and (counter-clockwise) rotation of the microplate, and tests tectonic models derived from studies of the still active, much smaller, Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. Our interpretations differ from model predictions in that Euler poles were not located on the microplate boundary, propagation in the 15 - 8 Ma phase of growth was not toward these poles, and microplate rotation rates were small (5 degrees/m.y.) for much of its history, when long, bounding transform faults reduced coupling to Nazca plate motion. Some structures of the Bauer microplate boundary, such as deep rift valleys and a broad zone of thrust-faulted lithosphere, are, however, similar to those observed around the smaller, active microplates. Analysis of how the Bauer microplate was captured when coupling to the Pacific plate was reduced invites speculation on why risecrest microplates eventually lose their independence. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Eakins, BW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Program, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM beakins@usgs.gov NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s11001-004-5882-4 PG 35 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 951DZ UT WOS:000230910600001 ER PT J AU Rivkin, AS Davies, JK Johnson, JR Ellison, SL Trilling, DE Brown, RH Lebofsky, LA AF Rivkin, AS Davies, JK Johnson, JR Ellison, SL Trilling, DE Brown, RH Lebofsky, LA TI Hydrogen concentrations on C-class asteroids derived from remote sensing SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; 1 CERES; THERMAL-MODEL; WATER; MINERALS; BODIES; EARTH; METEORITES; HYDRATION AB We present spectroscopic observations of 16 asteroids from 1.9-3.6 mum collected from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) from 1996-2000. Of these 16 asteroids, I I show some evidence of a 3 mum hydrated mineral absorption feature greater than 2sigma at 2.9 mum. Using relations first recognized for carbonaceous chondrite powders by Miyamoto and Zolensky (1994) and Sato et al. (1997), we have determined the hydrogen to silicon ratio for these asteroids and calculated their equivalent water contents, assuming all the hydrogen was in water. The asteroids split into 2 groups, roughly defined as equivalent water contents greater than similar to7% (8 asteroids, all with 3 mum band depths greater than similar to20%) and less than similar to3% for the remaining 8 asteroids. This latter group includes some asteroids for which a weak but statistically significant 3 mum band of non-zero depth exists. The G-class asteroids in the survey have higher water contents, consistent with CM chondrites. This strengthens the connection between CM chondrites and G asteroids that was proposed by Burbine (1998). We find that the 0.7 mum and 3 mum band depths are correlated for the population of target objects. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, David Rittenhouse Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Rivkin, AS (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Rivkin, Andrew/B-7744-2016 OI Rivkin, Andrew/0000-0002-9939-9976 NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1398 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 756GD UT WOS:000187456700007 ER PT J AU Erbe, EF Rango, A Foster, J Josberger, EG Pooley, C Wergin, WP AF Erbe, EF Rango, A Foster, J Josberger, EG Pooley, C Wergin, WP TI Collecting, shipping, storing, and imaging snow crystals and ice grains with low-temperature scanning electron mircoscopy SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE snow crystal; ice grain; glacier ice; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy; SEM ID MICROSCOPY; BOUNDARIES; GRAUPEL; FIELD; RIME AB Methods to collect, transport, and store samples of snow and ice have been developed that enable detailed observations of these samples with a technique known as low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). This technique increases the resolution and ease with which samples of snow and ice can be observed, studied, and photographed. Samples are easily collected in the field and have been shipped to the electron microscopy laboratory by common air carrier from distances as far as 5,000 miles. Delicate specimens of snow crystals and ice grains survive the shipment procedures and have been stored for as long as 3 years without undergoing any structural changes. The samples are not subjected to the melting or sublimation artifacts. LTSEM allows individual crystals to be observed for several hours with no detectable changes. Furthermore, the instrument permits recording of photographs containing the parallax information necessary for three-dimensional imaging of the true shapes of snowflakes, snow crystals, snow clusters, ice grains, and interspersed air spaces. This study presents detailed descriptions of the procedures that have been used successfully in the field and the laboratory to collect, ship, store, and image snow crystals and ice grains. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Electron Microscopy Unit, Bldg 177B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1002/jemt.10383 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 713YV UT WOS:000184886300003 PM 12938115 ER PT J AU Bradley, DC Leach, DL AF Bradley, DC Leach, DL TI Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE Mississippi Valley-type deposit; foreland basin; collisional orogeny; forebulge; flexural extension ID CANADA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; FLUID-FLOW; NORTHERN APPALACHIANS; ORE-DEPOSITS; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; OUACHITA MOUNTAINS; SOUTHEAST MISSOURI; PALEOMAGNETIC AGE; PLATE CONVERGENCE AB Most of the world's Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) zinc-lead deposits occur in orogenic forelands. We examine tectonic aspects of foreland evolution as part of a broader study of why some forelands are rich in MVT deposits, whereas others are barren. The type of orogenic foreland (collisional versus Andean-type versus inversion-type) is not a first-order control, because each has MVT deposits (e.g., Northern Arkansas, Pine Point, and Cevennes, respectively). In some MVT districts (e.g., Tri-State and Central Tennessee), mineralization took place atop an orogenic forebulge, a low-amplitude (a few hundred meters), long-wavelength (100-200 km) swell formed by vertical loading of the foreland plate. In the foreland of the active Banda Arc collision zone, a discontinuous forebulge reveals some of the physiographic and geologic complexities of the forebulge environment, and the importance of sea level in determining whether or not a forebulge will emerge and thus be subject to erosion. In addition to those on extant forebulges, some MVT deposits occur immediately below unconformities that originated at a forebulge, only to be subsequently carried toward the orogen by the plate-tectonic conveyor (e.g., Daniel's Harbour and East Tennessee). Likewise, some deposits are located along syn-collisional, flexure-induced normal and strike-slip faults in collisional forelands (e.g., Northern Arkansas, Daniel's Harbour, and Tri-State districts). These findings reveal the importance of lithospheric flexure, and suggest a conceptual tectonic model that accounts for an important subset of MVT deposits-those in the forelands of collisional orogens. The MVT deposits occur both in flat-lying and in thrust-faulted strata; in the latter group, mineralization postdated thrusting in some instances (e.g., Picos de Europa) but may have predated thrusting in other cases (e.g., East Tennessee). C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 83 TC 60 Z9 82 U1 7 U2 41 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 652 EP 667 DI 10.1007/s00126-003-0355-2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 718JD UT WOS:000185140600001 ER PT J AU Pigois, JP Groves, DI Fletcher, IR McNaughton, NJ Snee, LW AF Pigois, JP Groves, DI Fletcher, IR McNaughton, NJ Snee, LW TI Age constraints on Tarkwaian palaeoplacer and lode-gold formation in the Tarkwa-Damang district, SW Ghana SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE gold; geochronology; xenotime; Damang; Tarkwa; Ashanti; Ghana ID WEST-AFRICAN CRATON; OROGENIC GOLD; ASHANTI BELT; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; PRECAMBRIAN PROVENANCE; HYDROTHERMAL XENOTIME; ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; BIRIMIAN SUPERGROUP; SOUTHWEST GHANA; 2.1 GA AB Two major epigenetic gold-forming events are recorded in the world-class gold province of southwest Ghana. A pre-Tarkwaian event was the source of the world-class Tarkwa palaeoplacers whereas post-Birimian and Tarkwaian deformation, which was related to the Eburnean orogeny, gave rise to the world-class (e.g. Prestea) to giant (e.g. Obuasi) orogenic gold deposits which have made the region famous for more than 2,500 years. A maximum age of 2133+/-4 Ma for Tarkwaian sedimentation is provided by 71 of 111 concordant SHRIMP II U-Pb dates from detrital zircons in Tarkwaian clastic rocks from Damang and Bippo Bin, northeast of Tarkwa. The overall data distribution broadly overlaps the relatively poorly constrained ages of Birimian volcanism and associated Dixcove-type granitoid emplacement, indicating syntectonic development of the Tarkwaian sedimentary basin. These zircon ages argue against derivation of the palaeoplacer gold from an orogenic gold source related to the compressional phase of an orogeny significantly older than the Eburnean orogeny. Instead, they suggest that the gold source was either orogenic gold lodes related to an earlier compressional phase of a diachronous Eburnean orogeny or ca. 2200-2100 Ma intrusion-related gold lode. The CO2-rich fluid inclusions in associated vein-quartz pebbles are permissive of either source. At the Damang deposit, an epigenetic, orogenic lode-gold system clearly overprinted, and sulphidised low-grade palaeoplacer hematite-magnetite gold occurrences in the Banket Series conglomerate within the Tarkwaian sedimentary sequence. Gold mineralisation is demonstrably post-peak metamorphism, as gold-related alteration assemblages overprint metamorphic assemblages in host rocks. In alteration zones surrounding the dominant, subhorizontal auriferous quartz veins, there are rare occurrences of hydrothermal xenotime which give a SHRIMP U-Pb age of 2063+/-9 Ma for gold mineralisation. The similar structural timing of epigenetic gold mineralisation in Tarkwaian host rocks at Damang to that in mainly Birimian host rocks elsewhere in southwest Ghana, particularly at Obuasi, suggests that 2063+/-9 Ma is the best available age estimate for widespread orogenic gold mineralisation in the region. Argon-argon ages of 2029+/-4 and 2034+/-4 Ma for hydrothermal biotite from auriferous quartz veins appear to represent uplift and cooling of the region below about 300 degreesC, as estimates of the temperature of gold mineralisation are higher, at around 400 degreesC. If peak metamorphism, with temperatures of about 550 degreesC, is assumed to have occurred at about 2100 Ma, the biotite ages, in combination with the xenotime age, suggest a broadly constant uplift rate for the region of about 1 km per 10 million years from about 2100 to 2025 Ma. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Pigois, JP (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Geog Sci, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RI McNaughton, Neal/E-3884-2014 NR 66 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 695 EP 714 DI 10.1007/s00126-003-0360-5 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 718JD UT WOS:000185140600004 ER PT J AU Gomez-Uchida, D Hoffman, EA Ardren, WR Banks, MA AF Gomez-Uchida, D Hoffman, EA Ardren, WR Banks, MA TI Microsatellite markers for the heavily exploited canary (Sebastes pinniger) and other rockfish species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE canary rockfish; genus Sebastes; microsatellites; northeastern Pacific; population markers; Sebastes pinniger ID LOCI AB The isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci (eight tetra-nucleotide and one dinucleotide) from the canary rockfish Sebastes pinniger are described. Polymorphism at these loci revealed from six to 28 alleles, with expected heterozygosities ranging between 0.42 and 0.88, enabling high-resolution genetic population structure investigation for this overfished species in the northeastern Pacific. They also amplify in 13 other congeneric species, providing highly variable loci for research on other rockfishes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Gomez-Uchida, D (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 3 BP 387 EP 389 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00458.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 719VG UT WOS:000185225300019 ER PT J AU Redberg, GL Hibbett, DS Ammirati, JF Rodriguez, RJ AF Redberg, GL Hibbett, DS Ammirati, JF Rodriguez, RJ TI Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear rDNA sequences SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Abies procera; Basidiomycete; conk; fungi; Fuzzy Sandoze; hymenochaetoid clade; molecular systematics; Noble fir; Noble polypore; old-growth forest; Oxyporus; Polyporaceae ID DNA; GERMINATION; SPORES; FUNGI; IDENTIFICATION; STIMULATION; GROWTH AB The genetic diversity and phylogeny of Bridgeoporus nobilissimus have been analyzed. DNA was extracted from spores collected from individual fruiting bodies representing six geographically distinct populations in Oregon and Washington. Spore samples collected contained low levels of bacteria, yeast and a filamentous fungal species. Using taxon-specific PCR primers, it was possible to discriminate among rDNA from bacteria, yeast, a filamentous associate and B. nobilissimus. Nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences of B. nobilissimus were compared among individuals representing six populations and were found to have less than 2% variation. These sequences also were used to design dual and nested PCR primers for B. nobilissimus-specific amplification. Mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA sequences were used in a phylogenetic analysis that placed B. nobilissimus in the hymenochaetoid clade, where it was associated with Oxyporus and Schizopora. C1 US Geol Survey, WFRC, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bot, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Walla Walla Coll, College Pl, WA 99324 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RP Rodriguez, RJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, WFRC, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 836 EP 845 DI 10.2307/3762012 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 748RB UT WOS:000186873900007 PM 21148991 ER PT J AU Thomas, CM Anthony, RG AF Thomas, CM Anthony, RG TI Environmental contaminants and nesting behavior of great blue herons from the Columbia and Willamette Rivers, Oregon and Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARDEA-HERODIAS; UNITED-STATES; FISH; ABNORMALITIES; RESIDUES; DOVES; DDE AB Reduced productivity and elevated contaminant concentrations have been documented in fish-eating birds, including bald eagles, from the Columbia River since 1984. To determine whether nest attendance was related to contaminant concentrations in eggs of fish-eating birds, we examined breeding behavior of great blue herons at six colonies, in Oregon and Washington. We chose great blue herons as an indicator species for the effects of environmental contaminants on the guild of fish-eating birds because previous studies have demonstrated their utility. Patterns of attendance and nest visitation were significantly different among sites. The site with the highest concentrations of p,p'-DDE and total PCBs had significantly lower nest attendance relative to the reference site. Differences in nest attendance among colonies were inversely related to p,p'-DDE and PCB concentrations; however fledging and reproductive success in all colonies were similar to those reported for healthy populations. Differences in nest attendance and visitation among sites did not appear to be affecting nestling survival pre-fledging. C1 Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Thomas, CM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1387 S Vinnell Way,Room 368, Boise, ID 83709 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 320 EP 330 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754EF UT WOS:000187289200005 ER PT J AU Schwanke, CJ Hubert, WA AF Schwanke, CJ Hubert, WA TI Structure, abundance, and movements of an allacustrine population of rainbow trout in the Naknek River, Southwest Alaska SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LOON LAKE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; OUTLET; INLET; STREAMS AB Allacustrine rainbow trout move downstream from Naknek Lake into the Naknek River to spawn, and become vulnerable to angling during the spawning season. Regulations, including an annual angling closure from 10 April through 7 June, have been implemented to protect spawning fish from angling mortality, but the synchrony of the angling closure to the time when sexually mature fish are present in the river was unknown. We describe (1) the length structure and abundance of sexually mature fish in the spawning population and (2) the post-spawning movements of sexually mature fish. We sampled sexually mature fish ranging from 424 to 860 mm fork length during 2000 and 2001. The spawning population was estimated to be similar to 3,000 fish. Of 70 radio-tagged fish, 80% moved from the river to the lake by 8 June 2001, but several fish remained in the river throughout the summer. More than half of the radio-tagged fish that moved to the lake returned to the river during the fall and early winter. A substantial portion of the spawning population was protected by the annual angling closure, but some fish were not protected because they remained in the river through the summer or returned to the river before it froze in the fall. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubert, WA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 546 Kenny Wren Rd, Dillingham, AK 99576 USA. EM whubert@uwyo.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 340 EP 348 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754EF UT WOS:000187289200007 ER PT J AU Yang, LM Xian, G Klaver, JM Deal, B AF Yang, LM Xian, G Klaver, JM Deal, B TI Urban land-cover change detection through sub-pixel imperviousness mapping using remotely sensed data SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID AREA; IMAGERY; GROWTH; MODEL AB We developed a Sub-pixel Imperviousness Change Detection (SICD) approach to detect urban land-cover changes using Landsat and high-resolution imagery. The sub-pixel percent imperviousness was mapped for two dates (09 March 1993 and 11 March 2001) over western Georgia using a regression tree algorithm. The accuracy of the predicted imperviousness was reasonable based on a comparison using independent reference data. The average absolute error between predicted and reference data was 16.4 percent for 1993 and 15.3 percent for 2001. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.73 for 1993 and 0.78 for 2001, respectively. Areas with a significant increase (greater than 20 percent) in impervious surface from 1993 to 2001 were mostly related to known land-cover/land-use changes that occurred in this area, suggesting that the spatial change of an impervious surface is a useful indicator for identifying spatial extent, intensity, and, potentially, type of urban land-cover/land-use changes. Compared to other pixel-based change-detection methods (bond differencing, rationing, change vector, post-classification), information on changes in sub-pixel percent imperviousness allow users to quantify and interpret urban land-cover/land-use changes based on their own definition. Such information is considered complementary to products generated using other change-detection methods. In addition, the procedure for mapping imperviousness is objective and repeatable, hence, can be used for monitoring urban land-cover/land-use change over a large geographic area. Potential applications and limitations of the products developed through this study in urban environmental studies are also discussed. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Bldg Res Council, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Yang, LM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lyang@usgs.gov NR 34 TC 152 Z9 161 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 1003 EP 1010 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 817RG UT WOS:000221194000009 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Martin, S Bilham, R Atkinson, GM AF Hough, SE Martin, S Bilham, R Atkinson, GM TI A media-based assessment of damage and ground motions from the January 26th, 2001 M7.6 Bhuj, India earthquake SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES-EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Seismic Hazard CY OCT 03-05, 2001 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE Bhuj earthquake; intensity; ground motions ID PROPAGATION AB We compiled available news. and internet accounts of damage and other effects from the 26th January, 2001, Bhuj earthquake, and interpreted them to obtain modified Mercalli intensities at over 200 locations throughout the Indian subcontinent. These values are used to map the intensity distribution using a simple mathematical interpolation method. The maps reveal several interesting features. Within the Kachchh region, the most heavily damaged villages are concentrated towards the western edge of the inferred fault, consistent with western directivity. Significant sediment-induced amplification is also suggested at a number of locations around the Gulf of Kachchh to the south of the epicenter. Away from the Kachchh region intensities were clearly amplified significantly in areas that are along. rivers, within deltas, or on. coastal alluvium such as mud flats and salt pans. In addition we use fault rupture parameters inferred from teleseismic data to predict shaking intensity at distances of 0-1000 km. We then convert the predicted hard rock ground motion parameters to MMI using a relationship (derived from internet-based intensity surveys) that assigns MMI based on the average effects in a region. The predicted MMIs are typically lower by 1-2 units than those estimated from news accounts. This discrepancy is generally consistent with the expected effect of sediment response, but it could also reflect other factors such as a tendency for media accounts to focus on the most dramatic damage, rather than the average effects. Our modeling results also suggest, however, that the Bhuj earthquake generated more high-frequency shaking than is expected for earthquakes of similar magnitude in California, and may therefore have been especially damaging. C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Nowrosjee Wadia Coll, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RI Martin, Stacey/J-6819-2013; OI Martin, Stacey/0000-0003-4429-5835; Bilham, Roger/0000-0002-5547-4102 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0253-4126 J9 P INDIAN AS-EARTH JI Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.-Earth Planet. Sci PD SEP PY 2003 VL 112 IS 3 BP 353 EP 373 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 722VL UT WOS:000185398700005 ER PT J AU Bettis, EA Muhs, DR Roberts, HM Wintle, AG AF Bettis, EA Muhs, DR Roberts, HM Wintle, AG TI Last Glacial loess in the conterminous USA SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; SOUTH-CENTRAL NEBRASKA; LATE PLEISTOCENE LOESS; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LATE QUATERNARY LOESS; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; PEORIA-LOESS; WESTERN IOWA; ROXANA SILT AB The conterminous United States contains an extensive and generally well-studied record of Last Glacial loess. The loess occurs in diverse physiographic provinces, and under a wide range of climatic and ecological conditions. Both glacial and non-glacial loess sources are present, and many properties of the loess vary systematically with distance from loess sources. United States' mid-continent Last Glacial loess is probably the thickest in the world, and our calculated mass accumulation rates (MARS) are as high as 17,500 g/m(2)/yr at the Bignell Hill locality in Nebraska, and many near-source localities have MARS greater than 1500 g/m(2)/yr. These MARS are high relative to rates calculated in other loess provinces around the world. Recent models of Last Glacial dust sources fail to predict the extent and magnitude of dust flux from the mid-continent of the United States. A better understanding of linkages between climate, ice sheet behaviour, routing of glacial meltwater, land surface processes beyond the ice margin, and vegetation is needed to improve the predictive capabilities of models simulating dust flux from this region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Wales, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Dyfed, Wales. RP Bettis, EA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Roberts, Helen/I-1041-2012 OI Roberts, Helen/0000-0001-9649-2377 NR 226 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 18-19 BP 1907 EP 1946 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00169-0 PG 40 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 729PG UT WOS:000185781900006 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Ager, TA Bettis, EA McGeehin, J Been, JM Beget, JE Pavich, MJ Stafford, TW Stevens, DSP AF Muhs, DR Ager, TA Bettis, EA McGeehin, J Been, JM Beget, JE Pavich, MJ Stafford, TW Stevens, DSP TI Stratigraphy and palaeoclimatic significance of Late Quaternary loess-palaeosol sequences of the Last Interglacial-Glacial cycle in central Alaska SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OLD CROW TEPHRA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHINESE LOESS; PLEISTOCENE LOESS; SEWARD PENINSULA; INTERIOR ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; DESERT LOESS; NEW-ZEALAND AB Loess is one of the most widespread subaerial deposits in Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory and may have a history that goes back 3 Ma. Based on mineralogy and major and trace element chemistry, central Alaskan loess has a composition that is distinctive from other loess bodies of the world, although it is quartz-dominated. Central Alaskan loess was probably derived from a variety of rock types, including granites, metabasalts and schists. Detailed stratigraphic data and pedologic criteria indicate that, contrary to early studies, many palaeosols are present in central Alaskan loess sections. The buried soils indicate that loess sedimentation was episodic, or at least rates of deposition decreased to the point where pedogenesis could keep ahead of aeolian input. As in China, loess deposition and pedogenesis are likely competing processes and neither stops completely during either phase of the loess/soil formation cycle. Loess deposition in central Alaska took place before, and probably during the last interglacial period, during stadials of the mid-Wisconsin period, during the last glacial period and during the Holocene. An unexpected result of our geochronological studies is that only moderate loess deposition took place during the last glacial period. Our studies lead us to conclude that vegetation plays a key role in loess accumulation in Alaska. Factors favouring loess production are enhanced during glacial periods but factors that favour loess accumulation are diminished during glacial periods. The most important of these is vegetation: boreal forest serves as an effective loess trap, but sparsely distributed herb tundra does not. Thus, thick accumulations of loess should not be expected where tundra vegetation was dominant and this is borne out by modern studies near the treeline in central Alaska. Much of the stratigraphic diversity of North American loess, including that found in the Central Lowlands, the Great Plains, and Alaska is explained by a new model that emphasizes the relative importance of loess production factors versus loess accumulation factors. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Stafford Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, MS 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 137 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 18-19 BP 1947 EP 1986 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00167-7 PG 40 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 729PG UT WOS:000185781900007 ER PT J AU Wirth, TA Pyke, DA AF Wirth, TA Pyke, DA TI Restoring forbs for sage grouse habitat: Fire, microsites, and establishment methods SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Astragalus purshii; Centrocercus urophasianus; Crepis modocensis; Crepis occidentalis; fire; forbs; prescribed burning; revegetation; sagebrush steppe; sage grouse ID BIG SAGEBRUSH COMMUNITIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; OREGON; CHICKS; MORPHOLOGY; SUCCESSION; PATTERNS AB The decline and range reduction of sage grouse populations are primarily due to permanent loss and degradation of sagebrush-grassland habitat. Several studies have shown that sage grouse productivity may be limited by the availability of certain preferred highly nutritious forb species that have also declined within sagebrush ecosystems of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of three species of forbs for revegetation projects where improving sage grouse habitat is a goal. Species suitability was determined by evaluating the emergence, survival, and reproduction of Crepis modocensis , C. occidentalis , and Astragalus purshii in response to method of establishment (seeding or transplanting), site preparation treatment (burned or unburned), and microsite (mound or interspace) in an Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis vegetation association in south central Oregon. For seeded plants A. purshii had the lowest emergence (8%) of all three species. Both seeded Crepis species had similar overall emergence (38%). Significantly more Crepis seedlings emerged from shrub mounds in unburned areas (50%) than in any other fire-by-microsite treatment (33 to 36%). Approximately 10% more Crepis seedlings survived in mounds compared with interspaces. Nearly twice as many emerging Crepis seedlings survived in the burned areas as opposed to unburned areas (p < 0.01). This resulted in more plant establishment in burned mounds despite higher emergence in unburned mounds. Astragalus purshii seedlings also survived better in burned areas (p = 0.06) but had no differential response to microsite. Fire enhanced survival of both Crepis and A. purshii transplants (p = 0.08 and p = 0.001). We believe additional research is needed to improve A. purshii emergence before it will become an effective plant for restoring sage grouse habitat. Conversely, we conclude that these Crepis species provide a viable revegetation option for improving sage grouse habitat in south central Oregon. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 3 BP 370 EP 377 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2003.00159.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 708NW UT WOS:000184575400013 ER PT J AU Turner, DS Holm, PA Wirt, EB Schwalbe, CR AF Turner, DS Holm, PA Wirt, EB Schwalbe, CR TI Amphibians and reptiles of the Whetstone Mountains, Arizona SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB We surveyed the amphibians and reptiles of the Whetstone Mountains in southeastern Arizona using a combination of intensive small-area plots, extensive walking searches, trap arrays, road-driving, spot checks, and review of previous records. We found 43 species within the National Forest boundary and within 1 mile of the boundary. Composition of the herpetofauna is typically Madrean and included 5 anuran, 2 turtle, 21 lizard, and 14 snake species. Previous records from the study area documented only 15 species. Quantitative results of intensive and extensive searches provide additional baseline data that could be used for future monitoring efforts. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. 56th Range Management Off, Luke AFB, AZ 85309 USA. Univ Arizona, Sonoran Desert Field Stn, USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Turner, DS (reprint author), Nature Conservancy Arizona, 1510 Far E Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dturner@tnc.org NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0347:AAROTW>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724DJ UT WOS:000185471600004 ER PT J AU King, KA Zaun, BJ Schotborgh, HM Hurt, C AF King, KA Zaun, BJ Schotborgh, HM Hurt, C TI DDE-induced eggshell thinning in white-faced ibis: A continuing problem in the western United States SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; PLEGADIS-CHIHI; BODY CONDITION; CARSON LAKE; BIRDS; REPRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA; CHEMICALS; NEVADA AB White-faced ibises (Plegadis chihi) nesting in Arizona in 2000 exhibited extreme eggshell thinning and possible reproductive failure associated with high egg residues of DDE. A small colony of approximately 75 pairs nested relatively late in the season, and egg laying occurred from about June 15 to June 29. Average clutch size in 19 marked nests was 2.5, which was low compared to that reported for most other ibis populations. Hatching success was 43% (13 of 30 eggs remaining in active nests). The geometric mean DDE egg residue (2.23 mug/g wet weight) was similar to those reported in other ibis populations where DDE-incluced shell thinning adversely affected reproductive success. Two of 16 eggs collected from marked nests had a flexible shell that easily indented with slight finger pressure. Overall mean eggshell thickness of 23 eggs was 0.264 mm, 15% thinner than shells of museum eggs collected before the widespread use of DDT. Only 1 of 23 eggs contained mercury at potentially harmful concentrations (>2.5 mug/g dry weight). Selenium in 74% of the eggs exceeded background concentrations (<3.0 mug/g dry weight), but none exceeded the toxic threshold (>8.0 mug/g dry weight). C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cibola, AZ 85328 USA. RP King, KA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85021 USA. RI Hurt, Carla/A-3284-2011 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 356 EP 364 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0356:DETIWI>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724DJ UT WOS:000185471600005 ER PT J AU Anderson, JT Haukos, DA AF Anderson, JT Haukos, DA TI Breeding ground affiliation and movements of greater white-fronted geese staging in northwestern Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Data from neck-band observations were used to determine breeding-ground affiliation, period of use, and winter movement patterns of greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) observed in the Winchester Lakes region of northwestern Texas. Over 1,265 observations of nearly 800 individual neck-banded geese (3.2% of all neck-banded white-fronted geese in North America) were recorded in the region from 1988 through 1996. More than 4,200 observations of these individuals were recorded throughout North America. Observations peaked in November and February, indicating that the Winchester Lakes region is a migratory staging area for white-fronted geese. Only 6% of the birds in this region remained throughout the winter. Most birds staging in the Winchester Lakes region wintered in the rice prairies of coastal Texas and interior Mexico. Eighty-eight percent of the neck-banded geese were from the western portion of the midcontinent population of greater white-fronted geese, primarily representing Interior-Northwest Alaska, Yukon, and Anderson River breeding populations. These breeding populations are characterized by declining trends in population size and survival rates. The status (e.g., population trends, productivity, survival) of these breeding populations must be considered when managing birds in the Winchester Lakes region. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0365:BGAAMO>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724DJ UT WOS:000185471600006 ER PT J AU Miller, MS Wilson, KR Andersen, DC AF Miller, MS Wilson, KR Andersen, DC TI Ord's kangaroo rats living in floodplain habitats: Factors contributing to habitat attraction SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SONORAN DESERT SOILS; SMALL MAMMALS; HETEROMYID RODENTS; GREEN RIVER; ECOSYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; USA AB High densities of an aridland granivore, Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii), have been documented in floodplain habitats along the Yampa River in northwestern Colorado. Despite a high probability of inundation and attendant high mortality during the spring flood period, the habitat is consistently recolonized. To understand factors that potentially make riparian habitats attractive to D. ordii, we compared density and spatial pattern of seeds, density of a competitor (western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis), and digging energetics within floodplain habitats and between floodplain and adjacent upland habitats. Seed density within the floodplain was greatest in the topographically high (rarely flooded) floodplain and lowest immediately after a spring flood in the topographically low (frequently flooded) floodplain. Seed densities in adjacent upland habitat that never floods were higher than the lowest floodplain habitat. In the low floodplain prior to flooding, seeds had a clumped spatial pattern, which D. ordii is adept at exploiting; after spring flooding, a more random pattern resulted. Populations of the western harvester ant were low in the floodplain relative to the upland. Digging by D. ordii was energetically less expensive in floodplain areas than in upland areas. Despite the potential for mortality due to annual spring flooding, the combination of less competition from harvester ants and lower energetic costs of digging might promote the use of floodplain habitat by D. ordii. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wilson, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0411:OKRLIF>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724DJ UT WOS:000185471600011 ER PT J AU Page, KS Scribner, KI Bennett, KR Garzel, LM AF Page, KS Scribner, KI Bennett, KR Garzel, LM TI Genetic assessment of strain-specific sources of lake trout recruitment in the Great Lakes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH POPULATIONS; EARLY MORTALITY SYNDROME; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; SPAWNING AREAS; BROOK CHARR; SALMON; SUPERIOR; ONTARIO; DIFFERENTIATION AB Populations of wild lake trout Salvelinus namaycush have been extirpated from nearly all their historical habitats across the Great Lakes. Efforts to restore self-sustaining lake trout Populations in U.S. waters have emphasized the stocking of coded-wire-tagged juveniles from six hatchery strains (Seneca Lake, Lewis Lake, Green Lake, Apostle Islands, Isle Royale, and Marquette) into vacant habitats. Strain-specific stocking Success has historically been based on estimates of the Survival and catch rates of coded-wire-tagged adults returning to spawning sites. However, traditional marking methods and estimates of relative strain abundance provide no means of assessing strain fitness (i.e., the realized contributions to natural recruitment) except by assuming that young-of-the-year production is proportional to adult spawner abundance. We used microsatellite, genetic data collected from six hatchery strains with likelihood-based individual assignment tests (IA) and mixed-stock analysis (MSA) to identify the strain composition of young of the year recruited each year. We show that strain classifications based on IA and MSA were concordant and that the accuracy of both methods varied based on strain composition. Analyses of young-of-the-year lake trout samples from Little Traverse Bay (Lake Michigan) and Six Fathom Bank (Lake Huron) revealed that strain contributions differed significantly from estimates of the strain composition of adults returning to spawning reefs. The Seneca Lake strain contributed the majority of juveniles produced on Six Fathom Bank and more young of the year than expected within Little Traverse Bay. Microsatellite markets provided a method for accurately classifying the lake trout hatchery strains used for restoration efforts in the Great Lakes and for assessment of strain-specific reproductive success. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Page, KS (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Fisheries Res Unit, 1601 Minnesota Dr, Brainerd, MN 56401 USA. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 877 EP 894 DI 10.1577/T02-092 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500005 ER PT J AU Albanese, B Angermeier, PL Gowan, C AF Albanese, B Angermeier, PL Gowan, C TI Designing Mark-recapture studies to reduce effects of distance weighting on movement distance distributions of stream fishes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; DISPERSAL DISTANCES; HOME RANGE; PATTERNS; SALMONIDS; PARADIGM; HABITAT; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; SPREAD AB Mark-recapture studies generate biased, or distance-weighted, movement data because short distances are sampled more frequently than long distances. Using models and field data, we determined how study design affects distance weighting and the movement distributions of stream fishes. We first modeled distance weighting as a function of recapture section length in an unbranching stream. The addition of an unsampled tributary to one of these models substantially increased distance weighting by decreasing the percentage of upstream distances that were sampled. Similarly, the presence of multiple tributaries in the field study resulted in severe bias. However, increasing recapture section length strongly affected distance weighting in both the model and the field study, producing a zone where the number of fish moving could he estimated with little bias. Subsampled data from the field study indicated that longer median (three of three species) and maximum distances (two of three species) can be detected by increasing the length of the recapture section. The effect was extreme for bluehead chub Nocomis leptocephalus, a highly mobile species, which exhibited a longer median distance (133 m versus 60 m), a longer maximum distance (1,144 m versus 708 m), and a distance distribution that differed in shape when the full (4,123-m recapture section) and subsampled (1,978-m recapture section) data sets were compared. Correction factors that adjust the observed number of movements to undersampled distances upwards and those to oversampled distances downwards could not mitigate the distance weighting imposed by the shorter recapture section. Future studies should identify the spatial scale over which movements can be accurately measured before data are collected. Increasing recapture section length a priori is far superior to using post hoe correction factors to reduce the influence of distance weighting on observed distributions. Implementing these strategies will be especially important in stream networks where fish can follow multiple pathways out of the recapture section. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, US Geol Survey, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Randolph Macon Coll, Dept Biol, Ashland, VA 23005 USA. Randolph Macon Coll, Environm Studies Program, Ashland, VA 23005 USA. RP Albanese, B (reprint author), Georgia Nat Heritage Program, 2117 Highway 278 SE, Social Circle, GA 30025 USA. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 925 EP 939 DI 10.1577/T03-019 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500009 ER PT J AU Dolan, CR Miranda, LE AF Dolan, CR Miranda, LE TI Immobilization thresholds of electrofishing relative to fish size SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY AB Fish size and electrical waveforms have frequently been associated with variation in electrofishing effectiveness. Under controlled laboratory conditions, we measured the electrical power required by five electrical waveforms to immobilize eight fish species of diverse sizes and shapes. Fish size was indexed by total body length, Surface area, Volume, and weight; shape was indexed by the ratio of body length to body depth. Our objectives were to identify immobilization thresholds, elucidate the descriptors of fish size that were best associated with those immobilization thresholds, and determine whether the Vulnerability of a species relative to other species remained constant across electrical treatments. The results continued that fish size is a key variable controlling the immobilization threshold and further suggested that the size descriptor best related to immobilization is fish volume. The peak power needed to immobilize fish decreased rapidly with increasing fish volume in small fish but decreased slowly for fish larger than 75-100 cm(3) thermore, when we controlled for size and shape, different waveforms did not favor particular species, possibly because of the overwhelming effect of body size. Many of the immobilization inconsistencies previously attributed to species might simply represent the effect of disparities in body size. C1 US Geol Survey, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miranda, LE (reprint author), Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Off Resourc Conservat, 1 Nat Resources Way, Springfield, IL 62702 USA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 969 EP 976 DI 10.1577/T02-055 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500012 ER PT J AU Wright, PJ Noltie, DB Tillitt, DE AF Wright, PJ Noltie, DB Tillitt, DE TI Comparison of prehatch C-start responses in rainbow trout and lake trout embryos by means of a tactile stimulus test SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; ZEBRA FISH; BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; MAUTHNER NEURONS; RETICULOSPINAL CONTROL; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ESCAPE; LARVAE; GOLDFISH; HINDBRAIN AB The C-start in telcost fishes, a type of startle response, mediates the ability to respond to abrupt, unexpected stimuli and is characterized by a short-latency, C-type fast start acceleration. In prehatch fish embryos, the C-start appears necessary for mechanical breakdown of the egg chorion and successful hatching by way of increased embryo movement and distribution of the hatching enzymes. In later stages, the C-start plays an important role in predator avoidance. Using tactile stimulation, we evaluated the C-start response in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at 170 degree-days, when 6.6% of embryos exhibited C-starts, and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush embryos at 320 degree-days, when 23% of embryos exhibited C-starts. Triplicate groups of embryos were later tested at three developmental stages: early (220 and 360 degree-days for rainbow trout and lake trout, respectively), middle (260 and 480 degree-days, respectively), and late (320 and 560 degree-days, respectively). The proportion of trout embryos exhibiting C-start increased through time, such that 100% had responded by the late stage, just prior to hatching. C-starts could be obtained by repeated stimulation, and the relative activity of the embryos (based on the number of flexures per stimulus) also increased over time. Rainbow trout and lake trout showed very similar C-start responses at parallel developmental stages, and these patterns of response were similar to those reported in other fish species. C1 Columbia Coll, Dept Sci, Columbia, MO 65216 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Biol Res Div, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Wright, PJ (reprint author), Columbia Coll, Dept Sci, 1001 Rogers St, Columbia, MO 65216 USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 988 EP 996 DI 10.1577/T01-019 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500014 ER PT J AU Carline, RE McCullough, BJ AF Carline, RE McCullough, BJ TI Effects of floods on brook trout populations in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CATASTROPHIC FLOOD; DEBRIS FLOW; STREAM; RECOVERY; HABITAT; DISTURBANCE; RESILIENCE AB The objectives of this study were to describe the effects of the January and May 1996 floods on the stream habitat features, redds of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and brook trout density in 14 head-water streams in the Monongahela National Forest, W I est Virginia. We measured stream habitat features, estimated wild brook trout density, and mapped brook trout redds in summer and fall 1995. We resurveyed trout redds in February 1996. In summer 1996 we remeasured habitat features and estimated brook trout density. The floods caused substantial movements of stream substrates. The numbers of riffles and pools increased, though their lengths decreased. Redds were scoured during the January 1996 flood. Few age-0 trout were found in summer 1996, and their density averaged about 98% less than the previous year. Age-1 and older trout also declined; their density in 1996 was about 84% less than the previous year. The effects of the floods on brook trout density were most severe in streams at higher elevations. C1 Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Carline, RE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Merkle Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1020 DI 10.1577/T02-112 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500016 ER PT J AU Barndt, S Stone, J AF Barndt, S Stone, J TI Infestation of Salmincola californiensis (Copepoda : Lernaeopodidae) in wild Coho Salmon, steelhead, and coastal cutthroat trout juveniles in a small Columbia river tributary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS; EDWARDSII COPEPODA; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK TROUT; ECTOPARASITIC COPEPODS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; BEHAVIOR; FISH AB Host-parasite relationships between Salmincola californiensis (order Copepoda, family Lernaeopodidae) and three species of wild juvenile Pacific salmonids (coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, cutthroat trout O. clarki, and steelhead O. mykiss) were studied in Gibbons Creek, southwestern Washington, during 1998 and 1999. Infestation levels were moderate to low: prevalence was 0.2% in coho salmon, 20% in cutthroat trout. and 35% in steelhead; abundance was 0.01 in coho salmon, 0.63 in cutthroat trout, and 0.97 in steelhead; and mean intensity was 3.4 for cutthroat trout and 2.95 for steelhead. The incidence of infestation increased with increasing fish length, and this relationship may explain the differences in prevalence experienced by the three host species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. US Forest Serv, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. RP Stone, J (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 9317 NE Highway 99,Suite 1, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.1577/T02-122 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 723RZ UT WOS:000185446500018 ER PT J AU Toran, L Lipka, C Baehr, A Reilly, T Baker, R AF Toran, L Lipka, C Baehr, A Reilly, T Baker, R TI Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyltertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake, New Jersey SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MTBE; gasoline; lake; contamination; volatilization; monitoring ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER; MICROORGANISMS; ATMOSPHERE; GASOLINE AB Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20 mug/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24 mug/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2 mug/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Temple Univ, Dept Geol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Toran, L (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Geol, 1901 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3756 EP 3766 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00243-4 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 707LN UT WOS:000184512300025 PM 12867344 ER PT J AU Hebert, PN Carter, HR Golightly, RT Orthmeyer, DL AF Hebert, PN Carter, HR Golightly, RT Orthmeyer, DL TI Radio-telemetry evidence of re-nesting in the same season by the Marbled Murrelet SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; Marbled Murrelet; re-nesting; replacement eggs; radio-telemetry ID XANTUS AB Unlike other alcids, laying of replacement eggs has not been well documented in Brachyramphus murrelets. Observations of two radio-marked Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in northern California during 2001 and 2002 Suggested that they can re-lay in the same breeding season. In 2001, aircraft telemetry first detected a male Marbled Murrelet at a forested inland location on 17 May. This bird alternated 24h incubation bouts with 24h at sea periods until 29 May, when data logger recordings indicated that the bird arrived at the nest at 05.17 h (PDT), but left at 05.32 h. This nesting effort had apparently failed. Sixteen days later, on 14 June this murrelet arrived in the vicinity, of the first nest site at 05.19 h and remained there until 18.57 h that same evening and then left. We suspected that this event represented a second breeding effort that also failed, either near or at the site of the first effort. In 2002 a female Marbled Murrelet, first detected inland on 13 June by aircraft telemetry, alternated on the nest one day and at sea the next until 23 June when the breeding effort is presumed to have failed. This bird was again detected inland on 21 July, and alternated on the nest one day and at sea the following day until 3 August, when the radio-transmitter fell off the bird. Video recordings at the nest site indicated this second nesting attempt continued until 1 September, when the chick died of unknown causes. As in other alcids, re-laying apparently occurred 2-4 weeks after failure of the first eggs, either near or at the site of first eggs. Re-nesting may be frequent in murrelets, given the high rates of breeding failure reported. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. RP Hebert, PN (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0261:REORIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 731DK UT WOS:000185869100002 ER PT J AU Speckman, SG Piatt, JF Springer, AM AF Speckman, SG Piatt, JF Springer, AM TI Deciphering the social structure of Marbled Murrelets from behavioral observations at sea SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE behavior; Brachyramphus marmoratus; Marbled Murrelet; social structure; Southeast Alaska ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; FEEDING FLOCKS; ALASKA; SEABIRDS; ECOLOGY; ISLAND; GULLS; BIRDS; AREAS AB We surveyed Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) daily from small boats in Auke Bay and Fritz Cove, Alaska, from May through August 1992 and 1993. Differences in numbers of juveniles and in the timing of their presence in the study area between the two years indicated that breeding phenology was late and productivity was low in 1992 compared to 1993. This difference was consistent with variability in the physical environment. Of 99 fish identified in the bills of fish-holding adult murrelets, 81 (82%) were Pacific Sand Lance (Ammodytes hexapterus). Counts of fish-holding adult murrelets were significantly higher in the evening than at any other time of day. Time of day had no significant effects on counts of fledglings, indicating that juveniles were moving into and out of the study area during the day. Murrelets were predominantly found in groups of two or more, even during incubation, suggesting that murrelets incur an appreciable benefit, such as increased foraging efficiency, from foraging in groups. For both summers, there was no correlation between counts of murrelets on the water and numbers of murrelet detections in the adjacent forest. We suggest that many behavior patterns of the Marbled Murrelet (displaying, choosing of mates, and pair-bonding, finding of nest sites and successful foraging of juveniles) may be socially facilitated. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Speckman, SG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0266:DTSSOM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 731DK UT WOS:000185869100003 ER PT J AU Franson, JC Hansen, SP Creekmore, TE Brand, CJ Evers, DC Duerr, AE DeStefano, S AF Franson, JC Hansen, SP Creekmore, TE Brand, CJ Evers, DC Duerr, AE DeStefano, S TI Lead fishing weights and other fishing tackle in selected waterbirds SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Brown Pelican; Common Loon; fishing weights; Gavia immer; ingestion; lead; Pelecanus occidentalis; stomach; waterbirds ID LOONS GAVIA-IMMER; SWAN CYGNUS-OLOR; COMMON LOONS; NEW-ENGLAND; CONTAMINATION; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; THAMES; AREA AB From 1995 through 1999, 2,240 individuals of 28 species of waterbirds were examined in the United States for ingested lead fishing weights. A combination of radiography and visual examination of stomachs was used to search for lead weights and blood and liver samples from live birds and carcasses, respectively, were collected for lead analysis. Ingested lead weights were found most frequently in the Common Loon (Gavia immer) (11 of 313 = 3.5%) and Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) (10 of 365 = 2.7%), but also in one of 81 (1.2%) Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and one of 11 (9.1 %) Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax). Birds with ingested lead fishing weights (including split shot, jig heads, and egg, bell, and pyramid sinkers) were found in California, Florida, Maine, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Wisconsin. The size and mass of ingested lead weights ranged from split shot of 7 turn in the longest dimension, weighing less than 2 g, to a 22 x 39 mm pyramid sinker that weighed 78.2 g. Six ingested lead weights were more than 25.4 mm in the longest dimension. Lead concentrations in the blood and liver of birds with lead fishing weights in their stomachs ranged up to 13.9 ppm and 26.0 ppm (wet weight basis), respectively. During the study, we also noted the presence of ingested or entangled fishing tackle, with no associated lead weights, in eight species. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Biodivers Res Inst, Falmouth, ME 04105 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Franson, JC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM chris_franson@usgs.gov OI Franson, J/0000-0002-0251-4238 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 20 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 345 EP 352 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0345:LFWAOF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 731DK UT WOS:000185869100012 ER PT J AU Tiner, RW AF Tiner, RW TI Geographically isolated wetlands of the United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Review DE alvar wetlands; Carolina bays; channeled scablands; coastal plain wetlands; cypress domes; desert springs; desert wetlands; floodplain wetlands; interdunal wetlands; intradunal wetlands; isolated wetlands; karst wetlands; kettle-hole bogs; playas; pocosins; prairie potholes; Rainwater Basin wetlands; salt flats; salt lakes; Sandhills wetlands; sinkhole wetlands; terminal wetlands; vernal pools ID BEACH-RIDGE DEVELOPMENT; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; NEBRASKA SANDHILLS; PLAYA WETLANDS; COASTAL-PLAIN; LAKE-MICHIGAN; VERNAL POOLS; NORTH-DAKOTA; WATER-TABLE; GROUNDWATER AB While many wetlands form along floodplains of rivers, streams, lakes, and estuaries, others have developed in depressions far removed from such waters. Depressional wetlands completely surrounded by upland have traditionally been called "isolated wetlands." Isolated wetlands are not confined to basins, as some occur on broad flats and others form on slopes. The term "geographically isolated wetlands" better describes these wetlands, since many are hydrologically connected to other wetlands and waterbodies through ground-water flows or by intermittent overflows (spillovers). Numerous types of geographically isolated wetlands occur throughout the United States. They may be naturally formed or the result of human action. Naturally formed types include prairie pothole wetlands, playas, Nebraska's Rainwater Basin and Sandhills wetlands, West Coast vernal pools, sinkhole wetlands, Carolina bays, interdunal and intradunal wetlands, desert springs, terminal basins in the Great Basin, and kettle-hole bogs in glaciated regions. Human-caused isolated types may be intentionally built, such as ponds designed for various purposes and wetlands built on mined lands, or they may be accidentially created (e.g., natural wetlands that were once connected to rivers and streams but are now isolated by roads, railroads, and other development or isolated by altered river hydrology). Many of the functions and benefits attributed to non-isolated wetlands are present in isolated wetlands. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Tiner, RW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Reg,300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. EM ralph_tiner@fws.gov NR 125 TC 136 Z9 142 U1 15 U2 125 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 494 EP 516 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0494:GIWOTU]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730CR UT WOS:000185812100003 ER PT J AU Winter, TC LaBaugh, JW AF Winter, TC LaBaugh, JW TI Hydrologic considerations in defining isolated wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ground-water movement; climate change; water budget; ground water and surface water interaction ID COMPLEX; LAKES AB Wetlands that are not connected by streams to other surface-water bodies are considered to be isolated. Although the definition is based on surface-water connections to other water bodies, isolated wetlands commonly are integral parts of extensive ground-water flow systems, and isolated wetlands can spill over their surface divides into adjacent surface-water bodies during periods of abundant precipitation and high water levels. Thus, characteristics of ground-water flow and atmospheric-water flow affect the isolation of wetlands. In general, the degree that isolated wetlands are connected through the ground-water system to other surface water bodies depends to a large extent on the rate that ground water moves and the rate that hydrologic stresses can be transmitted through the ground-water system. Water that seeps from an isolated wet-land into a gravel aquifer can travel many kilometers through the ground-water system in one year. In contrast, water that seeps from an isolated wetland into a clayey or silty substrate may travel less than one meter in one year. For wetlands that can spill over their surface watersheds during periods of wet climate conditions, their isolation is related to the height to a spill elevation above normal wetland water level and the recurrence interval of various magnitudes of precipitation. The concepts presented in this paper indicate that the entire hydrologic system needs to be considered in establishing a definition of hydrologic isolation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Winter, TC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 412, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 22 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 532 EP 540 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0532:HCIDIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730CR UT WOS:000185812100005 ER PT J AU Haukos, DA Smith, LM AF Haukos, DA Smith, LM TI Past and future impacts of wetland regulations on playa ecology in the Southern Great Plains SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE playa wetlands; regulations; Southern High Plains ID TEXAS; LAKES; VEGETATION; BASINS AB Playa wetlands provide functions critical to the existence of life on the High Plains portion of the Great Plains, including surface drainage, aquifer recharge, and wildlife habitat. These small, circular, isolated depressional wetlands with closed watersheds have a dynamic, unpredictable hydroperiod, which is essential to the maintenance of biodiversity. Most numerous in the Southern High Plains of northwestern Texas and eastern New Mexico, playas have been impacted by sedimentation, pit excavation, road construction, industrial and municipal wastewater, feedlot runoff, urban development, overgrazing, and deliberate filling. Despite being declared, as a wetland class, jurisdictional "waters of the United States" since 1977, regulations and laws for conservation of wetland functions have seldom been applied to playas. The January 2001 Supreme Court decision, Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County (SWANCC) v. United States Army of Corps of Engineers, likely eliminated federal regulation of impacts covered by the Clean Water Act in all but a few playas. Although still subject to the Federal "Swampbuster" provision enacted by the 1985 Food Security Act, extended natural dry periods allows for frequent cultivation and other activities in playas without incurring violation, contributing to the continued degradation of playa functions. None of the states with significant numbers of playas have regulations for the conservation of playa functions. Suggestions for the successful future conservation of playas and their associated functions include (1) increased promotion and implementation of existing federal and state conservation programs specifically for playas; (2) proposed state regulations for playa conservation; (3) recognition of agricultural impacts on wetland determinations; (4) creation of Welland Management Districts to preserve intact, functioning playas; and (5) increased public education on the value of playas. C1 Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Haukos, DA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, MS 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 577 EP 589 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0577:PAFIOW]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730CR UT WOS:000185812100009 ER PT J AU Tiner, RW AF Tiner, RW TI Estimated extent of geographically isolated wetlands in selected areas of the United States SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Carolina bays; coastal plain wetlands; Delmarva potholes; Gulf Coast Prairie; flatwood wetlands; geographically isolated wetlands; isolated wetlands; jurisdictional wetlands; playas; Prairie Pothole wetlands; Rainwater Basin wetlands; Sandhills wetlands; terminal basins; West Coast vernal pools AB In preparing a major report on geographically isolated wetlands, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) initiated a study of the extent of these wetlands across the country. The FWS used geographic information system (GIS) technology to analyze existing digital data (e.g., National Wetlands Inventory data and U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data) to predict the extent of isolated wetlands in 72 study areas. Study sites included areas where specific types of "isolated" wetlands (e.g., Prairie Pothole marshes, playas, Rainwater Basin marshes and meadows, terminal basins, sinkhole wetlands, Carolina bays, and West Coast vernal pools) were known to occur, as well as areas from other physiographic regions. In total, these sites represented a broad cross-section of America's landscape. Although intended to show examples of the extent of isolated wetlands across the country, the study was not designed to generate statistically significant estimates of isolated wetlands for the nation. As expected, the extent of isolated wetlands was quite variable. The study found that isolated wetlands constituted a significant proportion of the wetland resource in and and semi-arid to subhumid regions and in karst topography. Eight study areas had more than half of their wetland area designated as isolated, while 24 other areas had 20-50 percent of their wetland area in this category. For most sites, isolated wetlands represented a greater percent of the total number of wetlands than the percent of wetland area. This was largely attributed to difference in wetland size, with most non-isolated wetlands being larger than the isolated wetlands. Forty-three sites had more than 50 percent of their total number of wetlands. designated as isolated. The estimates of isolated wetlands presented in this study cannot be readily translated to wetlands that have lost Clean Water Act "protection" based on a recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling for several reasons, including the lack of written guidance on interpreting the Court's decision for identifying jurisdictional wetlands. The results of this GIS analysis present one perspective on the extent of geographically isolated wetlands in the country and represent a starting point for more detailed assessments. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Tiner, RW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Northeast Reg,300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 31 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 636 EP 652 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2003)023[0636:EEOGIW]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 730CR UT WOS:000185812100014 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Myers, WL Gould, WR AF Bender, LC Myers, WL Gould, WR TI Comparison of helicopter and ground surveys for North American elk Cervus elaphus and mule deer Odocoileus hemionus population composition SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age structure; elk; ground surveys; helicopter; mule deer; population composition; sex ratios; surveys ID HERD COMPOSITION; TAILED DEER; BIAS; PRECISION; ACCURACY AB Both ground and helicopter surveys are commonly used to collect sex and age composition data for ungulates. Little attention has been paid, however, to whether data collected by each technique are similar. We compared helicopter and ground composition data for both elk Cervus elaphus and mule deer Odocoileus hemionus across a variety of habitats in the state of Washington, USA. We found that ground and helicopter counts differed (P's < 0.002) consistently in male age structure estimates for elk, and that the two survey methods differed in estimates of adult sex ratios for mule deer (P = 0.023). Counts from helicopters provided larger sample sizes, tended to be more consistent annually in their results, and were corroborated by other demographic studies of the test populations. We conclude that helicopter and ground surveys differ for male age structure and perhaps male:female ratios, but are similar for young:female ratios. Managers should maintain a standardized technique using the same survey vehicle for trend analysis of composition data. C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Cle Elum, WA 98922 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, North Div 8702, Spokane, WA 99216 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Econ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003 MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 731DG UT WOS:000185868800006 ER PT J AU Diefenbach, DR Kochanny, CO Vreeland, JK Wallingford, BD AF Diefenbach, DR Kochanny, CO Vreeland, JK Wallingford, BD TI Evaluation of an expandable, breakaway radiocollar for white-tailed deer fawns SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE animal welfare; expandable collar; neck circumference; neonate; Oclocoileus virginianus; radiocollar; radiotelemetry; white-tailed deer ID SELF-ADJUSTING COLLAR; MORTALITY; CARIBOU; HERD AB We evaluated an expandable, breakaway VHF radiocollar design for use on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from birth to about 1 year of age. A similar collar design has been used on caribou (Rangifer tarandus), but we found that the collar did not expand quickly enough to accommodate increase in neck circumference of fawns during the first 2 months of life. Consequently, we modified the stitching pattern so that the first expansion fold opened faster. We monitored performance of this modification on free-ranging and captive fawns. Also, we collected data on neck growth in fawns to document design requirements of expandable collars for white-tailed deer. Mean neck circumference at less than or equal to14 days of age of free-ranging fawns in Pennsylvania was 17.8 cm (SD= 1.67, n=62) for males and 17.3 cm (SD=1.50, n=52) for females. Based on measurements of captive fawns, neck circumference increased 8.8 cm from birth to August, 2.5 cm from August to October, and 2.6 cm from October to March. Observations of captive fawns fitted with dummy radiocollars indicated that collars expanded when needed and caused no apparent discomfort to fawns. We detected no problems with use of 86 collars on 113 free-ranging fawns for >270 days and recovered radiocollars expanded as designed. The elastic collar material failed on 3 collars (3%) after 142, 207, and 226 days on fawns, and 1-5 radiocollars (less than or equal to4%) were cast by fawns. Our modification to this radiocollar design reduced fawn discomfort or suffering, allowing researchers to better comply with principles of the Animal Welfare Act. C1 Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Adv Telemetry Syst Inc, Isanti, MN 55040 USA. Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Diefenbach, DR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Unit, 113 Merkle Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 756 EP 761 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500018 ER PT J AU Eggebo, SL Higgins, KF Naugle, DE Quamen, FR AF Eggebo, SL Higgins, KF Naugle, DE Quamen, FR TI Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Conservation Reserve Program; cool season; cover; CRP; habitat; Phasianus colchicus; ring-necked pheasant; South Dakota; warm season ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; GRASSLAND BIRD CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; MODELS AB Loss of native grasslands to tillage has increased the importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to maintain ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations. Despite the importance of CRP to pheasants, little is known about the effects of CRP field age and cover type on pheasant abundance and productivity in the northern Great Plains. Therefore, we assessed effects of these characteristics on pheasant use of CRP fields. We stratified CRP grasslands (n=42) by CRP stand age (old [10-13 yrs] vs. new [1-3 yrs] grasslands) and cover type (CP1 [cool-season grasslands] vs. CP2 [warm-season grasslands]) in eastern South Dakota and used crowing counts and roadside brood counts to index ring-necked pheasant abundance and productivity. Field-age and cover-type effects on pheasant abundance and productivity were largely the result of differences in vegetation structure among fields. More crowing pheasants were recorded in old cool-season CRP fields than any other age or cover type, and more broods were recorded in cool- than warm-season CRP fields. Extending existing CRP contracts another 5-10 years would provide the time necessary for new fields to acquire the vegetative structure used most by pheasants without a gap in habitat availability. Cool-season grass-legume mixtures (CP1) that support higher pheasant productivity should be given equal or higher ratings than warm-season (CP2) grass stands. We also recommend that United States Department of Agriculture administrators and field staff provide broader and more flexible guidelines on what seed mixtures can be used in CRP grassland plantings in the northern Great Plains. This would allow landowners and natural resource professionals who manage pheasant habitat to plant a mosaic of cool- and warm-season CRP grassland habitats. C1 S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Eggebo, SL (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, US Geol Survey, S Dakota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM dnaugle@forestry.umt.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 779 EP 785 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500022 ER PT J AU Fleskes, JP Jarvis, RL Gilmer, DS AF Fleskes, JP Jarvis, RL Gilmer, DS TI Selection of flooded agricultural fields and other landscapes by female northern pintails wintering in Tulare Basin, California SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Anas acuta; California; habitat selection; northern pintail; San Joaquin Valley; Tulare Basin ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; HABITAT USE; SACRAMENTO-VALLEY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; WATERFOWL; DUCKS; SHOREBIRDS; MOVEMENTS; WETLANDS AB Habitat selection and use are measures of relative importance of habitats to wildlife and necessary information for effective wildlife conservation. To measure the relative importance of flooded agricultural fields and other landscapes to northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Tulare Basin (TB), California, we radiotagged female pintails during late August-early October, 1991-1993 in TB and other San Joaquin Valley areas and determined use and selection of these TB landscapes through March each year. Availability of landscape and field types in TB changed within and among years. Pintail use and selection (based upon use-to-availability log ratios) of landscape and field types differed among seasons, years, and diel periods. Fields flooded after harvest and before planting (i.e., pre-irrigated) were the most available, used, and selected landscape type before the hunting season (Prehunt). Safflower was the most available, used, and-except in 1993, when pre-irrigated fallow was available-selected pre-irrigated field type during Prehunt. Pre-irrigated barley-wheat received 19-22% of use before hunting season, but selection varied greatly among years and diel periods. During and after hunting season, managed marsh was the most available, used, and, along with floodwater areas, selected landscape type; pre-irrigated cotton and alfalfa were the least selected field types and accounted for less than or equal to13% of pintail use. Agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds, sewage treatment ponds, and reservoirs accounted for 42-48% of flooded landscape available but were little used and least selected. Exodus of pintails from TB coincided with drying of pre-irrigated fallow, safflower, and barley-wheat fields early in winter, indicating that preferred habitats were lacking in TB during late winter. Agriculture conservation programs could improve TB for pintails by increasing flooding of fallow and harvested safflower and grain fields. Conservation of remaining wetlands should concentrate on increasing the amount and productivity of marsh that is shallow-flooded as pre-irrigated grain fields dry. If pintails were provided with adequate preferred field and marsh habitats, including hunt-day sanctuaries, contaminant risks associated with exposure to drainwater evaporation ponds probably should remain low for these waterfowl even if their abundance in TB increased. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Fleskes, JP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, 6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 793 EP 803 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500024 ER PT J AU McDonald, TL Amstrup, SC Manly, BFJ AF McDonald, TL Amstrup, SC Manly, BFJ TI Tag loss can bias Jolly-Seber capture-recapture estimates SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; Cormack marking; Jolly-Seber; open populations; population size; resight; survival rates; tagging ID POPULATION; SIZE AB We identified cases where the Jolly-Seber estimator of population size is biased under tag loss and tag-induced mortality by examining the mathematical arguments and performing computer simulations. We found that, except under certain tag-loss models and high sample sizes, the population size estimators (uncorrected for tag loss) are severely biased high when tag loss or tag-induced mortality occurs. Our findings verify that this misconception about effects of tag loss and tag-induced mortality could have serious consequences for field biologists interested in population size. Reiterating common sense, we encourage those engaged in capture-recapture studies to be careful and humane when handling animals during tagging, to use tags with high retention rates, to double-tag animals when possible, and to strive for the highest capture probabilities possible. C1 Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP McDonald, TL (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 814 EP 822 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500026 ER PT J AU Beever, E AF Beever, E TI Management implications of the ecology of free-roaming horses in semi-arid ecosystems of the western United States SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bos taurus; Equus caballus; life-history traits; management; semi-arid ecosystems ID BASIN FERAL HORSES; WILD HORSES; GENETIC-VARIATION; HABITAT USE; RED DESERT; BIG GAME; CATTLE; DEMOGRAPHY; POPULATION; DOMINANCE AB Compared to other ungulates of North America, free-roaming horses (Equus caballus) possess a unique evolutionary history that has given rise to a distinct suite of behavioral, morphological, and physiological traits. Because of their unique combination of cecal digestion, an elongate head with flexible lips, and non-uniform use of the landscape, horses represent a unique disturbance agent in semi-arid ecosystems of the western United States. Consequently, it is inappropriate to assume that influences of horses on the structure, composition, function, and pattern of arid and semi-arid ecosystems will mirror influences of cattle or other artiodactyls. Although management areas for free-roaming horses occupy 18.6 million ha of land across western North America, we know relatively little about how western ecosystems and their components have responded to this uniquely managed ungulate. I draw on my research of horse habitats in the western Great Basin (U.S.A.) to examine predictions of horses' unique influence, and advocate for continued research to refine our understanding of synecological relationships among horses and diverse ecosystem components in arid and semi-arid regions. C1 US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Beever, E (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 11 U2 43 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 887 EP 895 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500037 ER PT J AU Ball, J Pletscher, D AF Ball, J Pletscher, D TI A phenomenal run - Bart W. O'Gara - 1923-2003 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59824 USA. RP Ball, J (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 918 EP 919 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 733QQ UT WOS:000186012500041 ER PT J AU Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Rosenfield, LJ Stewart, AC Murphy, RK Grosshuesch, DA Bozek, MA AF Rosenfield, RN Bielefeldt, J Rosenfield, LJ Stewart, AC Murphy, RK Grosshuesch, DA Bozek, MA TI Comparative relationships among eye color, age, and sex in three North American populations of Cooper's Hawks SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TAIL-LENGTH; SELECTION AB Although adult plumage in Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) exhibits little or no sexual dichromatism, iris color reportedly changes from yellow or light orange in younger birds to shades of orange or red in older birds, especially in males. However, there is little quantitative data on this phenomenon. It has been suggested that male eye color may serve as a signal of age and hence reproductive fitness and thus offer a basis for nonrandorn mating in Cooper's Hawks. In this study we examine the relationships between eye color and age, sex, and reproductive output for Cooper's Hawks in two breeding populations in British Columbia and North Dakota, 1999-2002, and compare these results to those previously published for a breeding population in Wisconsin, 1980-1995. Cooper's Hawks in British Columbia and North Dakota appear to acquire darker orange or red irides more frequently and more quickly than their counterparts at known and relative ages in Wisconsin. Females in all study sites are slower and less likely than males to acquire the darkest eye colors. Eye color is not a reliable predictor of age in individual male and female Cooper's Hawks, for researchers and perhaps for the birds themselves, because individual hawks of a given eye color displayed variation in known and relative ages in British Columbia and Wisconsin. There was no significant relationship between the eye color of males and their brood sizes in any of these three populations, and therefore no discernable support for the premise that male eye color per se signals male fitness, or functions as a sexual trait for assortative mating in this species. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Racine Cty Publ Works Div, Sturtevant, WI 53177 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Coop Fishery Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. BC Environm, Victoria, BC V8W 9M1, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Rosenfield, RN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM rrosenfi@uwsp.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 115 IS 3 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1676/03-012 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 806VR UT WOS:000220461900001 ER PT J AU Vanderwerf, EA AF Vanderwerf, EA TI Distribution, abundance, and breeding biology of white terns on Oahu, Hawaii SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB White Terns (Gygis alba) are common in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, but in the main Hawaiian Islands they are found only on Oahu, where they are listed as threatened by the State of Hawaii. I censused the White Tern population on Oahu from October 2001 to January 2003, and I investigated breeding success and seasonality during monthly visits to four sites. I observed a total of 694 adult White Terns on Oahu, of which approximately 500 (72%) were breeding birds. Active nests were present during all months, but most eggs were laid from January to April (65%), with a peak in egg laying during March (22%). Nest success was 74%, and pairs produced a mean of 0.98 fledglings/year. One pair fledged successive young less than three months apart. The incubation period at one nest was 35 days, and the fledging periods at two nests were 43 and 47 days. The White Tern population on Oahu has increased from a single breeding pair in 1961 to approximately 250 pairs in 2002, a growth rate of 14% per year. White Terns on Oahu exist entirely in urban and suburban areas, and their reproduction is not inhibited by the numerous predators and sources of disturbance. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Vanderwerf, EA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Ala Moana Blvd,Room 3-122,Box 5088, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. EM eric_vanderwerf@fws.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 115 IS 3 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1676/03-028 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 806VR UT WOS:000220461900006 ER PT J AU Qi, HP Coplen, TB AF Qi, HP Coplen, TB TI Evaluation of the S-34/S-32 ratio of Soufre de Lacq elemental sulfur isotopic reference material by continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur; stable isotopes; S-34/S-32; isotopic reference material AB Soufre de Lacq elemental sulfur reference material (IAEA-S-4) isotopically is homogeneous in amounts as small as 41 mug as determined by continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The delta(34)S value for this reference material is + 16.90 +/- 0.12 parts per thousand, (1sigma) on a scale (Vienna Canon Diablo troilite, VCDT) where IAEA-S-1 A92S is - 0.3 parts per thousand and IAEAS-2 Ag2S is + 22.67 parts per thousand. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Qi, HP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 199 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00075-5 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 693JH UT WOS:000183713600012 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Sohl, TL Loveland, TR AF Stehman, SV Sohl, TL Loveland, TR TI Statistical sampling to characterize recent United States land-cover change SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE land-cover change; sampling; poststratification; precision ID DESIGN; STRATEGY; IMAGES; TIME AB The U.S. Geological Survey, in conjunction with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is conducting a study focused on developing methods for estimating changes in land-cover and landscape pattern for the conterminous United States from 1973 to 2000. Eleven landcover and land-use classes are interpreted from Landsat imagery for five sampling dates. Because of the high cost and potential effect of classification error associated with developing change estimates from wall-to-wall land-cover maps, a probability sampling approach is employed. The basic sampling unit is a 20 X 20 kin area, and land cover is obtained for each 60 X 60 in pixel within the sampling unit. The sampling design is stratified based on ecoregions, and land-cover change estimates are constructed for each stratum. The sampling design and analyses are documented, and estimates of change accompanied by standard errors are presented to demonstrate the methodology. Analyses of the completed strata suggest that the sampling unit should be reduced to a 10 X 10 kin block, and poststratified estimation and regression estimation are viable options to improve precision of estimated change. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. OI Sohl, Terry/0000-0002-9771-4231 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 30 PY 2003 VL 86 IS 4 BP 517 EP 529 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00129-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 711NW UT WOS:000184748800008 ER PT J AU Bradley, DC Dumoulin, J Layer, P Sunderlin, D Roeske, S McClelland, B Harris, AG Abbott, G Bundtzen, T Kusky, T AF Bradley, DC Dumoulin, J Layer, P Sunderlin, D Roeske, S McClelland, B Harris, AG Abbott, G Bundtzen, T Kusky, T TI Late Paleozoic orogeny in Alaska's Farewell terrane SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cordilleran tectonics; Alaska; permian; orogeny; foreland basin; plate reconstructions ID PALEOGEOGRAPHY; ROCKS; LASER; YUKON; AGE AB Evidence is presented for a previously unrecognized late Paleozoic orogeny in two parts of Alaska's Farewell terrane, an event that has not entered into published scenarios for the assembly of Alaska. The Farewell terrane was long regarded as a piece of the early Paleozoic passive margin of western Canada, but is now thought, instead, to have lain between the Siberian and Laurentian (North American) cratons during the early Paleozoic. Evidence for a late Paleozoic orogeny comes from two belts located 100-200 km apart. In the northern belt, metamorphic rocks dated at 284-285 Ma (three Ar-40/Ar-39 white-mica plateau ages) provide the main evidence for orogeny. The metamorphic rocks are interpreted as part of the hinterland of a late Palcozoic mountain belt, which we name the Browns Fork orogen. In the southern belt, thick accumulations of Pennsylvanian-Permian conglomerate and sandstone provide the main evidence for orogeny. These strata are interpreted as the eroded and deformed remnants of a late Paleozoic foreland basin, which we name the Dall Basin. We suggest that the Browns Fork orogen and Dall Basin comprise a matched pair formed during collision between the Farewell terrane and rocks to the west. The colliding object is largely buried beneath Late Cretaceous flysch to the west of the Farewell terrane, but may have included parts of the so-called Innoko terrane. The late Paleozoic convergent plate boundary represented by the Browns Fork orogen likely connected with other zones of plate convergence now located in Russia, elsewhere in Alaska, and in western Canada. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Geol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Govt Yukon, Dept Energy Mines & Resources, Yukon Geol Survey, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2B5, Canada. Pacific Rim Geol Consulting Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Bradley, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RI Layer, Paul/F-5465-2010; Kusky, Timothy/E-6016-2010; OI Kusky, Timothy/0000-0002-4553-620X NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 372 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00238-5 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 723TQ UT WOS:000185448000002 ER PT J AU Swenson, S Wahr, J Milly, PCD AF Swenson, S Wahr, J Milly, PCD TI Estimated accuracies of regional water storage variations inferred from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE time-variable gravity; groundwater; soil moisture; water storage; water budget ID ENERGY BALANCES; SOIL-MOISTURE; LAND WATER; VARIABILITY; MODEL; FIELD; SCALES AB [1] The satellite Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment ( GRACE) provides data describing monthly changes in the geoid, which are closely related to changes in vertically integrated terrestrial water storage. Unlike conventional point or gridded hydrologic measurements, such as those from rain gauges, stream gauges, rain radars, and radiometric satellite images, GRACE data are sets of Stokes coefficients in a truncated spherical harmonic expansion of the geoid. Swenson and Wahr [2002] describe techniques for constructing spatial averaging kernels, with which the average change in vertically integrated water storage within a given region can be extracted from a set of Stokes coefficients. This study extends that work by applying averaging kernels to a realistic synthetic GRACE gravity signal derived in part from a large-scale hydrologic model. By comparing the water storage estimates inferred from the synthetic GRACE data with the water storage estimates predicted by the same hydrologic model, we are able to assess the accuracy of the GRACE estimates and to compare the performance of different averaging kernels. We focus specifically on recovering monthly water storage variations within North American river basins. We conclude that GRACE will be capable of estimating monthly changes in water storage to accuracies of better than 1 cm of water thickness for regions having areas of 4.0 . 10(5) km(2) or larger. Accuracies are better for larger regions. The water storage signal of the Mississippi river basin (area = 3.9 . 10(6) km(2)), for example, can be obtained to better than 5 mm. For regional- to global-scale water balance analyses, this result indicates that GRACE will provide a useful, direct measure of seasonal water storage for river-basin water balance analyses; such data are without precedent in hydrologic analysis. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Swenson, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Campus Box 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 20 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 7 U2 54 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 28 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 8 AR 1223 DI 10.1029/2002WR001808 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 720HJ UT WOS:000185255100004 ER PT J AU Artemieva, IM AF Artemieva, IM TI Lithospheric structure, composition, and thermal regime of the East European Craton: implications for the subsidence of the Russian platform SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE craton; East European platform; lithosphere; crust; geotherms; depletion; rifting; subsidence ID BALTIC SHIELD; HEAT-FLOW; MANTLE LITHOSPHERE; CONTINENTAL MANTLE; UKRAINIAN SHIELD; SEISMIC-WAVE; EVOLUTION; SUBDUCTION; MECHANISMS; ROOTS AB A new mechanism for Paleozoic subsidence of the Russian, or East European, platform is suggested, since a model of lithosphere tilting during the Uralian subduction does not explain the post-Uralian sedimentation record. Alternatively, I propose that the Proterozoic and Paleozoic rifting (when a platform-scale Central Russia rift system and a set of Paleozoic rifts were formed) modified the structure and composition of cratonic lithosphere, and these tectono-magmatic events are responsible for the post-Uralian subsidence of the Russian platform. To support this hypothesis, (a) the thermal regime and the thickness of the lithosphere are analyzed, and (b) lithospheric density variations of non-thermal origin are calculated from free-board constraints. The results indicate that Proterozoic and Paleozoic rifting had different effects on the lithospheric structure and composition. (1) Proterozoic rifting is not reflected in the present thermal regime and did not cause significant lithosphere thinning (most of the Russian platform has lithospheric thickness of 150-180 km and the lithosphere of the NE Baltic Shield is 250-300 km thick). Paleozoic rifting resulted in pronounced lithospheric thinning (to 120-140 km) in the southern parts of the Russian platform. (2) Lithospheric density anomalies suggest that Proterozoic Paleozoic rifting played an important role in the platform subsidence. The lithospheric mantle of the Archean-early Proterozoic part of the Baltic Shield is similar to1.4+/-0.2% less dense than the typical Phanerozoic upper mantle. However, the density deficit in the subcrustal lithosphere of most of the Russian platform is only about (0.4-0.8)+/-0.2% and decreases southwards to similar to0%. Increased densities (likely associated with low depletion values) in the Russian platform suggest strong metasomatism of the cratonic lithosphere during rifting events, which led to its subsidence. It is proposed that only the lower part of the cratonic lithosphere was metasomatized as a result of Proterozoic rifting; the boundary between a depleted upper and more fertile lower layers can be at ca. 90-150 km depth and can produce a seismic pattern similar to the top of a seismic low-velocity zone. Paleozoic rifting has modified the entire lithospheric column and the regions affected are still subsiding. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 EOST, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. USGS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Artemieva, IM (reprint author), EOST, 5 Rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RI Artemieva, Irina/C-2106-2013 OI Artemieva, Irina/0000-0002-3207-2901 NR 70 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2003 VL 213 IS 3-4 BP 431 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00327-3 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 716ZJ UT WOS:000185060100021 ER PT J AU Schmitz-Afonso, I Loyo-Rosales, JE Aviles, MD Rattner, BA Rice, CP AF Schmitz-Afonso, I Loyo-Rosales, JE Aviles, MD Rattner, BA Rice, CP TI Determination of alkylphenol and alkylphenolethoxylates in biota by liquid chromatography with detection by tandem mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE osprey; fish; alkylphenol; alkylphenylethoxylates; nonylphenol; octylphenol; ethoxylates ID ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; AQUATIC TOXICITY; FATHEAD MINNOWS; GREAT-LAKES; FISH; WATER; METABOLITES; POLYETHOXYLATES AB A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of octylphenol, nonylphenol and the corresponding ethoxylates (1 to 5) in biota is presented. Extraction methods were developed for egg and fish matrices based on accelerated solvent extraction followed by a solid-phase extraction cleanup, using octadecylsilica or aminopropyl cartridges. Identification and quantitation were accomplished by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and compared to the traditional liquid chromatography with fluorescence spectroscopy detection. LC-MS-MS provides high sensitivity and specificity required for these complex matrices and an accurate quantitation with the use of C-13-labeled internal standards. Quantitation limits by LC-MS-MS ranged from 4 to 12 ng/g in eggs, and from 6 to 22 ng/g in fish samples. These methods were successfully applied to osprey eggs from the Chesapeake Bay and fish from the Great Lakes area. Total levels found in osprey egg samples were up to 18 ng/g wet mass and as high as 8.2 mug/g wet mass in the fish samples. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Bldg 001,Room 220,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle/D-2168-2013 NR 39 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 1010 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00956-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 715HX UT WOS:000184966900004 PM 14503813 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Lockner, DA AF Beeler, NM Lockner, DA TI Why earthquakes correlate weakly with the solid Earth tides: Effects of periodic stress on the rate and probability of earthquake occurrence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquake probability; stress triggering; earthquake nucleation ID WESTERLY GRANITE; STATIC FATIGUE; STICK-SLIP; FRICTION; FAULT; CRACK; FAILURE; RUPTURE; GROWTH; ROCK AB We provide an explanation why earthquake occurrence does not correlate well with the daily solid Earth tides. The explanation is derived from analysis of laboratory experiments in which faults are loaded to quasiperiodic failure by the combined action of a constant stressing rate, intended to simulate tectonic loading, and a small sinusoidal stress, analogous to the Earth tides. Event populations whose failure times correlate with the oscillating stress show two modes of response; the response mode depends on the stressing frequency. Correlation that is consistent with stress threshold failure models, e.g., Coulomb failure, results when the period of stress oscillation exceeds a characteristic time t(n); the degree of correlation between failure time and the phase of the driving stress depends on the amplitude and frequency of the stress oscillation and on the stressing rate. When the period of the oscillating stress is less than tn, the correlation is not consistent with threshold failure models, and much higher stress amplitudes are required to induce detectable correlation with the oscillating stress. The physical interpretation of tn is the duration of failure nucleation. Behavior at the higher frequencies is consistent with a second-order dependence of the fault strength on sliding rate which determines the duration of nucleation and damps the response to stress change at frequencies greater than 1/t(n). Simple extrapolation of these results to the Earth suggests a very weak correlation of earthquakes with the daily Earth tides, one that would require >13,000 earthquakes to detect. On the basis of our experiments and analysis, the absence of definitive daily triggering of earthquakes by the Earth tides requires that for earthquakes, tn exceeds the daily tidal period. The experiments suggest that the minimum typical duration of earthquake nucleation on the San Andreas fault system is similar to1 year. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM nbeeler@usgs.gov; dlockner@usgs.gov NR 58 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B8 AR 2391 DI 10.1029/2001JB001518 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 715XX UT WOS:000185000700001 ER PT J AU Brodsky, EE Roeloffs, E Woodcock, D Gall, I Manga, M AF Brodsky, EE Roeloffs, E Woodcock, D Gall, I Manga, M TI A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; triggering; time-dependent hydrology; fractures ID WELL-AQUIFER SYSTEMS; WATER-LEVEL CHANGES; TRIGGERED SEISMICITY; EARTH TIDES; CALIFORNIA; LANDERS AB Large, sustained well water level changes (>10 cm) in response to distant (more than hundreds of kilometers) earthquakes have proven enigmatic for over 30 years. Here we use high sampling rates at a well near Grants Pass, Oregon, to perform the first simultaneous analysis of both the dynamic response of water level and sustained changes, or steps. We observe a factor of 40 increase in the ratio of water level amplitude to seismic wave ground velocity during a sudden coseismic step. On the basis of this observation we propose a new model for coseismic pore pressure steps in which a temporary barrier deposited by groundwater flow is entrained and removed by the more rapid flow induced by the seismic waves. In hydrothermal areas, this mechanism could lead to 4 x 10(-2) MPa pressure changes and triggered seismicity. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Oregon Water Resources Dept, Salem, OR 97301 USA. Oregon Water Resources Dept, Grants Pass, OR 97526 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 1708 Geol Bldg,595 Charles Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM brodsky@ess.ucla.edu; evelynr@usgs.gov; Douglas.E.Woodcock@wrd.state.or.us; Ivan.K.Gall@wrd.state.or.us; manga@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; Brodsky, Emily/B-9139-2014 NR 24 TC 194 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B8 AR 2390 DI 10.1029/2002JB002321 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 715XX UT WOS:000185000700003 ER PT J AU Nishimura, T Thatcher, W AF Nishimura, T Thatcher, W TI Rheology of the lithosphere inferred from postseismic uplift following the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE postseismic deformation; viscoelastic relaxation; leveling ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; UPPER-MANTLE; GEODETIC OBSERVATIONS; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; 1992 LANDERS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY AB We have modeled the broad postseismic uplift measured by geodetic leveling in the epicentral area of the 1959 M-w = 7.3 Hebgen Lake, Montana earthquake, a normal faulting event in the northern Basin and Range province. To fit the observed uplift we calculate synthetic postseismic deformation using the relaxation response of a gravitational viscoelastic Earth to the earthquake. For a model with an elastic plate overlying a viscoelastic half-space, we find that the elastic thickness is 38 +/- 8 km, which isclose to the local crustal thickness. The half-space viscosity is estimated at 4 x 10(18+/-0.5) Pa s. The leveling data do not require a viscous lower crust but permit a lower bound viscosity of 10(20) Pa s. The observed broad uplift cannot be explained by physically plausible afterslip on and below the coseismic fault. However, local deformation across the coseismic surface rupture requires shallow afterslip reaching the surface. The postseismic deformation induced by the estimated viscoelastic structure decays exponentially with a time constant of similar to15 years. Because of coupling between the elastic layer and the viscoelastic substrate, this relaxation time is significantly longer than the 2 year Maxwell relaxation time of the viscous half-space itself. Our result suggests the importance of postseismic relaxation in interpreting high-precision global positioning system velocities. For example, our model results suggest that postseismic transient velocities from both the 1959 Hebgen Lake and the 1983 M-w = 6.9 Borah Peak earthquakes are currently as large as 1-2 mm/yr. C1 Geol Survey Inst, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nishimura, T (reprint author), Geol Survey Inst, Geog & Crustal Dynam Res Ctr, Kitasato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050811, Japan. EM t_nisimura@gsi.go.jp; thatcher@usgs.gov RI Nishimura, Takuya/G-2789-2013 NR 34 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B8 AR 2389 DI 10.1029/2002JB002191 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 715XX UT WOS:000185000700002 ER PT J AU Russell, WH McBride, JR AF Russell, WH McBride, JR TI Landscape scale vegetation-type conversion and fire hazard in the San Francisco bay area open spaces SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE succession; vegetation change; fire intensity; urban-wildland interface ID GRASSLAND AB Successional pressures resulting from fire suppression and reduced grazing have resulted in vegetation-type conversion in the open spaces surrounding the urbanized areas of the San Francisco bay area. Coverage of various vegetation types were sampled on seven sites using a chronosequence of remote images in order to measure change over time. Results suggest a significant conversion of grassland to shrubland dominated by Baccharis pilularison five of the seven sites sampled. An increase in Pseudotsuga menziesii coverage was also measured on the sites where it was present. Increases fuel and fire hazard were determined through field sampling and use of the FARSITE fire area simulator. A significant increase in biomass resulting from succession of grass-dominated to shrub-dominated communities was evident. In addition, results from the FARSITE simulations indicated significantly higher fire-line intensity, and flame length associated with shrublands over all other vegetation types sampled. These results indicate that the replacement of grass dominated with shrub-dominated landscapes has increased the probability of high intensity fires. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USGS, BRD Western Ecol Res Ctr, Golden Gate Field Stn, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Forest Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russell, WH (reprint author), USGS, BRD Western Ecol Res Ctr, Golden Gate Field Stn, Ft Cronkhite,Bldg 1063, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD AUG 15 PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 201 EP 208 AR PII S0169-2046(02)00233-5 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00233-5 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 700LN UT WOS:000184113600002 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Wdowinski, S Hall, JK AF Matmon, A Wdowinski, S Hall, JK TI Morphological and structural relations in the Galilee extensional domain, northern Israel SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tilted blocks; normal faults; Galilee; rift margins; extension ID DEAD-SEA TRANSFORM; BLOCK ROTATION; RIFT SYSTEM; EAST-AFRICA; REGION; UPLIFT; BASIN; MESOSTRUCTURES; TOPOGRAPHY; FRAMEWORK AB The Lower Galilee and the Yizre'el Valley, northern Israel, are an extensional domain that has been developing since the Miocene, prior and contemporaneously to the development of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF). It is a fan-shaped region bounded in the east by the N-S trending main trace of the DSF, in the north by the Bet-Kerem Fault system, and in the south by the NW-SE trending Carmel Fault. The study area is characterized by high relief topography that follows fault-bounded blocks and flexures at a wavelength of tens of km. A synthesis of the morphologic-structural relations across the entire Galilee region suggests the following characteristics: (1) Blocks within the Lower Galilee tilt toward both the southern and northern boundaries, forming two asymmetrical half-graben structures, opposite facing, and oblique to one another. (2) The Lower Galilee's neighboring blocks, which are the Upper Galilee in the north and the Carmel block in the southwest, are topographically and structurally uplifted and tilted away from the Lower Galilee. (3) The southern half-graben, along the Carmel Fault, is topographically and structurally lower than the northern one. Combining structural and geological data with topographic analysis enables us to distinguish several stages of structural and morphological development in the region. Using a semi-quantitative evolutionary model, we explain the morpho-structural evolution of the region. Our results indicate that the Galilee developed as a set of two isostatically supported opposite facing half-grabens under varying stress fields. The southern one had started developing as early as the early Miocene prior to the formation of the DSF. The northern and younger one has been developing since the middle Pliocene as part of the extension process in the Galilee. Elevation differences between the two half-grabens and their bounding blocks are explained by differences in isostatic subsidence due to sedimentary loading and uplift of the northern half-graben due to differential influences of the regional folding. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Geol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM amatmon@usgs.gov RI Wdowinski, Shimon/A-4118-2008 NR 77 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 EI 1879-3266 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD AUG 14 PY 2003 VL 371 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 241 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00237-3 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 713KA UT WOS:000184855600011 ER PT J AU Roads, J Lawford, R Bainto, E Berbery, E Chen, S Fekete, B Gallo, K Grundstein, A Higgins, W Kanamitsu, M Krajewski, W Lakshmi, V Leathers, D Lettenmaier, D Luo, L Maurer, E Meyers, T Miller, D Mitchell, K Mote, T Pinker, R Reichler, T Robinson, D Robock, A Smith, J Srinivasan, G Verdin, K Vinnikov, K Haar, TV Vorosmarty, C Williams, S Yarosh, E AF Roads, J Lawford, R Bainto, E Berbery, E Chen, S Fekete, B Gallo, K Grundstein, A Higgins, W Kanamitsu, M Krajewski, W Lakshmi, V Leathers, D Lettenmaier, D Luo, L Maurer, E Meyers, T Miller, D Mitchell, K Mote, T Pinker, R Reichler, T Robinson, D Robock, A Smith, J Srinivasan, G Verdin, K Vinnikov, K Haar, TV Vorosmarty, C Williams, S Yarosh, E TI GCIP water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE hydrologic cycle; water cycle; water and energy budgets; regional models; land surface models ID SOIL-MOISTURE SIMULATIONS; REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; RANGE FORECAST MODEL; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; SEA EXPERIMENT BALTEX; LAND-SURFACE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH-AMERICA; ETA-MODEL AB As part of the World Climate Research Program's (WCRPs) Global Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), a preliminary water and energy budget synthesis (WEBS) was developed for the period 1996-1999 from the "best available'' observations and models. Besides this summary paper, a companion CD-ROM with more extensive discussion, figures, tables, and raw data is available to the interested researcher from the GEWEX project office, the GAPP project office, or the first author. An updated online version of the CD-ROM is also available at http://ecpc.ucsd.edu/gcip/webs.htm/. Observations cannot adequately characterize or "close'' budgets since too many fundamental processes are missing. Models that properly represent the many complicated atmospheric and near-surface interactions are also required. This preliminary synthesis therefore included a representative global general circulation model, regional climate model, and a macroscale hydrologic model as well as a global reanalysis and a regional analysis. By the qualitative agreement among the models and available observations, it did appear that we now qualitatively understand water and energy budgets of the Mississippi River Basin. However, there is still much quantitative uncertainty. In that regard, there did appear to be a clear advantage to using a regional analysis over a global analysis or a regional simulation over a global simulation to describe the Mississippi River Basin water and energy budgets. There also appeared to be some advantage to using a macroscale hydrologic model for at least the surface water budgets. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Global Programs, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NOAA, Ctr Sci, Environm Modeling Ctr Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Newark, DE USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Penn State Univ, Inst Environm, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Dept Sci & Technol, Earth Syst Sci Div, New Delhi, India. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Roads, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 441 Nierenberg Hall,8605 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jroads@ucsd.edu RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009; Luo, Lifeng/C-8734-2009; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Leathers, Daniel/A-3665-2010; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010; Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345; NR 108 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D16 AR 8609 DI 10.1029/2002JD002583 PG 39 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713QA UT WOS:000184868400001 ER PT J AU Nanayama, F Satake, K Furukawa, R Shimokawa, K Atwater, BF Shigeno, K Yamaki, S AF Nanayama, F Satake, K Furukawa, R Shimokawa, K Atwater, BF Shigeno, K Yamaki, S TI Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUBDUCTION ZONE; JAPAN; RECURRENCE; HOKKAIDO; KAMCHATKA AB The Pacific plate converges with northeastern Eurasia at a rate of 8-9 m per century along the Kamchatka, Kuril and Japan trenches(1). Along the southern Kuril trench, which faces the Japanese island of Hokkaido, this fast subduction has recurrently generated earthquakes with magnitudes of up to similar to8 over the past two centuries(2-6). These historical events, on rupture segments 100-200 km long, have been considered characteristic of Hokkaido's plate-boundary earthquakes(7,8). But here we use deposits of prehistoric tsunamis to infer the infrequent occurrence of larger earthquakes generated from longer ruptures. Many of these tsunami deposits form sheets of sand that extend kilometres inland from the deposits of historical tsunamis. Stratigraphic series of extensive sand sheets, intercalated with dated volcanic-ash layers, show that such unusually large tsunamis occurred about every 500 years on average over the past 2,000-7,000 years, most recently similar to350 years ago. Numerical simulations of these tsunamis are best explained by earthquakes that individually rupture multiple segments along the southern Kuril trench. We infer that such multi-segment earthquakes persistently recur among a larger number of single-segment events. C1 Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Meiji Consultant Co Ltd, Chuo Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0640807, Japan. Seamus Ltd, Niigata 9503304, Japan. RP Satake, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RI Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011 OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085 NR 30 TC 186 Z9 200 U1 3 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 7 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6949 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1038/nature01864 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 708QE UT WOS:000184578800041 PM 12904789 ER PT J AU White, WB Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR AF White, WB Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR TI Sources of global warming of the upper ocean on decadal period scales SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CHANGING SOLAR IRRADIANCE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC BASIN; VARIABILITY; PRESSURE; SIGNALS; CYCLE AB [1] Recent studies find global climate variability in the upper ocean and lower atmosphere during the twentieth century dominated by quasi-biennial, interannual, quasi-decadal and interdecadal signals. The quasi-decadal signal in upper ocean temperature undergoes global warming/cooling of - 0.1degreesC, similar to that occurring with the interannual signal (i. e., El Nino-Southern Oscillation), both signals dominated by global warming/cooling in the tropics. From the National Centers for Environmental Prediction troposphere reanalysis and Scripps Institution of Oceanography upper ocean temperature reanalysis we examine the quasi-decadal global tropical diabatic heat storage (DHS) budget from 1975 to 2000. We find the anomalous DHS warming tendency of 0.3-0.9 W m(-2) driven principally by a downward global tropical latent-plus-sensible heat flux anomaly into the ocean, overwhelming the tendency by weaker upward shortwave-minus-longwave heat flux anomaly to drive an anomalous DHS cooling tendency. During the peak quasidecadal warming the estimated dissipation of DHS anomaly of 0.2-0.5 W m(-2) into the deep ocean and a similar loss to the overlying atmosphere through air-sea heat flux anomaly are balanced by a decrease in the net poleward Ekman heat advection out of the tropics of 0.4-0.7 W m(-2). This scenario is nearly the opposite of that accounting for global tropical warming during the El Nino. These diagnostics confirm that even though the global quasi-decadal signal is phase-locked to the 11-year signal in the Sun's surface radiative forcing of -0.1 W m(-2), the anomalous global tropical DHS tendency cannot be driven by it directly. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wbwhite@ucsd.edu NR 31 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 108 IS C8 AR 3248 DI 10.1029/2002JC001396 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 712YA UT WOS:000184826100002 ER PT J AU Battaglia, J Aki, K AF Battaglia, J Aki, K TI Location of seismic events and eruptive fissures on the Piton de la Fournaise volcano using seismic amplitudes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE volcano seismology; tremor; location; eruptions; Piton de la Fournaise ID MOUNT ST-HELENS; KILAUEA VOLCANO; REUNION-ISLAND; INDIAN-OCEAN; WAVE-FIELDS; CODA WAVES; MT-ETNA; TREMOR; HAWAII; ARRAY AB We present a method for locating the source of seismic events on Piton de la Fournaise. The method is based on seismic amplitudes corrected for station site effects using coda site amplification factors. Once corrected, the spatial distribution of amplitudes shows smooth and simple contours for many types of events, including rockfalls, long-period events and eruption tremor. On the basis of the simplicity of these distributions we develop inversion methods for locating their origins. To achieve this, the decrease of the amplitude as a function of the distance to the source is approximated by the decay either of surface or body waves in a homogeneous medium. The method is effective for locating rockfalls, long-period events, and eruption tremor sources. The sources of eruption tremor are usually found to be located at shallow depth and close to the eruptive fissures. Because of this, our method is a useful tool for locating fissures at the beginning of eruptions. C1 Observ Volcanol Piton Fournaise, F-97148 La Plaine Cafres, France. Ctr Study Act Volcanoes, Hilo, HI USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI USA. RP Battaglia, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM battag@geology.wisc.edu; aki@ipgp.jussieu.fr NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 5 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B8 AR 2364 DI 10.1029/2002JB002193 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 712YG UT WOS:000184826700002 ER PT J AU Singer, FJ Schoenecker, KA AF Singer, FJ Schoenecker, KA TI Do ungulates accelerate or decelerate nitrogen cycling? SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Dynamics and Ungulatge Herbivory CY OCT 03-06, 2001 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND DE Bison bison; Cervus elaphus; elk; mineralization; nitrogen; Rocky Mountain National Park; ungulate herbivory; Yellowstone National Park ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN WINTER RANGE; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; SOIL-NITROGEN; GRAZING ECOSYSTEMS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SPECIES DENSITY AB Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, and N may be limiting in many western US grassland and shrubland ungulate winter ranges. Ungulates may influence N pools and they may alter N inputs and outputs (losses) to the ecosystem in a number of ways. In this paper we compare the ecosystem effects of ungulate herbivory in two western national parks, Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado, and Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. We compare ungulate herbivory effects on N pools, N fluxes, N yields, and plant productivity in the context of the accelerating and decelerating nutrient cycling scenarios [Ecology 79 (1998) 165]. We concluded that the YNP grasslands fit the accelerating nutrient cycling scenario for ungulate herbivory: in response to grazing, grassland plant species abundance was largely unaltered, net annual aboveground primary productivity (NAPP) was stimulated (except during drought), consumption of key N-rich forages by ungulates was moderate and their abundance was sustained, soil N mineralization rates doubled, N pools increased, aboveground N yield increased, and N concentrations increased in most grassland plant species. Grazing in grasslands in RMNP resulted in no consistent detectable acceleration or deceleration of nutrient cycling. Grazing effects in short willow and aspen vegetation types in RMNP fit the decelerating nutrient cycling scenario of Ritchie et al. [Ecology 79 (1998) 165]. Key N-rich forages declined due to herbivory (willows, aspen, herbaceous vegetation). Aboveground production declined, soil N mineralization rates declined, N pools declined (NO3- pools were 30% that of ungrazed controls), and aboveground N yield declined. We believe that the higher ungulate densities and rates of plant consumption in RMNP, large declines in N-rich forage plants, and possibly a tendency of ungulates to move N from willow and aspen vegetation types to other types in RMNP, contributed to deceleration of nutrient cycling in two vegetation types in RMNP compared to acceleration in grasslands in YNP. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singer, FJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 93 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 3 PY 2003 VL 181 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00133-6 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 709PW UT WOS:000184634400016 ER PT J AU Choisy, M Brown, SP Lafferty, KD Thomas, F AF Choisy, M Brown, SP Lafferty, KD Thomas, F TI Evolution of trophic transmission in parasites: Why add intermediate hosts? SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE complex life cycle; dispersal; life-history strategy; parasites; predation; trophic transmission ID VIRULENCE; SUPERINFECTION AB Although multihost complex life cycles (CLCs) are common in several distantly related groups of parasites, their evolution remains poorly understood. In this article, we argue that under particular circumstances, adding a second host to a single-host life cycle is likely to enhance transmission (i.e., reaching the target host). For instance, in several situations, the propagules of a parasite exploiting a predator species will achieve a higher host-finding success by encysting in a prey of the target predator than by other dispersal modes. In such a case, selection should favor the transition from a single-to a two-host life cycle that includes the prey species as an intermediate host. We use an optimality model to explore this idea, and we discuss it in relation to dispersal strategies known among free-living species, especially animal dispersal. The model found that selection favored a complex life cycle only if intermediate hosts were more abundant than definitive hosts. The selective value of a complex life cycle increased with predation rates by definitive hosts on intermediate hosts. In exploring trade-offs between transmission strategies, we found that more costly trade-offs made it more difficult to evolve a CLC while less costly trade-offs between traits could favor a mixed strategy. C1 CNRS, Inst Rech Dev, Ctr IRD, UMR,Ctr Etud Polymorphisme Microorganismes, F-34394 Montpellier, France. Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Thomas, F (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Rech Dev, Ctr IRD, UMR,Ctr Etud Polymorphisme Microorganismes, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier, France. RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009; Brown, Sam/B-5234-2009; Choisy, Marc/J-7131-2016 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593; Brown, Sam/0000-0003-1892-9275; Choisy, Marc/0000-0002-5187-6390 NR 30 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 39 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 162 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1086/375681 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 706GT UT WOS:000184446500004 PM 12858262 ER PT J AU Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Watts, HE Szykman, M Holekamp, KE AF Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Watts, HE Szykman, M Holekamp, KE TI Altered behaviour in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID HYAENAS CROCUTA-CROCUTA; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; COMMUTING SYSTEM; MIGRATORY PREY; PREDATOR COPES; PROTECTED AREAS; MARA ECOSYSTEM; LAND-COVER; HOME-RANGE AB To investigate how anthropogenic activity might affect large carnivores, We studied the behaviour Of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) during two time periods. From 1996 to 1998, we documented the ecological correlates of space utilization patterns exhibited by adult female hyenas defending a territory at the edge of a wildlife reserve in Kenya. Hyenas preferred areas near dense vegetation but appeared to avoid areas containing the greatest abundance of prey, perhaps because these were also the areas of most intensive livestock grazing. We then compared hyena behaviour observed in 1996-98 with that observed several years earlier and found many differences. Female hyenas in 1996-98 were found farther from dens, but closer to dense vegetation and to the edges of their territory, than in 1988-90. Recent females also had larger home ranges, travelled farther between consecutive sightings, and were more nocturnal than in 1988-90. Finally, hyenas occurred in smaller groups in 1996-98 than in 1988-90. We also found several changes in hyena demography between periods. We next attempted to explain differences observed between time periods by testing predictions of hypotheses invoking prey abundance, climate, interactions with lions, tourism and livestock grazing. Our data were consistent with the hypothesis that increased reliance on the reserve for livestock grazing was responsible for observed changes. That behavioural changes were not associated with decreased hyena population density suggests the behavioural plasticity typical of this species may protect it from extinction. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Boydston, EE (reprint author), USGS, W Ecol Res Ctr, Golden Gate Field Stn,Ft Cronkhite,Bldg 1063, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM cboydston@usgs.gov RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010; OI Szykman Gunther, Micaela/0000-0002-7822-8094 NR 57 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 6 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1017/S1367943003003263 PN 3 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 720AG UT WOS:000185237700003 ER PT J AU Byappanahalli, M Fowler, M Shively, D Whitman, R AF Byappanahalli, M Fowler, M Shively, D Whitman, R TI Ubiquity and persistence of Escherichia coli in a Midwestern coastal stream SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFINED SUBSTRATE TECHNOLOGY; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; TOTAL COLIFORMS; SOIL BACTERIA; WATER; ENTEROCOCCI; ENUMERATION AB Dunes Creek, a small Lake Michigan coastal stream that drains sandy aquifers and wetlands of Indiana Dunes, has chronically elevated Escherichia coli levels along the bathing beach near its outfall. This study sought to understand the sources of E. coli in Dunes Creek's central branch. A systematic survey of random and fixed sampling points of water and sediment was conducted over 3 years. E. coli concentrations in Dunes Creek and beach water were significantly correlated. Weekly monitoring at 14 stations during 1999 and 2000 indicated chronic loading of E. coli throughout the stream. Significant correlations between E. coli numbers in stream water and stream sediment, submerged sediment and margin, and margin and 1 m from shore were found. Median E. coli counts were highest in stream sediments, followed by bank sediments, sediments along spring margins, stream water, and isolated pools; in forest soils, E. coli counts were more variable and relatively lower. Sediment moisture was significantly correlated with E. coli counts. Direct fecal input inadequately explains the widespread and consistent occurrence of E. coli in the Dunes Creek watershed; long-term survival or multiplication or both seem likely. The authors conclude that (i) E. coli is ubiquitous and persistent throughout the Dunes Creek basin, (ii) E. coli occurrence and distribution in riparian sediments help account for the continuous loading of the bacteria in Dunes Creek, and (iii) ditching of the stream, increased drainage, and subsequent loss of wetlands may account for the chronically high E. coli levels observed. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Whitman, R (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; OI Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 31 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4549 EP 4555 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4549-4555.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500028 PM 12902241 ER PT J AU Whitman, RL Shively, DA Pawlik, H Nevers, MB Byappanahalli, MN AF Whitman, RL Shively, DA Pawlik, H Nevers, MB Byappanahalli, MN TI Occurrence of Escherichia coli and enterococci in Cladophora (Chlorophyta) in nearshore water and beach sand of Lake Michigan SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; INDICATOR BACTERIA; GREEN-ALGA; SOIL; COMMUNITIES; GLOMERATA; SURVIVAL; STREAMS; QUALITY; PLANTS AB Each summer, the nuisance green alga Cladophora (mostly Cladophora glomerata) amasses along Lake Michigan beaches, creating nearshore anoxia and unsightly, malodorous mats that can attract problem animals and detract from visitor enjoyment. Traditionally, elevated counts of Escherichia coli are presumed to indicate the presence of sewage, mostly derived from nearby point sources. The relationship between fecal indicator bacteria and Cladophora remains essentially unstudied. This investigation describes the local and regional density of Escherichia coli and enterococci in Cladophora mats along beaches in the four states (Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan) bordering Lake Michigan. Samples of Cladophora strands collected from 10 beaches (n = 41) were assayed for concentrations of E. coli and enterococci during the summer of 2002. Both E. coli and enterococci were ubiquitous (up to 97% occurrence), with overall log mean densities (+/- standard errors) of 5.3 (+/- 4.8) and 4.8 (+/- 4.5) per g (dry weight). E. coli and enterococci were strongly correlated in southern Lake Michigan beaches (P < 0.001, R-2 = 0.73, n = 17) but not in northern beaches (P = 0.892, n = 16). Both E. coli and enterococci survived for over 6 months in sun-dried Cladophora mats stored at 4C; the residual bacteria in the dried alga readily grew upon rehydration. These findings suggest that Cladophora amassing along the beaches of Lake Michigan may be an important environmental source of indicator bacteria and call into question the reliability of E. coli and enterococci as indicators of water quality for freshwater recreational beaches. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, Porter, IN 46304 USA. RP Byappanahalli, MN (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Michigan Ecol Res Stn, 1100 N Mineral Springs Rd, Porter, IN 46304 USA. OI Nevers, Meredith/0000-0001-6963-6734; Shively, Dawn/0000-0002-6119-924X NR 35 TC 167 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4714 EP 4719 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4714-4719.2003 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 710GM UT WOS:000184672500049 PM 12902262 ER PT J AU Brown, JG Glynn, PD AF Brown, JG Glynn, PD TI Kinetic dissolution of carbonates and Mn oxides in acidic water: measurement of in situ field rates and reactive transport modeling SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; METAL CONTAMINANTS; SIMULATION; ALLUVIUM; ARIZONA; SYSTEMS; ATM AB The kinetics of carbonate and Mn oxide dissolution under acidic conditions were examined through the in situ exposure of pure phase samples to acidic ground water in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona. The average long-term calculated in situ dissolution rates for calcite and dolomite were 1.65x10(-7) and 3.64x10(-10) mmol/(cm(2) s), respectively, which were about 3 orders of magnitude slower than rates derived in laboratory experiments by other investigators. Application of both in situ and lab-derived calcite and dolomite dissolution rates to equilibrium reactive transport simulations of a column experiment did not improve the fit to measured outflow chemistry: at the spatial and temporal scales of the column experiment, the use of an equilibrium model adequately simulated carbonate dissolution in the column. Pyrolusite (MnO2) exposed to acidic ground water for 595 days increased slightly in weight despite thermodynamic conditions that favored dissolution. This result might be related to a recent finding by another investigator that the reductive dissolution of pyrolusite is accompanied by the precipitation of a mixed Mn-Fe oxide species. In PHREEQC reactive transport simulations, the incorporation of Mn kinetics improved the fit between observed and simulated behavior at the column and field scales, although the column-fitted rate for Mn-oxide dissolution was about 4 orders of magnitude greater than the field-fitted rate. Remaining differences between observed and simulated contaminant transport trends at the Pinal Creek site were likely related to factors other than the Mn oxide dissolution rate, such as the concentration of Fe oxide surface sites available for adsorption, the effects of competition among dissolved species for available surface sites, or reactions not included in the model. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Brown, JG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00010-6 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 697WJ UT WOS:000183966000008 ER PT J AU Shinn, EA Griffin, DW Seba, DB AF Shinn, EA Griffin, DW Seba, DB TI Atmospheric transport of mold spores in clouds of desert dust SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE African dust; arsenic; asthma; fungal spores; health effects; mold; public health ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; AFRICAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; CORAL-REEFS; EL-NINO; AIR; ASTHMA; DROUGHT; IMPACT AB Fungal spores can be transported globally in clouds of desert dust. Many species of fungi (commonly known as molds) and bacteria-including some that are human pathogens-have characteristics suited to long-range atmospheric transport. Dust from the African desert can affect air quality in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas. Asian desert dust can affect air quality in Asia, the Arctic, North America, and Europe. Atmospheric exposure to mold-carrying desert dust may affect human health directly through allergic induction of respiratory stress. In addition, mold spores within these dust clouds may seed downwind ecosystems in both outdoor and indoor environments. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Acad Marine Sci, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Shinn, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM eshinn@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 11 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD AUG PY 2003 VL 58 IS 8 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 833FT UT WOS:000222322600006 PM 15259429 ER PT J AU Strayer, DL Power, ME Fagan, WF Pickett, STA Belnap, J AF Strayer, DL Power, ME Fagan, WF Pickett, STA Belnap, J TI A classification of ecological boundaries SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boundaries; edges; ecotones; landscape ecology; patches ID TERRESTRIAL FOOD WEBS; HABITAT EDGES; FOREST EDGES; LANDSCAPES; RESPONSES; ISLANDS; CATFISH; MARINE; BIRDS AB Ecologists use the term boundary to refer to a wide range of real and conceptual structures. Because imprecise terminology may impede the search for general patterns and theories about ecological boundaries, we present a classification of the attributes of ecological boundaries to aid in communication and theory development. Ecological boundaries may differ in their origin and maintenance, their spatial structure, their function, and their temporal dynamics. A classification system based on these attributes should help ecologists determine whether boundaries are truly comparable. This system can be applied when comparing empirical studies, comparing theories, and testing theoretical predictions against empirical results. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Moah, UT 84532 USA. RP Strayer, DL (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RI Strayer, David/H-3788-2011 NR 48 TC 144 Z9 160 U1 6 U2 64 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2003 VL 53 IS 8 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0723:ACOEB]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 711KM UT WOS:000184739600007 ER PT J AU Belnap, J Hawkes, CV Firestone, MK AF Belnap, J Hawkes, CV Firestone, MK TI Boundaries in miniature: Two examples from soil SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological soil crusts; rhizosphere; nutrient cycles; nitrogen; carbon ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; ECOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES; ROOT EXUDATION; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; AVAILABILITY; SEEDLINGS; CRUSTS; CARBON; DENITRIFICATION AB Transitions between atmosphere and soil, and between soil and roots, are two examples of small-scale boundaries across which the nutrient, water, and gas dynamics of ecosystems are modulated. Most atmospheric inputs to ecosystems have to pass through the soil, thus, the atmosphere-soil boundary influences the type and amount of materials and energy entering the soil. Below ground plant inputs occur through the rhizosphere, the zone of soil immediately adjacent to the root. This soil boundary layer affects root inputs to soil and root extraction of water and nutrients from soil. We discuss how water, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen dynamics are affected by atmosphere-soil and soil-root boundaries and how light, soil pH, and dust are affected by the atmosphere-soil boundary. (We also examine pH with regard to the root-soil boundary, but not in a separate section.) We examine the linkages between these small-scale boundaries and landscape ecology and discuss how the understanding of small-scale boundaries can contribute to the emerging field of boundary theory. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moah, UT 84532 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Studies Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Belnap, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Danyonlands Field Stn,2290 S Resource Blvd, Moah, UT 84532 USA. EM jayne_belnap@usgs.gov NR 49 TC 59 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2003 VL 53 IS 8 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0739:BIMTEF]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 711KM UT WOS:000184739600009 ER PT J AU Freilich, JE Emlen, JM Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Cafaro, PJ AF Freilich, JE Emlen, JM Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Cafaro, PJ TI Ecological effects of ranching: A six-point critique SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; grazing; ranching; range management ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; LIVESTOCK INFLUENCES; RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; PLANT DIVERSITY; SMALL MAMMALS; BIODIVERSITY; HABITAT AB Ranching is the dominant land use in much of the American West. Although a copious literature has examined the effects of various grazing practices on native ecosystems, we present here the idea that ranching has important impacts on the land independent of those caused by grazing itself. If biological conservation is to be successful on the western grasslands and shrublands, ranchers must be central to any plan. Focusing on the Great Plains of the United States, and on Wyoming in particular, we raise six points of concern that must be addressed before we can hope to restore or maintain native ecosystems on the range. C1 Wyoming Outdoor Council, Lander, WY 82520 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Freilich, JE (reprint author), Wyoming Outdoor Council, Lander, WY 82520 USA. RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 82 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2003 VL 53 IS 8 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0759:EEORAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 711KM UT WOS:000184739600011 ER PT J AU Fukuyama, E Ellsworth, WL Waldhauser, F Kubo, A AF Fukuyama, E Ellsworth, WL Waldhauser, F Kubo, A TI Detailed fault structure of the 2000 western Tottori, Japan, earthquake sequence SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRESS; SLIP AB We investigate the faulting process of the aftershock region of the 2000 western Tottori earthquake (M-W 6.6) by combining aftershock hypocenters and moment tensor solutions. Aftershock locations were precisely determined by the double difference method using P- and S-phase arrival data of the Japan Meteorological Agency unified catalog. By combining the relocated hypocenters and moment tensor solutions of aftershocks by broadband waveform inversion of FREESIA (F-net), we successfully resolved very detailed fault structures activated by the mainshock. The estimated fault model resolves 15 individual fault segments that are consistent with both aftershock distribution and focal mechanism solutions. Rupture in the mainshock was principally confined to the three fault elements in the southern half of the zone, which is also where the earliest aftershocks concentrate. With time, the northern part of the zone becomes activated, which is also reflected in the postseismic deformation field. From the stress tensor analysis of aftershock focal mechanisms, we found a rather uniform stress field in the aftershock region, although fault strikes were scattered. The maximum stress direction is N107degreesE, which is consistent with the tectonic stress field in this region. In the northern part of the fault, where no slip occurred during the mainshock but postseismic slip was observed, the maximum stress direction of N130degreesE was possible as an alternative solution of stress tensor inversion. C1 Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Fukuyama, E (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Earth Sci & Disaster Prevent, 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050006, Japan. NR 22 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1478 DI 10.1785/0120020123 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 721NP UT WOS:000185322700006 ER PT J AU Atkinson, GM Boore, DM AF Atkinson, GM Boore, DM TI Empirical ground-motion relations for subduction-zone earthquakes and their application to Cascadia and other regions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION; CALIFORNIA AB Ground-motion relations for earthquakes that occur in subduction zones are an important input to seismic-hazard analyses in many parts of the world. In the Cascadia region (Washington, Oregon, northern California, and British Columbia), for example, there is a significant hazard from megathrust earthquakes along the subduction interface and from large events within the subducting slab. These hazards are in addition to the hazard from shallow earthquakes in the overlying crust. We have compiled a response spectra database from thousands of strong-motion recordings from events of moment magnitude (M) 5-8.3 occurring in subduction zones around the world, including both interface and in-slab events. The 2001 M 6.8 Nisqually and 1999 M 5.9 Satsop earthquakes are included in the database, as are many records from subduction zones in Japan (Kyoshin-Net data), Mexico (Guerrero data), and Central America. The size of the database is four times larger than that available for previous empirical regressions to determine ground-motion relations for subduction-zone earthquakes. The large dataset enables improved determination of attenuation parameters and magnitude scaling, for both interface and in-slab events. Soil response parameters are also better determined by the data. We use the database to develop global ground-motion relations for interface and in-slab earthquakes, using a maximum likelihood regression method. We analyze regional variability of ground-motion amplitudes across the global database and find that there are significant regional differences. In particular, amplitudes in Cascadia differ by more than a factor of 2 from those in Japan for the same magnitude, distance, event type, and National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) soil class. This is believed to be due to regional differences in the depth of the soil profile, which are not captured by the NEHRP site classification scheme. Regional correction factors to account for these differences are proposed for Cascadia and Japan. The results of this study differ significantly from previous analyses based on more limited data and have important implications for seismic-hazard analysis. The ground-motion relations predict that a great megathrust earthquake (M greater than or equal to8) at a fault distance of about 100 km would produce pseudoacceleration (PSA), 5% damped, horizontal component on soil sites of about 110 cm/sec(2) at 0.5 Hz, 660 cm/sec(2) at 2.5 Hz, and 410 cm/sec(2) at 5 Hz, with a peak ground acceleration of about 180 cm/sec(2). These damaging levels of motion would be experienced over a very large area, corresponding to a rectangular area about 300 km wide by 500 km long. Large in-slab events (M 7.5) would produce even higher PSA values within 100 km of the fault, but the in-slab motions attenuate much more rapidly with distance. Thus the hazard posed by moderate to large in-slab events such as the 2001 Nisqually earthquake is modest compared to that of a Cascadia megathrust earthquake of M greater than or equal to8, in terms of the area that would experience damaging levels of ground motion. C1 Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Atkinson, GM (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 28 TC 198 Z9 203 U1 1 U2 12 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1703 EP 1729 DI 10.1785/0120020156 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 721NP UT WOS:000185322700021 ER PT J AU Stanchits, SA Lockner, DA Ponomarev, AV AF Stanchits, SA Lockner, DA Ponomarev, AV TI Anisotropic changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during deformation and fluid infiltration of granite SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WESTERLY GRANITE; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION; EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; CONFINING PRESSURE; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; CRYSTALLINE ROCKS; STRESS; FRACTURE; DILATANCY AB Fluid infiltration and pore fluid pressure changes are known to have a significant effect on the occurrence of earthquakes. Yet, for most damaging earthquakes, with nucleation zones below a few kilometers depth, direct measurements of fluid pressure variations are not available. Instead, pore fluid pressures are inferred primarily from seismic-wave propagation characteristics such as V-p/V-s ratio, attenuation, and reflectivity contacts. We present laboratory measurements of changes in P-wave velocity and attenuation during the injection of water into a granite sample as it was loaded to failure. A cylindrical sample of Westerly granite was deformed at constant confining and pore pressures of 50 and 1 MPa, respectively. Axial load was increased in discrete steps by controlling axial displacement. Anisotropic P-wave velocity and attenuation fields were determined during the experiment using an array of 13 piezoelectric transducers. At the final loading steps (86% and 95% of peak stress), both spatial and temporal changes in P-wave velocity and peak-to-peak amplitudes of P and S waves were observed. P-wave velocity anisotropy reached a maximum of 26%. Transient increases in attenuation of up to 483 dB/m were also observed and were associated with diffusion of water into the sample. We show that velocity and attenuation of P waves are sensitive to the process of opening of microcracks and the subsequent resaturation of these cracks as water diffuses in from the surrounding region. Symmetry of the orientation of newly formed microcracks results in anisotropic velocity and attenuation fields that systematically evolve in response to changes in stress and influx of water. With proper scaling, these measurements provide constraints on the magnitude and duration of velocity and attenuation transients that can be expected to accompany the nucleation of earthquakes in the Earth's crust. C1 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Earth, Moscow, Russia. RP Stanchits, SA (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg D423, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RI Ponomarev, Alexander/J-7767-2013 NR 63 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1803 EP 1822 DI 10.1785/0120020101 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 721NP UT WOS:000185322700027 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH AF Cramer, CH TI Site-specific seismic-hazard analysis that is completely probabilistic SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND MOTIONS; EARTHQUAKE AB When a site-specific probabilistic ground-motion estimate is required, the full site-amplification distribution should be used instead of a single deterministic median value. A probabilistic methodology using site-amplification distributions to modify rock ground-motion attenuation relations into site-specific relations prior to calculating seismic hazard has been developed and applied at two selected sites in the central United States: Memphis, Tennessee, and Paducah, Kentucky. The use of a completely probabilistic approach can make about a 10% difference in ground-motion estimates over simply multiplying a bedrock probabilistic ground motion by a median site-amplification factor at a 1 in 2475 annual probability of exceedance and even larger differences at smaller probabilites of exceedance. The value of this approach is that a probabilistic answer incorporating the uncertainty in our knowledge of site amplification of ground motions can be calculated. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 93 IS 4 BP 1841 EP 1846 DI 10.1785/0120020206 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 721NP UT WOS:000185322700031 ER PT J AU Caplan-Auerbach, J McNutt, SR AF Caplan-Auerbach, J McNutt, SR TI New insights into the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska, based on acoustic data SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STROMBOLIAN EXPLOSIONS; DEGASSING EXPLOSIONS; SOUND; KARYMSKY; TREMOR AB Data collected by a pressure sensor provide new insights into the 1999 eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Unimak Island, Alaska. On 19 April 1999, after 3 months of unrest and an extended period of low-level Strombolian activity, Shishaldin experienced a Subplinian eruption (ash plume to >16 km), followed by several episodes of strong Strombolian explosions. Acoustic data from the pressure sensor allow us to investigate the details of an eruption which was instrumentally well recorded, but with few visual observations. In the 12 h prior to the Subplinian phase, the pressure sensor detected a series of small, repeated pulses with a constant spectral peak at 2-3 Hz. The amplitude and occurrence rate of the pulses both grew such that the signal became a nearly continuous hum just before the Subplinian eruption. This humming signal may represent gas release from rising magma. The main Subplinian phase was heralded by (1) the abrupt end of the humming signal, (2) several pulses of low-frequency sound interpreted as ash bursts, and (3) a dramatic increase in seismic tremor amplitude. The change in acoustic signature at this time allows us to precisely time the start of the Subplinian eruption, previously approximated as the time of strongest tremor increase. The 50-min Subplinian phase actually contained several bursts of signal, each of which may represent a discrete volume of magma passing through the system. Following the Subplinian event, the pressure sensor recorded four discrete episodes of Strombolian gas explosions on 19-20 April and another on 22-23 April. Four of the five episodes were accompanied by strong seismic tremor; the fifth has not been previously recognized and was not associated with anomalous tremor amplitudes. In time series these events are similar to explosions recorded at other volcanoes but in general they are much larger, with maximum amplitudes of >65 Pa at 6.5 km from the vent, and they have low (0.7-1.5 Hz) peak frequencies. These large explosions occurred at rates of 3-20 per minute for 1-5 h in each episode. The explosions were accompanied by a small (<5 km above sea level) ash plume and only minor amounts of ejecta were produced. Thus, the explosion activity was dominated by gas release. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Caplan-Auerbach, J (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr,POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 65 IS 6 BP 405 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s00445-002-0267-5 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 713EM UT WOS:000184844000002 ER PT J AU Canil, D Schulze, DJ Hall, D Hearn, BC Milliken, SM AF Canil, D Schulze, DJ Hall, D Hearn, BC Milliken, SM TI Lithospheric roots beneath western Laurentia: the geochemical signal in mantle garnets SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ALBERTA BASEMENT TRANSECT; TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PERIDOTITE XENOLITHS; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; NORTH-AMERICA; SLAVE CRATON; METASOMATIC PROCESSES AB This study presents major and trace element data for 243 mantle garnet xenocrysts from six kimberlites in parts of western North America. The geochemical data for the garnet xenocrysts are used to infer the composition, thickness, and tectonothermal affinity of the mantle lithosphere beneath western Laurentia at the time of kimberlite eruption. The garnets record temperatures between 800 and 1450degreesC using Ni-in-garnet thermometry and represent mainly lherzolitic mantle lithosphere sampled over an interval from about 110-260 km depth. Garnets with sinuous rare-earth element patterns, high Sr, and high Sc/V occur mainly at shallow depths and occur almost exclusively in kimberlites interpreted to have sampled Archean mantle lithosphere beneath the Wyoming Province in Laurentia, and are notably absent in garnets from kimberlites erupting through the Proterozoic Yavapai Mazatzal and Trans-Hudson provinces. The similarities in depths of equilibration, but differing geochemical patterns in garnets from the Cross kimberlite (southeastern British Columbia) compared to kimberlites in the Wyoming Province argue for post-Archean replacement and (or) modification of mantle beneath the Archean Hearne Province. Convective removal of mantle lithosphere beneath the Archean Hearne Province in a "tectonic vise" during the Proterozoic terminal collisions that formed Laurentia either did not occur, or was followed by replacement of thick mantle lithosphere that was sampled by kimberlite in the Triassic, and is still observed there seismically today. C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. Univ New Brunswick, Electron Microscopy Unit, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Canil, D (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM dcanil@uvic.ca NR 88 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 EI 1480-3313 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1027 EP 1051 DI 10.1139/E03-003 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 721LX UT WOS:000185318800001 ER PT J AU Price, CS Schreck, CB AF Price, CS Schreck, CB TI Stress and saltwater-entry behavior of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): conflicts in physiological motivation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; CHAR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; YEARLING COHO SALMON; CORTISOL CONCENTRATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SEAWATER; SMOLTIFICATION; ADAPTATION; SURVIVAL; PLASMA AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a mild or severe stressor on the saltwater preference of juvenile spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). To observe the response of fish to an overhead threat, we presented stressed fish with an avian predator model in the second experiment. Experiments were conducted in 757-L tanks containing a stable vertical salinity gradient. Only 69% of fish stressed by being chased for 2 min before saltwater introduction (mild stressor) held in salt water, whereas 95% of unchased control fish preferred the saltwater layer. After the more severe handling and confinement stressor, only 20% of fish entered and remained in salt water compared with 100% of unstressed controls. After the presentation of the avian model, stressed fish holding in fresh water moved into the saltwater layer, but this behavioral response was transient. Fish began returning to fresh water within 10 min, and after 1 h, only 26% of stressed fish remained in the saltwater layer. Stress significantly decreases the saltwater preference of chinook salmon that would otherwise select full-strength salt water and may affect behavior in the estuary. Although smoltification primes these fish for seawater residence, stress apparently induced a conflicting physiological motivation. C1 Oregon State Univ, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Price, CS (reprint author), 132 Conch Ct, Emerald Isle, NC 28594 USA. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 60 IS 8 BP 910 EP 918 DI 10.1139/F03-080 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 739UW UT WOS:000186365700002 ER PT J AU Castro-Santos, T Haro, A AF Castro-Santos, T Haro, A TI Quantifying migratory delay: a new application of survival analysis methods SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; LOWER GRANITE DAM; AMERICAN SHAD; SNAKE RIVER; SALMON; WASHINGTON; ONTOGENY; SMOLTS AB Statistical techniques commonly used in fish passage research fail to adequately quantify delays incurred at obstacles, or the effects of modifications to those obstacles on passage rates. Analyses of telemetry data describing these effects can be misleading, particularly when passage route of some individuals is not established (e.g., because of mortality, tag failure, passage through unmonitored or alternate routes, etc.). Here, we demonstrate how event-time analysis, better known as survival analysis, can be used to quantify passage rates for any study that allows tracking of individuals through time, even when some individuals fail to pass the route or obstacle in question. We review two of the primary methods of event-time analysis (parametric and Cox's proportional hazards regression analyses) and use them in combination with logistic regression to provide unbiased estimates of delay incurred at a hydroelectric facility, as well as insights on factors affecting both rates of passage and route selection. Passage rate increased with increased depth of a surface bypass sluice gate and, among fish that passed through the turbines, with turbine flow. The data further indicate that risk of turbine passage increased with both delay and turbine flow. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Silvio O Conte Andromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Castro-Santos, T (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Silvio O Conte Andromous Fish Res Ctr, 1 Migratory Way,POB 796, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. OI Haro, Alexander/0000-0002-7188-9172; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 NR 38 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 48 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 60 IS 8 BP 986 EP 996 DI 10.1139/F03-086 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 739UW UT WOS:000186365700009 ER PT J AU May, CL Gresswell, RE AF May, CL Gresswell, RE TI Large wood recruitment and redistribution in headwater streams in the southern Oregon Coast Range, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Small Stream Channels and Their Riparian Zones CY FEB 19-21, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP British Columbia Minist Forests, British Columbia Minist Sustainable Resource Management, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Forest Renewal British Columbia, Univ British Columbia, US Forest Service ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANNEL NETWORKS; DEBRIS; WASHINGTON; RIPARIAN; RESTORATION; HABITATS; SEDIMENT; FORESTS AB Large wood recruitment and redistribution mechanisms were investigated in a 3.9 km(2) basin with an old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. forest, located in the southern Coast Range of Oregon. Stream size and topographic setting strongly influenced processes that delivered wood to the channel network. In small colluvial channels draining steep hillslopes, processes associated with slope instability dominated large wood recruitment. In the larger alluvial channel, windthrow was the dominant recruitment process from the local riparian area. Consequently, colluvial channels received wood from further upslope than the alluvial channel. Input and redistribution processes influenced piece location relative to the direction of flow and thus, affected the functional role of wood. Wood recruited directly from local hillslopes and riparian areas was typically positioned adjacent to the channel or spanned its full width, and trapped sediment and wood in transport. In contrast, wood that had been fluvially redistributed was commonly located in mid-channel positions and was associated with scouring of the streambed and banks. Debris flows were a unique mechanism for creating large accumulations of wood in small streams that lacked the capacity for abundant fluvial transport of wood, and for transporting wood that was longer than the bank-full width of the channel. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forage & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP May, CL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM clmay@fs.fed.us NR 40 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1352 EP 1362 DI 10.1139/X03-023 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 711RV UT WOS:000184755600002 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Furukawa, Y Daulton, TL Lavoie, D Newell, SW AF Kim, JW Furukawa, Y Daulton, TL Lavoie, D Newell, SW TI Characterization of microbially Fe(III)-reduced nontronite: Environmental cell-transmission electron microscopy study SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE EC-TEM; layer contraction; microbial Fe(III) reduction; nontronite; Shewanella oneidensis; XRD ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON OXIDATION-STATE; OCTAHEDRAL-IRON; STRUCTURAL IRON; NA-NONTRONITE; REDUCTION; SMECTITE; MINERALS; CLAY; EDGE AB Microstructural changes induced by the microbial reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite by Shewanella oneidensis were studied using environmental cell (EC)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), conventional TEM, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Direct observations of clays by EC-TEM in their hydrated state allowed for the first time an accurate and unambiguous TEM measurement of basal layer spacings and the contraction of layer spacing caused by microbial effects, most likely those of Fe(III) reduction. Non-reduced and Fe(III)-reduced nontronite, observed by EC-TEM, exhibited fringes with mean d(001) spacings of 1.50 nm (standard deviation, sigma=0.08 nm) and 1.26 nm (sigma=0.10 nm), respectively. In comparison, the same samples embedded with Nanoplast resin, sectioned by microtome, and observed using conventional TEM, displayed layer spacings of 1.0-1.1 nm (non-reduced) and 1.0 nm (reduced). The results from Nanoplast-embedded samples are typical of conventional TEM studies, which have measured nearly identical layer spacings regardless of Fe oxidation state. Following Fe(III) reduction, both EC- and conventional TEM showed an increase in the order of nontronite selected area electron diffraction patterns while the images exhibited fewer wavy fringes and fewer layer terminations. An increase in stacking order in reduced nontronite was also suggested by XRD measurements. In particular, the ratio of the valley to peak intensity (v/p) of the 1.7 nm basal 001 peak of ethylene glycolated nontronite was measured at 0.65 (non-reduced) and 0.85 (microbially reduced). C1 USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), USN, Marine Geosci Div, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Furukawa, Yoko/B-3099-2013 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510403 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 711PK UT WOS:000184750100003 ER PT J AU Mateo, R Beyer, WN Spann, JW Hoffman, DJ AF Mateo, R Beyer, WN Spann, JW Hoffman, DJ TI Relation of fatty acid composition in lead-exposed mallards to fat mobilization, lipid peroxidation and alkaline phosphatase activity SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alkaline phosphatase; anorexia; arachidonic acid; fatty acids; heavy metals; lead; plasma lipids; TBARS ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY LEAD; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES; EICOSANOID METABOLISM; STRIPED DOLPHINS; CHICKS; TOXICITY; BIRDS AB The increase of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in animal tissues has been proposed as a mechanism of lead (Pb) poisoning through lipid peroxidation or altered eicosanoids metabolism. We have studied fatty acid (FA) composition in liver and brain of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) feeding for 3 weeks on diets containing combinations of low or high levels of vitamin E (20 or 200 UI/kg) and Pb (0 or 2 g/kg). Saturated FA, n-6 PUFA and total concentrations of FA were higher in livers of Pb-exposed mallards, but not in their brains. The percentage of n-6 PUFA in liver and brain was slightly higher in Pb-exposed mallards. The increase of n-6 PUFA in liver was associated with decreased triglycerides and increased cholesterol in plasma, thus could be in part attributed to feed refusal and fat mobilization. The hepatic ratios between adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) or between adrenic acid and linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) were higher in Pb exposed birds, supporting the existing hypothesis of increased fatty acid elongation by Pb. Among the possible consequences of increased n-6 PUFA concentration in tissues, we found increased lipid peroxidation in liver without important histopathological changes, and decreased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity that may reflect altered bone metabolism in birds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Toxicol Lab, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Mateo, R (reprint author), Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ronda Toledo SN, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. RI Mateo, Rafael/A-3117-2011 OI Mateo, Rafael/0000-0003-1307-9152 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 135 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(03)00148-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 721GN UT WOS:000185308800008 PM 12965190 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Godbey, JL AF Biggins, DE Godbey, JL TI Challenges to reestablishment of free-ranging populations of black-footed ferrets SO COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Biodiversity Conservation and Management CY JUL 04-07, 2002 CL VOUZIERS, FRANCE DE black-footed ferret; plague; recovery; endangered species ID MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; PRAIRIE DOGS; PLAGUE; MEETEETSE; EXPERIENCE; BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; ECOLOGY; SKILLS AB The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) of North America is critically endangered due in part to its extreme specialization on formerly stable and abundant prairie dogs (Cynomys). Its close relative, the Siberian polecat (M. eversmannii) seems to have been subjected to a varying environment that was not conducive to specialization. One source of environmental variation in Asian steppes was plague (caused by Yersina pestis), which was absent from North America. Introduction of plague to North America presents serious challenges to ferret recovery. Partial solutions to other biological and political problems have been found, resulting in improved production in captivity, increased survival post-release, and thriving populations in plague-free South Dakota. (C) 2003 Academie des sciences. Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 29 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1631-0691 J9 CR BIOL JI C. R. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 326 SU 1 BP S104 EP S111 DI 10.1016/S1631-0691(03)00046-5 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 728ZH UT WOS:000185745900018 PM 14558458 ER PT J AU Booms, TL Fuller, MR AF Booms, TL Fuller, MR TI Gyrfalcon diet in central west Greenland during the nesting period SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE camera; diet; Falco rusticolus; food habits; Greenland; Gyrfalcon; time-lapse video ID FALCO-RUSTICOLUS; PEREGRINE FALCONS; PREY; BEHAVIOR; FOOD; REMAINS; ICELAND; ISLAND; NORTH AB We studied food habits of Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) nesting in central west Greenland in 2000 and 2001 using three sources of data: time-lapse video (3 nests), prey remains (22 nests), and regurgitated pellets (19 nests). These sources provided different information describing the diet during the nesting period. Gyrfalcons relied heavily on Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus) and arctic hares (Lepus arcticus). Combined, these species contributed 79-91% of the total diet, depending on the data used. Passerines were the third most important group. Prey less common in the diet included waterfowl, arctic fox pups (Alopex lagopus), shorebirds, gulls, alcids, and falcons. All Rock Ptarmigan were adults, and all but one arctic hare were young of the year. Most passerines were fledglings. We observed two diet shifts, first from a preponderance of ptarmigan to hares in mid-June, and second to passerines in late June. The video-monitored Gyrfalcons consumed 94-110 kg of food per nest during the nestling period, higher than previously estimated. Using a combination of video, prey remains, and pellets was important to accurately document Gyrfalcon diet, and we strongly recommend using time-lapse video in future diet studies to identify biases in prey remains and pellet data. C1 Boise State Univ, Raptor Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Booms, TL (reprint author), N10909 Oxbow Lane, Wausaukee, WI 54177 USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3 BP 528 EP 537 DI 10.1650/7147 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 708HL UT WOS:000184561100012 ER PT J AU Katzner, TE Bragin, EA Knick, ST Smith, AT AF Katzner, TE Bragin, EA Knick, ST Smith, AT TI Coexistence in a multispecies assemblage of eagles in Central Asia SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aquila chrysaetos; Aquila heliaca; Aquila nipalensis; habitat use; Haliaeetus albicilla; Kazakhstan; species coexistence ID INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; NEST-SITE; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; ECOLOGY; RAPTORS; GUILD; BIRDS; HAWKS AB We evaluated factors that permit species coexistence in an exceptional assemblage of similar raptor species at the Naurzum Zapovednik (a-national nature reserve) in north-central Kazakhstan. White-tailed Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Golden Eagle (A. chrysaetos), and Steppe Eagle (A. nipalensis) all breed at the Zapovednik. Steppe Eagle use of nesting resources was distinct from that of tree-nesting species. We evaluated differences in nest tree and nest habitat characteristics, nest dimensions and positions, and nest spacing among the three forest-dwelling eagle species to distinguish between the effects of inter- and intraspecific resource limitations on species coexistence. Although the different species bred in similar habitat and sometimes reused other species' nests, the dimensions, positions and locations of their nests often differed. These differences did not appear to result from interspecific competition. Nest spacing trends were also species specific; Imperial Eagles generally nested farther from other eagle nests than did Golden Eagles and White-tailed Sea-Eagles. Intraspecific variation in habitat, physical characteristics, and spacing patterns of Imperial Eagle nests was extensive throughout the nature reserve. Although interspecific partitioning of nesting habitat may allow coexistence of ground-nesting Steppe Eagles, interspecific competition did not appear to be a primary determinant of the use of nest habitat, space, or nests by tree-nesting species. Rather, interspecific effects appeared secondary to intraspecific effects in determining coexistence of tree-nesting eagles at this site. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Naurzum Natl Nat Reserve, Dept Sci, Karamendy 459730, Kostanay Oblast, Kazakhstan. USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Katzner, TE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 871501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. OI Katzner, Todd/0000-0003-4503-8435 NR 49 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2003 VL 105 IS 3 BP 538 EP 551 DI 10.1650/7140 PG 14 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 708HL UT WOS:000184561100013 ER PT J AU Cully, AC Cully, JF Hiebert, RD AF Cully, AC Cully, JF Hiebert, RD TI Invasion of exotic plant species in tallgrass prairie fragments SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-4-DOMINATED GRASSLAND; INVASIBILITY; DIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS; GRASSES AB The tallgrass prairie is one of the most severely affected ecosystems in North America. As a result of extensive conversion to agriculture during the last century, as little as 1% of the original tallgrass prairie remains. The remaining fragments of tallgrass prairie communities have conservation significance, but questions remain about their viability and importance to conservation. We investigated the effects of fragment size, native plant species diversity, and location on invasion by exotic plant species at 25 tallgrass prairie sites in central North America at various geographic scales. We used exotic species richness and relative cover as measures of invasion. Exotic species richness and cover were not related to area for all sites considered together. There were no significant relationships between native species richness and exotic species richness at the cluster and regional scale or for all sites considered together. At the local scale, exotic species richness was positively related to native species richness at four sites and negatively related at one. The 10 most frequently occurring and abundant exotic plant species in the prairie fragments were cool-season, or C-3, species, in contrast to the native plant community, which was dominated by warm-season, or C-4, species. This suggests that timing is important to the success of exotic species in the tallgrass prairie. Our study indicates that some small fragments of tallgrass prairie are relatively intact and should not be overlooked as long-term refuges for prairie species, sources of genetic variability, and material for restoration. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Midwest Reg, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Cully, AC (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Colorado Plateau Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, POB 5765, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 49 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 14 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 990 EP 998 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02107.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706KM UT WOS:000184452900011 ER PT J AU Peterson, JT Dunham, J AF Peterson, JT Dunham, J TI Combining inferences from models of capture efficiency, detectability, and suitable habitat to classify landscapes for conservation of threatened bull trout SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Effective conservation efforts for at-risk species require knowledge of the locations of existing populations. Species presence can be estimated directly by conducting field-sampling surveys or alternatively by developing predictive models. Direct surveys can be expensive and inefficient, particularly for rare and difficult-to-sample species, and models of species presence may produce biased predictions. We present a Bayesian approach that combines sampling and model-based inferences for estimating species presence. The accuracy and cost-effectiveness of this approach were compared to those of sampling surveys and predictive models for estimating the presence of the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) via simulation with existing models and empirical sampling data. Simulations indicated that a sampling-only approach would be the most effective and would result in the lowest presence and absence misclassification error rates for three thresholds of detection probability. When sampling effort was considered, however, the combined approach resulted in the lowest error rates per unit of sampling effort. Hence, lower probability-of-detection thresholds can be specified with the combined approach, resulting in lower misclassification error rates and improved cost-effectiveness. C1 Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Peterson, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, US Geol Survey, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1070 EP 1077 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01579.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706KM UT WOS:000184452900019 ER PT J AU Lewison, RL Crowder, LB Shaver, DJ AF Lewison, RL Crowder, LB Shaver, DJ TI The impact of turtle excluder devices and fisheries closures on loggerhead and Kemp's ridley strandings in the western Gulf of Mexico SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA; ATLANTIC; BYCATCH AB The Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network has been monitoring turtle strandings for more than 20 years in the United States. High numbers of strandings in the early to mid-1980s prompted regulations to require turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on shrimping vessels (trawlers). Following year-round TED implementation in 1991, however, stranding levels in the Gulf of Mexico increased. We evaluated the efficacy of TEDs and other management actions (e.g., fisheries closures) on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) turtle populations by analyzing a long-term, stranding data set from the western Gulf of Mexico. Our analyses suggest that both sea turtle population growth and shrimping activity have contributed to the observed increase in strandings. Compliance with regulations requiring turtle excluder devices was a significant factor in accounting for annual stranding variability: low compliance was correlated with high levels of strandings. Our projections suggest that improved compliance with TED regulations will reduce strandings to levels that, in conjunction with other protective measures, should promote population recoveries for loggerhead and Kemp's ridley turtles. Local, seasonal fisheries closures, concurrent with TED enforcement, could reduce strandings to even lower levels. A seasonal closure adjacent to a recently established Kemp's ridley nesting beach may also reduce mortality of nesting adults and thus promote long-term population persistence by fostering the establishment of a robust secondary nesting site. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Discipline, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Padre Isl Field Res Stn,Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. RP Lewison, RL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1089 EP 1097 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02057.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706KM UT WOS:000184452900021 ER PT J AU Remes, V AF Remes, V TI Effects of exotic habitat on nesting success, territory density, and settlement patterns in the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BREEDING SUCCESS; SITE QUALITY; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; PREDATION; BIRDS; SCALE; SINKS AB Animals are expected to distribute themselves in a heterogeneous environment in such a way that they maximize their reproductive output. When the environment is profoundly changed by human pressure, however, cues used for habitat selection in the past may no longer provide reliable information about habitat quality. I monitored the nesting success of Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) in two types of forest in southern Moravia in the Czech Republic. I assessed their breeding density and territory size using a territory mapping method and the minimum convex polygon method. I determined spring arrival through direct observations and measured vegetation characteristics and pattern of spring leafing of shrubs in both forests. I show that Blackcaps preferentially settled in a plantation of introduced black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) upon their return from spring migration. In this plantation, they reached twice the density as that observed in a natural floodplain forest nearby. However, they had significantly lower nesting success (15.5%) than in the floodplain forest (59%). Returning migrant Blackcaps may be lured by early-leafing shrubs in the exotic plantation to settle earlier and at higher densities in the reproductively inferior habitat. My results show that (1) it is not possible to assess habitat quality based solely on breeding densities, (2) human-modified habitats can function as ecological traps by luring settling birds into unsuitable habitats, and (3) by replacing exotic plant species with native ones we can restore native communities and increase the breeding productivity of bird populations. C1 Palacky Univ, Dept Zool, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. Univ Montana, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Remes, V (reprint author), Palacky Univ, Dept Zool, Tr Svobody 26, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. EM remes@prfnw.upol.cz RI Remes, Vladimir/B-6842-2016 NR 45 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1133 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01611.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706KM UT WOS:000184452900025 ER PT J AU Troyer, RM Kurath, G AF Troyer, RM Kurath, G TI Molecular epidemiology of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus reveals complex virus traffic and evolution within southern Idaho aquaculture SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE IHNV; molecular epidemiology; virus evolution; fish virus; Idaho trout; rhabdovirus ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; NATURAL-SELECTION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; IHN VIRUS; FISH; SALMON; SUBSTITUTIONS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a rhabdovirus which infects salmon and trout and may cause disease with up to 90% mortality, In the Hagerman Valley of Idaho, IHNV is endemic or epidemic among numerous fish farms and resource mitigation hatcheries. A previous study characterizing the genetic diversity among 84 IHNV isolates at 4 virus-endemic rainbow trout farms indicated that multiple lineages of relatively high diversity co-circulated at these facilities (Troyer et al. 2000 J Gen Virol. 81:2823-2832). We tested the hypothesis that high IHNV genetic diversity and co-circulating lineages are present in aquaculture facilities throughout this region. In this study, 73 virus isolates from 14 rainbow trout farms and 3 state hatcheries in the Hagerman Valley, isolated between 1978 and 1999, were genetically characterized by sequence analysis of a 303 nucleotide region of the glycoprotein gene. Phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses showed that multiple IHNV lineages co-circulate in a complex pattern throughout private trout farms and state hatcheries in the valley. IHNV maintained within the valley appears to have evolved significantly over the 22 yr study period. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.3354/dao055175 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 729RH UT WOS:000185787400001 PM 13677504 ER PT J AU Garver, KA Troyer, RM Kurath, G AF Garver, KA Troyer, RM Kurath, G TI Two distinct phylogenetic clades of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus overlap within the Columbia River basin SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Columbia River basin; IHNV; rhabdovirus; epidemiology; salmonids ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; FISH RHABDOVIRUS; IHN VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; SALMON; SUBSTITUTIONS; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAIN AB Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), an aquatic rhabdovirus, causes a highly lethal disease of salmonid fish in North America. To evaluate the genetic diversity of IHNV from throughout the Columbia River basin, excluding the Hagerman Valley, Idaho, the sequences of a 303 nt region of the glycoprotein gene (mid-G) of 120 virus isolates were determined. Sequence comparisons revealed 30 different sequence types, with a maximum nucleotide diversity of 7.3% (22 mismatches) and an intrapopulational nucleotide diversity of 0.018. This indicates that the genetic diversity of IHNV within the Columbia River basin is 3-fold higher than in Alaska, but 2-fold lower than in the Hagerman Valley, Idaho. Phylogenetic analyses separated the Columbia River basin IHNV isolates into 2 major clades, designated U and M. The 2 clades geographically overlapped within the lower Columbia River basin and in the lower Snake River and tributaries, while the upper Columbia River basin had only U clade and the upper Snake River basin had only M clade virus types. These results suggest that there are co-circulating lineages of IHNV present within specific areas of the Columbia River basin. The epidemiological significance of these findings provided insight into viral traffic patterns exhibited by IHNV in the Columbia River basin, with specific relevance to how the Columbia River basin IHNV types were related to those in the Hagerman Valley. These analyses indicate that there have likely been 2 historical events in which Hagerman Valley lHNV types were introduced and became established in the lower Columbia River basin. However, the data also clearly indicates that the Hagerman Valley is not a continuous source of waterborne virus infecting salmonid stocks downstream. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kurath, G (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.3354/dao055187 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 729RH UT WOS:000185787400002 PM 13677505 ER PT J AU Ebel, JE Wald, DJ AF Ebel, JE Wald, DJ TI Bayesian estimations of peak ground acceleration and 5% damped spectral acceleration from modified Mercalli intensity data SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC INTENSITY; MOTION; EARTHQUAKES AB We describe a new probabilistic method that uses observations of modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) from past earthquakes to make quantitative estimates of ground shaking parameters (i.e., peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, 5% damped spectral acceleration values, etc.). The method uses a Bayesian approach to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities of different levels of ground motions from intensity data given an earthquake of known location and magnitude. The method utilizes probability distributions from an intensity/ground motion data set along with a ground motion attenuation relation to estimate the ground motion from intensity. The ground motions with the highest probabilities are the ones most likely experienced at the site of the MMI observation. We test the method using MMI/ground motion data from California and published ground motion attenuation relations to estimate the ground motions for several earthquakes: 1999 Hector Mine, California (M7.1); 1988 Saguenay, Quebec (M5.9); and 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire (M4.4). In an example where the method is applied to a historic earthquake, we estimate that the peak ground accelerations associated with the 1727 (Msimilar to5.2) earthquake at Newbury, Massachusetts, ranged from 0.23 g at Newbury to 0.06 g at Boston. C1 Boston Coll, Weston Observ, Weston, MA 02493 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Ebel, JE (reprint author), Boston Coll, Weston Observ, 381 Concord Rd, Weston, MA 02493 USA. OI Wald, David/0000-0002-1454-4514 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INSTITUTE PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 511 EP 529 DI 10.1193/1.1596549 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 741XP UT WOS:000186485900003 ER PT J AU Taylor, AR Knight, RL AF Taylor, AR Knight, RL TI Wildlife responses to recreation and associated visitor perceptions SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE American bison; disturbance; flight distance; flush response; hiking; mountain biking; mule deer; outdoor recreation; pronghorn antelope; visitor perceptions ID WINTERING BALD EAGLES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ANTELOPE ISLAND; DISTURBANCE; PARK; SNOWMOBILES; CHAMOIS; TRAILS; SHEEP AB Outdoor recreation has the potential to disturb wildlife, resulting in energetic costs, impacts to animals' behavior and fitness, and avoidance of otherwise suitable habitat. Mountain biking is emerging as a popular form of outdoor recreation, yet virtually nothing is known about whether wildlife responds differently to mountain biking vs. more traditional forms of recreation, such as hiking. In addition, there is a lack of information on the "area of influence" (within which wildlife may be displaced from otherwise suitable habitat due to human activities) of different forms of recreation. We examined the responses of bison (Bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) to hikers and mountain bikers at Antelope Island State Park, Utah, by comparing alert distance, flight distance, and distance moved. Within a species, wildlife did not respond differently to mountain biking vs. hiking, but there was a negative relationship between wildlife body size and response. We determined the area of influence along trails and off-trail transects by examining each species' probability of flushing as perpendicular distance away from a trail increased. All three species exhibited a 70% probability of flushing from on-trail recreationists within 100 in from trails. Mule deer showed a 96% probability of flushing within 100 in of recreationists located off trails; their probability of flushing did not drop to 70% until perpendicular distance reached 390 in. We calculated the area around existing trails on Antelope Island that may be impacted by recreationists on those trails. Based on a 200-m "area of influence," 8.0 km (7%) of the island was potentially unsuitable for wildlife due to disturbance from recreation. Few studies have examined how recreationists perceive their effects on wildlife, although this has implications for their behavior on public lands. We surveyed 640 backcountry trail users on Antelope Island to investigate their perceptions of the effects of recreation on wildlife. Approximately 50% of recreationists felt that recreation was not having a negative effect on wildlife. In general, survey respondents perceived that it was acceptable to approach wildlife more closely than our empirical data indicated wildlife would allow. Recreationists also tended to blame other user groups for stress to wildlife rather than holding themselves responsible. The results of both the biological and human-dimensions aspects of our research have implications for the management of public lands where the continued coexistence of wildlife and recreation is a primary goal. Understanding wildlife responses to recreation and the "area of influence" of human activities may help managers judge whether wildlife populations are experiencing stress due to interactions with humans, and may aid in tailoring recreation plans to minimize long-term effects to wildlife from disturbance., Knowledge of recreationists' perceptions and beliefs regarding their effect's on wildlife may also assist public lands managers in encouraging positive. visitor behaviors around wildlife. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Taylor, AR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. NR 44 TC 134 Z9 143 U1 23 U2 153 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 951 EP 963 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)13[951:WRTRAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ER UT WOS:000185073300006 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, SJ White, GC Knopf, FL AF Dinsmore, SJ White, GC Knopf, FL TI Annual survival and population estimates of Mountain Plovers in Southern Phillips County, Montana SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; Charadrius montanus; conservation; demography; Montana; Mountain Plover; population size; robust design; survival ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; MARKED ANIMALS; ROBUST DESIGN; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY AB Information about the demography of declining species is especially relevant to their conservation and future recovery. Knowledge of survival rates and population size can be used to assess long-term viability and population trends, both of which are of interest to conservation biologists. We used capture-recapture techniques to study the demography of Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus Townsend) in southern Phillips County, Montana, USA, in 1995-2000. We used the robust design to estimate annual survival conditional capture (p and r) and recapture (c) probabilities, and the annual population, size (N) in the presence of temporary emigration. The results support age-specific differences in annual survival that are a function of juvenile body mass And. are correlated with the area occupied by. prairie dogs. Body mass had a positive effect on juvenile survival, the slope coefficient for the additive effect of body mass on juvenile survival was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.25, 1.28) on a logit scale. A measure of plover habitat (the area occupied by prairie dogs) appeared to have no effect on survival; the slope coefficient for the additive effect of area occupied by prairie dogs on survival was -0.00004 (95% ci = -0.00003, -0.0001) on a logit scale. Estimated annual apparent survival rates were 0.46-0.49 for juveniles and 0.68 for,adult plovers. Using these estimates, the life span of a Mountain Plover was 1.92 +/- 0.17 years (mean 1 SE) from time of capture as a chick. Resighting rates positively influenced capture probabilities; the slope coefficient for the additive resighting effect was -0.49 (95% ci = -0.86, -0.11) on a logit scale. The size of this adult Mountain Plover population was estimated at 95-180 adults annually. Population size closely tracked annual changes in the area occupied by black-tailed prairie dogs, with both plovers and prairie. dogs rapidly recovering from an outbreak of sylvatic plague in the mid-1990s. Given the low annual survival rates and low mean life expectancy of Mountain Plovers, we conclude that sustainable local populations are currently maintained by annual rates of productivity greater than those for other ground-nesting birds. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USGS, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Dinsmore, SJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM sdinsmore@cfr.msstate.edu NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1026 DI 10.1890/01-5311 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717ER UT WOS:000185073300010 ER PT J AU MacKenzie, DI Nichols, JD Hines, JE Knutson, MG Franklin, AB AF MacKenzie, DI Nichols, JD Hines, JE Knutson, MG Franklin, AB TI Estimating site occupancy, colonization, and local extinction when a species is detected imperfectly SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colonization; detection probability; local extinction; metapopulation; monitoring; open population; patch occupancy; robust design; site occupancy ID METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; PATCH OCCUPANCY; RATES; PATTERN; MODEL AB Few species are likely to be so evident that they will always be defected when present: Failing to allow for the possibility that a target species was present, but undetected at a site will lead to biased estimates of site occupancy, colonization,and local extinction probabilities. These population vital rates are often of interest in long-term monitoring programs and metapopulation studies. We present a model that enables direct estimation of these parameters when the probability of detecting the species is less than 1. The model does not require any assumptions-of process stationarity, as do some previous methods, but does require detection/nondetection data to be collected in a-manner similar to. Pollock's robust design as used-in mark-recapture studies. Via simulation, we,show that the model provides good estimates of parameters for most scenarios considered. We illustrate the method with data from monitoring programs of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in northern California and tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) in Minnesota, USA. C1 Proteus Res & Consulting Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP MacKenzie, DI (reprint author), Proteus Res & Consulting Ltd, POB 5193, Dunedin, New Zealand. NR 21 TC 632 Z9 657 U1 38 U2 321 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 IS 8 BP 2200 EP 2207 DI 10.1890/02-3090 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 717EQ UT WOS:000185073100026 ER PT J AU Berger, BR King, TVV Morath, LC Phillips, JD AF Berger, BR King, TVV Morath, LC Phillips, JD TI Utility of high-altitude infrared spectral data in mineral exploration: Application to northern Patagonia mountains, Arizona SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONATE MINERALS; DEPOSITS; MIXTURES; OLIVINE AB Synoptic views of hydrothermal alteration assemblages are of considerable utility in regional-scale minerals exploration. Recent advances in data acquisition and analysis technologies have greatly enhanced the usefulness of remotely sensed imaging spectroscopy for reliable alteration mineral assemblage mapping. Using NASA's Airborne Visible infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor, this study mapped large areas of advanced argillic and phyllic-argillic alteration assemblages in the southeastern Santa Rita and northern Patagonia mountains is, Arizona. Two concealed porphyry copper deposits have been identified during past exploration, the Red Mountain and Sunnyside deposits, and related published hydrothermal alteration zoning studies allow the comparison of tire results obtained from AVIRIS data to the more traditional field mapping approaches. The AVIRIS mapping compares favorably with field-based studies. An analysis of iron-bearing oxide minerals above a concealed supergene chalcocite deposit at Red Mountain also indicates that remotely sensed data can be of value in the interpretation of leached caps above porphyry copper deposits. In conjunction with other types of geophysical data, AVIRIS mineral maps can be used to discriminate different exploration targets within a region. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Berger, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1003 EP 1018 DI 10.2113/98.5.1003 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 708UR UT WOS:000184588400008 ER PT J AU Rowan, LC Hook, SJ Abrams, MJ Mars, JC AF Rowan, LC Hook, SJ Abrams, MJ Mars, JC TI Mapping hydrothermally altered rocks at Cuprite, Nevada, using the advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), a new satellite-imaging system SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID SCANNER IMAGES; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; IR AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a 14-band multispectral instrument on board the Earth Observing System (EOS), TERRA. The three bands between 0.52 and 0.86 mum and the six bands from 1.60 and 2.43 mum, which have 15- and 30-m spatial resolution, respectively, were selected primarily for making remote mineralogical determinations. The Cuprite, Nevada, mining district comprises two hydrothermal alteration centers where Tertiary volcanic rocks have been hydrothermally altered mainly to bleached silicified rocks and opalized rocks, with a marginal zone of limonitic argillized rocks. Country rocks are mainly Cambrian phyllitic siltstone and limestone. Evaluation of an ASTER image of the Cuprite district shows that spectral reflectance differences in the nine bands in the 0.52 to 2.43 mum region provide a basis for identifying and mapping mineralogical components which characterize the main hydrothermal alteration zones: opal is the spectrally dominant mineral in the silicified zone; whereas, alunite and kaolinite are dominant in the opalized zone. In addition, the distribution of unaltered country rocks was mapped because of the presence of spectrally dominant muscovite in the siltstone and calcite in limestone, and the tuffaceous rocks and playa deposits were distinguishable due to their relatively flat spectra and weak absorption features at 2.33 and 2.20 mum, respectively. An Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image of the study area was processed using a similar methodology used with the ASTER data. Comparison of the ASTER and AVIRIS results shows that the results are generally similar, but the higher spectral resolution of AVIRIS (224 bands) permits identification of more individual minerals, including certain polymorphs. However, ASTER has recorded images of more than 90 percent of the Earth's land surface with less than 20 percent cloud cover, and these data are available at nominal or no cost. Landsat TM images have a similar spatial resolution to ASTER images, but TM has fewer bands, which limits its usefulness for making mineral determinations. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rowan, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 954, Reston, VA USA. NR 29 TC 94 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 14 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 98 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.2113/98.5.1019 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 708UR UT WOS:000184588400009 ER PT J AU Sweka, JA Hartman, KJ AF Sweka, JA Hartman, KJ TI Reduction of reactive distance and foraging success in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, exposed to elevated turbidity levels SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE vision; feeding; predation ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BROOK TROUT; COHO SALMON; SEDIMENT; GROWTH; FISH; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; CREEK AB We determined how turbidity affected the reactive distance and foraging success of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu. Smallmouth bass reactive distance decreased exponentially with increasing turbidity, from 65 cm in clear water to 10 cm at the highest turbidity. Turbidity significantly decreased the probability of a fish reacting to a prey item, but did not influence foraging success following reaction to the prey. Elevated turbidity may reduce stream fish foraging efficiency and decrease prey consumption. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Sweka, JA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, POB 75, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1023/A:1025835031366 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724NV UT WOS:000185494400003 ER PT J AU Mazur, MM Beauchamp, DA AF Mazur, MM Beauchamp, DA TI A comparison of visual prey detection among species of piscivorous salmonids: effects of light and low turbidities SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE reaction distance; fish vision; predation rate; piscivory; swimming speed; Oncorhynchus clarki; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salvelinus namaycush ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE SALMON; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; CUTTHROAT TROUT; LAKE TROUT; BEAR LAKE; FISH; SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY; CONSUMPTION; PREDATION AB Differences in reaction distance to prey fish by piscivorous salmonids can alter predator-prey interactions under different visual conditions. We compared reaction distances of three piscivorous salmonids commonly found in western lakes: cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki utah, rainbow trout, O. mykiss, and the nonnative lake char, Salvelinus namaycush. Reaction distances to salmonid prey were measured as functions of light and turbidity in a controlled laboratory setting. In addition, predation rates and swimming speeds of lake char preying on juvenile cutthroat trout were measured experimentally under a range of light levels. Reaction distances for cutthroat trout and rainbow trout increased rapidly as light levels increased, reaching relatively constant reaction distances at higher light levels. Reaction distances for lake char were similar to cutthroat trout and rainbow trout at the lower light levels; however, lake char reaction distances continued to increase with increasing light intensity to asymptote at distances 65% higher than those for both cutthroat and rainbow trout. Predation rates by lake char were low for the darkest light levels, increased rapidly under low light levels (0.50-0.75 lx), and then declined to an intermediate rate at all higher light levels. Swimming speeds by lake char also increased rapidly from extremely low light conditions to a peak and declined to an intermediate level at light levels above 1.00 lx. These results suggest that, above the saturation intensity threshold, piscivorous lake char react to fish prey at greater distances than do cutthroat trout and rainbow trout. These differences may help explain the decline of native trout following the introductions of nonnative lake char in lakes and reservoirs of western North America. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Mazur, MM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wilflife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 31 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2003 VL 67 IS 4 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1023/A:1025807711512 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724NV UT WOS:000185494400010 ER PT J AU Curtis, JA Whitney, JW AF Curtis, JA Whitney, JW TI Geomorphic and hydrologic assessment of erosion hazards at the Norman municipal landfill, Canadian River floodplain central Oklahoma SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE erosion hazards; Canadian River; Norman; landfill ID TERTIARY AB The Norman, Oklahoma, municipal landfill closed in 1985 after 63 years of operation, because it was identified as a point source of hazardous leachate composed of organic and inorganic compounds. The landfill is located on the floodplain of the Canadian River, a sand-bed river characterized by erodible channel boundaries and by large variation in mean monthly discharges. In 1986, floodwaters eroded riprap protection at the southern end of the landfill and penetrated the landfill's clay cap, thereby exposing the landfill contents. The impact of this moderate-magnitude flood event (Q(12)) was the catalyst to investigate erosion hazards at the Norman landfill. This geomorphic investigation analyzed floodplain geomorphology and historical channel changes, flood-frequency distributions, an erosion threshold, the geomorphic effectiveness of discharge events, and other factors that influence erosion hazards at the landfill site. The erosion hazard at the Norman landfill is a function of the location of the landfill with respect to the channel thalweg, erosional resistance of the channel margins, magnitude and duration of discrete discharge events, channel form and hydraulic geometry, and cumulative effects related to a series of discharge events. Based on current climatic conditions and historical channel changes, a minimum erosion threshold is set at bankfull discharge (Q = 572 m(3)/s). The annual probability of exceeding this threshold is 0.53. In addition, this analysis indicates that peak stream power is less informative than total energy expenditures when estimating the erosion potential or geomorphic effectiveness of discrete discharge events. On the Canadian River, long-duration, moderate-magnitude floods can have larger total energy expenditures than shorter-duration, high-magnitude floods and therefore represent the most serious erosion hazard to floodplain structures. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Curtis, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6000 J St,Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.2113/9.3.241 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 716YN UT WOS:000185057800005 ER PT J AU Haines, TA May, TW Finlayson, RT Mierzykowski, SE AF Haines, TA May, TW Finlayson, RT Mierzykowski, SE TI Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza Site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE fish; industrial contamination; invertebrates; mercury; sediment ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; CLARK-FORK RIVER; SIMULTANEOUSLY EXTRACTED METALS; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; INORGANIC MERCURY; ACUTE TOXICITY; FISH; CADMIUM; LAKES AB The influence of the Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund Site on the Sudbury River, Massachusetts, was assessed by analysis of sediment, fish prey organisms, and predator fish from four locations in the river system. Whitehall Reservoir is an impoundment upstream of the site, and Reservoir #2 is an impoundment downstream of the site. Cedar Street is a flowing reach upstream of the site, and Sherman Bridge is a flowing reach downstream of the site. Collections of material for analysis were made three times, in May, July, and October. Sediment was analyzed for acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously-extracted (SEM) metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Zn), and total recoverable Hg. The dominant predatory fish species collected at all sites, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), was analyzed for the same suite of metals as sediment. Analysis of stomach contents of bass identified small fish (yellow perch Perca flavescens, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus), crayfish, and dragonfly larvae as the dominant prey organisms. Samples of the prey were collected from the same locations and at the same times as predator fish, and were analyzed for total and methyl mercury. Results of AVS and SEM analyses indicated that sediments were not toxic to aquatic invertebrates at any site. The SEM concentrations of As, Cd, and Cr were significantly higher at Reservoir #2 than at the reference sites, and SEM As and Cd were significantly higher at Sherman Bridge than at Cedar St. Sediment total Hg was elevated only at Reservoir #2. Hg was higher at site-influenced locations in all fish species except brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Cd was higher in bluegill, black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), and brown bullhead, and Cr was higher in largemouth bass fillet samples but not in whole-body samples. There were no seasonal differences in sediment or prey organism metals, but some metals in some fish species did vary over time in an inconsistent manner. Predator fish Hg concentration was significantly linearly related to weighted prey organism methyl Hg concentration. Largemouth bass Hg was significantly lower at Reservoir #2 in our study than in previous investigations in 1989 and 1990. High concentrations of inorganic Hg remain in river sediment as a result of operation of the Nyanza site, and fish Hg concentrations in river reaches downstream of the site are elevated compared to upstream reference sites. However, the differences are relatively small and Hg concentrations in largemouth bass from the site-influenced locations are no higher than those from some other, nearby uncontaminated sites. We hypothesize that this results from burial of contaminated sediment with cleaner material, which reduces bioavailability of contaminants and possibly reduces methylation of mercury. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Maine Field Off, Old Town, ME USA. RP Haines, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 27 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 211 EP 232 DI 10.1023/A:1024017329382 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686LM UT WOS:000183323300001 PM 12858964 ER PT J AU Boxall, ABA Kolpin, DW Halling-Sorensen, B Tolls, J AF Boxall, ABA Kolpin, DW Halling-Sorensen, B Tolls, J TI Are veterinary medicines causing environmental risks? SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TYLOSIN-A; SOIL; TETRACYCLINE; MANURE; PHARMACEUTICALS; AVERMECTINS; RESISTANCE AB Too little is known about the effects of these compounds, their metabolites, and degradation products. C1 Cranfield Ctr Ecochem, Cranfield, Beds, England. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Boxall, ABA (reprint author), Cranfield Ctr Ecochem, Cranfield, Beds, England. EM a.boxall@cranfield.ac.uk RI Boxall, Alistair/E-5009-2010 NR 57 TC 158 Z9 188 U1 10 U2 117 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 15 BP 286A EP 294A DI 10.1021/es032519b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707GF UT WOS:000184501900022 PM 12966963 ER PT J AU Haack, SK Fogarty, LR Wright, C AF Haack, SK Fogarty, LR Wright, C TI Escherichia coli and enterococci at beaches in the Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan: Sources, characteristics, and environmental pathways SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; FECAL POLLUTION; DISCRIMINANT-ANALYSIS; NONPOINT SOURCES; CONTAMINATION; STREPTOCOCCI; IDENTIFICATION; INDICATORS AB This study quantified Escherichia coli(EC) and enterococci (ENT) in beach waters and dominant source materials, correlated these with ambient conditions, and determined selected EC genotypes and ENT phenotypes. Bathing-water ENT criteria were exceeded more frequently than EC criteria, providing conflicting interpretations of water quality. Dominant sources of EC and ENT were bird feces (10(8)/d/bird), storm drains (10(7)/d), and river water (10(11)/d); beach sands, shallow groundwater and detritus were additional sources. Beach-water EC genotypes and ENT phenotypes formed clusters with those from all source types, reflecting diffuse inputs. Some ENT isolates had phenotypes similar to those of human pathogens and/or exhibited high-level resistance to human-use antibiotics. EC and ENT concentrations were influenced by collection time and wind direction. There was a 48-72-h lag between rainfall and elevated EC concentrations at three southern shoreline beaches, but no such lag at western and eastern shoreline beaches, reflecting the influence of beach orientation with respect to cyclic (3-5 d) summer weather patterns. In addition to local contamination sources and processes, conceptual or predictive models of Great Lakes beach water quality should consider regional weather patterns, lake hydrodynamics, and the influence of monitoring method variables (time of day, frequency). C1 US Geol Survey, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. Watershed Ctr, Traverse City, MI 49684 USA. RP Haack, SK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 6520 Mercantile Way,Suite 5, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. NR 43 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3275 EP 3282 DI 10.1021/es021062n PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707GF UT WOS:000184501900029 PM 12966970 ER PT J AU Erwin, RM Allen, DH Jenkins, D AF Erwin, RM Allen, DH Jenkins, D TI Created versus natural coastal islands: Atlantic waterbird populations, habitat choices, and management implications SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID NESTING WATERBIRDS; VIRGINIA; REGION AB Nesting colonial waterbirds along the Atlantic Coast of the United States face a number of landscape-level threats including human disturbance, mammalian predator expansion, and habitat alteration. There have been changes from 1977 to the mid-1990s in use of nesting habitats and populations of a number of seabird species of concern in the region, including black skimmers Rynchops niger Linnaeaus, common terns Sterna hirundo Linnaeaus, gull-billed terns Sterna nilotica Linnaeaus, least terns Sterna antillarum Lesson, royal terns Sterna maxima Boddaert, and sandwich terns Sterna sandvicensis Cabot. These species form colonies primarily on the following habitat types: large, sandy barrier or shoal islands, natural estuarine or bay islands (mostly marsh), man-made islands of dredged deposition materials (from navigation channels), and the mainland. Significant changes in the use of the dredged material islands have occurred for these species in New Jersey and North Carolina, but not in Virginia. Population declines and changes in bird habitat use appear to be at least partially associated with the conditions and management of the existing dredged material islands, coastal policy changes associated with creating new dredged material islands, and competing demands for sand for beach augmentation by coastal communities. As these and other coastal habitats become less suitable for colonial waterbirds, other man-made sites, such as bridges and buildings have become increasingly more important. In regions with intense recreational demands, coastal wildlife managers need to take a more aggressive role in managing natural and man-made habitats areas and as stakeholders in the decision-making process involving dredged materials and beach sand allocation. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, United States Geol Survey Patuxent Wildlife Res C, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Trenton, NC 28585 USA. New Jersey Div Fish & Wildlife, Nongame Program, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Erwin, RM (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, United States Geol Survey Patuxent Wildlife Res C, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4A BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1007/BF02803353 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 732JA UT WOS:000185936000013 ER PT J AU Purkerson, DG Doblin, MA Bollens, SM Luoma, SN Cutter, GA AF Purkerson, DG Doblin, MA Bollens, SM Luoma, SN Cutter, GA TI Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; JOAQUIN-DELTA; TIME SCALES; ACCUMULATION; SEDIMENTS; WATERS; BIOACCUMULATION; MESOZOOPLANKTON AB The potential toxicity of elevated selenium (Se) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems has stimulated efforts to measure Se concentrations in benthos, nekton, and waterfowl in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay). In September 1998, we initiated a 14 mo field study to determine the concentration of Se in SF Bay zooplankton, which play a major role in the Bay food web, but which have not previously been studied with respect to Se. Monthly vertical plankton tows were collected at several stations throughout SF Bay, and zooplankton were separated into two operationally defined size classes for Se analyses: 73-2,000 mum, and greater than or equal to2,000 mum. Selenium values ranged 1.02-6.07 mug Se g(-1) dry weight. No spatial differences in zooplankton Se concentrations were found. However, there were inter- and intra-annual differences. Zooplankton Se concentrations were enriched in the North Bay in Fall 1999 when compared to other seasons and locations within and outside SF Bay. The abundance and biovolume of the zooplankton community varied spatially between stations, but not seasonally within each station. Smaller herbivorous-omnivorous zooplankton had higher Se concentrations than larger omnivorous-carnivorous zooplankton. Selenium concentrations in zooplankton were negatively correlated with the proportion of total copepod biovolume comprising the large carnivorous copepod Tortanus dextrilobatus, but positively correlated with the proportion of copepod biovolume comprising smaller copepods of the family Oithonidae, suggesting an important role of trophic level and size in regulating zooplankton Se concentrations. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. United States Geol Survey, Water Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bollens, SM (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RI Doblin, Martina/E-8719-2013; Cutter, Gregory/C-7898-2017 OI Doblin, Martina/0000-0001-8750-3433; Cutter, Gregory/0000-0001-6744-6718 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4A BP 956 EP 969 DI 10.1007/BF02803354 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 732JA UT WOS:000185936000014 ER PT J AU Holsman, KK Armstrong, DA Beauchamp, DA Ruesink, JL AF Holsman, KK Armstrong, DA Beauchamp, DA Ruesink, JL TI The necessity for intertidal foraging by estuarine populations of subadult Dungeness crab, Cancer magister: Evidence from a bioenergetics model SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Review ID CARCINUS-MAENAS L; MARINE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BLUE CRABS; SHORE CRAB; SALT-MARSH; SUPRALITTORAL ISOPOD; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; COASTAL ESTUARIES AB Complex intertidal habitats characteristic of northeastern Pacific coastal estuaries provide critical nursery environments for young-of-the-year Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, yet their role in supporting subsequent year classes remains unclear. Subadult C. magister (40-130 mm; 1+ and >1+ year classes), which reach densities as high as 4,300 crabs ha(-1) in subtidal channels during low tides, migrate during flood tides from subtidal refuges into intertidal habitats to forage. As with other brachyuran species that undertake extensive tidally-driven migrations, intertidal foraging may contribute significantly to the energy budget of subadult C. magister. In order to explore the energetic incentive for intertidal migrations by subadult crabs, we developed an ontogenetically-based bioenergetics model for crabs within Willapa Bay, Washington. The model showed that energetic demand varied spatially across the bay, with the highest average energetic demand of a population of subadult crabs (2.13 x 10(6) kJ ha(-1)) occurring in a habitat stratum termed lower side channel (LSC) and characterized by relatively little subtidal area and extensive intertidal flats. Comparison of model results with subtidal prey production revealed that the latter could not satisfy subadult C. magister energetic demands, especially in LSC where modeled crab predation depleted subtidal prey biomass within 17 simulation days. We estimate that 1 ha of subtidal crabs from LSC would minimally require an additional 1.6 ha of intertidal area to satisfy energetic demands without depleting prey biomass. Our model results support the assertion that C. magister make regular migrations to forage on productive intertidal flats, and suggest that intertidal foraging may contribute significantly to the diet of subadult crabs in coastal estuaries. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Holsman, KK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, US Geol Survey, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kkari@u.washington.edu NR 106 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4B BP 1155 EP 1173 DI 10.1007/BF02803371 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 732JB UT WOS:000185936100014 ER PT J AU Perez, BC Day, JW Justic, D Twilley, RR AF Perez, BC Day, JW Justic, D Twilley, RR TI Nitrogen and phosphorus transport between Fourleague Bay, LA, and the Gulf of Mexico: the role of winter cold fronts and Atchafalaya River discharge SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nutrient transport; flux; cold fronts pulsing; nitrogen; phosphorus; Atchafalaya River; Fourleague Bay ID FRESH-WATER; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TIDAL MARSHES; SALT-MARSH; ESTUARY; LOUISIANA; VARIABILITY; PASSAGE; PLAIN; FATE AB Nutrient fluxes were measured between Fourleague Bay, a shallow Louisiana estuary, and the Gulf of Mexico every 3 h between February 1 and April 30, 1994 to determine how high velocity winds associated with cold fronts and peak Atchafalaya River discharge influenced transport. Net water fluxes were ebb-dominated throughout the study because of wind forcing and high volumes of water entering the northern Bay from the Atchafalaya River. Flushing time of the Bay averaged <8 days; however, more rapid flushing occurred in response to northerly winds with approximately 56% of the volume of the Bay exported to the Gulf in 1 day during the strongest flushing event. Higher nitrate + nitrite (NO(2) + NO(3)), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were indicative of Atchafalaya River input and fluxes were greater when influenced by high velocity northerly winds associated with frontal passage. Net exports of NO(2) + NO(3), TN, and TP were 43.5, 98.5, and 13.6 g s(-1), respectively, for the 89-day study. An average of 10.6 g s(-1) of ammonium (NH(4)) was exported to the Gulf over the study; however, concentrations were lower when associated with riverine influence and wind-driven exports suggesting the importance of biological processes. Phosphate (PO(4)) fluxes were nearly balanced over the study with fairly stable concentrations indicating a well-buffered system. The results indicate that the high energy subsidy provided by natural pulsing events such as atmospheric cold fronts and seasonal river discharge are efficient mechanisms of nutrient delivery to adjacent wetlands and nearshore coastal ecosystems and are important in maintaining coastal sustainability. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Perez, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cagundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM brian_perez@usgs.gov NR 55 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 57 IS 5-6 BP 1065 EP 1078 DI 10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00010-6 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 723WA UT WOS:000185453500026 ER PT J AU Milston, RH Vella, AT Crippen, TL Fitzpatrick, MS Leong, JAC Schreck, CB AF Milston, RH Vella, AT Crippen, TL Fitzpatrick, MS Leong, JAC Schreck, CB TI In vitro detection of functional humoral immunocompetence in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) using flow cytometry SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Immunoassays; surface immunoglobin; B-lymphocytes; chinook salmon ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TELEOST FISH; LYMPHOCYTES; CELLS; STIMULATION; INVITRO; IMMUNE; TROUT; LEUKOCYTES; GAIRDNERI AB A flow cytometric (FCM) assay for detection of immunomodulatory effects of environmental factors on the humoral response of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is described and validated. This technique combines exposure of whole animals or leucocyte cultures to immunomodulatory agents/conditions with in vitro mitogenic activation of B-lymphocytes. The proportion of leucocytes undergoing blastogenesis following in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is quantified by FCM analysis of forward and side scatter properties. In addition, binding of a fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled anti-rainbow trout immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody (anti-RBT SIgM-FITC), quantified by FCM analysis, is used to determine the ability of the lymphoblasts to express surface immunoglobulin M (SIgM). Through a series of calibration steps, it was confirmed that anti-RBT IgM-FITC was specific for B-lymphocyte SIgM in chinook salmon. Binding of anti-RBT IgM-FITC to chinook salmon SIgM positive leucocytes was effectively blocked with salmon serum and an isotype control was established. B-lymphocytes were partially removed from a population of leucocytes through adherence to a nylon wool column, which then demonstrated a consequent reduction in anti-RBT IgM-FITC binding. Using anti-RBT IgM-FITC as a marker, the distribution of resting lymphocytes expressing SIgM in lymphoid tissues of juvenile chinook salmon was described. The mean percentage of SIgM positive cells in spleen, pronephros and blood were found to be 62.1 (+/- 2.82), 34.8 (+/- 1.86) and 56.7% (+/- 4.7) of all viable leucocytes, respectively. In a time-course experiment for optimal in vitro activation of leucocytes for this assay, blastogenesis and up-regulation of SIgM expression of splenic leucocytes were observed through FCM by 4 days post in vitro stimulation with LPS, continued through 7 days, but was no longer visible by 10 days post stimulation. Using this assay, reduced expression of SIgM in splenic and pronephric B-lymphocytes was detected following in vitro exposure to physiologically relevant stress concentrations of cortisol in conjunction with mitogenic stimulation. This technique will be a useful addition to the assays already available in the rapidly growing field of fish immunology. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, USGS, Biol Resource Div, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Milston, RH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00151-1 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 700NU UT WOS:000184118700005 PM 12834618 ER PT J AU Weigel, BM Wang, LZ Rasmussen, PW Butcher, JT Stewart, PM Simon, TP Wiley, MJ AF Weigel, BM Wang, LZ Rasmussen, PW Butcher, JT Stewart, PM Simon, TP Wiley, MJ TI Relative influence of variables at multiple spatial scales on stream macroinvertebrates in the Northern Lakes and Forest ecoregion, USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; index of biotic integrity; landcover; multivariate; redundancy analysis ID LAND-USE; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN; LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; HABITAT QUALITY; RIPARIAN AREAS; SPECIES TRAITS; TROUT STREAMS; WATER-QUALITY AB 1. We used 94 sites within the Northern Lakes and Forests ecoregion spanning Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan to identify environmental variables at the catchment, reach and riparian scales that influence stream macroinvertebrates. Redundancy analyses (RDA) found significantly influential variables within each scale and compared their relative importance in structuring macroinvertebrate assemblages. 2. Environmental variables included landcover, geology and groundwater delivery estimates at the catchment scale, water chemistry, channel morphology and stream habitat at the reach scale, and landcover influences at three distances perpendicular to the stream at the riparian scale. Macroinvertebrate responses were characterised with 22 assemblage attributes, and the relative abundance and presence/absence of 66 taxa. 3. Each scale defined macroinvertebrates along an erosional to depositional gradient. Wisconsin's macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity, Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera taxa and erosional taxa corresponded with forest streams, whereas organic pollution tolerant, Chironomidae and depositional taxa corresponded with wetland streams. Reach scale analyses defined the gradient similarly as dissolved oxygen and wide, shallow channels (erosional) opposed instream macrophytes and pool habitats (depositional). Riparian forests within 30 m of the stream coincided with an erosional assemblage and biotic integrity. 4. Next, we combined all significant environmental variables across scales to compare the relative influence of each spatial scale on macroinvertebrates. Partial RDA procedures described how much of the explained variance was attributable to each spatial scale and each interrelated scale combination. 5. Our results appeared consistent with the concept of hierarchical functioning of scale in which large-scale variables restrict the potential for macroinvertebrate traits or taxa at smaller spatial scales. Catchment and reach variables were equally influential in defining assemblage attributes, whereas the reach scale was more influential in determining relative abundance and presence/absence. 6. Ultimately, comprehending the relative influence of catchment and reach scale properties in structuring stream biota will assist prioritising the scale at which to rehabilitate, manage and derive policies for stream ecosystem integrity. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Monona, WI 53716 USA. US Forest Serv, Super Natl Forest, Duluth, MN USA. Troy State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, NY USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. EM brian.weigel@dnr.state.wi.us RI Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012; Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 56 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1440 EP 1461 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01076.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 702AY UT WOS:000184203500012 ER PT J AU DeGraaff-Surpless, K Mahoney, JB Wooden, JL McWilliams, MO AF DeGraaff-Surpless, K Mahoney, JB Wooden, JL McWilliams, MO TI Lithofacies control in detrital zircon provenance studies: Insights from the Cretaceous Methow basin, southern Canadian Cordillera SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE provenance; zircon; Methow Basin; Canadian Cordillera; Baja BC hypothesis; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test ID ACTUALISTIC SANDSTONE PETROFACIES; SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MESOZOIC GRANITIC ROCKS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; COAST BELT; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; PENINSULAR RANGES; PLUTONIC COMPLEX; THRUST SYSTEM; STRIKE-SLIP AB High-frequency sampling for detrital zircon analysis can provide a detailed record of fine-scale basin evolution by revealing the temporal and spatial variability of detrital zircon ages within clastic sedimentary successions. This investigation employed detailed sampling of two sedimentary successions in the Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin of the southern Canadian Cordillera to characterize the heterogeneity of detrital zircon signatures within single lithofacies and assess the applicability of detrital zircon analysis in distinguishing fine-scale provenance changes not apparent in lithologic analysis of the strata. The Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin contains two distinct stratigraphic sequences of middle Albian to Santonian clastic sedimentary rocks: submarine-fan deposits of the Harts Pass Formation/Jackass Mountain Group and fluvial deposits of the Winthrop Formation. Although both stratigraphic sequences displayed consistent ranges in detrital zircon ages on a broad scale, detailed sampling within each succession revealed heterogeneity in the detrital zircon age distributions that was systematic and predictable in the turbidite succession but unpredictable in the fluvial succession. These results suggest that a high-density sampling approach permits interpretation of fine-scale changes within a lithologically uniform turbiditic sedimentary succession, but heterogeneity within fluvial systems may be too large and unpredictable to permit accurate fine-scale characterization of the evolution of source regions. The robust composite detrital zircon age signature developed for these two successions permits comparison of the Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin age signature with known plutonic source-rock ages from major plutonic belts throughout the Cretaceous North American margin. The Methow/Methow-Tyaughton basin detrital zircon age signature matches best with source regions in the southern Canadian Cordillera, requiring that the basin developed in close proximity to the southern Canadian Cordillera and providing evidence against large-scale dextral translation of the Methow terrane. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP DeGraaff-Surpless, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ksurpless@stanford.edu RI McWilliams, Michael/A-9548-2011 OI McWilliams, Michael/0000-0002-4107-7069 NR 88 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 115 IS 8 BP 899 EP 915 DI 10.1130/B25267.1 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 709XR UT WOS:000184652300001 ER PT J AU Johnson, SY Stephenson, WJ Morgan, LA Shanks, WC Pierce, KL AF Johnson, SY Stephenson, WJ Morgan, LA Shanks, WC Pierce, KL TI Hydrothermal and tectonic activity in northern Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Yellowstone Lake; seismic reflection profiles; hydrothermal processes; explosive eruptions; extension faults; earthquake hazards ID NATIONAL-PARK; CALDERA MARGIN; MOUNT-MAZAMA; CRATER LAKE; DEFORMATION; MORPHOLOGY; SUBSIDENCE; HISTORY; MONTANA; TEPHRA AB Yellowstone National Park is the site of one of the world's largest calderas. The abundance of geothermal and tectonic activity in and around the caldera, including historic uplift and subsidence, makes it necessary to understand active geologic processes and their associated hazards. To that end, we here use an extensive grid of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles (similar to450 km) to document hydrothermal and tectonic features and deposits in northern Yellowstone Lake. Sublacustrine geothermal features in northern Yellowstone Lake include two of the largest known hydrothermal explosion craters, Mary Bay and Elliott's. Mary Bay explosion breccia is distributed uniformly around the crater, whereas Elliott's crater breccia has an asymmetric distribution and forms a distinctive, similar to2-km-long, hummocky lobe on the lake floor. Hydrothermal vents and low-relief domes are abundant on the lake floor; their greatest abundance is in and near explosion craters and along linear fissures. Domed areas on the lake floor that are relatively unbreached (by vents) are considered the most likely sites of future large hydrothermal explosions. Four submerged shoreline terraces along the margins of northern Yellowstone Lake add to the Holocene record of postglacial lake-level fluctuations attributed to "heavy breathing" of the Yellowstone magma reservoir and associated geothermal system. The Lake Hotel fault cuts through northwestern Yellowstone Lake and represents part of a 25-km-long distributed extensional deformation zone. Three postglacial ruptures indicate a slip rate of similar to0.27 to 0.34 mm/yr. The largest (3.0 m slip) and most recent event occurred in the past similar to2100 yr. Although high heat flow in the crust limits the rupture area of this fault zone, future earthquakes of magnitude similar to5.3 to 6.5 are possible. Earthquakes and hydrothermal explosions have probably triggered landslides, common features around the lake margins. Few high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have been conducted in lakes in active volcanic areas. Our data reveal active geothermal features with unprecedented resolution and provide important analogues for recognition of comparable features and potential hazards in other subaqueous geothermal environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Johnson, SY (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 966,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 115 IS 8 BP 954 EP 971 DI 10.1130/B25111.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 709XR UT WOS:000184652300005 ER PT J AU Easton, RM Edwards, LE Wardlaw, BR AF Easton, RM Edwards, LE Wardlaw, BR TI Discussion and reply: Notes on geochronologic and chronostratigraphic units - Discussion SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ontario Geol Survey, North Amer Commiss Stratig Nomenculture, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada. US Geol Survey, N Amer Commiss Stratig Nomenclature, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Easton, RM (reprint author), Ontario Geol Survey, North Amer Commiss Stratig Nomenculture, 933 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON P3E 6B5, Canada. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 115 IS 8 BP 1016 EP 1017 DI 10.1130/B25193D.1 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 709XR UT WOS:000184652300009 ER PT J AU Self-Trail, JM AF Self-Trail, JM TI Shock-wave-induced fracturing of calcareous nannofossils from the Chesapeake Bay impact crater SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE late Eocene; calcareous nannofossils; impact; Chesapeake Bay ID SEA AB Fractured calcareous nannofossills of the genus Discoaster from synimpact sediments within the Chesapeake Bay impact crater demonstrate that other petrographic shock indicators exist for the cratering process in addition to quartz minerals. Evidence for shock-induced taphonomy includes marginal fracturing of rosette-shaped Discoaster species into pentagonal shapes and pressure- and temperature-induced dissolution of ray tips and edges of discoasters. Rotational deformation of individual crystallites may be the mechanism that produces the fracture pattern. Shock-wave-fractured calcareous nannofossils were recovered from synimpact matrix material representing tsunami or resurge sedimentation that followed impact. Samples taken from cohesive clasts within the crater rubble show no evidence of shock-induced fracturing. The data presented here support growing evidence that microfossills can be used to determine the intensity and timing of wet-impact cratering. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Self-Trail, JM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2003 VL 31 IS 8 BP 697 EP 700 DI 10.1130/G19678.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 710AJ UT WOS:000184658400011 ER PT J AU Glen, JMG Valet, JP Soler, V Renne, PR Elmaleh, A AF Glen, JMG Valet, JP Soler, V Renne, PR Elmaleh, A TI A Neogene geomagnetic polarity transition record from lavas of the Canary Islands, Spain: episodic volcanism and/or metastable transitional fields? SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Canary Islands; geomagnetic reversals; palaeointensity; palaeomagnetism; remanent magnetization; volcanic activity ID SECULAR VARIATION; REVERSAL MODELS; FLOWS; PALEOINTENSITY; INTENSITY; HISTORY; HAWAII; PATHS; AGES AB We present results from a study of a partial magnetic polarity transition record from a 9.7 Ma (40) Ar/(39) Ar dated volcanic section on the island of Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain). The record provides results that bear on the debate over whether long-term persistent features of field behaviour exist during transitions. The sampled section, containing more than 20 flows, begins after the onset of the transition. The nine lowermost flows in the section, which are all transitional, yield virtually identical directions and similar low paleointensities. Following the recovery of virtual geomagnetic pole positions (VGPs) to near the spin axis, paleointensities progress to very high values. Transitional directions lay due west, reflecting the presence of a non-zonal intermediate field. VGPs for these flows cluster in the west Atlantic, which according to Hoffman would correspond to a zone of fastest P -wave propagation in the lower mantle and to a radial flux centre of the present-day non-dipole field. Hoffman had noted a similar occurrence at two other locations. He found that in a select set of volcanic records VGPs tended to group over two areas (Australia and South America), which also corresponded to fast P -wave and non-dipole field anomalies. Given the discontinuous and irregular character typical of volcanic sequences, it is natural to question whether these clusters are merely artefacts of episodic volcanism or actually reflect standstills of the reversing field. We address this question for our record by comparing chemical and magnetomineralogic characteristics of the flows. We find that all of the transitional flows have very similar chemical and rock magnetic properties. Furthermore, these flows differ significantly from the overlying reverse flows, which give distinctly different values and much greater flow-to-flow variation. From this we conclude that the packet of transitional flows was derived from the same source and had erupted over a relatively short period of time, as reflected by a magma source that presumably did not have time to evolve significantly. While the VGP cluster in the Gomera record is consistent with long-term mantle control on transitional fields, we cannot conclude that the cluster represents a standstill of the field. These results highlight the difficulties of interpreting temporal changes in field behaviour from volcanic sequences. In addition, they provide a clear incentive for investigating physical characteristics of lavas to assess relative eruptive rates. C1 Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Inst Phys Globe, Lab Paleomagnetisme, UMR Geomagnetisme & Paleomagnetisme 7577, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Inst Prod Nat, Tenerife 38206, Spain. RP Glen, JMG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 989, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Valet, Jean-Pierre/A-6332-2011 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 154 IS 2 BP 426 EP 440 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01966.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 703EH UT WOS:000184266700011 ER PT J AU Brooks, WE AF Brooks, WE TI Mineral resources of Peru's ancient societies SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Brooks, WE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 8 BP 32 EP 33 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779XB UT WOS:000189326400019 ER PT J AU Burr, DM AF Burr, DM TI Hydraulic modelling of Athabasca Vallis, Mars SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE Mars; Athabasca Vallis; catastrophic flooding; hydraulic modelling; backwater ID MARTIAN OUTFLOW CHANNELS; LASER ALTIMETER; LAKE MISSOULA; WATER FLOWS; FLOOD LAVAS; SCABLAND AB Palaeohydraulic modelling is presented for Athabasca Vallis, the youngest known catastrophic flood channel on Mars. This modelling incorporates three significant advantages over previous modelling of Martian channels: a step-backwater hydraulic model; more accurate topography; and improved flood height indicators The maximum modelled palaeodischarge is between I X 10(6) and 2 X 10(6) m(3) s(-1) depending on the friction coefficient selected. An anomalously high palaeostage indicator suggests a region of ponded backwater in the channel in which streamlined forms were created through deposition, with the additional possibility of post-flood subsidence/lowering of the channel slope due to magma extrusion. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci & Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Burr, DM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Branch, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1623/hysj.48.4.655.51407 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 709CZ UT WOS:000184608300010 ER PT J AU Brown, RH Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Amici, S Chamberlain, MA Filacchione, G Hansen, G Hibbitts, K Showalter, M AF Brown, RH Baines, KH Bellucci, G Bibring, JP Buratti, BJ Capaccioni, F Cerroni, P Clark, RN Coradini, A Cruikshank, DP Drossart, P Formisano, V Jaumann, R Langevin, Y Matson, DL McCord, TB Mennella, V Nelson, RM Nicholson, PD Sicardy, B Sotin, C Amici, S Chamberlain, MA Filacchione, G Hansen, G Hibbitts, K Showalter, M TI Observations with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) during Cassini's flyby of Jupiter SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Jupiter; Jovian satellites; Jupiter's ring; spectroscopy; planetary atmospheres; planetary surfaces; Cassini mission ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; JOVIAN RING; CLOUD STRUCTURE; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; COHERENT BACKSCATTER; SATELLITES; SYSTEM; SURFACE; SPECTRUM; METHANE AB The Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) is an imaging spectrometer covering the wavelength range 0.3-5.2 mum in 352 spectral channels, with a nominal instantaneous field of view of 0.5 mrad. The Cassini flyby of Jupiter represented a unique opportunity to accomplish two important goals: scientific observations of the jovian system and functional tests of the VIMS instrument under conditions similar to those expected to obtain during Cassini's 4-year tour of the saturnian system. Results acquired over a complete range of visual to near-infrared wavelengths from 0.3 to 5.2 mum are presented. First detections include methane fluorescence on Jupiter, a surprisingly high opposition surge on Europa, the first visual-near-IR spectra of Himalia and Jupiter's optically-thin ring system, and the first near-infrared observations of the rings over an extensive range of phase angles (0-120degrees). Similarities in the center-to-limb profiles of H-3(+) and CH4 emissions indicate that the H-3(+) ionospheric density is solar-controlled outside of the auroral regions. The existence of jovian NH3 absorption at 0.93 mum is confirmed. Himalia has a slightly reddish spectrum, an apparent absorption near 3 mum, and a geometric albedo of 0.06+/-0.01 at 2.2 mum (assuming an 85-km radius). If the 3-mum feature in Himalia's spectrum is eventually confirmed, it would be suggestive of the presence of water in some form, either free, bound, or incorporated in layer-lattice silicates. Finally, a mean ring-particle radius of 10 mum is found to be consistent with Mie-scattering models fit to VIMS near-infrared observations acquired over 0-120degrees phase angle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CNR, Inst Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. Univ Paris, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80255 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. DLR, Inst Planetary Explorat, Berlin, Germany. Univ Hawaii, HIGP, SOEST, Honolulu, HI USA. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, Rome, Italy. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nantes, Lab Planetol & Geodynam, Nantes, France. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brown, RH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Chamberlain, Matthew/D-4805-2012; Hibbitts, Charles/B-7787-2016; OI Hibbitts, Charles/0000-0001-9089-4391; Bellucci, Giancarlo/0000-0003-0867-8679; Capaccioni, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1631-4314; Filacchione, Gianrico/0000-0001-9567-0055 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD AUG PY 2003 VL 164 IS 2 BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00134-9 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709NH UT WOS:000184630900010 ER PT J AU Kotarba, MJ Clayton, JL AF Kotarba, MJ Clayton, JL TI A stable carbon isotope and biological marker study of Polish bituminous coals and carbonaceous shales SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; stable carbon isotopes; coal; carbonaceous shales; upper carboniferous (Pennsylvanian); Polish coal basins ID SOURCE ROCKS; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; BASIN; PETROLEUM; POLAND; SEDIMENTS; GASES; OILS; COALIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB Biological marker and carbon isotopic compositions of coals and carbonaceous shales from the Upper Carboniferous strata of the Upper Silesian (USCB), Lower Silesian (LSCB), and Lublin (LCB) coal basins were determined to assess depositional conditions and sources of the organic matter. n-Alkane, sterane, and isoprenoid distribution, and carbon isotope ratios are consistent with an origin from higher plants. In some cases, pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios of carbonaceous shales (roof and floor shales) are < 1.0, while the associated coals have high ratios (much greater than 1.0). This suggests that reducing conditions prevailed during deposition of the shales, but a period of oxidizing conditions accompanied deposition of the coals. Steranes present in coal extracts are dominated by the 14alpha(H)17alpha(H)20R C-29 stereoisomers, typical, but not conclusive, of higher plant origin. Carbonaceous shales exhibit a wider range of sterane composition, suggesting local, significant input of algal organic matter. Significant amounts of benzohopanes and gammacerane are present in some coals. Although benzohopanes are present at least in small amounts in samples from many different environments, they have been reported to occur most commonly in marine environments. The present study seems to provide the first example where benzohopanes have been reported in significant amounts in terrestrial organic matter. Gammacerane is abundant in rocks or sediments deposited in carbonate or highly saline marine environments. The finding of high gammacerane concentrations in the coals expands the depositional settings in which it has been observed and questions its utility as an independent indicator of hypersaline carbonate environments. Stable carbon isotope composition of coals, and type III kerogen in carbonaceous shales as well as correlation of stable carbon isotope composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in carbonaceous shales from both the USCB and the LSCB indicate terrigenous origin. Bitumens are always co-genetic with associated coals and kerogens. Isotopic data reveal that Sofer's genetic classification of oils is not applicable to organic matter in coals. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Geol Geophys & Environm Protect, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Kotarba, MJ (reprint author), Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Geol Geophys & Environm Protect, Al Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2-4 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00082-X PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 729VY UT WOS:000185796800001 ER PT J AU Eble, CF Pierce, BS Grady, WC AF Eble, CF Pierce, BS Grady, WC TI Palynology, petrography and geochemistry of the sewickley coal bed (Monongahela group, late pennsylvanian), northern Appalachian basin, USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pennsylvanian; coal; palynology; petrography; geochemistry ID PALEOECOLOGY; CORDAITALES; ILLINOIS; FIRE AB Forty-two bench samples of the Sewickley coal bed were collected from seven localities in the northern Appalachian Basin and analyzed palynologically, petrographically, and geochemically. The Sewickley coal bed occurs in the middle of the Pittsburgh Formation (Monongahela Group) and is of Late Pennsylvanian age. Palynologically, it is dominated by spores of tree ferns. Tree fern spore taxa in the Sewickley include Punctatisporites minutus, Punctatosporites minutus, Laevigatosporites minimus, Spinosporites exiguus, Apiculatasporites saetiger, and Thymospora spp. In fact, Punctatisporites minutus was so abundant that it had to be removed from the standard counts and recorded separately (average 73.2%). Even when Punctatisporites minutus is removed from the counts, tree fern spores still dominate a majority of the assemblages, averaging 64.4%. Among the tree fern spores identified in the Sewickley coal, Thymospora exhibits temporal and spatial abundance variation. Thymospora usually increases in abundance from the base to the top of the bed. Thymospora is also more abundant in columns that are thick (>100 cm) and low in ash yield (<12.0%, dry basis). Calamite spores (e.g. Calamospora spp., Laevigatosporites minor, and L. vulgaris) are the next most abundant plant group represented in the Sewickley coal, averaging 20%. Contributions from all other plant groups are minor in comparison. Petrographically, the Sewickley coal contains high percentages of vitrinite (average 82.3%, mineral matter-free (mmf)), with structured forms being more common than unstructured forms. In contrast, liptinite and inertinite macerals both occur in low percentages (average 7.7% and 10.0%, respectively). Geochemically, the Sewickley coal has a moderate ash yield (average 12.4%) and high total sulfur content (average 3.4%). Four localities contained a high ash or carbonaceous shale bench. These benches, which may be coeval, are strongly dominated by tree fern spores. Unlike the lower ash benches, they contain low percentages of vitrinite, which mainly occurs as unstructured vitrinite, and higher liptinite and inertinite contents. The accumulated data suggest that the Sewickley paleomire was probably a rheotrophic, planar mire that had a consistent water cover. This is supported by the high vitrinite contents, moderate ash yields, and high total sulfur contents. The high ash and carbonaceous shale benches probably represent either periods of dryness and substrate exposure, or flooding of the mire surface, the duration of which is unknown. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Coal & Ind Minerals Sect, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. W Virginia Geol & Econ Surv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Eble, CF (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Geol Survey, Coal & Ind Minerals Sect, 228 Min & Minerals Bldg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 55 IS 2-4 BP 187 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00110-1 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 729VY UT WOS:000185796800008 ER PT J AU Satoh, M Kuroda, Y Yoshida, H Behney, KM Mizutani, A Akaogi, J Nacionales, DC Lorenson, TD Rosenbauer, RJ Reeves, WH AF Satoh, M Kuroda, Y Yoshida, H Behney, KM Mizutani, A Akaogi, J Nacionales, DC Lorenson, TD Rosenbauer, RJ Reeves, WH TI Induction of lupus autoantibodies by adjuvants SO JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE adjuvant; autoantibodies; lupus; pristine; squalene ID PRISTANE-INDUCED LUPUS; INCOMPLETE FREUNDS-ADJUVANT; ANTI-SM AUTOANTIBODIES; BALB/C MICE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DNA-SYNTHESIS; MURINE LUPUS; ARTHRITIS; VACCINE; CELLS AB Exposure to the hydrocarbon oil pristane induces lupus specific autoantibodies in non-autoimmune mice. We investigated whether the capacity to induce lupus-like autoimmunity is a unique property of pristane or is shared by other adjuvant oils. Seven groups of 3-month-old female BALB/cJ mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of pristane, squalene (used in the adjuvant MF59), incomplete Freund's adjuvant (ITA), three different medicinal mineral oils, or saline, respectively. Serum autoantibodies and peritoneal cytokine production were measured. In addition to pristane, the mineral oil Bayol F (IFA) and the endogenous hydrocarbon squalene both induced anti-nRNP/Sm and -Su autoantibodies (20% and 25% of mice, respectively). All of these hydrocarbons had prolonged effects on cytokine production by peritoneal APCs. However, high levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNFalpha production 2-3 months after intraperitoneal injection appeared to be associated with the ability to induce lupus autoantibodies. The ability to induce hipus autoantibodies is shared by several hydrocarbons and is not unique to pristane. It correlates with stimulation of the production of IL-12 and other cytokines, suggesting a relationship with a hydrocarbon's adjuvanticity. The potential to induce autoimmunity may complicate the use of oil adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Satoh, M (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, POB 100221,1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RI Satoh, Minoru/E-2421-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI44074]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR44731] NR 44 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0896-8411 J9 J AUTOIMMUN JI J. Autoimmun. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0896-8411(03)00083-0 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 707EF UT WOS:000184495900001 PM 12892730 ER PT J AU Gershunov, A Cayan, DR AF Gershunov, A Cayan, DR TI Heavy daily precipitation frequency over the contiguous United States: Sources of climatic variability and seasonal predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID INTRASEASONAL EXTREME RAINFALL; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE FREQUENCIES; INTERDECADAL MODULATION; REGIONAL SIMULATIONS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; ENSO INFLUENCE; SST ANOMALIES; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB By matching large-scale patterns in climate fields with patterns in observed station precipitation, this work explores seasonal predictability of precipitation in the contiguous United States for all seasons. Although it is shown that total seasonal precipitation and frequencies of less-than-extreme daily precipitation events can be predicted with much higher skill, the focus of this study is on frequencies of daily precipitation above the seasonal 90th percentile (P90), a variable whose skillful prediction is more challenging. Frequency of heavy daily precipitation is shown to respond to ENSO as well as to non-ENSO interannual and interdecadal variability in the North Pacific. Specification skill achieved by a statistical model based on contemporaneous SST forcing with and without an explicit dynamical atmosphere is compared and contrasted. Statistical models relating the SST forcing patterns directly to observed station precipitation are shown to perform consistently better in all seasons than hybrid (dynamical-statistical) models where the SST forcing is first translated to atmospheric circulation via three separate general circulation models and the dynamically computed circulation anomalies are statistically related to observed precipitation. Skill is summarized for all seasons, but in detail for January-February-March, when it is shown that predictable patterns are spatially robust regardless of the approach used. Predictably, much of the skill is due to ENSO. While the U. S. average skill is modest, regional skill levels can be quite high. It is also found that non-ENSO-related skill is significant, especially for the extreme Southwest and that this is due mostly to non-ENSO interannual and decadal variability in the North Pacific SST forcing. Although useful specification skill is achieved by both approaches, hybrid predictability is not pursued further in this effort. Rather, prognostic analysis is carried out with the purely statistical approach to analyze P90 predictability based on antecedent SST forcing. Skill at various lead times is investigated and it is shown that significant regional skill can be achieved at lead times of several months even in the absence of strong ENSO forcing. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Gershunov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sasha@ucsd.edu NR 48 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 16 IS 16 BP 2752 EP 2765 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<2752:HDPFOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 708HA UT WOS:000184560100007 ER PT J AU Coloso, RM King, K Fletcher, JW Weis, P Werner, A Ferraris, RP AF Coloso, RM King, K Fletcher, JW Weis, P Werner, A Ferraris, RP TI Dietary P regulates phosphate transporter expression, phosphatase activity, and effluent P partitioning in trout culture SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; nutrition; phytase; sodium-phosphate cotransporter; vitamin D ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; VITAMIN-D; INORGANIC-PHOSPHATE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SMALL-INTESTINE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; PHOSPHORUS UTILIZATION; MICROBIAL PHYTASE AB Phosphate utilization by fish is an important issue because of its critical roles in fish growth and aquatic environmental pollution. High dietary phosphorus (P) levels typically decrease the efficiency of P utilization, thereby increasing the amount of P excreted as metabolic waste in effluents emanating from rainbow trout aquaculture. In mammals, vitamin D-3 is a known regulator of P utilization but in fish, its regulatory role is unclear. Moreover, the effects of dietary P and vitamin D-3 on expression of enzymatic and transport systems potentially involved in phosphate utilization are little known. We therefore monitored production of effluent P, levels of plasma vitamin D-3 metabolites, as well as expression of phosphatases and the sodium phosphate cotransporter (NaPi2) in trout fed semipu diets that varied in dietary P and vitamin D-3 levels. Mean soluble P concentrations varied markedly with dietary P but not with vitamin D-3, and constituted 40-70% of total effluent P production by trout. Particulate P concentrations accounted for 25-50% of effluent P production, but did not vary with dietary P or vitamin D-3. P in settleable wastes accounted for < 10% of effluent P. The stronger effect of dietary P on effluent P levels is paralleled by its striking effects on phosphatases and NaPi2. The mRNA abundance of the intestinal and renal sodium phosphate transporters increased in fish fed low dietary P; vitamin D-3 had no effect. Low-P diets reduced plasma phosphate concentrations. Intracellular phytase activity increased but brushborder alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in the intestine, pyloric caeca, and gills of trout fed diets containing low dietary P. Vitamin D-3 had no effect on enzyme activities. Moreover, plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 and of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 were unaffected by dietary P and vitamin D-3 levels. The major regulator of P metabolism, and ultimately of levels of P in the effluent from trout culture, is dietary P. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Radiol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, NE Fishery Ctr, Dept Interior, Lamar, PA 16848 USA. Univ Newcastle, Dept Physiol Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Ferraris, RP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 173 IS 6 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s00360-003-0360-x PG 12 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 721JJ UT WOS:000185313000008 PM 12851780 ER PT J AU Zhang, RRC Ma, S Safak, E Hartzell, S AF Zhang, RRC Ma, S Safak, E Hartzell, S TI Hilbert-Huang transform analysis of dynamic and earthquake motion recordings SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Fourier analysis; earthquakes; ground motion ID 1994 NORTHRIDGE; GROUND-MOTION; SPECTRUM; CALIFORNIA AB This study examines the rationale of Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) for analyzing dynamic and earthquake motion recordings in studies of seismology and engineering. In particular, this paper first provides the fundamentals of the HHT method, which consist of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert spectral analysis. It then uses the HHT to analyze recordings of hypothetical and real wave motion, the results of which are compared with the results obtained by the Fourier data processing technique. The analysis of the two recordings indicates that the HHT method is able to extract some motion characteristics useful in studies of seismology and engineering, which might not be exposed effectively and efficiently by Fourier data processing technique. Specifically, the study indicates that the decomposed components in EMD of HHT, namely, the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, contain observable, physical information inherent to the original data. It also shows that the grouped IMF components, namely, the EMD-based low- and high-frequency components, can faithfully capture low-frequency pulse-like as well as high-frequency wave signals. Finally, the study illustrates that the HHT-based Hilbert spectra are able to reveal the temporal-frequency energy distribution for motion recordings precisely and clearly. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Zhang, RRC (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rzhang@mines.edu RI Ma, Shuo/G-8089-2011 NR 24 TC 66 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 22 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2003 VL 129 IS 8 BP 861 EP 875 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:8(861) PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 704DU UT WOS:000184323400003 ER PT J AU Woodman, N Cuartas-Calle, CA Delgado, CA AF Woodman, N Cuartas-Calle, CA Delgado, CA TI The humerus of Cryptotis colombiana and its bearing on the species' phylogenetic relationships (Soricomorpha : Soricidae) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE anatomy; Cryptotis; Insectivora; morphology; osteology ID SMALL-EARED SHREW; MAMMALIA; INSECTIVORA AB The Colombian small-eared shrew, Cryptotis colombiana Woodman and Timm, was described from the Colombian Andes in 1993. Its original allocation to the C. nigrescens group recently was questioned based on several cranial characters the species appeared to share with some members of the C. thomasi group. We review characteristics of the C. nigrescens and C. thomasi groups, and we describe the humerus of C. colombiana and the humerus and manus of C. medellinia. The morphology of the humerus joins the suite of characters that supports the hypotheses that C. colombiana is not a member of the C. thomasi group and that all remaining South American species form a cohesive, definable set that is probably monophyletic. C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Univ Antioquia, Inst Biol, Medellin 1226, Colombia. RP Woodman, N (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC 111, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM woodman.neal@nmnh.si.edu OI Woodman, Neal/0000-0003-2689-7373 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 832 EP 839 DI 10.1644/BME-007 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 718MC UT WOS:000185149300004 ER PT J AU Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Szykman, M Holekamp, KE AF Boydston, EE Kapheim, KM Szykman, M Holekamp, KE TI Individual variation in space use by female spotted hyenas SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE carnivores; Crocuta; geographic information system; home range; hyena; utilization distribution ID HYAENAS CROCUTA-CROCUTA; JUVENILE RANK RELATIONS; HOME-RANGE; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; COMMUTING SYSTEM; MIGRATORY PREY; PREDATOR COPES; TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; NATIONAL-PARK; PATTERNS AB Large carnivores range more widely than many other terrestrial mammals, and this behavior tends to bring them into frequent conflict with humans. Within any carnivore population, individual variation in patterns of space use should be expected to make some animals more vulnerable than others to risks of mortality from humans and other sources. In this study, our goal was to document variation among individuals in space use by female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). We examined predictions of hypotheses suggesting that space use by female hyenas is affected by reproductive state, social rank, and local prey abundance. Home-range size, distance at which females were found from the current communal den, and distance at which they were found from the nearest territorial boundary all varied significantly with the 3 independent variables. Females with den-dwelling cubs had smaller home ranges, were found closer to the communal den, and were found farther from the territorial boundary than were females with no den-dwelling cubs. Neither social rank nor prey availability significantly influenced the space-use patterns of females with den-dwelling cubs. Among females with no den-dwelling cubs, high-ranking females had smaller home ranges, were closer to the communal den, and were farther from the territorial boundary than were low-ranking females. The females ranging most widely were low-ranking individuals with no den-dwelling cubs when they were observed during periods of prey scarcity. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Golden Gate Field Stn, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Boydston, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Golden Gate Field Stn, 1063 Ft Cronkhite,Bldg 1063, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM ehoydston@usgs.gov RI Holekamp, Kay/G-6054-2010 NR 55 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 1006 EP 1018 DI 10.1644/BOS-038 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 718MC UT WOS:000185149300021 ER PT J AU Hacker, BR Andersen, TB Root, DB Mehl, L Mattinson, JM Wooden, JL AF Hacker, BR Andersen, TB Root, DB Mehl, L Mattinson, JM Wooden, JL TI Exhumation of high-pressure rocks beneath the Solund Basin, Western Gneiss Region of Norway SO JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Eclogite Conference CY SEP 02-04, 2001 CL NIIHAMA, JAPAN DE eclogite; exhumation; Norway; Solund; ultrahigh pressure ID PB ZIRCON AGES; STAVFJORD OPHIOLITE COMPLEX; SM-ND AGES; SCANDINAVIAN CALEDONIDES; NORWEGIAN CALEDONIDES; EXTENSIONAL COLLAPSE; ECLOGITE TRANSITION; DEVONIAN BASINS; SOUTHERN-NORWAY; W NORWAY AB The Solund-Hyllestad-Lavik area affords an excellent opportunity to understand the ultrahigh-pressure Scandian orogeny because it contains a near-complete record of ophiolite emplacement, high-pressure metamorphism and large-scale extension. In this area, the Upper Allochthon was intruded by the c. 434 Ma Sogneskollen granodiorite and thrust eastward over the Middle/Lower Allochthon, probably in the Wenlockian. The Middle/Lower Allochthon was subducted to c. 50 km depth and the structurally lower Western Gneiss Complex was subducted to eclogite facies conditions at c. 80 km depth by c. 410-400 Ma. Within < 5-10 Myr, all these units were exhumed by the Nordfjord-Sogn detachment zone, producing shear strains > 100. Exhumation to upper crustal levels was complete by c. 403 Ma. The Solund fault produced the last few km of tectonic exhumation, bringing the near-ultrahigh-pressure rocks to within c. 3 km vertical distance from the low-grade Solund Conglomerate. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Geol, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hacker, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Hacker, Bradley/E-7750-2011; Andersen, Torgeir Bjorge/B-4285-2013 OI Andersen, Torgeir Bjorge/0000-0003-3834-7061 NR 71 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4929 J9 J METAMORPH GEOL JI J. Metamorph. Geol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 613 EP 629 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00468.x PG 17 WC Geology SC Geology GA 706RK UT WOS:000184467500011 ER PT J AU Scholz, CA King, JW Ellis, GS Swart, PK Stager, JC Colman, SM AF Scholz, CA King, JW Ellis, GS Swart, PK Stager, JC Colman, SM TI Paleolimnology of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, over the past 100 k yr SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT GSA 2000 Technical Session CY 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA DE Lake Tanganyika; East Africa; paleolimnology; paleoclimatology ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; SEISMIC DATA; RIFT SYSTEM; HOLOCENE; HISTORY; LEVEL; CLIMATE; FLUCTUATIONS; STRATIGRAPHY; PRECESSION AB New sediment core data from a unique slow-sedimentation rate site in Lake Tanganyika contain a much longer and continuous record of limnological response to climate change than have been previously observed in equatorial regions of central Africa. The new core site was first located through an extensive seismic reflection survey over the Kavala Island Ridge (KIR), a sedimented basement high that separates the Kigoma and Kalemie Basins in Lake Tanganyika. Proxy analyses of paleoclimate response carried out on core T97-52V include paleomagnetic and index properties, TOC and isotopic analyses of organic carbon, and diatom and biogenic silica analyses. A robust age model based on 11 radiocarbon (AMS) dates indicates a linear, continuous sedimentation rate nearly an order of magnitude slower here compared to other core sites around the lake. This age model indicates continuous sedimentation over the past 79 k yr, and a basal age in excess of 100 k yr. The results of the proxy analyses for the past similar to 20 k yr are comparable to previous studies focused on that interval in Lake Tanganyika, and show that the lake was about 350 m lower than present at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Repetitive peaks in TOC and corresponding drops in delta(13)C over the past 79 k yr indicate periods of high productivity and mixing above the T97-52V core site, probably due to cooler and perhaps windier conditions. From similar to 80 through similar to 58 k yr the delta(13)C values are relatively negative(-26 to -28%) suggesting predominance of algal contributions to bottom sediments at this site during this time. Following this interval there is a shift to higher values of d13C, indicating a possible shift to C-4 pathway-dominated grassland-type vegetation in the catchment, and indicating cooler, dryer conditions from similar to 55 k yr through the LGM. Two seismic sequence boundaries are observed at shallow stratigraphic levels in the seismic reflection data, and the upper boundary correlates to a major discontinuity near the base of T97-52V. We interpret these discontinuities to reflect major, prolonged drops in lake level below the core site (393 m), with the lower boundary correlating to marine oxygen isotope Stage 6. This suggests that the previous glacial period was considerably cooler and more arid in the equatorial tropics than was the last glacial period. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Paul Smiths Coll, Paul Smiths, NY 12970 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Scholz, CA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Ellis, Geoffrey/G-8970-2011; Swart, Peter/K-7041-2016; OI Ellis, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4519-3320 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 30 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1023/A:1025522116249 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 718BY UT WOS:000185126300004 ER PT J AU Battaglin, WA Thurman, EM Kalkhoff, SJ Porter, SD AF Battaglin, WA Thurman, EM Kalkhoff, SJ Porter, SD TI Herbicides and transformation products in surface waters of the Midwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; hydrology; ground water; nonpoint source pollution ID IN-GROUND WATER; CHLOROACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACID METABOLITES; SPRING FLUSH; VADOSE ZONE; DEGRADATION; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; DEETHYLATRAZINE AB Most herbicides applied to crops are absorbed by plants or transformed (degraded) in the soil, but small fractions are lost from fields and either move to streams in overland runoff, near surface flow, or subsurface drains, or they infiltrate slowly to ground water. Herbicide transformation products (TPs) can be more or less mobile and more or less toxic in the environment than their source herbicides. To obtain information on the concentrations of selected herbicides and TPs in surface waters of the Midwestern United States, 151 water samples were collected from 71 streams and five reservoir outflows in 1998. These samples were analyzed for 13 herbicides and 10 herbicide TPs. Herbicide TPs were found to occur as frequently or more frequently than source herbicides and at concentrations that were often larger than their source herbicides. Most samples contained a mixture of more than 10 different herbicides or TPs. The ratios of TPs to herbicide concentrations can be used to determine the source of herbicides in streams. Results of a two-component mixing model suggest that on average 90 percent or more of the herbicide mass in Midwestern streams during early summer runoff events originates from the runoff and 10 percent or less comes from increased ground water discharge. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Battaglin, WA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 415, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011; OI Kalkhoff, Stephen/0000-0003-4110-1716 NR 66 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 743 EP 756 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04402.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100001 ER PT J AU Ator, SW Olsen, AR Pitchford, AM Denver, JM AF Ator, SW Olsen, AR Pitchford, AM Denver, JM TI Application of a multipurpose unequal probability stream survey in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE statistical analysis; stream survey design; sampling design; site replacement; land use; water quality; aquatic ecosystems; Atlantic Coastal Plain ID AQUATIC RESOURCES; UNITED-STATES; LAND-COVER; CHEMISTRY AB A stratified, spatially balanced sample with unequal probability selection was used to design a multipurpose survey of headwater streams in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Objectives for the survey include unbiased estimates of regional stream conditions, and adequate coverage of unusual but significant environmental settings to support empirical modeling of the factors affecting those conditions. The design and field application of the survey are discussed in light of these multiple objectives. A probability (random) sample of 175 first-order nontidal streams was selected for synoptic sampling of water chemistry and benthic and riparian ecology during late winter and spring 2000. Twenty-five streams were selected within each of seven hydrogeologic subregions (strata) that were delineated on the basis of physiography and surficial geology. In each subregion, unequal inclusion probabilities were used to provide an approximately even distribution of streams along a gradient of forested to developed (agricultural or urban) land in the contributing watershed. Alternate streams were also selected. Alternates were included in groups of five in each subregion when field reconnaissance demonstrated that primary streams were inaccessible or otherwise unusable. Despite the rejection and replacement of a considerable number of primary streams during reconnaissance (up to 40 percent in one subregion), the desired land use distribution was maintained within each hydrogeologic subregion without sacrificing the probabilistic design. C1 US Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. US Geol Survey, Dover, DE 19901 USA. RP Ator, SW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04412.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100011 ER PT J AU Asquith, WH Bumgarner, JR Fahlquist, LS AF Asquith, WH Bumgarner, JR Fahlquist, LS TI A triangular. model of dimensionless runoff producing rainfall hyetographs in Texas SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; hyetograph; design storm; small watersheds ID DESIGN HYETOGRAPHS; STORM HYETOGRAPHS; PATTERNS AB A synthetic triangular hyetograph for a large data base of Texas rainfall and runoff is needed. A hyetograph represents the temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at a point or over a watershed during a storm. Synthetic hyetographs are estimates of the expected time distribution for a design storm and principally are used in small watershed hydraulic structure design. A data base of more than 1,600 observed cumulative hyetographs that produced runoff from 91 small watersheds (generally less than about 50 km(2)) was used to provide statistical parameters for a simple triangular shaped hyetograph model. The model provides an estimate of the average hyetograph in dimensionless form for storm durations of 0 to 24 hours and 24 to 72 hours. As a result of this study, the authors concluded that the expected dimensionless cumulative hyetographs of 0 to 12 hour and 12 to 24 hour durations were sufficiently similar to be combined with minimal information loss. The analysis also suggests that dimensionless cumulative hyetographs are independent of the frequency level or return period of total storm depth and thus are readily used for many design applications. The two triangular hyetographs presented are intended to enhance small watershed design practice in applicable parts of Texas. C1 US Geol Survey, Austin, TX 78754 USA. Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78754 USA. RP Asquith, WH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8027 Exchange Dr, Austin, TX 78754 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 39 IS 4 BP 911 EP 921 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04415.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 715KP UT WOS:000184971100014 ER PT J AU Mallinson, D Hine, A Hallock, P Locker, S Shinn, E Naar, D Donahue, B Weaver, D AF Mallinson, D Hine, A Hallock, P Locker, S Shinn, E Naar, D Donahue, B Weaver, D TI Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: response to sea level and climate change SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbonate bank; reefs; Dry Tortugas; Florida Keys; multibeam bathymetry; coral reef growth; Holocene climate ID MISSISSIPPI-RIVER FLOOD; NORTH-AMERICA; LOOP CURRENT; GULF; SENSITIVITY; CIRCULATION; SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; MEXICO; RECORD AB Geophysical and coring data from the Dry Tortugas, Tortugas Bank, and Riley's Hump on the southwest Florida margin reveal the stratigraphic framework and growth history of these carbonate banks. The Holocene reefs of the Dry Tortugas and Tortugas Bank are approximately 14 and 10 m thick, respectively, and are situated upon Pleistocene reefal edifices. Tortugas Bank consists of the oldest Holocene corals in the Florida Keys with earliest coral recruitment occurring at similar to9.6 cal ka. Growth curves for the Tortugas Bank reveal slow growth (<1 mm/yr) until 6.2 cal ka, then a rapid increase to 3.4 mm/yr, until shallow reef demise at similar to4.2 cal ka. Coral reef development at the Dry Tortugas began at similar to6.4 cal ka. Aggradation at the Dry Tortugas was linear, and rapid (similar to3.7 mm/yr) and kept pace with sea-level change. The increase in aggradation rate of Tortugas Bank at 6.2 cal ka is attributed to the growth of the Dry Tortugas reefs, which formed a barrier to inimical shelf water. Termination of shallow (<15 in below sea level) reef growth at Tortugas Bank at similar to4.2 cal ka is attributed to paleoclimate change in the North American interior that increased precipitation and fluvial discharge. Reef growth rates and characteristics are related to the rate of sea-level rise relative to the position of the reef on the shelf margin, and are additionally modified by hydrographic conditions related to climate change. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal Geol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Mallinson, D (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD AUG 1 PY 2003 VL 199 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00141-5 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 707TX UT WOS:000184526900005 ER PT J AU Grenne, T Slack, JF AF Grenne, T Slack, JF TI Bedded jaspers of the Ordovician Lokken ophiolite, Norway: seafloor deposition and diagenetic maturation of hydrothermal plume-derived silica-iron gels SO MINERALIUM DEPOSITA LA English DT Article DE jasper; gels; hydrothermal; diagenesis; volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; MASSIVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT; EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; CENTRAL NORWEGIAN CALEDONIDES; SI OXYHYDROXIDE DEPOSITS; WESTERN WOODLARK BASIN; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FRANKLIN SEAMOUNT; FE AB Sedimentary beds of jasper (red hematitic chert) in the Ordovician Lokken ophiolite of Norway are closely associated with volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits. The jaspers occur in the immediate hangingwall and laterally peripheral to the large Lokken (25-30 Mt) and small Hoydal (0.1 Mt) VMS deposits, and are exposed discontinuously for several kilometres along strike. Massive or laminated types predominate; jasper-sulphide debris-flow deposits are also abundant near VMS deposits. The jaspers contain hematite-rich laminae showing soft-sediment deformation structures and microtextural evidence that record the presence of a colloidal precursor and an origin as gels. Early textures include: (1) straight or curved chains of hematitic filaments 3-10 mum in diameter and 20-100 mum long; (2) branching networks of 15-25 mum-thick, tubular structures surrounded by cryptocrystalline hematite and filled with quartz and euhedral hematite; (3) small (up to 10 mum) spherules composed of cryptocrystalline hematite and silica; and (4) up to 50 mum silica spherules with hematitic cores. The small filaments seem to have been deposited in varying proportions in the primary laminae, possibly together with hematitic and siliceous microspheroids. Diagenetic changes are represented by polygonal syneresis cracks, and the presence of cryptocrystalline (originally opaline) silica, chalcedony, quartz, carbonate and cryptocrystalline hematite and/or goethite forming botryoidal masses and spheroids <10 μm to 5 mm in diameter. Coarser euhedral grains of quartz, carbonate, and hematite are integral parts of these textures. Bleached, silica-rich jaspers preserve only small relics of fine-grained hematite-rich domains, and locally contain sparse pockets composed of coarse euhedral hematite&PLUSMN;epidote. The jaspers are interpreted to record colloidal fallout from one or more hydrothermal plumes, followed by maturation (ageing) of an Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel, on and beneath the Ordovician sea floor. Small hematitic filaments in the jaspers reflect bacteria-catalysed oxidation of Fe2+ within the plume. The larger tubular filaments resulted from either microbial activity or inorganic self-organized mineral growth of Fe-oxyhydroxide within the Si-Fe-oxyhydroxide gel after deposition on the sea floor, prior to more advanced maturation of the gel as represented by the spheroidal and botryoidal silica-hematite textures. Bleaching and hematite&PLUSMN;epidote growth are interpreted to reflect heat and fluids generated during deposition of basaltic sheet flows on top of the gels. C1 Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA USA. RP Grenne, T (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, Leiv Eirikssons Vei 39, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NR 85 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0026-4598 J9 MINER DEPOSITA JI Miner. Depos. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 625 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s00126-003-0346-3 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 719WP UT WOS:000185228300007 ER PT J AU Murphy, MA Waits, LP Kendall, KC AF Murphy, MA Waits, LP Kendall, KC TI The influence of diet on faecal DNA amplification and sex identification in brown bears (Ursus arctos) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet; faecal DNA; noninvasive genetic sampling; PCR; sex identification; Ursus arctos ID MOLECULAR TRACKING; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; FECES; REGION; BLACK; PCR AB To evaluate the influence of diet on faecal DNA amplification, 11 captive brown bears (Ursus arctos ) were placed on six restricted diets: grass (Trifolium spp., Haplopappus hirtus and Poa pratensis ), alfalfa (Lupinus spp.), carrots (Daucus spp.), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ), blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) and salmon (Salmo spp.). DNA was extracted from 50 faecal samples of each restricted diet, and amplification of brown bear DNA was attempted for a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus and nuclear DNA (nDNA) locus. For mtDNA, no significant differences were observed in amplification success rates across diets. For nDNA, amplification success rates for salmon diet extracts were significantly lower than all other diet extracts (P < 0.001). To evaluate the accuracy of faecal DNA sex identification when female carnivores consume male mammalian prey, female bears were fed male white-tailed deer. Four of 10 extracts amplified, and all extracts were incorrectly scored as male due to amplification of X and Y-chromosome fragments. The potential biases highlighted in this study have broad implications for researchers using faecal DNA for individual and sex identification, and should be evaluated in other species. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. USGS No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Glacier Field Stn, Glacier Natl Pk, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP Waits, LP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM lwaits@uidaho.edu RI Murphy, Melanie/D-2605-2009 NR 20 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2261 EP 2265 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01863.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 701QJ UT WOS:000184178000019 PM 12859644 ER PT J AU Dauble, DD Hanrahan, TP Geist, DR Parsley, MJ AF Dauble, DD Hanrahan, TP Geist, DR Parsley, MJ TI Impacts of the Columbia River hydroelectric system on main-stem habitats of fall Chinook salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE; SNAKE RIVER; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATIONS; STEELHEAD; ECOLOGY; CONTEXT; STREAMS; PATTERN; FLOW AB Salmonid habitats in main-stem reaches of the Columbia and Snake rivers have changed dramatically during the past 60 years because of hydroelectric development and operation. Only about 13% and 58% of riverine habitats in the Columbia and Snake rivers, respectively, remain. Most riverine habitat is found in the upper Snake River; however, it is upstream of Hells Canyon Dam and not accessible to anadromous salmonids. We determined that approximately 661 and 805 km of the Columbia and Snake rivers, respectively, were once used by fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha for spawning. Fall chinook salmon currently use only about 85 km of the main-stem Columbia River and 163 kin of the main-stem Snake River for spawning. We used a geomorphic model to identify three river reaches downstream of present migration barriers with high potential for restoration of riverine processes: the Columbia River upstream of John Day Dam, the Columbia-Snake-Yakima River confluence, and the lower Snake River upstream of Little Goose Dam. Our analysis substantiated the assertion that historic spawning areas for fall chinook salmon occurred primarily within wide alluvial floodplains, which were once common in the mainstem Columbia and Snake rivers. These areas possessed more unconsolidated sediment and more bars and islands and had lower water surface slopes than did less extensively used areas. Because flows in the main stem are now highly regulated, the predevelopment alluvial river ecosystem is not expected to be restored simply by operational modification of one or more dams. Establishing more normative flow regimes-specifically, sustained peak flows for scouring-is essential to restoring the functional characteristics of existing, altered habitats. Restoring production of fall chinook salmon to any of these reaches also requires that population genetics and viability of potential seed populations (i.e., from tributaries, tailrace spawning areas, and hatcheries) be considered. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. RP Dauble, DD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 68 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 641 EP 659 DI 10.1577/M02-013 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600001 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Guy, CS Schultz, RD Stephen, JL AF Quist, MC Guy, CS Schultz, RD Stephen, JL TI Latitudinal comparisons of walleye growth in North America and factors influencing growth of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; WESTERN LAKE ERIE; YELLOW PERCH; CONSUMPTION; ZOOPLANKTON; CENTRARCHID; MODEL; FISH AB We compared the growth of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in Kansas to that of other populations throughout North America and determined the effects of the abundance of gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and temperature on the growth of walleyes in Kansas reservoirs. Age was estimated from scales and otoliths collected from walleyes (N = 2,072) sampled with gill nets from eight Kansas reservoirs during fall in 1991-1999. Age-0 gizzard shad abundance was indexed based on summer seining information, and temperature data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Parameter estimates of von Bertalanffy growth models indicated that the growth of walleyes in Kansas was more similar to that of southern latitude populations (e.g., Mississippi and Texas) than to that of northern (e.g., Manitoba, Minnesota and South Dakota) or middle latitude (e.g., Colorado and Iowa) populations. Northern and middle latitude populations had lower mean back-calculated lengths at age 1, lower growth coefficients, and greater longevity than southern and Kansas populations. A relative growth index (RGI; [L-t/L-s] X 100, where L, is the observed length at age and L, is the age-specific standard length derived from a pooled von Bertalanffy growth model) and standardized percentile values (percentile values of mean back-calculated lengths at age) indicated that the growth of walleyes in Kansas was above average compared with that of other populations in North America. The annual growth increments of Kansas walleyes were more variable among years than among reservoirs. The growth increments of age-0 and age-1 walleyes were positively related to the catch rates of gizzard shad smaller than 80 mm, whereas the growth of age-2 and age-3 walleyes was inversely related to mean summer air temperature. Our results provide a framework for comparing North American walleye populations, and our proposed RGI provides a simple, easily interpreted index of growth. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 42 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 677 EP 692 DI 10.1577/M02-050 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600003 ER PT J AU Holliman, FM Reynolds, JB Kwak, TJ AF Holliman, FM Reynolds, JB Kwak, TJ TI A predictive risk model for electroshock-induced mortality of the endangered cape fear shiner SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; STREAM FISHES; UNITED-STATES AB We evaluated the effects of a single electroshock on injury and mortality of hatchery-reared Cape Fear shiners Notropis mekistocholas (N = 517), an endangered cyprinid. Groups of 18-22 Cape Fear shiners were exposed to DC, 120-Hz pulsed DC (PDC), or 60-Hz PDC at voltage gradients of 1.1, 1.9, or 2.7 V/cm for 3 s. Mortality occurred only among fish exposed to 120-Hz PDC (25%) and DC (38%) applied at 2.7 V/cm. Because no mortality occurred in Cape Fear shiners exposed to 60-Hz PDC, this waveform was selected for further study of electroshock duration (3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 s) and voltage gradient (0.9, 1.6, or 2.3 V/cm). Most fish electroshocked in the experiments were immobilized (ceased swimming motion). No physical injury was detected by necropsy or radiography in any fish. Electroshock-induced mortality of Cape Fear shiners showed a strong multivariable relationship to voltage gradient, electroshock duration, and fish length. Fish subjected to 60-Hz PDC at 0.9 or 1.6 V/cm for 6 s experienced low mortality (<10%). Our results demonstrate that Cape Fear shiners can be immobilized by 60-Hz PDC electroshock without injury or significant risk of mortality. We propose that electrofishing may be safely used to sample similar small cyprinids, imperiled or otherwise, when electrofishers select an appropriate waveform (DC pulsed at 60-Hz or less) and use it judiciously (minimal exposure at, or below, the immobilization threshold). C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holliman, FM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 905 EP 912 DI 10.1577/M02-009 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600022 ER PT J AU Smith, SG Muir, WD Hockersmith, EE Zabel, RW Graves, RJ Ross, CV Connor, WP Arnsberg, BD AF Smith, SG Muir, WD Hockersmith, EE Zabel, RW Graves, RJ Ross, CV Connor, WP Arnsberg, BD TI Influence of river conditions on survival and travel time of Snake River subyearling fall chinook salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; TURBIDITY; BEHAVIOR; CONSUMPTION; TEMPERATURE; ANIMALS AB From 1995 to 2000, subyearling fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha reared at Lyons Ferry Hatchery were PIT-tagged at the hatchery, trucked upstream, acclimated, and released into free-flowing sections of the Snake River weekly from early June to mid-July. We estimated survival probabilities and travel time through the lower Snake River and detection probabilities at dams for each weekly release group. The average median time between release and arrival at Lower Granite Dam was 43.5 d. For each group, we split this time into two nearly equal (on average) periods: one when most fish in the group were rearing and one when most fish had apparently begun active seaward migration. The estimated survival for hatchery fish from release to the tailrace of Lower Granite Dam decreased with release date each year. The estimated survival through this reach was significantly correlated with three environmental variables: survival decreased as discharge ("flow") decreased, as water transparency increased, and as water temperature increased. Because the environmental variables were highly correlated among themselves, we were unable to determine whether any factors were more important than the others. All three factors have plausible biological consequences for rearing and actively migrating fish, and survival is probably influenced by all of them and possibly by interactions among them as well. Summer flow augmentation will increase discharge and decrease water temperature (provided the additional water is not too warm) and probably increase the speed of seaward migration of smolts, all of which are beneficial to the recovery of threatened Snake River fall chinook salmon. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ahsahka, ID 83520 USA. Nez Perce Tribe, Dept Fisheries Resource Management, Orofino Field Off, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. RP Smith, SG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 939 EP 961 DI 10.1577/M02-039 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600025 ER PT J AU Holliman, FM Reynolds, JB Kwak, TJ AF Holliman, FM Reynolds, JB Kwak, TJ TI Electroshock-induced injury and mortality in the spotfin chub, a threatened minnow SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The effects of AC and pulsed DC (PDC) electroshock on mortality and injury (vertebral damage and hemorrhage) of spotfin chub Cyprinella monacha, a threatened minnow, were evaluated in a laboratory experiment. Groups of 18-20 captive-reared fish were either designated as a control or exposed for 3 s to one of five electrical treatments (60-Hz AC at a peak-to-peak voltage gradient of 1.7, 2.5, or 3.3 V/cm or 60-Hz PDC at a peak voltage gradient of 2.5 or 5.0 V/cm). Immobilization, which renders fish susceptible to capture during electrofishing, was the predominant response evoked in the groups exposed to electroshock, with the exception of the 1.7-V/cm AC group. No injury was detected in any fish in the experiment. Mortality was 10% or less in groups exposed to AC, regardless of voltage gradient. There was no significant variation in mortality among the groups exposed to AC (P = 0.487-1.00). Mortality varied significantly in the groups exposed to 60-Hz PDC (2.5 V/cm [0%] versus 5.0 V/cm [25%]; P = 0.047). Our results indicate that electroshocking with 60-Hz AC and 60-Hz PDC may be safe for capturing spotfin chub when voltage (thus, voltage gradient) is limited to the immobilization threshold and the exposure period to 3 s. However, AC should be used only in low-conductivity waters (e.g., <80 muS/cm). C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Holliman, FM (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 962 EP 966 DI 10.1577/M02-052 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600026 ER PT J AU Ramstad, KM Woody, CA AF Ramstad, KM Woody, CA TI Radio tag retention and tag-related mortality among adult sockeye salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; TRANSMITTERS; MOVEMENTS; RIVER; TROUT AB Tag retention and tag-related mortality are concerns for any tagging study but are rarely estimated. We assessed retention and mortality rates for esophageal radio tag implants in adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Migrating sockeye salmon captured at the outlet of Lake Clark, Alaska, were implanted with one of four different radio tags (14.5 X 43 turn [diameter x length], 14.5 X 49 mm, 16 x 46 mm, and 19 x 51 mm). Fish were observed for 15 to 35 d after tagging to determine retention and mortality rates. The overall tag retention rate was high (0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-1.00; minimum, 33 d), with one loss of a 19-mm x 51-mm tag. Mortality of tagged sockeye salmon (0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08) was similar to that of untagged controls (0.03 [0-0.15]). Sockeye salmon with body lengths (mid-eye to tail fork) of 585-649 mm retained tags as large as 19 x 51 rum and those with body lengths of 499-628 mm retained tags as small as 14.5 x 43 mm for a minimum of 33 d with no increase in mortality. The tags used in this study represent a suite of radio tags that vary in size, operational life, and cost but that are effective in tracking adult anadromous salmon with little tag loss or increase in fish mortality. C1 Univ Montana, Wild Trout & Salmon Genet Lab, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Ramstad, KM (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wild Trout & Salmon Genet Lab, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM kristina@selway.umt.edu RI Ramstad, Kristina/G-3728-2014 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 978 EP 982 DI 10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023<0978:RTRATM>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600029 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Stonecypher, RW Hayes, MC AF Zimmerman, CE Stonecypher, RW Hayes, MC TI Migration of precocious male hatchery chinook salmon in the Umatilla River, Oregon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OTOLITH STRONTIUM; FISH OTOLITHS; CALCIUM RATIOS; FRESH-WATER; MICROCHEMISTRY; MATURATION; CHEMISTRY; HISTORY; TEMPERATURE AB Between 1993 and 2000, precocious yearling males of hatchery-produced fall and spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha composed 3.6-82.1% of chinook salmon runs to the Umatilla River, Oregon. These yearling males are smaller than typical jack salmon, which spend a full winter in the ocean, and are commonly referred to as "minijacks." Minijack fall chinook salmon are characterized by enlarged testes and an increased gonadosomatic index. Our goal was to determine if minijacks migrated to saltwater between the time they are released from the hatchery and the time they return to the Umatilla River, a period of 4-6 months. During 1999-2000, we collected otoliths from an adult male fall chinook salmon, 12 spring chinook salmon minijacks, and 10 fall chinook salmon minijacks. We measured strontium :calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios from the age-1 annulus to the edge of the otolith to determine whether these fish had migrated to the ocean. The Sr:Ca ratios increased from low values near the age-1 annulus, similar to ratios expected from freshwaters, to higher values near the edge of the otolith. The Sr:Ca ratios increased to levels similar to ratios expected in saltwater, indicating that these fish had migrated to saltwater before returning to the Umatilla River. Analysis of published water chemistry data from the Columbia and Snake rivers and rearing experiments in the main-stem Columbia River confirmed that high Sr:Ca ratios measured in otoliths were not the result of high strontium levels encountered in the freshwater environment. Previously assumed to remain within freshwater and near the point of release, our results suggest these minijack salmon migrated at least 800 km and past three hydroelectric dams to reach saltwater and return to the Umatilla River. C1 US Geol Survey, W Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, W Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM czimmerman@usgs.gov OI HAYES, MICHAEL/0000-0002-9060-0565; Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1006 EP 1014 DI 10.1577/M02-015 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600034 ER PT J AU Vandergoot, CS Bettoli, PW AF Vandergoot, CS Bettoli, PW TI Relative contribution of stocked walleyes in Tennessee reservoirs SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; YELLOW PERCH; LAKE; OXYTETRACYCLINE; PREDATION; ALEWIVES; MARKING; LARVAL; FRY AB Since the mid-1950s, fisheries biologists with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency have stocked walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in several tributary reservoirs of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers to augment declining native stocks; however, the efficacy of these management actions has never been formally evaluated. The contribution of stocked walleyes in four Tennessee reservoirs was evaluated during 1999 and 2000 by marking fry and fingerlings through oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion. Stocking densities were 13-48 fingerlings/ha, and marking efficacy was high for fish marked as fry (mean = 98%; SE = 1.7%) and fingerlings (mean = 99%; SE = 0.6%). Nearly all (94-100%; N = 509) of the age-1 and age-2 walleyes collected in the four reservoirs were OTC-marked. Based on these findings, fingerling walleyes must be stocked annually to sustain the walleye populations in these tributary impoundments. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Vandergoot, CS (reprint author), Sandusky Fisheries Res Stn, Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, 305 E Shoreline Dr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1036 EP 1041 DI 10.1577/M02-090 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 717VN UT WOS:000185111600038 ER PT J AU Casula, P Nichols, JD AF Casula, P Nichols, JD TI Temporal variability of local abundance, sex ratio and activity in the Sardinian chalk hill blue butterfly SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; model selection; Polyommatus coridon gennargenti; robust design; temperature ID MATURE DAMSELFLY POPULATIONS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; ROBUST DESIGN; LEPIDOPTERA; EMIGRATION; LYCAENIDAE; SAMPLES AB When capturing and marking of individuals is possible, the application of newly developed capture-recapture models can remove several sources of bias in the estimation of population parameters such as local abundance and sex ratio. For example, observation of distorted sex ratios in counts or captures can reflect either different abundances of the sexes or different sex-specific capture probabilities, and capture-recapture models can help distinguish between these two possibilities. Robust design models and a model selection procedure based on information-theoretic methods were applied to study the local population structure of the endemic Sardinian chalk hill blue butterfly, Polyommatus coridon gennargenti. Seasonal variations of abundance, plus daily and weather-related variations of active populations of males and females were investigated. Evidence was found of protandry and male pioneering of the breeding space. Temporary emigration probability, which describes the proportion of the population not exposed to capture (e.g., absent from the study area) during the sampling process, was estimated, differed between sexes, and was related to temperature, a factor known to influence animal activity. The correlation between temporary emigration and average daily temperature suggested interpreting temporary emigration as inactivity of animals. Robust design models were used successfully to provide a detailed description of the population structure and activity in this butterfly and are recommended for studies of local abundance and animal activity in the field. C1 Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Biol Sperimentale, Sez Genet, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Casula, P (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Biol Sperimentale, Sez Genet, Viale Poetto 1, I-09126 Cagliari, Italy. OI Casula, Paolo/0000-0003-3873-6761 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD AUG PY 2003 VL 136 IS 3 BP 374 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1288-2 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711RZ UT WOS:000184756000006 PM 12827487 ER PT J AU McCutchan, JH Lewis, WM Kendall, C McGrath, CC AF McCutchan, JH Lewis, WM Kendall, C McGrath, CC TI Variation in trophic shift for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID MARINE AMPHIPODS; FOOD WEBS; DIET; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-C-13; DELTA-N-15; TISSUES; N-15; ENRICHMENT; TURNOVER AB Use of stable isotope ratios to trace pathways of organic matter among consumers requires knowledge of the isotopic shift between diet and consumer. Variation in trophic shift among consumers can be substantial. For data from the published literature and supplementary original data (excluding fluid-feeding consumers), the mean isotopic shift for C was + 0.5 +/- 0.13parts per thousand rather than 0.0parts per thousand, as commonly assumed. The shift for C was higher for consumers analyzed as muscle (+ 1.3 +/- 0.30parts per thousand) than for consumers analyzed whole (+ 0.3 +/- 0.14parts per thousand). Among consumers analyzed whole, the trophic shift for C was lower for consumers acidified prior to analysis (- 0.2 +/- 0.21parts per thousand) than for unacidified samples (+ 0.5 +/- 0.17parts per thousand). For N, trophic shift was lower for consumers raised on invertebrate diets (+ 1.4 +/- 0.21parts per thousand) than for consumers raised on other high-protein diets (+ 3.3 +/- 0.26parts per thousand) and was intermediate for consumers raised on plant and algal diets (+ 2.2 +/- 0.30parts per thousand). The trophic shift for S differed between high-protein (+ 2.0 +/- 0.65parts per thousand) and low-protein diets (45 +/- 0.56parts per thousand). Thus, methods of analysis and dietary differences can affect trophic shift for consumers; the utility of stable isotope methods can be improved if this information is incorporated into studies of trophic relationships. Although few studies of stable isotope ratios have considered variation in the trophic shift, such variation is important because small errors in estimates of trophic shift can result in large errors in estimates of the contribution of sources to consumers or in estimates of trophic position. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Limnol, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McCutchan, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Limnol, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 58 TC 1193 Z9 1224 U1 37 U2 345 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD AUG PY 2003 VL 102 IS 2 BP 378 EP 390 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12098.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704CA UT WOS:000184319100016 ER PT J AU Fahnestock, JT Larson, DL Plumb, GE Detling, JK AF Fahnestock, JT Larson, DL Plumb, GE Detling, JK TI Effects of ungulates and prairie dogs on seed banks and vegetation in a North American mixed-grass prairie SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Badlands National Park; bison; black-tailed prairie dogs; grazing; mixed-grass prairie; plant species composition; seed banks ID PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SHORTGRASS RANGE; BISON; DISTURBANCES; RECRUITMENT; RESPONSES; BIOMASS AB The relationship between vegetation cover and soil seed banks was studied in five different ungulate herbivore-prairie dog treatment combinations at three northern mixed-grass prairie sites in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. There were distinct differences in both the seed bank composition and the aboveground vegetation between the off-prairie dog colony treatments and the on-colony treatments. The three on-colony treatments were similar to each other at all three sites with vegetation dominated by the forbs Dyssodia papposa, Hedeoma spp., Sphaeralcea coccinea, Conyza canadensis, and Plantago patagonica and seed banks dominated by the forbs Verbena bracteata and Dyssodia papposa. The two off-colony treatments were also similar to each other at all three sites. Vegetation at these sites was dominated by the grasses Pascopyrum smithii, Bromus tectorum and Bouteloua gracilis and the seed banks were dominated by several grasses including Bromus tectorum, Monroa squarrosa, Panicum capillare, Sporobolus cryptandra and Stipa viridula. A total of 146 seedlings representing 21 species germinated and emerged from off-colony treatments while 3069 seedlings comprising 33 species germinated from on-colony treatments. Fifteen of the forty species found in soil seed banks were not present in the vegetation, and 57 of the 82 species represented in the vegetation were not found in the seed banks. Few dominant species typical of mixed-grass prairie vegetation germinated and emerged from seed banks collected from prairie dog colony treatments suggesting that removal of prairie dogs will not result in the rapid reestablishment of representative mixed-grass prairie unless steps are taken to restore the soil seed bank. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Minnesota, USGS, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fahnestock, JT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Detling, James/I-1691-2013; OI Larson, Diane/0000-0001-5202-0634 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 167 IS 2 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1023/A:1023929627168 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 684KC UT WOS:000183204300007 ER PT J AU Dougherty, EM Fulton, DC Anderson, DH AF Dougherty, EM Fulton, DC Anderson, DH TI The influence of gender on the relationship between wildlife value orientations, beliefs, and the acceptability of lethal deer control in Cuyahoga Valley National Park SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE deer management; gender; wildlife values ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; MANAGEMENT; JUDGMENTS; COLORADO AB This study examines how wildlife value orientations, attitudes, and gender influence acceptance of lethal actions to control deer in Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Ohio. Data were collected from female and male residents (n=659) in a nine-county area, the primary service area of the park. Females and males demonstrated significant differences in their wildlife value orientations, attitudes toward lethal deer control, beliefs about the outcome of lethal deer control, and perceived personal impacts of lethal deer control. Gender also acted as a moderator of the relationship between values, beliefs and attitudes. Results indicate that a focus on understanding differences between males and females is essential to public participation in decision making concerning this and similar issues. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Grad Program Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Fulton, DC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 16 IS 7 BP 603 EP 623 DI 10.1080/08941920390201381 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 694TK UT WOS:000183790300003 ER PT J AU Post, LS Schlarbaum, SE van Manen, F Cecich, RA Saxton, AM Schneider, JF AF Post, LS Schlarbaum, SE van Manen, F Cecich, RA Saxton, AM Schneider, JF TI Development of hardwood seed zones for Tennessee using a geographic information system SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE hardwood; seed zone; adaptation; geographic information system; Tennessee ID DOUGLAS-FIR; GUIDELINES AB For species that have no or limited information on genetic variation and adaptability to normative sites, there is a need for seed collection guidelines based on biological, climatological, and/or geographical criteria. Twenty-eight hardwood species are currently grown for reforestation purposes at the East Tennessee State Nursery. The majority of these species have had no genetic testing to define guidelines for seed collection location and can be distributed to sites that have a very different environment than that of seed origin(s). Poor survival and/or growth may result if seedlings are not adapted to environmental conditions at the planting location. To address this problem, 30 yr of Tennessee county precipitation and minimum temperature data were analyzed and grouped using a centroid hierarchical cluster analysis. The weather data, and elevational data were entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and separately layered over Bailey's Ecoregions to develop a seed zone system for Tennessee. The seed zones can be used as a practical guideline for collecting seeds to ensure that the resulting seedlings will be adapted to planting environments. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Res Div, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Expt Stn, Stat & Comp Serv, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Schlarbaum, SE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 172 EP 175 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713ZA UT WOS:000184886800005 ER PT J AU Yun, SS Scott, AP Bayer, JM Seelye, JG Close, DA Li, WM AF Yun, SS Scott, AP Bayer, JM Seelye, JG Close, DA Li, WM TI HPLC and ELISA analyses of larval bile acids from Pacific and western brook lampreys SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE bile acids; lamprey; pheromone; ELISA; HPLC ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS L; MALE SEA LAMPREY; PHEROMONE; TRIDENTATA; CANADA; SALTS AB Comparative studies were performed on two native lamprey species, Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) and western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) from the Pacific coast along with sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Great Lakes, to investigate their bile acid production and release. HPLC and ELISA analyses of the gall bladders and liver extract revealed that the major bile acid compound from Pacific and western brook larval lampreys was petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), previously identified as a migratory pheromone in larval sea lamprey. An ELISA for PZS has been developed in a working range of 20 pg-10 ng per well. The tissue concentrations of PZS in gall bladder were 127.40, 145.86, and 276.96 mug/g body mass in sea lamprey, Pacific lamprey, and western brook lamprey, respectively. Releasing rates for PZS in the three species were measured using ELISA to find that western brook and sea lamprey released PZS 20 times higher than Pacific lamprey did. Further studies are required to determine whether PZS is a chemical cue in Pacific and western brook lampreys. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Tribal Fisheries Program, Dept Nat Resources, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Li, WM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI li, weiming /E-4652-2011; Li, Weiming /D-9615-2013; OI Li, Weiming /0000-0001-5437-1518; Scott, Alexander Pickering/0000-0002-5540-1317 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD AUG PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 515 EP 523 DI 10.1016/S0039-128X(03)00088-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 713FH UT WOS:000184846100004 PM 12906936 ER PT J AU Bao, HM Reheis, MC AF Bao, HM Reheis, MC TI Multiple oxygen and sulfur isotopic analyses on water-soluble sulfate in bulk atmospheric deposition from the southwestern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE atmospheric deposition; sulfate; stable isotopic compositions; O-17 anomaly; desert varnish; dust ID ANOMALOUS O-17 COMPOSITIONS; ROCK-VARNISH; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DUST DEPOSITION; AEROSOL; ORIGIN; PRECIPITATION; DELTA-O-17; OXIDATION; NITRATE AB Sulfate is a major component of bulk atmospheric deposition ( including dust, aerosol, fog, and rain). We analyzed sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of water-soluble sulfate from 40 sites where year-round dust traps collect bulk atmospheric deposition in the southwestern United States. Average sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions (delta(34)S and delta(18)O) are 5.8 +/- 1.4 (CDT) and 11.2 +/- 1.9 (SMOW) (n = 47), respectively. Samples have an oxygen 17 anomaly (Delta(17)O), with an average value of 1.0 +/- 0.6%. Except for a weak positive correlation between Delta(18)O and Delta(17)O values (r(2) approximate to 0.4), no correlation exists for delta(18)O versus delta(34)S, Delta(17)O versus delta(34)S, or any of the three isotopic compositions versus elevation of the sample site. Exceptional positive Delta(17)O values ( up to 4.23%) are found in samples from sites in the vicinity of large cities or major highways, and near-zero Delta(17)O values are found in samples close to dry lakes. Comparison of isotopic values of dust trap sulfate and desert varnish sulfate from the region reveals that varnish sulfate has average isotopic values that are similar to4.8% lower for delta(18)O, similar to2.1% higher for delta(34)S, and similar to0.3% lower for Delta(17)O than those of the present-day bulk deposition sulfate. Although other factors could cause the disparity, this observation suggests a possibility that varnish sulfate may have recorded a long-term atmospheric sulfate deposition during the Holocene or Pleistocene, as well as the differences between sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of the preindustrial bulk deposition sulfate and those of the industrial era. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Geol Survey, Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Bao, HM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, E235 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bao@lsu.edu; mreheis@usgs.gov RI Bao, Huiming/C-1069-2012 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D19 AR 4430 DI 10.1029/2002JD003022 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710WZ UT WOS:000184707000004 ER PT J AU Dawson, TE McGill, SF Rockwell, TK AF Dawson, TE McGill, SF Rockwell, TK TI Irregular recurrence of paleoearthquakes along the central Garlock fault near El Paso Peaks, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE paleoseismology; recurrence; faulting; Garlock; Mojave ID NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; AGE CALIBRATION; FREMONT VALLEY; EARTHQUAKES; ZONE; PROGRAM; FAILURE; BASE AB [ 1] New investigations at the El Paso Peaks paleoseismic site have refined and extended the record of paleoearthquakes for the central Garlock fault. Event evidence, in the form of buried fissures, scarps, folds, and upward terminations, has allowed us to identify six well-resolved earthquakes, designated as events W, U, R, Q, K, and F, within the last similar to 7000 years. The exposures that we excavated did not reveal additional evidence for three poorly resolved events reported by McGill and Rockwell [ 1998]. Evidence for event Y, identified in the previous study, was reexamined and found not to be a paleoearthquake. Radiocarbon dates of detrital charcoal, combined with a method of interpolating the event ages with revised sedimentation rates, provide our preferred constraints on the timing of faulting events. The most recent surface-rupturing earthquake, event W, occurred between A. D. 1450 and 1640. The penultimate event U occurred between A. D. 675 and 950. Event R, which was unrecognized in the previous study, occurred between A. D. 250 and 475. Event Q occurred relatively shortly before event R, between A. D. 25 and 275. Event K occurred between 3340 and 2930 B. C. The oldest identified paleoearthquake, event F, occurred between 5300 and 4670 B. C. The event ages indicate that earthquake recurrence is highly irregular at the El Paso Peaks site, with individual preferred intervals ranging from as little as 215 years to as many as 3300 years. The irregular recurrence of surface-rupturing earthquakes along the central Garlock fault may be related to temporal and spatial clustering of earthquakes proposed for faults in the Eastern California Shear Zone. C1 US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Geol Sci, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Dawson, TE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM tedawson@usgs.gov NR 31 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B7 AR 2356 DI 10.1029/2001JB001744 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 710XY UT WOS:000184709200001 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Masterlark, T Dzurisin, D Rykhus, R Wicks, C AF Lu, Z Masterlark, T Dzurisin, D Rykhus, R Wicks, C TI Magma supply dynamics at Westdahl volcano, Alaska, modeled from satellite radar interferometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE interferometric synthetic aperture radar; InSAR; Westdahl volcano; deformation dynamics; volcano monitoring ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; OKMOK VOLCANO; SURFACE; SUBSIDENCE; ETNA; INFLATION; ERUPTION; CALIFORNIA AB [1] A group of satellite radar interferograms that span the time period from 1991 to 2000 shows that Westdahl volcano, Alaska, deflated during its 1991 - 1992 eruption and is reinflating at a rate that could produce another eruption within the next several years. The rates of inflation and deflation are approximated by exponential decay functions having time constants of about 6 years and a few days, respectively. This behavior is consistent with a deep, constant-pressure magma source connected to a shallow reservoir by a magma-filled conduit. An elastic deformation model indicates that the reservoir is located about 6 km below sea level and beneath Westdahl Peak. We propose that the magma flow rate through the conduit is governed by the pressure gradient between the deep source and the reservoir. The pressure gradient, and hence the flow rate, are greatest immediately after eruptions. Pressurization of the reservoir decreases both the pressure gradient and the flow rate, but eventually the reservoir ruptures and an eruption or intrusion ensues. The eruption rate is controlled partly by the pressure gradient between the reservoir and surface, and therefore it, too, decreases with time. When the supply of eruptible magma is exhausted, the eruption stops, the reservoir begins to repressurize at a high rate, and the cycle repeats. This model might also be appropriate for other frequently active volcanoes with stable magma sources and relatively simple magma storage systems. C1 SAIC, EROS Data Ctr, US Geol Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, David A Johnston Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), SAIC, EROS Data Ctr, US Geol Survey, 47914,252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lu@usgs.gov; masterlark@usgs.gov; dzurisin@usgs.gov; rykhus@usgs.gov; cwicks@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B7 AR 2354 DI 10.1029/2002JB002311 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 710XY UT WOS:000184709200005 ER PT J AU Kurpius, MR Panek, JA Nikolov, NT McKay, M Goldstein, AH AF Kurpius, MR Panek, JA Nikolov, NT McKay, M Goldstein, AH TI Partitioning of water flux in a Sierra Nevada ponderosa pine plantation SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE drought stress; transpiration; conductance ID MIDDAY STOMATAL CLOSURE; HEAT PULSE METHOD; MEDITERRANEAN TYPE SCLEROPHYLLS; SIMULATED HABITAT CONDITIONS; SAP-FLOW; GAS-EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARITIME PINE AB The weather patterns of the west side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (cold, wet winters and hot, dry summers) strongly influence how water is partitioned between transpiration and evaporation and result in a specific strategy of water use by ponderosa pine trees (Pinus ponderosa) in this region. To investigate how year-round water fluxes were partitioned in a young ponderosa pine ecosystem in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, water fluxes were continually measured from June 2000 to May 2001 using a combination of sap flow and eddy covariance techniques (above- and below-canopy). Water fluxes were modeled at our study site using a biophysical model, FORFLUX. During summer and fall water fluxes were equally partitioned between transpiration and soil evaporation while transpiration dominated the water fluxes in winter and spring. The trees had high rates of canopy conductance and transpiration in the early morning and mid-late afternoon and a mid-day depression during the dry season. We used a diurnal centroid analysis to show that the timing of high canopy conductance and transpiration relative to high vapor pressure deficit (D) shifted with soil moisture: during periods of low soil moisture canopy conductance and transpiration peaked early in the day when D was low. Conversely, during periods of high soil moisture canopy conductance and transpiration peaked at the same time or later in the day than D. Our observations suggest a general strategy by the pine trees in which they maximize stomatal conductance, and therefore carbon fixation, throughout the day on warm sunny days with high soil moisture (i.e. warm periods in winter and late spring) and maximize stomatal conductance and carbon fixation in the morning through the dry periods. FORFLUX model estimates of evaporation and transpiration were close to measured/calculated values during the dry period, including the drought, but underestimated transpiration and overestimated evaporation during the wet period. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kurpius, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forestry, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM meredith.kurpius@orst.edu; jpanek@nature.berkeley.edu; nikolov10@attbi.com; megan@nature.berkeley.edu; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu RI Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011 OI Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896 NR 66 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S1068-1923(03)00062-5 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694QH UT WOS:000183785100004 ER PT J AU Huntington, TG AF Huntington, TG TI Climate warming could reduce runoff significantly in New England, USA SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; evapotranspiration; water balance; runoff; forest hydrology ID UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; SNOW COVER; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; CANADA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN AB The relation between mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and evapotranspiration (ET) for 38 forested watersheds was determined to evaluate the potential increase in ET and resulting decrease in stream runoff that could occur following climate change and lengthening of the growing season. The watersheds were all predominantly forested and were located in eastern North America, along a gradient in MAT from 3.5 degreesC in New Brunswick, CA, to 19.8 degreesC in northern Florida. Regression analysis for MAT versus ET indicated that along this gradient ET increased at a rate of 2.85 cmdegreesC(-1) increase in MAT (+/-0.96 cmdegreesC(-1), 95% confidence limits). General circulation models (GCM) using current mid-range emission scenarios project global MAT to increase by about 3degreesC during the 21st century. The inferred, potential, reduction in annual runoff associated with a 3degreesC increase in MAT for a representative small coastal basin and an inland mountainous basin in New England would be 11-13%. Percentage reductions in average daily runoff could be substantially larger during the months of lowest flows (July-September). The largest absolute reductions in runoff are likely to be during April and May with smaller reduction in the fall. This seasonal pattern of reduction in runoff is consistent with lengthening of the growing season and an increase in the ratio of rain to snow. Future increases in water use efficiency (WUE), precipitation, and cloudiness could mitigate part or all of this reduction in runoff but the full effects of changing climate on WUE remain quite uncertain as do future trends in precipitation and cloudiness. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Huntington, TG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 52 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00063-7 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694QH UT WOS:000183785100005 ER PT J AU England, JF Jarrett, RD Salas, JD AF England, JF Jarrett, RD Salas, JD TI Data-based comparisons of moments estimators using historical and paleoflood data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE flood frequency analysis; estimation; historical information; paleoflood data; Expected Moments Algorithm ID FLOOD FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; HYDROLOGY; COLORADO; RIVER; INFORMATION; ALGORITHM; HOLOCENE; ARIZONA AB This paper presents the first systematic comparison, using historical and paleoflood data, of moments-based flood frequency methods. Peak flow estimates were compiled from streamflow-gaging stations with historical and/or paleoflood data at 36 sites located in the United States, Argentina, United Kingdom and China, covering a diverse range of hydrologic conditions. The Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) and the Bulletin 17B historical weighting procedure (B 17H) were compared in terms of goodness of fit using 25 of the data sets. Results from this comparison indicate that EMA is a viable alternative to current B 17H procedures from an operational perspective, and performed equal to or better than B 17H for the data analyzed. We demonstrate satisfactory EMA performance for the remaining 11 sites with multiple thresholds and binomial censoring, which B 17H cannot accommodate. It is shown that the EMA estimator readily incorporates these types of information and the LP-III distribution provided an adequate fit to the data in most cases. The results shown here are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation studies, and demonstrate that EMA is preferred overall to B 17H. The Bulletin 17B document could be revised to include an option for EMA as an alternative to the existing historical weighting approach. These results are of practical relevance to hydrologists and water resources managers for applications in floodplain management, design of hydraulic structures, and risk analysis for dams. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP England, JF (reprint author), US Bur Reclamat, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25007,D-8530, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI England, John/C-9987-2014 OI England, John/0000-0001-5563-6274 NR 87 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 172 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00141-0 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 701ZF UT WOS:000184198300013 ER PT J AU Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW Huntington, TG AF Hodgkins, GA Dudley, RW Huntington, TG TI Changes in the timing of high river flows in New England over the 20th Century SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE streamflow; trend detection; spring; fall; variability; climate change ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; STREAMFLOW; VARIABILITY; TIME AB The annual timing of river flows is a good indicator of climate-related changes, or lack of changes, for rivers with long-term data that drain unregulated basins with stable land use. Changes in the timing of annual winter/spring (January 1 to May 3 1) and fall (October 1 to December 3 1) center of volume dates were analyzed for 27 rural, unregulated river gaging stations in New England, USA with an average of 68 years of record. The center of volume date is the date by which half of the total volume of water for a given period of time flows past a river gaging station, and is a measure of the timing of the bulk of flow within the time period. Winter/spring center of volume (WSCV) dates have become significantly earlier (p < 0.1) at all 11 river gaging stations in areas of New England where snowmelt runoff has the most effect on spring river flows. Most of this change has occurred in the last 30 years with dates advancing by 1-2 weeks. WSCV dates were correlated with March through April air temperatures (r = -0.72) and with January precipitation (r = -0.37). Three of 16 river gaging stations in the remainder of New England had significantly earlier WSCV dates. Four out of 27 river gaging stations had significantly earlier fall center of volume dates in New England. Changes in the timing of winter/spring and fall peak flow dates were consistent with the changes in the respective center of volume dates, given the greater variability in the peak flow dates. Changes in the WSCV dates over the last 30 years are consistent with previous studies of New England last-frost dates, lilac bloom dates, lake ice-out dates, and spring air temperatures. This suggests that these New England spring geophysical and biological changes all were caused by a common mechanism, temperature increases. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Hodgkins, GA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 196 Whitten Rd, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. OI Huntington, Thomas/0000-0002-9427-3530 NR 30 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 1-4 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00155-0 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 701ZF UT WOS:000184198300017 ER PT J AU Mateo, R Beyer, WN Spann, JW Hoffman, DJ Ramis, A AF Mateo, R Beyer, WN Spann, JW Hoffman, DJ Ramis, A TI Relationship between oxidative stress, pathology, and behavioral signs of lead poisoning in mallards SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; N-ACETYLCYSTEINE; S-TRANSFERASE; ASCORBIC-ACID; CANADA GEESE; RAT-BRAIN AB Some of the adverse effects of lead (Pb) may be associated with oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, or DNA. In a previous study a linkage was observed between the susceptibilities of waterfowl species to Pb poisoning with oxidative stress. To investigate this relationship among the individuals of a single species, for 3 A 4 groups of 12 mallards were fed diets containing high or low levels of vitamin F (20 or 220 Ul/kg) and high or low levels of Pb (0 or 2 g/kg). During the first week of Pb exposure, mallards developed hemolytic anemia, and during the second week, signs of neurological impairment. Histological findings in the Pb-exposed mallards were hemosiderosis, demyelinization of sciatic and brachial nerves, and tumefaction of renal tubular epithelium with the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Lipid peroxidation increased with Pb exposure in blood, liver, bile, and brain, but decreased in nerves. Glutathione (GSH) increased with Pb exposure in liver and bile, and its oxidized/reduced ratio only increased in bile. Pb exposure inhibited GSH peroxidase activity (GPX) in plasma, liver, and brain, and decreased protein thiols (PSH) in blood and liver. Vitamin F resulted in significantly lower lipid peroxidation in nerves of control birds relative to unsupplemented controls, but did not alleviate any sign of lead posioning. Pb-induced pathological changes associated with hepatic and nervous functions were significantly correlated with lower GPX activity and PSH concentrations in these tissues rather than lipid peroxidation. Data suggest that inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and interaction with sulfhydryl groups of proteins may play a more important role in Pb poisoning of waterfowl than lipid peroxidation. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet Med, Toxicol Lab, Bellaterra, Spain. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Med & Surg, Bellaterra, Spain. RP Mateo, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Vet, Toxicol Lab, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RI Mateo, Rafael/A-3117-2011 OI Mateo, Rafael/0000-0003-1307-9152 NR 53 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 14 BP 1371 EP 1389 DI 10.1080/15287390390199220 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 701TB UT WOS:000184184100006 PM 12851117 ER PT J AU Waythomas, CF Watts, P AF Waythomas, CF Watts, P TI Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by pryoclastic flow at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES; WAVE TRANSFORMATION; ERUPTION; BREAKING; ENTRANCE; RUNUP; SEA AB [1] Pyroclastic flows entering the sea are plausible mechanisms for tsunami generation at volcanic island arcs worldwide. We evaluate tsunami generation by pyroclastic flow using an example from Aniakchak volcano in Alaska where evidence for tsunami inundation coincident with a major, caldera-forming eruption of the volcano ca. 3.5 ka has been described. Using a numerical model, we simulate the tsunami and compare the results to field estimates of tsunami run up. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Appl Fluids Engn Inc, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA. RP Waythomas, CF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 14 AR 1751 DI 10.1029/2003GL017220 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 709DQ UT WOS:000184609800002 ER PT J AU Banks, MA Eichert, W Olsen, JB AF Banks, MA Eichert, W Olsen, JB TI Which genetic loci have greater population assignment power? SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; DNA MARKERS; INDIVIDUALS AB WHICHLOCI is a program that determines the relative discriminatory power of alternate genetic loci and loci combinations for population assignment of individuals. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Conservat Genet Lab, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Banks, MA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 13 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1436 EP 1438 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg172 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 707CH UT WOS:000184491500019 PM 12874058 ER PT J AU Jenni, L Kery, M AF Jenni, L Kery, M TI Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change: advances in long-distance migrants, delays in short-distance migrants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; migrating birds; timing of migration; migration AB As a response to increasing spring temperature in temperate regions in recent years, populations of many plant and animal species, including migratory birds, have advanced the seasonal start of their reproduction or growth. However, the effects of climate changes on subsequent events of the annual cycle remain poorly understood. We investigated long-term changes in the timing of autumn migration in birds, a key event in the annual cycle limiting the reproductive period. Using data spanning a 42-year period, we analysed long-term changes in the passage of 65 species of migratory birds through Western Europe. The autumn passage of migrants wintering south of the Sahara has advanced in recent years, presumably as a result of selection pressure to cross the Sahel before its seasonal dry period. In contrast, migrants wintering north of the Sahara have delayed autumn passage. In addition, species with a variable rather than a fixed number of broods per year have delayed passage, possibly because they are free to attempt more broods. Recent climate changes seem to have a simple unidirectional effect on the seasonal onset of reproduction, but complex and opposing effects on the timing of subsequent events in the annual cycle, depending on the ecology and life history of a species. This complicates predictions of overall effects of global warming on avian communities. C1 Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Jenni, L (reprint author), Swiss Ornithol Inst, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland. EM lukas.jenni@vogelwarte.ch NR 28 TC 166 Z9 177 U1 13 U2 121 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 270 IS 1523 BP 1467 EP 1471 DI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2394 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 703GW UT WOS:000184272500006 PM 12965011 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Strandberg, B Augspurger, T Hites, RA AF Dodder, NG Strandberg, B Augspurger, T Hites, RA TI Lipophilic organic compounds in lake sediment and American coot (Fulica americana) tissues, both affected and unaffected by avian vacuolar myelinopathy SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE avian vacuolar myelinopathy; sediment; avian tissues; organic compounds ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENT; SYSTEM; FISH AB Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a disease of unknown etiology, which has been diagnosed in a variety of birds from surface water reservoirs in the southeastern United States. Pathology suggests a natural or anthropogenic compound may be the cause of this disease. With the goal of identifying the toxicant that causes AVM, we qualitatively analyzed sediments and American coot (Fulica americana) tissues from reservoirs that were affected and unaffected by AVM using high-resolution gas chromatographic low-resolution mass spectrometry. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and biogenic and anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as retene) were the most abundant compounds in the sediment. Penta- and hexachlorobenzene, oxychlordane, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, and polychlorinated biphenyls were the most abundant compounds in the avian tissues. None of these compounds were more abundant in the AVM affected sediments and tissues than in the unaffected media. Therefore, it is unlikely that any of these compounds are the cause of this avian disease. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. RP Hites, RA (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 311 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00682-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700AW UT WOS:000184091300007 PM 12826385 ER PT J AU Sipkin, SA Silver, PG AF Sipkin, SA Silver, PG TI Characterization of the time-dependent strain field at seismogenic depths using first-motion focal mechanisms: Observations of large-scale decadal variations in stress along the San Andreas Fault system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE strain field; focal mechanism; stress variation; San Andreas Fault; time dependence ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SLIP DATA; DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKES; MOMENT AB We present a method for summing moment tensors derived from first-motion focal mechanisms to study temporal dependence in features of the subsurface regional strain field. Time-dependent processes are inferred by comparing mechanisms summed over differing time periods. We apply this methodology to seismogenic zones in central and southern California using focal mechanisms produced by the Northern and Southern California Seismograph Networks for events during 1980-1999. We find a consistent pattern in both the style of deformation (strike-slip versus compressional) and seismicity rate across the entire region. If these temporal variations are causally related, it suggests a temporal change in the regional-scale stress field. One change consistent with the observations is a rotation in the regional maximum horizontal compressive stress direction, followed by a reversal to the original direction. Depending upon the dominant style of deformation locally, this change in orientation of the regional stress will tend to either enhance or hinder deformation. The mode of enhanced deformation can range from increased microseismicity and creep to major earthquakes. We hypothesize that these temporal changes in the regional stress field are the result of subtle changes in apparent relative plate motion between the Pacific and North American plates, perhaps due to long-range postseismic stress diffusion. Others have hypothesized that small changes in plate motion over thousands of years, and/or over decades, are responsible for changes in the style of deformation in southern California. We propose that such changes, over the course of just a few years, also affect the style of deformation. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Sipkin, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 967,Box 25046,DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM Sipkin@usgs.gov; silver@dtm.ciw.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B7 AR 2339 DI 10.1029/2002JB002064 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 825VU UT WOS:000221787500001 ER PT J AU Pecher, IA Holbrook, WS Sen, MK Lizarralde, D Wood, WT Hutchinson, DR Dillon, WP Hoskins, H Stephen, RA AF Pecher, IA Holbrook, WS Sen, MK Lizarralde, D Wood, WT Hutchinson, DR Dillon, WP Hoskins, H Stephen, RA TI Seismic anisotropy in gas-hydrate- and gas-bearing sediments on the Blake Ridge, from a walkaway vertical seismic profile SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY AB [1] We present results from an analysis of anisotropy in marine sediments using walkaway vertical seismic profiles from the Blake Ridge, offshore South Carolina. We encountered transverse isotropy (TI) with a vertical symmetry axis in a gas-hydrate-bearing unit of clay and claystone with Thomsen parameters epsilon = 0.05 +/- 0.02 and delta = 0.04 +/- 0.06. TI increased to epsilon = 0.16 +/- 0.04 and delta = 0.19 +/- 0.12 in the underlying gas zone. Rock physics modeling suggests that the observed TI is caused by a partial alignment of clay particles rather than high-velocity gas-hydrate veins. Similarly, the increase of TI in the gas zone is not caused by thin low-velocity gas layers but rather, we speculate, by the sharp contrast between seismic properties of an anisotropic sediment frame and elongated gas-bearing pore voids. Our results underscore the significance of anisotropy for integrating near-vertical and wide-angle seismic data. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pecher, IA (reprint author), Geol & Nucl Sci, POB 30-368, Wellington, New Zealand. RI Sen, Mrinal/G-5938-2010; Sen, Mrinal /B-5426-2011; Holbrook, W. Steven/G-9800-2011; Pecher, Ingo/D-9379-2012 OI Holbrook, W. Steven/0000-0003-0065-8841; NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 14 AR 1733 DI 10.1029/2003GL017477 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 708ZC UT WOS:000184599400003 ER PT J AU Smith, RA Alexander, RB Schwarz, GE AF Smith, RA Alexander, RB Schwarz, GE TI Natural background concentrations of nutrients in streams and rivers of the conterminous United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; WATERSHEDS; TRANSPORT; EXPORT; YIELDS; CYCLE; SIZE AB Determining natural background concentrations of nutrients in watersheds in the developed world has been hampered by a lack of pristine sampling sites covering a range of climatic conditions and basin sizes. Using data from 63 minimally impacted U.S. Geological Survey reference basins, we developed empirical models of the background yield of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from small watersheds as functions of annual runoff, basin size, atmospheric nitrogen deposition rate, and region-specific factors. We applied previously estimated in-stream loss rates to yields from the small watershed models to obtain estimates of background TN and TP yield and concentration throughout the stream/river network in 14 ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Background TN concentration varies from less than 0.02 mg L-1 in the xeric west to more than 0.5 mg L-1 along the southeastern coastal plain. Background TP concentration varies from less than 0.006 mg L-1 in the xeric west to more than 0.08 mg L-1 in the great plains. TN concentrations in U.S. streams and rivers currently exceed natural background levels by a much larger factor (6.4) than do TP concentrations (2.0). Because of local variation in runoff and other factors, the range of background nutrient concentrations is very large within some nutrient ecoregions. It is likely that background concentrations in some streams in these regions exceed proposed nutrient criteria. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. RP Smith, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. NR 31 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3039 EP 3047 DI 10.1021/es020663b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702QF UT WOS:000184234000001 PM 12901648 ER PT J AU Koschinsky, A Hein, JR AF Koschinsky, A Hein, JR TI Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ferromanganese crust; heavy metal; seawater; speciation; solid-phase association; sequential leaching; surface reactions ID PITCAIRN ISLAND HOTSPOT; TRACE-METAL SPECIATION; CENTRAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; NORTH FIJI BASIN; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; OXIDE DEPOSITS; AMORPHOUS IRON; MAJOR ELEMENTS AB Marine Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide crusts form by precipitation of dissolved components from seawater. Three hydrogenetic crust samples (one phosphatized) and two hydrothermal Mn-oxide samples were subjected to a sequential-leaching procedure in order to determine the host phases of 40 elements. Those host-phase associations are discussed with respect to element speciation in seawater. The partitioning of elements between the two major phases, Mn oxide and Fe oxyhydroxide, can in a first-order approximation be explained by a simple sorption model related to the inorganic speciation of the elements in seawater, as has been proposed in earlier models. Free and weakly complexed cations, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Tl(I), and partly Y, are sorbed preferentially on the negatively charged surface of the MnO2 in hydrogenetic crusts. The driving force is a strong coulombic interaction. All neutral or negatively charged chloro (Cd, Hg, Tl), carbonate (Cu, Y, Ph, and U), and hydroxide (Be. Se, Ti, Fe, Zr, Nb, In, Sri, Sb, Te, Hf, Ta, Bi, Th, and Tl(III)) complexes and oxyanions (V, Cr, As, Se, Mo, and W) bind to the slightly positively charged surface of the amorphous FeOOH phase. While coulombic interaction can explain the sorption of the negatively charged species, the binding of neutral species is based on specific chemical interaction. Organic complexation of elements in deep-ocean water seems to be at most of minor importance. Surface oxidation can explain some strong metal associations, e.g. of Co and Tl with the MnO2 and Te with the FeOOH. Sorption reactions initially driven by coulombic forces are often followed by the formation of specific bonds between the adsorbate and the atoms of the oxide surface. Differences in the associations of some metals between the non-phosphatized and phosphatized hydrogenetic crusts and between the hydrogenetic and the hydrothermal samples reflect the different physico-chemical environments of formation and speciations in oxic seawater vs. less-oxic fluids, especially for the redox-sensitive metals such as Mo and V. These environmental-related differences indicate that the methodology of chemical speciation used here in combination with spectroscopic methods may allow for the detection of changes in paleoceanographic conditions recorded during the several tens of millions of years of crust growth. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28725 Bremen, Germany. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Koschinsky, A (reprint author), Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, POB 750561, D-28725 Bremen, Germany. RI Koschinsky, Andrea /R-2927-2016 OI Koschinsky, Andrea /0000-0002-9224-0663 NR 105 TC 135 Z9 153 U1 6 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 198 IS 3-4 BP 331 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00122-1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 700QF UT WOS:000184122100008 ER PT J AU Joughin, I Rignot, E Rosanova, CE Lucchitta, BK Bohlander, J AF Joughin, I Rignot, E Rosanova, CE Lucchitta, BK Bohlander, J TI Timing of recent accelerations of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; WEST ANTARCTICA; ICE STREAMS; MASS-BALANCE; MODEL; SHEET; FLOW AB [1] We have used Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data and sequential Landsat imagery to identify and temporally constrain two acceleration events on Pine Island Glacier (PIG). These two events are separated by a period of at least seven years (1987-1994). The change in discharge between two flux gates indicates that the majority of the increase in discharge associated with the second acceleration originates well inland (>80 km) from the grounding line. An analysis indicates that changes in driving stress consistent with observed thinning rates are sufficient in magnitude to explain much of the acceleration. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Joughin, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 300-235, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI Joughin, Ian/A-2998-2008; Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014 OI Joughin, Ian/0000-0001-6229-679X; Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481 NR 28 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 13 AR 1706 DI 10.1029/2003GL017609 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 704KJ UT WOS:000184338600005 ER PT J AU Leslie, DJ Hamilton, MJ AF Leslie, DJ Hamilton, MJ TI Multitude of reference styles delays publication SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Leslie, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 404 Life Sci W, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6945 BP 127 EP 128 DI 10.1038/424127c PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 699AA UT WOS:000184032700014 PM 12853924 ER PT J AU Scanlon, BR Keese, K Reedy, RC Simunek, J Andraski, BJ AF Scanlon, BR Keese, K Reedy, RC Simunek, J Andraski, BJ TI Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE paleoclimate; chloride mass balance; unsaturated zone; unsaturated flow modeling ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; UNSATURATED SOILS; MOJAVE DESERT; POROUS-MEDIA; GREAT-BASIN; HEAT FLUXES; VARIABILITY; DIFFUSION; EQUATION AB [1] An understanding of unsaturated flow and potential recharge in interdrainage semiarid and arid regions is critical for quantification of water resources and contaminant transport. We evaluated system response to paleoclimatic forcing using water potential and Cl profiles and modeling of nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow and Cl transport at semiarid (High Plains, Texas) and arid (Chihuahuan Desert, Texas; Amargosa Desert, Nevada) sites. Infiltration in response to current climatic forcing is restricted to the shallow (similar to0.3-3 m) subsurface. Subsurface Cl accumulations correspond to time periods of 9-90 kyr. Bulge-shaped Cl profiles generally represent accumulation during the Holocene (9-16 kyr). Lower Cl concentrations at depth reflect higher water fluxes (0.04-8.4 mm/yr) during the Pleistocene and earlier times. Low water potentials and upward gradients indicate current drying conditions. Nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations indicate that upward flow for at least 1-2 kyr in the High Plains and for 12-16 kyr at the Chihuahuan and Amargosa desert sites is required to reproduce measured upward water potential gradients and that recharge is negligible (<0.1 mm/yr) in these interdrainage areas. C1 Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78758 USA. George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. US Geol Survey, Carson City, NV 89706 USA. RP Scanlon, BR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Jackson Sch Geosci, Bur Econ Geol, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 56 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 7 AR 1179 DI 10.1029/2002WR001604 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 705ZF UT WOS:000184426600003 ER PT J AU Payer, DC Harrison, DJ AF Payer, DC Harrison, DJ TI Influence of forest structure on habitat use by American marten in an industrial forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE clearcutting; Martes americana; succession; wildlife; woody debris ID LOGGED BOREAL FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; POPULATION REGULATION; LANDSCAPE PATTERN; NATIONAL-PARK; FIR FORESTS; SELECTION; WINTER; SITES; NEWFOUNDLAND AB American marten (Martes americana) are associated with late-successional, coniferous forests throughout much of their range. In the northeastern US, however, marten also occur in forests dominated by mid-successional, mixed coniferous-deciduous and deciduous stands. Structural attributes other than forest-stand age and dominant overstory type may be important determinants of habitat quality for marten. To identify structural conditions associated with patterns of habitat use by marten, we compared characteristics of coarse woody debris (CWD), understory vegetation, and overstory vegetation between 16 ha areas receiving different intensities of use by 24 (13 male, 11 female) resident, nonjuvenile (greater than or equal to1 year) marten in an extensively clearcut industrial forest in Maine. Overstory features related to stand maturity were most useful for discriminating between areas receiving high use, low use, and no use by marten. Used areas had taller trees, higher live-tree basal areas, and greater snag volumes than unused areas, which were regenerated by clearcutting 13-21 years prior to our study. Unused areas apparently lacked vertical structure required by marten. Among areas receiving use, higher use intensity was associated with greater basal area of deciduous trees. Understory vegetation and woody debris was abundant in all use-intensity categories, although areas used most intensively had larger downed logs. We conclude that where horizontal structure is not limiting, forest stands regenerated by clearcutting may provide suitable habitat for resident, nonjuvenile marten when the following thresholds are reached: live-tree basal area greater than or equal to 18 m(2)/ha, mean tree height greater than or equal to9 in for trees with dbh greater than or equal to7.6 cm, and snag volume greater than or equal to10 m(3)/ha. Suitability of harvested stands may be enhanced if large woody debris is retained, and mean maximum diameter of downed logs exceeds 22 cm. Methods of harvesting that provide for retention and recruitment of woody debris and vertical structure characteristic of mature forests may be consistent with maintenance of marten populations in managed forests. Our proposed thresholds can be used for developing stand-scale harvesting strategies in forests that support marten, although landscape-scale habitat requirements of marten should also receive management consideration. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Payer, DC (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Natl Wildlife Refuge, 101 12th Ave,Room 136,Box 20, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM david_payer@fws.gov NR 63 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 179 IS 1-3 BP 145 EP 156 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00517-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00517-0 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 695ND UT WOS:000183836300011 ER PT J AU Matmon, D Hayden, NJ AF Matmon, D Hayden, NJ TI Pore space analysis of NAPL distribution in sand-clay media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE pore-scale modeling; multiphase flow; clay; microscopic observations ID SOIL-WATER RETENTION; NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS; SCALE NETWORK MODEL; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; OVEN DRYNESS; PERMEABILITY; SATURATION; TRANSPORT AB This paper introduces a conceptual model of clays and non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) at the pore scale that has been developed from a mathematical unit cell model, and direct micromodel observation and measurement of clay-containing porous media. The mathematical model uses a unit cell concept with uniform spherical grains for simulating the sand in the sand-clay matrix (similar to10% clay). Micromodels made with glass slides and including different clay-containing porous media were used to investigate the two clays (kaolinite and montmorillonite) and NAPL distribution within the pore space. The results were used to understand the distribution of NAPL advancing into initially saturated sand and sand-clay media, and provided a detailed analysis of the pore-scale geometry, pore size distribution, NAPL entry pressures, and the effect of clay on this geometry. Interesting NAPL saturation profiles were observed as a result of the complexity of the pore space geometry with the different packing angles and the presence of clays. The unit cell approach has applications for enhancing the mechanistic understanding and conceptualization, both visually and mathematically, of pore-scale processes such as NAPL and clay distribution. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hayden, NJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 213 Votey Bldg, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 26 IS 7 BP 773 EP 785 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00032-0 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 694DG UT WOS:000183758100007 ER PT J AU DeFalco, LA Bryla, DR Smith-Longozo, V Nowak, RS AF DeFalco, LA Bryla, DR Smith-Longozo, V Nowak, RS TI Are Mojave Desert annual species equal? Resource acquisition and allocation for the invasive grass Bromus madritensis subsp rubens (Poaceae) and two native species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Bromus madritensis subsp rubens; desert ephemerals; introduced annual grasses; Mojave Desert; nitrogen uptake; plant biomass; Poaceae; root system; seed production; Vulpia octoflora; water uptake ID QUERCUS-DOUGLASII SEEDLINGS; ANNUAL PLANTS; SOIL-WATER; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SONORAN DESERT; WINTER ANNUALS; COMPETITION; NITROGEN; CALIFORNIA; FIRE AB Abundance of invasive plants is often attributed to their ability of outcompete native species. We compared resource acquisition and allocation of the invasive annual grass Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens with that of two native Mojave Desert annuals, Vulpia octoflora and Descurainia pinnata, in a glasshouse experiment. Each species was grown in monoculture at two densities and two levels of N availability to compare how these annuals capture resources and to understand their relative sensitivities to environmental change. During >4 mo of growth, Bromus used water more rapidly and had greater biomass and N content than the natives, partly because of its greater root-surface area and its exploitation of deep soils. Bromus also had greater N uptake, net assimilation and transpiration rates. and canopy area than Vulpia. Resource use by Bromus was less sensitive to changes in N availability or density than were the natives. The two native species in this study produced numerous small seeds that tended to remain dormant, thus ensuring escape of offspring from unfavorable germination conditions; Bromus produced fewer but larger seeds that readily germinated. Collectively. these traits give Bromus the potential to rapidly establish in diverse habitats of the Mojave Desert, thereby gaining an advantage over coexisting native species. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP DeFalco, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. NR 60 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 34 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 90 IS 7 BP 1045 EP 1053 DI 10.3732/ajb.90.7.1045 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 703YN UT WOS:000184310900011 PM 21659204 ER PT J AU Bayless, MA McManus, MG Fairchild, JF AF Bayless, MA McManus, MG Fairchild, JF TI Geomorphic, water quality and fish community patterns associated with the distribution of Notropis topeka in a Central Missouri watershed SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID STREAMS; LEVEL AB The Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) is a small native cyprinid species that has declined throughout its range in the Central Great Plains Region of the United States. Declines of the species have been associated with numerous factors including water quality, physical habitat alteration and predation. The N. topeka occurs in the Moniteau Creek Watershed of Cooper and Moniteau Counties of Central Missouri. We studied the Moniteau Creek population of M topeka over a 1 y period to identify the primary physical, chemical and biological factors associated with population distributions. Fish community composition, water quality data and physical habitat variables were collected at 20 sites distributed across 8 sub-watersheds. Notropis topeka were collected at 8 of the 20 locations; 3 of these sites represent a recent within-watershed range expansion. Notropis topeka were confined to upper reaches of the sub-watersheds in areas typified by relatively high gradient and coarse substrate conditions. Water quality was significantly influenced by both precipitation and locations of sub-watersheds. Although there were isolated sub-watersheds with anthropogenic water quality impacts, we did not detect any relationships between water quality conditions and N topeka distributions. Collectively, the data indicated that the Moniteau Creek Watershed contains a relatively stable population of A topeka associated with good water quality and habitat conditions. This study provides baseline data that can be used to identify other watersheds where rehabilitation efforts are most likely to be successful. C1 Missouri Dept Conservat, Clinton, MO 64735 USA. Conservat Res Ctr, Missouri Dept Conservat, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP McManus, MG (reprint author), Missouri Dept Conservat, POB 368, Clinton, MO 64735 USA. EM mcmanm@mdc.state.mo.us NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 58 EP 72 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0058:GWQAFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698GK UT WOS:000183990100006 ER PT J AU Townsend, DE Leslie, DM Lochmiller, RL DeMaso, SJ Cox, SA Peoples, AD AF Townsend, DE Leslie, DM Lochmiller, RL DeMaso, SJ Cox, SA Peoples, AD TI Fitness costs and benefits associated with dispersal in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NATAL DISPERSAL; RUFFED GROUSE; OWL PREDATION; SEX BIASES; SURVIVAL; BIRDS; MAMMALS; PHILOPATRY; FIDELITY; COMPETITION AB Movements and dispersal distances are. fundamental aspects of ecology and evolutionary biology. Northern bobwhites (Cations virginianus) generally are considered the least mobile of all gallinaceous species, but dispersal events of bobwhites (commonly referred to as "shuffling") are well known. Although dispersal may be a key component in regulating population densities and inbreeding avoidance, few studies have attempted to explain relationships between dispersal, mortality and nest success in northern bobwhites. To examine these relationships, we monitored 957 radio-marked bobwhite from 1991 to 1996. Mean dispersal distance did not differ between sexes (P = 0.699). Mean dispersal distances of adults (2821 m) were shorter than those of juveniles (3411 m; P = 0.042). We found no sex-or age-related differences in survival rates among dispersers and non-dispersers. Despite associated risks with increased movement activity in unfamiliar areas, survival rate was 1.5-times greater for dispersers(S = 0.72) than non-dispersers (S = 0.50). Further, we found no relationships between nest success and dispersal distance, suggesting that dispersal distance had little influence on reproductive output of bobwhites. Thus, dispersers may play a key role in bobwhite population dynamics whereby declining populations escape extinction through recruitment from productive populations. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Oklahoma Dept Wildlife Conservat, Oklahoma City, OK 73152 USA. RP Townsend, DE (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0073:FCABAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698GK UT WOS:000183990100007 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RJ Koford, RR AF Fletcher, RJ Koford, RR TI Changes in breeding bird populations with habitat restoration in northern Iowa SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION-RESERVE-PROGRAM; GRASSLAND BIRDS; AVIAN COMMUNITIES; AREA SENSITIVITY; PRAIRIE WETLANDS; NATURAL WETLANDS; ABUNDANCE; MANAGEMENT; DAKOTA; FIELDS AB Native tallgrass prairie and wetland habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States have declined over the past two centuries. Bird communities using these habitats have also experienced widespread declines that are often attributed to severe habitat loss and fragmentation. We estimated the change, or turnover, in bird populations in the Eagle Lake Wetland Complex, Iowa, with ongoing grassland and wetland restoration by linking geographic information system data and bird surveys in different land cover types (hayland, pasture, restored grassland, restored wetland and rowcrop agriculture) during the 1999-2001 breeding seasons. Habitat restoration efforts primarily converted rowcrop agriculture and pastures into grassland and wetland habitat. Based on land conversion, abundances of most species have likely increased in the area, including many species of management concern. Yet a few species, such as killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), have probably decreased in abundance. This estimation approach and these estimates provided a critical first step for evaluating restoration efforts; however, information on demographic parameters, such as nesting success, in restored areas is needed for understanding how restoration ultimately affects bird populations. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fletcher, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM robertjfletcher@yahoo.com OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0083:CIBBPW]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698GK UT WOS:000183990100008 ER PT J AU Bender, LC Carlson, E Schmitt, SM Haufler, JB AF Bender, LC Carlson, E Schmitt, SM Haufler, JB TI Body mass and antler development patterns of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in Michigan SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POPULATION; HERBIVORES; DYNAMICS; WEIGHT; AGE AB We documented mean and maximum body mass, mass accretion patterns and antler development patterns of Rocky Mountain elk in Michigan. Mean body mass of bulls averaged 9-11% heavier, and maximum body mass 23-27% heavier, in Michigan than in other Rocky Mountain elk populations. Mean live body mass of cows averaged 11 % heavier in Michigan, but mean eviscerated body mass did not differ. Maximum body mass of cows was 10-24% heavier in Michigan. Body mass peaked at age 7.5 for bulls and 8.5 for cows, similar to other Rocky Mountain elk populations despite the greater body mass achieved in Michigan. Sexual dimorphism in bull and cow body mass increased until peak body mass was attained, whereupon bulls were similar to38% heavier than cows. Antler development of bull elk peaked at age 10.5, comparable to other Rocky Mountain elk populations. Relations between antler development and body mass within age classes were highly variable, but generally weak. Greater body mass seen in Michigan, and the peaking of antler development well after body mass in bulls, suggested a phenotypic response to nutritional conditions that allow Rocky Mountain elk in Michigan to maximize the species growth potential. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Mio, MI 48647 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Rose Lake Wildlife Res Stn, Wildlife Dis Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Bender, LC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, POB 30003,MSC 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 150 IS 1 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2003)150[0169:BMAADP]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698GK UT WOS:000183990100017 ER PT J AU Milton, GM Milton, JCD Schiff, S Cook, P Kotzer, TG Cecil, LD AF Milton, GM Milton, JCD Schiff, S Cook, P Kotzer, TG Cecil, LD TI Evidence for chlorine recycling - hydro sphere, biosphere, atmosphere - in a forested wet zone on the Canadian Shield SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOMB-PRODUCED CL-36; CHALK-RIVER; ICE CORE; TRITIUM; MOVEMENT; TRACERS; FALLOUT; SOILS; C-14 AB The ability to measure environmental levels of Cl-36 by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and H-3 by He-3-ingrowth Mass Spectrometry has made it possible to use the pulses of these two isotopes released into the atmosphere during nuclear weapons testing as tracers of Cl and water movement in soils and groundwater. The authors have investigated the movement of these tracers below a forested wet zone, and have found that both are retarded to a differing extent in the near surface because of vegetative uptake and recycling. Adsorption by clay particles, followed by slow release to the groundwater, may also be significant. The data accumulated in this region of near vertical recharge have gone a considerable distance towards explaining the anomalously low concentrations of Cl-36 measured in the 5 Laurentian Great Lakes, as well as indicating possible mechanisms for large scale Cl- recycling in the atmosphere and biosphere. Identification of the near-term non-conservative behaviour of the Cl- is significant, since such a phenomenon could introduce errors in many watershed calculations, e.g. water residence times, evaporation rates, and mixing calculations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 AECL, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Milton, GM (reprint author), Milton Sci, Box 459, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. RI Cook, Peter/H-3606-2011 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00240-8 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682FK UT WOS:000183080900005 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RJ Koford, RR AF Fletcher, RJ Koford, RR TI Spatial responses of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) near different types of edges in northern Iowa SO AUK LA English DT Article ID AREA SENSITIVITY; NEST SUCCESS; FORESTED LANDSCAPE; WINTERING SPARROWS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BIRD COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND BIRDS; BREEDING BIRDS; HABITAT; VEGETATION AB Habitat edges are well-studied components of fragmented landscapes, yet factors mediating edge effects remain unclear. We report how different types of edges surrounding patches may affect spatial distributions of Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), a declining, area-sensitive songbird that breeds in grasslands. We expected Bobolinks to be less abundant near edges, and we investigated a set of alternative hypotheses for explaining that spatial pattern: (1) passive displacement, in which individuals do not avoid edges but use edges as boundaries for territories; (2) habitat gradients, in which individuals respond to habitat structure gradients near edges; (3) territory size, in which size of territories increases near edges; and (4) active avoidance, in which individuals actively avoid edges by positioning territory boundaries away from edges. To examine those hypotheses, we surveyed Bobolinks in grassland habitats near 34 edges of three different edge types (agriculture, road, and woodland) in northern Iowa, 1999-2000. Bobolink density was lower near woodland edges than near other edge types, and density increased as a function of distance from edge for all edge types. There was no evidence for a habitat gradient close to edges, but there was some evidence for habitat structure differing among edge types. Territory size increased near roads, decreased near woodlands, but did not change near agricultural edges. Territory positioning was consistent with active avoidance near woodland edges, and to a lesser extent road edges, but positioning was only consistent with passive displacement near agriculture edges. We conclude that land use surrounding patches can have variable effects on territorial dynamics and habitat use of this area-sensitive species. Linking edge avoidance with fitness is needed to understand the demographic consequences of those responses for species in fragmented landscapes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Geol Survey, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fletcher, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM robertjfletcherjr@yahoo.com OI Fletcher, Robert/0000-0003-1717-5707 NR 52 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2003 VL 120 IS 3 BP 799 EP 810 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0799:SROBDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 713AB UT WOS:000184830800021 ER PT J AU Scribner, KT Talbot, SL Pearce, JM Pierson, BJ Bollinger, KS Derksen, DV AF Scribner, KT Talbot, SL Pearce, JM Pierson, BJ Bollinger, KS Derksen, DV TI Phylogeography of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in western North America SO AUK LA English DT Review ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GENE FLOW; POPULATION-GENETICS; INTRASPECIFIC PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS; CLADOGRAM ESTIMATION AB Using molecular genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution, we examined levels and partitioning of genetic variation for seven nominal subspecies (11 breeding populations) of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) in western North America. Gene trees constructed from mtDNA control region sequence data show that subspecies of Canada Geese do not have distinct mtDNA. Large- and small-bodied forms of Canada Geese were highly diverged (0.077 average sequence divergence) and represent monophyletic groups. A majority (65%) of 20 haplotypes resolved were observed in single breeding locales. However, within both large- and small-bodied forms certain haplotypes occurred across multiple subspecies. Population trees for both nuclear (microsatellites) and mitochondrial markers were generally concordant and provide resolution of population and subspecific relationships indicating incomplete lineage sorting. All populations and subspecies were genetically diverged, but to varying degrees. Analyses of molecular variance, nested-clade and coalescence-based analyses of mtDNA suggest that both historical (past fragmentation) and contemporary forces have been important in shaping current spatial genetic distributions. Gene flow appears to be ongoing though at different rates, even among currently recognized subspecies. The efficacy of current subspecific taxonomy is discussed in light of hypothesized historical vicariance and current demographic trends of management and conservation concern. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Scribner, KT (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Talbot, Sandra/C-9433-2011 NR 105 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2003 VL 120 IS 3 BP 889 EP 907 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0889:POCGBC]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 713AB UT WOS:000184830800031 ER PT J AU Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF AF Banks, RC Cicero, C Dunn, JL Kratter, AW Rasmussen, PC Remsen, JV Rising, JD Stotz, DF TI Forty-fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds SO AUK LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCES SUPPORT; NUCLEAR; EVOLUTION; TANAGERS; GENES; AVES C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Michigan State Univ Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Toronto, Ramsay Wright Zool Labs, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. Field Museum Nat Hist, Environm & Conservat Programs, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. RP Banks, RC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, MRC-111, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 49 TC 45 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JUL PY 2003 VL 120 IS 3 BP 923 EP 931 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0923:FSTTAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 713AB UT WOS:000184830800038 ER PT J AU Bartel, JA Adams, RP James, SA Mumba, LE Pandey, RN AF Bartel, JA Adams, RP James, SA Mumba, LE Pandey, RN TI Variation among Cupressus species from the western hemisphere based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF ESSENTIAL OILS; JUNIPERUS; RAPDS; SYSTEMATICS; DISPERSAL AB Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) data were analyzed from all the taxa of Cupressus from the western hemisphere. Populations of Cupressus from Arizona and Texas, USA, were found to cluster in the two groups delimited by Wolf (1948): C. arizonica and C glabra. These data suggest that these taxa. might be better recognized at the specific level as per Wolf (1948), rather than at the varietal level (Farjon, 1998) or not at all (Bartel, 1994). A second analysis, which included Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (=Cupressus nootkatensis) and all the taxa of Cupressus from the western hemisphere, revealed four major groups: (1) C benthamii and C lindleyi from central Mexico; (2) C macrocarpa, C guadalupensis, C nootkatensis, C forbesii, and C. bakeri; (3) C goveniana, C pigmaea, C sargenth, C abramsiana, C. nevadensis, C arizonica, and C montana (=C arizonica var. montana); and (4) C glabra, C. stephensonii, and C macnabiana. This analysis supports the placement of Ch. nootkatensis into Cupressus (C. nootkatensis). Trees identified by Wolf (1948) as C sargentii from Santa Barbara Co., proved to be quite distinct in their RAPDs from C. sargentii populations growing north of this county. Additional field studies are being conducted to resolve the specific status of these plants. Individuals of C. forbesii showed considerable variation within and among populations, suggesting possible hybridization or micro-differentiation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Bernice P Bishop Museum, Pacific Ctr Mol Biodivers, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Univ Zambia, Sch Nat Sci, Lusaka, Zambia. Eastern New Mexico Univ, Dept Biol, Portales, NM 88130 USA. RP Adams, RP (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, POB 97388, Waco, TX 76798 USA. OI James, Shelley/0000-0003-1105-1850 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 7 BP 693 EP 702 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00229-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 689DH UT WOS:000183476000003 ER PT J AU Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Belnap, J Kitchen, SG Zak, JC Sobek, E Tracy, M Montante, J AF Duda, JJ Freeman, DC Emlen, JM Belnap, J Kitchen, SG Zak, JC Sobek, E Tracy, M Montante, J TI Differences in native soil ecology associated with invasion of the exotic annual chenopod, Halogeton glomeratus SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE krascheninnikovia lanata; Great Basin Desert; halogeton glomeratus; invasive plant species; soil chemistry modification; soil microbial communities ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; DESERT; COMMUNITIES; PLANTS AB Various biotic and abiotic components of soil ecology differed significantly across an area where Halogeton glomeratus is invading a native winterfat, [Krascheninnikovia (=Ceratoides) lanata] community. Nutrient levels were significantly different among the native, ecotone, and exotic-derived soils. NO3, P, K, and Na all increased as the cover of halogeton increased. Only Ca was highest in the winterfat area. A principal components analysis, conducted separately for water-soluble and exchangeable cations, revealed clear separation between halogeton- and winterfat-derived soils. The diversity of soil bacteria was highest in the exotic, intermediate in the ecotone, and lowest in the native community. Although further studies are necessary, our results offer evidence that invasion by halogeton alters soil chemistry and soil ecology, possibly creating conditions that favor halogeton over native plants. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Moab, UT 84532 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Duda, JJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, 6505 NE 65th, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0638-x PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 713VF UT WOS:000184878100002 ER PT J AU Peery, CA Kavanagh, KL Scott, JM AF Peery, CA Kavanagh, KL Scott, JM TI Pacific salmon: Setting ecologically defensible recovery goals SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Peery, CA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Coll Nat Resources, US Geol Survey,Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM cpeery@uidaho.edu NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 622 EP 623 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0622:PSSEDR]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 699XT UT WOS:000184082900004 ER PT J AU Rood, SB Gourley, CR Ammon, EM Heki, LG Klotz, JR Morrison, ML Mosley, D Scoppettone, GG Swanson, S Wagner, PL AF Rood, SB Gourley, CR Ammon, EM Heki, LG Klotz, JR Morrison, ML Mosley, D Scoppettone, GG Swanson, S Wagner, PL TI Flows for floodplain forests: A successful riparian restoration SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE birds; cottonwoods; ecosystem restoration; river regulation ID COTTONWOOD SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; RIVER; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEMS; ESTABLISHMENT; STREAMFLOW; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ALBERTA AB Throughout the 20th century, the Truckee River that flows from Lake Tahoe into the Nevada desert was progressively dammed and dewatered, which led to the collapse of its aquatic and riparian ecosystems. The federal designation of the endemic cui-ui sucker (Chasmistes cujus) as endangered prompted a restoration program in the 1980s aimed at increasing spring flows to permit fish spawning. These flows did promote cui-ui reproduction, as well as an unanticipated benefit, the extensive seedling recruitment of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and sandbar willow (Salix exigua). Recruitment was scattered in 1983 but extensive in 1987, when the hydrograph satisfied the riparian recruitment box model that had been developed for other rivers. That model was subsequently applied to develop flow prescriptions that were implemented from 1995 through 2000 and enabled further seedling establishment. The woodland recovery produced broad ecosystem benefits, as evidenced by the return by 1998 of 10 of 19 riparian bird species whose populations had been locally extirpated or had declined severely between 1868 and 1980. The dramatic partial recovery along this severely degraded desert river offers promise that the use of instream flow regulation can promote ecosystem restoration along other dammed rivers worldwide. C1 Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Nature Conservancy, Reno, NV 89501 USA. Great Basin Bird Observ, Reno, NV 89501 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reno, NV 89502 USA. Univ Calif White Mt Res Stn, Bishop, CA 93514 USA. Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe, Nixon, NV 89424 USA. US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89502 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Rood, SB (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. OI Rood, Stewart/0000-0003-1340-1172 NR 38 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0647:FFFFAS]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 699XT UT WOS:000184082900009 ER PT J AU Manly, BFJ McDonald, TL Amstrup, SC Regehr, EV AF Manly, BFJ McDonald, TL Amstrup, SC Regehr, EV TI Improving size estimates of open animal populations by incorporating information on age SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE logistic regression; capture-recapture; population size estimation ID MULTIPLE-RECAPTURE CENSUS; CAPTURE-MARK-RECAPTURE; GROWTH LAYER GROUPS; LOCAL RECRUITMENT; CEMENTUM; IMMIGRATION; EXTINCTION; SURVIVAL; TURNOVER; COUNTS AB Around the world, a great deal of effort is expended each year to estimate the sizes of wild animal populations. Unfortunately, population size has proven to be one of the most intractable parameters to estimate. The capture-recapture estimation models most commonly used (of the Jolly-Scber type) are complicated and require numerous, sometimes questionable, assumptions. The derived estimates usually have large variances and lack consistency over time. In capture-recapture studies of long-lived animals, the ages of captured animals can often be determined with great accuracy and relative ease. We show how to incorporate age information into size estimates for open populations, where the size changes through births, deaths, immigration, and emigration. The proposed method allows more precise estimates of population size than the usual models, and it can provide these estimates from two sample occasions rather than the three usually required. Moreover, this method does not require specialized programs for capture-recapture data; researchers can derive their estimates using the logistic regression module in any standard statistical package. C1 Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Manly, BFJ (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, 217 S 1st St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 666 EP 669 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0666:ISEOOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 699XT UT WOS:000184082900011 ER PT J AU Topping, BR Kuwabara, JS AF Topping, BR Kuwabara, JS TI Dissolved nickel and benthic flux in South San Francisco Bay: A potential for natural sources to dominate SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Topping, BR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 439, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Kuwabara, James/0000-0003-2502-1601 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00128-003-0129-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 694BF UT WOS:000183752300009 PM 12945841 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Galushin, VM Khokhlov, AN Malovichko, LV Iljukh, MP AF Henny, CJ Galushin, VM Khokhlov, AN Malovichko, LV Iljukh, MP TI Organochlorine pesticides in eggs of birds of prey from the Stavropol Region, Russia SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUES C1 USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Russian Bird Conservat Union, Moscow 129278, Russia. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s00128-003-0144-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 694BF UT WOS:000183752300025 PM 12945857 ER PT J AU Lemons, PR Ballard, WB Sullivan, RM Sovada, MA AF Lemons, PR Ballard, WB Sullivan, RM Sovada, MA TI Den site activity patterns of adult male and female Swift Foxes, Vulpes velox, in northwestern Texas SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Swift fox; Vulpes velox; den sites; helping behavior; Texas ID REPRODUCTION; PREVALENCE; HELPERS; COYOTES; COSTS AB Activity of Swift Foxes (Vulpes velox) at den sites was studied in northwestern Texas during pup rearing seasons in 2000 and 2001 to determine role of males in parental care. Twenty-four percent of radio-collared females with a potential to breed successfully raised pups to eight weeks of age. We intensively monitored presence and absence of male and female Swift Foxes at two den sites each year. Females were present >2.6 times more at den sites than males during the pup rearing season. Female and male Swift Foxes largely stayed at dens during diurnal hours and were active away from dens during nocturnal and crepuscular hours. Females and males spent 12.4% and 3.0% more time at dens before pups emerged, than after pups emerged, respectively. Following depredation of one male parent, the female spent 29% less time at the den site. Decrease in time spent at the den by the female following loss of her mate suggested that loss of one parent might severely impact recruitment of Swift Foxes. Our observations indicated that intense Coyote (Canis latrans) depredation may severely impact pup-rearing success as well as the parental care within Swift Fox family groups. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range Wildlife & Fisheries Management, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Canyon, TX 79015 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resource & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3 BP 424 EP 429 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840UX UT WOS:000222886500010 ER PT J AU Gipson, PS Kamler, JF AF Gipson, PS Kamler, JF TI Capture locations of Coyotes, Canis latrans, Bobcats, Lynx rufus, and Raccoons, Procyon lotor, relative to home range boundaries SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bobcat; Lynx rufus; Coyote; Canis latrans; Raccoon; Procyon lotor; capture locations; home range boundaries ID HABITAT USE; VULNERABILITY; PATTERNS AB Previous research showed that Coyotes (Canis latrans) and other canids might be more vulnerable to capture near the boundary or outside of their home ranges, making the capture of specific individuals within their territories difficult. Information concerning capture vulnerability relative to home range boundaries for other carnivores is lacking. During a four-year study of carnivore ecology in Kansas, we compared capture locations of Coyotes, Bobcats (Lynx rufus), and Raccoons (Procyon lotor) to their home range boundaries to determine if they were more likely to be captured inside, or near the periphery of, their home ranges. Resident Coyotes were captured disproportionately more often (P < 0.01) near the periphery of their home ranges, whereas Bobcats, Raccoons, and transient Coyotes were captured equally (P > 0.05) in both areas of their home ranges. Differences in capture vulnerability within and between species might be related to differences in social organization and behavior. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gipson, PS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 205 Leasure Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Kamler, Jan/F-8520-2011 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3 BP 472 EP 474 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 840UX UT WOS:000222886500018 ER PT J AU Mangan, MT Waythomas, CF Miller, TP Trusdell, FA AF Mangan, MT Waythomas, CF Miller, TP Trusdell, FA TI Emmons Lake Volcanic Center, Alaska Peninsula: source of the Late Wisconsin Dawson tephra, Yukon Territory, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OLD CROW TEPHRA; STRATIGRAPHIC MARKER; SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; PLEISTOCENE; ERUPTIONS; OXIDES; LOESS; BEDS; ASH; AGE AB The Emmons Lake Volcanic Center on the Alaska Peninsula of southwestern Alaska is the site of at least two rhyolitic caldera-forming eruptions (C1 and C2) of late Quaternary age that are possibly the largest of the numerous caldera-forming eruptions known in the Aleutian arc. The deposits produced by these eruptions are widespread (eruptive volumes of >50 km(3) each), and their association with Quaternary glacial and eolian deposits on the Alaska Peninsula and elsewhere in Alaska and northwestern Canada enhances the likelihood of establishing geochronological control on Quaternary stratigraphic records in this region. The pyroclastic deposits associated with the second caldera-forming eruption (C2) consist of loose, granular, airfall and pumice-flow deposits that extend for tens of kilometres beyond Emmons Lake caldera, reaching both the Bering Sea and Pacific Ocean coastlines north and south of the caldera. Geochronological and compositional data on C2 deposits indicate a correlation with the Dawson tephra, a 24 000 C-14 BP (27 000 calibrated years BP), widespread bed of silicic ash found in loess deposits in west-central Yukon Territory, Canada. The correlation clearly establishes the Dawson tephra as the time-stratigraphic marker of the last glacial maximum. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaska Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observ, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Mangan, MT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 910,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 40 IS 7 BP 925 EP 936 DI 10.1139/E03-026 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 719KT UT WOS:000185202800002 ER PT J AU Quist, MC Guy, CS Stephen, JL AF Quist, MC Guy, CS Stephen, JL TI Recruitment dynamics of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) in Kansas reservoirs: generalities with natural systems and effects of a centrarchid predator SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ONEIDA LAKE; NEW-YORK; GROWTH; FISH; POPULATION; COMPETITION; CANADENSE AB Knowledge of factors influencing recruitment dynamics of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) in different systems and regions is important for developing a better understanding of walleye ecology. Therefore, we investigated associations among walleye recruitment and climatic, water-level, and biotic characteristics in four Kansas reservoirs during 1985-1999. Walleye recruitment was positively related to spring storage ratios and temperatures and negatively associated with spring water levels and abundance of 130- to 199-mm white crappies (Pomoxis annularis). The influence of juvenile white crappie predation on larval walleyes was examined by conducting a manipulative experiment. Regardless of zooplankton density or water clarity, mortality of larval walleyes resulting from white crappie predation was over 90%. Based on our empirical and experimental results, we propose a biotic-abiotic confining hypothesis (BACH) to explain abiotic and biotic effects on walleye recruitment dynamics. Specifically, high variability in walleye recruitment was observed during years with low densities of 130- to 199-mm white crappies and likely resulted from the effects of abiotic factors. When white crappie abundance was high, walleye recruitment was low and exhibited little variability, suggesting that white crappies can have an overriding influence on walleye recruitment regardless of abiotic conditions. C1 Kansas State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas Dept Wildlife & Pk, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Quist, MC (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 7 BP 830 EP 839 DI 10.1139/F03-067 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 719QP UT WOS:000185215700007 ER PT J AU Etherington, LL Eggleston, DB AF Etherington, LL Eggleston, DB TI Spatial dynamics of large-scale, multistage crab (Callinectes sapidus) dispersal: determinants and consequences for recruitment SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BLUE CRABS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BRACHYURAN MEGALOPAE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NURSERY HABITATS; LARVAL TRANSPORT; NORTH-CAROLINA; LOCAL DYNAMICS; DELAWARE BAY; CORAL-REEFS AB We assessed determinants and consequences of multistage dispersal on spatial recruitment of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, within the Croatan, Albemarle, Pamlico Estuarine System (CAPES), North Carolina, U.S.A. Large-scale sampling of early juvenile crabs over 4 years indicated that spatial abundance patterns were size-dependent and resulted from primary post-larval dispersal (pre-settlement) and secondary juvenile dispersal (early post-settlement). In general, primary dispersal led to high abundances within more seaward habitats, whereas secondary dispersal (which was relatively consistent) expanded the distribution of juveniles, potentially increasing the estuarine nursery capacity. There were strong relationships between juvenile crab density and specific wind characteristics; however, these patterns were spatially explicit. Various physical processes (e.g., seasonal wind events, timing and magnitude of tropical cyclones) interacted to influence dispersal during multiple stages and determined crab recruitment patterns. Our results suggest that the nursery value of different habitats is highly dependent on the dispersal potential (primary and secondary dispersal) to and from these areas, which is largely determined by the relative position of habitats within the estuarine landscape. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Etherington, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Glacier Bay Field Stn, POB 140, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 7 BP 873 EP 887 DI 10.1139/F03-072 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 719QP UT WOS:000185215700011 ER PT J AU Schotthoefer, AM Koehler, AV Meteyer, CU Cole, RA AF Schotthoefer, AM Koehler, AV Meteyer, CU Cole, RA TI Influence of Ribeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda : Digenea) infection on limb development and survival of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): effects of host stage and parasite-exposure level SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE SELECTION; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; SEDIMENT EXTRACTS; HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; POND WATER; MALFORMATIONS; MINNESOTA; REGENERATION; DEFORMITIES; AMPHIBIANS AB Recent evidence suggests that infection by larvae of the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae accounts for a significant proportion of limb malformations currently observed in amphibian populations of North America. However, the effects of R. ondatrae infection on northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), one of the species most frequently reported with malformations, have not been adequately explored. Moreover, the risk factors associated with R. ondatrae-induced malformations have not been clearly identified. We examined the effects of timing of infection on tadpole survival and limb development. Rana pipiens tadpoles were individually exposed to R. ondatrae cercariae at the pre-limb-bud (Gosner stages 24 and 25), limb-bud (Gosner stages 27 and 28), or paddle (Gosner stages 31-33) stages of development and monitored through metamorphosis. The effects of infection were stage-specific. Infections acquired at the pre-limb-bud stage resulted in a high mortality rate (47.5-97.5%), whereas tadpoles infected at the limb-bud stage displayed a high malformation rate (16% overall), and the magnitude of effects increased with the level of exposure to cercariae. In contrast, infections acquired at the paddle stage bad no effect on limb development or tadpole survival, which suggests that the timing of R. ondatrae infection in relation to the stage structure of tadpole populations in the wild is an important determinant of the degree to which populations are affected by R. ondatrae. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Oregon Coast Natl Wildlife Refuge, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Cole, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RI Koehler, Anson/P-3658-2015 OI Koehler, Anson/0000-0001-8330-6416 NR 55 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1144 EP 1153 DI 10.1139/Z03-099 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 727TY UT WOS:000185678000004 ER PT J AU Joly, K Dale, BW Collins, WB Adams, LG AF Joly, K Dale, BW Collins, WB Adams, LG TI Winter habitat use by female caribou in relation to wildland fires in interior Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID WOODLAND CARIBOU; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; RESOURCE SELECTION; BOREAL FOREST; AVAILABILITY; PREFERENCE; HERD AB The role of wildland fire in the winter habitat use of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) has long been debated. Fire has been viewed as detrimental to caribou because it destroys the slow-growing climax forage lichens that caribou utilize in winter. Other researchers argued that caribou were not reliant on lichens and that fire may be beneficial, even in the short term. We evaluated the distribution of caribou relative to recent fires (<50 years old) within the current winter range of the Nelchina caribou herd in east-central Alaska. To address issues concerning independence and spatial and temporal scales, we used both conventional very high frequency and global positioning system telemetry to estimate caribou use relative to recent, known-aged burns. In addition, we used two methods to estimate availability of different habitat classes. Caribou used recently burned areas much less than expected, regardless of methodologies used. Moreover, within burns, caribou were more likely to use habitat within 500 in of the burn perimeter than core areas. Methods for determining use and availability did not have large influences on our measures of habitat selectivity. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Joly, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM Kyle_Joly@usgs.gov NR 46 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 23 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1192 EP 1201 DI 10.1139/Z03-109 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 727TY UT WOS:000185678000010 ER PT J AU Kim, MJ Nriagu, J Haack, S AF Kim, MJ Nriagu, J Haack, S TI Arsenic behavior in newly drilled wells SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Symposium of Environmental Biogeochemistry CY SEP 11-15, 2001 CL WROCLAW, POLAND DE arsenic species; groundwater; geochernistry; well depth; Michigan ID GANGES DELTA; GROUNDWATER; SPECIATION; BANGLADESH AB In the present paper, inorganic arsenic species and chemical parameters in groundwater were determined to investigate the factors related to the distribution of arsenic species and their dissolution from rock into groundwater. For the study, groundwater and core samples were taken at different depths of two newly drilled wells in Huron and Lapeer Counties, Michigan. Results show that total arsenic concentrations in the core samples varied, ranging from 0.8 to 70.7 mg/kg. Iron concentration in rock was about 1800 times higher than that of arsenic, and there was no correlation between arsenic and iron occurrences in the rock samples. Arsenic concentrations in groundwater ranged from <1 to 171 mug/l. The arsenic concentration in groundwater depended on the amount of arsenic in aquifer rocks, and as well decreased with increasing depth. Over 90% of arsenic existed in the form of As(III), implying that the groundwater systems were in the reduced condition. The results such as high ferrous ion, low redox potential and low dissolved oxygen supported the observed arsenic species distribution. There was no noticeable difference in the total arsenic concentration and arsenic species ratio between unfiltered and filtered (0.45 mum) waters, indicating that the particulate form of arsenic was negligible in the groundwater samples. There were correlations between water sampling depth and chemical parameters, and between arsenic concentration and chemical parameters, however, the trends were not always consistent in both wells. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Maritime Univ, Coll Engn, Div Civil & Environm Syst Engn, Yeongdo Gu, Pusan 606791, South Korea. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Lansing, MI 48911 USA. RP Kim, MJ (reprint author), Korea Maritime Univ, Coll Engn, Div Civil & Environm Syst Engn, Yeongdo Gu, 1 Domsam Dong, Pusan 606791, South Korea. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2003 VL 52 IS 3 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00244-3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 687QM UT WOS:000183388100011 PM 12738300 ER PT J AU Meier, MF Dyurgerov, MB McCabe, GJ AF Meier, MF Dyurgerov, MB McCabe, GJ TI The health of glaciers: Recent changes in glacier regime SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MASS-BALANCE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; ANNULAR MODES; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; VOLUME; ALASKA; OSCILLATION AB Glacier wastage has been pervasive during the last century; small glaciers and those in marginal environments are disappearing, large mid-latitude glaciers are shrinking slightly, and arctic glaciers are warming. Net mass balances during the last 40 years are predominately negative and both winter and summer balances ( accumulation and ablation) and mass turnover are increasing, especially after 1988. Two principal components of winter balance time-series explain about 50% of the variability in the data. Glacier winter balances in north and central Europe correlate with the Arctic Oscillation, and glaciers in western North America correlate with the Southern Oscillation and Northern Hemisphere air temperature. The degree of synchronization for distant glaciers relates to changes in time of atmospheric circulation patterns as well as differing dynamic responses. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Meier, MF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1023/A:1024410528427 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693EE UT WOS:000183702700007 ER PT J AU Fagre, DB Peterson, DL Hessl, AE AF Fagre, DB Peterson, DL Hessl, AE TI Taking the pulse of mountains: Ecosystem responses to climatic variability SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GLACIER NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-ALPINE MEADOWS; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; NORTH-AMERICA; MASS-BALANCE; USA; WASHINGTON; VEGETATION; FORESTS AB An integrated program of ecosystem modeling and field studies in the mountains of the Pacific Northwest ( U. S. A.) has quantified many of the ecological processes affected by climatic variability. Paleoecological and contemporary ecological data in forest ecosystems provided model parameterization and validation at broad spatial and temporal scales for tree growth, tree regeneration and treeline movement. For subalpine tree species, winter precipitation has a strong negative correlation with growth; this relationship is stronger at higher elevations and west-side sites ( which have more precipitation). Temperature affects tree growth at some locations with respect to length of growing season ( spring) and severity of drought at drier sites ( summer). Furthermore, variable but predictable climate-growth relationships across elevation gradients suggest that tree species respond differently to climate at different locations, making a uniform response of these species to future climatic change unlikely. Multi-decadal variability in climate also affects ecosystem processes. Mountain hemlock growth at high-elevation sites is negatively correlated with winter snow depth and positively correlated with the winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. At low elevations, the reverse is true. Glacier mass balance and fire severity are also linked to PDO. Rapid establishment of trees in subalpine ecosystems during this century is increasing forest cover and reducing meadow cover at many subalpine locations in the western U. S. A. and precipitation ( snow depth) is a critical variable regulating conifer expansion. Lastly, modeling potential future ecosystem conditions suggests that increased climatic variability will result in increasing forest fire size and frequency, and reduced net primary productivity in drier, east-side forest ecosystems. As additional empirical data and modeling output become available, we will improve our ability to predict the effects of climatic change across a broad range of climates and mountain ecosystems in the northwestern U. S. A. C1 US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. EM dan_fagre@usgs.gov NR 65 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 282 DI 10.1023/A:1024427803359 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693EE UT WOS:000183702700013 ER PT J AU Muzzall, PM Gillilland, MG Bowen, CA Coady, NR Peebles, CR AF Muzzall, PM Gillilland, MG Bowen, CA Coady, NR Peebles, CR TI Parasites of burbot, Lota lota, from Lake Huron, Michigan, USA, with a checklist of the North American parasites of burbot SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lota lota; burbot; parasites; Lake Huron; Michigan; Great Lakes; North America; USA ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; METAZOAN PARASITES; HEMING LAKE; SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; HELMINTH PARASITES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; UPPER PENINSULA; YELLOW PERCH; GREAT-LAKES; MANITOBA AB Forty-five adult burbot, Lota Iota, collected in July 1998 from Six Fathom Bank (Six Fathom Bank Lake Trout Refuge) and Yankee Reef in Lake Huron, Michigan, U.S.A., were examined for parasites. A total of 10 parasite species infected burbot. Diplostomum sp., Eubothrium rugosum, Haplonema hamulatum, Echinorhynchus salmonis, and Trichodina sp. infected 60% or more of the burbot examined from each location. Diplostomum sp. had the highest mean intensity, and E. salmonis had the highest mean abundance in burbot from Six Fathom Bank. Echinorhynchus salmonis had the highest mean intensity and mean abundance in burbot from Yankee Reef. Diplostonium sp., H. hamulatun, and E. salmonis in burbot from Yankee Reef had significantly higher mean intensities and mean abundances than those in fish from Six Fathom Bank. The lengths and weights of burbot from Yankee Reef were significantly greater than those of fish from Six Fathom Bank. A checklist of parasites of burbot from published records in North America is presented. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Muzzall, PM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 87 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 2 BP 182 EP 195 DI 10.1654/4062 PG 14 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 701XH UT WOS:000184193900012 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Eliason, AH Hastings, ME AF Poppe, LJ Eliason, AH Hastings, ME TI A Visual Basic program to classify sediments based on gravel-sand-silt-clay ratios SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Marine Geol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Eliason Data Serv, Mashpee, MA 02649 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Marine Geol, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 29 IS 6 BP 805 EP 809 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00048-7 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 704TE UT WOS:000184355500013 ER PT J AU Shinn, EA Reich, CD Hickey, TD Lidz, BH AF Shinn, EA Reich, CD Hickey, TD Lidz, BH TI Staghorn tempestites in the Florida Keys SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Acropora cervicornis; bleaching; carbon-14; coral; growth rate; Holocene; staghorn; tempestite ID CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; MARINE-SANCTUARY; HURRICANE DONNA; SOUTH FLORIDA; LARGO; RATES; COMMUNITY; RECORD; SEA AB Thirty-one samples of transported Holocene Acropora cervicornis 'sticks' sampled from carbonate sand tempestite accumulations at 19 sites along a 180-km-long stretch of the Florida reef tract were dated using the radiocarbon (C-14) method. The 'modern fossils' collected from just a few centimeters below the surface ranged in age from 0.5 to 6.4 ka. The majority lived between 3.5 and 5.5 ka. The time of transport and deposition is not known. There were no A. cervicornis samples centered around 4.5 ka. Acropora cervicornis is living on many Florida reefs, but the youngest tempestite sample was 500 years old. Two 500-year-long gaps in dated staghorn suggest that the documented decline in living A. cervicornis over the past 25 years may not be without precedent. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Shinn, EA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s00338-003-0289-2 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 698VF UT WOS:000184019500001 ER PT J AU Keeley, JE AF Keeley, JE TI Relating species abundance distributions to species-area curves in two Mediterranean-type shrublands SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Chaparral; coastal sage scrub; fire; heathlands; species abundance curves; species-area curves AB Based on both theoretical and empirical studies there is evidence that different species abundance distributions underlie different species-area relationships. Here I show that Australian and Californian shrubland communities (at the scale from 1 to 1000 m(2)) exhibit different species-area relationships and different species abundance patterns. The species-area relationship in Australian heathlands best fits an exponential model and species abundance (based on both density and cover) follows a narrow log normal distribution. In contrast, the species-area relationship in Californian shrublands is best fit with the power model and, although species abundance appears to fit a log normal distribution, the distribution is much broader than in Australian heathlands. I hypothesize that the primary driver of these differences is the abundance of small-stature annual species in California and the lack of annuals in Australian heathlands. Species-area is best fit by an exponential model in Australian heathlands because the bulk of the species are common and thus the species-area curves initially rise rapidly between 1 and 100 m(2) . Annuals in Californian shrublands generate very broad species abundance distributions with many uncommon or rare species. The power function is a better model in these communities because richness increases slowly from 1 to 100 m(2) but more rapidly between 100 and 1000 m(2) due to the abundance of rare or uncommon species that are more likely to be encountered at coarser spatial scales. The implications of this study are that both the exponential and power function models are legitimate representations of species-area relationships in different plant communities. Also, structural differences in community organization, arising from different species abundance distributions, may lead to different species-area curves, and this may be tied to patterns of life form distribution. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Keeley, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00017.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695PY UT WOS:000183840500001 ER PT J AU Lafferty, KD Holt, RD AF Lafferty, KD Holt, RD TI How should environmental stress affect the population dynamics of disease? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE disease; dynamics; host; infectious; model; pollution; population; stress; transmission ID GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS L; 3-SPINED STICKLEBACK; MILL EFFLUENTS; HARBOR SEALS; INFECTION; PARASITES; FISH; COMMUNITIES; MESOCOSMS; EXPOSURE AB We modelled how stress affects the population dynamics of infectious disease. We were specifically concerned with stress that increased susceptibility of uninfected hosts when exposed to infection. If such stresses also reduced resources, fecundity and/or survivorship, there was a reduction in the host carrying capacity. This lowered the contact between infected and uninfected hosts, thereby decreasing transmission. In addition, stress that increased parasite mortality decreased disease. The opposing effects of stress on disease dynamics made it difficult to predict the response of disease to environmental stress. We found analytical solutions with negative, positive, convex and concave associations between disease and stress. Numerical simulations with randomly generated parameter values suggested that the impact of host-specific diseases generally declined with stress while the impact of non-specific (or open) diseases increased with stress. These results help clarify predictions about the interaction between environmental stress and disease in natural populations. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, USGS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lafferty, KD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Western Ecol Res Ctr, USGS, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Lafferty, Kevin/B-3888-2009 OI Lafferty, Kevin/0000-0001-7583-4593 NR 38 TC 160 Z9 165 U1 3 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 6 IS 7 BP 654 EP 664 DI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00480.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689ZL UT WOS:000183522800011 ER PT J AU Howdeshell, KL Peterman, PH Judy, BM Taylor, JA Orazio, CE Ruhlen, RL vom Saal, FS Welshons, WV AF Howdeshell, KL Peterman, PH Judy, BM Taylor, JA Orazio, CE Ruhlen, RL vom Saal, FS Welshons, WV TI Bisphenol A is released from used polycarbonate animal cages into water at room temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE animal caging; bisphenol A; endocrine disruptor; estrogen; leaching; polycarbonate; polysulfone ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ESTROGENIC CHEMICALS; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; VIVO ASSAYS; MOUSE; XENOESTROGENS; BEHAVIOR AB Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer with estrogenic activity that is used in the production of food packaging, dental sealants, polycarbonate plastic, and many other products. The monomer has previously been reported to hydrolyze and leach from these products under high heat and alkaline conditions, and the amount of leaching increases as a function of use. We examined whether new and used polycarbonate animal cages passively release bioactive levels of BPA into water at room temperature and neutral pH. Purified water was incubated at room temperature in new polycarbonate and polysulfone cages and used (discolored) polycarbonate cages, as well as control (glass and used polypropylene) containers. The resulting water samples were characterized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and tested for estrogenic activity using an MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation assay. Significant estrogenic activity, identifiable as BPA by GC/MS (up to 310 mug/L), was released from used polycarbonate animal cages. Detectable levels of BPA were released from new polycarbonate cages (up to 0.3 mug/L) as well as new polysulfone cages (1-5 mug/L), whereas no BPA was detected in water incubated in glass and used polypropylene cages. Finally, BPA exposure as a result of being housed in used polycarbonate cages produced a 16% increase in uterine weight in prepubertal female mice relative to females housed in used polypropylene cages, although the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest that laboratory animals maintained in polycarbonate and polysulfone cages are exposed to BPA via leaching, with exposure reaching the highest levels in old cages. C1 Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO USA. US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Howdeshell, KL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, 830 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kembrah@umich.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50354]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08293, ES11283] NR 42 TC 147 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 25 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 111 IS 9 BP 1180 EP 1187 DI 10.1289/ehp.5993 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 715VH UT WOS:000184992700028 PM 12842771 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B Westra, J AF Zimmerman, JKH Vondracek, B Westra, J TI Agricultural land use effects on sediment loading and fish assemblages in two Minnesota (USA) watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agriculture; land use; streams; suspended sediment; trout; warmwater fish ID NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; HABITAT QUALITY; RIPARIAN ZONES; STREAMS; NUTRIENT; COMMUNITIES; EROSION; RUNOFF; TROUT AB We examined the relationship between water quality and fish communities within two agricultural areas using a computer simulation model. Our analyses focused on a coolwater stream, Wells Creek in southeastern Minnesota, and a warmwater stream, the Chippewa River in western Minnesota. We used the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model in relation to land use to calculate instream suspended sediment concentrations using estimates of sediment delivery, runoff, baseflow and streambank erosion, and quantified the effects of suspended sediment exposure on fish communities. We predicted the effects of agricultural practices on stream fish communities under several possible land use scenarios, with reference to current conditions. Land use changes led to reductions in sediment loading of up to 84% in Wells Creek and 49% in the Chippewa River. The reduction in sediment loading across scenarios may be directly related to a reduction in runoff by about 35% in both study areas. We found a 98% decrease in "lethal" concentrations of suspended sediment on fish in Wells Creek with an increase in conservation tillage, riparian buffers, and permanent vegetative cover. However, the effects of suspended sediment did not significantly decrease in the Chippewa River. This difference between study areas was likely due to differences in tolerance to suspended sediment between coolwater and warmwater fish communities and differences in topography, runoff and bank erosion between the two streams. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Zimmerman, JKH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 62 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-2989-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731QE UT WOS:000185897300007 PM 14703915 ER PT J AU Golden, NH Rattner, BA Cohen, JB Hoffman, DJ Russek-Cohen, E Ottinger, MA AF Golden, NH Rattner, BA Cohen, JB Hoffman, DJ Russek-Cohen, E Ottinger, MA TI Lead accumulation in feathers of nestling black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) experimentally treated in the field SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; feathers; herons; lead ID EGRETTA-ALBA-MODESTA; YOUNG HERRING-GULLS; GREAT WHITE EGRET; HEAVY-METAL; LARUS-ARGENTATUS; SELENIUM LEVELS; CHICKS; BLOOD; BIRDS; CHESAPEAKE AB Although lead can attain high concentrations in feathers, interpretation of the biological significance of this phenomenon is difficult. As part of an effort to develop and validate noninvasive methods to monitor contaminant exposure in free-ranging birds, lead uptake by feathers of nestling black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) was evaluated in a controlled exposure study. Four- to 6-d-old heron nestlings (one/nest) at Chincoteague Bay, Virginia (USA), received a single intraperitoneal injection of dosing vehicle (control, n = 7) or a dose of lead nitrate in water (0.01, 0.05, or 0.25 mg Pb/g body wt of nestling; 11 = 6 or 7/dose) chosen to yield feather lead concentrations found at low- to moderately polluted sites. Nestlings were euthanized at 15 d of age. Lead accumulation in feathers was associated with concentrations in bone, kidney, and liver (r = 0.32-0.74, p < 0.02) but exhibited only modest dose dependence. Blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was inhibited by lead, although effects on other biochemical endpoints were marginal. Tarsus growth rate was inversely related to feather lead concentration. Culmen growth rate was depressed in nestlings treated with the highest dose of lead but not correlated with feather lead concentration. These findings provide evidence that feathers of nestling herons are a sensitive indicator of lead exposure and have potential application for the extrapolation of lead concentrations in other tissues and the estimation of environmental lead exposure in birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rattner, BA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12011 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM barnett_rattner@usgs.gov NR 42 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1517 EP 1524 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1517:LAIFON>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CR UT WOS:000185639200013 PM 12836976 ER PT J AU Calfee, RD Little, EE AF Calfee, RD Little, EE TI The effects of ultraviolet-13 radiation on the toxicity of fire-fighting chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fire-retardant chemicals; ultraviolet radiation; sodium ferrocyanide; yellow prussiate ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; RAINBOW-TROUT; PHOTOINDUCED TOXICITY; FIRE-RETARDANT; AMMONIA; FISH AB The interactive effects of ultraviolet (UV) and fire-retardant chemicals were evaluated by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) juveniles and tadpoles of southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala) to six fire-retardant formulations with and without sodium ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of soda [YPS]) and to YPS alone under three simulated UV light treatments. Yellow prussiate of soda is used as a corrosion inhibitor in some of the fire-retardant chemical formulations. The underwater UV intensities measured were about 2 to 10% of surface irradiance measured in various aquatic habitats and were within tolerance limits for the species tested. Mortality of trout and tadpoles exposed to Fire-Trol(R) GTS-R, Fire-Trol 300-F, Fire-Trol LCA-R. and Fire-Trol LCA-F was significantly increased in the presence of UV radiation when YPS was present in the formulation. The boreal toad (Bufo boreas), listed as endangered by the state of Colorado (USA), and southern leopard frog were similar in their sensitivity to these chemicals. Photoenhancement of fire-retardant chemicals can occur in a range of aquatic habitats and may be of concern even when optical clarity of water is low; however, other habitat characteristics can also reduce fire retardant toxicity. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Little, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1525 EP 1531 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1525:TEOURO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CR UT WOS:000185639200014 PM 12836977 ER PT J AU Webber, HM Haines, TA AF Webber, HM Haines, TA TI Mercury effects on predator avoidance behavior of a forage fish, golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; fish; behavior; diet; predator avoidance ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; DIETARY METHYLMERCURY; SCHOOLING BEHAVIOR; EXPOSURE; FOOD; BIOACCUMULATION; IMPAIRMENT; RETENTION; TISSUE AB Mercury contamination of fish is widespread in North America and has resulted in the establishment of fish consumption advisories to protect human health. However, the effects of mercury exposure to fish have seldom been investigated. We examined the effects of dietary mercury exposure at environmental levels in a common forage species, golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas). Fish were fed either an unaltered diet (12 ng/g wet wt methylmercury [MeHg] as Hg), a low-Hg diet (455 ng/g Hg), or a high-Hg diet (959 ng/g Hg). After 90 d mean fish whole-body total Hg concentrations were 41, 230, and 518 ng/g wet wt, respectively, which were within the range of concentrations found in this species in northern U.S. lakes. There were no mortalities or differences in growth rate among groups. Groups of fish from each treatment were exposed to a model avian predator and their behavioral response videotaped for analysis. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined in fish after behavioral testing. Fish fed the high-Hg diet had significantly greater shoal vertical dispersal following predator exposure, took longer to return to pre-exposure activity level, and had greater shoal area after return to pre-exposure activity than did the other treatments, all of which would increase vulnerability of the fish to predation. There were no differences in brain AChE among treatments. We conclude that mercury exposure at levels currently occurring in northern United States lakes alters fish predator-avoidance behavior in a manner that may increase vulnerability to predation. This finding has significant implications for food chain transfer of Hg and Hg exposure of fish predators. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Sci Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Haines, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Orono Field Stn,5751 Murray Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 27 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1556 EP 1561 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1556:MEOPAB>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CR UT WOS:000185639200018 PM 12836981 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Dummer, PM Munney, KL AF Custer, CM Custer, TW Dummer, PM Munney, KL TI Exposure and effects of chemical contaminants on tree swallows nesting along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, 1998-2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE furans; hatching success; Housatonic River; polychlorinated biphenyls; tree swallows ID PAPER-MILL EFFLUENT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; TACHYCINETA-BICOLOR; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GREEN-BAY; HUDSON RIVER; GREAT-LAKES; FOX RIVER; NEW-YORK; SEDIMENTS AB Hatching Success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) was assessed for three years in relation to chemical contamination along the Housatonic River, Berkshire County (MA, USA). in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Nest boxes were erected at five sites along the Housatonic River and its tributaries and at one reference location. Concentrations of total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were some of the highest ever reported in bird eggs. Mean concentrations at sites along the Housatonic River ranged between 32 and 101 mug/g wet weight. A significant negative relationship wits observed between concentrations of total PCBs in clutches and hatching success. A significant negative relationship was also observed between hatching success and the sum of the total dioxins and furans and the associated toxic equivalents (TEQs) for dioxins and furans. In a combined model with PCB TEQs and dioxin/furan TEQs, PCB TEQs were not significantly correlated to hatching success, whereas dioxin/furan TEQs were. Contamination of tree swallows was from local food sources. Accumulation rates of total PCBs in 12-d-old nestlings averaged between 34 and 76 mug/d at the sites along the main stem of the Housatonic River compared to <1 mug/d at the reference location. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New England Field Off, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 68 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1605 EP 1621 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1605:EAEOCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CR UT WOS:000185639200025 PM 12836988 ER PT J AU Ottinger, MA Reed, E Wu, J Thompson, N French, JB AF Ottinger, MA Reed, E Wu, J Thompson, N French, JB TI Establishing appropriate measures for monitoring aging in birds: comparing short and long lived species SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Organisms with Slow Aging (SOSA-2) CY JAN 17-18, 2003 CL UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFRONIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA HO UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFRONIA DE quail; kestrel; reproductive lifespan; short and long lived birds AB In order to reveal patterns of reproductive aging in birds we focus on a short lived species, the Japanese quail and the American kestrel, which has a life span of medium length. Quail have been studied extensively in the laboratory as models for understanding avian endocrinology and behavior, and as a subject for toxicological research and testing. In the lab, Japanese quail show age-related deterioration in endocrine, behavioral, and sensory system responses; the American kestrel is relatively long lived and shows moderate evidence of senescence in the oldest birds. Using data collected from captive kestrels at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, a database was designed to document selected parameters over the life cycle of the kestrels. Life table data collated from many species indicate that longer lived species of birds show senescence in survival ability but this pattern has not been established for reproductive function. We suggest that useful comparisons among species can be made by identifying stages in reproductive life history, organized on a relative time scale. Preliminary data from quail and kestrels, admittedly only two species, do not yet indicate a pattern of greater reproductive senescence in longer-lived birds. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Ottinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Hanson, Elizabeth/N-7308-2014 OI Hanson, Elizabeth/0000-0002-0334-383X NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(03)00102-5 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 706KG UT WOS:000184452400007 PM 12855281 ER PT J AU Henry, PFP AF Henry, PFP TI The eastern box turtle at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 1940s to the present: another view SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Organisms with Slow Aging (SOSA-2) CY JAN 17-18, 2003 CL UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFRONIA, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA HO UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFRONIA DE box turtles; terrapene ID TERRAPENE CAROLINA BAURI; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; MARYLAND AB Several long-term mark recapture studies have been conducted on box turtles (Terrapene c. carolina) providing valuable information on life span, basic demography, home range, and apparent effects of environmental changes on box turtle survival. One of the longest studied populations was first marked in 1942 on the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Maryland, and has been surveyed every 10 years until 1995. The age structure and gender ratio of these turtles in the field may support differential habitat use and survival estimates. A few of the turtles first marked during the 1945 study are still observed throughout the Center. Data collected from turtles marked in the more upland habitats during 1985-2002 indicate a younger age class distribution than that observed in the more protected biota of the bottomland floodplain study area. Extrapolating ages of turtles described in data collected throughout the long-term study, it was estimated that turtles, both males and females, can show reproduction-intent behaviors at ages greater than 54 years old. It is suggested that count data collection be continued on a more frequent cycle, extending over a larger part of the Center. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Henry, PFP (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 773 EP 776 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(03)00107-4 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 706KG UT WOS:000184452400012 PM 12855286 ER PT J AU Pooler, PS Smith, DR Loveland, RE Botton, ML Michels, SF AF Pooler, PS Smith, DR Loveland, RE Botton, ML Michels, SF TI Assessment of sampling methods to estimate horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus L.) egg density in Delaware Bay SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BEACH CHARACTERISTICS; SHOREBIRDS C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Fordham Univ, New York, NY 10023 USA. Delaware Div Fish & Wildlife, Little Creek, DE 19961 USA. RP Pooler, PS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 698 EP 703 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 707WE UT WOS:000184532200019 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, CE Nielsen, RL AF Zimmerman, CE Nielsen, RL TI Effect of analytical conditions in wavelength dispersive electron microprobe analysis on the measurement of strontium-to-calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios in otoliths of anadromous salmonids SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; PROBE MICROANALYSIS; FISH OTOLITHS; MICROCHEMISTRY; STOCK; IDENTIFICATION; DISTINGUISH; INVESTIGATE; PRECISION; ANGUILLA C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Ocean Adm 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zimmerman, CE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. OI Zimmerman, Christian/0000-0002-3646-0688 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 712 EP 718 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 707WE UT WOS:000184532200021 ER PT J AU Magoulick, DD Kobza, RM AF Magoulick, DD Kobza, RM TI The role of refugia for fishes during drought: a review and synthesis SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE disturbance; drying; fish movement; patch dynamics; refuge habitats; scale ID STREAM FISHES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HEADWATER STREAMS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; RAINBOW-TROUT; RIVER SYSTEMS; BROOK TROUT; ASSEMBLAGES; DISTURBANCE AB 1. Drought is a natural disturbance of aquatic ecosystems and can be a major factor in structuring aquatic communities. For individuals, populations and communities to persist in disturbed environments, they must have refuge from disturbance or disturbance must be minimal. Refugia convey spatial and temporal resistance or resilience in the face of disturbance, but the role of refugia in aquatic systems remains poorly understood. 2. We review available literature on aquatic refugia for fishes in order to synthesise current knowledge and provide suggestions for needed research. Our objectives were to clarify definitions of disturbance and refugia in the context of drought in aquatic systems, review how refuge habitats influence fish community structure, and consider the potential impact of refugia on fish population and community dynamics during drought. 3. Droughts cause a decrease in surface area/volume and an increase in extremes of physical and chemical water quality parameters. These conditions are linked with biotic interactions that structure the community of fishes residing in low-flow or dry season refugia by increasing mortality rates, decreasing birth rates and/or increasing migration rates. Many aquatic organisms seek refuge from disturbance and/or have adaptations (e.g. physiological tolerance) that provide refuge. 4. Drought in aquatic systems leads to shifts in refugia spacing and connectance at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Refuge size, disturbance intensity, and mobility of organisms is predicted to play a large role in population persistence. We expect that refuge habitats will experience net immigration during drying and net emigration after rewetting, with the opposite occurring in surrounding habitat patches. Population dynamics of fishes using refugia during drought are best modelled by modified source-sink dynamics, but dynamics are likely to change with spatial scale. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Magoulick, DD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, USGS, Arkansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM danmag@uark.edu NR 108 TC 233 Z9 245 U1 16 U2 111 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 48 IS 7 BP 1186 EP 1198 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01089.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692BR UT WOS:000183640900005 ER PT J AU Ganeshram, RS Francois, R Commeau, J Brown-Leger, SL AF Ganeshram, RS Francois, R Commeau, J Brown-Leger, SL TI An experimental investigation of Barite formation in seawater SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ORGANIC-CARBON; MARINE BARITE; SUSPENDED BARITE; SEDIMENTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PRODUCTIVITY; ACCUMULATION; PARTICLES; PACIFIC AB We report results from time-series decay and sequential leaching experiments of laboratory cultured and coastal plankton to elucidate the mechanisms controlling barite formation in seawater. Batch-cultured diatoms (Stephanopyxis palmerina) and coccolithophorids (Emiliania huxleyi) were let to decay in the dark for 8-10 weeks, suspended in aerated seawater. The development of barite crystals was monitored by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). A similar experiment was conducted with plankton collected during the spring-bloom in Vineyard Sound (MA). In addition to SEM, suspended particles were sequentially leached for Ba (distilled water rinse; 10% (v/v) HNO3 rinse at room temperature; 30% (v/v) HCl at 80degreesC overnight; 50% (v/v) HNO3 at 80degreesC overnight) immediately after collection, and after 10-week decay in seawater, in seawater poisoned with HgCl2, and in seawater spiked with Ba-135. Both experiments showed an increase in the number of barite crystals during decay. The spring-bloom plankton had initially a large pool of labile Ba, soluble in distilled water and cold dilute HNO3 that was lost from the plankton after 10-week decay in both axenic and nonaxenic conditions. In contrast, Ba in the decayed plankton samples was predominantly in forms extracted by hot HCl and, hot HNO3 acids, which were attributed to presence of barite Ba and refractory organic Ba respectively. The increase in barite crystal counts under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the increase in HCl extractable Ba relative to organic carbon, and the loss of a large fraction of Ba during plankton decay suggest that living plankton consists of a relatively large pool of labile Ba, which is rapidly released during plankton decomposition and acts as the main source of Ba for barite formation in supersaturated microenvironments. Since mass balance indicates that only a small proportion (2 to 4%) of the labile-Ba pool is converted to barite, the availability of microenvironments that could locally concentrate Ba released by plankton decay seems to be the main limiting factor in barite precipitation. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Field Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ganeshram, RS (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 34 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 BP 2599 EP 2605 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00164-9 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700TG UT WOS:000184126800008 ER PT J AU Lidz, BH Reich, CD Shinn, EA AF Lidz, BH Reich, CD Shinn, EA TI Regional Quaternary submarine geomorphology in the Florida Keys SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE contour maps; coral reefs; Florida Keys; geophysical investigations; outliers; regional sea-level changes ID SEA-LEVEL RECORD; SOUTH FLORIDA; LAST DEGLACIATION; MARINE-SANCTUARY; WINDWARD-MARGIN; REEFS; GEOLOGY; USA; ACCUMULATION; LIMESTONE AB High-quality seismic reflection profiles fill a major gap in geophysical data along the south Florida shelf, allowing updated interpretations of the history of the Quaternary coral reef system. Incorporation of the new and existing data sets provides the basis for detailed color maps of the Pleistocene surface and thickness of overlying Holocene accretions. The maps cover the Florida Keys to a margin-wide upper-slope terrace (30 to 40 in deep) and extend from The Elbow Reef (north Key Largo) to Rebecca Shoal (Gulf of Mexico). The data indicate that Pleistocene bedrock is several meters deeper to the southwest than to the northeast, yet in general, Holocene sediments are similar to3 to 4 in thick shelf-wide. The Pleistocene map demonstrates the significance of a westward-dipping bedrock surface to Holocene flooding history and coral reef evolution. Seismic facies show evidence for two possible Holocene stillstands. Aerial photographs provide information on the seabed surface, much of which is below seismic resolution. The photographs define a prominent, regional nearshore rock ledge that extends similar to2.5 kin seaward from the keys' shoreline. They show that bands of rock ridges exist along the outer shelf and on the upper-slope terrace. The photographs also reveal four tracts of outlier reefs on the terrace, one more than had been documented seismically. Seismic and photographic data indicate the tracts are >200 kin long, nearly four times longer than previously thought. New interpretations provide insights into a youngest possible terrace age (ca. 175 ka?) and the likelihood that precise ages of oxygen isotope substage 5e ooid tidal-bar and coral reef components may differ. The tidal-bar/reef complex forms the Florida Keys. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Lidz, BH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 71 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 115 IS 7 BP 845 EP 866 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0845:RQSGIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 694JF UT WOS:000183770800005 ER PT J AU Haeussler, PJ Bradley, DC Wells, RE Miller, ML AF Haeussler, PJ Bradley, DC Wells, RE Miller, ML TI Life and death of the Resurrection plate: Evidence for its existence and subduction in the northeastern Pacific in Paleocene-Eocene time SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE tectonics; Eocene; Kula plate; Farallon plate; North America; magmatism ID OREGON COAST RANGE; ALASKA FORE-ARC; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOUTHERN ALASKA; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE; METAMORPHIC COMPLEX; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; TECTONIC EVOLUTION AB Onshore evidence suggests that a plate is missing from published reconstructions of the northeastern Pacific Ocean in Paleocene-Eocene time. The Resurrection plate, named for the Resurrection Peninsula ophiolite near Seward, Alaska, was located east of the Kula plate and north of the Farallon plate. We interpret coeval near-trench magmatism in southern Alaska and the Cascadia margin as evidence for two slab windows associated with trench-ridge-trench (TRT) triple junctions, which formed the western and southern boundaries of the Resurrection plate. In Alaska, the Sanak-Baranof belt of near-trench intrusions records a west-to-east migration, from 61 to 50 Ma, of the northern TRT triple junction along a 2100-km-long section of coastline. In Oregon, Washington, and southern Vancouver Island, voluminous basaltic volcanism of the Siletz River Volcanics, Crescent Formation, and Metchosin Voicanics occurred between ca. 66 and 48 Ma. Lack of a clear age progression of magmatism along the Cascadia margin suggests that this southern triple junction did not migrate significantly. Synchronous near-trench magmatism from southeastern Alaska to Puget Sound at ca. 50 Ma documents the middle Eocene subduction of a spreading center, the crest of which was sub-parallel to the margin. We interpret this ca. 50 Ma event as recording the subduction-zone consumption of the last of the Resurrection plate. The existence and subsequent subduction of the Resurrection plate explains (1) northward terrane transport along the southeastern Alaska-British Columbia margin between 70 and 50 Ma, synchronous with an eastward-migrating triple junction in southern Alaska; (2) rapid uplift and voluminous magmatism in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia prior to 50 Ma related to subduction of buoyant, young oceanic crust of the Resurrection plate; (3) cessation of Coast Mountains magmatism at ca. 50 Ma due to cessation of subduction, (4) primitive mafic magmatism in the Coast Mountains and Cascade Range just after 50 Ma, related to slab-window magmatism, (5) birth of the Queen Charlotte transform margin at ca. 50 Ma, (6) extensional exhumation of high-grade metamorphic terranes and development of core complexes in British Columbia, Idaho, and Washington, and extensional collapse of the Cordilleran foreland fold-and-thrust belt in Alberta, Montana, and Idaho after 50 Ma related to initiation of the transform margin, (7) enigmatic 53-45 Ma magmatism associated with extension from Montana to the Yukon Territory as related to slab breakup and the formation of a slab window, (8) right-lateral margin-parallel strike-slip faulting in southern and western Alaska during Late Cretaceous and Paleocene time, which cannot be explained by Farallon convergence vectors, and (9) simultaneous changes in Pacific-Farallon and Pacific-Kula plate motions concurrent with demise of the Kula-Resurrection Ridge. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 95064 USA. RP Haeussler, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. OI Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 135 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 29 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 115 IS 7 BP 867 EP 880 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0867:LADOTR>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 694JF UT WOS:000183770800006 ER PT J AU Casciotti, KL Sigman, DM Ward, BB AF Casciotti, KL Sigman, DM Ward, BB TI Linking diversity and stable isotope fractionation in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ammonia monooxygenase; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; nitrification; stable isotope fractionation ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PARTICULATE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS BATH; ATMOSPHERIC NITROUS-OXIDE; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; SULFATE REDUCTION; NITRIFYING BACTERIA; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; NITRITE REDUCTASE; BETA-SUBDIVISION AB The link between similarity in amino acid sequence for ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and isotopic discrimination for ammonia oxidation (epsilon(AMO) ) was investigated in beta-subdivision ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. The isotope effects for ammonia oxidation in pure cultures of the nitrifying strains Nitrosomonas marina , Nitrosomonas C-113a, Nitrosospira tenuis , Nitrosomonas europaea , and Nitrosomonas eutropha ranged from 14.2parts per thousand to 38.2parts per thousand. The differences in isotope effects could not be readily explained by differential rates of ammonia oxidation, transport of NH(4)(+) , or accumulation of NH(2)OH or N(2)O among the strains. The major similarities and differences observed in epsilon(AMO) are, however, paralleled by similarities and differences in amino acid sequences for the alpha-subunit of AMO (AmoA). Robust differences in epsilon(AMO) among nitrifying bacteria may be expected to influence the stable isotopic signatures of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) produced in various environments. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Casciotti, KL (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM kcasciot@usgs.gov RI Sigman, Daniel/A-2649-2008 OI Sigman, Daniel/0000-0002-7923-1973 NR 79 TC 152 Z9 154 U1 4 U2 58 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 20 IS 4 BP 335 EP 353 DI 10.1080/01490450303895 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 708NZ UT WOS:000184575800005 ER PT J AU Snyder, NP Whipple, KX Tucker, GE Merritts, DJ AF Snyder, NP Whipple, KX Tucker, GE Merritts, DJ TI Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Integration of Computer Modeling and Field Observations in Geomorphology CY 2002 CL BINGHAMTON, NY DE channel geometry; discharge; erosion rates; landform evolution; stream response ID DRAINAGE-BASIN EVOLUTION; RIVER INCISION; BEDROCK CHANNELS; LANDSCAPE RESPONSE; MARINE TERRACES; UPLIFT RATES; MODEL; PROFILES; POWER; NETWORKS AB An empirical calibration of the shear stress model for bedrock incision is presented, using field and hydrologic data from a series of small, coastal drainage basins near the Mendocino triple junction in northern California. Previous work comparing basins from the high uplift zone (HUZ, uplift rates around 4 mm/year) to ones in the low uplift zone (LUZ, similar to 0.5 mm/year) indicates that the HUZ channels are about twice as steep for a given drainage area. This observation suggests that incision processes are more effective in the HUZ. It motivates a detailed field study of channel morphology in the differing tectonic settings to test whether various factors that are hypothesized to influence incision rates (discharge, channel width, lithology, sediment load) change in response to uplift or otherwise differ between the HUZ and LUZ. Analysis of regional stream gaging data for mean annual discharge and individual floods yields a linear relationship between discharge and drainage area. Increased orographic precipitation in the HUZ accounts for about a twofold increase in discharge in this area, corresponding to an assumed increase in the erosional efficiency of the streams. Field measurements of channel width indicate a power-law relationship between width and drainage area with an exponent of similar to 0.4 and no significant change in width between the uplift rate zones, although interpretation is hampered by a difference in land use between the zones. The HUZ channel width dataset reveals a scaling break interpreted to be the transition between colluvial- and fluvial-dominated incision processes. Assessments of lithologic resistance using a Schmidt hammer and joint surveys show that the rocks of the study area should be fairly similar in their susceptibility to erosion. The HUZ channels generally have more exposed bedrock than those in the LUZ, which is consistent with protection by sediment cover inhibiting incision in the LUZ. However, this difference is likely the result of a recent pulse of sediment due to land use in the LUZ. Therefore, the role of sediment flux in setting incision rates cannot be constrained with any certainty. To summarize, of the four response mechanisms analyzed, the only factor that demonstrably varies between uplift rate zones is discharge, although this change is likely insufficient to explain the relationship between channel slope and uplift rate. The calibrated model allows us to make a prediction of channel concavity that is consistent with a previous estimate from slope-drainage area data, We show that the inclusion of nonzero values of critical shear stress in the model has important implications for the theoretical relationship between steady-state slope and uplift rate and might provide an explanation for the observations. This analysis underscores the importance of further work to constrain quantitatively threshold shear stress for bedrock incision. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3TB, England. Franklin & Marshall Coll, Dept Geosci, Lancaster, PA 17604 USA. RP Snyder, NP (reprint author), USGS Pacific Sci Ctr, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM nsnyder@usgs.gov OI TUCKER, GREGORY/0000-0003-0364-5800 NR 56 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00349-5 PG 31 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 698XV UT WOS:000184026200006 ER PT J AU Hough, SE AF Hough, SE TI Earthquakes SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JUL PY 2003 VL 48 IS 7 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779XA UT WOS:000189326300010 ER PT J AU Schmidt, KM AF Schmidt, KM TI Mapping SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Schmidt, KM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kschmidt@usgs.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD JUL PY 2003 VL 48 IS 7 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 779XA UT WOS:000189326300021 ER PT J AU Hill, MC Osterby, O AF Hill, MC Osterby, O TI Determining extreme parameter correlation in ground water models SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB In ground water flow system models with hydraulic-head observations but without significant imposed or observed flows, extreme parameter correlation generally exists. As a result, hydraulic conductivity and recharge parameters cannot be uniquely estimated. In complicated problems, such correlation can go undetected even by experienced modelers. Extreme parameter correlation can be detected using parameter correlation coefficients, but their utility depends on the presence of sufficient, but not excessive, numerical imprecision of the sensitivities, such as round-off error. This work investigates the information that can be obtained from parameter correlation coefficients in the presence of different levels of numerical imprecision, and compares it to the information provided by an alternative method called the singular value decomposition (SVD). Results suggest that (1) calculated correlation coefficients with absolute values that round to 1.00 were good indicators of extreme parameter correlation, but smaller values were not necessarily good indicators of lack of correlation and resulting unique parameter estimates; (2) the SVD may be more difficult to interpret than parameter correlation coefficients, but it required sensitivities that were one to two significant digits less accurate than those that required using parameter correlation coefficients; and (3) both the SVD and parameter correlation coefficients identified extremely correlated parameters better when the parameters were more equally sensitive. When the statistical measures fail, parameter correlation can be identified only by the tedious process of executing regression using different sets of starting values, or, in some circumstances, through graphs of the objective function. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Math Sci, Aarhus, Denmark. RP Hill, MC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 420 EP 430 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02376.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 697XJ UT WOS:000183968300007 PM 12873005 ER PT J AU Ourso, RT Frenzel, SA AF Ourso, RT Frenzel, SA TI Identification of linear and threshold responses in streams along a gradient of urbanization in Anchorage, Alaska SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE urbanization; impervious area; macroinvertebrates; thresholds; water quality ID URBAN STREAM; WATERSHED URBANIZATION; DEICING SALT; RUNOFF; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPE; ELEMENTS; SELENIUM; QUALITY; HAWAII AB We examined biotic and physiochemical responses in urbanized Anchorage, Alaska, to the percent of impervious area within stream basins, as determined by high-resolution IKONOS satellite imagery and aerial photography. Eighteen of the 86 variables examined, including riparian and instream habitat, macroinvertebrate communities, and water/sediment chemistry, were significantly correlated with percent impervious area. Variables related to channel condition, instream substrate, water chemistry, and residential and transportation right-of-way land uses were identified by principal components analysis as significant factors separating site groups. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the macroinvertebrate communities responded to an urbanization gradient closely paralleling the percent of impervious area within the subbasin. A sliding regression analysis of variables significantly correlated with percent impervious area revealed 8 variables exhibiting threshold responses that correspond to a mean of 4.4 - 5.8% impervious area, much lower than mean values reported in other, similar investigations. As contributing factors to a subbasin's impervious area, storm drains and roads appeared to be important elements influencing the degradation of water quality with respect to the biota. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Ourso, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 201, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 54 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2003 VL 501 IS 1-3 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1023/A:1026211808745 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 734EG UT WOS:000186041800013 ER PT J AU Plescia, JB AF Plescia, JB TI Cerberus Fossae, Elysium, Mars: a source for lava and water SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID SNAKE RIVER PLAIN; BASALTIC VOLCANISM; FLOOD LAVAS; GROUND ICE; FEATURES; RELEASE; ANALOGS; VALLES; REGION; MODELS AB Cerberus Fossae, a long fracture system in the southeastern part of Elysium, has acted as a conduit for the release of both lava and water onto the surface. The southeastern portion of the fracture system localized volcanic vents having varying morphology. In addition, low shields occur elsewhere on the Cerberus plains. Three locations where the release of water has occurred have been identified along the northwest (Athabasca and Grjota' Vallis) and southeast (Rahway Vallis) portions of the fossae. Water was released both catastrophically and noncatastrophically from these locations. A fluvial system that extends more than 2500 km has formed beginning at the lower flank of the Elysium rise across the Cerberus plains and out through Marte Vallis into Amazonis Planitia. The timing of the events is Late Amazonian. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Plescia, JB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Plescia, Jeffrey/B-7738-2016 NR 48 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00139-8 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 705AT UT WOS:000184374600005 ER PT J AU Cravotta, CA AF Cravotta, CA TI Size and performance of anoxic limestone drains to neutralize acidic mine drainage SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATERS AB Acidic mine drainage (AMD) can be neutralized effectively in underground, anoxic limestone drains (ALDs). Owing to reaction between the AMD and limestone (CaCO3), the pH and concentrations of alkalinity and calcium increase asymptotically with detention time in the ALD, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, and manganese typically are unaffected. This paper introduces a method to predict the alkalinity produced within an ALD and to estimate the mass of limestone required for its construction on the basis of data from short-term, closed-container (cubitainer) tests. The cubitainer tests, which used an initial mass of 4 kg crushed limestone completely inundated with 2.8 L AMD, were conducted for 11 to 16 d and provided estimates for the initial and maximum alkalinities and corresponding rates of alkalinity production and limestone dissolution. Long-term (5-11 yr) data for alkalinity and CaCO3 flux at the Howe Bridge, Morrison, and Buck Mountain ALDs in Pennsylvania, USA, indicate that rates of alkalinity production and limestone dissolution under field conditions were comparable with those in cubitainers filled with limestone and AMD from each site. The alkalinity of effluent and intermediate samples along the flow path through the ALDs and long-term trends in the residual mass of limestone and the effluent alkalinity were estimated as a function of the computed detention time within the ALD and second-order dissolution rate models for cubitainer tests. Thus, cubitainer tests can be a useful tool for designing ALDs and predicting their performance. C1 US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. RP Cravotta, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 215 Limekiln Rd, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1277 EP 1289 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700EN UT WOS:000184099800014 PM 12931883 ER PT J AU Maestas, Y MacLeod, KG Douglas, R Self-Trail, J Ward, PD AF Maestas, Y MacLeod, KG Douglas, R Self-Trail, J Ward, PD TI Late cretaceous foraminifera, paleoenvironments, and paleoceanography of the Rosario Formation, San Antonio del Mar, Baja California, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; STABLE ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; SOUTHERN HIGH-LATITUDES; POLE THERMAL-GRADIENTS; OCEAN HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE-CIRCULATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; SLOPE AB The 315 m of Rosario Formation exposed at the San Antonio del Mar (SADM) section (Baja California, Mexico) contains moderately-to-well preserved benthic and planktic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, and molluscs. Nannofossils suggest most of the SADM section was deposited within a narrow interval of the late Campanian (CC21-CC22), whereas foraminifera and molluscs suggest a younger maximum age (younger than the Globotruncana ventricosa Zone) and allow deposition over a longer interval of time. Planktic foraminifera at SADM represent common Tethyan taxa. They are largely restricted to the lower and middle portions of the section and comprise 0-similar to40% of foraminiferal assemblages. Stable isotopic analyses of Rugoglobigerina rugosa yield delta18O(V-PDB) values from -2.27parts per thousand to -2.82parts per thousand corresponding to salinity-corrected paleotemperature estimates of 26-30degreesC for the Late Cretaceous eastern Pacific. These estimates are as warm as modern tropical temperatures and are similar to tropical paleotemperature estimates from delta(18)O analyses of exceptionally preserved Maastrichtian samples; however, they are considerably warmer than most tropical Campanian-Maastrichtian estimates. Benthic foraminifera indicate outer shelf paleodepths with a slight increase in depth or decrease in benthic oxygen levels in the upper parts of the interval studied. The change in the benthic assemblage corresponds to an similar to1parts per thousand positive shift in benthic deltaO(18), suggesting a relationship between benthic assemblages and an inferred increase in the local intensity of upwelling. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, MS Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Maestas, Y (reprint author), Bastyr Univ, 14500 Juanita Dr NE, Kenmore, WA 98028 USA. RI MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017 OI MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837 NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.2113/33.3.179 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 723GH UT WOS:000185424000001 ER PT J AU Haig, SM Mace, TR Mullins, TD AF Haig, SM Mace, TR Mullins, TD TI Parentage and relatedness in polyandrous comb-crested jacanas using ISSRs SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; PENSTEMON SCROPHULARIACEAE; GENETIC-VARIATION; POPULATIONS; PATERNITY; MICROSATELLITES; AMPLIFICATION; CUCKOLDRY; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION AB In this article we present the first analysis of parentage and relatedness in a natural vertebrate population, using Intersimple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Thus, 28 ISSR markers were used in a study of a sex-role reversed, simultaneously polyandrous shorebird from northeastern Australia, the comb-crested jacana (Irediparra gallinacea). Assessment of parentage was based on comparison of field observations, novel bands, individual-specific bands found in 7/9 males and 4/6 females, and a 99% CI exclusion criteria. Integrating results from these approaches resulted in confirmation of paternity in all 36 chicks. In only one case (2.8% of chicks) was a co-mate assigned paternity. Thus, comb-crested jacanas appear to be genetically monogamous. These results showed resemblance to sequentially polyandrous birds but differed from the simultaneously polyandrous wattled jacana ( Jacana jacana; Emlen et al. 1998). A significant relationship between relatedness and ISSR similarity resulted in recognition that 14/15 adults sampled may be related to at least one other adult by 0.25 or more. Lack of dispersal may be explained by physical limitations and adequate regional habitat. ISSRs proved to be simple and helpful in resolving these issues. C1 USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Puget Sound, Dept Biol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. RP Haig, SM (reprint author), USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 94 IS 4 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1093/jhered/esg072 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 714PM UT WOS:000184922700004 PM 12920101 ER PT J AU Bunnell, JE Price, SD Das, A Shields, TM Glass, GE AF Bunnell, JE Price, SD Das, A Shields, TM Glass, GE TI Geographic Information Systems and spatial analysis of adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) in the Middle Atlantic region of the USA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; spatial correlation; GIS; environmental predictors; Poisson-normal model; soil ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RISK; TICK; ABUNDANCE; SURVIVAL; COASTAL; DAMMINI AB In the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S.A., the vector of Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, and other human and veterinary pathogens is the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say. In 1997 and 1998, 663 adult L scapularis ticks were collected from 320 transects spanning 66,400 km(2) in five states of the Middle Atlantic region. Tick abundance patterns were clustered, with relatively high numbers along the coastal plain of the Chesapeake Bay, decreasing to the west and south. There were significant associations between tick abundance and land cover, distance to water, distance to forest edge, elevation, and soil type. C1 US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bunnell, JE (reprint author), US Dept Interior, US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 570 EP 576 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.4.570 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 705TJ UT WOS:000184410900030 PM 14680128 ER PT J AU Pojeta, J Eernisse, DJ Hoare, RD Henderson, MD AF Pojeta, J Eernisse, DJ Hoare, RD Henderson, MD TI Echinochiton dufoei: A new spiny Ordovician chiton SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIWAXIA-CORRUGATA MATTHEW; BURGESS SHALE; MOLLUSK; FOSSIL AB Echinochiton dufoei new genus and species is described from the Ordovician age Forreston Member, Grand Detour Formation (Blackriveran) near Beloit, Wisconsin. For a variety of reasons, we regard E. dufoei as a chiton; the species is known from four articulated or partially articulated specimens, one of which has eight plates and two of which have a mucro on the tail plate. Echinochiton dufoei differs from other chitons in having large hollow spines that project from each of the known plates. In plate shape and position, E. dufoei is much like the Upper Cambrian species Matthevia variabilis Walcott, 1885, and the Lower Ordovician species Chelodes whitehousei Runnegar, Pojeta, Taylor, and Collins (1979). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Hist Nat, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Biol Sci, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Geol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Burpee Museum Nat Hist, Rockford, IL 61103 USA. RP Pojeta, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Hist Nat, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Eernisse, Douglas/B-5016-2011 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 646 EP 654 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0646:EDANSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 704RZ UT WOS:000184354900003 ER PT J AU Rogalla, NS Carter, JG Pojeta, J AF Rogalla, NS Carter, JG Pojeta, J TI Shell microstructure of the Late Carboniferous rostroconch mollusc Apotocardium lanterna (Branson, 1965) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAMBRIAN MOLLUSKS; BIVALVIA; ORIGIN; WATSONELLA; EVOLUTION AB The Late Carboniferous bransoniid conocardioidean Apotocardium lanterna (Branson, 1965) had an entirely aragonitic shell with a finely prismatic outer shell layer, a predominantly crossed lamellar to complex crossed lamellar middle shell layer, and an "inner" shell layer of finely textured porcelaneous and/or matted structure. This "inner" layer is probably homologous with the inner part of the middle shell layer and the inner layer sensu stricto of bivalved molluscs. Shell morphological and microstructural convergences between conocardioids and living heart cockles suggest that at least some conocardioids may have farmed algal endosymbionts in their posterior mantle margins. This symbiosis may have helped conocardioids compete with the biomechanically more efficient bivalves during the latter part of the Paleozoic. C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Geol Survey, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rogalla, NS (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Hans Meerwein Str, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 655 EP 673 DI 10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0655:SMOTLC>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 704RZ UT WOS:000184354900004 ER PT J AU Cunningham, D Owen, LA Snee, LW Li, JL AF Cunningham, D Owen, LA Snee, LW Li, JL TI Structural framework of a major intracontinental orogenic termination zone: the easternmost Tien Shan, China SO JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Tien Shan; Cenozoic; tectonics; intracontinental belts ID DAY CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION; CENOZOIC TECTONICS; TIAN-SHAN; NORTHWEST CHINA; TARIM BASIN; TIBETAN PLATEAU; TURPAN BASINS; MONGOLIA; EVOLUTION AB The Barkol Tagh and Karlik Tagh ranges of the easternmost Tien Shan are a natural laboratory for studying the fault architecture of an active termination zone of a major intracontinental mountain range. Barkol and Karlik Tagh and lesser ranges to the north are bounded by active thrust faults that locally deform Quaternary sediments. Major thrusts in Karlik Tagh connect along strike to the east with the left-lateral Gobin-Tien Shan Fault System in SW Mongolia. From a Mongolian perspective, Karlik Tagh represents a large restraining bend for this regional strike-slip fault system, and the entire system of thrusts and strike-slip faults in the Karlik Tagh region defines a horsetail splay fault geometry. Regionally, there appears to be a kinematic transition from thrust-dominated deformation in the central Tien Shan to left-lateral transpressional deformation in the easternmost Tien Shan. This transition correlates with a general eastward decrease in mountain belt width and average elevation and a change in the angular relationship between the NNE-directed maximum horizontal stress in the region and the pre-existing basement structural grain, which is northwesterly in the central Tien Shan (orthogonal to SH(max)) but more east-west in the eastern Tien Shan (acute angular relationship with SH(max)). Ar-Ar ages indicate that major range-bounding thrusts in Barkol and Karlik Tagh are latest Permian-Triassic ductile thrust zones that underwent brittle reactivation in the Late Cenozoic. It is estimated that the modem mountain ranges of the extreme easternmost Tien Shan could have been constructed by only 10-15 km of Late Cenozoic horizontal shortening. C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Orogen Proc Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Argon Geochronol Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Cunningham, D (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Geol, Orogen Proc Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM wdc2@le.ac.uk RI Cunningham, William/A-1967-2010 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0016-7649 J9 J GEOL SOC LONDON JI J. Geol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 160 BP 575 EP 590 DI 10.1144/0016-764902-122 PN 4 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 700EB UT WOS:000184098700009 ER PT J AU McMahon, G Alexander, RB Qian, S AF McMahon, G Alexander, RB Qian, S TI Support of total maximum daily load programs using spatially referenced regression models SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; regression models; North Carolina; river basins; nutrients ID PAMLICO DRAINAGE-BASIN; SOIL CHARACTERISTICS; NORTH-CAROLINA; NITROGEN; SIZE; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOSPHORUS; VIRGINIA AB The spatially referenced regressions on watershed attributes modeling approach, as applied to predictions of total nitrogen flux in three North Carolina river basins, addresses several information needs identified by a National Research Council evaluation of the total maximum daily load program. The model provides reach-level predictions of the probability of exceeding water-quality criteria, and estimates of total nitrogen budgets. Model estimates of point- and diffuse-source contributions and nitrogen loss rates in streams and reservoirs compared moderately well with literature estimates. Maps of reach-level predictions of nutrient inputs and delivery provide an intuitive and spatially detailed summary of the origins and fate of nutrients within a basin. C1 US Geol Survey, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Cadmus Grp, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 USA. RP McMahon, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RI Qian, Song/A-3163-2008; Qian, Song/I-6544-2012 NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 129 IS 4 BP 315 EP 329 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:4(315) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 692JN UT WOS:000183658100009 ER PT J AU Schoff, PK Johnson, CM Schotthoefer, AM Murphy, JE Lieske, C Cole, RA Johnson, LB Beasley, VR AF Schoff, PK Johnson, CM Schotthoefer, AM Murphy, JE Lieske, C Cole, RA Johnson, LB Beasley, VR TI Prevalence of skeletal and eye malformations in frogs from north-central United States: Estimations based on collections from randomly selected sites SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE amphibian; anuran; broadleaf forest ecoregion; malformation; survey ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; LIMB DEVELOPMENT; SMALL VERTEBRATES; RANA-TEMPORARIA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; VITAMIN-A; REGENERATION; CARTILAGE; INFECTION AB Skeletal malformation rates for several frog species were determined in a set of randomly selected wetlands in the north-central USA over three consecutive years. In 1998, 62 sites yielded 389 metamorphic frogs, nine (2.3%) of which had skeletal or eye malformations. A subset of the original sites was surveyed in the following 2 yr. In 1999, 1,085 metamorphic frogs were collected from 36 sites and 17 (1.6%) had skeletal or eye in a] formations, while in 2000, examination of 1,131 metamorphs yielded 16 (1.4%) with skeletal or eye malformations. Hindhirib malformations predominated in all three years, but other abnormalities, involving forelimb, eye, and pelvis were also found. Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) constituted the majority of collected metamorphs as well as most of the malformed specimens. However, malformations were also noted in mink frogs (R. septentrionalis), wood frogs (R. sylvatica), and gray free frogs (Hyla spp.). The malformed specimens were found in clustered sites in all three years but the cluster locations were not the same in any year. The malformation rates reported here are higher than the 0.3% rate determined for metamorphic frogs collected from similar sites in Minnesota in the 1960s, and thus, appear to represent an elevation of an earlier baseline malformation rate. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Schoff, PK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 510 EP 521 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723YM UT WOS:000185459200003 PM 14567211 ER PT J AU Docherty, DE Meteyer, CU Wang, J Mao, JH Case, ST Chinchar, VG AF Docherty, DE Meteyer, CU Wang, J Mao, JH Case, ST Chinchar, VG TI Diagnostic and molecular evaluation of three iridovirus-associated salamander mortality events SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma maculation; Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli; Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum; amphibian decline; amphibian mortality events; iridovirus; molecular characterization; pathology; ranavirus; spotted salamander; tiger salamander ID AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; BOHLE IRIDOVIRUS; FISH; VIRUS AB In 1998 viruses were isolated from tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli and A. tigrinum melanostictum) involved in North Dakota and Utah (USA) mortality events and spotted salamander (A. maculatum) larvae in a third event in Maine (USA). Although sympatric caudates and anurans were present at all three sites only ambystomid larvae appeared to be affected. Mortality at the North Dakota site was in the thousands while at the Utah and Maine sites mortality was in the hundreds. Sick larvae were lethargic and slow moving. They swam in circles with obvious buoyancy problems and were unable to remain upright. On the ventral surface, near the gills and hind limbs, red spots or swollen areas were noted. Necropsy findings included: hemorrhages and ulceration of the skin, subcutaneous and intramuscular edema, swollen and pale livers with multifocal hemorrhage, and distended fluid-filled intestines with areas of hemorrhage. Light microscopy revealed intracytoplasmic inclusions, suggestive of a viral infection, in a variety of organs. Electron microscopy of ultra thin sections of the same tissues revealed iridovirus-like particles within the inclusions. These viruses were isolated from a variety of organs, indicating a systemic infection. Representative viral isolates from the three mortality events were characterized using molecular assays. Characterization confirmed that the viral isolates were iridoviruses and that the two tiger salamander isolates were similar and could be distinguished from the spotted salamander isolate. The spotted salamander isolate was similar to frog virus 3, the type species of the genus Ranavirus, while the tiger salamander isolates were not. These data indicate that different species of salamanders can become infected and die in association with different iridoviruses. Challenge assays are required to determine the fish and amphibian host range of these isolates and to assess the susceptibility of tiger and spotted salamanders to heterologous virus isolates. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Docherty, DE (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 556 EP 566 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723YM UT WOS:000185459200008 PM 14567216 ER PT J AU Pence, DB Tewes, ME Laack, LL AF Pence, DB Tewes, ME Laack, LL TI Helminths of the ocelot from southern Texas SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaria marcianae; helminth; survey; Leopardus pardalis; ocelot; Toxascaris leonine; trematode size variation ID ALARIA-MARCIANAE TREMATODA; APATEMON-GRACILIS RUDOLPHI; CANIS-LATRANS; WEST TEXAS; CARNIVORES; DIGENEA; TRANSMISSION; MORPHOLOGY; ECOLOGY; COYOTES AB In the USA, the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) is a highly endangered felid found only in a few remaining vestiges of native thornshrub brushland in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of extreme southern Texas. From 1987-1998, carcasses of 15 adult ocelots that died of-vehicular accidents or natural causes were examined for helminths. All cats had 1-8 (mean=3) helminth species. All were infected with 1-101 (mean+/-SE=32+/-7) Toxas-caris leonina. Other helminths from these ocelots were Alaria marcianae, Brachylaima sp., Mesocestoides lineatus, Taenia rileyi, Oncicola canis, Dirofilaria immitis, Physaloptera rara, Ancylostoma tubaeformae, Cylicospirura chevreuxi, Vogeloides felis, and Metathelazia califo nica. Additionally, two cats had scarring of the aorta with lesions typical of those caused by Spriocerca lupi, although larval nematodes were not seen. A clinal variation in size of nearly three orders of magnitude was noted in the diplostomatid trematodes in the small intestine of one adult male ocelot. Despite the differences in size, all specimens appeared morphololgically identical and were regarded as A. marcianae. Helminth prevalences and abundances, including those of potentially pathogenic species like D. immitis, were low. Although a single heartworm infection may have contributed to the death of one ocelot, helminth infections in general seemed to be of no great consequence to this endangered ocelot population. The helminth fauna of ocelots in the LRGV is reflective of that from wild felids in general; all have been reported previously from the bobcat (Lynx rufus) and mountain lion (Puma concolor) elsewhere in Texas. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Laguna Atascosa Natl Wildlife Refuge, Rio Hondo, TX 78583 USA. RP Tewes, ME (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 683 EP 689 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723YM UT WOS:000185459200023 PM 14567231 ER PT J AU Larsen, RS Nutter, FB Augspurger, T Rocke, TE Thomas, NJ Stoskopf, MK AF Larsen, RS Nutter, FB Augspurger, T Rocke, TE Thomas, NJ Stoskopf, MK TI Failure to transmit avian vacuolar myelinopathy to mallard ducks SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE American coot; Anas platyrhynchos; axian vacuolar myelinopathy; Fulica americana; mallard ID SPONGY DEGENERATION; AMERICAN COOTS; WHITE MATTER AB Avian vactiolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurologic disease that has been diagnosed in free-ranging birds in the southeastern United States. Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leuocephatus), American coots (Fulica americana), and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) have been affected. Previous investigations have not determined the etiology of this disease. In November and December 2002, we attempted to Induce AVM in game-farmed mallards through four, 7-day exposure trials. Mallards were housed in six groups of eight, with two of these groups serving as controls. One group was housed with AVM-affected coots; one group was tube fed daily with water from the lake where affected coots were captured; one group, was tube fed daily with aquatic vegetation (Hydrilla verticillata) from the same lake; and another group was tube fed daily with sediment from the lake. No ducks exhibited clinical neurologic abnormalities consistent with AVM and no evidence of AVM was present at histopathololgic examination of brain tissue. Although limitations in sample size, quantity of individual doses, frequency of dose administration, duration of exposure, and timing of these trials restrict the interpretation of the findings, AVM was not readily transmitted by direct contact, water, hydrilla, or sediment in this investigation. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Raleigh, NC 27636 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Larsen, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 707 EP 711 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723YM UT WOS:000185459200027 PM 14567235 ER PT J AU Leotta, GA Rivas, M Chinen, I Vigo, GB Moredo, FA Coria, N Wolcott, MJ AF Leotta, GA Rivas, M Chinen, I Vigo, GB Moredo, FA Coria, N Wolcott, MJ TI Avian cholera in a southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) from Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; avian cholera; Escherichia coli; Macromectes giganteus; Pasteurella multocida; South Shetland Islands; southern giant petrel ID PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA; FOWL CHOLERA; OUTBREAK; SEROTYPE AB A southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) was found dead at Potter Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland, Antarctica. The adult male was discovered approximately 48 hr after death. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were compatible with avian cholera and the bacterium Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida, serotype A1 was isolated from lung, heart, liver, pericardial sac, and air sacs. In addition, Escherichia coli was isolated from pericardial sac and air sacs. This is the first known report of avian cholera in a southern giant petrel in Antarctica. C1 USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Vet, Lab Invest & Diagnost Bacteriol, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecc, Serv Fisiopatogenia, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Direcc Nacl Antartico, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Wolcott, MJ (reprint author), USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 732 EP 735 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 723YM UT WOS:000185459200032 PM 14567240 ER PT J AU Conway, CJ Simon, JC AF Conway, CJ Simon, JC TI Comparison of detection probability associated with burrowing owl survey methods SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Athene cunicularia; burrowing owl; call-broadcast; detection probability; grassland; monitoring; population declines; survey methods; tape playback; Wyoming ID SPEOTYTO-CUNICULARIA; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; SUCCESS; MEXICO AB Populations of western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) appear to have declined in many portions of their range. A standardized survey and monitoring program is not available to quantity changes in abundance or distribution. Before a standardized survey method is selected for long-term, continent-wide burrowing owl monitoring, potential survey protocols should be rigorously tested. We evaluated 3 potential burrowing owl survey methods: line transect, roadside point-count, and driving surveys. We also examined the effectiveness of using call-broadcasts on point-count surveys to increase detection probability. We conducted 3 replicate burrowing owl surveys (either point-count or driving surveys) along 1,350 kin of roads (114 survey routes) in eastern Wyoming, USA, between June and August 2000. Detection probability varied among observers for both point-count and driving surveys. Detection probability was higher on point-count surveys ((x) over bar = 64.3%) compared to driving surveys ((x) over bar = 37.5%), and point-count surveys sampled a larger effective area away from the road. Walking line-transect Surveys proved ineffective and inefficient for monitoring burrowing owls at large (statewide) scales. Nest-site detection probability was 47% during driving detection trials and 79% during point-count detection trials. We detected over twice as many owls per unit distance on our point-count routes (0.038 owls/km) compared to our driving routes (0.016 owls/km), but detected more owls per unit Lime on our driving routes (0.339 owls/hr vs. 0.229 owls/hr on point-count routes). We detected 22% more Owls using call-broadcast even though all of our detections on point-count surveys were visual rather than aural. Estimates of breeding density were fairly similar based on our driving and point-count surveys (0.110 and 0.074 nest sites/km(2), respectively). Standardized point-counts using call-broadcast along roadsides offer the best approach for monitoring population trends of burrowing owls at large (statewide) spatial scales. Based on our results, we developed a standardized survey protocol for monitoring burrowing owls at large spatial scales. Implementation of these monitoring protocols would provide more precise estimates of population trends of burrowing owls in North America. C1 Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Conway, CJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, US Geol Survey, Arizona Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, 104 Biol Sci E, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cconway@ag.arizona.edu NR 31 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.2307/3802708 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 703TR UT WOS:000184297500006 ER PT J AU Kaminski, RM Davis, JB Essig, HW Gerard, PD Reinecke, KJ AF Kaminski, RM Davis, JB Essig, HW Gerard, PD Reinecke, KJ TI True metabolizable energy for wood ducks from acorns compared to other waterfowl foods SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acorns; Aix sponsa; bottomland hardwoods; foraging; metabolizable energy; moist-soil; Quercus spp.; red oak; waterfowl; wood duck ID FEMALE MALLARDS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NUTRIENT USE; VALUES; FEEDINGSTUFFS; CONSEQUENCES; HYPOTHESIS; ENERGETICS; DEPLETION; SELECTION AB Acorns of bottomland red oaks (Quercus spp.) are an important food of North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa). Barras et al. (1996) demonstrated that female wood ducks selected willow oak (Q, phellos) acorns over other species. We measured true metabolizable energy (TME) derived by captive, wild-strain, adult female wood ducks from acorns of willow oak, water oak (Q. nigra), cherrybark oak (Q. pagoda), and pin oak (Q. palustris) to determine whether female wood ducks' preference for willow oak acorns was related to TME. Estimates of TME within acorn species were relatively precise, yet we did not detect variation in TME among acorn species (P = 0.31); hence, we estimated TME across species (2.76 +/- 0.033 [SE] kcal/g dry mass; n = 34). We Concluded that TME apparently did not explain female wood ducks' preference for willow oak acorns and hypothesized that morphological characteristics of willow oak acorns may be proximate cues related to selection by wood ducks. We also summarized known TME estimates for acorns fed to wood ducks and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and natural and agricultural foods fed to mallards, northern pintails (A. acuta), blue-winged teal (A. discors), and Canada geese (Branta canadensis). We found that acorns and moist-soil plant seeds and tubers provided, on average, about 76% of the TME in agricultural seeds. Thus, bottomland-hardwood and moist-soil habitats have potential to provide significant amounts of dietary energy, as well as greater diversity of foods and nutrients than croplands. Researchers should continue to determine TME of common foods (plant and animal) of waterfowl, and use TME in estimating waterfowl habitat carrying capacity (e.g., Reinecke et al. 1989). Additionally, large-scale, reliable estimates of plant and animal food availability in bottomland-hardwood and moist-soil habitats are needed to evaluate carrying capacity of landscapes important to waterfowl, Such as the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kaminski, RM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rkaminski@cfr.msstate.edu NR 62 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.2307/3802712 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 703TR UT WOS:000184297500010 ER PT J AU Pietz, PJ Krapu, GL Brandt, DA Cox, RR AF Pietz, PJ Krapu, GL Brandt, DA Cox, RR TI Factors affecting gadwall brood and duckling survival in Prairie Pothole Landscapes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas strepera; brood age; brood survival; duckling survival; gadwall; North Dakota; Prairie Pothole Region; radiotransmitter; rainfall; seasonal wetlands; temperature ID CENTRAL NORTH-DAKOTA; MALLARD DUCKLINGS; WATER CONDITIONS; NESTING DUCKS; SASKATCHEWAN; RECRUITMENT; MINNESOTA; ECOLOGY; DROUGHT AB Waterfowl biologists need reliable predictors of brood and duckling survival to accurately estimate recruitment rates. We examined 30-day survival rates of gadwall (Anas strepera) broods (1992-1994) and ducklings (1990-1994) in eastern North Dakota, USA, during years when water conditions ranged from extremely dry to extremely wet. We evaluated effects of several variables on brood survival: (1) percent of seasonal wetland basins containing water, (2) Occurrence of rain on the current or 2 previous exposure days, (3) minimum ambient temperature averaged over the current and 2 previous exposure days, (4) hatch date, (5) duckling age, and (6) brood size. Only 9 of 58 radiomarked females lost. their entire broods; Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival rate for broods was 0.84. Brood size (adjusted for hatch date) was a better blood-survival predictor than were any of the environmental variables. Risk of total brood loss decreased by 24% for each additional duckling in the brood. We monitored fates of 212 radiomarked ducklings from 94 broods. Daily risk of death for ducklings was twice as high when seasonal ponds were scarce its when ponds were abundant. Duckling survival rate was lower during the first 7 days of life whether it rained or not; survival rate was greater for 8- to 30-day-old ducklings, but was reduced by rain. Thirty-day duckling survival was greatest when minimum daily temperatures exceeded 10 degreesC and no rain occurred. We attributed 86% of 87 deaths of radiomarked ducklings to predation; American mink (Mustela. vison) accounted for greater than or equal to68% of the 40 deaths for which predator type could be ascertained. Despite apparent resilience of gadwall populations during drought, our study documented a positive effect of seasonal wetland availability on gadwall duckling survival. Management efforts to improve recruitment will be more effective in years when most seasonal basins contain water. C1 US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Pietz, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM pam_pietz@usgs.gov NR 61 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 564 EP 575 DI 10.2307/3802714 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 703TR UT WOS:000184297500012 ER PT J AU Perkins, DW Vickery, PD Shriver, WG AF Perkins, DW Vickery, PD Shriver, WG TI Spatial dynamics of source-sink habitats: Effects on rare grassland birds SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bachman's sparrow; core; dry prairie; edge; Florida grasshopper sparrow; grassland birds; habitat fragmentation; nest success; reproductive success; source-sink ID FLORIDA GRASSHOPPER SPARROW; NEST SUCCESS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; BACHMANS SPARROW; MIGRATORY BIRDS; POPULATION; EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; PREDATION; SURVIVAL AB Fragmentation and edge effects adversely affect passerines in North America, primarily by reducing territory density, reproductive success, and survival. As natural landscapes become increasingly altered and fragmented by human development, understanding the demographic parameters of remaining subpopulations is important. We wanted to determine whether remaining dry prairie fragments in central Florida, USA, were acting as population sources or sinks for 2 rare and declining sparrows: the federally endangered Florida grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) and the regionally threatened Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis). We obtained sparrow survival estimates from 2 sites in central Florida and combined these with productivity estimates from 3 sites (1996-1998) to determine whether each site was acting as a source or sink. We also explored whether subunits within a site consistently functioned as sources. For Florida grasshopper sparrows, we found that core areas >400 in from edge were consistently sources. We think that the only way Florida grasshopper sparrows can persist at these sites is if the core source areas produce enough surplus young to compensate for the sink habitat along the wide borders of these prairie fragments. In contrast to grasshopper sparrows, we found no consistent source areas for Bachman's sparrows. Dry prairie seems to be sink habitat for Bachman's sparrows, and this species is likely to persist in this habitat only through continued recruitment from adjacent long-leaf pine (Pinus palustris) stands. We think that large prairie fragments, possibly >4,000 ha, are necessary for maintaining source habitat toy Florida grasshopper sparrows and possibly other grassland bird species. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Perkins, DW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 3860 Tollgate Blvd,Suite 300, Naples, FL 34114 USA. EM dustin_perkins@fws.gov NR 68 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.2307/3802716 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 703TR UT WOS:000184297500014 ER PT J AU Murray, LD Best, LB AF Murray, LD Best, LB TI Short-term bird response to harvesting switchgrass for biomass in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; birds; energy crops; grassland; Iowa; nest success; Panicum virgatum; switchgrass ID CONSERVATION-RESERVE-PROGRAM; GRASSLAND BIRDS; NEST SUCCESS; NORTH-DAKOTA; CRP FIELDS; ABUNDANCE; HABITAT; VEGETATION; PHEASANTS; SURVIVAL AB Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) provides habitat for grassland birds, but as contracts expire, some CRP fields might be returned to rowcrop production. One alternative to returning CRP fields to rowcrops is to produce switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) for use as a biomass fuel. Because the biomass is harvested during the fall and winter, breeding birds would not be directly affected by mowing the fields but might be influenced by changes in vegetation structure resulting from the harvest. We evaluated bird abundances and nest success in totally, harvested, partially harvested (alternating cut and uncut strips), and nonharvested CRP switchgrass fields in southern Iowa, USA, in 1999 and 2000. Species richness did not differ among harvest treatments. Abundances of most species (16 of 18) were not affected by the harvesting of switchgrass fields, and strip width did not affect bird numbers in strip-harvested fields. Grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) were more abundant in harvested portions of fields, and more sedge wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were recorded in nonharvested areas. The residual vegetation in nonharvested areas provided nest cover for species that begin nesting early in the season (e.g., northern harrier [Circus cyaneus] and ring-necked pheasant [Phasianus colchicus]). Nest success rates of grasshopper sparrows and common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were similar to those reported by other studies in switchgrass fields and might be sufficient to maintain stable populations. In general, switchgrass biomass fields create breeding habitat for some grassland birds, and a Mixture of harvested and nonharvested fields would be more beneficial to grassland birds than totally harvesting or partially harvesting all switchgrass fields. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Murray, LD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USGS,BRD, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ldmurray@wisc.edu NR 48 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 611 EP 621 DI 10.2307/3802718 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 703TR UT WOS:000184297500016 ER PT J AU Findlay, SEG Sinsabaugh, RL Sobczak, WV Hoostal, M AF Findlay, SEG Sinsabaugh, RL Sobczak, WV Hoostal, M TI Metabolic and structural response of hyporheic microbial communities to variations in supply of dissolved organic matter SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; FOREST STREAM; CARBON; BACTERIA; SOIL; ECOSYSTEM; SEDIMENTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; RESERVOIR AB Hyporheic sediment bacterial communities were exposed to dissolved organic matter (DOM) from a variety of sources to assess the interdependence of bacterial metabolism and community composition. Experiments ranged from small-scale core perfusions with defined compounds (glucose, bovine serum albumin) to mesocosms receiving natural leaf leachate or water from different streams. Response variables included bacterial production, oxygen consumption, extracellular enzyme activity, and community similarity as manifest by changes in banding patterns of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All DOM manipulations generated responses in at least one metabolic variable. Additions of both labile and recalcitrant materials increased either oxygen consumption, production, or both depending on background DOM. Enzyme activities were affected by both types of carbon addition with largest effects from the labile mixture. Cluster analysis of RAPD data showed strong divergence of communities exposed to labile versus recalcitrant DOM. Additions of leaf leachate to mesocosms representing hyporheic flowpaths caused increases in oxygen consumption and some enzyme activities with weaker effects on production. Community structure was strongly affected; samples from the leachate-amended mesocosms clustered separately from the control samples. In mesocosms receiving water from streams ranging in DOC (0.5-4.5 mg L-1), there were significant differences in bacterial growth, oxygen consumption, and enzyme activities. RAPD analysis showed strongest clustering of samples by stream type with more subtle effects of position along the flowpaths. Responses in community metabolism were always accompanied by shifts in community composition, suggesting carbon supply affects both functional and structural attributes of hyporheic bacterial communities. C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Biol, Toledo, OH 43604 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Biol, Toledo, OH 43604 USA. RP Findlay, SEG (reprint author), Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB,65 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. NR 47 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 56 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1608 EP 1617 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 702WN UT WOS:000184247900024 ER PT J AU Dojiri, M Yamaguchi, M Weisberg, SB Lee, HJ AF Dojiri, M Yamaguchi, M Weisberg, SB Lee, HJ TI Changing anthropogenic influence on the Santa Monica Bay watershed SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; SEDIMENT AB Santa Monica Bay is an open coastal embayment located directly seaward of Los Angeles, California. The Bay provides vital economic value through its water-dependent activities, such as swimming, diving, boating, and fishing. An increase from 100,000 residents in 1900 to 10 million in 2000 has imposed numerous environmental stressors on the Bay, including urbanization of the watershed. Pollutant discharges into the Bay increased throughout the early part of the century, but declined following passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972. Since that time, the predominant source of pollutant inputs has changed from point sources to non-point urban runoff. To assess how present-day and historical pollution interact to affect the environmental quality of Santa Monica Bay, three organizations collaborated on a multi-disciplinary study in 1997, towards which this volume is focused. This paper details the temporal patterns of anthropogenic influence on Santa Monica Bay to provide context for the papers that follow. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 City Los Angeles, Environm Monitoring Div, Playa Del Rey, CA 90293 USA. Santa Monica Bay Restorat Project, Los Angeles, CA 90013 USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Dojiri, M (reprint author), City Los Angeles, Environm Monitoring Div, 12000 Vista Mar, Playa Del Rey, CA 90293 USA. EM mad@SAN.LACITY.org RI Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(03)00003-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800001 PM 12648947 ER PT J AU Gardner, JV Dartnell, P Mayer, LA Clarke, JEH AF Gardner, JV Dartnell, P Mayer, LA Clarke, JEH TI Geomorphology, acoustic backscatter, and processes in Santa Monica Bay from multibeam mapping SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geomorphology; submarine canyons; multibeam; backscatter; California borderland ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SLOPE AB Santa Monica Bay was mapped in 1996 using a high-resolution multibeam system, providing the first substantial update of the submarine geomorphology since the initial compilation by Shepard and Emery [(1941) Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 31]. The multibeam mapping generated not only high-resolution bathymetry, but also coregistered, calibrated acoustic backscatter at 95 kHz. The geomorphology has been subdivided into six provinces; shelf, marginal plateau, submarine canyon, basin slope, apron, and basin. The dimensions, gradients, and backscatter characteristics of each province is described and related to a combination of tectonics, climate, sea level, and sediment supply. Fluctuations of eustatic sea level have had a profound effect on the area; by periodically eroding the surface of Santa Monica plateau, extending the mouth of the Los Angeles River to various locations along the shelf break, and by connecting submarine canyons to rivers. A wetter glacial climate undoubtedly generated more sediment to the rivers that then transported the increased sediment load to the low-stand coastline and canyon heads. The trends of Santa Monica Canyon and several bathymetric highs suggest a complex tectonic stress field that has controlled the various segments. There is no geomorphic evidence to suggest Redondo Canyon is fault controlled. The San Pedro fault can be extended more than 30 km to the northwest by the alignment of a series of bathymetric highs and abrupt changes in direction of channel thalwegs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada. RP Gardner, JV (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 999,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00323-9 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800002 PM 12648948 ER PT J AU Edwards, BD Dartnell, P Chezar, H AF Edwards, BD Dartnell, P Chezar, H TI Characterizing benthic substrates of Santa Monica Bay with seafloor photography and multibeam sonar imagery SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE benthic fauna; benthic habitat; multibeam sonar; sediment; shelf; slope; Southern California; substrate ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SIDESCAN SONAR; CLASSIFICATION; CALIFORNIA; HABITATS AB Seafloor photography from three cruises is combined with multibeam sonar imagery to characterize benthic substrates and associated fauna of Santa Monica Bay, California. The multibeant EM1000 imagery was collected in 1996. Two sampling cruises (in 1998 and 1999) provided photographs at 142 sites throughout the Bay; a final cruise (in 2000) collected still photographs and continuous video along nine transects on the mainland shelf from Pt. Dume to the Palos Verdes peninsula. Muddy substrates (typically low backscatter) were the predominant habitat throughout the Santa Monica Bay, from the 20 m isobath to the adjacent Santa Monica basin floor (780 m). Bioturbation was pervasive as evidenced by abundant open burrows, mounds, and faunal tracks and trails. Sandy substrates (typically intermediate to high backscatter) were restricted to the innermost mainland shelf and a narrow outer shelf band north of Santa Monica Canyon. Cobble and gravel substrates (high backscatter) were restricted to the innermost shelf south of El Segundo and limited parts of the shelf edge. Rocky substrates (high backscatter) with interspersed patches of sand and gravel occurred on the high-relief marginal plateau and along parts of the shelf break offshore of Malibu. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Edwards, BD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00324-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800003 PM 12648949 ER PT J AU Hein, JR Dowling, JS Schuetze, A Lee, HJ AF Hein, JR Dowling, JS Schuetze, A Lee, HJ TI Clay-mineral suites, sources, and inferred dispersal routes: Southern California continental shelf SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Southern California; clay minerals; shelf sediments; river sediments; source areas; dispersal routes ID FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENT; ALASKA; PATTERNS; COAST; GULF AB Clay mineralogy is useful in determining the distribution, sources, and dispersal routes of fine-grained sediments. In addition, clay minerals, especially smectite, may control the degree to which contaminants are adsorbed by the sediment. We analyzed 250 shelf sediment samples, 24 river-suspended-sediment samples, and 12 river-bed samples for clay-mineral contents in the Southern California Borderland from Point Conception to the Mexico border. In addition, six samples were analyzed from the Palos Verdes Headland in order to characterize the clay minerals contributed to the offshore from that point source. The < 2 μm-size fraction was isolated, Mg-saturated, and glycolated before analysis by X-ray diffraction. Semi-quantitative percentages of smectite, illite, and kaolinite plus chlorite were calculated using peak areas and standard weighting factors. Most fine-grained sediment is supplied to the shelf by rivers during major winter storms, especially during El Nino years. The largest sediment fluxes to the region are from the Santa Ynez and Santa Clara Rivers, which drain the Transverse Ranges. The mean clay-mineral suite for the entire shelf sediment data set (26% smectite, 50% illite, 24% kaolinite+chlorite) is closely comparable to that for the mean of all the rivers (31% smectite, 49% illite, 20% kaolinite+ chlorite), indicating that the main source of shelf fine-grained sediments is the adjacent rivers. However, regional variations do exist and the shelf is divided into four provinces with characteristic clay-mineral suites. The means of the clay-mineral suites of the two southernmost provinces are within analytical error of the mineral suites of adjacent rivers. The next province to the north includes Santa Monica Bay and has a suite of clay minerals derived from mixing of fine-grained sediments from several sources, both from the north and south. The northernmost province clay-mineral suite matches moderately well that of the adjacent rivers, but does indicate some mixing from sources in adjacent provinces. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Calif State Univ San Jose, Dept Geol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Hein, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00326-4 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800005 PM 12648951 ER PT J AU Noble, MA Xu, JP AF Noble, MA Xu, JP TI Observations of large-amplitude cross-shore internal bores near the shelf break, Santa Monica Bay, CA SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE internal bores; tidal bores; benthic boundary layers; internal waves; continental shelf processes ID SEDIMENT-TRANSPORT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CALIFORNIA; SOLITONS; WAVES AB Two sets of moorings were deployed along a cross-shelf transect in central Santa Monica bay for four months in the winter of 1998-1999. Both sites had an array of instruments attached to tripods set on the seafloor to monitor currents over the entire water column, surface waves, near-bed temperature, water clarity and suspended sediment. A companion mooring had temperature sensors spaced approximately 10 m apart to measure temperature profiles between the surface and the seafloor. One array was deployed in 70 m of water at a site adjacent to the shelf break, just northwest of a major ocean outfall. The other was deployed on the mid shelf in 35 m of water approximately 6 km from the shelf break site. The subtidal currents in the region flowed parallel to the isobaths with fluctuating time scales around 10 days, a typical coastal-ocean pattern. How ever, during the falling phase of the barotropic spring tide, sets of large-amplitude, sheared cross-shore current pulses with a duration of 2-5 h were observed at the shelf break site. Currents in these pulses flowed exclusively offshore in a thin layer near the bed with amplitudes reaching 30-40 cm/s. Simultaneously, currents with amplitudes around 15-20 cm/s flowed exclusively onshore in the thicker layer between the offshore flow layer and the sea surface. The net offshore transport was about half the onshore transport. Near-surface isotherms were depressed 30-40 m. These pulses were, likely internal bores generated by tidal currents. Bed stresses associated with these events exceeded 3 dynes/cm(2). These amplitudes are large enough to resuspend and transport not only fine-grained material, but also medium to coarse sands from the shelf toward the slope. Consequently, the seafloor over the shelf break was swept clear of fine sediments. The data suggest that the internal bores dissipate and are reduced in amplitude as they propagate across this relatively narrow shelf. There is evidence that they reach the 35 m site, but other coastal ocean processes obscure their distinctive characteristics. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Noble, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 999, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00328-8 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800007 PM 12648953 ER PT J AU Sommerfield, CK Leeb, HJ AF Sommerfield, CK Leeb, HJ TI Magnitude and variability of Holocene sediment accumulation in Santa Monica Bay, California SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE marine geology; Holocene; coastal waters; sedimentation rate; sediment pollution; radiocarbon; geochronology ID CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PEDRO BASINS; LOS-ANGELES; SHELF; C-14; PARTICLES; COASTAL; SYSTEMS; WATERS AB The spatial variability of Holocene (past 10,000 years) sediment accumulation in Santa Monica Bay (California) was examined to identify controls sediment trapping in a bathymetrically complex coastal embayment and to provide geologic context for the post-industrial sedimentary record and associated pollution gradients. Sediment chronologies based on downcore AMS C-14 dates were used to quantify long-term (millennia) accumulation rates in an effort to elucidate particle-transport pathways and sinks. Sediment accumulation rates for the full range of bayfloor environments (50-630 in water depths) range from 22 to 102 mg/ cm(2)/year(15-88 mm/100 year), have an overall mean of 51 +/- 21 mg/cm2/year (1sigma, n= 11), and are comparable to rates reported for adjacent borderland basins. Maximal accumulation rates on the Malibu shelf and within a reentrant to Redondo canyon are interpreted to reflect (1) proximity to sediment sources and (2) localized oceanographic and topographic conditions conducive to sediment trapping and deposition, The C-14-derived accumulation rates are 2-10 times lower than rates determined through Pb-210 geochronology for the same sites in a related study, revealing that Holocene sediment accumulation has been non-steady-state. Santa Monica Bay is an important sink for suspended matter; averaged over the past several millennia a mass of sediment equivalent to 10-80% of the modern annual river supply is sequestered yearly. Net influx of suspended matter derived from the adjacent Palos Verdes shelf is evinced by a concentration gradient of pp'-DDE in bayfloor sediments, whereas the distribution of anthropogenic silver suggests transport from Santa Monica shelf to the southeastern boundary of the bay. The results of this study provide new insight to the long-term fates of particulate matter in Los Angeles coastal waters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sommerfield, CK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 176 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00329-X PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800008 PM 12648954 ER PT J AU Bay, SM Zeng, EY Lorenson, TD Tran, K Alexander, C AF Bay, SM Zeng, EY Lorenson, TD Tran, K Alexander, C TI Temporal and spatial distributions of contaminants in sediments of Santa Monica Bay, California SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Santa Monica Bay; sediment contamination; 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane; polychlorinated biphenyls; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; linear alkylbenzenes; total organic carbon; trace metals ID VERDES CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; FRANCISCO BAY; HYDROCARBONS; MARINE; ALKYLBENZENES; ACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSAL; PB-210; TH-234 AB Contaminant inputs from wastewater discharge, a major source of contamination to Santa Monica Bay (SMB), have declined drastically during the last three decades as a result of improved treatment processes and better source control. To assess the concomitant temporal changes in the SMB sediments, a study was initiated in June 1997, in which 25 box cores were collected using a stratified random sampling design. Five sediment strata corresponding to the time intervals of 1890-1920, 1932-1963, 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997 were identified using Pb-210 dating techniques. Samples from each stratum were analyzed for metals, 1, 1, 1 -Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total organic carbon (TOC). Samples from the 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997 strata were also analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). Sediment metal concentrations increased from 1890-1979 and were similar during the time intervals of 1965-1979, 1979-1989, and 1989-1997, although the mass emissions of trace metals from sewage inputs declined substantially during the same time period. Trace organic contamination in SMB was generally highest in sediments corresponding to deposition during the years of 1965-1979 or 1979-1989 and showed a decline in concentration in the 1989-1997 stratum. Temporal trends of contamination were greatest in sediments collected from areas near the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) outfall system and on the slope of Redondo Canyon. The highest contaminant concentrations were present in sediments near the HTP 7-mile outfall in the 1965-1979 stratum. Elevated trace metal and organic concentrations were still present in the 1989-1997 stratum of most stations, suggesting that sediment contaminants have moved vertically in the sediment column since sludge discharges from the 7-mile outfall (a dominant source of contamination to the bay) ceased in 1987. The widespread distributions of DDTs and PCBs in SMB and highly confined distribution of LABs around the HTP outfall system were indicative of a dispersal mechanism remobilizing historically deposited contaminants to areas relatively remote from the point of discharge. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. US Geol Survey, Western Coastal & Marine Geol Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. City Los Angeles, Bur Sanitat, Los Angeles, CA 90013 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Bay, SM (reprint author), So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, 7171 Fenwick Lane, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00334-3 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800013 PM 12648959 ER PT J AU McGann, M Alexander, CR Bay, SM AF McGann, M Alexander, CR Bay, SM TI Response of benthic foraminifers to sewage discharge and remediation in Santa Monica Bay, California SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE benthic foraminifers; California; Santa Monica Bay; hyperion outfall; recent; amphipods ID WASHINGTON CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; PACIFIC SARDINE; BARBARA BASIN; POLLUTION; SEDIMENTS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; RECORD AB Examination of a time series of foraminiferal assemblage distributions on the continental shelf and slope of Santa Monica. Bay from 1955 to 1997-1998 suggests that the benthic microfauna have been greatly affected by the quality and character of the municipal sludge and wastewater discharged into the bay over the last half-century by the Hyperion Treatment Plant serving the greater Los Angeles area. Five species dominate both the living and dead foraminiferal assemblages of the 1997-1998 surface samples, including Eggerella advena, Trochammina pacifica, Bulimina denudata, Buliminella elegantissima, and Epistominella bradyana. Temporal patterns of relative species abundances for both living and dead assemblages, as well as toxicity tests measuring amphipod survival and sea urchin fertilization success, show improvement since the sewage treatment program was enhanced in 1986. None of these trends are evident 10 years earlier, coincident with the onset of a Pacific Decadal Oscillation warming trend. This fact suggests that remediation, and not climate change, is responsible for the faunal changes observed. Even with remediation, however, all foraminiferal faunal trends have not returned to early-outfall levels. The organic-waste indicating species T. pacifica shows a slow decline in abundance as sew. age treatment and sludge disposal activities have improved, whereas a dramatic increase in the abundance of the pioneer colonizer of impacted regions, E. advena, has occurred, often with a reciprocal response by B. denudata. Also evident is a dramatic shift in the abundance of the once-dominant species Nonionella basispinata and Nonionella stella, which were unable to recolonize Santa Monica Bay since the two major outfalls (5- and 7-mile) began discharging. Temporal variations in species abundances, as well as range expansions, contractions, and the inability to recolonize areas previously, or presently, impacted, suggests that foraminifers are a useful tool in defining areas affected by waste discharge. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Westminster, CA 92683 USA. RP McGann, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 100 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00336-7 PG 44 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 675LG UT WOS:000182695800015 PM 12648961 ER PT J AU Cantu, C Wright, RG Scott, JM Strand, E AF Cantu, C Wright, RG Scott, JM Strand, E TI Conservation assessment of current and proposed nature reserves of Tamaulipas state, Mexico SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; gap analysis; nature reserves; protected area system ID GAP ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; AREAS; USA AB The Mexican state of Tamaulipas located in the northeastern portion of the country currently has five state nature reserves covering slightly less than 3% of its land area. These reserves were established for a variety of reasons, many unrelated to the protection of biological resources. In 2000 in response to a growing concern about the lack of organized conservation reserve planning to protect the important biological and physical features of Mexico, the Mexican Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) proposed 13 new terrestrial reserves for Tamaulipas. If established these new reserves would increase the proportion of terrestrial protected lands in the state to over 21%. We compiled a geographic information system (GIS) using existing digital thematic maps of physical and biological features to examine how the existing and proposed reserves might serve to protect the biodiversity and physical features of the state. We found that most of the existing protected sites occur in areas with elevations > 1000-2000 m with temperate climate and dominated by pine forest, oak forest, and cloud forest vegetation cover types. The state's dominant biotic region-low elevation coastal plain with tropical and and climate types and xeric scrub vegetation-is disproportionately underrepresented in the current reserve system. The creation of the proposed areas would substantially increase the protection of mid and high elevation lands. The largest gap in the protected lands network would be low elevation, level, coastal lands. C1 Univ Nuevo Leon, Coll Forestry, Linares, NL, Mexico. Univ Idaho, US Geol Survey, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Cantu, C (reprint author), Univ Nuevo Leon, Coll Forestry, Km 145 Carr CD Victoria, Linares, NL, Mexico. EM ccantu@fcf.uanl.mx NR 36 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 220 EP 228 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 901OB UT WOS:000227290700005 ER PT J AU Boetsch, JR Van Manen, FK Clark, JD AF Boetsch, JR Van Manen, FK Clark, JD TI Predicting rare plant occurrence in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conservation planning; habitat modeling; landscape model; predicting plant species occurrence; rare species ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; SITE PRODUCTIVITY; TRANSFORMATION; INDEX; MODEL AB We investigated the applicability of biometric habitat modeling to rare plant inventory and conservation by developing and field testing a geographically explicit model for Cardamine clematitis Shuttleworth ex A. Gray (mountain bittercress), an endemic plant of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA. For each of 187 confirmed coordinates for C. clematitis in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 13 habitat variables were measured with a geographic information system. These data were used to calculate Mahalanobis distances for each 30-m x 30-m pixel within the study area; small values of Mahalanobis distance represented site conditions similar to those of known locations of C. clematitis, whereas larger distance values represented dissimilar conditions. Following model development, we tested model performance by sampling 120 randomly distributed plots for C. clematitis presence. Logistic regression showed that Mahalanobis distance values were strongly related to C. clematitis occurrence (P = 0.039). Overall, 75% of all known occurrences of C clematitis had associated Mahalanobis distance values below 17.7, and 95% of all occurrences were below 33.8; the median Mahalanobis distance value for the study area as a whole was 40.0. A habitat suitability cutoff value was defined which identified roughly 23,640 ha (19.5% of the study area) as suitable habitat. Although the model successfully predicted species absence in test plots with high Mahalanobis distance values, many sites with low values did not contain C. clematitis. Only 16.2% of test plots below the habitat suitability cutoff contained C. clematitis. The absence of C. clematitis from sites with low Mahalanobis distance values (low specificity) is not necessarily indicative of a poor model; metapopulation processes (e.g., recolonizations, local extinctions) have been shown to play a major role in presence or absence of many plant species. That may be partially the case with our model as evidenced by a relationship between C. clematitis presence and habitat patch size. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, So Appalachian Field Lab, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Twin Creeks Nat Resources Ctr, Natl Pk Serv, Great Smoky Mt Natl Pk, Gatlinburg, TN 37738 USA. RP Boetsch, JR (reprint author), Olymp Natl Pk, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM John_Boetsch@nps.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 901OB UT WOS:000227290700006 ER PT J AU Beck, K Neves, RJ AF Beck, K Neves, RJ TI An evaluation of selective feeding by three age-groups of the rainbow mussel Villosa iris SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ZEBRA MUSSELS; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; INGESTION; LARVAE; GROWTH; FOOD; METABOLITES AB A tri-algal diet was fed to three age-groups of the rainbow mussel Villosa iris: ages 2-3 d, 50-53 d, and 3-6 years. Changes in the relative abundance of each algal species were determined in 5-h feeding trials from feeding chambers and by gut content analyses. All age-groups rejected Scenedesmus quadricauda and preferentially selected Nannochloropsis oculata and Selenastrum capricornutum, principally on the basis of size. Changes in the relative abundance of algae in feeding chambers did not differ significantly among age-groups. Observed differences in the ingested quantities of the similar-sized N. oculata and S. capricornutum were attributed to other particle-related characteristics. Results indicate that the rainbow mussel can be fed similar-sized algae at all ages in captive propagation facilities. When developing a suitable algal diet for rearing juvenile mussels, one probably need not investigate different species at each stage of development if the algae used are in the 2.8-8.5-mum size range. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Neves, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 65 IS 3 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1577/C02-031 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 701BP UT WOS:000184145900004 ER PT J AU Probst, JR Donner, DM Bocetti, CI Sjogren, S AF Probst, JR Donner, DM Bocetti, CI Sjogren, S TI Population increase in Kirtland's warbler and summer range expansion to Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula, USA SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE carrying capacity; colonization; dispersal; Dendroica kirtlandii; jack pine; Michigan; population expansion; Wisconsin; USA. AB The threatened Kirtland's warbler Dendroica kirtlandii breeds in stands of young jack pine Piniis banksiana growing on well-drained soils in Michigan, USA. We summarize information documenting the range expansion of Kirtland's warbler due to increased habitat management in the core breeding range in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan during 1990-2000. We collected records and conducted searches for the species in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Wisconsin over 1978-2000. During that time 25 males were found in Wisconsin and 90 males in the Upper Peninsula. We documented colonization of Michigan's Upper Peninsula by six ringed males from the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Four ringed birds also moved back to the core breeding range, including two males that made two-way movements between the core breeding range and the Upper Peninsula. Thirty-seven females were observed with males from 1995 to 2000, all in Michigan. Nesting activities were noted for 25 pairs and at least nine nests fledged young. One male ringed as a fledgling returned to breed in two subsequent years. After a 19-year period of population stability, the Kirtland's warbler population increased four-fold during 1990-2000, most likely in response to a tripling in habitat area. This increase in sightings and documented breeding may be related to habitat availability in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and to saturation of habitat in the main breeding range. The increase in extra-limital records during 1995-1999 corresponds to the time when the population went from the minimum to the maximum projected population densities, and a decline in natural wildfire habitat was just offset by new managed habitat for the Kirtland's warbler. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, No Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Calif Univ Penn, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, California, PA 15419 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, St Ignace, MI 49781 USA. RP Probst, JR (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, No Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JUL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1017/S0030605303000632 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 727VH UT WOS:000185681200020 ER PT J AU Veitzer, SA Troutman, BM Gupta, VK AF Veitzer, SA Troutman, BM Gupta, VK TI Power-law tail probabilities of drainage areas in river basins SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL SELF-SIMILARITY; OPTIMAL CHANNEL NETWORKS; PHYSICAL EXPLANATION; DISTRIBUTION CURVE; SCALING LAWS; TURBULENCE; TERMS AB We examine the appearance of power-law behavior in rooted tree graphs in the context of river networks. It has long been observed that the tails of statistical distributions of upstream areas in river networks, measured above every link, obey a power-law relationship over a range of scales. We examine this behavior by considering a subset of all links, defined as those links which drain complete Strahler basins, where the Strahler order defines a discrete measure of scale, for self-similar networks with both deterministic and random topologies. We find an excellent power-law structure in the tail probabilities for complete Strahler basin areas, over many ranges of scale. We show analytically that the tail probabilities converge to a power law under the assumptions of (1) simple scaling of the distributions of complete Strahler basin areas and (2) application of Horton's law of stream numbers. The convergence to a power law does not occur for all underlying distributions, but for a large class of statistical distributions which have specific limiting properties. For example, underlying distributions which are exponential and gamma distributed, while not power-law scaling, produce power laws in the tail probabilities when rescaled and sampled according to Horton's law of stream numbers. The power-law exponent is given by the expression phi=ln(R-b)/ln(R-A), where R-b is the bifurcation ratio and R-A is the Horton area ratio. It is commonly observed that R(b)approximate toR(A) in many river basins, implying that the tail probability exponent for complete Strahler basins is close to 1.0. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Res Council, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Natl Res Council, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM seth.veitzer@colorado.edu; troutman@usgs.gov; gupta@cires.colorado.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 AR 016123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.016123 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 708RK UT WOS:000184582500033 PM 12935216 ER PT J AU Ager, TA AF Ager, TA TI Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of the central Bering land bridge from St. Michael Island, western Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; central Beringia; land bridge; pollen; paleoecology; paleoclimates ID NORTHWESTERN ALASKA; SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; SEA; PALEOCLIMATE; WISCONSIN; LANDSCAPE; REGION; STEPPE AB Pollen analysis of a sediment core from Zagoskin Lake on St. Michael Island, northeast Bering Sea, provides a history of vegetation and climate for the central Bering land bridge and adjacent western Alaska for the past greater than or equal to30,000 C-14 yr B.P. During the late middle Wisconsin interstadial (greater than or equal to30,000-26,000 C-14 yr B.P.) vegetation was dominated by graminoid-herb tundra with willows (Salix) and minor dwarf birch (Betula nana) and Ericales. During the late Wisconsin glacial interval (26,000-15,000 C-14 yr B.P.) vegetation was graminoid-herb tundra with willows. but with fewer dwarf birch and Ericales, and more herb types associated with dry habitats and disturbed soils. Grasses (Poaceae) dominated during the peak of this glacial interval. Graminoid-herb tundra suggests that central Beringia had a cold, and climate from greater than or equal to30,000 to 15,000 C-14 yr B.P. Between 15,000 and 13,000 14C yr B.P., birch shrub-Ericales-sedge-moss tundra began to spread rapidly across the land bridge and Alaska. This major vegetation change suggests moister, warmer summer climates and deeper winter snows. A brief invasion of Populus (poplar, aspen) occurred ca. 11,000-9500 C-14 yr B.P., overlapping with the Younger Dryas interval of dry, cooler(?) climate. During the latest Wisconsin to middle Holocene the Bering land bridge was flooded by rising seas. Alder shrubs (Alnus crispa) colonized the St. Michael Island area ca. 8000 C-14 yr B.P. Boreal forests dominated by spruce (Picea) spread from interior Alaska into the eastern Norton Sound area in middle Holocene time, but have not spread as far west as St. Michael Island. (C) 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Ager, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00068-1 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 703AT UT WOS:000184258400004 ER PT J AU Froese, DG Smith, DG Westgate, JA Ager, TA Preece, SJ Sandhu, A Enkin, RJ Weber, F AF Froese, DG Smith, DG Westgate, JA Ager, TA Preece, SJ Sandhu, A Enkin, RJ Weber, F TI Recurring middle Pleistocene outburst floods in east-central Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE glacial chronology; tephra; early-middle Pleistocene; Yukon River; outburst floods ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; GLASS SHARDS; LOESS; JOKULHLAUPS; PLIOCENE; ROCKS; YUKON; AGES AB Recurring glacial outburst floods from the Yukon-Tanana Upland are inferred from sediments exposed along the Yukon River near the mouth of Charley River in east-central Alaska. Deposits range from imbricate gravel and granules indicating flow locally extending up the Yukon valley, to more distal sediments consisting of at least 10 couplets of planar sands, granules, and climbing ripples with up-valley paleocurrent indicators overlain by massive silt. An interglacial organic silt, occurring within the sequence, indicates at least two flood events are associated with an earlier glaciation, and at least three flood events are associated with a later glaciation which postdates the organic silt. A minimum age for the floods is provided by a glass fission track age of 560,000 +/- 80,000 yr on the GI tephra, which occurs 8 in above the flood beds. A maximum age of 780,000 yr for the floods is based on normal magnetic polarity of the sediments. These age constraints allow us to correlate the flood events to the early-middle Pleistocene. And further, the outburst floods indicate extensive glaciation of the Yukon-Tanana Upland during the early-middle Pleistocene, likely representing the most extensive Pleistocene glaciation of the area. (C) 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. RP Froese, DG (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RI Froese, Duane/B-6038-2009 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 50 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00090-5 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 703AT UT WOS:000184258400007 ER PT J AU Muhs, DR Ager, TA Been, J Bradbury, JP Dean, WE AF Muhs, DR Ager, TA Been, J Bradbury, JP Dean, WE TI A late Quaternary record of eolian silt deposition in a maar lake, St. Michael Island, western Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; St. Michael Island; lake sediments; loess; geochemistry; paleoclimate; last-glacial period ID BERING LAND-BRIDGE; SEWARD-PENINSULA; NORTHEASTERN COLORADO; NORTHWESTERN ALASKA; NORTH-AMERICA; BROOKS RANGE; DESERT LOESS; CLIMATE; RATES; SEA AB Recent stratigraphic studies in central Alaska have yielded the unexpected finding that there is little evidence for full-glacial (late Wisconsin) loess deposition. Because the loess record of western Alaska is poorly exposed and not well known, we analyzed a core from Zagoskin Lake, a maar lake on St. Michael Island, to determine if a full-glacial eolian record could be found in that region. Particle size and geochemical data indicate that the mineral fraction of the lake sediments is not derived from the local basalt and is probably eolian. Silt deposition took place from at least the latter part of the mid-Wisconsin interstadial period through the Holocene, based on radiocarbon dating. Based on the locations of likely loess sources, eolian silt in western Alaska was probably deflated by northeasterly winds from glaciofluvial sediments. If last-glacial winds that deposited loess were indeed from the northeast, this reconstruction is in conflict with a model-derived reconstruction of paleowinds in Alaska. Mass accumulation rates in Zagoskin Lake were higher during the Pleistocene than during the Holocene. In addition, more eolian sediment is recorded in the lake sediments than as loess on the adjacent landscape. The thinner loess record on land may be due to the sparse, herb tundra vegetation that dominated the landscape in full-glacial time. Herb tundra would have been an inefficient loess trap compared to forest or even shrub tundra due to its low roughness height. The lack of abundant, full-glacial, eolian silt deposition in the loess stratigraphic record of central Alaska may be due, therefore, to a mimimal ability of the landscape to trap loess, rather than a lack of available eolian sediment. (C) 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Muhs, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 980, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00062-0 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 703AT UT WOS:000184258400013 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Q McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Clein, JS Dargaville, RJ Kicklighter, DW Myneni, RB Dong, J Romanovsky, VE Harden, J Hobbie, JE AF Zhuang, Q McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Clein, JS Dargaville, RJ Kicklighter, DW Myneni, RB Dong, J Romanovsky, VE Harden, J Hobbie, JE TI Carbon cycling in extratropical terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere during the 20th century: a modeling analysis of the influences of soil thermal dynamics SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENTS; SPRUCE/MOSS BOREAL FOREST; NASA SCATTEROMETER NSCAT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; FREEZE-THAW CYCLES; HIGH-LATITUDES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; INCREASING CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB There is substantial evidence that soil thermal dynamics are changing in terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere and that these dynamics have implications for the exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. To date, large-scale biogeochemical models have been slow to incorporate the effects of soil thermal dynamics on processes that affect carbon exchange with the atmosphere. In this study we incorporated a soil thermal module (STM), appropriate to both permafrost and non-permafrost soils, into a large-scale ecosystem model, version 5.0 of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). We then compared observed regional and seasonal patterns of atmospheric CO2 to simulations of carbon dynamics for terrestrial ecosystems north of 30degreesN between TEM 5.0 and an earlier version of TEM (version 4.2) that lacked a STM. The timing of the draw-down of atmospheric CO2 at the start of the growing season and the degree of draw-down during the growing season were substantially improved by the consideration of soil thermal dynamics. Both versions of TEM indicate that climate variability and change promoted the loss of carbon from temperate ecosystems during the first half of the 20th century, and promoted carbon storage during the second half of the century. The results of the simulations by TEM suggest that land-use change in temperate latitudes (30-60degreesN) plays a stronger role than climate change in driving trends for increased uptake of carbon in extratropical terrestrial ecosystems (30-90degreesN) during recent decades. In the 1980s the TEM 5.0 simulation estimated that extratropical terrestrial ecosystems stored 0.55 Pg C yr(-1), with 0.24 Pg C yr(-1) in North America and 0.31 Pg C yr(-1) in northern Eurasia. From 1990 through 1995 the model simulated that these ecosystems stored 0.90 Pg C yr-1, with 0.27 Pg C yr(-1) stored in North America and 0.63 Pg C yr(-1) stored in northern Eurasia. Thus, in comparison to the 1980s, simulated net carbon storage in the 1990s was enhanced by an additional 0.35 Pg C yr(-1) in extratropical terrestrial ecosystems, with most of the additional storage in northern Eurasia. The carbon storage simulated by TEM 5.0 in the 1980s and 1990s was lower than estimates based on other methodologies, including estimates by atmospheric inversion models and remote sensing and inventory analyses. This suggests that other issues besides the role of soil thermal dynamics may be responsible, in part, for the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon storage of extratropical terrestrial ecosystems. In conclusion, the consideration of soil thermal dynamics and terrestrial cryospheric processes in modeling the global carbon cycle has helped to reduce biases in the simulation of the seasonality of carbon dynamics of extratropical terrestrial ecosystems. This progress should lead to an enhanced ability to clarify the role of other issues that influence carbon dynamics in terrestrial regions that experience seasonal freezing and thawing of soil. C1 Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NCAR, Ecosyst Dynam & Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Zhuang, Q (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM qzhuang@mbl.edu RI Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; OI Dargaville, Roger/0000-0002-0103-5198 NR 112 TC 103 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 24 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 EI 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 55 IS 3 BP 751 EP 776 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00060.x PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 700YA UT WOS:000184137700002 ER PT J AU Gutreuter, S Dettmers, JM Wahl, DH AF Gutreuter, S Dettmers, JM Wahl, DH TI Estimating mortality rates of adult fish from entrainment through the propellers of river towboats SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We developed a method to estimate mortality rates of adult fish caused by entrainment through the propellers of commercial towboats operating in river channels. The method combines trawling while following towboats (to recover a fraction of the kills) and application of a hydrodynamic model of diffusion (to estimate the fraction of the total kills collected in the trawls). The sampling problem is unusual and required quantifying relatively rare events. We first examined key statistical properties of the entrainment mortality rate estimators using Monte Carlo simulation, which demonstrated that a design-based estimator and a new ad hoc estimator are both unbiased and converge to the true value as the sample size becomes large. Next, we estimated the entrainment mortality rates of adult fishes in Pool 26 of the Mississippi River and the Alton Pool of the Illinois River, where we observed kills that we attributed to entrainment. Our estimates of entrainment mortality rates were 2.52 fish/km of towboat travel (80% confidence interval, 1.00-6.09 fish/km) for gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum, 0.13 fish/km (0.00-0.41) for skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris, and 0.53 fish/km (0.00-1.33) for both shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus. Our approach applies more broadly to commercial vessels operating in confined channels, including other large rivers and intracoastal waterways. C1 US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Great Rivers Field Stn, Brighton, IL 62012 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Kaskaskia Biol Stn, Sullivan, IL 61951 USA. RP Gutreuter, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 112 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 646 EP 661 DI 10.1577/T01-098 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600003 ER PT J AU Meador, MR McIntyre, JP AF Meador, MR McIntyre, JP TI Effects of electrofishing gear type on spatial and temporal variability in fish community sampling SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLAGES; STREAM; INDEXES; RIFFLE; RIVER AB Fish community data collected from 24 major river basins between 1993 and 1998 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program were analyzed to assess multiple-reach (three consecutive reaches) and multiple-year (three consecutive years) variability in samples collected at a site. Variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV; SD/mean) of species richness, the Jaccard index (JI), and the percent similarity index (PSI). Data were categorized by three electrofishing sample collection methods: backpack, towed barge, and boat. Overall, multiple-reach CV values were significantly lower than those for multiple years, whereas multiple-reach JI and PSI values were significantly greater than those for multiple years. Multiple-reach and multiple-year CV values did not vary significantly among electrotishing methods, although JI and PSI values were significantly greatest for backpack electrofishing across multiple reaches and multiple years. The absolute difference between mean species richness for multiple-reach samples and mean species richness for multiple-year samples was 0.8 species (9.5% of total species richness) for backpack samples, 1.7 species (10.1%) for towed-barge samples, and 4.5 species (24.4%) for boat-collected samples. Review of boat-collected fish samples indicated that representatives of four taxonomic families-Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, and Ictaluridae-were collected at all sites. Of these, catostomids exhibited greater interannual variability than centrarchids, cyprinids, or ictalurids. Caution should be exercised when combining boat-collected fish community data from different years because of relatively high interannual variability, which is primarily due to certain relatively mobile species. Such variability may obscure longer-term trends. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Meador, MR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 1220 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 413, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 709 EP 716 DI 10.1577/T01-135 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600007 ER PT J AU Meka, JM Knudsen, EE Douglas, DC Benter, RB AF Meka, JM Knudsen, EE Douglas, DC Benter, RB TI Variable migratory patterns of different adult rainbow trout life history types in a southwest Alaska watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; BROWN TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-CLARKI; SALMON CARCASSES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WYOMING STREAMS; BLACKFOOT RIVER; COASTAL STREAM; HABITAT USE; MOVEMENTS AB Radiotelemetry was used to document population structure in adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Alagnak River, southwest Alaska. Rainbow trout (N = 134) longer than 440 mm were implanted with radio transmitters and tracked for varying periods from July 1997 to April 1999. Fifty-eight radio-tagged fish were tracked for sufficient duration (at least 11 months) to allow description of seasonal migratory patterns. Unique seasonal movements of fish suggested discrete, within-basin population structure. Telemetry data documented the existence of multiple migratory and nonmigratory groups of rainbow trout, indicating unique life history patterns. The observed groups consisted of what we defined as a lake-resident ecotype, a lake-river ecotype, and a riverine ecotype; the riverive ecotype demonstrated both highly migratory and nonmigratory movement behavior. Considerable variation in movement patterns was found within both the lake-river group and the river migratory group. Radio-tagged trout did not migrate between the two Alagnak watershed lakes in either year of the study, suggesting lake fidelity in the population structure. Alagnak River rainbow trout may have evolved the observed seasonal movement patterns to optimize winter thermal refugia and summer food availability of salmon eggs and carcasses. C1 Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Sci Off, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Meka, JM (reprint author), Alaska Sci Ctr, US Geol Survey, Biol Sci Off, 1011 E Tudor Rd,Mail Stop 701, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 38 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 717 EP 732 DI 10.1577/T01-166 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600008 ER PT J AU Emery, EB Simon, TP McCormick, FH Angermeier, PL Deshon, JE Yoder, CO Sanders, RE Pearson, WD Hickman, GD Reash, RJ Thomas, JA AF Emery, EB Simon, TP McCormick, FH Angermeier, PL Deshon, JE Yoder, CO Sanders, RE Pearson, WD Hickman, GD Reash, RJ Thomas, JA TI Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FLOW REGULATION; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; HISTORY; QUALITY; WORLD AB The use of fish communities to assess environmental quality is common for streams, but a standard methodology for large rivers is as yet largely undeveloped. We developed an index to assess the condition of fish assemblages along 1,580 km of the Ohio River. Representative samples of fish assemblages were collected from 709 Ohio River reaches, including 318 "least-impacted" sites, from 1991 to 2001 by means of standardized nighttime boat-electrofishing techniques. We evaluated 55 candidate metrics based on attributes of fish assemblage structure and function to derive a multimetric index of river health. We examined the spatial (by river kilometer) and temporal variability of these metrics and assessed their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances, namely, effluents, turbidity, and highly embedded substrates. The resulting Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) comprises 13 metrics selected because they responded predictably to measures of human disturbance or reflected desirable features of the Ohio River. We retained two metrics (the number of intolerant species and the number of sucker species [family Catostomidae]) from Karr's original index of biotic integrity. Six metrics were modified from indices developed for the upper Ohio River (the number of native species; number of great-river species; number of centrarchid species; the number of deformities, eroded fins and barbels, lesions, and tumors; percent individuals as simple lithophils; and percent individuals as tolerant species). We also incorporated three trophic metrics (the percent of individuals as detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores), one metric based on catch per unit effort, and one metric based on the percent of individuals as nonindigenous fish species. The ORFIn declined significantly where anthropogenic effects on substrate and water quality were prevalent and was significantly lower in the first 500 m below point source discharges than at least-impacted sites nearby. Although additional research on the temporal stability of the metrics and index will likely enhance the reliability of the ORFIn, its incorporation into Ohio River assessments still represents an improvement over current physicochemical protocols. C1 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat COmmiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Unit, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. Midwest Biodivers Inst, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ctr Appl Bioassessment & Biocriteria, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Columbus, OH 43224 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Amer Elect Power Co, Environm Serv Dept, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Emery, EB (reprint author), Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat COmmiss, 5735 Kellogg Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 77 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 791 EP 808 DI 10.1577/T01-076 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600014 ER PT J AU Bowen, ZH Bovee, KD Waddle, TJ AF Bowen, ZH Bovee, KD Waddle, TJ TI Effects of flow regulation on shallow-water habitat dynamics and floodplain connectivity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; CHANNEL MIGRATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PATCH DYNAMICS; STREAM; FISHES; ECOSYSTEMS; LARVAL; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY AB Our study examined the effects of flow regulation on the spatiotemporal availability of shallow habitat patches with slow current velocity (SSCV patches) and floodplain inundation in the unregulated Yellowstone River and the regulated Missouri River in Montana and North Dakota. We mapped representative sites and used hydraulic models and hydrograph data to describe the frequency and extent of floodplain inundation and the availability of SSCV habitat over time during different water years. In the Yellowstone River the distribution, location, and size of SSCV patches varied but followed an annual pattern that was tied to the snowmelt runoff hydrograph. There was less variation in patch distribution in the Missouri River, and the pattern of habitat availability was influenced by flow regulation. Regulated flows and their effects on channel morphology and patterns of vegetation establishment resulted in 3.0-3.5 times less area of inundated woody vegetation during normal and dry years in the Missouri River compared with the Yellowstone River. The differences we observed in SSCV patch dynamics between rivers may have implications for fish populations and community structure through affecting the survival of early life stages. At a larger scale, the smaller area of vegetation inundated in the Missouri River suggests that nutrient cycling and the ecological benefits associated with a moving littoral zone are reduced by the altered flow and sediment regime in that river. Accurate assessments of the effects of flow alteration and successful efforts to restore riverine ecosystems will require consideration of physical and biotic processes that operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Bowen, ZH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 75 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 809 EP 823 DI 10.1577/T02-079 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600015 ER PT J AU Brooks, ML Matchett, JR AF Brooks, ML Matchett, JR TI Plant community patterns in unburned and burned blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima Torr.) shrublands in the Mojave Desert SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE blackbrush; Coleogyne ramosissima; fire; alien plants; plant species diversity; Mojave Desert ID SONORAN DESERT; FIRE; DIVERSITY; GRASSES AB The blackbrush vegetation type is dominated by Coleogyne ramossisima, which is thought to preclude the coexistence of many other plant species. Fire can remove blackbrush cover and possibly increase plant species richness and evenness. Fire also may increase the frequency and cover of alien annual grasses, thereby intensifying landscape flammability. We tested these predictions in unburned and burned (6-14 years postfire) blackbrush at 3 sites spanning the range of this vegetation type in the Mojave Desert. Species richness in unburned blackbrush was similar to published values for other vegetation types in western North America, but richness varied significantly among the 3 sites and 4 spatial scales (1, 10, 100, and 1000 m(2)). Richness values declined in order from annual forbs, woody perennials, herbaceous perennials, annual grasses, cacti, to perennial grasses. Fire reduced Coleogyne cover, thus boosting species evenness. In contrast, species richness decreased after burning, although the results varied among spatial scales. Total cover was unaffected by fire because cover of woody perennials decreased, while cover of annual forbs, annual grasses, herbaceous perennials, and perennial grasses increased. Native species richness and cover decreased, whereas alien richness and cover increased after burning, especially where the alien forb Erodium cicutarium was present. Fire had no effect on frequency and variable effects on cover of alien annual grasses. These results indicate that in blackbrush species richness can vary among sites and local spatial scales, and effects of fire can vary among plant life-forms and between natives and aliens. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. RP Brooks, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Las Vegas Field Stn, 160 N Stephanie St, Henderson, NV 89074 USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 283 EP 298 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 712HG UT WOS:000184791800002 ER PT J AU Cryan, PM Bogan, MA AF Cryan, PM Bogan, MA TI Recurrence of Mexican long-tongued bats (Choeronycteris mexicana) at historical sites in Arizona and New Mexico SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Mexican long-tongued bat; Choeronycteris mexicana; roosts; habitat; New Mexico; Arizona AB The Mexican long-tongued bat (Choeronycteris mexicana) is a nectar-eating species that seasonally inhabits the southwestern United States. Since 1906, fewer than 1500 individuals of C. mexicana have been documented throughout the range of the species. We conducted a field survey in Arizona and New Mexico during summer 1999 to check historically occupied areas for recurrence of C. mexicana. We observed C. mexicana occupying a majority (75%, n = 18) of visited sites. Multiple individuals were observed at many sites, including young-of-year. Choeronycteris mexicana roosted in lighted areas close to entrances within mine adits, abandoned buildings, wide rock crevices, and caves. All occupied sites were in Madrean evergreen woodlands or semidesert grasslands where species of Agave were present. Most sites were located near a water source and, with the exception of a single site, near areas of riparian vegetation. Sites at which we did not encounter C. mexicana were frequently disturbed, difficult to search, or historically occupied by single individuals. Based on the relatively high rate of bat recurrence, we do not believe that populations of C. mexicana in the region have declined dramatically over the past several decades. C1 Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cryan, PM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, US Geol Survey, Arid Lands Field Stn, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Room 61A, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Cryan, Paul/0000-0002-2915-8894 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD JUL PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 314 EP 319 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 712HG UT WOS:000184791800004 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Runke, RL Vaughn, BH AF Gooseff, MN McKnight, DM Runke, RL Vaughn, BH TI Determining long time-scale hyporheic zone flow paths in Antarctic streams SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE isotope transport; OTIS; dry valleys; hyporheic zone ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; TRANSIENT STORAGE; HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN STREAM; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RIVER BASIN; VALLEY; MODEL; EVAPORATION AB In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, glaciers are the source of meltwater during the austral summer, and the streams and adjacent hyporheic zones constitute the entire physical watershed; there are no hillslope processes in these systems. Hyporheic zones can extend several metres from each side of the stream, and are up to 70 cm deep, corresponding to a lateral cross-section as large as 12 m(2), and water resides in the subsurface year around. In this study, we differentiate between the near-stream hyporheic zone, which can be characterized with stream tracer experiments, and the extended hyporheic zone, which has a longer time-scale of exchange. We sampled stream water from Green Creek and from the adjacent saturated alluvium for stable isotopes of D and (18)O to assess the significance and extent of stream-water exchange between the streams and extended hyporheic zones over long time-scales (days to weeks). Our results show that water residing in the extended hyporheic zone is much more isotopically enriched (up to 11parts per thousand D and 2-2parts per thousand (18)O) than stream water. This result suggests a long residence time within the extended hyporheic zone, during which fractionation has occurred owing to summer evaporation and winter sublimation of hyporheic water. We found less enriched water in the extended hyporheic zone later in the flow season, suggesting that stream water may be exchanged into and out of this zone, on the time-scale of weeks to months. The transient storage model OTIS was used to characterize the exchange of stream water with the extended hyporheic zone. Model results yield exchange rates (a) generally an order magnitude lower (10(-5) s(-1)) than those determined using stream-tracer techniques on the same stream. In light of previous studies in these streams, these results suggest that the hyporheic zones in Antarctic streams have near-stream zones of rapid stream-water exchange, where 'fast' biogeochemical reactions may influence water chemistry, and extended hyporheic zones, in which slower biogeochemical reaction rates may affect stream-water chemistry at longer time-scales. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM gooseff@cnr.usu.edu RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015; OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315; MCKNIGHT, DIANE/0000-0002-4171-1533; VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X NR 55 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1691 EP 1710 DI 10.1002/hyp.1210 PG 20 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 697VT UT WOS:000183964500001 ER PT J AU Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR AF Dettinger, MD Cayan, DR TI Interseasonal covariability of Sierra Nevada streamflow and San Francisco Bay salinity SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface water flow; estuarine salinity; climate; California; Sierra Nevada; San Francisco Bay ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSES; DOMAIN SHAPE; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; CALIFORNIA AB The ecosystems of the San Francisco Bay estuary are influenced by the salinity of its waters, which in turn depends on flushing by freshwater inflows from the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Estimates of full-natural flows in eight major rivers that flush the Bay are analyzed here by extended empirical-orthogonal-function analyses to characterize distinct `modes' of seasonal flow and runoff variability. These modes provide a clear identification of the seasons in which the various rivers respond to hydroclimatic forcings and the seasons during which the rivers most strongly affect San Francisco Bay salinities. About 60 percent of the runoff variability is shared by the rivers over the course of a year but season-to-season differences among the rivers are more subtly distributed. Autumn and winter streamflows respond directly to concurrent (autumn and winter) precipitation and temperatures. Autumn and winter salinities are dominated by these flows, which in each season reflect mostly variations in flows from the central Sierra Nevada and the large Sacramento River. In contrast, spring runoff-rate and streamflow modes are functions of precipitation and temperature during the entire wet (winter and spring) season and are dominated by rivers of the central and southern Sierra Nevada. In turn, the critical spring salinities depend most on the streamflow fluctuations in those central and southern rivers. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Dettinger, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, 9500 Gilman Dr,Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUN 30 PY 2003 VL 277 IS 3-4 BP 164 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00078-7 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 690TJ UT WOS:000183565000002 ER PT J AU Christensen, PR Bandfield, JL Bell, JF Gorelick, N Hamilton, VE Ivanov, A Jakosky, BM Kieffer, HH Lane, MD Jakosky, BM Kieffer, HH Lane, MD Malin, MC McConnochie, T McEwen, AS McSween, HY Mehall, GL Moersch, JE Nealson, KH Rice, JW Richardson, MI Ruff, SW Smith, MD Titus, TN Wyatt, MB AF Christensen, PR Bandfield, JL Bell, JF Gorelick, N Hamilton, VE Ivanov, A Jakosky, BM Kieffer, HH Lane, MD Jakosky, BM Kieffer, HH Lane, MD Malin, MC McConnochie, T McEwen, AS McSween, HY Mehall, GL Moersch, JE Nealson, KH Rice, JW Richardson, MI Ruff, SW Smith, MD Titus, TN Wyatt, MB TI Morphology and composition of the surface of Mars: Mars Odyssey THEMIS results SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MARTIAN SURFACE; ORBITER CAMERA; WHITE ROCK; INERTIA AB The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on Mars Odyssey has produced infrared to visible wavelength images of the martian surface that show lithologically distinct layers with variable thickness, implying temporal changes in the processes or environments during or after their formation. Kilometer-scale exposures of bedrockare observed; elsewhere airfall dust completely mantles the surface over thousands of square kilometers. Mars has compositional variations at 100-meter scales, for example, an exposure of olivine-rich basalt in the walls of Ganges Chasma. Thermally distinct ejecta facies occur around some craters with variations associated with crater age. Polar observations have identified temporal patches of water frost in the north polar cap. No thermal signatures associated with endogenic heat sources have been identified. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Planetary Sci Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85032 USA. Malin Space Sci Syst, San Diego, CA 92191 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Christensen, PR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; Ivanov, Anton/C-8944-2014 OI Ivanov, Anton/0000-0001-8376-8581 NR 30 TC 236 Z9 238 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5628 BP 2056 EP 2061 DI 10.1126/science.1080885 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 694KZ UT WOS:000183774900036 PM 12791998 ER PT J AU Liu, SG Bliss, N Sundquist, E Huntington, TG AF Liu, SG Bliss, N Sundquist, E Huntington, TG TI Modeling carbon dynamics in vegetation and soil under the impact of soil erosion and deposition SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon dynamics; model simulations; EDCM model; erosion; deposition ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; GRASSLAND SOILS; UNITED-STATES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; AGGREGATED SOILS; CULTIVATED LAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HARVEST INDEX AB Soil erosion and deposition may play important roles in balancing the global atmospheric carbon budget through their impacts on the net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Few models and studies have been designed to assess these impacts. In this study, we developed a general ecosystem model, Erosion-Deposition-Carbon-Model (EDCM), to dynamically simulate the influences of rainfall-induced soil erosion and deposition on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in soil profiles. EDCM was applied to several landscape positions in the Nelson Farm watershed in Mississippi, including ridge top ( without erosion or deposition), eroding hillslopes, and depositional sites that had been converted from native forests to croplands in 1870. Erosion reduced the SOC storage at the eroding sites and deposition increased the SOC storage at the depositional areas compared with the site without erosion or deposition. Results indicated that soils were consistently carbon sources to the atmosphere at all landscape positions from 1870 to 1950, with lowest source strength at the eroding sites (13 to 24 gC m(-2) yr(-1)), intermediate at the ridge top (34 gC m(-2) yr(-1)), and highest at the depositional sites (42 to 49 gC m(-2) yr(-1)). During this period, erosion reduced carbon emissions via dynamically replacing surface soil with subsurface soil that had lower SOC contents (quantity change) and higher passive SOC fractions (quality change). Soils at all landscape positions became carbon sinks from 1950 to 1997 due to changes in management practices (e.g., intensification of fertilization and crop genetic improvement). The sink strengths were highest at the eroding sites (42 to 44 gC m(-2) yr(-1)), intermediate at the ridge top (35 gC m(-2) yr(-1)), and lowest at the depositional sites (26 to 29 gC m(-2) yr(-1)). During this period, erosion enhanced carbon uptake at the eroding sites by continuously taking away a fraction of SOC that can be replenished with enhanced plant residue input. Overall, soil erosion and deposition reduced CO2 emissions from the soil into the atmosphere by exposing low carbon-bearing soil at eroding sites and by burying SOC at depositional sites. The results suggest that failing to account for the impact of soil erosion and deposition may potentially contribute to an overestimation of both the total historical carbon released from soils owing to land use change and the contemporary carbon sequestration rates at the eroding sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Syst Observat Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. US Geol Survey, Augusta, ME 04330 USA. RP Liu, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Syst Observat Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM sliu@usgs.gov; bliss@usgs.gov; esundqui@usgs.gov; thunting@usgs.gov NR 75 TC 119 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 AR 1074 DI 10.1029/2002GB002010 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 708PY UT WOS:000184578200001 ER PT J AU McBride, JH Stephenson, WJ AF McBride, JH Stephenson, WJ TI Contributions to neotectonics and seismic hazard from shallow geophysical imaging - Preface SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP McBride, JH (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, POB 24606, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 368 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00226-9 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704XT UT WOS:000184367500001 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK AF Williams, RA Stephenson, WJ Odum, JK TI Comparison of P- and S-wave velocity profiles obtained from surface seismic refraction/reflection and downhole data SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV 01-10, 2001 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Geol Soc Amer DE seismic reflection/refraction; S-wave; site characterization; site response; downhole ID INVERSION AB High-resolution seismic-reflection/refraction data were acquired on the ground surface at six locations to compare with near-surface seismic-velocity downhole measurements. Measurement sites were in Seattle,. WA, the San Francisco Bay Area, CA, and the San Fernando Valley, CA. We quantitatively compared the data in terms of the average shear-wave velocity to 30-m depth (V-s30), and by the ratio of the relative site amplification produced by the velocity profiles of each data type over a specified set of quarter-wavelength frequencies. In terms of V-s30, similar values were determined from the two methods. There is < 15% difference at four of the six sites. The V-s30 values at the other two sites differ by 21% and 48%. The relative site amplification factors differ generally by less than 10% for both R; and S-wave velocities. We also found that S-wave reflections and first-arrival phase delays, are essential for identifying, velocity inversions. The results suggest that seismic reflection/refraction data are a fast, non-invasive, and less expensive alternative to downhole data for determining V-s30. In addition, we emphasize that some P- and S-wave reflection travel times can directly. indicate the. frequencies of potentially damaging earthquake site resonances. A strong correlation between the simple S-wave first-arrival travel time/apparent velocity on the ground surface at 100 in offset from the seismic source and the V-s30 value for, that site is an additional unique feature of the reflection/refraction data that could greatly simplify V-s30 determinations.. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 368 IS 1-4 BP 71 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00151-3 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704XT UT WOS:000184367500006 ER PT J AU Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Williams, RA AF Odum, JK Stephenson, WJ Williams, RA TI Variable near-surface deformation along the Commerce segment of the Commerce geophysical lineament, southeast Missouri to southern Illinois, USA SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV 01-10, 2001 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Geol Soc Amer DE commerce geophysical lineament; magnetic; gravity ID MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; UNITED-STATES; THEBES-GAP; EARTHQUAKES; GRAVITY; STRESS; ZONE; RIFT AB Recent studies have demonstrated a plausible link between surface and near-surface tectonic features and the vertical projection of the Commerce geophysical lineament (CGL). The CGL is a 5- to 10-km-wide zone of basement magnetic and gravity anomalies traceable for more than 600 km, extending from Arkansas through southeast Missouri and southern Illinois and into Indiana. Twelve kilometers of high-resolution seismic reflection data, collected at four sites along a 175-km segment of the CGL projection, are interpreted to show varying amounts of deformation involving Tertiary and some Quaternary sediments. Some of the locally anomalous geomorphic features in the northern Mississippi embayment region (i.e., paleoliquefaction features, anomalous directional changes in stream channels, and areas of linear bluff escarpments) overlying the CGL can be correlated with specific faults and/or narrow zones of deformed (faulted and folded) strata that are imaged on high-resolution seismic reflection data. There is an observable change in near-surface deformation style and complexity progressing from the southwest to the northeast along the trace of the CGL. The seismic reflection data collaborate mapping evidence which suggests that this region has undergone a complex history of deformation, some of which is documented to be as young as Quaternary, during multiple episodes of reactivation under varying stress fields. This work, along with that of other studies presented in this volume, points to the existence of at least one major crustal feature outside the currently defined zone of seismic activity (New Madrid Seismic Zone) that should be considered as a significant potential source zone for seismogenic activity within the midcontinent region of the United States. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Odum, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS-966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 368 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00156-2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704XT UT WOS:000184367500011 ER PT J AU Pratt, TL Holmes, M Schweig, ES Gomberg, J Cowan, HA AF Pratt, TL Holmes, M Schweig, ES Gomberg, J Cowan, HA TI High resolution seismic imaging of faults beneath Limon Bay, northern Panama Canal, Republic of Panama SO TECTONOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY NOV 01-10, 2001 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Geol Soc Amer DE faults; neotectonics; Panama; seismic reflection ID COSTA-RICA; CENTRAL-AMERICA; APRIL 22; PLATE; EARTHQUAKE; DEFORMATION; CORDILLERA; TECTONICS; BOUNDARY; MIOCENE AB High-resolution seismic reflection profiles from Limon Bay, Republic of Panama, were acquired as part of a seismic hazard investigation of the northern Panama Canal region. The seismic profiles image gently west and northwest dipping strata of upper Miocene Gatun Formation, unconformably overlain by a thin ( < 20 m) sequence of Holocene muds. Numerous faults, which have northeast trends where they can be correlated between seismic profiles, break the upper Miocene strata. Some of the faults have normal displacement, but on many faults, the amount and type of displacement cannot be determined. The age of displacement is constrained to be Late Miocene or younger, and regional geologic considerations suggest Pliocene movement. The faults may be part of a more extensive set of north- to northeast-trending faults and fractures in the canal region of central Panama. Low topography and the faults in the canal area may be the result of the modem regional stress field, bending of the Isthmus of Panama, shearing in eastern Panama, or minor deformation of the Panama Block above the Caribbean subduction zone. For seismic hazard analysis of the northern canal area, these faults led us to include a source zone of shallow faults proximal to northern canal facilities. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN USA. RP Pratt, TL (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-1951 J9 TECTONOPHYSICS JI Tectonophysics PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 368 IS 1-4 BP 211 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00159-8 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 704XT UT WOS:000184367500014 ER PT J AU Clow, DW Sickman, JO Striegl, RG Krabbenhoft, DP Elliott, JG Dornblaser, M Roth, DA Campbell, DH AF Clow, DW Sickman, JO Striegl, RG Krabbenhoft, DP Elliott, JG Dornblaser, M Roth, DA Campbell, DH TI Changes in the chemistry of lakes and precipitation in high-elevation national parks in the western United States, 1985-1999 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lake chemistry; atmospheric deposition; emissions; monitoring; alpine; talus ID N RETENTION; STREAM; WATER; CATCHMENTS; DISCHARGE; TRENDS AB [1] High-elevation lakes in the western United States are sensitive to atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen due to fast hydrologic flushing rates, short growing seasons, an abundance of exposed bedrock, and a lack of well-developed soils. This sensitivity is reflected in the dilute chemistry of the lakes, which was documented in the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Western Lake Survey of 1985. Sixty-nine lakes in seven national parks sampled during the 1985 survey were resampled during fall 1999 to investigate possible decadal-scale changes in lake chemistry. In most lakes, SO4 concentrations were slightly lower in 1999 than in 1985, consistent with a regional decrease in precipitation SO4 concentrations and in SO2 emissions in the western United States. Nitrate concentrations also tended to be slightly lower in 1999 than in 1985, in contrast with generally stable or increasing inorganic N deposition in the west. Differences in alkalinity were variable among parks but were relatively consistent within each park. Possible effects of annual and seasonal-scale variations in precipitation amount on lake chemistry were evaluated based on climate data available for the parks and an analysis of climatic effects at two research watersheds with long-term records. Results suggest that rain prior to sampling in 1985 may have caused elevated NO3 in some lakes due to direct runoff of precipitation and flushing of NO3 from alpine soils, which may explain some of the decrease in NO3 concentrations observed in survey lakes. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Environm Serv Div, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Clow, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Div Water Resources, MS 415,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 26 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 AR 1171 DI 10.1029/2002WR001533 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 708XX UT WOS:000184596600003 ER PT J AU Ogata, Y Jones, LM Toda, S AF Ogata, Y Jones, LM Toda, S TI When and where the aftershock activity was depressed: Contrasting decay patterns of the proximate large earthquakes in southern California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE aseismic slip; anomalous aftershock decay; Coulomb stress shadow; ETAS model; modified Omori formula; spatial pattern of aftershock decay ID 1992 LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; HECTOR-MINE-EARTHQUAKE; RELATIVE QUIESCENCE; SEISMIC QUIESCENCE; STATISTICAL-MODEL; OMORI FORMULA; PARAMETERS; SEQUENCE; SPACE; PROBABILITY AB [1] Seismic quiescence has attracted attention as a possible precursor to a large earthquake. However, sensitive detection of quiescence requires accurate modeling of normal aftershock activity. We apply the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model that is a natural extension of the modified Omori formula for aftershock decay, allowing further clusters (secondary aftershocks) within an aftershock sequence. The Hector Mine aftershock activity has been normal, relative to the decay predicted by the ETAS model during the 14 months of available data. In contrast, although the aftershock sequence of the 1992 Landers earthquake (M = 7.3), including the 1992 Big Bear earthquake (M = 6.4) and its aftershocks, fits very well to the ETAS up until about 6 months after the main shock, the activity showed clear lowering relative to the modeled rate (relative quiescence) and lasted nearly 7 years, leading up to the Hector Mine earthquake (M = 7.1) in 1999. Specifically, the relative quiescence occurred only in the shallow aftershock activity, down to depths of 5-6 km. The sequence of deeper events showed clear, normal aftershock activity well fitted to the ETAS throughout the whole period. We argue several physical explanations for these results. Among them, we strongly suspect aseismic slips within the Hector Mine rupture source that could inhibit the crustal relaxation process within "shadow zones'' of the Coulomb's failure stress change. Furthermore, the aftershock activity of the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake (M = 6.1) sharply lowered in the same day of the main shock, which can be explained by a similar scenario. C1 Inst Stat Math, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1068569, Japan. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Geol Survey Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 3058567, Japan. RP Ogata, Y (reprint author), Inst Stat Math, Minato Ku, Minami Azabu 4-6-7, Tokyo 1068569, Japan. EM ogata@ism.ac.jp; jones@usgs.gov; s-toda@aist.go.jp NR 50 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 25 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B6 AR 2318 DI 10.1029/2002JB002009 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 698LM UT WOS:000184001100002 ER PT J AU Tian, HQ Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Pan, SF Liu, JY McGuire, AD Moore, B AF Tian, HQ Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Pan, SF Liu, JY McGuire, AD Moore, B TI Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Young Scientist Workshop on Asian Monsoon Environmental System and Global Change CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL NANJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE carbon cycle; climate variability; CO2 fertilization; land use; monsoon Asia; terrestrial ecosystems ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LAND-USE CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES; AMAZONIAN ECOSYSTEMS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; TEMPORAL PATTERNS AB Data on three major determinants of the carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems are used with the process-based Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate the combined effect of climate variability, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, and cropland establishment and abandonment on the exchange Of CO2 between the atmosphere and monsoon Asian ecosystems., During 1860-1990, modeled results suggest that monsoon Asia as a whole released 29.0 Pg C, which represents 50% of the global carbon release for this period. Carbon release varied across three subregions: East Asia (4.3 Pg C), South Asia (6.6 Pg C), and Southeast Asia (18.1 Pg C). For the entire region, the simulations indicate that land-use change alone has led to a loss of 42.6 Pg C. However, increasing CO2 and climate variability have added carbon to terrestrial ecosystems to compensate for 23% and 8% of the losses due to land-use change, respectively. During 1980-1989, monsoon Asia as a whole acted as a source of carbon to the atmosphere, releasing an average of 0.158 Pg C per year. Two of the subregions acted as net carbon source and one acted as a net carbon sink. Southeast Asia and South Asia were sources of 0.288 and 0.02 Pg C per year, respectively, while East Asia was a sink of 0.149 Pg C per year. Substantial interannual and decadal variations occur in the annual net carbon storage estimated by TEM due to comparable variations in summer precipitation and its effect on net primary production (NPP). At longer time scales, land-use change appears to be the important control on carbon dynamics in this region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Appl Remote Sensing Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Alaska, USGS, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Tian, HQ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012 OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091 NR 75 TC 81 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JUN 20 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 201 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00205-9 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 696HB UT WOS:000183880600004 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, P Schwartz, M AF van Mantgem, P Schwartz, M TI Bark heat resistance of small trees in Californian mixed conifer forests: testing some model assumptions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cambial damage; fire effects; mortality models; prescribed fire ID FIRE; MORTALITY; PINE AB An essential component to models of fire-caused tree mortality is an assessment of cambial damage. Cambial heat resistance has been traditionally measured in large overstory, trees with thick bark, although small trees have thinner bark and thus are more sensitive to fire. We undertook this study to determine if current models of bark heat transfer are applicable to small trees (<20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)). We performed this work in situ on four common species in the mixed conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada. California. The allometric relationship between bole diameter and bark thickness for each species was linear, even for very small trees (5 cm dbh). Heating experiments demonstrated that bark thickness was the primary determinant of cambial heat resistance. We found only slight. but statistically significant, among species differences in bark thermal properties. Our most significant finding was that small trees were more resistant to heating than expected from commonly used models of bark heat transfer. Our results may differ from those of existing models because we found smaller trees to have a greater proportion of inner bark, which appears to have superior insulating properties compared to outer bark. From a management perspective, growth projections suggest that a 50-year fire-free interval may allow some fire intolerant species to achieve at least some degree of cambial heat resistance in the Sierra Nevada. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP van Mantgem, P (reprint author), USGS, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia Kings Canyon Field Stn,47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011 OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 17 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 3 BP 341 EP 352 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00554-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00554-6 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 690WQ UT WOS:000183573800009 ER PT J AU Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA Zhang, W AF Durham, WB Kirby, SH Stern, LA Zhang, W TI The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate (vol 108, pg 2182, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Durham, WB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 17 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B6 AR 2301 DI 10.1029/2003JB002534 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696HT UT WOS:000183882100003 ER PT J AU Spinelli, GA Field, ME AF Spinelli, GA Field, ME TI Controls of tectonics and sediment source locations on along-strike variations in transgressive deposits on the northern California margin SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE transgression; convergent margin; syndepositional deformation; Eel River ID EEL RIVER BASIN; SUBMARINE GEOMORPHOLOGY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HUMBOLDT BASIN; LATE NEOGENE; SLOPE; FREQUENCY; DISCHARGE; OCEAN AB We identify two surfaces in the shallow subsurface on the Eel River margin offshore northern California, a lowstand erosion surface, likely formed during the last glacial maximum, and an overlying surface likely formed during the most recent transgression of the shoreline. The lowstand erosion surface, which extends from the inner shelf to near the shelfbreak and from the Eel River to Trinidad Head (similar to 80 km), truncates underlying strata on the shelf. Above the surface, inferred transgressive coastal and estuarine sedimentary units separate it from the transgressive surface on the shelf. Early in the transgression, Eel River sediment was likely both transported down the Eel Canyon and dispersed on the slope, allowing transgressive coastal sediment from the smaller Mad River to accumulate in a recognizable deposit on the shelf. The location of coastal Mad River sediment accumulation was controlled by the location of the paleo-Mad River. Throughout the remainder of the transgression, dispersed sediment from the Eel River accumulated an average of 20 m of onlapping shelf deposits. The distribution and thickness of these transgressive marine units was strongly modified by northwest-southeast trending folds. Thick sediment packages accumulated over structural lows in the lowstand surface. The thinnest sediment accumulations (0-10 m) were deposited over structural highs along faults and uplifting anticlines. The Eel margin, an active margin with steep, high sediment-load streams, has developed a thick transgressive systems tract. On this margin sediment accumulates as rapidly as the processes of uplift and downwarp locally create and destroy accommodation space. Sequence stratigraphic models of tectonically active margins should account for variations in accommodation space along margins as well as across them. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, US Geol Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Spinelli, GA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, 101 Geol Sci Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Spinelli, Glenn/B-1346-2009 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD JUN 15 PY 2003 VL 197 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00116-6 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 685DW UT WOS:000183246400003 ER PT J AU Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC AF Langenheim, VE Jachens, RC TI Crustal structure of the Peninsular Ranges batholith from magnetic data: Implications for Gulf of California rifting SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC PLATE; MEXICO AB [1] A 70-km-wide belt of magnetic highs extends similar to1200 km northwest from the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula into southern California. The anomalies are caused by the mafic western belt of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, which is exposed extensively along the northern 800 km length of the magnetic belt. Modeling indicates that the source of the anomalies extends to mid- to lower crustal depths. The linearity and undisrupted nature of the magnetic belt support the hypothesis that the peninsula has behaved as a rigid block and has resisted significant (>50 km) strike-slip deformation during the Tertiary. The absence of a corresponding magnetic belt along the coast of mainland Mexico to the south suggests that the location of rifting in the Gulf of California was influenced by the mafic Western Peninsular Ranges batholithic crust, perhaps because it is thermally and mechanically more resistant to deformation than the surrounding crust. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Langenheim, VE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 AR 1597 DI 10.1029/2003GL017159 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 691VM UT WOS:000183626700003 ER PT J AU Martinovic, B Lean, DRS Bishop, CA Birmingham, E Secord, A Jock, K AF Martinovic, B Lean, DRS Bishop, CA Birmingham, E Secord, A Jock, K TI Health of tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbons in the St. Lawrence River Basin. Part 1. Renal and hepatic vitamin A concentrations SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID SPRAYED APPLE ORCHARDS; GREAT-LAKES; HERRING GULL; RETINOL; CANADA; CONTAMINANTS; BINDING; EGGS; PCBS; WILDLIFE AB Sixteen-day-old tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), near fledging, were collected in 1999 and 2000 from nine sites representing a gradient of dioxin concentrations, within the vicinity of the St. Lawrence River in Canada and the United States, to determine if organochlorine contaminants correlated with vitamin A levels measured as retinol and retinyl palmitate. Mean concentrations of hepatic retinol ranged from 3 mg/kg to 13 mg/kg, and from 0.35 mg/kg to 1.5 mg/kg for renal retinol. Mean concentrations of hepatic retinyl palmitate ranged from 18 mg/kg to 146 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg to 6 mg/kg for renal retinyl palmitate. In 1999, molar ratio of renal retinol:retinyl palmitate was significantly and positively correlated with total polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) concentration. Among sites, total PCDDs ranged from S. 4 ng/kg wet weight to 79.5 ng/kg wet weight in tree swallows. These results suggest that current levels of organochlorine contaminants in the St. Lawrence River and surrounding tributaries may be interacting with the vitamin A pathway. Lower circulating levels and higher tissue concentrations of retinoids may result in compromised immune function and reduced reproductive success in adult birds. C1 Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC, Canada. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. St Regis Mohawk Tribe, St Regis Mohawk Hlth Serv, Hogansburg, NY USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. RP Bishop, CA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, 5421 Robertson Rd,Box 5050,RR1, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUN 13 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1072 DI 10.1080/15287390390212800 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 685QR UT WOS:000183275200006 PM 12775516 ER PT J AU Diffenbaugh, NS Sloan, LC Snyder, MA Bell, JL Kaplan, J Shafer, SL Bartlein, PJ AF Diffenbaugh, NS Sloan, LC Snyder, MA Bell, JL Kaplan, J Shafer, SL Bartlein, PJ TI Vegetation sensitivity to global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in a topographically complex region SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE regional climate model; vegetation model; CO2; western North America; BIOME4; RegCM2 ID CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; GRASSLAND RESPONSES; LATE QUATERNARY; FUTURE CLIMATE; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITIES AB [1] Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations may affect vegetation distribution both directly through changes in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency, and indirectly through CO2-induced climate change. Using an equilibrium vegetation model (BIOME4) driven by a regional climate model (RegCM2.5), we tested the sensitivity of vegetation in the western United States, a topographically complex region, to the direct, indirect, and combined effects of doubled preindustrial atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Those sensitivities were quantified using the kappa statistic. Simulated vegetation in the western United States was sensitive to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with woody biome types replacing less woody types throughout the domain. The simulated vegetation was also sensitive to climatic effects, particularly at high elevations, due to both warming throughout the domain and decreased precipitation in key mountain regions such as the Sierra Nevada of California and the Cascade and Blue Mountains of Oregon. Significantly, when the direct effects of CO2 on vegetation were tested in combination with the indirect effects of CO2-induced climate change, new vegetation patterns were created that were not seen in either of the individual cases. This result indicates that climatic and nonclimatic effects must be considered in tandem when assessing the potential impacts of elevated CO2 levels. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Diffenbaugh, NS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Snyder, Mark/B-6835-2008; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Diffenbaugh, Noah/I-5920-2014; Kaplan, Jed/P-1796-2015 OI Snyder, Mark/0000-0001-8242-7697; Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613 NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUN 12 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 AR 1067 DI 10.1029/2002GB001974 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 691VV UT WOS:000183627400002 ER PT J AU Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Ishii, Y AF Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB Chakoumakos, BC Rawn, CJ Rondinone, AJ Ishii, Y TI CO(2) hydrate: Synthesis, composition, structure, dissociation behavior, and a comparison to structure I CH(4) hydrate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; METHANE HYDRATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SUPERHEATED ICE; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; DEUTERATED ICE; TEMPERATURE; PRESERVATION; GUEST AB Structure I (sI) carbon dioxide (CO(2)) hydrate exhibits markedly different dissociation behavior from sI methane (CH(4)) hydrate in experiments in which equilibrated samples at 0.1 MPa are heated isobarically at 13 K/h from 210 K through the H(2)O melting point (273.15 K). The CO(2) hydrate samples release only about 3% of their gas content up to temperatures of 240 K, which is 22 K above the hydrate phase boundary. Up to 20% is released by 270 K, and the remaining CO(2) is released at 271.0 +/- 0.5 K, where the sample temperature is buffered until hydrate dissociation ceases. This reproducible buffering temperature for the dissociation reaction CO(2).nH(2)O = CO(2)(g) + nH(2)O(1 to s) is measurably distinct from the pure H(2)O melting point at 273.15 K, which is reached as gas evolution ceases. In contrast, when sI CH4 hydrate is heated at the same rate at 0.1 MPa, >95% of the gas is released within 25 K of the equilibrium temperature (193 K at 0.1 MPa). In conjunction with the dissociation study, a method for efficient and reproducible synthesis of pure polycrystalline CO(2) hydrate with suitable characteristics for material properties testing was developed, and the material was characterized. CO(2) hydrate was synthesized from CO(2) liquid and H(2)O solid and liquid reactants at pressures between 5 and 25 MPa and temperatures between 250 and 281 K. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination indicates that the samples consist of dense crystalline hydrate and 50-300 mum diameter pores that are lined with euhedral cubic hydrate crystals. Deuterated hydrate samples made by this same procedure were analyzed by neutron diffraction at temperatures between 4 and 215 K; results confirm that complete conversion of water to hydrate has occurred and that the measured unit cell parameter and thermal expansion are consistent with previously reported values. On the basis of measured weight gain after synthesis and gas yields from the dissociation experiments, approximately all cages in the hydrate structure are filled such that n approximate to 5.75. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Circone, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM scircone@usgs.gov RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 27 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 12 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 23 BP 5529 EP 5539 DI 10.1021/jp027391j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 687YC UT WOS:000183403700020 ER PT J AU Sipkin, SA Bufe, CG Zirbes, MD AF Sipkin, SA Bufe, CG Zirbes, MD TI Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 2001 SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE earthquakes; seismic source parameters; moment-tensor solutions; seismicity ID EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS; INVERSION AB Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 290 moderate-to-large size earthquakes that occurred during 2001. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Sipkin, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 967,Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD JUN 12 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0031-9201(03)00062-1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 695UU UT WOS:000183849400002 ER PT J AU Poore, RZ Dowsett, HJ Verardo, S Quinn, TM AF Poore, RZ Dowsett, HJ Verardo, S Quinn, TM TI Millennial- to century-scale variability in Gulf of Mexico Holocene climate records SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Holocene; Gulf of Mexico; millennial- to century-scale climate variability; solar forcing ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; LAKE-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; LAST DEGLACIATION; LATE-QUATERNARY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; HIGH-LATITUDE; WARM PERIOD; SEA AB [1] Proxy records from two piston cores in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) provide a detailed (50-100 year resolution) record of climate variability over the last 14,000 years. Long-term (millennial-scale) trends and changes are related to the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions and movement of the average position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) related to orbital forcing. The delta(18)O of the surface-dwelling planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber show negative excursions between 14 and 10.2 ka (radiocarbon years) that reflect influx of meltwater into the western GOM during melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The relative abundance of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer is related to transport of Caribbean water into the GOM. Maximum transport of Caribbean surface waters and moisture into the GOM associated with a northward migration of the average position of the ITCZ occurs between about 6.5 and 4.5 ka. In addition, abundance variations of G. sacculifer show century-scale variability throughout most of the Holocene. The GOM record is consistent with records from other areas, suggesting that century-scale variability is a pervasive feature of Holocene climate. The frequency of several cycles in the climate records is similar to cycles identified in proxy records of solar variability, indicating that at least some of the century-scale climate variability during the Holocene is due to external (solar) forcing. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Poore, RZ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 919,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008 NR 59 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD JUN 11 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 AR 1048 DI 10.1029/2002PA000868 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 691YH UT WOS:000183633200002 ER PT J AU Welty, C Kane, AC Kauffman, LJ AF Welty, C Kane, AC Kauffman, LJ TI Stochastic analysis of transverse dispersion in density-coupled transport in aquifers SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundwater; dispersion; stochastic analysis; density-dependent transport ID NATURAL GRADIENT EXPERIMENT; HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; CALCULATING TRANSIENT POSITION; NONSTATIONARY SPECTRAL METHOD; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; VARIABLE-DENSITY; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SAND AQUIFER; TRACER TEST; CAPE-COD AB [1] Spectral perturbation techniques have been used previously to derive integral expressions for dispersive mixing in concentration-dependent transport in three-dimensional, heterogeneous porous media, where fluid density and viscosity are functions of solute concentration. Whereas earlier work focused on evaluating longitudinal dispersivity in isotropic media and incorporating the result in a mean one-dimensional transport model, the emphasis of this paper is on evaluation of the complete dispersion tensor, including the more general case of anisotropic media. Approximate analytic expressions for all components of the macroscopic dispersivity tensor are derived, and the tensor is shown to be asymmetric. The tensor is separated into its symmetric and antisymmetric parts, where the symmetric part is used to calculate the principal components and principal directions of dispersivity, and the antisymmetric part of the tensor is shown to modify the velocity of the solute body compared to that of the background fluid. An example set of numerical simulations incorporating the tensor illustrates the effect of density-coupled dispersivity on a sinking plume in an aquifer. The simulations show that the effective transverse vertical spreading in a sinking plume to be significantly greater than would be predicted by a standard density-coupled transport model that does not incorporate the coupling in the dispersivity tensor. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Golder Associates, Cherry Hill, NJ 08054 USA. US Geol Survey, W Trenton, NJ 08628 USA. RP Welty, C (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 AR 1150 DI 10.1029/2002WR001631 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 691YW UT WOS:000183634400004 ER PT J AU Chiaraluce, L Ellsworth, WL Chiarabba, C Cocco, M AF Chiaraluce, L Ellsworth, WL Chiarabba, C Cocco, M TI Imaging the complexity of an active normal fault system: The 1997 Colfiorito (central Italy) case study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE normal faults; segmentation; seismicity; double-difference location; stress inversion ID MODELING COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENTS; UMBRIA-MARCHE EARTHQUAKES; SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1997; NORTHERN APENNINES; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; RUPTURE DIRECTIVITY; CALAVERAS FAULT; STRESS CHANGES; HAYWARD FAULT; SEQUENCE AB [1] Six moderate magnitude earthquakes (5 < M-w < 6) ruptured normal fault segments of the southern sector of the North Apennine belt (central Italy) in the 1997 Colfiorito earthquake sequence. We study the progressive activation of adjacent and nearby parallel faults of this complex normal fault system using similar to1650 earthquake locations obtained by applying a double-difference location method, using travel time picks and waveform cross-correlation measurements. The lateral extent of the fault segments range from 5 to 10 km and make up a broad, similar to45 km long, NW trending fault system. The geometry of each segment is quite simple and consists of planar faults gently dipping toward SW with an average dip of 40degrees -45degrees. The fault planes are not listric but maintain a constant dip through the entire seismogenic volume, down to 8 km depth. We observe the activation of faults on the hanging wall and the absence of seismicity in the footwall of the structure. The observed fault segmentation appears to be due to the lateral heterogeneity of the upper crust: preexisting thrusts inherited from Neogene's compressional tectonic intersect the active normal faults and control their maximum length. The stress tensor obtained by inverting the six main shock focal mechanisms of the sequence is in agreement with the tectonic stress active in the inner chain of the Apennine, revealing a clear NE trending extension direction. Aftershock focal mechanisms show a consistent extensional kinematics, 70% of which are mechanically consistent with the main shock stress field. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Chiaraluce, L (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. EM chiaraluce@ingv.it; ellsworth@usgs.gov; cocco@ingv.it RI chiarabba, claudio/G-4780-2011; Cocco, Massimo/G-6872-2012; Chiaraluce, Lauro/A-4410-2012 OI chiarabba, claudio/0000-0002-8111-3466; Chiaraluce, Lauro/0000-0002-9697-6504 NR 64 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B6 AR 2294 DI 10.1029/2002JB002166 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690PF UT WOS:000183557000008 ER PT J AU Manaker, DM Burgmann, R Prescott, WH Langbein, J AF Manaker, DM Burgmann, R Prescott, WH Langbein, J TI Distribution of interseismic slip rates and the potential for significant earthquakes on the Calaveras fault, central California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Calaveras fault; fault models; earthquakes; California ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE; AMERICA PLATE BOUNDARY; FRANCISCO BAY-REGION; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; HAYWARD; KINEMATICS; HOLLISTER; MODEL; ZONE AB [1] The Calaveras fault is a major component of the San Andreas fault system in the San Francisco Bay area, that generated 13 earthquakes of M-L > 5 since 1850. In most recent M-L > 5 events, premain shock and postmain shock microseismicity is sparse in the region of coseismic slip. These aseismic areas are believed to represent locked patches of the fault that are accumulating strain to be released in M-L > 5 events. We analyze geodetic data to better characterize the spatial distribution of interseismic slip rates on the Calaveras fault, modeling the slip distribution in the seismogenic zone by inversion of over 25 years of surface deformation data. We use a regional fault model with the seismogenic zone of the Calaveras fault discretized into similar to6 km x 3 km elements, employing a weighted least squares approach with smoothing and positivity constraints. Our discretized fault slip model consistently identifies regions of slip deficit in the seismogenic zone of the Calaveras fault that generally correspond to regions of decreased microseismicity and ruptures of previous moderate earthquakes. In particular, we find correspondence with the 1979 Coyote Lake and 1984 Morgan Hill events, as well as regions where historical earthquakes on the Coyote and the Sunol-San Ramon segments have occurred. Moment magnitude calculations based on the estimated slip deficit, fault area, and recurrence intervals agree with measured magnitudes of modern events and interpreted historical magnitudes. The results suggest that a combination of geodetically derived fault slip models and microseismicity distribution can be used to characterize seismic hazard. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Manaker, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM manaker@geology.ucdavis.edu; burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu; prescott@unavco.org; langbein@usgs.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUN 6 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B6 AR 2287 DI 10.1029/2002JB001749 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 690PF UT WOS:000183557000002 ER PT J AU Druschel, GK Schoonen, MAA Nordstrom, DK Ball, JW Xu, Y Cohn, CA AF Druschel, GK Schoonen, MAA Nordstrom, DK Ball, JW Xu, Y Cohn, CA TI Sulfur geochemistry of hydrothermal waters in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. III. An anion-exchange resin technique for sampling and preservation of sulfoxyanions in natural waters SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID YUGAMA CRATER LAKE; SULFATE REDUCTION; THIOSULFATE TRANSFORMATIONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; SEDIMENTS; TEMPERATURE; SULFIDE; KINETICS; OXYGEN AB A sampling protocol for the retention, extraction, and analysis of sulfoxyanions in hydrothermal waters has been developed in the laboratory and tested at Yellowstone National Park and Green Lake, NY. Initial laboratory testing of the anion-exchange resin Bio-Rad(TM) AG1-X8 indicated that the resin was well suited for the sampling, preservation, and extraction of sulfate and thiosulfate. Synthetic solutions containing sulfate and thiosulfate were passed through AG1-X8 resin columns and eluted with 1 and 3 M KCl, respectively. Recovery ranged from 89 to 100%. Comparison of results for water samples collected from five pools in Yellowstone National Park between on-site IC analysis (U. S. Geological Survey mobile lab) and IC analysis of resin-stored sample at SUNY-Stony Brook indicates 96 to 100% agreement for three pools (Cinder, Cistern, and an unnamed pool near Cistern) and 76 and 63% agreement for two pools (Sulfur Dust and Frying Pan). Attempts to extract polythionates from the AG1-X8 resin were made using HCl solutions, but were unsuccessful. Bio-Rad2 AG2-X8, an anion-exchange resin with weaker binding sites than the AG1-X8 resin, is better suited for polythionate extraction. Sulfate and thiosulfate extraction with this resin has been accomplished with KCl solutions of 0.1 and 0.5 M, respectively. Trithionate and tetrathionate can be extracted with 4 M KCl. Higher polythionates can be extracted with 9 M hydrochloric acid. Polythionate concentrations can then be determined directly using ion chromatographic methods, and laboratory results indicate recovery of up to 90% for synthetic polythionate solutions using AG2-X8 resin columns. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Druschel, GK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, 700 Pilottown Rd, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RI Schoonen, martin/E-7703-2011 OI Schoonen, martin/0000-0002-7133-1160 NR 75 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JUN 4 PY 2003 VL 4 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1039/b211951j PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 688FM UT WOS:000183423600001 ER PT J AU Rieman, BE Luce, CH Gresswell, RE Young, MK AF Rieman, BE Luce, CH Gresswell, RE Young, MK TI Introduction to the effects of wildland fire on aquatic ecosystems in the Western USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Forestry Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Rieman, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Forestry Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00050-1 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 684YN UT WOS:000183234200001 ER PT J AU Whitlock, C Shafer, SL Marlon, J AF Whitlock, C Shafer, SL Marlon, J TI The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern US and the implications for ecosystem management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Effects of Wildland Fire on Aquatic Ecosystems on the Western USA CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL BOISE, IDAHO DE fire history; charcoal records; holocene climate change; future fire conditions; western US ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; BIOSPHERE MODEL; SIERRA-NEVADA; HISTORY; FOREST; HOLOCENE AB Fire is an important part of the disturbance regimes of northwestern US forests and its role in maintaining and altering forest vegetation is evident in the paleoecological record of the region. Long-tenri reconstructions of Holocene fire regimes, provided by the analysis of charcoal, pollen, and other fire proxies in a network of lake records, indicate that the Pacific Northwest and summer-dry regions of the northern Rocky Mountains experienced their highest fire activity in the early Holocene (11,000-7000 years ago) and during the Medieval Warm Period (ca. 1000 years ago) when drought conditions were more severe than today. In contrast, in summer-wet areas of the northern Rocky Mountains, the period of highest fire activity was registered in the last 7000 years when dry woodland vegetation developed. When synthesized across the entire northwestern US, the paleoecological record reveals that past and present fire regimes are strongly controlled by climate changes occurring on multiple time scales. The scarcity of fires in the 20th century in some northwestern US ecosystems may be the result of successful fire suppression policies, but in wetter forests this absence is consistent with long-term fire regime patterns. In addition, simulations of potential future climate and vegetation indicate that future fire conditions in some parts of the northwestern US could be more severe than they are today. The Holocene record of periods of intensified summer drought is used to assess the nature of future fire-climate-vegetation linkages in the region. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Whitlock, C (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 93 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 8 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00051-3 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 684YN UT WOS:000183234200002 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Bury, RB Hyde, EJ Pearl, CA Corn, PS AF Pilliod, DS Bury, RB Hyde, EJ Pearl, CA Corn, PS TI Fire and amphibians in North America SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Effects of Wildland Fire on Aquatic Ecosystems on the Western USA CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL BOISE, IDAHO DE amphibians; aquatic ecosystems; fuel reduction; prescribed fire; wildland fire ID WILDFIRE-INDUCED SEDIMENTATION; FOAM-SUPPRESSANT CHEMICALS; YOUNG GROWTH FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; ACUTE TOXICITY; STREAM AMPHIBIANS; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; HERPETOFAUNAL RESPONSES; BREEDING AMPHIBIANS AB Information on amphibian responses to fire and fuel reduction practices is critically needed due to potential declines of species and the prevalence of new, more intensive fire management practices in North American forests. The goals of this review are to summarize the known and potential effects of fire and fuels management on amphibians and their aquatic habitats, and to identify information gaps to help direct future scientific research. Amphibians as a group are taxonomically and ecologically diverse; in turn, responses to fire and associated habitat alteration are expected to vary widely among species and among geographic regions. Available data suggest that amphibian responses to fire are spatially and temporally variable and incompletely understood. Much of the limited research has addressed short-term (1-3 years) effects of prescribed fire on terrestrial life stages of amphibians in the southeastern United States. Information on the long-term negative effects of fire on amphibians and the importance of fire for maintaining amphibian communities is sparse for the majority of taxa in North America. Given the size and severity of recent wildland fires and the national effort to reduce fuels on federal lands, future studies are needed to examine the effects of these landscape disturbances on amphibians. We encourage studies to address population-level responses of amphibians to fire by examining how different life stages are affected by changes in aquatic, riparian, and upland habitats. Research designs need to be credible and provide information that is relevant for fire managers and those responsible for assessing the potential effects of various fuel reduction alternatives on rare, sensitive, and endangered amphibian species. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, No Rocky Mtn Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 NR 140 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00060-4 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 684YN UT WOS:000183234200011 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Young, MK Gresswell, RE Rieman, BE AF Dunham, JB Young, MK Gresswell, RE Rieman, BE TI Effects of fire on fish populations: landscape perspectives on persistence of native fishes and nonnative fish invasions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Effects of Wildland Fire on Aquatic Ecosystems on the Western USA CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL BOISE, IDAHO DE wildfire; threatened species; population persistence; landscape ecology; native fishes; normative fish invasions ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; ONCORHYNCHUS-GILAE; FOREST HEALTH; FRESH-WATER; BULL TROUT; CONSERVATION; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; STREAMS AB Our limited understanding of the short and long-term effects of fire on fish contributes to considerable uncertainty in assessments of the risks and benefits of fire management alternatives. A primary concern among the many potential effects of fire is the effects of fire and fire management on persistence of native fish populations. Limited evidence suggests vulnerability of fish to fire is contingent upon the quality of affected habitats, the amount and distribution of habitat (habitat fragmentation), and habitat specificity of the species in question. Species with narrow habitat requirements in highly degraded and fragmented systems are likely to be most vulnerable to fire and fire-related disturbance. In addition to effects of fire on native fish, there are growing concerns about the effects of fire on normative fish invasions. The role of fire in facilitating invasions by normative fishes is unknown, but experience with other species suggests some forms of disturbance associated with fire may facilitate invasion. Management efforts to promote persistence of fishes in tire-prone landscapes can take the form of four basic alternatives: (1) pre-fire management; (2) post-fire management; (3) managing fire itself (e.g. fire fighting); and (4) monitoring and adaptive management. Among these alternatives, pre-fire management is likely to be most effective. Effective pre-fire management activities will address factors that may render fish populations more vulnerable to the effects of fire (e.g. habitat degradation, fragmentation, and normative species). Post-fire management is also potentially important, but suffers from being a reactive approach that may not address threats in time to avert them. Managing fire itself can be important in some contexts, but negative consequences for fish populations are possible (e.g. toxicity of fire fighting chemicals to fish). Monitoring and adaptive management can provide important new information for evaluating alternatives, but proper implementation is often hampered by inadequate study designs and inconsistent financial and institutional support. The challenge for providing better management guidelines will be to add solid empirical data and models to assess the relevance of emerging concepts and theories, and provide a sense of where and when fires pose significant risks and/or benefits to fishes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Forestry Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Geol Survey, FRESC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise Forestry Sci Lab, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 98 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00061-6 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 684YN UT WOS:000183234200012 ER PT J AU Rieman, B Lee, D Burns, D Gresswell, R Young, M Stowell, R Rinne, J Howell, P AF Rieman, B Lee, D Burns, D Gresswell, R Young, M Stowell, R Rinne, J Howell, P TI Status of native fishes in the western United States and issues for fire and fuels management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Effects of Wildland Fire on Aquatic Ecosystems on the Western USA CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL BOISE, IDAHO DE wildfire; fire and fuels management; native fish; conservation; restoration ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; YELLOWSTONE CUTTHROAT TROUT; FOREST HEALTH; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; STREAM RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY; SALMON; DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION AB Conservation of native fishes and changing patterns in wildfire and, fuels are defining challenges for managers of forested landscapes in the western United States. Many species and populations of native fishes have declined in recorded history and some now occur as isolated remnants of what once were larger more complex systems. Land management activities have been viewed as one cause of this problem. Fires also can have substantial effects on streams and. riparian systems and may threaten the persistence of some populations of fish, particularly those that are small and isolated. Despite that, major new efforts to actively manage fires and fuels in forests throughout the region may be perceived as a threat rather than a benefit to conservation of native fishes and their habitats. The management of terrestrial and aquatic resources has often been contentious, divided among a variety of agencies with different goals and mandates. Management of forests, for example, has generally been-viewed as an impact on aquatic systems. Implementation of the management-regulatory process has reinforced a uniform approach to mitigate the threats to aquatic species and habitats that may be influenced by management activities. The problems and opportunities, however, are not the same across the landscapes of interest. Attempts to streamline the regulatory process often search for generalized solutions that may oversimplify the complexity of natural systems. Significant questions regarding the influence of fire on aquatic ecosystems, changing fire regimes, and the effects of fire-related management remain unresolved and contribute to the uncertainty. We argue that management of forests and fishes can be viewed as part of the same problem, that of conservation and restoration of the natural processes that create diverse and productive ecosystems. We suggest that progress toward more integrated management of forests and native fishes will require at least three steps: (1) better integration and development of a common conceptual foundation and ecological goals; (2) attention to landscape and ecological context; and (3) recognition of uncertainty. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. US Forest Serv, Payette Natl Forest, McCall, ID 83638 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Rieman, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 127 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00062-8 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 684YN UT WOS:000183234200013 ER PT J AU Bisson, PA Rieman, BE Luce, C Hessburg, PF Lee, DC Kershner, JL Reeves, GH Gresswell, RE AF Bisson, PA Rieman, BE Luce, C Hessburg, PF Lee, DC Kershner, JL Reeves, GH Gresswell, RE TI Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Effects of Wildland Fire on Aquatic Ecosystems in the Western USA CY APR 22-24, 2002 CL BOISE, ID DE wildfire; fire and fuels management; conservation; restoration; aquatic and riparian ecosystems ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; UNITED-STATES; FOREST HEALTH; CLIMATE; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Understanding of the effects of wildland fire and fire management on aquatic and riparian ecosystems is an evolving field, with many questions still to be resolved. Limitations of current knowledge, and the certainty that fire management will continue, underscore the need to summarize available information. Integrating fire and fuels management with aquatic ecosystem conservation begins with recognizing that terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are linked and dynamic, and that fire can play a critical role in maintaining aquatic ecological diversity. To protect aquatic ecosystems we argue that it will be important to: (1) accommodate fire-related and other ecological processes that maintain aquatic habitats and biodiversity, and not simply control fires or fuels; (2) prioritize projects according to risks and opportunities for fire control and the protection of aquatic ecosystems; and (3) develop new consistency in the management and regulatory process. Ultimately, all natural resource management is uncertain; the role of science is to apply experimental design and hypothesis testing to management applications that affect fire and aquatic ecosystems. Policy-makers and the public will benefit from an expanded appreciation of fire ecology that enables them to implement watershed management projects as experiments with hypothesized outcomes, adequate controls, and replication. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Washington Off, Logan, UT USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. USGS, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bisson, PA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM pbisson@fs.fed.us RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 115 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUN 3 PY 2003 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00063-X PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 684YN UT WOS:000183234200014 ER PT J AU Belkin, HE Zheng, BS Zhu, JM AF Belkin, HE Zheng, BS Zhu, JM TI First occurrence of mandarinoite in China SO ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA-ENGLISH EDITION LA English DT Article DE mandarinoite; selenium; carbonaceous shale (stone coal); Hubei; China AB This report describes the first occurrence of the rare mineral mandarinoite (Fe23+Se3O9 . 6H(2)O) in China. It occurs in the Lower Permian Maokou Formation carbonaceous shale in Yutangba Village east of Enshi City in southwestern Hubei Province. The shale is selenium-rich and contains native selenium, V-Mo-Cr-bearing iron oxide, clay and quartz. Weathering of the selenium in the bedrock under moderate to high redox conditions in the presence of ferric iron has formed mandarinoite. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Belkin, HE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC CHINA PI BEIJING PA 26 BAIWANZHUANG, FUWAI, BEIJING 100037, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-9515 J9 ACTA GEOL SIN-ENGL JI Acta Geol. Sin.-Engl. Ed. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 702DW UT WOS:000184210600004 ER PT J AU Christian, T Schneider, RJ Farber, HA Skutlarek, D Meyer, MT Goldbach, HE AF Christian, T Schneider, RJ Farber, HA Skutlarek, D Meyer, MT Goldbach, HE TI Determination of antibiotic residues in manure, soil, and surface waters SO ACTA HYDROCHIMICA ET HYDROBIOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Water-Chemical-Society CY MAY, 2002 CL EICHSTATT, GERMANY SP Water Chem Soc DE ELISA; LC-MS; solid-phase extraction; accelerated solvent extraction; ASE; recovery; pharmaceuticals ID OXYTETRACYCLINE; PHARMACEUTICALS; TISSUES AB In the last years more and more often detections of antimicrobially active compounds ("antibiotics") in surface waters have been reported. As a possible input pathway in most cases municipal sewage has been discussed. But as an input from the realm of agriculture is conceivable as well, in this study it should be investigated if an input can occur via the pathway application of liquid manure on fields with the subsequent mechanisms surface run-off/interflow, leaching, and drift. For this purpose a series of surface waters, soils, and liquid manures from North Rhine-Westphalia (Northwestern Germany) were sampled and analyzed for up to 29 compounds by HPLC-MS/MS. In each of the surface waters antibiotics could be detected. The highest concentrations were found in samples from spring (300 ng/L of erythromycin). Some of the substances detected (e.g., tylosin), as well as characteristics in the landscape suggest an input from agriculture in some particular cases. In the investigation of different liquid manure samples by a fast immunoassay method sulfadimidine could be detected in the range of 1...2 mg/kg. Soil that had been fertilized with this liquid manure showed a content of sulfadimidine extractable by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of 15 mug/kg dry weight even 7 months after the application. This indicates the high stability of some antibiotics in manure and soil. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Plant Nutr, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Hyg & Publ Hlth, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. US Geol Survey, Ocala Water Qual & Res Lab, Ocala, FL 34474 USA. RP Christian, T (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Plant Nutr, Karlrobert Kreiten Str 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RI Schneider, Rudolf J./A-3771-2009; OI Schneider, Rudolf J./0000-0003-2228-1248; Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 17 TC 233 Z9 262 U1 17 U2 150 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0323-4320 J9 ACTA HYDROCH HYDROB JI Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1002/aheh.200390014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 703JV UT WOS:000184277000004 ER PT J AU Laakkonen, J Fisher, RN Case, TJ AF Laakkonen, J Fisher, RN Case, TJ TI Factors influencing the variation in capture rates of shrews in southern California, USA SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Notiosorex crawfordi; Sorex ornatus; capture rates; population density; precipitation; California ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOREX-ARANEUS; ABUNDANCE; SINUOSUS; BIOLOGY AB We examined the temporal variation in capture rates of shrews Notiosorex crawfordi (Cones, 1877) and Sorex ornatus (Merriam, 1895) in 20 sites representing fragmented and continuous habitats in southern California, USA. In N. crawfordi, the temporal variation was significantly correlated with the mean capture rates. Of the 6 landscape variables analyzed (size of the landscape, size of the sample area, altitude, edge, longitude and latitude), sample area was positively correlated with variation in capture rates of N. crawfordi. In S. ornatus, longitude was negatively correlated with variation in capture rates. Analysis of the effect of precipitation on the short- and long-term capture rates at 2 of the sites showed no correlation between rainfall and capture rates of shrews even though peak number of shrews at both sites were reached during the year of highest amount of rainfall, A key problem confounding capture rates of shrews in southern California is the low overall abundance of both shrew species in all habitats and seasons. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. RP Laakkonen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. OI Laakkonen, Juha/0000-0002-4040-6588 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI BIALOWIEZA PA MAMMAL RESEARCH INST, 17-230 BIALOWIEZA, POLAND SN 0001-7051 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1007/BF03194155 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 703QV UT WOS:000184293200002 ER PT J AU Dambacher, JM Luh, HK Li, HW Rossignol, PA AF Dambacher, JM Luh, HK Li, HW Rossignol, PA TI Qualitative stability and ambiguity in model ecosystems SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE community matrix; community structure; Hurwitz criteria; Lyapunov stability; qualitative stability; system feedback ID ECOLOGICAL STABILITY; FOOD-WEB; CONNECTANCE; PREDICTIONS; SYSTEMS AB Qualitative analysis of stability in model ecosystems has previously been limited to determining whether a community matrix is sign stable or not with little analytical means to assess the impact of complexity on system stability. Systems are seen as either unconditionally or conditionally stable with little distinction and therefore much ambiguity in the likelihood of stability. First, we reexamine Hurwitz's principal theorem for stability and propose two "Hurwitz criteria" that address different aspects of instability: positive feedback and insufficient lower-level feedback. Second, we derive two qualitative metrics based on these criteria: weighted feedback (wF(n)) and weighted determinants (wDelta(n)). Third, we test the utility of these qualitative metrics through quantitative simulations in a random and evenly distributed parameter space in models of various sizes and complexities. Taken together they provide a practical means to assess the relative degree to which ambiguity has entered into calculations of stability as a result of system structure and complexity. From these metrics we identify two classes of models that may have significant relevance to system research and management. This work helps to resolve some of the impasse between theoretical and empirical discussions on the complexity and stability of natural communities. C1 Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dambacher, JM (reprint author), CSIRO, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RI Dambacher, Jeffrey/A-2200-2008 NR 33 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 28 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 161 IS 6 BP 876 EP 888 DI 10.1086/367590 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 696UD UT WOS:000183905200005 PM 12858273 ER PT J AU Jin, YK Lee, MW Kim, Y Nam, SH Kim, KJ AF Jin, YK Lee, MW Kim, Y Nam, SH Kim, KJ TI Gas hydrate volume estimations on the South Shetland continental margin, Antarctic Peninsula SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE baseline models; bottom simulating reflector; seismic data; unconformity; volume estimation ID BEARING SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; WEST ANTARCTICA; PACIFIC MARGIN; VELOCITY; DEPTH; HORIZONS; ISLANDS; SOUND AB Multi-channel seismic data acquired on the South Shetland margin, northern Antarctic Peninsula, show that Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) are widespread in the area, implying large volumes of gas hydrates. In order to estimate the volume of gas hydrate in the area, interval velocities were determined using a 1-D velocity inversion method and porosities were deduced from their relationship with sub-bottom depth for terrigenous sediments. Because data such as well logs are not available, we made two baseline models for the velocities and porosities of non-gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the area, considering the velocity jump observed at the shallow sub-bottom depth due to joint contributions of gas hydrate and a shallow unconformity. The difference between the results of the two models is not significant. The parameters used to estimate the total volume of gas hydrate in the study area were 145 kin of total length of BSRs identified on seismic profiles, 350 in thickness and 15 km width of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, and 6.3% of the average volume gas hydrate concentration (based on the second baseline model). Assuming that gas hydrates exist only where BSRs are observed, the total volume of gas hydrates along the seismic profiles in the area is about 4.8 x 10(10) m(3) (7.7 x 10(12) m(3) volume of methane at standard temperature and pressure). C1 Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Seoul 425600, South Korea. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Jin, YK (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan,POB 29, Seoul 425600, South Korea. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 271 EP 282 DI 10.1017/S0954102003001275 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 692JM UT WOS:000183658000013 ER PT J AU Watten, BJ Summerfelt, ST AF Watten, BJ Summerfelt, ST TI 2001 Aquacultural Engineering Society Issues Forum, November 11-14, 2001, in Shepherdsown, West Virginia, USA - Preface SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Watten, BJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, 1700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0144-8609(03)00024-4 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 702FQ UT WOS:000184214400001 ER PT J AU Madeira, PT Jacono, CC Tipping, P Van, TK Center, TD AF Madeira, PT Jacono, CC Tipping, P Van, TK Center, TD TI A genetic survey of Salvinia minima in the southern United States SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; biological control; clonal reproduction; Cyrtobagous salviniae; PCA; polyploidy; RAPD; Salvinia minima; somatic mutation ID GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; RAPD DATA; MARKERS; CURCULIONIDAE; EVOLUTIONARY; COLEOPTERA; FLORIDA AB The genetic relationships among 68 samples of Salvinia minima (Salviniaceae) were investigated using RAPD analysis. Neighbor joining, principle components, and AMOVA analyses were used to detect differences among geographically referenced samples within and outside of Florida. Genetic distances (Nei and Li) range up to 0.48, although most are under 0.30, still relatively high levels for an introduced, clonally reproducing plant. Despite the diversity AMOVA analysis yielded no indication that the Florida plants, as a group, were significantly different from the plants sampled elsewhere in its adventive, North American range. A single, genetically dissimilar population probably exists in the recent (1998) horticultural introduction to Mississippi. When the samples were grouped into 10 regional (but artificial) units and analyzed using AMOVA the between region variance was only 7.7%. Genetic similarity among these regions may indicate introduction and dispersal from common sources. The reduced aggressiveness of Florida populations (compared to other states) may be due to herbivory. The weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae, a selective feeder, is found in Florida but not other states. The genetic similarity also suggests that there are no obvious genetic obstacles to the establishment or efficacy of C. salviniae as a biological control agent on S. minima outside of Florida. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. USGS, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Madeira, PT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 76 IS 2 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(03)00036-6 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 691BV UT WOS:000183585700004 ER PT J AU Laursen, J Normark, WR AF Laursen, J Normark, WR TI Impact of structural and autocyclic basin-floor topography on the depositional evolution of the deep-water Valparaiso forearc basin, central Chile SO BASIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NAVY SUBMARINE FAN; SUBDUCTED NAZCA PLATE; JUAN-FERNANDEZ RIDGE; SEDIMENT WAVES; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SEA FAN; CALIFORNIA BORDERLAND; CONVERGENT MARGINS; TECTONIC EROSION AB The Valparaiso Basin constitutes a unique and prominent deep-water forearc basin underlying a 40-km by 60-km mid-slope terrace at 2.5-km water depth on the central Chile margin. Seismic-reflection data, collected as part of the CONDOR investigation, image a 3-3.5-km thick sediment succession that fills a smoothly sagged, margin-parallel, elongated trough at the base of the upper slope. In response to underthrusting of the Juan Fernandez Ridge on the Nazca plate, the basin fill is increasingly deformed in the seaward direction above seaward-vergent outer forearc compressional highs. Syn-depositional growth of a large margin-parallel monoclinal high in conjunction with sagging of the inner trough of the basin created stratal geometries similar to those observed in forearc basins bordered by large accretionary prisms. Margin-parallel compressional ridges diverted turbidity currents along the basin axis and exerted a direct control on sediment depositional processes. As structural depressions became buried, transverse input from point sources on the adjacent upper slope formed complex fan systems with sediment waves characterising the overbank environment, common on many Pleistocene turbidite systems. Mass failure as a result of local topographic inversion formed a prominent mass-flow deposit, and ultimately resulted in canyon formation and hence a new focused point source feeding the basin. The Valparaiso Basin is presently filled to the spill point of the outer forearc highs, causing headward erosion of incipient canyons into the basin fill and allowing bypass of sediment to the Chile Trench. Age estimates that are constrained by subduction-related syn-depositional deformation of the upper 700-800 m of the basin fill suggest that glacio-eustatic sea-level lowstands, in conjunction with accelerated denudation rates, within the past 350 ka may have contributed to the increase in simultaneously active point sources along the upper slope as well as an increased complexity of proximal depositional facies. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Earth Sci, Aarhus, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Laursen, J (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, RSM Bldg,Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. NR 78 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-091X J9 BASIN RES JI Basin Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 201 EP 226 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2117.2003.00205.x PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 693EB UT WOS:000183702200004 ER PT J AU Sickman, JO Leydecker, A Chang, CCY Kendall, C Melack, JM Lucero, DM Schimel, J AF Sickman, JO Leydecker, A Chang, CCY Kendall, C Melack, JM Lucero, DM Schimel, J TI Mechanisms underlying export of N from high-elevation catchments during seasonal transitions SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic nitrogen; high-elevation; nitrate; nitrogen; Sierra Nevada ID SIERRA-NEVADA; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; ALPINE BASIN; INORGANIC NITROGEN; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ORGANIC NITROGEN; NATURAL-WATERS; UNITED-STATES; NATIONAL-PARK; SURFACE-WATER AB Mechanisms underlying catchment export of nitrogen (N) during seasonal transitions (i.e., winter to spring and summer to autumn) were investigated in high-elevation catchments of the Sierra Nevada using stable isotopes of nitrate and water, intensive monitoring of stream chemistry and detailed catchment N-budgets. We had four objectives: (1) determine the relative contribution of snowpack and soil nitrate to the spring nitrate pulse, (2) look for evidence of biotic control of N losses at the catchment scale, (3) examine dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) export patterns to gain a better understanding of the biological and hydrological controls on DON loss, and (4) examine the relationship between soil physico-chemical conditions and N export. At the Emerald Lake watershed, nitrogen budgets and isotopic analyses of the spring nitrate pulse indicate that 50 to 70% of the total nitrate exported during snowmelt (ca. April to July) is derived from catchment soils and talus; the remainder is snowpack nitrate. The spring nitrate pulse occurred several weeks after the start of snowmelt and was different from export patterns of less biologically labile compounds such as silica and DON suggesting that: (1) nitrate is produced and released from soils only after intense flushing has occurred and (2) a microbial N-sink is operating in catchment soils during the early stages of snowmelt. DON concentrations varied less than 20-30% during snowmelt, indicating that soil processes tightly controlled DON losses. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sickman, JO (reprint author), Dept Water Resources, Div Environm Sci, POB 942836, Sacramento, CA 94236 USA. NR 53 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUN PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1023/A:1024928317057 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 705UJ UT WOS:000184413200001 ER PT J AU Hatch, SA AF Hatch, SA TI Statistical power for detecting trends with applications to seabird monitoring SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Alaska; biological significance; components of variance; computer software; exponential models; linear regression; pseudoreplication; seabird monitoring; statistical power; study design; time series; trend analysis ID COLONY ATTENDANCE; PATTERNS; ABUNDANCE; ALASKA AB Power analysis is helpful in defining goals for ecological monitoring and evaluating the performance of ongoing efforts. I examined detection standards proposed for population monitoring of seabirds using two programs (MONITOR and TRENDS) specially designed for power analysis of trend data. Neither program models within- and among-years components of variance explicitly and independently, thus an error term that incorporates both components is an essential input. Residual variation in seabird counts consisted of day-to-day variation within years and unexplained variation among years in approximately equal parts. The appropriate measure of error for power analysis is the standard error of estimation (S.E.(est)) from a regression of annual means against year. Replicate counts within years are helpful in minimizing S.E-(est) but should not be treated as independent samples for estimating power to detect trends. Other issues include a choice of assumptions about variance structure and selection of an exponential or linear model of population change. Seabird count data are characterized by strong correlations between S.D. and mean, thus a constant CV model is appropriate for power calculations. Time series were fit about equally well with exponential or linear models, but log transformation ensures equal variances over time, a basic assumption of regression analysis. Using sample data from seabird monitoring in Alaska, I computed the number of years required (with annual censusing) to detect trends of -1.4% per year (50% decline in 50 years) and -2.7% per year (50% decline in 25 years). At alpha = 0.05 and a desired power of 0.9, estimated study intervals ranged from I I to 69 years depending on species, trend, software, and study design. Power to detect a negative trend of 6.7% per year (50% decline in 10 years) is suggested as an alternative standard for seabird monitoring that achieves a reasonable match between statistical and biological significance. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hatch, SA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM scott_hatch@usgs.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 3 BP 317 EP 329 AR PII S0006-3207(02)00301-4 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00301-4 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670PU UT WOS:000182418200003 ER PT J AU Dorazio, RM Royle, JA AF Dorazio, RM Royle, JA TI Mixture models for estimating the size of a closed population when capture rates vary among individuals SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE beta-binomial; heterogeneity; latent-class; logistic; normal; species richness ID RECAPTURE MODELS; PROBABILITIES VARY; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; ROBUST ESTIMATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; HETEROGENEITY; CENSUS; CATCHABILITY; NUMBER AB We develop a parameterization of the beta-binomial mixture that provides sensible inferences about the size of a closed population when probabilities of capture or detection vary among individuals. Three classes of mixture models (beta-binomial, logistic-normal, and latent-class) are fitted to recaptures of snowshoe hares for estimating abundance and to counts of bird species for estimating species richness. In both sets of data, rates of detection appear to vary more among individuals (animals or species) than among sampling occasions or locations. The estimates of population size and species richness are sensitive to model-specific assumptions about the latent distribution of individual rates of detection. We demonstrate using simulation experiments that conventional diagnostics for assessing model adequacy, such as deviance, cannot be relied on for selecting classes of mixture models that produce valid inferences about population size. Prior knowledge about sources of individual heterogeneity in detection rates, if available, should be used to help select among classes of mixture models that are to be used for inference. C1 US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Dorazio, RM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71 St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM bdorazio@usgs.gov; andy_royle@fws.gov OI Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 39 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2003 VL 59 IS 2 BP 351 EP 364 DI 10.1111/1541-0420.00042 PG 14 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 693TU UT WOS:000183735100016 PM 12926720 ER PT J AU Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ AF Heinz, GH Hoffman, DJ TI Predicting mercury in mallard ducklings from mercury in chorioallantoic membranes SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUCKS C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Heinz, GH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1242 EP 1246 DI 10.1007/s00128-003-0115-0 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 681ED UT WOS:000183023200025 PM 12756466 ER PT J AU Gomberg, J Waldron, B Schweig, E Hwang, H Webbers, A VanArsdale, R Tucker, K Williams, R Street, R Mayne, P Stephenson, W Odum, J Cramer, C Updike, R Hutson, S Bradley, M AF Gomberg, J Waldron, B Schweig, E Hwang, H Webbers, A VanArsdale, R Tucker, K Williams, R Street, R Mayne, P Stephenson, W Odum, J Cramer, C Updike, R Hutson, S Bradley, M TI Lithology and shear-wave velocity in Memphis, Tennessee SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MADRID SEISMIC ZONE; MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESONANCE; GEOLOGY AB We have derived a new three-dimensional model of the lithologic structure beneath the city of Memphis, Tennessee, and examined its correlation with measured shear-wave velocity profiles. The correlation is sufficiently high that the better-constrained lithologic model may be used as a proxy for shear-wave velocities, which are required to calculate site-amplification for new seismic hazard maps for Memphis. The lithologic model and its uncertainties are derived from over 1200 newly compiled well and boring logs, some sampling to 500 m depth, and a moving-least-squares algorithm. Seventy-six new shear-wave velocity profiles have been measured and used for this study, most sampling to 30 m depth or less. All log and velocity observations are publicly available via new web sites. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Memphis State Univ, Ground Water Inst, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38120 USA. RP Gomberg, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 986 EP 997 DI 10.1785/0120020164 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600002 ER PT J AU Boore, DA AF Boore, DA TI Phase derivatives and simulation of strong ground motions SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; MODELS; WAVES; ACCELEROGRAMS; SPECTRA AB Phase derivatives can be used to compute instantaneous frequency and envelope delay (also known as group delay). Envelope delay, in the guise of phase differences, has been used by engineers in the simulation of strong ground motion, particularly as a way of controlling the duration of motion. Simulations using the stochastic method, in which duration is a simple function of source duration and a path-dependent duration, possess envelope delay properties similar to those from simulations based on phase differences. Envelope delay provides a way of extending the standard stochastic method to produce nonstationary frequency content, as produced by ground motions containing surface waves. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Boore, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1132 EP 1143 DI 10.1785/0120020196 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600011 ER PT J AU Okal, EA Plafker, G Synolakis, CE Borrero, JC AF Okal, EA Plafker, G Synolakis, CE Borrero, JC TI Near-field survey of the 1946 Aleutian Tsunami on Unimak and Sanak Islands SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKES; WAVES; MOMENT AB The 1946 Aleutian earthquake stands out among tsunamigenic events because it generated both very high run-up near the earthquake source region and a destructive trans-Pacific tsunami. We obtained new data on the distribution of its tsunami in the near field along south-facing coasts between Unimak Pass on the west and Sanak Island on the east by measuring the height of driftwood and beach materials that were deposited by the tsunami above the extreme storm tide level. Our data indicate that (1) the highest measured run-up, which is at the Scotch Cap lighthouse, was 42 m above tide level or about 37 m above present storm tide elevation; (2) run-up along the rugged coast from Scotch Cap for 12 km northwest to Sennett Point is 12-18 m, and for 30 km east of Scotch Cap to Cape Lutke it is 24-42 m; (3) run-up along the broad lowlands bordering Unimak Bight is 10-20 m, and inundation is locally more than 2 km; (5) run-up diminishes to 8 m or less at the southeast corner of Unimak Island; (6) no evidence was found for run-up above present storm tides (about 4-5 m above MLLW) on the Ikatan Peninsula or areas along the coast to the west; and (7) run-up above storm tide level in the Sanak Island group is restricted to southwest-facing coasts of Sanak, Long, and Clifford Islands, where it is continuous and locally up to 24 m high. Generation of the tsunami by one or more major earthquake-triggered submarine landslides near the shelf edge south of Unimak Island seems to be the only viable mechanism to account for the data on wave arrival time, run-up heights, and distribution, as well as for unconfirmed anecdotal reports of local postquake increases in water depth and diminished bottom-fisheries productivity. A preliminary hydrodynamic simulation of the local tsunami propagation and run-up using a dipolar model of a possible landslide off Davidson Bank provides an acceptable fit to the characteristics of the distribution of local run-up, with a value at 34 m at the Scotch Cap lighthouse. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Civil Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Okal, EA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1226 EP 1234 DI 10.1785/0120020198 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600018 ER PT J AU Wesson, RL Bakun, WH Perkins, DM AF Wesson, RL Bakun, WH Perkins, DM TI Association of earthquakes and faults in the San Francisco Bay area using Bayesian inference SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOMA-PRIETA; SEISMIC HAZARD; ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDE; AFTERSHOCKS; SLIP AB Bayesian inference provides a method to use seismic intensity data or instrumental locations, together with geologic and seismologic data, to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities that specific past earthquakes are associated with specific faults. Probability density functions are constructed for the location of each earthquake, and these are combined with prior probabilities through Bayes' theorem to estimate the probability that an earthquake is associated with a specific fault. Results using this method are presented here for large, preinstrumental, historical earthquakes and for recent earthquakes with instrumental locations in the San Francisco Bay region. The probabilities for individual earthquakes can be summed to construct a probabilistic frequency-magnitude relationship for a fault segment. Other applications of the technique include the estimation of the probability of background earthquakes, that is, earthquakes not associated with known or considered faults, and the estimation of the fraction of the total seismic moment associated with earthquakes less than the characteristic magnitude. Results for the San Francisco Bay region suggest that potentially damaging earthquakes with magnitudes less than the characteristic magnitudes should be expected. Comparisons of earthquake locations and the surface traces of active faults as determined from geologic data show significant disparities, indicating that a complete understanding of the relationship between earthquakes and faults remains elusive. C1 US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wesson, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cent Reg Geol Hazards Team, POB 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1332 DI 10.1785/0120020085 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600024 ER PT J AU Personius, SF Mahan, SA AF Personius, SF Mahan, SA TI Paleoearthquakes and Eolian-dominated fault sedimentation along the Hubbell Spring fault zone near Albuquerque, New Mexico SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE; QUATERNARY FAULTS; SURFACE RUPTURE; CENTRAL NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; SEISMIC BELT; PALEOSEISMOLOGY; GEOCHRONOLOGY; DISPLACEMENT; CARBONATE AB The Hubbell Spring fault zone forms the modem eastern margin of the Rio Grande rift in the Albuquerque basin of north-central New Mexico. Knowledge of its seismic potential is important because the fault zone transects Kirtland Air Force Base/Sandia National Laboratories and underlies the southern Albuquerque metropolitan area. No earthquakes larger than M-L 5.5 have been reported in the last 156 years in this region, so-we excavated the first trench across this fault zone to determine its late Quaternary paleoseismic history. Our trench excavations revealed a complex, 16-m-wide fault zone overlain by four tapered blankets of mixed eolian sand and minor colluvium that we infer were deposited after four large-magnitude, surface-rupturing earthquakes. Although the first (oldest) rupture event is undated, we used luminescence (thermoluminescence and infrared-stimulated luminescence) ages to determine that the subsequent three rupture events occurred about 56 +/- 6, 29 +/- 3, and 12 +/- 1 ka. These ages yield recurrence intervals of 27 and 17 k.y. between events and an elapsed time of 12 k.y. since the latest surface-rupturing paleoearthquake. Slip rates are not well constrained, but our preferred average slip rate since rupture event 2 (post-56 ka) is 0.05 nmVyr, and interval slip rates between the last three events are 0.06 and 0.09 mm/yr, respectively. Vertical displacements of 1-2 m per event and probable rupture lengths of 34-43 km indicate probable paleoearthquake magnitudes (M-s or M-w) of 6.8-7.1. Future earthquakes of this size likely would cause strong ground motions in the Albuquerque metropolitan area. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Personius, SF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA. OI Mahan, Shannon/0000-0001-5214-7774 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1355 EP 1369 DI 10.1785/0120020031 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600027 ER PT J AU Beeler, NM Wong, TF Hickman, SH AF Beeler, NM Wong, TF Hickman, SH TI On the expected relationships among apparent stress, static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy, and efficiency SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; SOURCE PARAMETERS; FAULT; EARTHQUAKES; SLIP; FRICTION; MOTION; SEISMOGRAMS; RELEASE; SPECTRA AB We consider expected relationships between apparent stress tau(a) and static stress drop Deltatau(s) using a standard energy balance and find tau(a) = Deltatau(s)(0.5 - zeta), where zeta is stress overshoot. A simple implementation of this balance is to assume overshoot is constant; then apparent stress should vary linearly with stress drop, consistent with spectral theories (Brune, 1970) and dynamic crack models (Madariaga, 1976). Normalizing this expression by the static stress drop defines an efficiency eta(sw) = tau(a)/Deltatau(s) as follows from Savage and Wood (1971). We use this measure of efficiency to analyze data from one of a number of observational studies that find apparent stress to increase with seismic moment, namely earthquakes recorded in the Cajon Pass borehole by Abercrombie (1995). Increases in apparent stress with event size could reflect an increase in seismic efficiency; however, eta(sw) for the Cajon earthquakes shows no such increase and is approximately constant over the entire moment range. Thus, apparent stress and stress drop co-vary, as expected from the energy balance at constant overshoot. The median value of eta(sw) for the Cajon earthquakes is four times lower than eta(sw) for laboratory events. Thus, these Cajon-recorded earthquakes have relatively low and approximately constant efficiency. As the energy balance requires eta(sw) = 0.5 - zeta, overshoot can be estimated directly from the Savage-Wood efficiency; overshoot is positive for Cajon Pass earthquakes. Variations in apparent stress with seismic moment for these earthquakes result primarily from systematic variations in static stress drop with seismic moment and do not require a relative decrease in sliding resistance with increasing event size (dynamic weakening). Based on the comparison of field and lab determinations of the Savage-Wood efficiency, we suggest the criterion eta(sw) > 0.3 as a test for dynamic weakening in excess of that seen in the lab. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Beeler, NM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 43 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1381 EP 1389 DI 10.1785/0120020162 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600029 ER PT J AU Cramer, CH Kumar, A AF Cramer, CH Kumar, A TI 2001 Bhuj, India, earthquake engineering seismoscope recordings and eastern North America ground-motion attenuation relations SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Engineering seismoscope data collected at distances less than 300 km for the M 7.7 Bhuj, India, mainshock are compatible with ground-motion attenuation in eastern North America (ENA). The mainshock ground-motion data have been corrected to-a common geological site condition using the factors of Joyner and Boore (2000) and a classification scheme of Quaternary or Tertiary sediments or rock. We then compare these data to ENA ground-motion attenuation relations. Despite uncertainties in recording method, geological site corrections, common tectonic setting, and the amount of regional seismic attenuation, the corrected Bhuj dataset agrees with the collective predictions by ENA ground-motion attenuation relations within a factor of 2. This level of agreement is within the dataset uncertainties and the normal variance for recorded earthquake ground motions. C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Earthquake Engn, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Cramer, CH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3876 Cent Ave,Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1390 EP 1394 DI 10.1785/0120020194 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701JZ UT WOS:000184165600030 ER PT J AU Wylie, GD Casazza, ML Carpenter, M AF Wylie, GD Casazza, ML Carpenter, M TI Diet of bullfrogs in relation to predation on giant garter snakes at Colusa National Wildlife Refuge SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID RANA-CATESBEIANA AB To evaluate predation by bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, on giant garter snakes, Thamnophis gigas, at Colusa National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) we collected 99 bullfrogs during three field seasons from 2000-2002. Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, were in 90% of the bullfrogs and were usually the only food item. We found four neonate giant garter snakes in three bullfrogs. We estimated the total annual predation of bullfrogs to be about 22% of neonate production, a value similar to the 20% tail loss we documented for giant garter snakes on the Refuge as another index of bullfrog predation pressure. Even with mortality from bullfrogs and other predators, snake size classes indicate sustainable recruitment into the Colusa NWR giant garter snake population. Smaller bullfrogs and bullfrog tadpoles are also food for giant garter snakes, so further studies are needed to determine the net effect of bullfrog removal for local giant garter snake populations. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Willows, CA 95988 USA. RP Wylie, GD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Dixon Field Stn,6924 Tremont Rd, Dixon, CA 95620 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2003 VL 89 IS 3 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 741HV UT WOS:000186453400003 ER PT J AU Nol, P Brannian, RE Berlowski, BM Wolcott, MJ Rocke, TE AF Nol, P Brannian, RE Berlowski, BM Wolcott, MJ Rocke, TE TI New host record of avian tuberculosis in an American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 United States Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Nol, P (reprint author), United States Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 6006 Schroeder Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SUM PY 2003 VL 89 IS 3 BP 152 EP 154 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 741HV UT WOS:000186453400005 ER PT J AU van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Mutch, LS Johnson, VG Esperanza, AM Parsons, DJ AF van Mantgem, PJ Stephenson, NL Mutch, LS Johnson, VG Esperanza, AM Parsons, DJ TI Growth rate predicts mortality of Abies concolor in both burned and unburned stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TREE MORTALITY; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; DOUGLAS-FIR; TROPICAL FORESTS; DIAMETER GROWTH; SHADE TOLERANCE; PONDEROSA PINE; MODELS; SURVIVAL; DEATH AB Tree mortality is often the result of both long-term and short-term stress. Growth rate, an indicator of long-term stress, is often used to estimate probability of death in unburned stands. In contrast, probability of death in burned stands is modeled as a function of short-term disturbance severity. We sought to narrow this conceptual gap by determining (i) whether growth rate, in addition to crown scorch, is a predictor of mortality in burned stands and (ii) whether a single, simple model could predict tree death in both burned and unburned stands. Observations of 2622 unburned and 688 burned Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. (white fir) in the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S.A., indicated that growth rate was a significant predictor of mortality in the unburned stands, while both crown scorch and radial growth were significant predictors of mortality in the burned stands. Applying the burned stand model to unburned stands resulted in an overestimation of the unburned stand mortality rate. While failing to create a general model of tree death for A. concolor, our findings underscore the idea that similar processes may affect mortality in disturbed and undisturbed stands. C1 US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Off Sci & Nat Resources Management, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP van Mantgem, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, 47050 Gen Highway, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1029 EP 1038 DI 10.1139/X03-019 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 685JQ UT WOS:000183259800007 ER PT J AU Switalski, TA AF Switalski, TA TI Coyote foraging ecology and vigilance in response to gray wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED FOXES; SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; EXTRINSIC FACTORS; SYMPATRIC WOLVES; CANIS-LATRANS; PREY; PREDATION; MANITOBA; BEHAVIOR AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have lived in the absence of wolves (Canis lupus) for over 60 years. I examined whether wolf reintroduction in 1995 and 1996 in YNP influenced coyote vigilance and foraging ecology. From December 1997 to July 2000, my co-workers and I collected 1708 h of coyote activity budgets. Once wolves became established in the Park, they once again provided a continuous source of carrion in the Lamar Valley and we found that coyotes began feeding on carcasses throughout the year. Although we documented that wolves killed coyotes, it also became clear that surviving coyotes quickly adjusted their behaviors when wolves were present. When coyotes were near wolves or in areas of high wolf use, they fed on carcasses much more; however, they increased the amount of time spent in vigilance activities and decreased rest. There appears to be a trade-off in which wolf kills provide a quick source of food that is energetically advantageous to coyotes; however, attendant costs included increased vigilance, decreased rest, and a higher risk of being killed. Changes in the behavior of coyotes in response to the reintroduction of this large carnivore may ultimately have wide-ranging cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. C1 Utah State Univ, US Geol Survey,Coll Nat Resources, Utah Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Forestry Range & Wildlife Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Switalski, TA (reprint author), Wildlands CPR, POB 7516, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM adam@wildlandscpr.org NR 71 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 9 U2 58 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 6 BP 985 EP 993 DI 10.1139/Z03-080 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 711AG UT WOS:000184714500006 ER PT J AU Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Tunnell, SJ Engle, DM Leslie, DM AF Clark, JE Hellgren, EC Jorgensen, EE Tunnell, SJ Engle, DM Leslie, DM TI Population dynamics of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) across a nitrogen-amended landscape SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID VOLE MICROTUS-PENNSYLVANICUS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; ALPINE TUNDRA; PREDATION; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; CONSEQUENCES; SUCCESSION; RESPONSES AB We conducted a mark-recapture experiment to examine the population dynamics of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in response to low-level nitrogen amendments (16.4 kg nitrogen/ha per year) and exclosure fencing in an old-field grassland. The experimental design consisted of sixteen 0.16-ha plots with 4 replicates of each treatment combination. We predicted that densities, reproductive success, movement probabilities, and survival rates of cotton rats would be greater on nitrogen-amended plots because of greater aboveground biomass and canopy cover. Population densities of cotton rats tended to be highest on fenced nitrogen plots, but densities on unfenced nitrogen plots were similar to those on control and fenced plots. We observed no distinct patterns in survival rates, reproductive success, or movement probabilities with regard to nitrogen treatments. However, survival rates and reproductive success tended to be higher for cotton rats on fenced plots than for those on unfenced plots and this was likely attributable to decreased predation on fenced plots. As low-level nitrogen amendments continue to be applied, we predict that survival, reproduction, and population-growth rates of cotton rats on control plots, especially fenced plots with no nitrogen amendment, will eventually exceed those on nitrogen-amended plots as a result of higher plant-species diversity, greater food availability, and better quality cover. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Oklahoma Agr Expt Stn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Oklahoma Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Hellgren, EC (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 6 BP 994 EP 1003 DI 10.1139/Z03-084 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 711AG UT WOS:000184714500007 ER PT J AU Harding, AMA Piatt, JF Hamer, KC AF Harding, AMA Piatt, JF Hamer, KC TI Breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula comiculata) in Alaska: annual variation and effects of El Nino SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID KITTIWAKES RISSA-TRIDACTYLA; GUILLEMOTS URIA-AALGE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ATLANTIC PUFFINS; LIFE-HISTORIES; NORTH PACIFIC; YOUNG PUFFINS; TIME-BUDGETS; MARINE BIRD; ARCTICA AB Both within and among seabird species, different aspects of breeding biology may respond to changes in prey availability in distinct ways, and the identification of species-specific breeding parameters that are sensitive to food availability is useful for monitoring purposes. We present data from a 5-year study (1995-1999) of the breeding ecology of Horned Puffins (Fratercula corniculata) in Alaska: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation event of 1997-1998 provided an opportunity to examine the sensitivity of various breeding parameters to a reduction in prey availability caused by the anomalous oceanographic conditions of 1998. Horned Puffins were able to maintain high fledging success (83-97%) over the 5 years of the study, despite the poor local feeding conditions in 1998. The rate of increase in chick mass was lowest in 1998, and evidence suggests that chicks also fledged at the youngest ages in that year. The impacts of reduced food availability on growth varied among body structures, suggesting differential allocation of energy and nutrients. There was no variation among years in either chick diet or the mass of food loads delivered by adults. We suggest that rates of chick growth, specifically mass increase, may be a good parameter to measure for use in monitoring Horned Puffins. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Biol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Piatt, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1101 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1013 DI 10.1139/Z03-075 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 711AG UT WOS:000184714500008 ER PT J AU Shang, C Rice, JA Eberl, DD Lin, JS AF Shang, C Rice, JA Eberl, DD Lin, JS TI Measurement of illite particle thickness using a direct Fourier transform of small-angle X-ray scattering data SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE direct Fourier transform; illite; fundamental particle; particle thickness; SAXS ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES; SCHERRER EQUATION; XRD MEASUREMENT; SMECTITE; DIFFRACTION; RECTORITE; CHEMISTRY; SUSPENSIONS; MINERALS AB It has been suggested that interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) minerals are composed of aggregates of fundamental particles. Many attempts have been made to measure the thickness of such fundamental particles, but each of the methods used suffers from its own limitations and uncertainties. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can be used to measure the thickness of particles that scatter X-rays coherently. We used SAXS to study suspensions of Na-rectorite and other illites with varying proportions of smectite. The scattering intensity (I) was recorded as a function of the scattering vector, q = (4 pi/lambda) sin(theta/2), where lambda is the X-ray wavelength and theta is the scattering angle. The experimental data were treated with a direct Fourier transform to obtain the pair distance distribution function (PDDF) that was then used to determine the thickness of illite particles. The Guinier and Porod extrapolations were used to obtain the scattering intensity beyond the experimental q, and the effects of such extrapolations on the PDDF were examined. The thickness of independent rectorite particles (used as a reference mineral) is 18.3 Angstrom The SAXS results are compared with those obtained by X-ray diffraction peak broadening methods. It was found that the power-law exponent (alpha) obtained by fitting the data in the region of q = 0.1-0.6 nm(-1) to the power law (I = I(0)q(-alpha)) is a linear function of illite particle thickness. Therefore, illite particle thickness could be predicted by the linear relationship as long as the thickness is within the limit where alpha <4.0. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rice, JA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM james_rice@sdstate.edu NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CLAY MINERALS SOC PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY, STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 51 IS 3 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2003.0510305 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 688BC UT WOS:000183411500005 ER PT J AU Morris, RG Beeman, JW VanderKooi, SP Maule, AG AF Morris, RG Beeman, JW VanderKooi, SP Maule, AG TI Lateral line pore diameters correlate with the development of gas bubble trauma signs in several Columbia River fishes SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas bubble trauma; lateral line pore ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; SUPERSATURATION; WATER AB Gas bubble trauma (GBT) caused by gas supersaturation of river water continues to be a problem in the Columbia River Basin. A common indicator of GBT is the percent of the lateral line occluded with gas bubbles; however, this effect has never been examined in relation to lateral line morphology. The effects of 115, 125 and 130% total dissolved gas levels were evaluated on five fish species common to the upper Columbia River. Trunk lateral line pore diameters differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among species (longnose sucker > largescale sucker > northern pikerninnow greater than or equal to chinook salmon greater than or equal to redside shiner). At all supersaturation levels evaluated, percent of lateral line occlusion exhibited an inverse correlation to pore size but was not generally related to total dissolved gas level or time of exposure. This study suggests that the differences in lateral line pore diameters between species should be considered when using lateral line occlusion as an indicator of gas bubble trauma. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. US Geol Survey, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Maule, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia River Res Lab, 5501A Cook Underwood Rd, Cook, WA 98605 USA. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 135 IS 2 BP 309 EP 320 AR PII S1095-6433(03)00072-2 DI 10.1016/S1095-6433(03)00072-2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 687PA UT WOS:000183384600011 PM 12781831 ER PT J AU Leonard, P AF Leonard, P TI Adaptive management and SCB's evaluation of species recovery plans SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Consultat HCPs & Recovery, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Leonard, P (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Consultat HCPs & Recovery, 4401 N Fairfax Dr 420, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 655 EP 656 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.17310.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682EF UT WOS:000183077800007 ER PT J AU Petit, LJ Petit, DR AF Petit, LJ Petit, DR TI Evaluating the importance of human-modified lands for neotropical bird conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHADE COFFEE; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; CHIAPAS; FOREST; PANAMA; MEXICO AB Development of effective conservation plans for terrestrial animals will require some assessment of which human-modified and natural habitats can support populations of priority species. We examined bird communities associated with 11 natural and human-modified habitats in Panama and assessed the importance of those habitats for species of different vulnerability to disturbance. We calculated habitat importance scores using both relative habitat preferences and vulnerability scores for all species present. Species of moderate and high vulnerability were primarily those categorized as forest specialists or forest generalists. As expected, even species-rich nonforest habitats provided little conservation value for the most vulnerable species. However, shaded coffee plantations and gallery forest corridors were modified habitats with relatively high conservation value. Sugar cane fields and Caribbean pine plantations offered virtually no conservation value for birds. Our method of assessing the conservation importance of different habitats is useful because it considers the types of species present and the potential role of the habitat in the conservation of those species (i.e., habitat preference). This method of habitat evaluation could be tailored to other conservation contexts with any measure of species vulnerability desired. C1 Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Petit, LJ (reprint author), Cuyahoga Valley Natl Pk, Natl Pk Serv, 15610 Vaughn Rd, Brecksville, OH 44141 USA. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 687 EP 694 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.00124.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682EF UT WOS:000183077800012 ER PT J AU Wilson, PH AF Wilson, PH TI Using population projection matrices to evaluate recovery strategies for Snake River spring and summer chinook salmon SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; CONTRASTING PATTERNS; ELASTICITY ANALYSIS; COLUMBIA RIVERS; SURVIVAL RATES; PRODUCTIVITY; CONSERVATION; MORTALITY; PACIFIC AB I explored the efficacy of alternative actions to recover threatened Snake River chinook salmon (Onchorhyncus tshawytscha). I compared the potential to increase population growth rates from two different actions: (1) habitat restoration efforts, aimed at increasing egg-to-smolt survival rate, and (2) dam breaching, intended to improve smolt-to-spawner survival. Eight dams obstruct the migration corridor these populations traverse as juveniles (downstream) and as adults (upstream), and a large portion of the juvenile migrants are collected and transported past most of the dams on barges or trucks. I applied sensitivity, elasticity, and direct perturbation analyses to an age-structured projection matrix to predict potential effects from simultaneous, nonproportional changes in multiple survival rates. Throughout the analyses, I explicitly incorporated alternative assumptions about the effectiveness of transportation, which is known to be influential. Results of the numerical experiments suggest that dam breaching has more potential to increase population growth rates than habitat restoration, except for the most optimistic assumption about the efficacy of transportation. I then fit the matrix to historical data to identify life stages in which actual decreases in survival rates have caused the observed declines in abundance. There was no reduction in egg-to-smolt survival, indicating that neither habitat deterioration nor hatchery impacts (in that life stage) caused the stocks to decline. The large decrease in smolt-to-adult survival rate from the historical period, when there were fewer dams, is consistent with the hypothesis that increased stress from transportation and passage through additional dams on the Snake River has elevated delayed mortality levels. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. RP Wilson, PH (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, 9317 Highway 99,Suite I, Vancouver, WA 98665 USA. EM paul_h_wilson@fws.gov NR 21 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 782 EP 794 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01535.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682EF UT WOS:000183077800022 ER PT J AU Hendry, AP Letcher, BH Gries, G AF Hendry, AP Letcher, BH Gries, G TI Estimating natural selection acting on stream-dwelling Atlantic salmon: Implications for the restoration of extirpated populations SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROWN TROUT; SALAR; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; SIZE; SURVIVAL; RIVER; PARR; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY AB Efforts to restore populations to locations from which they have been extirpated may be hampered by maladaptation in the introduced group because they came from a different environment. Estimates of natural selection acting on the new population can be used to deduce maladaptation and tailor efforts to reduce its effects. We estimated natural selection acting on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) undergoing restoration to the Connecticut River (U.S.A.). More than 3500 mark-recapture records in a small tributary (West Brook, Massachusetts) were used to estimate selection acting on body length, body mass, condition factor, and growth. Estimates were obtained for three to four different cohorts, two age classes (second and third years of life), and two seasons (winter and summer). We found little evidence that any of the traits were subject to strong directional selection (favoring larger or smaller trait values). Interestingly, fish that were larger or had higher condition factors rarely survived at higher rates, a result conflicting with the conventional "bigger is better" expectation. We also found little evidence that any of the traits were subject to strong or consistent stabilizing selection (favoring trait values near the mean). Our results suggest that the specific traits we examined are not limiting adaptation and are probably not preventing the population from becoming self-sustaining. Future efforts should concentrate on other potentially limiting traits, such as the timing of smolt migration. Our results also suggest that any additional introductions of exogenous fish need not be concentrated on the size or growth of juveniles in potential source populations. nte. C1 McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Hendry, AP (reprint author), McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, 859 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RI Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008 OI Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667 NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 795 EP 805 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02075.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682EF UT WOS:000183077800023 ER PT J AU Storlazzi, CD McManus, MA Figurski, JD AF Storlazzi, CD McManus, MA Figurski, JD TI Long-term, high-frequency current and temperature measurements along central California: insights into upwelling/relaxation and internal waves on the inner shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE inner shelf; upwelling; internal tides; internal waves; currents; temperature ID NORTHERN MONTEREY BAY; NEARSHORE; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; FRONTS; EVENTS; FLOW AB Thermistor chains and acoustic Doppler current profilers were deployed at the northern and southern ends of Monterey Bay to examine the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the inner (hsimilar to20m) shelf of central California. These instruments sampled temperature and current velocity at 2-min intervals over a 13-month period from June 2000 to July 2001. Time series of these data, in conjunction with SST imagery and CODAR sea surface current maps, helped to establish the basic hydrography for Monterey Bay. Analysis of time series data revealed that depth integrated flow at both sites was shore parallel (northwest-southeast) with net flows out of the Bay (northwest). The current and temperature records were dominated by semi-diurnal and diurnal tidal signals that lagged the surface tides by 3 h on average. Over the course of an internal tidal cycle these flows were asymmetric, with the flow during the flooding internal tide to the southeast typically lasting only one-third as long as the flow to the northwest during the ebbing internal tide. The transitions from ebb to flood were rapid and bore-like in nature; they were also marked by rapid increases in temperature and high shear. During the spring and summer, when thermal stratification was high, we observed almost 2000 high-frequency (T(p)similar to4 - 20 min) internal waves in packets of 8-10 following the heads of these bore-like features. Previous studies along the West Coast of the US have concluded that warm water bores and high-frequency internal waves may play a significant role in the onshore transport of larvae. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Storlazzi, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Sci Ctr, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. OI Storlazzi, Curt/0000-0001-8057-4490 NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 9 BP 901 EP 918 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00045-1 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 692RJ UT WOS:000183673800004 ER PT J AU Bogatikov, OA Melekestsev, IV Miller, DK Gurbanov, AG Lipman, PW Lovenstern, JB Sulerzhitskii, LD Shevchenko, AV AF Bogatikov, OA Melekestsev, IV Miller, DK Gurbanov, AG Lipman, PW Lovenstern, JB Sulerzhitskii, LD Shevchenko, AV TI Catastrophic rock-ice collapse and rapid shove of the Kukurtli glacier (Elbrus Volcano, Northern Caucasus) in first and second centuries SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ore Deposit Geol Petrog Mineral & Geoche, Moscow 119017, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Volcan Geol & Geochem, Far E Div, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94024 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Moscow 119017, Russia. Kabardino Balkar State Univ, Nalchik 360004, Russia. RP Bogatikov, OA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ore Deposit Geol Petrog Mineral & Geoche, Staromonetnyi Per 35, Moscow 119017, Russia. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD JUN-JUL PY 2003 VL 391 IS 5 BP 627 EP 630 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 709QR UT WOS:000184636300001 ER PT J AU Parmenter, AW Hansen, A Kennedy, RE Cohen, W Langner, U Lawrence, R Maxwell, B Gallant, A Aspinall, R AF Parmenter, AW Hansen, A Kennedy, RE Cohen, W Langner, U Lawrence, R Maxwell, B Gallant, A Aspinall, R TI Land use and land cover change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: 1975-1995 SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE classification and regression tree analysis; exurban development; fire; Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem; land use and land cover change; remote sensing; urbanization ID LODGEPOLE PINE; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE; CLASSIFICATION; BIODIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; FORESTS; WEST AB Shifts in the demographic and economic character of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) are driving patterns of land cover and land use change in the region. Such changes may have important consequences for ecosystem functioning. The objective of this paper is to quantify the trajectories and rates of change in land cover and use across the GYE for the period 1975-1995 using satellite imagery. Spectral and geographic variables were used as inputs to classification tree regression analysis (CART) to find "rules" which defined land use and land cover classes on the landscape. The resulting CART functions were used to map land cover and land use across seven Landsat TM scenes for 1995. We then used a thresholding technique to identify locations that differed in spectral properties between the 1995 and 1985 time periods. These "changed" locations were classified using CART functions derived from spectral and geographic data from 1985. This was similarly done for the year 1975 based on Landsat MSS data. Differences between the 1975, 1985, and 1995 maps. were considered change in land cover and use. We calibrated and tested the accuracy of our models using data acquired through manual interpretation of aerial photos. Elevation and vegetative indices derived from the remotely sensed satellite imagery explained the most variance in the land use and land cover classes (i.e., defined the "rules" most often). Overall accuracies from our study were good, ranging from 94% at the coarsest level of detail to 74% at the finest. The largest changes over the study period were the increases in burned, urban, and mixed conifer-herbaceous classes and decreases in woody deciduous, mixed woody deciduous-herbaceous, and conifer habitats. These changes have important implications for ecological function and biodiversity. The expansion of mixed conifer classes may increase fuel loads and enhance risk to the growing number of rural homes. The reduction of woody deciduous cover types is likely reducing population sizes for the numerous plant and animal species that specialize on this habitat type. Some of these species are also negatively influenced by the increase of rural homes in and near woody deciduous habitats. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resource & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USGS, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Parmenter, AW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Environm, 306 Rice Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 687 EP 703 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0687:LUALCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707TA UT WOS:000184524900010 ER PT J AU Mooij, WM DeAngelis, DL AF Mooij, WM DeAngelis, DL TI Uncertainty in spatially explicit animal dispersal models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE dispersal models, uncertainty; dispersal mortality; dispersal success; individual-based modeling; landscape details; likelihood, maximum; managing endangered species; model complexity; population models; random grid-walk models; spatially explicit modeling; suitable habitat ID POPULATION-MODELS; SIMULATION-MODEL; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; PATTERN AB Uncertainty in estimates of survival of dispersing animals is a vexing difficulty in conservation biology. The current notion is that this uncertainty decreases the usefulness of spatially explicit population models in particular. We examined this problem by comparing dispersal models of three levels of complexity: (1) an event-based binomial model that considers only the occurrence of mortality or arrival, (2) a temporally explicit exponential model that employs mortality and arrival rates, and (3) a spatially explicit grid-walk model that simulates the movement of animals through an artificial landscape. Each model was fitted to the same set of field data. A first objective of the paper is to illustrate how the maximum-likelihood method can be used in all three cases to estimate the means and confidence limits for the relevant model parameters, given a particular set of data on dispersal survival. Using this framework we show that the structure of the uncertainty for all three models is strikingly similar. In fact, the results of our unified approach imply that spatially explicit dispersal models, which take advantage of information on landscape details, suffer less from uncertainly than do simpler models. Moreover, we show that the proposed strategy of model development safeguards one from error propagation in these more complex models. Finally, our approach shows that all models related to animal dispersal, ranging from simple to complex, can be related in a hierarchical fashion, so that the various approaches to modeling such dispersal can be viewed from a unified perspective. C1 Ctr Limnol, Netherlands Inst Ecol, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. Univ Miami, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Mooij, WM (reprint author), Ctr Limnol, Netherlands Inst Ecol, Rijksstraatweg 6, NL-3631 AC Nieuwersluis, Netherlands. EM w.mooij@nioo.knaw.nl RI Mooij, Wolf/C-2677-2008 OI Mooij, Wolf/0000-0001-5586-8200 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 794 EP 805 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0794:UISEAD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707TA UT WOS:000184524900019 ER PT J AU Boone, MD James, SM AF Boone, MD James, SM TI Interactions of an insecticide, herbicide, and natural stressors in amphibian community mesocosms SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma; amphibian decline; anurans; atrazine; Bufo; carbaryl; chemical mixtures; herbicide; insecticide; Rana; salamanders ID ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; POND COMMUNITIES; BUFO-TERRESTRIS; RANA-CLAMITANS; SOUTHERN TOADS; ATRAZINE; TADPOLES; COMPETITION; EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE AB Amphibians developing in wetlands embedded within or near agricultural lands may frequently encounter chemical mixtures. The objectives of our study were to determine the effects that post-application concentrations of an insecticide (carbaryl) and an herbicide (atrazine) have on body mass, development, and survival of two anuran species (southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala; American toad, Bufo americanus) and two caudate species (spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum; small-mouthed salamander, A. texanum) reared in outdoor cattle tank mesocosms. In one experiment, we manipulated tadpole density (low or high), carbaryl exposure (0, 3.5, 7.0 mg/L), and atrazine exposure (0 or 200 mug/L) to test for effects on development, mass, and survival of larvae. In a second experiment, we manipulated pond hydroperiod (constant or drying), carbaryl exposure (0 or 5 mg/L), and atrazine exposure (0 or 200 mug/L) to test for effects on mass, time, and survival to metamorphosis. Salamanders were virtually eliminated in carbaryl treatments, indicating that at realistic levels, this insecticide could cause population declines for salamanders in contaminated habitats. Carbaryl also had negative effects on toad survival. Exposure to atrazine had negative effects on body size, development, and time to metamorphosis in anuran species, which were associated with reduced chlorophyll levels. Both chemicals interacted significantly with density or hydroperiod, indicating that the environmental conditions could influence the impact of a contaminant. A significant atrazine-by-carbaryl interaction resulted in smaller and less developed spotted salamander larvae than in control ponds. Atrazine exposure, however, appeared to moderate negative effects of carbaryl for spotted salamanders. Our research suggests that important changes in the community's food web result from chemical exposure, which influence the susceptibility of amphibian species to contaminants. C1 USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 46 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 4 U2 49 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 829 EP 841 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0829:IOAIHA]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 707TA UT WOS:000184524900022 ER PT J AU Kaye, TN Pyke, DA AF Kaye, TN Pyke, DA TI The effect of stochastic technique on estimates of population viability from transition matrix models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE element selection; matrix selection; population viability; stochastic growth rate; survival constraint; transition matrix model ID BETA-BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKEWED DISTRIBUTIONS; SPOTTED OWL; MANAGEMENT; DEMOGRAPHY; PROBABILITY; EXTINCTION; UNCERTAINTY AB Population viability analysis is an important tool for conservation biologists, and matrix models that incorporate stochasticity are commonly used for this purpose. However, stochastic simulations may require assumptions about the distribution of matrix parameters, and modelers often select a statistical distribution that seems reasonable without sufficient data to test its fit. We used data from long-term (5-10 year) studies with 27 populations of five perennial plant species to compare seven methods of incorporating environmental stochasticity. We estimated stochastic population growth rate (a measure of viability) using a matrix-selection method, in which whole observed matrices were selected at random at each time step of the model. In addition, we drew matrix elements (transition probabilities) at random using various statistical distributions: beta, truncated-gamma, truncated-normal, triangular, uniform, or discontinuous/observed. Recruitment rates were held constant at their observed mean values. Two methods of constraining stage-specific survival to less than or equal to100% were also compared. Different methods of incorporating stochasticity and constraining matrix column sums interacted in their effects and resulted in different estimates of stochastic growth rate (differing by up to 16%). Modelers should be aware that when constraining stage-specific survival to 100%, different methods may introduce different levels of bias in transition element means, and when this happens, different distributions for generating random transition elements may result in different viability estimates. There was no species effect on the results and the growth rates derived from all methods were highly correlated with one another. We conclude that the absolute value of population viability estimates is sensitive to model assumptions, but the relative ranking of populations (and management treatments) is robust. Furthermore, these results are applicable to a range of perennial plants and possibly other life histories. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kaye, TN (reprint author), Inst Appl Ecol, 227 SW 6th, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI kaye, thomas/D-7859-2012 NR 63 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 23 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1464 EP 1476 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[1464:TEOSTO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706KB UT WOS:000184451900017 ER PT J AU Johnson, CA Skinner, BJ AF Johnson, CA Skinner, BJ TI Geochemistry of the furnace magnetite bed, Franklin, New Jersey, and the relationship between stratiform iron oxide ores and stratiform zinc oxide-silicate ores in the new Jersey Highlands SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; EARTH ELEMENT DEPOSITS; STERLING-HILL; NEW-YORK; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MANGANESE DEPOSIT; CARBON; CALCITE AB The New Jersey Highlands terrane, which is an exposure of the Middle Proterozoic Grenville orogenic belt located in northeastern United States, contains stratiform zinc oxide-silicate deposits at Franklin and Sterling Hill and numerous massive magnetite deposits. The origins of the zinc and magnetite deposits have rarely been considered together, but a genetic link is suggested by the occurrence of the Furnace magnetite bed and small magnetite lenses immediately beneath the Franklin zinc deposit. The Furnace bed was metamorphosed and deformed along with its enclosing rocks during the Grenvillian orogeny, obscuring the original mineralogy and obliterating the original rock fabrics. The present mineralogy is manganiferous magnetite plus calcite. Trace hydrous Silicates, some coexisting with fluorite, have fluorine contents that are among the highest ever observed in natural assemblages. Furnace bed calcite has delta(13)C values of -5 1 per mil relative to Peedee belemnite (PDB) and delta(18)O values of 11 to 20 per mil relative to Vienna-standard mean ocean water (VSMOW). The isotopic compositions do not vary as expected for an original siderite layer that decarbonated during metamorphism, but they are consistent with nearly isochemical metamorphism of an iron oxide + calcite protolith that is chemically and mineralogically similar to iron-rich sediments found near the Red Sea brine pools and isotopically similar to Superior-type banded iron formations. Other manganiferous magnetite + calcite bodies occur at approximately the same stratigraphic position as far as 50 kin from the zinc deposits. A model is presented in which the iron and zinc deposits formed along the western edge of a Middle Proterozoic marine basin. Zinc was transported by sulfate-stable brines and was precipitated under sulfate-stable conditions as zincian carbonates and Fe-Mn-Zn oxides and silicates. Whether the zincian assemblages settled from the water column or formed by replacement reactions in shallowly buried sediments is uncertain. The iron deposits formed at interfaces between anoxic and oxygenated waters. The Furnace magnetite bed resulted from seawater oxidation of hydrothermally transported iron near a brine conduit. Iron deposits also formed regionally on the basin floor at the interface between anoxic deep waters and oxygenated shallower waters. These deposits include not only manganiferous magnetite + calcite bodies similar to the Furnace magnetite bed but also silicate-facies deposits that formed by iron oxide accumulation where detrital sediment was abundant. A basin margin model can be extended to Grenvillian stratiform deposits in the northwest Adirondacks of New York and the Mont Laurier basin of Quebec. In these areas iron deposits (pyrite or magnetite) are found basinward of marble-hosted sphalerite deposits, such as those in the Balmat-Edwards district. Whether the iron and zinc precipitated as sulfide assemblages or carbonate-oxide-silicate assemblages depended on whether sufficient organic matter or other reductants were available in local sediments or bottom waters to stabilize H2S. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Johnson, CA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Box 25046,MS 963, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 119 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU ECONOMIC GEOLOGY PUBL CO PI LITTLETON PA 5808 SOUTH RAPP ST, STE 209, LITTLETON, CO 80120-1942 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD JUN-JUL PY 2003 VL 98 IS 4 BP 837 EP 854 DI 10.2113/98.4.837 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 696TD UT WOS:000183902600010 ER PT J AU McClain, ME Boyer, EW Dent, CL Gergel, SE Grimm, NB Groffman, PM Hart, SC Harvey, JW Johnston, CA Mayorga, E McDowell, WH Pinay, G AF McClain, ME Boyer, EW Dent, CL Gergel, SE Grimm, NB Groffman, PM Hart, SC Harvey, JW Johnston, CA Mayorga, E McDowell, WH Pinay, G TI Biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments at the interface of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE biogeochemical cycles; carbon; nitrogen; spatial scale; temporal scale; water resources management ID LANDSCAPE-SCALE VARIATIONS; STREAM WATER-QUALITY; NEGEV-DESERT SOILS; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; TEMPERATE FOREST; RIPARIAN FORESTS; EARTHWORM CASTS; ORGANIC-CARBON AB Rates and reactions of biogeochemical processes vary in space and time to produce both hot spots and hot moments of elemental cycling. We define biogeochemical hot spots as patches that show disproportionately high reaction rates relative to the surrounding matrix, whereas hot moments are defined as short periods of time that exhibit disproportionately high reaction rates relative to longer intervening time periods. As has been appreciated by ecologists for decades, hot spot and hot moment activity is often enhanced at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces. Using examples from the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, we show that hot spots occur where hydrological flowpaths converge with substrates or other flowpaths containing complementary or missing reactants. Hot moments occur when episodic hydrological flowpaths reactivate and/or mobilize accumulated reactants. By focusing on the delivery of specific missing reactants via hydrologic flowpaths, we can forge a better mechanistic understanding of the factors that create hot spots and hot moments. Such a mechanistic understanding is necessary so that biogeochemical hot spots can be identified at broader spatiotemporal scales and factored into quantitative models. We specifically recommend that resource managers incorporate both natural and artificially created biogeochemical hot spots into their plans for water quality management. Finally, we emphasize the needs for further research to assess the potential importance of hot spot and hot moment phenomena in the cycling of different bioactive elements, improve our ability to predict their occurrence, assess their importance in landscape biogeochemistry, and evaluate their utility as tools for resource management. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Minnesota, Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34292 Montpellier, France. RP McClain, ME (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RI McClain, Michael/A-2475-2009; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Harvey, Judson/L-2047-2013; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013; OI McClain, Michael/0000-0003-2956-9818; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Harvey, Judson/0000-0002-2654-9873; Johnston, Carol/0000-0002-9663-5048; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623 NR 96 TC 845 Z9 875 U1 43 U2 419 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2003 VL 6 IS 4 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s10021-003-0161-9 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691YY UT WOS:000183634600001 ER PT J AU Poulton, BC Wildhaber, ML Charbonneau, CS Fairchild, JF Mueller, BG Schmitt, CJ AF Poulton, BC Wildhaber, ML Charbonneau, CS Fairchild, JF Mueller, BG Schmitt, CJ TI A longitudinal assessment of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in the channelized lower Missouri River SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE assessment; biological condition; habitat; Kansas City; macroinvertebrates; Missouri River; petite ponar; rock substrate ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; WATER-QUALITY; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; INDEX; STREAM; POLLUTION; VARIABILITY AB We conducted an aquatic macroinvertebrate assessment in the channelized reach of the lower Missouri River, and used statistical analysis of individual metrics and multimetric scores to identify community response patterns and evaluate relative biological condition. We examined longitudinal site differences that are potentially associated with water quality related factors originating from the Kansas City metropolitan area, using data from coarse rock substrate in flowing water habitats ( outside river bends), and depositional mud substrate in slack water habitats ( dike fields). Three sites above river mile (RM) 369 in Kansas City (Nebraska City, RM = 560; St. Joseph, RM = 530; Parkville, RM = 377) and three below ( Lexington, RM = 319; Glasgow, RM = 228; Hermann, RM = 94) were sampled with rock basket artificial substrates, a qualitative kicknet method, and the Petite Ponar. We also compared the performance of the methods used. A total of 132 aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa were collected from the lower Missouri River; one third of these taxa belonged to the sensitive EPOT insect orders ( Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Odonata, and Trichoptera). Rock baskets had the highest mean efficiency ( 34.1%) of the methods, and the largest number of taxa was collected by Ponar ( n = 69) and kicknet ( n = 69) methods. Seven of the 15 metrics calculated from rock basket data, and five of the nine metrics calculated from Ponar data showed highly significant differences ( ANOVA, P < 0.001) at one or more sites below Kansas City. We observed a substantial reduction in net-spinning Trichoptera in rock habitats below Kansas City ( Lexington), an increase in relative dominance of Oligochaeta in depositional habitats at the next site downstream ( Glasgow), and lower relative condition scores in rock habitat at Lexington and depositional habitat at Glasgow. Collectively, these data indicate that some urban-related impacts on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community are occurring. Our results suggest that the methods and assessment framework we used in this study could be successfully applied on a larger scale with concurrent water and sediment chemistry to validate metrics, establish impairment levels, and develop a specific macroinvertebrate community index for the lower Missouri River. We recommend accomplishing this with longitudinal multi-habitat sampling at a larger number of sites related to all potential sources of impairment, including major tributaries, urban areas, and point sources. C1 US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Reg Field Off 3, Ft Snelling, MN USA. US Geol Survey, Jackson Field Res Stn, Jackson, WY USA. RP Poulton, BC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 110 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 23 EP 53 DI 10.1023/A:1023301016001 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 668MZ UT WOS:000182298900002 PM 12807255 ER PT J AU Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Grove, RA Bentley, VR Elliott, JE AF Henny, CJ Kaiser, JL Grove, RA Bentley, VR Elliott, JE TI Biomagnification Factors (fish to Osprey eggs from Willamette River, Oregon, USA) for PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and OC pesticides SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE biomagnification factors; DDE; fish; mercury; Oregon; Osprey; Pandion haliaetus; PCBs; PCDDs; PCDFs ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HERRING-GULLS; CONTAMINANTS; DYNAMICS; RESIDUES; BEHAVIOR; MERCURY; WATER AB A migratory population of 78 pairs of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting along the Willamette River in western Oregon was studied in 1993. The study was designed to determine contaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrations in fish species predominant in the Ospreys diet, and Biomagnification Factors (BMFs) of contaminants from fish species eaten to Osprey eggs. Ten Osprey eggs and 25 composite samples of fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Mercury was also analyzed in fish. Geometric mean residues in Osprey eggs were judged low, e.g., DDE 2.3 mug g(-1) wet weight (ww), Sigma PCBs 0.69 mug g(-1), 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2.3 ng kg(-1), and generally well below known threshold values for adverse effects on productivity, and the population was increasing. Osprey egg residue data presented by River Mile (RM) are discussed, e. g., higher PCDDs were generally found immediately downstream of paper mills and eggs from the Willamette River had significantly elevated PCBs and PCDDs compared to reference eggs collected nearby in the Cascade Mountains. Prey remains at nest sites indicated that the Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) and Northern Pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) accounted for an estimated 90.1% of the biomass in the Osprey diet, and composite samples of these two species were collected from different sampling sites throughout the study area for contaminant analyses. With the large percentage of the fish biomass in the Osprey diet sampled for contaminants (and fish eaten by Ospreys similar in size to those chemically analyzed), and fish contaminant concentrations weighted by biomass intake, a mean BMF was estimated from fish to Osprey eggs for the large series of contaminants. BMFs ranged from no biomagnification (0.42) for 2,3,7,8- TCDF to 174 for OCDD. Our findings for the migratory Osprey were compared to BMFs for the resident Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), and differences are discussed. We believe a BMF approach provides some basic understanding of relationships between contaminant burdens in prey species of fish-eating birds and contaminants incorporated into their eggs, and may prove useful in understanding sources of contaminants in migratory species although additional studies are needed. C1 USGS, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Pacific Wildlife Res Ctr, Delta, BC, Canada. RP Henny, CJ (reprint author), USGS, Forest Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. NR 58 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 84 IS 3 BP 275 EP 315 DI 10.1023/A:1023396815092 PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 668MX UT WOS:000182298700006 PM 12807265 ER PT J AU Leenheer, JA Nanny, MA McIntyre, C AF Leenheer, JA Nanny, MA McIntyre, C TI Terpenoids as major precursors of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates, surface water, and groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THERMALLY ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FULVIC-ACIDS; PYROLYSIS; SOIL; MONOTERPENES; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB (13)C NMR analyses of hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions isolated from a landfill leachate contaminated groundwater near Norman, OK; the Colorado River aqueduct near Los Angeles, CA; Anaheim Lake, an infiltration basin for the Santa Ana River in Orange County, CA; and groundwater from the Tomago Sand Beds, near Sydney, Australia, found branched methyl groups and quaternary aliphatic carbon structures that are indicative of terpenoid hydrocarbon precursors. Significant amounts of lignin precursors, commonly postulated to be the major source of DOM, were found only in trace quantities by thermochemolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the Norman Landfill and Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic DOM fractions. Electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry of the Tomago Sand Bed hydrophobic acid DOM found an ion series differing by 14 daltons, which is indicative of aliphatic and aryl-aliphatic polycarboxylic acids. The product obtained from ozonation of the resin acid, abietic acid, gave a similar ion series. Terpenoid precursors of DOM are postulated to be derived from resin acid paper sizing agents in the Norman Landfill, algal and bacterial terpenoids in the Colorado River and Anaheim Lake, and terrestrial plant terpenoids in the Tomago Sand Beds. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Chem, Div Environm & Life Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Leenheer, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM leenheer@usgs.gov RI McIntyre, Cameron/D-1222-2016 OI McIntyre, Cameron/0000-0001-8517-9836 NR 53 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2323 EP 2331 DI 10.1021/es0264089 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 685CB UT WOS:000183242300024 PM 12831012 ER PT J AU Haitzer, M Aiken, GR Ryan, JN AF Haitzer, M Aiken, GR Ryan, JN TI Binding of mercury(II) to aquatic humic substances: Influence of pH and source of humic substances SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CONDITIONAL STABILITY-CONSTANTS; DIALYSIS-LIGAND-EXCHANGE; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; METAL-IONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; MERCURIC SULFIDE; ACID COMPLEXES; REDUCED SULFUR; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Conditional distribution coefficients (K-DOM') for Hg(II) binding to seven dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolates were measured at environmentally relevant ratios of Hg(II) to DOM. The results show that K-DOM' values for different types of samples (humic acids, fulvic acids, hydrophobic acids) isolated from diverse aquatic environments were all within I order of magnitude (10(22.5+/-1.0)-10(23.5+/-1.0) L kg(-1)), suggesting similar Hg(II) binding environments, presumably involving thiol groups, for the different isolates. K-DOM' values decreased at low pHs (4) compared to values at pH 7, indicating proton competition for the strong Hg(II) binding sites. Chemical modeling of Hg(II)-DOM binding at different pH values was consistent with bidentate binding of Hg(II) by one thiol group (pK(a) = 10.3) and one other group (pK(a) = 6.3) in the DOM, which is in agreement with recent results on the structure of Hg(II)-DOM bonds obtained by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Haitzer, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ryan, Joseph/H-7025-2012 NR 41 TC 133 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2436 EP 2441 DI 10.1021/es026291o PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 685CB UT WOS:000183242300041 PM 12831029 ER PT J AU Rice, KC Conko, KM Hornberger, GM AF Rice, KC Conko, KM Hornberger, GM TI Response to comment on "Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Rice, KC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB B, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI 张, 楠/B-1010-2010; Rice, Karen/A-8945-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 2626 EP 2626 DI 10.1021/es030050e PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 685CB UT WOS:000183242300069 ER PT J AU Zhu, ZL Waller, E AF Zhu, ZL Waller, E TI Global forest cover mapping for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Forest Resources Assessment 2000 program SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; FRA2000; land cover; mixture analysis; remote sensing ID SATELLITE DATA; TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; AVHRR DATA; LAND; CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; ACCURACY; VALIDATION; IMAGERY AB Many countries periodically produce national reports on the status and changes of forest resources, using statistical surveys and spatial mapping of remotely sensed data. At the global level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has conducted a Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) program every 10 yr since 1980, producing statistics and analysis that give a global synopsis of forest resources in the world. For the year 2000 of the FRA program (FRA2000), a global forest cover map was produced to provide spatial context to the extensive survey. The forest cover map, produced at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Data Center (EDC), has five classes: closed forest, open or fragmented forest, other wooded land, other land cover, and water. The first two forested classes at the global scale were delineated using combinations of temporal compositing, modified mixture analysis, geographic stratification, and other classification techniques. The remaining three FAO classes were derived primarily from the USGS global land cover characteristics database (Loveland et al. 1999). Validated on the basis of existing reference data sets, the map is estimated to be 77% accurate for the first four classes (no reference data were available for water), and 86% accurate for the forest and nonforest classification. The final map will be published as an insert to the FAO FRA2000 report. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Colorado Div Wildlife, Denver, CO 80216 USA. RP Zhu, ZL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM zhu@usgs.gov; eric.waller@state.co.us NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 49 IS 3 BP 369 EP 380 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 687UA UT WOS:000183394300005 ER PT J AU Chapin, FS Rupp, TS Starfield, AM DeWilde, LO Zavaleta, ES Fresco, N Henkelman, J McGuire, AD AF Chapin, FS Rupp, TS Starfield, AM DeWilde, LO Zavaleta, ES Fresco, N Henkelman, J McGuire, AD TI Planning for resilience: modeling change in human-fire interactions in the Alaskan boreal forest SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID CARBON BALANCE; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; SPRUCE; MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB The development of policies that promote ecological, economic, and cultural sustainability requires collaboration between natural and social scientists. We present a modeling approach to facilitate this communication and illustrate its application to studies of wildfire in the interior of Alaska. We distill the essence of complex fire-vegetation interactions that occur in the real world into a simplified landscape model, and describe how equally complex fire-human interactions could be incorporated into a similar modeling framework. Simulations suggest that fire suppression is likely to increase the proportion of flammable vegetation on the landscape and reduce the long-term effectiveness of wildfire suppression. Simple models that test the consequences of assumptions help natural and social scientists to communicate objectively when exploring the long-term consequences of alternative policy scenarios. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Agr & Land Resources Management, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alaska, Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Chapin, FS (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 1 IS 5 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0255:PFRMCI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WU UT WOS:000221790300019 ER PT J AU Kravchenko, SM Czamanske, G Fedorenko, VA AF Kravchenko, SM Czamanske, G Fedorenko, VA TI Geochemistry of carbonatites of the Tomtor massif SO GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SIBERIAN PLATFORM; NORTH; EVOLUTION; GENESIS; YAKUTIA; ROCKS AB Carbonatites compose sheet bodies in a 300-m sequence of volcanic lamproites, as well as separate large bodies at depths of >250-300 m. An analysis of new high-precision data on concentrations of major, rare, and rare earth elements in carbonatites shows that these rocks were formed during crystallization differentiation of a carbonatite magma, which resulted in enrichment of the later melt fractions in rare elements and was followed by autometasomatic and allometasomatic hydrothermal processes. Some independent data indicate that the main factor of ore accumulation in the weathered rock zone (also known as the "lower ore horizon" comprising metasomatized volcanics with interbedded carbonatites) was hydrothermal addition of Nb and REEs. The giant size of the Tomtor carbonatite-nepheline syenite massif caused advanced magma differentiation, extensive postmagmatic metasomatism and recrystallization of host rocks, and strong enrichment of carbonatites in incompatible rare and rare earth elements (except for Ta, Zr, Ti, K, and Rb) compared to the rocks of many other carbonatite massifs. We suggest that a wide range of iron contents in carbonatites-2 can be related to extensive magnetite fractionation at the magmatic stage in different parts of the huge massif. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem, Moscow 119017, Russia. US Geol Survey, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. Minist Nat Resources Russian Federat, Inst Nonferrous Met & Gold, Moscow 113545, Russia. RP Kravchenko, SM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem, Staromonetnyi Per 35, Moscow 119017, Russia. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0016-7029 J9 GEOCHEM INT+ JI Geochem. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 545 EP 558 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 703ZE UT WOS:000184312500004 ER PT J AU Foster, AL Brown, GE Parks, GA AF Foster, AL Brown, GE Parks, GA TI X-ray absorption fine structure study of As(V) and Se(IV) sorption complexes on hydrous Mn oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SYNTHETIC BIRNESSITE; MANGANESE OXIDE; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; ARSENIC SPECIATION; REACTION-MECHANISM; WATER INTERFACES; LAKE-SEDIMENTS AB X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopic analysis at the As, Se, and Mn K-edges was used to study arsenate [As(V)O-4(3-)] and selenite [Se(IV)O-3(2-)] sorption complexes on the synthetic hydrous manganese oxides (HMOs) vernadite (delta-MnO2) and K-birnessite (nominal composition: K4Mn14O27.9H(2)O). No significant changes were observed in sorption complex structure as a function of sorbent, pH (5 to 8), surface coverage (0.04 to 0.73 mumol/m(2)), or reaction time (5 to 22 h) in the arsenate or selenite systems. In the arsenate/HMO system, extended XAFS parameters indicate an average second-neighbor As(V) coordination of 2.0 +/- 0.4 Mn at an average distance of 3.16 +/- 0.01 Angstrom, which is consistent with formation of AS(V)O-4 sorption complexes sharing corners with two adjacent Mn(IV)O-6 surface species (i.e., bidentate, binuclear). In the selenite/HMO system, selenite surface complexes are surrounded by two shells of Mn atoms, which could represent two different adsorption complexes or a precipitate. The first shell consists of 1.6 +/- 0.4 Mn at 3.07 +/- 0.01 Angstrom, which is consistent with the selenite anion forming bidentate (mononuclear) edge-sharing complexes with Mn(II)O-6 or Mn(III)O-6 octahedra. The second shell consists of 1.4 +/- 0.4 Mn at 3.49 +/- 0.03 Angstrom, consistent with selenite forming monodentate, corner-sharing complexes with Mn(II)O-6 or Mn(III)O-6 octahedra. Pauling bond valence analysis that uses the extended XAFS-derived bond lengths for As(V)-O, Se(IV)-O, and Mn-O bonds indicates that the proposed surface complexes of selenite and arsenate on HMOs should be stable. Although a nearly identical Se(IV) coordination environment is found in a crystalline Mn(II)-Se(IV) precipitate (which has a structure similar to that of MnSeO3 . H2O), there are significant differences in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended XAFS spectra of this precipitate and the selenite/HMO sorption samples. These differences coupled with transmission electron microscopy results suggest that if a precipitate is present it lacks long-range order characteristic of crystalline MnSeO3 . H2O. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Foster, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 901, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 66 TC 115 Z9 126 U1 12 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2003 VL 67 IS 11 BP 1937 EP 1953 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(00)01301-7 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 679ZM UT WOS:000182951900001 ER PT J AU Sherrod, DR Nishimitsu, Y Tagami, T AF Sherrod, DR Nishimitsu, Y Tagami, T TI New K-Ar ages and the geologic evidence against rejuvenated-stage volcanism at Haleakala, East Maui, a postshield-stage volcano of the Hawaiian island chain SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE K/Ar; shield volcanoes; Hawaiian Islands; Hawaii; Maui; Haleakala volcano ID SCIENTIFIC DRILLING PROJECT; LAVAS; AR-40/AR-39; EVOLUTION; CRATER AB The postshield and previously inferred rejuvenated-stage history of Haleakala volcano is reevaluated on the basis of 52 new K-Ar ages, 42 from the postshield Kula Volcanics and 10 from the overlying Hana Volcanics. Postshield extrusion was robust from 0.93 to 0.76 Ma. A period of low extrusion rate or volcanic quiescence occurred between 0.76 and 0.65 Ma, well within Kula time. A chemical change to increasingly alkalic lava occurred at this time as the volcano changed from broadly hawaiitic to basanitic in its eruptive products and robust extrusion resumed. A slightly longer period of low extrusion rate or quiescence occurred after ca. 0.4 Ma, but only trifling change in geochemical character is observed. Geochemically, the Hana Volcanics unit, chiefly basanitic, overlaps greatly with the upper part of the Kula Volcanics; there is a weak tendency to slightly more alkaline character among the Hana Volcanics. The age of the Kula/Hana boundary is ca. 0.15-0.12 Ma; thus, volcanic quiescence of only similar to0.03 m.y. separates the two formations, much shorter than the previously known limit of 0.25-0.30 m.y. The brevity of this hiatus, coupled with coincident vent loci and broadly similar geochemical characteristics for the Hana and the upper part of the Kula Volcanics, indicates that the Hana Volcanics unit comprises deposits of postshield-stage volcanism that has waned substantially since ca. 0.4-0.3 Ma. Haleakala has not yet begun a classically defined rejuvenated stage. Our findings support recent numerical modeling of plume-lithosphere interactions that predict that Haleakala is near the end of its postshield growth. C1 US Geol Survey, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Kyoto Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Sherrod, DR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 51, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 6 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0683:NKAATG>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 685LN UT WOS:000183265200004 ER PT J AU Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Lanphere, M AF Hildreth, W Fierstein, J Lanphere, M TI Eruptive history and geochronology of the Mount Baker volcanic field, Washington SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Washington; stratovolcano; geochronology; caldera; volcanology; Mount Baker ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; CALC-ALKALINE GRANITOIDS; NORTH CASCADES; K-AR; CHILLIWACK BATHOLITH; SYSTEM; PETROLOGY; CALDERA; RANGE; LAVA AB Mount Baker, a steaming, ice-mantled, andesitic stratovolcano, is the most conspicuous component of a multivent Quaternary volcanic field active almost continuously since 1.3 Ma. More than 70 packages of lava flows and similar to110 dikes have been mapped, similar to500 samples chemically analyzed, and similar to80 K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages determined. Principal components are (1) the ignimbrite-filled Kulshan caldera (1.15 Ma) and its precaldera and postraldera rhyodacite lavas and dikes (1.29-0.99 Ma); (2) similar to60 intracaldera, hydrothermally altered, andesite-dacite dikes and pods-remnants of a substantial early-postcaldera volcanic center (1.1-0.6 Ma); (3) unaltered intracaldera andesite lavas and dikes, including those capping Ptarmigan and Lasiocarpa Ridges and Table Mountain (0.5-0.2 Ma); (4) the long-lived Chowder Ridge focus (1.29-0.1 Ma)-an andesite to rhyndacite eruptive complex now glacially reduced to similar to50 dikes and remnants of 10 lava flows; (5) Black Buttes stratocone, basaltic to dacitic, and several contemporaneous peripheral volcanoes (0.5-0.2 Ma); and (6) Mount Baker stratocone and contemporaneous peripheral volcanoes (0.1 Ma to Holocene). Glacial ice has influenced eruptions and amplified erosion throughout the lifetime of the volcanic field. Although more than half the material erupted has been eroded, liberal and conservative volume estimates for 77 increments of known age yield cumulative curves of volume erupted vs. time that indicate eruption rates in the range 0.17-0.43 km(3)/k.y. for major episodes and long-term background rates of 0.02-0.07 km(3)/k.y. Andesite and rhyodacite each make up nearly half of the 161 +/- 56 km(3) of products erupted, whereas basalt and dacite represent only a few cubic kilometers, each representing 1%-3% the total. During the past 4 m.y., the principal magmatic focus has migrated stepwise 25 km southwestward, from the edge of the Chilliwack batholith to present-day Mount Baker. C1 US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hildreth, W (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Volcano Hazards Team, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 54 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 6 BP 729 EP 764 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115<0729:EHAGOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 36 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 685LN UT WOS:000183265200007 ER PT J AU Barth, AP Wooden, JL Grove, M Jacobson, CE Pedrick, JN AF Barth, AP Wooden, JL Grove, M Jacobson, CE Pedrick, JN TI U-Pb zircon geochronology of rocks in the Salinas Valley region of California: A reevaluation of the crustal structure and origin of the Salinian block SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE geochronology; tectonics; California; Salinia ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS AB The Salinian block in the Salinas Valley region of central California consists of arc granitic and metasedimentary rocks (schist of Sierra de Salinas) sandwiched between coeval high-pressure, low-temperature melange belts. U-Pb zircon ages of three granitic plutons from this region range from 88 to 82 Ma, and coexisting biotite yielded Ar-40/Ar-39 cooling ages of 76-75 Ma. The U-Pb ages from detrital zircons indicate derivation of the protolith of the schist from a 117-81 Ma igneous provenance. Muscovite and biotite (40) Ar/ Ar-39 cooling ages of 72-68 Ma from the nearby schist are distinctly younger than those from the granitic plutons. These data indicate that deposition and metamorphism of the schist occurred after emplacement of adjacent granitic rocks, contradicting the prevailing view that the schist comprises the local framework for the Salinian arc. We propose that the schist of Sierra de Salinas was thrust beneath the Sallinian magmatic arc along a Campanian thrust fault that has not been recognized. This hypothesis implies that the Salinian arc originated as a klippe of basement rocks derived from the vicinity of the western Mojave Desert. Thrusting initiated southeastward-migrating Laramide tectonism of a style similar to that which formed the Vincent thrust and the latest Cretaceous and Paleocene Pelona and Orocopia Schists of southern California and southwestern Arizona. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barth, AP (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Geol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0517:UZGORI>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 685PK UT WOS:000183272300012 ER PT J AU Pollitz, FF AF Pollitz, FF TI The relationship between the instantaneous velocity field and the rate of moment release in the lithosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crustal deformation; moment release ID LAYERED SPHERICAL EARTH; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; FAULT ZONE; POSTSEISMIC RELAXATION; JOINT ESTIMATION; SHEAR ZONE; SLIP RATES; DEFORMATION; CALIFORNIA; NEVADA AB Instantaneous velocity gradients within the continental lithosphere are often related to the tectonic driving forces. This relationship is direct if the forces are secular, as for the case of loading of a locked section of a subduction interface by the downgoing plate. If the forces are static, as for the case of lateral variations in gravitational potential energy, then velocity gradients can be produced only if the lithosphere has, on average, zero strength. The static force model may be related to the long-term velocity field but not the instantaneous velocity field (typically measured geodetically over a period of several years) because over short time intervals the upper lithosphere behaves elastically. In order to describe both the short- and long-term behaviour of an (elastic) lithosphere-(viscoelastic) asthenosphere system in a self-consistent manner, I construct a deformation model termed the expected interseismic velocity (EIV) model. Assuming that the lithosphere is populated with faults that rupture continually, each with a definite mean recurrence time, and that the Earth is well approximated as a linear elastic-viscoelastic coupled system, I derive a simple relationship between the instantaneous velocity field and the average rate of moment release in the lithosphere. Examples with synthetic fault networks demonstrate that velocity gradients in actively deforming regions may to a large extent be the product of compounded viscoelastic relaxation from past earthquakes on hundreds of faults distributed over large (greater than or similar to10(6) km(2) ) areas. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pollitz, FF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 153 IS 3 BP 595 EP 608 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01924.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682DJ UT WOS:000183075800007 ER PT J AU Nishimura, T Chouet, B AF Nishimura, T Chouet, B TI A numerical simulation of magma motion, crustal deformation, and seismic radiation associated with volcanic eruptions SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crustal deformation; fluid dynamics; magma; numerical techniques; seismic-wave propagation ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; FLUID-DRIVEN CRACK; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; STROMBOLI-VOLCANO; SOURCE MECHANISMS; REDOUBT-VOLCANO; SOURCE MODEL; TREMOR; EARTHQUAKES AB The finite difference method is used to calculate the magma dynamics, seismic radiation, and crustal deformation associated with a volcanic eruption. The model geometry consists of a cylindrical reservoir and narrow cylindrical conduit embedded in a homogeneous crust. We consider two models of eruption. In the first model, a lid caps the vent and the magma is overpressurized prior to the eruption. The eruption is triggered by the instantaneous removal of the lid, at which point the exit pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. In the second model, a plug at the reservoir outlet allows pressurization of only the magmatic fluid in the reservoir before the eruption. Magma transfer between the reservoir and conduit is triggered by the instantaneous removal of the plug, and the eruption occurs when the pressure at the conduit orifice exceeds the material strength of the lid capping the vent. In both models, magma dynamics are expressed by the equations of mass and momentum conservation in a compressible fluid, in which fluid expansion associated with depressurization is accounted for by a constitutive law relating pressure and density. Crustal motions are calculated from the equations of elastodynamics. The fluid and solid are dynamically coupled by applying the continuity of wall velocities and normal stresses across the conduit and reservoir boundaries. Free slip is allowed at the fluid-solid boundary. Both models predict the gradual depletion of the magma reservoir, which causes crustal deformation observed as a long-duration dilatational signal. Superimposed on this very-long-period (VLP) signal generated by mass transport are long-period (LP) oscillations of the magma reservoir and conduit excited by the acoustic resonance of the reservoir-conduit system during the eruption. The volume of the reservoir, vent size, and magma properties control the duration of VLP waves and dominant periods of LP oscillations. The second model predicts that when the magmatic fluid reaches the vent, a high-pressure pulse occurs at this location in accordance with the basic theory of compressible fluid dynamics. This abrupt pressure increase just beneath the vent is consistent with observed seismograms in which pulse-like Rayleigh waves excited by a shallow source are dominant. The strength of the lid plays an important role in the character of the seismograms and in defining the type of eruption observed. C1 Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nishimura, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Predict Earthquakes & Volcan Erupt, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 153 IS 3 BP 699 EP 718 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01936.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682DJ UT WOS:000183075800014 ER PT J AU Stumm, F Chowdhury, S AF Stumm, F Chowdhury, S TI Delineation of ground water flow in fractured rock in the southwestern part of Manhattan, New York, through use of advanced borehole geophysical methods SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Advanced borehole-geophysical methods were used to assess the geohydrology of fractured crystalline bedrock at five test boreholes in southwestern Manhattan Island, New York, in preparation for construction of a third water tunnel for New York City. The boreholes penetrated gneiss and other crystalline bedrock that has an overall southwest to northwest dipping foliation with a 60degrees dip. Most of the fractures encountered are either nearly horizontal or have moderate northwest dip azimuths. Fracture indexes range from 0.25 to 0.44 fracture per foot (0.3 m) of borehole. Electromagnetic (EM) and heat-pulse flowmeter logs obtained under ambient and pumping conditions, together with other geophysical logs, indicate transmissive fracture zones in each borehole. Pumping tests of each borehole indicated transmissivity ranges from <2 to 360 ft(2)/day (0.2 to 33 m(2)/day). Ground water appears to flow within an interconnected fracture network toward the south and west within the study area. No correlation was indicated between the fracture index and the total borehole transmissivity. C1 US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Geol Sci, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA. RP Stumm, F (reprint author), CUNY, Grad Ctr, Earth & Environm Sci Program, New York, NY USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 23 IS 3 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2003.tb00682.x PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 716FF UT WOS:000185017600005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Lemmon, MT AF Johnson, JR Grundy, WM Lemmon, MT TI Dust deposition at the Mars Pathfinder landing site: observations and modeling of visible/near-infrared spectra SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; surface; Mars; atmosphere; spectroscopy; photometry ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MARTIAN SURFACE; SCATTERING PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC DUST; VIKING; IMAGER; ROCKS; PARTICLES; SOILS; WAVELENGTHS AB Temporal variations in the visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of the radiometric calibration targets on the Mars Pathfinder (MPF) lander obtained by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera reveal the effects of aeolian dust deposition at the MPF site throughout the mission. Sky brightness models in combination with two-layer radiative transfer models were used with these data to track changes in dust opacity on the radiometric calibration targets (RCTs) to constrain the dust deposition rate and the spectral properties of the deposited dust. Two-layer models were run assuming both linear and nonlinear dust accumulation rates, and suggest that RCT dust optical depth at the end of the 83-sol mission was 0.08 to 0.16, or on the order of 5- to 10-mum thickness for plausible values for dust porosity and grain size. These values correspond to dust fall rates of about 20-45 mum per Earth year, consistent with previous studies of dust deposition on Mars. The single scattering albedos of the dust derived from the models fall between those previously determined for atmospheric dust and bright soils. Comparisons of relative reflectance spectra calibrated using observed RCT radiances from late in the mission versus using radiances from modeled (dust-free) RCTs also reveal distinct spectral differences consistent with dust on the RCTs. Temporal variations in RCT dust opacity are not clearly linked to known passages of vortices at the MPF site, but overall suggest that deposition of dust onto the targets by local dust devils may be favored over erosion. Analyses of temporal changes in visible/near-infrared spectra will provide valuable information for future missions by constraining how dust deposition affects landed spacecraft operability (e.g., solar power availability), instrument calibration, and interpretations of surface mineralogy and composition. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77483 USA. RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RI Lemmon, Mark/E-9983-2010; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Lemmon, Mark/0000-0002-4504-5136; NR 74 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2003 VL 163 IS 2 BP 330 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00084-8 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 694VN UT WOS:000183796000004 ER PT J AU Rudstam, LG Parker, SL Einhouse, DW Witzel, LD Warner, DM Stritzel, JL Parrish, DL Sullivan, PJ AF Rudstam, LG Parker, SL Einhouse, DW Witzel, LD Warner, DM Stritzel, JL Parrish, DL Sullivan, PJ TI Application of in situ target-strength estimations in lakes: examples from rainbow-smelt surveys in Lakes Erie and Champlain SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ICES Symposium on Acoustics in Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP ICES, Inst Rech Dev, IFREMER, Acoust Soc Amer, UK Inst Acoust, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Soc Francaise Acoust DE bubble production; fish density; hydroacoustics; smelt; target strength ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; GAS BUBBLE RELEASE; PELAGIC PLANKTIVORES; FISH ABUNDANCE; PREDATOR; CAPELIN; SIZE AB Acoustic abundance of fish depends directly on the target strength (TS) of the fish surveyed. We analyzed 70 and 120 kHz acoustic data from two lakes with abundant rainbow-smelt (Osmerus mordax) populations. Using repeated surveys through the summer growing season, we derived a relationship between TS (dB) and fish length L (cm) at 120 kHz (TS = 19.9 log(10) L - 67.8). Values for 70 kHz were similar. In situ TS increased with fish density, indicating a bias from accepting multiple targets at high fish densities. Correcting for this bias increased estimates of smelt abundance by up to 18% in Lake Erie and up to 100% in Lake Champlain. Multiple modes in the TS distributions observed for older fish do not reflect different size groups, as the same modes can be observed from measurements from a single fish. Smelt released gas bubbles during the evening ascent, and these bubbles had TS (-60 to -58 dB) within the range of TS observed from the fish. Gas-bubble release occurred mostly during the migration. Conducting surveys after the ascent is completed will decrease bias associated with counting bubbles as fish. (C) 2003 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Lake Erie Unit, Dunkirk, NY 14048 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Erie Management Unit, Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, US Geol Survey, Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Rudstam, LG (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Point Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. RI Warner, David/C-8858-2009 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 3 BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.1016/S1054-3139(03)00046-8 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 694GT UT WOS:000183766600010 ER PT J AU Hubbard, BE Crowley, JK Zimbelman, DR AF Hubbard, BE Crowley, JK Zimbelman, DR TI Comparative alteration mineral mapping using visible to shortwave infrared (0.4-2.4 mu m) Hyperion, ALI, and ASTER imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Land Imager (ALI); Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER); Central Andes; Earth Observing 1(EO-1); hydrothermal alteration; Hyperion ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; ALTERED ROCKS; AVIRIS DATA; DESIGN AB Advanced Land Imager (ALI), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), and Hyperion imaging spectrometer data covering an area in the Central Andes between Volcan Socompa and Salar de Llullaillaco were used to map hydrothermally altered rocks associated with several young volcanic systems. Six ALI channels in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range (0.4-1.0 mum) were useful for discriminating between ferric-iron alteration minerals based on the spectral shapes of electronic absorption features seen in continuum-removed spectra. Six ASTER channels in the short wavelength infrared (1.0-2.5 mum) enabled distinctions between clay and sulfate mineral types based on the positions of band minima related to Al-OH vibrational absorption features. Hyperion imagery embedded in the broader image coverage of ALI and ASTER provided essential leverage for calibrating and improving the mapping accuracy of the multispectral data. This capability is especially valuable in remote areas of the earth where available geologic and other ground truth information is limited. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. GO Log Serv, White Salmon, WA 98672 USA. RP Hubbard, BE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1401 EP 1410 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.812906 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 711YM UT WOS:000184768700028 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Fielding, E Patrick, MR Trautwein, CM AF Lu, Z Fielding, E Patrick, MR Trautwein, CM TI Estimating lava volume by precision combination of multiple baseline spaceborne and airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar: The 1997 eruption of Okmok Volcano, Alaska SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE interferometry; remote sensing; surfaces; synthetic aperture radar; terrain mapping ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; EARTHS SURFACE; MOUNT-ETNA; DEFORMATION; GENERATION; MAGMA; MAPS AB Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques are used to calculate the volume of extrusion at Okmok volcano, Alaska by constructing precise digital elevation models (DEMS) that represent volcano topography before and after the 1997 eruption. The posteruption DEM is generated using airborne topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR) data where a three-dimensional affine transformation is used to account for the misalignments, between different DEM patches. The preeruption DEM is produced using repeat-pass European Remote Sensing satellite data; multiple interferograms are combined to reduce errors due to atmospheric variations, and deformation rates are estimated independently and removed from the interferograms used for DEM generation. The extrusive flow volume associated with the 1997 eruption of Okmok volcano is 0.154 +/- 0.025 km(3). The thickest portion is approximately 50 m, although field measurements of the flow margin's height do not exceed 20 m. The in situ measurements at lava edges are not representative of the total thickness, and precise DEM data are absolutely essential to calculate eruption volume based on lava thickness estimations. This study is an example that demonstrates how InSAR will play a significant role in studying volcanoes in remote areas. C1 US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Lu, Z (reprint author), US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Fielding, Eric/A-1288-2007; OI Fielding, Eric/0000-0002-6648-8067; Patrick, Matthew/0000-0002-8042-6639 NR 41 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1428 EP 1436 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.811553 PN 1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 711YM UT WOS:000184768700031 ER PT J AU Schnase, JL Cushing, J Frame, M Frondorf, A Landis, E Maier, D Silberschatz, A AF Schnase, JL Cushing, J Frame, M Frondorf, A Landis, E Maier, D Silberschatz, A TI Information technology challenges of biodiversity and ecosystems informatics SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; ecosystems; informatics; ecological forecasting AB Computer scientists, biologists, and natural resource managers recently met to examine the prospects for advancing computer science and information technology research by focusing on the complex and often-unique challenges found in the biodiversity and ecosystem domain. The workshop and its final report reveal that the biodiversity and ecosystem sciences are fundamentally information sciences and often address problems having distinctive attributes of scale and socio-technical complexity. The paper provides an overview of the emerging field of biodiversity and ecosystem informatics and demonstrates how the demands of biodiversity and ecosystem research can advance our understanding and use of information technologies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Evergreen State Coll, Olympia, WA 98505 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Natl Resources Informat Management, Stillwater, MN 55082 USA. Oregon Grad Inst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Schnase, JL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. OI Frame, Mike/0000-0001-9995-2172 NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4379 J9 INFORM SYST JI Inf. Syst. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 28 IS 4 BP 339 EP 345 AR PII S0306-4379(02)00070-4 DI 10.1016/S0306-4379(02)00070-4 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 676DT UT WOS:000182737100006 ER PT J AU Trubitsyn, VP Mooney, WD Abbott, DH AF Trubitsyn, VP Mooney, WD Abbott, DH TI Cold cratonic roots and thermal blankets: How continents affect mantle convection SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; HEAT-FLOW; SURFACE PLATES; SUBDUCTION ZONES; RAYLEIGH NUMBER; MODEL; LITHOSPHERE; BENEATH; BASALTS; THICKNESS AB Two-dimensional convection models with moving continents show that continents profoundly affect the pattern of mantle convection. If the continents are wider than the wavelength of the convection cells (similar to3000 km, the thickness of the mantle), they cause neighboring deep mantle thermal upwellings to coalesce into a single focused upwelling. This focused upwelling zone will have a potential temperature anomaly of about 200degreesC, much higher than the 100degreesC temperature anomaly of upwelling zones generated beneath typical oceanic lithosphere. Extensive high-temperature melts (including flood basalts and late potassic granites) will be produced, and the excess temperature anomaly will induce continental uplift (as revealed in sea level changes) and the eventual breakup of the supercontinent. The mantle thermal anomaly will persist for several hundred million years after such a breakup. In contrast, small continental blocks (<1000 km diameter) do not induce focused mantle upwelling zones. Instead, small continental blocks are dragged to mantle down-welling zones, where they spend most of their time, and will migrate laterally with the downwelling. As a result of sitting over relatively cold mantle (downwellings), small continental blocks are favored to keep their cratonic roots. This may explain the long-term survival of small cratonic blocks (e.g., the Yilgarn and Pilbara cratons of western Australia; and the West African craton). The optimum size for long-term stability of a continental block is <3000 km. These results show that continents profoundly affect the pattern of mantle convection. These effects are illustrated in terms of the timing and history of supercontinent breakup, the production of high-temperature melts, and sea level changes. Such two-dimensional calculations can be further refined and tested by three-dimensional numerical simulations of mantle convection with moving continental and oceanic plates. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Mooney, WD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. OI Abbott, Dallas/0000-0003-4713-6098 NR 61 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 45 IS 6 BP 479 EP 496 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.45.6.479 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA 711EJ UT WOS:000184726400001 ER PT J AU Egger, AE Dumitru, TA Miller, EL Savage, CFI Wooden, JL AF Egger, AE Dumitru, TA Miller, EL Savage, CFI Wooden, JL TI Timing and nature of tertiary plutonism and extension in the Grouse Creek Mountains, Utah SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; RAFT RIVER MOUNTAINS; SEVIER THRUST BELT; NORTHWESTERN UTAH; SOUTHERN IDAHO; SHEARING DEFORMATION; RANGE PROVINCE; FAULT SYSTEMS; BASIN; DETACHMENT AB The Grouse Creek-Albion-Raft River metamorphic core complex in northwestern Utah and southern Idaho is characterized by several Tertiary plutons with a range of ages and crosscutting relations that help constrain the timing of extensional deformation. In the Grouse Creek Mountains, at least three distinct, superimposed, extension-related Tertiary deformational events are bracketed by intrusive rocks, followed by a fourth event: motion on range-bounding faults. The Emigrant Pass plutonic complex was emplaced at depths of less than 10 km into Permian-age rocks. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon analysis indicates a three-stage intrusion of the complex at 41.3 +/- 0.3 Ma, 36.1 +/- 0.2 Ma, and 34.3 +/- 0.3 Ma. The two youngest phases represent distinctly younger intrusive event(s) than the oldest phase, separated by more than 5 m.y. The oldest phase cuts several metamorphosed and deformed younger-on-older faults, providing a pre-41 Ma age bracket for oldest extension-related deformation in the region. The youngest phase(s) are interpreted to have been intruded during development of a map-scale, N-S-trending recumbent fold, the Bovine Mountain fold, formed during vertical shortening of roof rocks during intrusion. This second event folded older normal faults that are likely pre-41 Ma. Zircons from the youngest part of the pluton show inheritance from Archean basement (similar to2.5 Ga) and from its Proterozoic sedimentary cover (similar to1.65 Ga). The Red Butte pluton, emplaced at 15-20 km depth, intruded highly metamorphosed Archean orthogneiss at 25.3 +/- 0.5 Ma; cores of some zircons yield latest Archean ages of 2.55 Ga. The pluton is interpreted to have been intruded during a third deformational and metamorphic event that resulted in vertical flattening fabrics formed during NW to EW stretching, ultimately leading to thinning of cover and top-to-the west motion on the Ingham Pass fault. The Ingham Pass fault represents an important structure in the Grouse Creek Mountains, as it juxtaposes two parts of the crust that apparently resided as much as 10 km apart (in depth) at times as young as the Miocene. The varied structural, metamorphic, and intrusive relations observed in the Grouse Creek Mountains reflect their formation at different levels within the crust. Data from these various levels argue that plutonism has been a key mechanism for transferring heat into the middle and upper crust, and localizing strain during regional extension. Interestingly, events documented here correlate in a broad way with cooling events documented in the Raft River Mountains, although plutons are not exposed there. Major and trace element geochemistry imply a crustal component in all of the studied plutons, indicating significant degrees of crustal melting at depth during extension, and point to mantle heat sources during the timespan of Basin and Range extension as the cause of melting. Basin and Range faulting and final uplift of the range is recorded by apatite fission track ages, averaging 13.4 Ma, and deposition of about 2 km of syn-faulting basin fill deposits along the Grouse Creek fault mapped along the western flank of the range. Similar apatite ages from the Albion Mountains to the north indicate that the western side of the Albion-Raft River-Grouse Creek core complex behaved as a single rigid crustal block at this time. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP San Juan Coll, Math & Sci Dept, 4601 Coll Blvd, Farmington, NM 87402 USA. EM eggera@sanjuancollege.edu; miller@pangea.stanford.edu NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 EI 1938-2839 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 45 IS 6 BP 497 EP 532 DI 10.2747/0020-6814.45.6.497 PG 36 WC Geology SC Geology GA 711EJ UT WOS:000184726400002 ER PT J AU Iko, WM Kester, CL Bern, CR Stendell, RC Rye, RO AF Iko, WM Kester, CL Bern, CR Stendell, RC Rye, RO TI Isotope variations in white-tailed kites from various habitats in California: Possible limitations in assessing prey utilization and population dynamics SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the German-Association-for-Stable-Isotope-Research CY SEP 25-27, 2002 CL WARNEMUNDE, GERMANY SP German Assoc Stable Isotope Res DE California; carbon 13; Elanus leucurus; food web dynamics; natural variations; nitrogen 15; sulfur 34; white-tailed kite ID CROWNED SPARROWS; MOLT AB White-tailed kite (Elanus leucurus) populations in the 1930s were close to extirpation in the United States. But by the 1940s, an upward trend towards recovery was apparent and continued to their current stable population levels. These dramatic fluctuations in,kite numbers may have been related to changes in rodent prey populations due to the conversion of native habitats to agriculture. To address this question, we evaluated the use of stable isotope analysis in determining if a shift in diet could be isotopically differentiated in current and historic kite populations. We first compared delta(13)C, delta(15)N, and delta(34)S values from present-day kite flight feathers and prey fur samples from four locations in California. The total ranges of isotope values for kite and their rodent prey were similar within each site. Carbon isotope values ranged from -27.1 to -22.2parts per thousand in Arcata, -26.1 to -16.9parts per thousand in Davis, -27.0 to -15.0parts per thousand in Cosumnes, and -28.2 to -11.6parts per thousand in Santa Barbara. Nitrogen isotope values ranged from 3.2 to 15.7parts per thousand in Arcata, 2.8 to 12.7parts per thousand in Davis, 4.0 to 15.7parts per thousand in Cosumnes, and 1.7 to 20.0parts per thousand. in Santa Barbara. Sulfur isotope values ranged from -7.8 to 12.4parts per thousand in Arcata, -1.1 to 9.2parts per thousand in Davis, 0.7 to 10.9parts per thousand in Cosumnes, and -8.6 to 15.6parts per thousand in Santa Barbara. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope values at each site reflect typical trophic enrichments due to physiological processes. At each Site, delta(13)C and delta(15)N values reflected the influence of a predominantly C-3 or a mixed C-3/C-4 Plant community. Sulfur isotope values reflect the influence of predominant marine or terrestrial sulfur sources at each site. However, variability in isotope values may limit the usefulness of such analyses for addressing prey utilization and population dynamics. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Stable Isotope Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Iko, WM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,TRSP Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. OI Bern, Carleton/0000-0002-8980-1781 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1080/1025601031000108679 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690UK UT WOS:000183568200008 PM 12872807 ER PT J AU Bechet, A Giroux, JF Gauthier, G Nichols, JD Hines, JE AF Bechet, A Giroux, JF Gauthier, G Nichols, JD Hines, JE TI Spring hunting changes the regional movements of migrating greater snow geese SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Anser caerulescens atlanticus; capture-recapture models; disturbance; migration; stopover ID HUMAN DISTURBANCE; MARKED ANIMALS; HABITAT USE; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; FEMALE; FAT; HYPOTHESES; RECAPTURE AB 1. Human-induced disturbance such as hunting may influence the migratory behaviour of long-distance migrants. In 1999 and 2000 a spring hunt of greater snow geese Anser caerulescens atlanticus occurred for the first time in North America since 1916, aimed at stopping population growth to protect natural habitats. 2. We evaluated the impact of this hunt on the staging movements of geese along a 600-km stretch of the St Lawrence River in southern Quebec, Canada. 3. We tracked radio-tagged female geese in three contiguous regions of the staging area from the south-west to the north-east: Lake St Pierre, Upper Estuary and Lower Estuary, in spring 1997 (n = 37) and 1998 (n = 70) before the establishment of hunting, and in 1999 (n = 60) and 2000 (n = 59) during hunting. 4. We used multi-state capture-recapture models to estimate the movement probabilities of radio-tagged females among these regions. To assess disturbance level, we tracked geese during their feeding trips and estimated the probability of completing a foraging bout without being disturbed. 5. In the 2 years without hunting, migration was strongly unidirectional from the south-west to the north-east, with very low westward movement probabilities. Geese gradually moved from Lake St Pierre to Upper Estuary and then from Upper Estuary to Lower Estuary. 6. In contrast, during the 2 years with hunting westward movement was more than four times more likely than in preceding years. Most of these backward movements occurred shortly after the beginning of the hunt, indicating that geese moved back to regions where they had not previously experienced hunting. 7. Overall disturbance level increased in all regions in years with hunting relative to years without hunting. 8. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that spring hunting changed the stopover scheduling of this long-distance migrant and might further impact population dynamics by reducing prenuptial fattening. The spring hunt may also have increased crop damage. We propose that staggered hunt opening dates could attenuate secondary effects of such management actions. C1 Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Biol, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Etud Nord, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Bechet, A (reprint author), Stn Biol Tour Valat, F-13200 Arles, France. RI Bechet, Arnaud/L-1466-2013; OI Bechet, Arnaud/0000-0002-0330-6342 NR 54 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 28 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 40 IS 3 BP 553 EP 564 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00812.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 685VB UT WOS:000183283400012 ER PT J AU Nichols, DJ AF Nichols, DJ TI Biodiversity changes in Cretaceous palynofloras of eastern Asia and western North America SO JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium of Carbon Cycle and Biodiversity Change During the Cretaceous CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL WASEDA UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN HO WASEDA UNIV DE Cretaceous palynofloras; Cretaceous Period; palynological biostratigraphy ID K-T-BOUNDARY; TERTIARY BOUNDARY; CONTIGUOUS STRATA; CANADA; PHYTOGEOPROVINCES; DISRUPTION; ECOSYSTEM; EVOLUTION; CLIMATES; POLLEN AB Palynology has great potential for providing comparative data and interpretations about changes in biodiversity during the Cretaceous Period. This is especially true for both eastern Asia and western North America because of strong floristic similarities that existed between these regions during Cretaceous time. Also, because palynomorphs of terrestrial origin can be deposited in offshore as well as terrestrial environments, significant potential exists for marine-to-continental palynostratigraphic correlations in both regions. Palynological biostratigraphy can improve the geologic dating of changes in biodiversity. During the Early Cretaceous, eastern Asia and western North America lay within the Cerebropollenites palynofloral province, a circumpolar phytogeographic zone characterized by distinctive palynological assemblages. During most of the Late Cretaceous, these regions lay within the palynofloristically unique Aquilopollenites Province, which was more restricted geographically than the Cerebropollenites Province. The most important development during Cretaceous time that is reflected in palynological assemblages was the rise of the angiosperms as the numerically and ecologically dominant forms of vegetation. The most striking short-term palynofloral event in the two regions was the sudden disappearance of species of Aquilapollenites and associated genera at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary. Both of these occurrences produced major changes in biodiversity in the terrestrial realm. Geologic research in International Geological Correlation Program Project 434 can benefit from applications of palynostratigraphy. Palynologic research within Project 434 could include development of a comprehensive palynostratigraphic zonation for the Cretaceous, the definition of regional palynostratigraphic datums, and investigation of the record of floral change at the K/T boundary. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Nichols, DJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 939,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1367-9120 J9 J ASIAN EARTH SCI JI J. Asian Earth Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 8 BP 823 EP 833 AR PII S1367-9120(02)00091-3 DI 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00091-3 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 691DP UT WOS:000183589800004 ER PT J AU Morton, RA Sallenger, AH AF Morton, RA Sallenger, AH TI Morphological impacts of extreme storms on sandy beaches and barriers SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE washover; sediment transport; hurricane; extra-tropical storm; wind stress ID NORTH-CAROLINA; SOUTHEAST IRELAND; COAST BARRIER; OVERWASH; WASHOVER; ISLAND; SEDIMENTATION AB Historical extreme storms that struck the Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coast regions of the United States caused several different styles of morphological response and resulted in a wide range of washover penetration distances. The post-storm erosional responses included dune scarps, channel incisions, and washouts, whereas depositional responses included perched fans, washover terraces, and sheetwash lineations. Maximum inland extent of washover penetration ranged from approximately 100 to 1000 m and estimated sediment volumes associated with these deposits ranged from about 10 to. 225 m(3)/m of beach. Unusual styles of morphological response (sheetwash lineations and incised channels) and maximum washover penetration distances are closely correlated, and they also correspond to storm intensity, as defined by the Saffir-Simpson wind-speed scale. The regional morphological responses and washover penetration distances are controlled primarily by the interactions among heights and durations of storm surge relative to adjacent land elevations, differences in water levels between the ocean and adjacent lagoon, constructive and destructive interference of storm waves, and alongshore variations in nearshore bathymetry. For, barrier segments that are entirely submerged during the storm, impacts can be enhanced by the combined influences of shallow water depths and organized flow within the wind field. The greatest washover penetrations and sediment accumulations are products of shallow water, confined flow, and high wind stress. Transport and deposition of washover sediments across barrier islands and into the adjacent lagoon are common processes along the Gulf of Mexico but not along the western Atlantic Ocean. This fundamental difference in storm impact underscores how microtidal and mesotidal barriers respond respectively to extreme storms, and provides insight into how different types of barrier islands will likely respond to future extreme storms and to a relative rise in sea level. C1 US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Morton, RA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 49 TC 105 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 48 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 560 EP 573 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 712TU UT WOS:000184814000008 ER PT J AU Hupp, JW Ruhl, GA Pearce, JM Mulcahy, DM Tomeo, MA AF Hupp, JW Ruhl, GA Pearce, JM Mulcahy, DM Tomeo, MA TI Effects of implanted radio transmitters with percutaneous antennas on the behavior of Canada Geese SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behavior; Branta canadensis; coelomic-implant transmitters; radio telemetry; transmitter effects ID BLUE-WINGED TEAL; WILD MALLARDS; SATELLITE TRANSMITTERS; HARLEQUIN DUCKS; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; HARNESS; RADIOTRANSMITTERS; MIGRATION; TELEMETRY AB We examined whether surgically-implanted radio transmitters with percutaneous antennas affected behavior of Lesser Canada Geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) in Anchorage, Alaska. We implanted either a 26-g VHF radio transmitter or a larger VHF radio that was the same mass (35 g) and shape as a satellite transmitter in the coelom of adult females captured during molt in 2000. A control group of females was marked with leg bands. We simultaneously observed behavior of radio-marked and control females from 4-62 d following capture. We observed no differences in the proportion of time birds in different treatments allocated among grazing, resting, comfort, walking, and alert behavior. Females in different treatments spent a similar proportion of time in the water. Implantation of radio transmitters did not affect the frequency of agonistic interactions. We conclude that coelomic radio transmitters with percutaneous antennas had minimal effects on the behavior of Canada Geese. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Hupp, JW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 74 IS 3 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 710BP UT WOS:000184661200008 ER PT J AU Joyce, MP Hubert, WA AF Joyce, MP Hubert, WA TI Snorkeling as an alternative to depletion electrofishing for assessing cutthroat trout and brown trout in stream pools SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We compared abundance and length structure estimates of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) of 15 cm total length or greater obtained by snorkeling in stream pools with estimates obtained by depletion electrofishing. We sampled 12 pools in each of two streams formed by large springs in the Salt River Valley of western Wyoming. Snorkeling counts provided a relatively accurate index of depletion electrofishing estimates of abundance of cutthroat trout,but not brown trout. Linear regression analysis showed that snorkeling counts were significantly related to depletion electrofishing estimates for both cutthroat trout (P < 0.001) and brown trout (P = 0.002), but the coefficient of determination for brown trout (r(2) = 0.33). Was low compared to cutthroat trout (r(2) = 0.95). Frequencies of fish in three length classes observed by snorkeling and-depletion electrofishing were close to being significantly different for cutthroat trout (P = 0.066) and substantially different for brown trout (P = 0.005). Snorkeling frequently failed to observe fish in the shortest length class (15-29 cm total length) of both cutthroat trout and brown trout. C1 Univ Wyoming, US Geol Survey, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Joyce, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 412 Red Apple Rd, Manistee, MI 49060 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9664487 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 675GP UT WOS:000182685800005 ER PT J AU Schofield, PJ Ross, ST AF Schofield, PJ Ross, ST TI Habitat selection of the channel darter, Percina (Cottogaster) copelandi, a surrogate for the imperiled pearl darter, Percina aurora SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY AB Percina (Cottogaster) aurora is an imperiled species under consideration for listing by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. To better understand habitat use of P. aurora, we studied a related and more abundant Cottogaster species, Percina copelandi from the Ouachita River, Arkansas. We used a laboratory stream system to examine mesohabitat selection (pools versus riffles) and microhabitat selection (substratum particle size) of P. copelandi over three temperature regimes (summer, spring, and winter). Percina copelandi selected pool habitats over riffles and selected pools with coarse substrata (e.g., cobble) over fine substrata (e.g., gravel). In riffles, P. copelandi selected large substrata during winter and spring but did not show particle size selection during summer. These data, and various published and unpublished field data for P. aurora, suggest that habitat use of P. aurora is also centered around deep runs and pools, with large substrata likely being more important at low water temperatures. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Biol Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Schofield, PJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9664491 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 675GP UT WOS:000182685800009 ER PT J AU Geis, A Wibbels, T Phillips, B Hillis-Starr, Z Meylan, A Meylan, P Diez, C Van Dam, R AF Geis, A Wibbels, T Phillips, B Hillis-Starr, Z Meylan, A Meylan, P Diez, C Van Dam, R TI Predicted sex ratio of juvenile hawksbill seaturtles inhabiting Buck Island Reef National Monument, US Virgin Islands SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL-CHANGES; TURTLES; TEMPERATURE; MIGRATION; MARKERS; BRAZIL AB Hawksbill Seaturtles have temperature-dependent sex determination. As such, the resulting sex ratios are of conservational and ecological significance. Buck Island Reef is an interesting location for sex ratio studies since it represents a natural and unexploited foraging ground for hawksbills in the Caribbean. To examine sex ratios, blood samples were obtained from juvenile Hawksbill Seaturtles captured on Buck Island Reef over a four-year period. We used a radioimmunoassay to determine testosterone levels in those samples and compared those values to testosterone levels of juvenile hawksbills from the Caribbean whose sex has been verified by laparoscopy. The results of this study reveal a significantly female-biased sex ratio (approximately 80% female) occurs in this juvenile aggregation inhabiting Buck Island Reef. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, St Croix, VI 00820 USA. Buck Isl Reef Natl Monunment, Natl Pk Serv, St Croix, VI 00820 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Eckerd Coll, Coll Nat Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. Dept Recursos Nat Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. Chelonia Inc, San Juan, PR 00902 USA. RP Wibbels, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 14 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0400:PSROJH]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UX UT WOS:000185905800024 ER PT J AU Coplen, TB AF Coplen, TB TI Atomic weights of the elements 1999 (vol 30, pg 701, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Coplen, TB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 431 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 919 EP 919 DI 10.1063/1.1576759 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 685XU UT WOS:000183290300006 ER PT J AU Canavelli, SB Bechard, MJ Woodbridge, B Kochert, MN Maceda, JJ Zaccagnini, ME AF Canavelli, SB Bechard, MJ Woodbridge, B Kochert, MN Maceda, JJ Zaccagnini, ME TI Habitat use by Swainson's hawks on their austral wintering grounds in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; agroecosystems; Argentina; habitat use; wintering grounds ID AVAILABILITY DATA; SELECTION; MORTALITY AB We examined the use of agricultural habitats by Swainson's Hawks' (Buteo swainsoni) in La Pampa and Santa Fe provinces, Argentina. We found an association of foraging Swainsons' Hawks with permanent pastures such as fallow, natural, and alfalfa fields. The hawks also used plowed fields for sunning, resting, and preening. Fields planted with annual crops and pastures were used very little, except when they were cut for hay, plowed, and harvested, or when low crop height and cover allowed the hawks to land in fields. The availability of abundant, yet widely-spaced and transient food-sources, such as insect outbreaks, appeared to be the principal factor influencing habitat use by the hawks. Their reliance on agricultural habitats makes Swainson's Hawks highly vulnerable to pesticide contamination and has contributed to the occurrence of significant mortality events on their wintering grounds. C1 EEA Parana, INTA, RA-3100 Parana, Entre Rios, Argentina. Boise State Univ, Dept Biol, Boise, ID 83725 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Klamath Natl Forest, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. USGS, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. Univ La Pampa, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Nat, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. RP Canavelli, SB (reprint author), EEA Parana, INTA, Ruta 11 Km 12, RA-3100 Parana, Entre Rios, Argentina. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 702PQ UT WOS:000184232600004 ER PT J AU Brubaker, DL Brubaker, KL Thompson, BC AF Brubaker, DL Brubaker, KL Thompson, BC TI Raptor and Chihuahuan Raven nesting on decommissioned telephone-line poles in the northern Chihuahuan Desert SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Swainson's Hawk; Buteo swainsoni; Chihuahuan Raven; Corvus cryptoleucus; Chihuahuan Desert; GIS; nest habitat; nest structure; poles ID HAWKS AB White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) in south-central New Mexico includes ca. 800 000 ha of northern Chihuahuan Desert, where little is known regarding raptor and Chihuahuan Raven (Corvus cryptoleucus) nesting. We studied 338 decommissioned telephone-line poles with 22 different cross-arm configurations and six electrical poles in, 10 vegetation cover types from 29 March-14 September 1997. We encountered 64 Chihuahuan Raven nests on decommissioned telephone-line poles. We found 27 Swainson's Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) nests, most often on a configuration with two vertical poles supporting four paired sets of cross-arms. Using a geographic information system analysis, we found Chihuahuan Raven nests similarly distributed in all vegetation cover types, while honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) desertscrub covered a mean of 64.2% of the area within 3 km of each Swainson's Hawk nest. Decommissioned telephone-line poles benefit raptors and Chihuahuan Ravens as nesting platforms, and should be managed and retained where possible in the southwest. We suggest that pole salvage operations in the northern Chihuahuan Desert should retain poles with at least two sets of paired cross-arms, which are suitable raptor and raven nesting sites. For management of Swainson's Hawks, configurations with two vertical poles supporting four paired sets of cross-arms seemed most suitable in the area we investigated. C1 New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Brubaker, DL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, San Diego Natl Wildlife Reguge, 13910 Lyons Valley Rd,Suite R, Jamul, CA 91935 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 702PQ UT WOS:000184232600005 ER PT J AU Cope, WG Newton, TJ Gatenby, CM AF Cope, WG Newton, TJ Gatenby, CM TI Review of techniques to prevent introduction of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) during native mussel (Unionoidea) conservation activities SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE relocation; Unionidae; Dreissena polymorpha; conservation; refugia ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; LAKE ST-CLAIR; UNIONID MUSSELS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES; RELATIVE UTILIZATION; ANODONTA-PISCINALIS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; DIETARY-PROTEIN AB Because of the declines in diversity and abundance of native freshwater mussels (superfamily Unionoidea), and the potential decimation of populations of native mussels resulting from the rapid spread of the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, management options to eliminate or reduce the threat of the zebra mussel are needed. Relocating native mussels to refugia (artificial and natural) has been proposed to mitigate the threat of zebra mussels to native species. Relocation of native mussels to refugia such as fish hatchery facilities or natural habitats within their historic range. which are unlikely to be infested by zebra mussels, necessitates that protocols be developed to prevent the inadvertent introduction of zebra mussels. Several recent studies have developed Such protocols, and have assessed their effectiveness on the health and survival of native mussels during subsequent relocation to various refugia. The purpose of this project is to synthesize and evaluate the current protocols and to develop a set of procedures that resource managers and researchers should consider before conducting conservation activities in zebra mussel infested waters. We found that the existing protocols have many common points of concern, such as facility modification and suitability, zebra mussel risk assessment and management procedures, and health and disease management procedures. These conservation protocols may have broad applicability to other situations and locations. A summary and evaluation of the information in these main areas, along with recommended guidelines, are presented in this article. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia, Patrick Ctr Environm Res, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Cope, WG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Newton, Teresa/0000-0001-9351-5852 NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI SOUTHAMPTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, NATURAL SCIENCE DIVISION, SOUTHAMPTON COLLEGE, SOUTHAMPTON, NY 11968 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 705AC UT WOS:000184373200021 ER PT J AU Juracek, KE Fitzpatrick, FA AF Juracek, KE Fitzpatrick, FA TI Limitations and implications of stream classification SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; stream classification; Rosgen; channel form; geomorphic processes; stream restoration; stream rehabilitation; water resources planning ID NATURAL RIVERS; FLOODS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; RECOVERY; SYSTEM AB Stream classifications that are based on channel form, such as the Rosgen Level II classification, are useful tools for the physical description and grouping of streams and for providing a means of communication for stream studies involving scientists and (or) managers with different backgrounds. The Level II classification also is used as a tool to assess stream stability, infer geomorphic processes, predict future geomorphic response, and guide stream restoration or rehabilitation activities. The use of the Level II classification for these additional purposes is evaluated in this paper. Several examples are described to illustrate the limitations and management implications of the Level II classification. Limitations include: (1) time dependence, (2) uncertain applicability across physical environments, (3) difficulty in identification of a true equilibrium condition, (4) potential for incorrect determination of bankfull elevation, and (5) uncertain process significance of classification criteria. Implications of using stream classifications based on channel form, such as Rosgen's, include: (1) acceptance of the limitations, (2) acceptance of the risk of classifying streams incorrectly, and (3) classification results may be used inappropriately. It is concluded that use of the Level II classification for purposes beyond description and communication is not appropriate. Research needs are identified that, if addressed, may help improve the usefulness of the Level II classification. C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. RP Juracek, KE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4821 Quail Crest Pl, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. NR 63 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 659 EP 670 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03683.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 696FQ UT WOS:000183876800012 ER PT J AU Schwertner, MA Liu, KKM Barrows, FT Hardy, RW Dong, FM AF Schwertner, MA Liu, KKM Barrows, FT Hardy, RW Dong, FM TI Performance of post-juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets manufactured by different processing techniques SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACID-INSOLUBLE ASH; CHROMIC OXIDE; CRUDE FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; MARKERS AB Four different methods of pelleting-extruded (EXT), steam pelleted (STM), using a Universal Pellet Cooker (UPC), and expanded (EXP)-were performed on subsamples of a single batch of mash to determine the effects on feed pellet characteristics, in vivo feed digestibility, and performance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fed the diets for 16 wk. Results indicated that the STM feed was the most (851 g/L) and UPC feed the least (672 g/L) dense, and that UPC feed had the highest % float (8.3%) and, of the pellets that sank, the fastest sink rate (15.1 cm/sec). While some differences occurred among pelleted diets in loss of dry matter (% dry loss) after incubation in a water bath for up to 10 min, the overall % dry loss was only approximately 1-2%. The method of pelleting did not affect fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, or specific growth rate. Measurement of the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter of the test diets using Cr2O3 as the marker ranged from 71-89%. While it appeared that the method of pelleting can affect feed characteristics and the amount of feed offered to the fish, fish performance was not affected. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Idaho, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bozeman Fish Technol Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Dong, FM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 260 Bevier Hall,MC-182,905 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 162 EP 174 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00053.x PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 692NH UT WOS:000183666800006 ER PT J AU Cheng, E Yeung, C AF Cheng, E Yeung, C TI Reply to 'Discussion of "Generalized extreme gust wind speeds distributions" [J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 90 (2002) 1657-1669] SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Cheng, E (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 91 IS 7 BP 969 EP 970 DI 10.1016/S0167-6105(03)00017-5 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 688GH UT WOS:000183425500008 ER PT J AU LaPerriere, JD AF LaPerriere, JD TI Limnology of Harding Lake, Alaska: A deep, subarctic lake SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nearctic lake; nitrogen; phosphorus; phytoplankton; water clarity; thermal stratification ID PHOSPHORUS; BIOMASS; NITRATE; WATER AB Harding Lake (mean depth =16 m) located in Interior Alaska (64degrees25'N, 146degrees50'W), studied in the early 1970s in response to concerns about the impact of lakeshore development on water quality was sampled again in summer 1993 thereby providing comparative data over a 20-year period. The lake is usually dimictic butsome years stratification begins under the ice and the lake misses a re-oxgenating overturn. One-third of the annual heat budget of about 19,600 cal . cm(2) is taken up by melting the ice cover. The lake is the common calcium-bicarbonate type but is dilute due to its relatively small watershed and dominance of siliceous material in the local lithography. Based on Secchi transparency, plant nutrients and algal chlorophyll the lake is oligotrophic, with no evidence the lake has been enriched during the study period. Annual primary productivity was estimated at 48 C . m(2) (.) yr(-1) and exhibited a seasonal pulse that began in early May and reached peak values just before ice-off at the end of May. Two chironomid species were identified that were indicative of oligotrophic conditions in this Nearctic take. Data on vascular plant biomass and zooplankton are presented. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP LaPerriere, JD (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, 209 Irving I Bldg,POB 757020, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 713ZJ UT WOS:000184887600002 ER PT J AU Julian, SE King, TL AF Julian, SE King, TL TI Novel tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers for the wood frog, Rana sylvatica SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE microsatellite DNA; population structure; Rana sylvatica; wood frog ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DISPERSAL AB Fifteen tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were identified and characterized for wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) collected from three vernal pools in the southeastern US. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (nine to 34 alleles per locus), heterozygosity (30.6-92.3%) and allelic heterogeneity (69% of comparisons were statistically significant). Considerable differentiation among populations was observed as genetic distances (chord) ranged between 0.40 and 0.55 and all F-ST values (0.02-0.05) were statistically significant. Genotypic assignment tests correctly classified 103 of 113 individuals to their respective collection. These markers should prove useful for investigating fine-scale population structure and metapopulation dynamics. C1 USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Biol Resources Div, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Johnson Controls Worlds Serv, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Aquat Ecol Lab, Biol Resources Div, 11700 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 2 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00417.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 688RX UT WOS:000183450700028 ER PT J AU Ashooh, J Liu, J Mueller, E Sherer, S Woggon, N Dumouchelle, DH Eberle, M AF Ashooh, J Liu, J Mueller, E Sherer, S Woggon, N Dumouchelle, DH Eberle, M TI Difficulties in determining factors that influence effective groundwater recharge in Ohio SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB As part of a COSI Academy research project, data from a recent statewide analysis of effective groundwater recharge were reexamined by students to further discern relations between recharge and selected environmental characteristics of individual drainage basins: 1) location of the main stem of a river relative to coarse and fine surficial sediments and 2) influence of land use. Lack of sufficiently detailed data was the principal difficulty in most phases of the examination. Other than a potential relation between recharge and the percentages of agricultural and forested land, no relations were found in visual comparisons of mapped and tabulated data. C1 Ctr Sci & Ind, COSI Acad, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. US Geol Survey, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Ashooh, J (reprint author), Ctr Sci & Ind, COSI Acad, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 103 IS 3 BP 67 EP 68 PG 2 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 697AG UT WOS:000183919600005 ER PT J AU Guo, QF AF Guo, QF TI Plant abundance: the measurement and relationship with seed size SO OIKOS LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; BODY-SIZE; BIOMASS; ASSEMBLAGES; STABILITY; DIVERSITY; WEIGHT C1 US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RI Guo, Qinfeng/A-8034-2009 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JUN PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 639 EP 642 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12428.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 680PH UT WOS:000182986200022 ER PT J AU Edwards, LE Powars, DS AF Edwards, LE Powars, DS TI Impact damage to dinocysts from the late eocene Chesapeake Bay event SO PALAIOS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN TEKTITES; SEA AB The Chesapeake Bay impact structure, formed by a cornet or meteorite that struck the Virginia continental shelf about 35.5 million years ago, is the focus of an extensive coring project by the US. Geological Survey and its cooperators. Organic-walled dinocysts recovered from impact-generated deposits in a deep core inside the 85-90 km-wide crater include welded organic clumps and fused, partially melted and bubbled dinocysts unlike any previously observed. Other observed damage to dinocysts consists of breakage, pitting, and folding in various combinations. The entire marine Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene section that was once present at the site has been excavated and redeposited under extreme conditions that include shock, heat, collapse, tsunamis, and airfall. The preserved dinocysts reflect these conditions and, as products of a known impact, may serve as guides for recognizing impact-related deposits elsewhere Features that are not unique to impacts, such as breakage and folding, may offer new insights into crater-history studies in general, and to the history of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure in particular Impact-damaged dinocysts also are found sporadically in post-impact deposits and add to the story of continuing erosion and faulting of crater material. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Edwards, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 0883-1351 J9 PALAIOS JI Palaios PD JUN PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1669/0883-1351(2003)018<0275:IDTDFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 695UR UT WOS:000183849200008 ER PT J AU De Laeter, JR Bohlke, JK De Bievre, P Hidaka, H Peiser, HS Rosman, KJR Taylor, PDP AF De Laeter, JR Bohlke, JK De Bievre, P Hidaka, H Peiser, HS Rosman, KJR Taylor, PDP TI Atomic weights of the elements: Review 2000 - (IUPAC technical report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ABSOLUTE ISOTOPIC ABUNDANCE; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; SILICON REFERENCE MATERIALS; HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENT; CUMULATIVE FISSION YIELDS; POSITIVE-RAY ANALYSIS; OKLO NATURAL REACTOR; REFERENCE SAMPLE; AVOGADRO CONSTANT AB A consistent set of internationally accepted atomic weights has long been an essential aim of the scientific community because of the relevance of these values to science and technology, as well as to trade and commerce subject to ethical, legal, and international standards. The standard atomic weights of the elements are regularly evaluated, recommended, and published in updated tables by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances (CAWIA) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These values are invariably associated with carefully evaluated uncertainties. Atomic weights were originally determined by mass ratio measurements coupled with an understanding of chemical stoichiometry, but are now based almost exclusively on knowledge of the isotopic composition (derived from isotope-abundance ratio measurements) and the atomic masses of the isotopes of the elements. Atomic weights and atomic masses are now scaled to a numerical value of exactly 12 for the mass of the carbon isotope of mass number 12. Technological advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear-reaction energies have enabled atomic masses to be determined with a relative uncertainty of better than 1 x 10(-7). Isotope abundances for an increasing number of elements can be measured to better than 1 x 10(-3). The excellent precision of such measurements led to the discovery that many elements, in different specimens, display significant variations in their is otope-abundance ratios, caused by a variety of natural and industrial physicochemical processes. While such variations increasingly place a constraint on the uncertainties with which some standard atomic weights can be stated, they provide numerous opportunities for investigating a range of important phenomena in physical, chemical, cosmological, biological, and industrial processes. This review reflects the current and increasing interest of science in the measured differences between source-specific and even sample-specific atomic weights. These relative comparisons can often be made with a smaller uncertainty than is achieved in the best calibrated "absolute" (= SI-traceable) atomic-weight determinations. Accurate determinations of the atomic weights of certain elements also influence the values of fundamental constants such as the Avogadro, Faraday, and universal gas constants. This review is in two parts: the first summarizes the development of the science of atomic-weight determinations during the 20(th) century; the second summarizes the changes and variations that have been recognized in the values and uncertainties of atomic weights, on an element-by-element basis, in the latter part of the 20th century. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Syst Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 431, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RI Hidaka, Hiroshi/A-8490-2012 NR 463 TC 445 Z9 447 U1 10 U2 80 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 75 IS 6 BP 683 EP 800 DI 10.1351/pac200375060683 PG 118 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 693JP UT WOS:000183714400001 ER PT J AU Miller, J Rogers, C Waara, R AF Miller, J Rogers, C Waara, R TI Monitoring the coral disease, plague type II, on coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean (AMLC) CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL LA PARGUERA, PUERTO RICO SP Assoc Marine Lab Caribbean, Univ Puerto Rico, Sea Grant, NOAA, Coastal Ocean Program, Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Univ Puerto Rico, EPSCort Program, Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, Chancellors Off, EPSCoR, Res Puerto Rico DE coral disease; plague type II; coral reef monitoring; St. John US Virgin Islands ID OUTBREAK; GROWTH AB In July 1997, conspicuous white patches of necrotic tissue and bare skeleton began to appear on scleractinian corals in several bays around St. John, US Virgin Islands. Analysis of diseased coral tissue from five different species confirmed the presence of a Sphingomonas-like bacterium, the pathogen for plague type II. To date, 14 species of hard corals have been affected by plague type It around St. John. This disease was monitored at Haulover and Tektite Reefs at depths of 7-12 meters. The study site at Tektite Reef has >50% cover by scleractinian corals with 90% of hard corals being composed of Montastraea annularis. Monthly surveys at Tektite Reef from December 1997 to May 2001 documented new incidence of disease (bare white patches of skeleton) every month with associated loss of living coral and 90.5% of all disease patches occurred on M. annularis. The frequency of disease within transects ranged from 3 to 58%, and the area of disease patches ranged from 0.25 to 9000 cm(2). The average percent cover by the disease within 1 m(2) ranged from 0.01% (+/-0.04 SD) to 1.74% (+/-9.08 SD). Photo-monitoring of 28 diseased corals of 9 species begun in September 1997 at Haulover Reef revealed no recovery of diseased portions with all necrotic tissue being overgrown rapidly by turf algae, usually within less than one month. Most coral colonies suffered partial mortality. Very limited recruitment (e.g., of Agaricia spp., Favia spp. and sponges) has been noted on the diseased areas. This coral disease has the potential to cause more loss of live coral on St. John reefs than any other stress to date because it targets the dominant reef building species, M annularis. C1 Natl Pk Serv, St John, VI 00830 USA. US Geol Survey, St John, VI 00830 USA. RP Miller, J (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Virgin Isl Natl Pk,1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St John, VI 00830 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 51 SU 4 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 719HT UT WOS:000185198100006 PM 15264553 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Nelson, SM AF Andersen, DC Nelson, SM TI Effects of river flow regime on cottonwood leaf litter dynamics in semi-arid northwestern Colorado SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID EXOTIC RIPARIAN VEGETATION; MIDDLE RIO-GRANDE; FLOODPLAIN FOREST; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; GREEN RIVER; NEW-MEXICO; DECOMPOSITION; EXCHANGE; STREAM; USA AB We compared production and breakdown of Fremont cottonwood (Populus deltoides wislizenii) leaf litter at matched floodplain sites on the regulated Green River and unregulated Yampa River in semi-arid northwestern Colorado. Litter production under trees was similar at sites in 1999 (250 g/m(2), oven-dry) but lower in 2000 (215 and 130 g/m(2)), a drought year that also featured an outbreak of defoliating beetles at the Yampa River site. Our production values were similar to the few others reported for riparian forests within semi-arid or and areas. Leaf litter in portions of the floodplain not inundated during the spring flood lost organic matter at the same rate as leaves placed in upland sites in 1998 and 2000: 35 to 50% of organic matter during an approximately 160-day spring and summer period. Inundated litter lost 55 to 90% of its organic matter during the same period. Organic matter loss from inundated leaves increased with duration of inundation and with deposition of fine sediment. Pooled across locations, leafpack data suggested that nitrogen concentration (mg N/kg organic matter) increased until about 65% of the initial organic matter was lost. This increase likely reflected the buildup of microbial decomposer populations. The role of insects and other macro invertebrates in litter breakdown apparently was minor at both sites. Large spatial and temporal variation in litter dynamics in aridland floodplain settings is ensured by microtopographic variation in the alluvial surface coupled with year-to-year variation associated with most natural flood regimes. Factors reducing flood flow frequency or magnitude will reduce overall breakdown rates on the floodplain towards those found in drier upland environments. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, USBR, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, USBR, D-8220,POB 25007, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 188 EP 201 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0188:EORFRO>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697HT UT WOS:000183937100002 ER PT J AU York, DL Schemnitz, SD AF York, DL Schemnitz, SD TI Home range, habitat use, and diet of Gould's turkeys, Peloncillo Mountains, New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Our study documents home range, habitat use, and diet of Gould's turkey (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) in the Peloncillo Mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. Fieldwork began in 1989 and consisted of 2 field seasons from May to August, with periodic winter and spring forays. The study was conducted during a drought period with only 58% of average rainfall. Combined annual home range (mean = 4,385 ha, SE = 1,845) of radio-equipped Gould's hens was similar to home ranges of other wild turkey subspecies that inhabit and regions of the western United,juniper woodland with an abundance States. Preferred Gould's turkey habitat consisted of pinyon-juniper woodland with an abundance of pinyon ricegrass(Piplochaelium fimbriatum). In addition, 3 riparian habitat types were used disproportionately to their availability. A food habits analysis showed that the diet of turkey in our study consisted primarily of juniper (Juniperus deppeana) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens) fruit, though mustard forbs (Cruciferae spp.) and pinyon ricegrass also were utilized. Periodic drought combined with livestock grazing in the Peloncillo Mountains most likely is a major factor determining forage availability and subsequent habitat use by this turkey population. A combination of natural and anthropogenic factors might result in fluctuations in the Gould's turkey population. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP York, DL (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 4000 Airport Pkwy, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1894/0038-4909(2003)048<0231:HRHUAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697HT UT WOS:000183937100007 ER PT J AU Murphy, RK Michaud, IMG Prescott, DRC Ivan, JS Anderson, BJ French-Pombier, ML AF Murphy, RK Michaud, IMG Prescott, DRC Ivan, JS Anderson, BJ French-Pombier, ML TI Predation on adult piping plovers at predator exclosure cages SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE alkali lakes; Charadrius melodus; endangered species; Great Plains; mortality; Piping Plover; predation; predator exclosure ID NESTS AB To boost productivity in the Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) breeding in the northern Great Plains, predator exclosure "cages" constructed of wire mesh fence were placed over 1,355 plover nests on alkali lake beaches in Alberta, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and Montana during 1993-2002. Nesting plovers were killed, apparently by raptors, near cages at 68 (5%) of the nests. In contrast, no losses of adult plovers were detected at 420 nests that were not covered by cages. The predation was greatest (up to 48% of applications) when small (1-1.7 m) diameter cages with wire mesh tops were used at sites with low (mean, 4%) or moderate (15%) tree cover within two km. In areas with low tree cover, predation decreased to 0.7% of applications/year when large (3-4 m) diameter cages with soft netting tops replaced other designs. No predation was recorded in 393 applications of small cages at plover nests along the relatively treeless North Dakota-Montana border. Predator exclosure cages should be used cautiously for protecting eggs of endangered shorebirds. In some situations, enhanced productivity from use of the cages is outweighed by risks to adult birds. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. Alberta Conservat Assoc, Edmonton, AB T6H 4P2, Canada. No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Murphy, RK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,8315 Hwy 8, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. EM bob_murphy@fws.gov NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 18 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0150:POAPPA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 688AE UT WOS:000183409300003 ER PT J AU Murphy, RK Greenwood, RJ Ivan, JS Smith, KA AF Murphy, RK Greenwood, RJ Ivan, JS Smith, KA TI Predator exclusion methods for managing endangered shorebirds: Are two barriers better than one? SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Alkali lakes; Charadrius melodus; electric fence; endangered species; Great Plains; Piping Plover; predation management; predator exclosure; reproductive success ID PIPING PLOVER NESTS; EXCLOSURES AB Reproductive success of shorebirds can be improved by placement of predator exclosure fences along beaches or wire-mesh exclosure "cages" over nests. We predicted that these two types of exclosures used simultaneously might further improve reproductive success over that when cages alone are used. Field experiments were carried out on Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on prairie alkali lakes in North Dakota and Montana. During 1996 and 1997, we compared success of nesting plover pairs provided with: (1) no protection, (2) cages that protected eggs in individual nests from both mammalian and avian predators, and (3) a combination of cages plus a temporary electric fence that excluded mammalian predators from the entire nesting beach where chicks were being reared. In 20 replicated trials, fledgling production rates were: no protection, 0.72 chicks/pair (95% CI: 0.29-1.15, N = 43 pairs); cage only, 1.73 (1.30-2.16, N = 46); fence plus cage, 2.06 (1.63-2.49, N = 50). Production by protected pairs was significantly greater than for unprotected pairs. However, no significant difference in production was detected between the two protection types. Temporary electric fences were relatively expensive to apply and added little to the effectiveness of cages, but may be appropriate in situations where cages cannot be used or where mammalian predation on chicks is a greater threat. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. Nature Conservancy, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. Lostwood Natl Wildlife Refuge, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. RP Murphy, RK (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Des Lacs Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex,8315 Hwy 8, Kenmare, ND 58746 USA. EM bob_murphy@fvvs.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0156:PEMFME]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 688AE UT WOS:000183409300004 ER PT J AU Niemuth, ND Solberg, JW AF Niemuth, ND Solberg, JW TI Response of waterbirds to number of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE American Bittern; American Coot; Black Tern; Breeding Bird Survey; North Dakota; Pied-billed Grebe; population dynamics; Prairie Pothole Region; Sora; temporal variation; wetland ID PINTAIL BREEDING POPULATIONS; DROUGHT AB We examined the relationship between number of wetlands and occurrence of five waterbird and one waterfowl species in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA, from 1980-2000. Data from 13 Breeding Bird Survey routes provided an index to regional density and distribution of Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), Black Tern (Chlidonias niger), American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), Sora (Porzana carolina), and American Coot (Fulica. americana), while 69 segments from annual Waterfowl Breeding Ground Population and Habitat Surveys provided an index to regional wetland availability. Numbers of wetlands and birds varied among years, and density and distribution of all six species showed a strong positive correlation with number of wetlands. Correlations were weaker when the number of wetlands was lagged one year, suggesting that waterbird distributions shift in response to water availability rather than respond locally. Spatial and temporal variation of waterbird habitat and numbers should be considered in monitoring and management of waterbirds in the Prairie Pothole Region. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Niemuth, ND (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Habitat & Populat Evaluat Team, 3425 Miriam Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM Neal_Niemuth@fws.gov NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 17 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 EI 1938-5390 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0233:ROWTNO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 688AE UT WOS:000183409300016 ER PT J AU Sherfy, MH Kirkpatrick, RL AF Sherfy, MH Kirkpatrick, RL TI Invertebrate response to snow goose herbivory on moist-soil vegetation SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE chironomid; eat-out; exclosure; herbivory; impoundment; predation; shorebird; waterfowl ID MARSH WATER MANAGEMENT; DELAWARE BAY; MIGRANT SHOREBIRDS; MIGRATORY SHOREBIRDS; HABITAT SELECTION; NORTHERN PINTAILS; PREY POPULATIONS; SHALLOW WETLANDS; LIFE-HISTORY; SALT-MARSH AB Foraging activity by snow geese (Chen caerulescens) often creates large areas devoid of vegetation ("eat-outs") in moist-soil impoundments and coastal wetlands. Open-water habitats that result from eat-outs may be valuable foraging areas for other wetland-dependent birds (i.e., waterfowl and shorebirds). However, few studies. have examined the effects of goose-induced habitat changes on invertebrates, an important food source for both waterfowl and shorebirds. We quantified changes in abundance and composition of benthic invertebrates in response to snow goose herbivory in moist-soil impoundments at Prime Hook-National Wildlife Refuge, Delaware, USA. We found invertebrate taxon richness and diversity and abundance of Chironomidae, Coleoptera, and Total Invertebrates to be higher in goose-excluded sites than in adjacent eat-outs. These effects were most pronounced during January, February, and early April. We Also measured invertebrate abundance in shorebird exclosures in eat-outs but found few detectable effects of shorebird predation on invertebrates. Our study demonstrated that abundant snow geese may negatively influence availability of invertebrates for other nonbreeding waterbirds, suggesting that management actions to reduce-local goose populations or deter feeding in impoundments may be warranted. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, US Geol Survey, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM msherfy@usgs.gov NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1672/3-20 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698UB UT WOS:000184016200003 ER PT J AU Egerova, J Proffitt, CE Travis, SE AF Egerova, J Proffitt, CE Travis, SE TI Facilitation of survival and growth of Baccharis halimifolia L. by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. in a created Louisiana salt marsh SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Baccharis halimifolia; facilitation; growth rate; seedling recruitment; Spartina altemiflora; wetland restoration ID PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ESTABLISHMENT; MODEL AB Coastal wetland loss is a major environmental issue in the Mississippi Delta region of the southern United States, where grasses such as Spartina alterniflora may play a critical role both as early colonizers on created sites and as facilitators of other marsh grasses and shrubs, particularly at high intertidal elevations. We explored the potential role of S. alterniflora as a facilitator of the colonization and growth of the shrub Baccharis halimifolia at two created wetlands in southwestern Louisiana through a combination of plant surveys and experimentation. Surveys for the presence of B. halimifolia inside and outside the bare centers of S. alterniflora clones that had begun to senesce inwardly were conducted at a 4-yr-old site originally created in 1993. The percent of clones containing B. halimifolia and the number of individual B. halimifolia plants per clone increased with increasing S. alterniflora clone size and decreased with increasing distance from an adjacent containment berm. Two experiments conducted at a second 4-yr-old site that was originally created in 1996 were designed to assess seed capture and growth of seedlings of B. halimifolia inside S. alterniflora clones. These experiments revealed that while significantly fewer seeds settle inside clones, those seedlings that grow in such areas gain a clear advantage in terms of both survival and rate of growth, which helps to explain the results of the initial survey and testifies to the role of S. alterniflora as a nurse plant in newly-created high intertidal marshes. C1 McNeese State Univ, Louisana Environm Res Ctr, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Travis, SE (reprint author), McNeese State Univ, Louisana Environm Res Ctr, POB 90220, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 35 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1672/4-20 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698UB UT WOS:000184016200004 ER PT J AU Edwards, KR Proffitt, CE AF Edwards, KR Proffitt, CE TI Comparison of wetland structural characteristics between created and natural salt marshes in southwest Louisiana, USA SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE spartina alterniflora; vegetation survey; organic matter; bulk density; particle size distribution; dredge material; structural equivalency ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RESTORATION; TRAJECTORIES; MITIGATION; ORDINATION; PROGRESS; ECOLOGY AB The use of dredge material is a well-known technique for creating or restoring salt marshes that is expected to become more common along the Gulf of Mexico coast in the future. However, the effectiveness of this restoration method is still questioned. Wetland structural characteristics were compared between four created and three natural salt marshes in southwest Louisiana, USA. The created marshes, formed by the pumping of dredge material into formerly open water areas, represent a chronosequence, ranging in age from 3 to 19 years. Vegetation and soil structural factors were compared to determine whether the created marshes become more similar over time to the natural salt marshes. Vegetation surveys were conducted in 1997, 2000, and 2002 using the line-intercept technique.,Site elevations were measured in 2000. Organic matter (OM) was measured in 1996 and 2002, while bulk density and soil particle-size distribution were determined in 2002 only. The natural marshes were dominated by Spartina alterniflora, as were the oldest created marshes; these marshes had the lowest mean site elevations (< 30 cm NGVD). The six-year-old created marsh (formed in 1996) was higher in elevation (> 35 cm NGVD) and became dominated by high marsh (S. patens, Distichlis spicata) and shrub (Baccharis halimifolia, Iva frutescens) species. The higher elevation marsh seems to be following a different plant successional trajectory than the other marshes, indicating a relationship between marsh elevation and species composition. The soils in both the created and natural marshes contain high levels of clays (30-65 %), with sand comprising < 1 % of the soil distribution. OM was significantly greater and bulk density significantly lower in two of the natural marshes when compared to the created marshes. The oldest created marsh had significantly greater OM than the younger created marshes, but it may still take several decades before equivalency is reached with the natural marshes. Vegetation structural characteristics in the created marshes take only a few years to become similar to those in the natural marshes, just so long as the marshes are formed at a proper elevation. This agrees with other studies from North Carolina and Texas. However, it will take several decades for the soil characteristics to reach equivalency with the natural marshes, if they ever will. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. McNeese State Univ, Louisiana Environm Res Ctr, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. RP Edwards, KR (reprint author), Univ S Bohemia, Fac Biol Sci, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM kredwards59@yahoo.com NR 45 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 6 U2 60 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 344 EP 356 DI 10.1672/10-20 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698UB UT WOS:000184016200010 ER PT J AU Andersen, DC Sartoris, JJ Thullen, JS Reusch, PG AF Andersen, DC Sartoris, JJ Thullen, JS Reusch, PG TI The effects of bird use on nutrient removal in a constructed wastewater-treatment wetland SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE blackbirds; California; constructed wetland; nitrogen; nutrient removal; phosphorus; Schoenoplectus acutus; S. californicus; wastewater treatment; waterfowl ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MARSH AB A 9.9-ha constructed wetland designed to reduce nitrogen in municipal wastewater following conventional secondary treatment began operating in southern California's San Jacinto Valley in September 1994. The wetland incorporated zones of bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus and S. californicus) for effluent treatment, plus areas of 1.8-m deep open water and other features to benefit wintering waterfowl. A one-year long program to monitor bird use and evaluate their contribution to loadings of nitrogen and phosphorus was initiated seven months later and a second, four-month long period of monitoring was initiated after a 20-month hiatus. Daily bird use peaked at nearly 12,000 individuals during the second period. Estimates of maximum daily nitrogen and phosphorus input by birds were 139 g N ha(-1) day(-1) and 56 g P ha(-1) day(-1). Following a reconfiguration of the wetland that increased the area of open water, a third year-long period of monitoring was initiated in September 2000. Estimated maximum daily loading attributable to birds during this period reached 312 g N ha(-1) day(-1) and 124 g P ha(-1) day(-1). These levels represent only 2.6% and 7.0%, respectively, of the mean daily loads of N and P in inflow water from the wastewater-treatment plant. Wintering waterfowl contributed the most to nutrient loading, but the numerically dominant species was the colonial Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). The wetland's nutrient-removal efficiency was negatively correlated to bird loading. However, the greatest bird loading occurred during November to March, when winter conditions would reduce microbial nutrient-removal processes and plant uptake in the wetland. Multiple regression analysis indicated that variation in nutrient removal efficiency over a one-year period was best explained by wetland water temperature (R-2 = 0.21) and that little additional insight was gained by adding bird loading and inflow nutrient load data (R-2 = 0.22). This case study supports the concept that a constructed wetland can be designed both to reduce nutrients in municipal wastewater and to provide habitat for wetland birds. C1 US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Andersen, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, D-8220,POB 25007, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RI Andersen, Douglas/A-4563-2013 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 22 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2003 VL 23 IS 2 BP 423 EP 435 DI 10.1672/17-20 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 698UB UT WOS:000184016200017 ER PT J AU Drewien, RC Terrazas, AL Taylor, JP Barraza, JMO Shea, RE AF Drewien, RC Terrazas, AL Taylor, JP Barraza, JMO Shea, RE TI Status of lesser snow geese and Ross's geese wintering in the Interior Highlands of Mexico SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Chen c. caerulescens; Chen rossii; Chihuahua; distribution; Durango; interior Gighlands; lesser snow geese; Mexico; Ross's geese; status; winter populations ID NORTH-AMERICA; ALASKA; GOOSE AB During winters 1998 and 1999 we surveyed, by air or ground, 145 wetland areas in 8 states of the Mexican Interior Highlands for lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii, hereafter both species are jointly referred to as light geese). Only limited data were available on abundance, distribution, habitat use, and species composition of light geese flocks wintering in the Mexican Interior Highlands. We surveyed wetlands from the northern border of Chihuahua southward >1,400 km into the states of Jalisco and Michoacan. During ground surveys we visually sampled geese to assess species, color phase, and age composition (n=60,967). In 1998, drought in the northern Highlands left many natural wetlands dry or nearly dry; wetland water levels farther south were generally low. In 1999 water levels improved in the northern Highlands but drought prevailed in the southern Highlands. During 1998 and 1999 we recorded 229,288 and 310,204 light geese, respectively, at 58 wetlands in 5 states. Combining our counts with the midwinter inventories in the United States provided estimates of 465,653 and 447,729 light geese wintering in the western Central Flyway during 1998 and 1999, respectively, or 76-83% higher than the previous peak estimate in winter 1993. Most light geese (95%) were in the northern states of Chihuahua and Durango. Species ratios, weighted by flock size, showed 78.5% and 81.2% snow geese (1.3-1.5% blue phase) and 21.5% and 18.8% Ross's geese during winters 1998 and 1999, respectively. Population estimates by species included 180,100 and 252,000 snow geese and 49,200 and 58,200 Ross's geese for the 2 winters, respectively. Ross's geese were most abundant in Chihuahua, and their proportion in flocks declined southward. We observed higher proportions of Ross's geese and blue-phase snow geese than were reported in this region during the 1980s. Primary foraging sites for light geese were corn, oats, and sorghum fields. We observed little waterfowl hunting, and opportunities to increase harvest of light geese, if desired in the future, appear limited due to restrictive hunting regulations, especially for foreigners. Changing land uses and crop patterns could adversely affect the future quality and quantity of some winter habitats for light geese and other migratory birds in Mexico. Only combined counts in Mexico and the United States can reliably assess the population status of western Central Flyway light geese; 15 surveys during 1969-99 showed that an average of 60.6% of the population wintered in Mexico. C1 Univ Idaho, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, Rigby, ID 83442 USA. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Adm Correos 4 28, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bosque Apache Natl Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Drewien, RC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Hornocker Wildlife Inst, 3346 E 200th N, Rigby, ID 83442 USA. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 417 EP 432 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 701JY UT WOS:000184165500012 ER PT J AU Durham, RS Afton, AD AF Durham, RS Afton, AD TI Nest-site selection and success of mottled ducks on agricultural lands in southwest Louisiana SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agriculture; Anas fulvigula maculosa; habitat management; Louisiana; mottled ducks; nest-site selection; nest success; prairie; predators; rice ID HABITAT USE; VEGETATION; WATERFOWL; PREDATION; FLORIDA AB Listing of the mottled duck (Anas fulvigula maculosa) as a priority species in the Gulf Coast joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, coupled with recent declines of rice (Oryza sativa) acreage, led us to investigate the nesting ecology of this species on agricultural lands in southwest Louisiana. We examined nest-site selection at macro- and microhabitat levels, nest success, causes of nest failures, and habitat features influencing nest success. We found that female mottled ducks preferred to nest in permanent pastures with knolls (53% of nests) and idle fields (22% of nests). Vegetation height was greater at nests than at random points within the same macrohabitat patch. Successful nests were associated with greater numbers of plant species, located farther from water, and associated with higher vegetation density values than were unsuccessful nests. We determined that mammalian predators caused most nest failures (77% of 52 unsuccessful nests). Our results suggest that nest success of mottled ducks on agricultural lands in southwest Louisiana could be improved by 1) locating large permanent pastures and idle fields near rice fields and other available wetlands, 2) managing plant communities in these upland areas to favor dense stands of perennial bunch grasses, tall composites, dewberry (Rubus trivialis), and other native grasses and forbs, and 3) managing cattle-stocking rates and the duration and timing of grazing to promote tall, dense stands of these plant taxa during the nesting season (March-June). C1 Sweet Lake Land & Oil Co, Bell City, LA 70630 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Louisanna Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Durham, RS (reprint author), Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 2000 Quail Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 433 EP 442 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 701JY UT WOS:000184165500013 ER PT J AU Palmer, AG Nordmeyer, DL Roby, DD AF Palmer, AG Nordmeyer, DL Roby, DD TI Effects of jet aircraft overflights on parental care of peregrine falcons SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Falco peregrinus; low-altitude jet overflights; nest attendance; nestling provisioning rates; peregrine falcon; time-activity budgets ID SAMPLING METHODS; BEHAVIOR; BUDGETS AB Concerns voiced by resource managers caused us to examine the hypothesis that low-altitude jet aircraft overflights affect parental care by peregrine falcons. Specifically, we studied effects on nest attendance, time-activity budgets, and provisioning rates of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) breeding along the Tanana River, Alaska in 1995, 1996, and 1997. We detected subtle effects of jet overflights on peregrine falcon parental behavior, but found no evidence that overall attendance patterns differed depending on exposure to overflights. Nest attendance and time-activity budgets of peregrine falcons during periods of overflights differed from those of peregrines at reference nests (nests rarely overflown). Differences depended on stage of the nesting cycle and gender. During the incubation and brooding stages of the nesting cycle, males attended the nest ledge less when overflights occurred than did males from reference nests. Females attended the nest ledge more during overflown periods compared to females from reference nests. Additionally, while females were still brooding nestlings, they were less likely to be absent from the nest area during periods when overflights occurred than females from reference nests. Although we found differences in nest attendance and time-activity budgets between overflown and reference nests, we did not observe differences between periods with overflights and periods without overflights at the same nests. Nor did we detect a relationship between nest attendance and the number of overflights occurring within a given time period, the cumulative number of above-threshold noise events at each nest, or the average sound-exposure level of overflights. Furthermore, we found no evidence that nestling provisioning rates were affected by overflights. C1 US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Palmer, AG (reprint author), ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, POB 240268, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 499 EP 509 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 701JY UT WOS:000184165500022 ER PT J AU Rosas-Rosas, OC Valdez, R Bender, LC Daniel, D AF Rosas-Rosas, OC Valdez, R Bender, LC Daniel, D TI Food hahits of pumas in northwestern Sonora, Mexico SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bighorn sheep; food habits; Mexico; mule deer; Ovis canadensis; puma; Puma concolor; Sonora ID MOUNTAIN LION PREDATION; FELIS-CONCOLOR; BIGHORN SHEEP; HABITS; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA; ARIZONA; RANGES; TEXAS AB It is questionable whether food-habits studies of pumas conducted in the southwestern United States can be extrapolated to northwestern Mexico, because of differences in management, distribution, and abundance of wildlife. We determined food habits of pumas (Puma concolor) in the Sonoran Desert of northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Based on studies in the western United States, we hypothesized that desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were the major food source of pumas in Sonoran Desert habitats of Mexico. The study area supports populations of desert mule deer, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), lagomorphs (Lepus spp. and Sylvilagus audubonii), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), and the largest population (similar to300 individuals) of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in Sonora. Based on pugmark characteristics, we recorded 3 different adult resident pumas in approximately 90 km(2). We analyzed 60 puma fecal samples collected September 1996-November 1998. Primary prey items based on frequency of occurrence and estimated biomass consumed were desert bighorn sheep (40% and 45%, respectively), lagomorphs (33%, 19%), deer (17%, 17%), and collared peccary (15%, 11%). The high percentage of desert bighorn sheep in puma diets may be due to high abundance relative to mule deer, which declined in number during our study. No differences were found in puma diets between seasons (chi(2)(2)=2.4526, P=0.2934). Fluctuations in mule deer populations in northwestern Sonora may influence prey selection by pumas. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Ctr Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rosas-Rosas, OC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 528 EP 535 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 701JY UT WOS:000184165500026 ER PT J AU Czech, B Allen, E Batker, D Beier, P Daly, H Erickson, J Garrettson, P Geist, V Gowdy, J Greenwalt, L Hands, H Krausman, P Magee, P Miller, C Novak, K Pullis, G Robinson, C Santa-Barbara, J Teer, J Trauger, D Willer, C AF Czech, B Allen, E Batker, D Beier, P Daly, H Erickson, J Garrettson, P Geist, V Gowdy, J Greenwalt, L Hands, H Krausman, P Magee, P Miller, C Novak, K Pullis, G Robinson, C Santa-Barbara, J Teer, J Trauger, D Willer, C TI The iron triangle: why The Wildlife Society needs to take a position on economic growth SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSERVATION C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildllife Refuge Syst, Arlington, VA USA. Asia Pacific Environm Exchange, Seattle, WA USA. No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Affairs, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. Natl Wildlife Federat, Vienna, VA 22184 USA. Kansas Wildlife & Pk Dept, Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area, Great Bend, KS 67530 USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona Agr Expt Stn, Tucson, AZ USA. Western State Coll Colorado, Gunnison, CO USA. Illinois Dept Nat Resources, Champaign, IL USA. Natl Assoc Dev Org Res Fdn, Washington, DC 20001 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Arlington, VA USA. Clarkson Univ, Sch Liberal Arts & Sci, Potsdam, Germany. Scale Project, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Wildlife Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Nat Resources Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Coast Range Assoc, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Czech, B (reprint author), 5101 S 11th St, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. RI Erickson, Jon/C-4020-2009; Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 574 EP 577 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 701JY UT WOS:000184165500032 ER PT J AU Matula, GJ Vashon, JH Organ, JF AF Matula, GJ Vashon, JH Organ, JF TI Warden, pilot, naturalist - Wendell E. Dodge 1929-2003 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Maine DIFW, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. RP Matula, GJ (reprint author), Maine DIFW, 650 State St, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 597 EP 598 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 701JY UT WOS:000184165500038 ER PT J AU Larson, MA Clark, ME Winterstein, SR AF Larson, MA Clark, ME Winterstein, SR TI Survival and habitat of ruffed grouse nests in northern Michigan SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SUCCESS; FOREST AB Effective management of Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) populations requires a full understanding of chick production. Previous reports of nest survival for Ruffed Grouse are biased because they did not account for successful nests being more likely to be found, and the role of habitat quality in determining nest survival is unknown. We determined survival rates of Ruffed Grouse nests in northern lower Michigan using the less biased Mayfield estimator, defined differences between first and second nests, and compared the local habitat characteristics of successful and unsuccessful nests. Median hatching dates were 10 June for first nests (n = 34) and 1 July for second nests (n = 6). First nests had a lower survival rate (0.442, 95% CI = 0.270-0.716), a higher mean clutch size (12.7 eggs +/- 0.3 SE), and higher egg hatching rate (0.960, 95% CI = 0.900-0.997) than did second nests (nest survival 0.788, 95% CI 0.491-1.00; clutch size = 7.3 +/- eggs 0.3 SE; and hatching rate = 0.826, 95% CI 0.718-0.925). Nest survival, annual production (3.4 hatchling females/adult female, 95% CI = 2.3-5.0), and fall recruitment (1.0 juvenile females/adult female, 95% CI = 0.3-2.4) were less than previously reported estimates. Habitat characteristics at nest sites varied widely and did not differ appreciably between successful and unsuccessful nests. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Larson, MA (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM mlarson@usgs.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1676/02-080 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 764QR UT WOS:000188218000005 ER PT J AU Somershoe, SG Hudman, SP Chandler, CR AF Somershoe, SG Hudman, SP Chandler, CR TI Habitat use by Swainson's Warblers in a managed bottomland forest SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB The Swainson's Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii) is a locally distributed and relatively uncommon Neotropical migrant songbird that breeds in the bottomland forests of the southeastern United States and spends the nonbreeding season in the Caribbean Basin. Populations of Swainson's Warblers have declined during recent decades as bottomland forests have come under increasingly intensive management and large areas have been converted to other land uses. We examined the habitat around song perches used by male Swainson's Warblers at Big Hammock Wildlife Management Area, a managed bottomland forest along the Altamaha River in Tattnall County, Georgia. We quantified 20 features of habitat structure in areas occupied by Swainson's Warblers (occupied plots) and two sets of controls: unoccupied plots adjacent to occupied plots (adjacent control plots) and unoccupied plots throughout the management area (general control plots). Occupied plots and adjacent control plots both differed in structure from the general control plots. We detected no significant differences, however, in vegetation structure between occupied plots and adjacent control plots. General control plots tended to have a greater number of trees, greater basal area, and a complete canopy, whereas occupied and adjacent control plots had high densities of small stems, cane, herbaceous ground cover, and leaf litter; this latter pattern is typical of documented Swainson's Warbler breeding habitat. Lack of significant differences in vegetation structure may be due to great variation in habitat structure around song perches, small sample size, or scarcity of Swainson's Warblers. Future research should focus on quantifying habitat characteristics around nest sites, song perches, and feeding areas. Our results suggest that management of bottomland habitats by thinning forests and encouraging regeneration of canebrakes is needed for successful conservation of Swainson's Warblers. C1 USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Somershoe, SG (reprint author), USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 2524 S Frontage Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM scott_somershoe@usgs.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1676/02-110 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 764QR UT WOS:000188218000006 ER PT J AU Howell, MD Grand, JB Flint, PL AF Howell, MD Grand, JB Flint, PL TI Body molt of male Long-tailed Ducks in the near-shore waters of the North Slope, Alaska SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; FEMALE MALLARDS; PLUMAGE AB We examined the timing and intensity of body molt in relation to stage of remige growth for postbreeding adult male Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) off the coast of northern Alaska. During this period, remige and rectrix feathers are molted simultaneously with body feathers during the prebasic molt, which results in a period of increased energetic and nutritional demands. We collected birds from late July through mid-August and recorded intensity of molt in eight regions: head and neck, back and rump, greater coverts, lesser coverts, flank and sides, breast, belly, and tail. Using nonlinear regression, we estimated the peak intensity and variation for each region in relation to ninth primary length. We found little evidence of molt in the head and neck region. The greater and lesser coverts, and back and rump reached peak molt intensities earliest and were followed by tail, breast, and belly. Molt intensity in the flank and side region was highly variable and indicated a more prolonged molting pattern in relation to other regions. While body molt occurs simultaneously with wing molt, we found that molt among regions occurred in a staggered pattern. Long-tailed Ducks may employ this staggered molting pattern to minimize the energetic and nutritional requirements of molt. C1 Auburn Univ, USGS Alabama Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USGS, Alaska Biol Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Grand, JB (reprint author), Auburn Univ, USGS Alabama Coop Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM grandjb@auburn.edu OI Flint, Paul/0000-0002-8758-6993 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1676/02-081 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 764QR UT WOS:000188218000009 ER PT J AU Igl, LD AF Igl, LD TI Male Brown-headed Cowbird attacks and kills a nestling SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HOST NESTLINGS; NESTS; EGG; DESTRUCTION; PREDATORS; REMOVAL AB I observed a male Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) attack and kill a nestling of an unidentified passerine in a grassland field in Day County, South Dakota, in June 2000. The killing or removal of nestlings by female cowbirds has been reported by others, but this behavior has not been documented previously in male cowbirds. C1 USGS, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. RP Igl, LD (reprint author), USGS, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. EM larry_igl@usgs.gov OI Igl, Lawrence/0000-0003-0530-7266 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 115 IS 2 BP 210 EP 212 DI 10.1676/02-109 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 764QR UT WOS:000188218000018 ER PT J AU Karl, HA Turner, CE AF Karl, HA Turner, CE TI Incorporating science into decision-making SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Karl, HA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS-531, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5624 BP 1370 EP 1370 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 683ZW UT WOS:000183181800018 PM 12775819 ER PT J AU Larson, KM Bodin, P Gomberg, J AF Larson, KM Bodin, P Gomberg, J TI Using 1-Hz GPS data to measure deformations caused by the Denali fault earthquake SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The 3 November 2002 moment magnitude 7.9 Denali fault earthquake generated large, permanent surface displacements in Alaska and large-amplitude surface waves throughout western North America. We find good agreement between strong ground-motion records integrated to displacement and 1-hertz Global Positioning System (GPS) position estimates collected similar to 140 kilometers from the earthquake epicenter. One-hertz GPS receivers also detected seismic surface waves 750 to 3800 kilometers from the epicenter, whereas these waves saturated many of the seismic instruments in the same region. High-frequency GPS increases the dynamic range and frequency bandwidth of ground-motion observations, providing another tool for studying earthquake processes. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Memphis State Univ, Ctr Earthquake Res & Informat, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Larson, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 7 TC 138 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 30 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5624 BP 1421 EP 1424 DI 10.1126/science.1084531 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 683ZW UT WOS:000183181800042 PM 12750480 ER PT J AU Stefansson, SO McGinnity, P Bjornsson, BT Schreck, CB McCormick, SD AF Stefansson, SO McGinnity, P Bjornsson, BT Schreck, CB McCormick, SD TI The importance of smolt development to salmon conservation, culture, and management: perspectives from the 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material DE salmon; smolt development; salmonid smoltification AB The 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification was held in Westport, Ireland, during September 3-7, 2001. Perhaps more so than at past workshops, this meeting took a 'salmon life cycle' approach to smoltification. Results presented at the workshop illustrated the variation in the smoltification process among species, populations and individuals, suggesting that within-species variation can be of adaptive significance. Workshop presentations also demonstrated the importance of environmental factors and culture conditions. Salmon conservation and restoration programs should work to restore aquatic systems that allow for the full suite of smolt phenotypes, ensuring their full range of adaptations. A future challenge to anadromous salmonids, which depend on both marine and freshwater ecosystems, is global warming. The rate of change in, e.g., temperature, rainfull, runoff, and ocean climate is critical to the performance of smolts and their ability to cope with change. It is essential to ensure that the genetic variation and diversity in wild stocks are not reduced, so that the capacity to adapt remains. Climatic changes will likely further compound the adverse effects stemming from anthropogenic sources such as dams, pollution, water diversion and riparian deforestation. An important question raised at the workshop is whether smolting is completed under artificial rearing conditions, which again brings us back to the question of what is a smolt? While the basic physiological blueprint associated with smoltification in hatchery and wild fish tends to be similar, cultured fish have less intense changes and differ in timing compared to smolts in the wild. Although the fundamental genetic basis for smoltification remains, a concern is that the population-level variation in smolt phenotypes is being reduced. Enhancement operations have been initiated in most salmon-producing regions to compensate for loss of natural production. While the interests of salmon conservation and exploitation are superficially similar, i.e., to ensure a viable population with a good adult run, obvious differences are emerging. Workshop presentations and discussions focused on ways of combining the interests of conservation and exploitation. Local adaptation should be maintained in hatchery-enhanced stocks and combined with a move towards a more natural rearing environment. This is likely to benefit both conservation efforts and fisheries interests. Current advances in biology are likely to have a major influence on our approach to smolt research. Still, the 'traditional' ecological, physiological, behavioral and environment-fish interaction studies at the organismal level will be critical for interpretation of findings at the molecular, cellular and organ levels, and are vital as input for the management of our wild and reared salmon stock. Perhaps once all of this has been accomplished we will have come to terms with the vexing question: what is smolt? However, even if this question remains unanswered, our increased understanding of smolts as a critical stage in the life history of salmon will improve our ability to conserve, enhance and enjoy this vital natural resource. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Bergen, Bergen High Technol Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Inst Marine, Salmon Management Serv, Furnace, Co Mayo, Ireland. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadronous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. RP Stefansson, SO (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Bergen High Technol Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008; McGinnity, Philip/P-6781-2015 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756; McGinnity, Philip/0000-0001-5199-5632 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00098-X PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671WM UT WOS:000182487900001 ER PT J AU Singer, TD Finstad, B McCormick, SD Wiseman, SB Schulte, PM McKinley, RS AF Singer, TD Finstad, B McCormick, SD Wiseman, SB Schulte, PM McKinley, RS TI Interactive effects of cortisol treatment and ambient seawater challenge on gill Na+,K+-ATPase and CFTR expression in two strains of Atlantic salmon smolts SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 03-08, 2001 CL WESTPORT, IRELAND DE cortisol; ambient seawater challenge; mRNA levels; smoltification; Na+,K+-ATPase; CFTR ID RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GROWTH-HORMONE; BROWN TROUT; GENETIC-DIVERGENCE; TIME-COURSE; K+-ATPASE; SALAR L; STRESS AB During peak smoltification, the interactive effects of cortisol and ambient seawater challenge were compared in two strains of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts: a domesticated strain, AquaGen and a native River Imsa strain. Tissue and blood samples were taken from untreated fish on 20 May. Fish were then transferred to experimental tanks, allowed to recover for 24 h and cortisol (50 mg kg body mass(-1)), dissolved in vegetable oil, or vegetable oil alone (sham) was implanted. Samples were taken 5 days post implantation. Fish were then exposed to 24 It ambient seawater challenge (FW-SW) or freshwater to freshwater replacement (FW-FW) and sampled as before. Sham implantation had no significant impact on any of the measured parameters. Cortisol implantation significantly elevated plasma cortisol in FW-FW Imsa smolts, while no effect was observed in FW-SW Imsa smolts. Cortisol implantation had no effect on the plasma cortisol levels of AquaGen smolts regardless of FW-SW challenge. Increased plasma cortisol corresponded with significantly higher plasma glucose levels in FW-FW Imsa smolts. Plasma Na+ and Cl- levels were not affected by cortisol implantation but were significantly increased in FW-SW smolts of both strains. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased in response to cortisol implantation in only FW-FW smolts but not FW-SW smolts. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase alpha-subunit mRNA levels were not affected by strain, cortisol injection or transfer protocol, while both CFTR I and CFTR 11 mRNA levels were significantly higher in AquaGen versus Imsa smolts regardless of treatment. CFTR I mRNA was elevated following cortisol implantation in FW-FW smolts from both strains suggesting CFTR I expression is under the control of cortisol. These findings also suggest that plasma cortisol levels are regulated differently between strains and that cortisol implantation and ambient FW-SW challenge interact, interfering with the individual effects of each of these factors. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Biotelemetry Inst, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. USGS, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. RP Singer, TD (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Biotelemetry Inst, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. OI Wiseman, Steve/0000-0002-8215-2272; Schulte, Patricia/0000-0002-5237-8836 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00099-1 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671WM UT WOS:000182487900002 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD O'Dea, MF Moeckel, AM Bjornsson, BT AF McCormick, SD O'Dea, MF Moeckel, AM Bjornsson, BT TI Endocrine and physiological changes in Atlantic salmon smolts following hatchery release SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 03-08, 2001 CL WESTPORT, IRELAND DE Atlantic salmon; smolts; hatchery ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SEAWATER TOLERANCE; BROWN TROUT; K+-ATPASE; SALAR; WILD; HORMONE; PARR AB Physiological and endocrine changes during stroll development were examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared and released as part of a restoration program on the Connecticut River and its tributaries. Fish were reared in a cold water hatchery in Pittsford, VT and released into the Farmington River, CT (a major tributary of the Connecticut River) or into 'imprint ponds' fed by the Farmington River. Smolts were recaptured 10-20 days after their release at a smolt bypass facility 16 km downstream of their release site. Fish sampled at the hatchery from January to May had only moderate smolt development based on salinity tolerance, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and hormone profiles. In contrast, smolts released into the river or imprint ponds had higher salinity tolerance, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and thyroxine than smolts that remained in the hatchery. These physiological and endocrine changes were nearly identical to those of smolts that had been released into the river 2 years earlier as fty and were captured as active migrants at the same bypass facility (stream-reared smolts). The stomach contents as a percent of body weight (primarily aquatic insects) varied greatly among individuals and were greater in hatchery-reared fish than stream-reared smolts. Results from the rearing of hatchery fish at temperatures similar to that of the Farmington River indicate that some of the physiological changes may be due to increased temperature after release, though other factors may also be involved. The results indicate that substantial physiological stroll development can occur after hatchery release, coincident with downstream migration. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01370 USA. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool Zoophysiol, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-41124 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, POB 196, Turners Falls, MA 01370 USA. RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00101-7 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671WM UT WOS:000182487900004 ER PT J AU Shrimpton, JM McCormick, SD AF Shrimpton, JM McCormick, SD TI Environmental and endocrine control of gill corticosteroid receptor number and affinity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during smolting SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 03-08, 2001 CL WESTPORT, IRELAND DE smolting; corticosteroid receptors (CR); B-max ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CORTISOL TREATMENT; BINDING DOMAIN; K+-ATPASE; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS; PHOTOPERIOD CONTROL; SALINITY TOLERANCE AB During smolting, cortisol acts on the gill through intracellular corticosteroid receptors (CR). Regulation of CR concentration (B-max) and dissociation constant (k(d)) by environmental factors, however, has not been investigated. We subjected juvenile Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar) to changes in photoperiod and temperature to determine the effect on gill CR B-max and kd. Cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), thyroxine (T-4), and triiodothyronine (T-3) were measured to determine endocrine factors that correlated with changes in CR B-max, and k(d). Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity was measured as an indicator of smolting. Control fish were maintained under ambient Connecticut River water temperatures and natural photoperiod (LDN). In the first experiment, fish were also reared at elevated temperature (constant 10 degreesC), or long day photoperiod (LD 16:8; 16 h light), or a combination of these two treatments. In the second experiment, fish were subjected to an advanced river temperature regime, or short day photoperiod (LD 9:15; 9 h light), or a combination of these two treatments. Seasonal changes in CR B-max were found to be significantly affected by temperature, but not photoperiod. A decline in CR B-max occurred when mean daily temperature increase exceeded 1.5 degreesC per week, preceding the increase in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. CR B-max was found to be correlated positively with T-4 and negatively with IGF-1. Gill CR k(d) changed significantly over the spring, but manipulation of temperature and photoperiod had little effect. CR k(d) was found to be positively correlated with gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, plasma GH, cortisol, IGF-1 and T-4. Temperature appears to influence seasonal changes in CR B-max observed, whereas endocrine factors appear to be more closely related to seasonal changes in CR k(d). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USGS, US Geol Survey, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Shrimpton, JM (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Biol Program, 3333 Univ Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00104-2 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671WM UT WOS:000182487900007 ER PT J AU Zydlewski, GB Foott, JS Nichols, K Hamelberg, S Zydlewski, J Bjornsson, BT AF Zydlewski, GB Foott, JS Nichols, K Hamelberg, S Zydlewski, J Bjornsson, BT TI Enhanced smolt characteristics of steelhead trout exposed to alternative hatchery conditions during the final months of rearing SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 03-08, 2001 CL WESTPORT, IRELAND DE steelhead trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss; smolt physiology; smolting; hatchery rearing; pond rearing; seawater tolerance ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PLASMA GROWTH-HORMONE; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; REARED BROWN TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; FACTOR-I; HYPOOSMOREGULATORY ABILITY; SEAWATER ADAPTATION AB one-year steelhead trout were reared at Coleman National Fish Hatchery, CA, USA. During the final 5 months of rearing, fish were maintained in either traditional concrete raceways or moved to a pond. Rearing conditions in the pond included a cobble bottom, structures, and surface disruption. In August, prior to splitting juveniles into raceway and pond groups, length, weight, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, seawater tolerance and plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were measured. On November 30th and January 3rd (prior to release on January 8th), fish were sampled as in August. The pond-reared fish grew faster (0.51 g day(-1) from August to November and 0.66 g day(-1) from November to January) than raceway-reared fish (0.41 and 0.26 g day(-1)) fed at similar rations (2% body weight day(-1)) through November and when raceway fish were fed more in December. In both November and January, pond-reared fish had significantly higher plasma GH levels and tolerated seawater transfer better than fish reared in raceways. Factors such as feeding conditions, structure, and fish density in the pond that differed from raceway conditions may have provided naturalization of the hatchery environment resulting in more physiologically competent smolts. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Longview, WA 98632 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Coleman Natl Fish Hatchery, Anderson, CA 96007 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Columbia River Fisheries Program Off, Vancouver, BC 98665, Canada. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Zool, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Zydlewski, GB (reprint author), Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1440 Abernathy Creek Rd, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RI Bjornsson, Bjorn/B-9161-2008 OI Bjornsson, Bjorn/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00105-4 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671WM UT WOS:000182487900008 ER PT J AU Price, CS Schreck, CB AF Price, CS Schreck, CB TI Effects of bacterial kidney disease on saltwater preference of juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Salmonid Smoltification CY SEP 03-08, 2001 CL WESTPORT, IRELAND DE Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; bacterial kidney disease; smolt; behavior; salt water ID BROOD STOCK SEGREGATION; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ADAPTATION; SEAWATER; FISH; SMOLTIFICATION; PROGENY; STRESS AB In March 1998, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess the effect of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) on the saltwater preference of juvenile spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Experiments were done in 757-1 tanks in which a vertical salinity gradient was established. Fish with external signs of BKD were designated as sick and those without external signs of disease served as controls. Two hours after saltwater introduction, 85 +/- 17.6% (S.D.) of controls held in salt water, compared to 31 +/- 20.0% of sick fish. There was a significant negative relationship between mean infection level (quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) and saltwater preference. Such behavior may increase the risk of avian predation for chinook salmon outinigrating through the estuary. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, USGS Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Price, CS (reprint author), 132 Conch Ct, Emerald Isle, NC 28594 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 26 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00131-5 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 671WM UT WOS:000182487900023 ER PT J AU Ide, S Beroza, GC Prejean, SG Ellsworth, WL AF Ide, S Beroza, GC Prejean, SG Ellsworth, WL TI Apparent break in earthquake scaling due to path and site effects on deep borehole recordings SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE seismic energy; apparent stress; scaling; borehole; Long Valley; artifact ID EMPIRICAL GREENS-FUNCTION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; ENERGY-RELEASE; KM DEPTH; CALIFORNIA; STRESS; ATTENUATION; MOMENT; FAULT; WAVE AB [1] We reexamine the scaling of stress drop and apparent stress, rigidity times the ratio between seismically radiated energy to seismic moment, with earthquake size for a set of microearthquakes recorded in a deep borehole in Long Valley, California. In the first set of calculations, we assume a constant Q and solve for the corner frequency and seismic moment. In the second set of calculations, we model the spectral ratio of nearby events to determine the same quantities. We find that the spectral ratio technique, which can account for path and site effects or nonconstant Q, yields higher stress drops, particularly for the smaller events in the data set. The measurements determined from spectral ratios indicate no departure from constant stress drop scaling down to the smallest events in our data set (M-w 0.8). Our results indicate that propagation effects can contaminate measurements of source parameters even in the relatively clean recording environment of a deep borehole, just as they do at the Earth's surface. The scaling of source properties of microearthquakes made from deep borehole recordings may need to be reevaluated. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ide, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM ide@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; beroza@pangea.stanford.edu; sprejean@usgs.gov; ellsworth@usgs.gov RI IDE, SATOSHI/G-4887-2014 NR 33 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 24 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B5 AR 2271 DI 10.1029/2001JB001617 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683ZD UT WOS:000183180200002 ER PT J AU Saffer, DM Bekins, BA Hickman, S AF Saffer, DM Bekins, BA Hickman, S TI Topographically driven groundwater flow and the San Andreas heat flow paradox revisited SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE San Andreas fault; Parkfield; Mojave; heat flow; groundwater flow; heat advection ID FAULT ZONE; CAJON-PASS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE-DESERT; RESEARCH WELL; LOMA-PRIETA; PERMEABILITY; STRESS; SYSTEM; FLUIDS AB [1] Evidence for a weak San Andreas Fault includes (1) borehole heat flow measurements that show no evidence for a frictionally generated heat flow anomaly and (2) the inferred orientation of sigma(1) nearly perpendicular to the fault trace. Interpretations of the stress orientation data remain controversial, at least in close proximity to the fault, leading some researchers to hypothesize that the San Andreas Fault is, in fact, strong and that its thermal signature may be removed or redistributed by topographically driven groundwater flow in areas of rugged topography, such as typify the San Andreas Fault system. To evaluate this scenario, we use a steady state, two-dimensional model of coupled heat and fluid flow within cross sections oriented perpendicular to the fault and to the primary regional topography. Our results show that existing heat flow data near Parkfield, California, do not readily discriminate between the expected thermal signature of a strong fault and that of a weak fault. In contrast, for a wide range of groundwater flow scenarios in the Mojave Desert, models that include frictional heat generation along a strong fault are inconsistent with existing heat flow data, suggesting that the San Andreas Fault at this location is indeed weak. In both areas, comparison of modeling results and heat flow data suggest that advective redistribution of heat is minimal. The robust results for the Mojave region demonstrate that topographically driven groundwater flow, at least in two dimensions, is inadequate to obscure the frictionally generated heat flow anomaly from a strong fault. However, our results do not preclude the possibility of transient advective heat transport associated with earthquakes. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Saffer, DM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM DSaffer@uwyo.edu; babekins@usgs.gov; hickman@usgs.gov NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 24 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B5 AR 2274 DI 10.1029/2002JB001849 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683ZD UT WOS:000183180200005 ER PT J AU Carr, MH Head, JW AF Carr, MH Head, JW TI Oceans on Mars: An assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review DE Mars; oceans; channels; shorelines; Hesperian ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; MOLA DATA; SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; THERMAL EVOLUTION; FRETTED TERRAIN; ANCIENT OCEANS; GIANT POLYGONS AB If the large Late Hesperian outflow channels were eroded by extensive floods, as appears likely, then large bodies of water must have once occupied the northern plains during that period. Previous estimates of the sizes of bodies of water in the northern lowlands range up to 3x10(8) km(3). Several contacts have been previously mapped around the edges of the northern plains and interpreted to be shorelines remaining from these former standing bodies of water. We examine the elevations and geologic relations along these contacts in detail and find little support for their interpretation as shorelines. Some contacts are clearly of volcanic origin, and all have significant variations in elevation. Better support for the former presence of water over large parts of the northern plains is provided by the Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF). Most of the post-Noachian fill within the northern basin is ridged plains of Lower Hesperian age, interpreted to be volcanic in origin. Overlying the ridged plains is the VBF, a thin veneer of material of Upper Hesperian age. The VBF may have been deposited from large floods. Support for this interpretation is the similarity in age between the outflow channels and the VBF, the presence of the VBF at the lower ends of the outflow channels, and identification of numerous features in the outcrop areas of the VBF that are suggestive of basal melting of an ice sheet. To cover all the area over which the VBF is exposed would require similar to2.3x10(7) km(3) of water. Spread over the entire surface of Mars, this volume is equal to a global layer (global equivalent layer, or GEL) similar to156 m deep. We find no support for the larger estimates of ocean volumes that range up to 3x10(8) km(3) and which imply comparable amounts of water per unit area as are currently present on the surface of the Earth. Under present climatic conditions on Mars an ocean would freeze in a geologically short time period (similar to10(4) years), then would sublimate away at rates strongly dependent on the presence or absence of debris on the ice surface. The present VBF is interpreted as a sublimation residue from the ponded outflow channel effluents. The fate of a volume of water thought to have been emplaced by the outflow channels (similar to2.3x10(7) km(3)) is largely accounted for by the presence of other existing reservoirs on the planet. An approximately 20-30 m GEL of water is estimated to be in the present polar caps, and a 50 m GEL may have escaped to space since the Hesperian, leaving similar to80 m GEL unaccounted for. This amount may be partly trapped in other volatile-rich deposits on the surface, and a significant amount could have reentered the groundwater system by south polar basal melting and been progressively cold-trapped at the base of a growing cryosphere. On the basis of our assessment of the Hesperian-aged deposits, we predict that testing of the Clifford and Parker [2001] hypothesis that a Noachian-aged ocean covered up to one third of the surface of Mars will be made very difficult by the enhanced degradation rates in the Noachian and subsequent geological events in the northern lowlands. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Carr, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM james_head_III@brown.edu NR 115 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 15 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 20 PY 2003 VL 108 IS E5 AR 5042 DI 10.1029/2002JE001963 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 683YW UT WOS:000183179500001 ER PT J AU Gan, WJ Zhang, PZ Shen, ZK Prescott, WH Svarc, JL AF Gan, WJ Zhang, PZ Shen, ZK Prescott, WH Svarc, JL TI Initiation of deformation of the Eastern California Shear Zone: Constraints from Garlock fault geometry and GPS observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRAIN ACCUMULATION; VALLEY; NEVADA; MOTION; PLATE AB [1] We suggest a 2-stage deformation model for the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) to explain the geometry of the Garlock fault trace. We assume the Garlock fault was originally straight and then was gradually curved by right-lateral shear deformation across the ECSZ. In our 2-stage deformation model, the first stage involves uniform shear deformation across the eastern part of the shear zone, and the second stage involves uniform shear deformation across the entire shear zone. In addition to the current shape of the Garlock fault, our model incorporates constraints on contemporary deformation rates provided by GPS observations. We find that the best fitting age for initiation of shear in eastern part of the ECSZ is about 5.0 +/- 0.4 Ma, and that deformation of the western part started about 1.6 Myr later. C1 China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gan, WJ (reprint author), China Seismol Bur, Inst Geol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 10 AR 1496 DI 10.1029/2003GL017090 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 682QJ UT WOS:000183102800003 ER PT J AU Eberhart-Phillips, D Haeussler, PJ Freymueller, JT Frankel, AD Rubin, CM Craw, P Ratchkovski, NA Anderson, G Carver, GA Crone, AJ Dawson, TE Fletcher, H Hansen, R Harp, EL Harris, RA Hill, DP Hreinsdottir, S Jibson, RW Jones, LM Kayen, R Keefer, DK Larsen, CF Moran, SC Personius, SF Plafker, G Sherrod, B Sieh, K Sitar, N Wallace, WK AF Eberhart-Phillips, D Haeussler, PJ Freymueller, JT Frankel, AD Rubin, CM Craw, P Ratchkovski, NA Anderson, G Carver, GA Crone, AJ Dawson, TE Fletcher, H Hansen, R Harp, EL Harris, RA Hill, DP Hreinsdottir, S Jibson, RW Jones, LM Kayen, R Keefer, DK Larsen, CF Moran, SC Personius, SF Plafker, G Sherrod, B Sieh, K Sitar, N Wallace, WK TI The 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: A large magnitude, slip-partitioned event SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRESS TRANSFER; HAZARD AB The M-W (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and was the largest strike-slip earthquake in North America in almost 150 years. It illuminates earthquake mechanics and hazards of large strike-slip faults. It began with thrusting on the previously unrecognized Susitna Glacier fault, continued with right-slip on the Denali fault, then took a right step and continued with right-slip on the Totschunda fault. There is good correlation between geologically observed and geophysically inferred moment release. The earthquake produced unusually strong distal effects in the rupture propagation direction, including triggered seismicity. C1 US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Carver Geol, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci 100 23, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eberhart-Phillips, D (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 4200 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RI Harris, Ruth/C-4184-2013; OI Harris, Ruth/0000-0002-9247-0768; Sitar, Nicholas/0000-0001-7253-5985; Haeussler, Peter/0000-0002-1503-6247 NR 41 TC 208 Z9 212 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 16 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5622 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1126/science.1082703 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 678VC UT WOS:000182886500035 PM 12750512 ER PT J AU Horan, MF Walker, RJ Morgan, JW Grossman, JN Rubin, AE AF Horan, MF Walker, RJ Morgan, JW Grossman, JN Rubin, AE TI Highly siderophile elements in chondrites SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE highly siderophile elements; chondrites; abundances ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLATINUM-GROUP ELEMENTS; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ENSTATITE CHONDRITES; TRACE-ELEMENT; COMPOSITIONAL CLASSIFICATION; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; PARENT BODY; METAL AB The abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE), Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd, were determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry for bulk samples of 13 carbonaceous chondrites, 13 ordinary chondrites and 9 enstatite chondrites. These data are coupled with corresponding Re-187-Os-187 isotopic data reported by Walker et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2002] in order to constrain the nature and timing of chemical fractionation relating to these elements in the early solar system. The suite of chondrites examined displays considerable variations in absolute abundances of the HSE, and in the ratios of certain HSE. Absolute abundances of the HSE vary by nearly a factor of 80 among the chondrite groups, although most vary within a factor of only 2. Variations in concentration largely reflect heterogeneities in the sample aliquants. Different aliquants of the same chondrite may contain variable proportions of metal and/or refractory inclusions that are HSE-rich, and sulfides that are HSE-poor. The relatively low concentrations of the HSE in CI1 chondrites likely reflect dilution by the presence of volatile components. Carbonaceous chondrites have Re/Os ratios that are, on average, approximately 8% lower than ratios for ordinary and enstatite chondrites. This is also reflected in Os-187/Os-188 ratios that are approximately 3% lower for carbonaceous chondrites than for ordinary and enstatite chondrites. Given the similarly refractory natures of Re and Os, this fractionation may have occurred within a narrow range of high temperatures, during condensation of these elements from the solar nebula. Superimposed on this major fractionation are more modest movements of Re or Os that occurred within the last 0-2 Ga, as indicated by minor open-system behavior of the Re-Os isotope systematics of some chondrites. The relative abundances of other HSE can also be used to discriminate among the major classes of chondrites. For example, in comparison to the enstatite chondrites, carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites have distinctly lower ratios of Pd to the more refractory HSE (Re, Os, Ir, Ru and Pt). Differences are particularly well resolved for the EH chondrites that have Pd/Ir ratios that average more than 40% higher than for carbonaceous and ordinary chondrite classes. This fractionation probably occurred at lower temperatures, and may be associated with fractionation processes that also affected the major refractory lithophile elements. Combined, Os-187/Os-188 ratios and HSE ratios reflect unique early solar system processing of HSE for each major chondrite class. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, Isotope Geochem Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Horan, MF (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Walker, Richard/K-6869-2016 OI Walker, Richard/0000-0003-0348-2407 NR 55 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 196 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 671HA UT WOS:000182458200002 ER PT J AU Paktunc, D Foster, A Laflamme, G AF Paktunc, D Foster, A Laflamme, G TI Speciation and characterization of arsenic in Ketza River mine tailings using x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; FERRIHYDRITE; EXAFS; COMPLEXES; GOETHITE; MECHANISMS; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; GEOMETRY; PYRITE AB Ketza River mine tailings deposited underwater and those exposed near the tailings impoundment contain approximately 4 wt % As. Column-leaching tests indicated the potential for high As releases from the tailings. The tailings are composed dominantly of iron oxyhydroxides, quartz, calcite, dolomite, muscovite, ferric arsenates, and calcium-iron arsenates. Arsenopyrite and pyrite are trace constituents. Chemical compositions of iron oxyhydroxide and arsenate minerals are highly variable. The XANES spectra indicate that arsenic occurs as As(V) in tailings, but air-drying prior to analysis may have oxidized lower-valent As. The EXAFS spectra indicate As-Fe distances of 3.35-3.36 Angstrom for the exposed tailings and 3.33-3.35 Angstrom for the saturated tailings with coordination numbers of 0.96-1.11 and 0.460.64, respectively. The As-Ca interatomic distances ranging from 4.15 to 4.18 Angstrom and the coordination numbers of 4.12-4.58 confirm the presence of calcium-iron arsenates in the tailings. These results suggest that ferric arsenates and inner-sphere corner sharing or bidentate-binuclear attachment of arsenate tetrahedra onto iron hydroxide octahedra are the dominant form of As in the tailings. EXAFS spectra indicate that the exposed tailings are richer in arsenate minerals whereas the saturated tailings are dominated by the iron oxyhydroxides, which could help explain the greater release of As from the exposed tailings during leaching tests. It is postulated that the dissolution of ferric arsenates during flow-through experiments caused the high As releases from both types of tailings. Arsenic tied to iron oxyhydroxides as adsorbed species are considered stable; however, iron oxyhydroxides having low Fe/As molar ratios may not be as stable. Continued As releases from the tailings are likely due to dissolution of both ferric and calcium-iron arsenates and desorption of As from high-As bearing iron oxyhydroxides during aging. C1 Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Min & Minerals Sci Labs, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Paktunc, D (reprint author), Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Min & Minerals Sci Labs, 555 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. NR 31 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2067 EP 2074 DI 10.1021/es026185m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678KJ UT WOS:000182866000006 PM 12785509 ER PT J AU Ayotte, JD Montgomery, DL Flanagan, SM Robinson, KW AF Ayotte, JD Montgomery, DL Flanagan, SM Robinson, KW TI Arsenic in groundwater in eastern New England: Occurrence, controls, and human health implications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER AB In eastern New England, high concentrations (greater than 10 mug/L) of arsenic occur in groundwater. Privately supplied drinking water from bedrock aquifers often has arsenic concentrations at levels of concern to human health, whereas drinking water from unconsolidated aquifers is least affected by arsenic contamination. Water from wells in metasedimentary bedrock units, primarily in Maine and New Hampshire, has the highest arsenic concentrations-nearly 30% of wells in these aquifers produce water with arsenic concentrations greater than 10 mug/L. Arsenic was also found at concentrations of 3-40 mg/kg in whole rock samples in these formations, suggesting a possible geologic source. Arsenic is most common in groundwater with high pH. High pH is related to groundwater age and possibly the presence of calcite in bedrock. Ion exchange in areas formerly inundated by seawater also may increase pH. Wells sampled twice during periods of 1-10 months have similar arsenic concentrations (slope = 0.89; r-squared = 0.97). On the basis of wateruse information for the aquifers studied, about 103 000 people with private wells could have water supplies with arsenic at levels of concern (greater than 10 mug/L) for human health. C1 US Geol Survey, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. RP Ayotte, JD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 361 Commerce Way, Pembroke, NH 03275 USA. NR 44 TC 116 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2075 EP 2083 DI 10.1021/es026211g PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678KJ UT WOS:000182866000007 PM 12785510 ER PT J AU George, R Turner, S Hawkesworth, C Morris, J Nye, C Ryan, J Zheng, SH AF George, R Turner, S Hawkesworth, C Morris, J Nye, C Ryan, J Zheng, SH TI Melting processes and fluid and sediment transport rates along the Alaska-Aleutian arc from an integrated U-Th-Ra-Be isotope study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Review DE uranium series; beryllium isotopes; Aleutians; Alaska; arc petrogenesis ID YOUNG VOLCANIC-ROCKS; TONGA-KERMADEC ISLAND; TRACE-ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS; SUBDUCTING OCEANIC-CRUST; MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; KATMAI-NATIONAL-PARK; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; TH-230-U-238 DISEQUILIBRIUM; URANIUM SERIES; UPPER-MANTLE AB A comprehensive data set for young lavas erupted along the Alaska-Aleutian arc is used to examine how fluid and sediment transport rates and melting processes vary in response to systematic changes in subduction rate and dip along the arc and across the ocean-continent boundary. Positive correlations between convergence rate, volcano volume, and U-238 excesses suggest that magmatic output is closely linked to the size of the fluid flux which occurred <10 kyr prior to eruption. Sediment-sensitive tracers like Th/Nb, Ce/Ce*, and Be-10/Be-9 also increase with convergence rate. However, the inferred Be-10/Be-9 ratio of this component is low relative to that in the incoming sediments, and this could reflect either sediment removal by accretion or storage in the mantle wedge for similar to 0.5-1 Myr. Th/Nb and Th/Nd ratios exceed those expected from bulk sediment addition in the center of the arc suggesting that the enhanced sediment signal reflects transfer in a partial melt phase, whereas partial melts from the subducted oceanic crust appear to be restricted to the western tear in the Pacific plate. Therefore the thermal structure at the slab-wedge interface in the center of the arc must lie close to, and possibly between, the sediment and basalt solidii and is thus constrained to be in the region of 670-740 degrees C at 3 GPa. Elevated (Th-230/Th-232) ratios, the occurrence of Th-230 excesses and only modest 226 Ra excesses in many of the lavas are modeled as the products of dynamic melting effects superimposed upon a fluid-fluxed mantle wedge. The transition from oceanic to continental lithosphere seems to play an important role in determining the relative effects of fluid addition and partial melting upon U-Th disequilibria. We infer that the change from fast and steep plate subduction in the Aleutians to shallow and slow subduction, coupled with increasing lithospheric lid thickness, in Alaska together control slab and wedge temperatures and the rate of matrix flow through the melting region. C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Alaska Volcano Observ, Alaska Div Geol & Geophys Surveys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Geol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP George, R (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Wills Mem Bldg,Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. EM r.m.george@bristol.ac.uk NR 127 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B5 AR 2252 DI 10.1029/2002JB001916 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682TE UT WOS:000183107800003 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, IM Thurman, EM Lindsey, ME Lee, EC Smith, RD AF Verstraeten, IM Thurman, EM Lindsey, ME Lee, EC Smith, RD TI Changes in concentrations of triazine and acetamide herbicides by bank filtration, ozonation, and chlorination in a public water supply (vol 266, pg 190, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 US Geol Survey, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. City Lincoln Water Syst, Ashland, NE 68003 USA. RP Verstraeten, IM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 8987 Yellow Brick Rd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. RI Thurman, Earl/B-5131-2011 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 276 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00126-4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 689BF UT WOS:000183471200020 ER PT J AU Keefer, DK Moseley, ME deFrance, SD AF Keefer, DK Moseley, ME deFrance, SD TI A 38 000-year record of floods and debris flows in the Ilo region of southern Peru and its relation to El Nino events and great earthquakes SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Paleoclimates of the Central Andes CY JAN 11-16, 2000 CL UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, ARIZONA HO UNIV ARIZONA DE floods; debris flows; El Nino; earthquakes; Peru ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; LARGE CALIFORNIA FLOOD; NORTHERN COASTAL PERU; DELTA-O-18 RECORD; QUEBRADA TACAHUAY; ATACAMA DESERT; CULTURE CHANGE; HISTORY; CLIMATE; MIDHOLOCENE AB Previous work throughout the Ilo region of south coastal Peru has documented the existence of flood and debris-flow deposits produced by two El Nino events evidently much more severe than any in recent history. These two events have been dated to ca. AD 1300-1400 and AD 1607-08. The Late Pleistocene to Holocene record of older sedimentary deposits in this region is dominated by flood and debris-flow deposits of similar scale. These older deposits have been described and dated from three coastal, alluvial-fan sites. These deposits, which are as old as 38 200 years, are dominated by massive debris-flow deposits, several tens of cm thick, typically composed of cobble- and boulder-sized clasts in a matrix of silty sand, with characteristics indicating generation by heavy rainfall in an and environment. Twenty-two radiocarbon dates and a single infrared-stimulated luminescence date show that particularly severe El Nino events occurred throughout the Late Pleistocene and two of three divisions of the Holocene with significantly different frequencies. The period of greatest activity was during the Early Holocene when at least six such events took place during a period of ca. 3600 years, beginning near the end of the Younger Dryas ca. 12000 years ago. One of these events produced a debris flow that may have caused abandonment of the Paleo-Indian site at Quebrada Tacahuay, one of the oldest on the Andean coast. No severe events took place during the Middle Holocene between ca. 8400 and 5300 years ago, when a wide variety of other paleoclimate proxy records indicate that the El Nino-Southern Oscillation regime was particularly weak. Since ca. 5300 years ago, four of these severe events have taken place. The Late Pleistocene sequence is constrained by only two dates, which indicate that at least ten severe events took place between ca. 38 200 and 12 900 years ago. Mechanisms probably responsible for generating these large-scale deposits include: (1) 'Mega-Ninos' that produced anomalously heavy rainfall along most or all of the central Andean coast; (2) El Ninos that occurred shortly after great earthquakes that produced large amounts of sediment; or (3) El Ninos that produced anomalously heavy local rainfall. The existence of these large-scale deposits in the Ilo region implies a level of hazard much higher than indicated by the historical record alone. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Keefer, DK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 81 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 194 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00271-2 PG 37 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 679PP UT WOS:000182931400004 ER PT J AU Rech, JA Pigati, JS Quade, J Betancourt, JL AF Rech, JA Pigati, JS Quade, J Betancourt, JL TI Re-evaluation of mid-Holocene deposits at Quebrada Puripica, northern Chile SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Paleoclimates of the Central Andes CY JAN 11-16, 2000 CL UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, ARIZONA HO UNIV ARIZONA DE wetlands; ground water; Atacama Desert; paleoclimate; middle Holocene ID SOUTHERN GREAT-BASIN; SALAR-DE-ATACAMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAT 22-DEGREES-24-DEGREES-S; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES; LAGUNA-MISCANTI; AGE CALIBRATION; DESERT; RECORD; ALTIPLANO AB During the middle Holocene (8-3 ka), wetland deposits accumulated in areas with emergent water tables in the central Atacama Desert (22-24degreesS), producing a stratigraphic unit (Unit C) that can be mapped and correlated across different basins and geomorphic settings. Wherever mapped, Unit C is located between 6 and 30 in above modern wetlands, and includes thick sequences of diatomite and organic mats. The origin, depositional environment, and paleoclimatic significance of Unit C is controversial and currently under debate. Grosjean [Science 292 (2001) 2391a] suggests the unit developed under a regime of falling lake and ground-water levels, whereas evidence presented here suggests that Unit C formed during a period of rising ground-water levels and increased vegetation cover. The debate is embedded in broader discussions about geomorphic processes in ground-water-fed streams, as well as the history and forcing of climate variability in the central Andes. The central Atacama and Andes are remote, with few opportunities for different researchers to examine the same site. One exception is a sequence of mid-Holocene deposits at the confluence of Quebrada Seca and Rio Puripica in northern Chile (23degreesS). Grosjean et al. [Quat. Res. 48 (1997) 239-246] initially suggested the deposits accumulated in temporary lake basins, which formed when recurring debris flows from a side canyon (Quebrada Seca) dammed the main channel (Rio Puripica) during a period of drought and reduced stream flow. Upon our visit to the site, we found evidence that clearly demonstrates the deposits were not formed in temporary lakes, but rather were deposited in a wetland environment. Disagreement remains about the climatic interpretation of wetland deposits. Grosjean [Science 292 (2001) 2391a] now suggests that local ground-water levels rise and wetland deposits aggrade in deep canyon systems, such as Rio Puripica, when stream power and channel erosion is reduced during prolonged dry spells. However, sedimentological evidence and the presence of Unit C in many depositional environments, not just deep canyons, indicate that it formed during a period of higher regional ground-water levels that were sustained by enhanced precipitation and recharge in the High Andes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ Arizona, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Rech, JA (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 194 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00278-5 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 679PP UT WOS:000182931400011 ER PT J AU Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA Quade, J Matthei, O AF Latorre, C Betancourt, JL Rylander, KA Quade, J Matthei, O TI A vegetation history from the arid prepuna of northern Chile (22-23 degrees S) over the last 13,500 years SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Paleoclimates of the Central Andes CY JAN 11-16, 2000 CL UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ HO UNIV ARIZONA DE rodent middens; vegetation history; Holocene; prepuna; Atacama Desert; northern Chile; central Andes ID SALAR-DE-ATACAMA; BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO; LAKE TITICACA; CENTRAL ANDES; LAT 22-DEGREES-24-DEGREES-S; SUMMERTIME PRECIPITATION; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE CHANGES; EARLY HOLOCENE; PALEOHYDROLOGY AB The Quaternary paleoclimate of the central Andes is poorly understood due to numerous discrepancies among the diverse proxy records that span this geographically and climatically complex region. The exact timing, duration and magnitude of wet and dry phases are seldom duplicated from one proxy type to another, and there have been few opportunities to compare climatic records from the same proxy along environmental gradients. Vegetation histories from fossil rodent middens provide one such opportunity on the Pacific slope of the Andes. We previously reported a vegetation history from the upper margin (2400-3000 m) of the absolute desert in the central Atacama Desert of northern Chile. That record identified a distinct wet phase that peaked between 11.8 and 10.5 ka, when steppe grasses and other upland elements expanded as much as 1000 m downslope, and a secondary wet period during the middle to late Holocene (7.1-3.5 ka). The latter wet phase remains controversial and is not as readily apparent in our low-elevation midden record. We thus sought to replicate both phases in a midden record from the mid-elevations (31003300 m) of the and prepuna, where slight precipitation increases would be amplified. Midden records from these elevations identify conditions wetter than today at 13.5-9.6, 7.6-6.3, 4.4-3.2 and possibly 1.8-1.2 ka. Dry phases occurred at 9.4-8.4 ka and possibly at ca. 5.1 ka. Present floras and modern hyperarid conditions were established after 3.2 ka. The records from the two elevational bands generally match with some important differences. These differences could reflect both the discontinuous aspect of the midden record and the episodic nature of precipitation and plant establishment in this hyperarid desert. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lab Palinol, Santiago, Chile. US Geol Survey, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Desert Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Concepcion, Dept Bot, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanograf, Concepcion, Chile. RP Latorre, C (reprint author), Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Biol, Lab Palinol, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. EM clatorre@abello.dic.uchile.cl; jlbetanc@usgs.gov; katydid@usgs.gov; jquade@geo.arizona.edu; omatthei@udec.cl RI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/E-6805-2012 OI Latorre Hidalgo, Claudio/0000-0003-4708-7599 NR 61 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 194 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00279-7 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 679PP UT WOS:000182931400012 ER PT J AU Wylie, BK Johnson, DA Laca, E Saliendra, NZ Gilmanov, TG Reed, BC Tieszen, LL Worstell, BB AF Wylie, BK Johnson, DA Laca, E Saliendra, NZ Gilmanov, TG Reed, BC Tieszen, LL Worstell, BB TI Calibration of remotely sensed, coarse resolution NDVI to CO2 fluxes in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide; primary production; respiration; NDVI; Artemisia ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; SATELLITE DATA; SOIL RESPIRATION; BOREAL FOREST; GROSS PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHAMBER MEASUREMENTS; MINIMUM TEMPERATURE AB The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon flux can be partitioned into gross primary productivity (GPP) and respiration (R). The contribution of remote sensing and modeling holds the potential to predict these components and map them spatially and temporally. This has obvious utility to quantify carbon sink and source relationships and to identify improved land management strategies for optimizing carbon sequestration. The objective of our study was to evaluate prediction of 14-day average daytime CO2 fluxes (F-day) and nighttime CO2 fluxes (R-n) using remote sensing and other data. F-day and R-n were measured with a Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) technique in a sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)-steppe ecosystem in northeast Idaho, USA, during 1996-1999. Micrometeorological variables aggregated across 14-day periods and time-integrated Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (iNDVI) were determined during four growing seasons (1996 - 1999) and used to predict F-day and R-n. We found that iNDVI was a strong predictor of F-day (R-2=0.79, n=66, P<0.0001). Inclusion of evapotranspiration in the predictive equation led to improved predictions of F-day (R-2=0.82, n = 66, P < 0.0001). Crossvalidation indicated that regression tree predictions of F-day were prone to overfitting and that linear regression models were more robust. Multiple regression and regression tree models predicted R-n quite well (R-2 = 0.75 - 0.77, n = 66) with the regression tree model being slightly more robust in crossvalidation. Temporal mapping of F-day and R-n is possible with these techniques and would allow the assessment of NEE in sagebrush -steppe ecosystems. Simulations of periodic F-day measurements, as might be provided by a mobile flux tower, indicated that such measurements could be used in combination with iNDVI to accurately predict Fday. These periodic measurements could maximize the utility of expensive flux towers for evaluating various carbon management strategies, carbon certification, and validation and calibration of carbon flux models. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Raytheon Syst Co, USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Wylie, BK (reprint author), Raytheon Syst Co, USGS, EROS, Ctr Data, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014 OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083 NR 111 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY 15 PY 2003 VL 85 IS 2 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00004-X PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 668LF UT WOS:000182291900009 ER PT J AU Tian, L Yao, T Schuster, PF White, JWC Ichiyanagi, K Pendall, E Pu, J Wu, Y AF Tian, L Yao, T Schuster, PF White, JWC Ichiyanagi, K Pendall, E Pu, J Wu, Y TI Oxygen-18 concentrations in recent precipitation and ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Tibetan Plateau; oxygen isotope; precipitation; ice core ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; O-18 ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; STABLE ISOTOPES; ASIAN MONSOON; CLIMATE; DELTA-O-18; RECORDS; CYCLES; SNOW AB A detailed study of the climatic significance of delta(18)O in precipitation was completed on a 1500 km southwest-northeast transect of the Tibetan Plateau in central Asia. Precipitation samples were collected at four meteorological stations for up to 9 years. This study shows that the gradual impact of monsoon precipitation affects the spatial variation of delta(18)O-T relationship along the transect. Strong monsoon activity in the southern Tibetan Plateau results in high precipitation rates and more depleted heavy isotopes. This depletion mechanism is described as a precipitation "amount effect'' and results in a poor delta(18)O-T relationship at both seasonal and annual scales. In the middle of the Tibetan Plateau, the effects of the monsoon are diminished but continue to cause a reduced correlation of delta(18)O and temperature at the annual scale. At the monthly scale, however, a significant delta(18)O-T relationship does exist. To the north of the Tibetan Plateau beyond the extent of the effects of monsoon precipitation, delta(18)O in precipitation shows a strong temperature dependence. delta(18)O records from two shallow ice cores and historic air temperature data were compared to verify the modern delta(18)O-T relationship. delta(18)O in Dunde ice core was positively correlated with air temperature from a nearby meteorological station in the north of the plateau. The delta(18)O variation in an ice core from the southern Plateau, however, was inversely correlated with precipitation amount at a nearby meteorological station and also the accumulation record in the ice core. The long-term variation of delta(18)O in the ice core record in the monsoon regions of the southern Tibetan Plateau suggest past monsoon seasons were probably more expansive. It is still unclear, however, how changes in large-scale atmosphere circulation might influence summer monsoon precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau. C1 Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lab Ice Core & Cold Reg Environm, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Frontier Observat Res Syst Global Change, Inst Global Change Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. RP Tian, L (reprint author), Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lab Ice Core & Cold Reg Environm, 260 Donggang West Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM ldt@ns.lzb.ac.cn; tdyao@ns.lzb.ac.cn; pschuste@usgs.gov; james.white@colorado.edu; kimpei@jamstec.go.jp; pendall@uwyo.edu; pujs@ns.lzb.ac.cn; yuws@ns.lzb.ac.cn RI White, James/A-7845-2009 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684 NR 35 TC 129 Z9 172 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D9 AR 4293 DI 10.1029/2002JD002173 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 682QN UT WOS:000183103300003 ER PT J AU Doherty, PF Sorci, G Royle, JA Hines, JE Nichols, JD Boulinier, T AF Doherty, PF Sorci, G Royle, JA Hines, JE Nichols, JD Boulinier, T TI Sexual selection affects local extinction and turnover in bird communities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; COLOR PATTERNS; SPECIATION; ECOLOGY; SIZE; ORNAMENTATION; DIMORPHISM; SUCCESS; RATES; COSTS AB Predicting extinction risks has become a central goal for conservation and evolutionary biologists interested in population and community dynamics. Several factors have been put forward to explain risks of extinction, including ecological and life history characteristics of individuals. For instance, factors that affect the balance between natality and mortality can have profound effects on population persistence. Sexual selection has been identified as one such factor. Populations under strong sexual selection experience a number of costs ranging from increased predation and parasitism to enhanced sensitivity to environmental and demographic stochasticity. These findings have led to the prediction that local extinction rates should be higher for species/populations with intense sexual selection. We tested this prediction by analyzing the dynamics of natural bird communities at a continental scale over a period of 21 years (1975-1996), using relevant statistical tools. In agreement with the theoretical prediction, we found that sexual selection increased risks of local extinction (dichromatic birds had on average a 23% higher local extinction rate than monochromatic species). However, despite higher local extinction probabilities, the number of dichromatic species did not decrease over the period considered in this study. This pattern was caused by higher local turnover rates of dichromatic species, resulting in relatively stable communities for both groups of species. Our results suggest that these communities function as metacommunities, with frequent local extinctions followed by colonization. Anthropogenic factors impeding dispersal might therefore have a significant impact on the global persistence of sexually selected species. C1 Univ Paris 06, Ecol Lab, CNRS, UMR 7625, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Parasitol Evolut, CNRS, UMR 7103, F-75252 Paris, France. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Soc, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Doherty, PF (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. OI Boulinier, Thierry/0000-0002-5898-7667; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 NR 44 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 13 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 10 BP 5858 EP 5862 DI 10.1073/pnas.0836953100 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 679UB UT WOS:000182939400054 PM 12682284 ER PT J AU Foulger, GR Natland, JH AF Foulger, GR Natland, JH TI Is "hotspot" volcanism a consequence of plate tectonics? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MANTLE; CONVECTION; ICELAND C1 Univ Durham, Dept Geol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Foulger, GR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 14 TC 109 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 9 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5621 BP 921 EP 922 DI 10.1126/science.1083376 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 675WD UT WOS:000182719800037 PM 12738845 ER PT J AU Oremland, RS Stolz, JF AF Oremland, RS Stolz, JF TI The ecology of arsenic SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; IN-GROUND WATER; MONO LAKE; ORGANOARSENIC COMPOUNDS; REDUCING BACTERIA; STRAIN SES-3; SP-NOV; MOBILIZATION; SEDIMENTS; CALIFORNIA AB Arsenic is a metalloid whose name conjures up images of murder. Nonetheless, certain prokaryotes use arsenic oxyanions for energy generation, either by oxidizing arsenite or by respiring arsenate. These microbes are phylogenetically diverse and occur in a wide range of habitats. Arsenic cycling may take place in the absence of oxygen and can contribute to organic matter oxidation. In aquifers, these microbial reactions may mobilize arsenic from the solid to the aqueous phase, resulting in contaminated drinking water. Here we review what is known about arsenic-metabolizing bacteria and their potential impact on speciation and mobilization of arsenic in nature. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Oremland, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mailstop 480,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 71 TC 679 Z9 735 U1 35 U2 324 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 9 PY 2003 VL 300 IS 5621 BP 939 EP 944 DI 10.1126/science.1081903 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 675WD UT WOS:000182719800044 PM 12738852 ER PT J AU Walder, JS Watts, P Sorensen, OE Janssen, K AF Walder, JS Watts, P Sorensen, OE Janssen, K TI Tsunamis generated by subaerial mass flows SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE tsunamis; impulse waves; landslides; debris flows ID FLUIDIZED GRANULAR MASSES; WATER-WAVES; UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES; SUBMARINE; MUDSLIDE AB [1] Tsunamis generated in lakes and reservoirs by subaerial mass flows pose distinctive problems for hazards assessment because the domain of interest is commonly the "near field,'' beyond the zone of complex splashing but close enough to the source that wave propagation effects are not predominant. Scaling analysis of the equations governing water wave propagation shows that near-field wave amplitude and wavelength should depend on certain measures of mass flow dynamics and volume. The scaling analysis motivates a successful collapse (in dimensionless space) of data from two distinct sets of experiments with solid block "wave makers.'' To first order, wave amplitude/water depth is a simple function of the ratio of dimensionless wave maker travel time to dimensionless wave maker volume per unit width. Wave amplitude data from previous laboratory investigations with both rigid and deformable wave makers follow the same trend in dimensionless parameter space as our own data. The characteristic wavelength/water depth for all our experiments is simply proportional to dimensionless wave maker travel time, which is itself given approximately by a simple function of wave maker length/water depth. Wave maker shape and rigidity do not otherwise influence wave features. Application of the amplitude scaling relation to several historical events yields "predicted'' near-field wave amplitudes in reasonable agreement with measurements and observations. Together, the scaling relations for near-field amplitude, wavelength, and submerged travel time provide key inputs necessary for computational wave propagation and hazards assessment. C1 US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. Appl Fluids Engn Inc, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA. RP Walder, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court,Bldg 10,Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM jswalder@usgs.gov; phil.watts@appliedfluids.com NR 63 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAY 8 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B5 AR 2236 DI 10.1029/2001JB000707 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 678QF UT WOS:000182877400001 ER PT J AU Flint, LE AF Flint, LE TI Physical and hydraulic properties of volcanic rocks from Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; rock properties; volcanic tuffs; porosity; conductivity; moisture retention ID CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL AB [1] A database of physical and hydraulic properties was developed for rocks in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a site under consideration as a geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. The 5320 core samples were collected from 23 shallow (<100 m) and 10 deep (500-1000 m) vertical boreholes. Hydrogeologic units have been characterized in the unsaturated zone [Flint, 1998] that represent rocks with ranges of welding, lithophysae, and high and low temperature alteration (as a result of the depositional, cooling, and alterational history of the lithostratigraphic layers). Lithostratigraphy, the hydrogeologic unit, and the corresponding properties are described. In addition, the physical properties of bulk density, porosity, and particle density; the hydraulic properties of saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture retention characteristics; and the field water content were measured and compiled for each core sample. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Flint, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAY 7 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 AR 1119 DI 10.1029/2001WR001010 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 678QX UT WOS:000182878900001 ER PT J AU Tauxe, L Love, JJ AF Tauxe, L Love, JJ TI Paleointensity in Hawaiian Scientific Drilling Project Hole (HSDP2): Results from submarine basaltic glass (vol 4, art no 8702, 2003) SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Correction DE paleointensity; thellier technique; submarine basaltic glass; corrections; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : paleointensity; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : time variations-secular and long term; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : instruments and techniques; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism : rock and mineral magnetism C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Tauxe, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Love, Jeffrey/N-7593-2013 OI Love, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3324-0348 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD MAY 3 PY 2003 VL 4 AR 1042 DI 10.1029/2003GC000564 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 760UW UT WOS:000187854500005 ER PT J AU Pitman, JK Pashin, JC Hatch, JR Goldhaber, MB AF Pitman, JK Pashin, JC Hatch, JR Goldhaber, MB TI Origin of minerals in joint and cleat systems of the Pottsville Formation, Black Warrior basin, Alabama: Implications for coalbed methane generation and production SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; APPALACHIAN PLATEAU; USA; EXAMPLE; WATERS; GAS AB Coalbed methane is produced from naturally fractured strata in the lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation in the eastern part of the Black Warrior basin, Alabama. Major fracture systems include orthogonal fractures, which consist of systematic joints in siliciclastic strata and face cleats in coal that strike northeast throughout the basin. Calcite and minor amounts of pyrite commonly fill joints in sandstone and shale and, less commonly, cleats in coal. Joint-fill calcite postdates most pyrite and is a weakly ferroan, coarse-crystalline variety that formed during a period of uplift and erosion late in the burial history. Pyrite forms fine to coarse euhedral crystals that line joint walls or are complexly intergrown with calcite. Stable-isotope data reveal large variations in the carbon isotope composition of joint- and cleat-fill calcite (-10.3 to + 24.3parts per thousand Peedee belemnite [PDB]) but,only a relatively narrow range in the oxygenisotope composition of this calcite (-16.2 to -4.1parts per thousand PDB). Negative carbon values can be attributed to C-13-depleted CO2 derived from the oxidation of organic matter, and moderately to highly positive carbon values can be attributed to bacterial methanogenesis. Assuming crystallization temperatures of 20-50degreesC, most joint- and cleat-fill calcite precipitated from fluids with delta(18)O ratios ranging from about -11 to + 2parts per thousand standard mean ocean water (SMOW). Uplift and unroofing since the Mesozoic led to meteoric recharge of Pottsville strata and development of freshwater plumes that were fed by meteoric recharge along the structurally upturned, southeastern margin of the basin. Influxes of fresh water into the basin via faults and coalbeds facilitated late-stage bacterial methanogenesis, which accounts for the high gas content in coal and the carbonate cementation of joints and cleats. Diagenetic and epigenetic minerals can affect the transmissivity and storage capacity of joints and cleats, and they appear to contribute significantly to interwell heterogeneity in the Pottsville Formation. In highly productive coalbed methane fields, joint- and cleat-fill calcite have strongly positive delta(13)C, values, whereas calcite fill has lower delta(13)C values in fields that are,shut in or abandoned. Petrographic analysis and stable-isotope geochemistry of joint- and cleat-fill cements provide insight into coalbed methane reservoir quality and the nature and extent of reservoir compartmentalization, which are important factors governing methane production. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Alabama, University, AL 35486 USA. RP Pitman, JK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, MS 939, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 66 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 87 IS 5 BP 713 EP 731 DI 10.1306/01140301055 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676VR UT WOS:000182773700002 ER PT J AU Ryder, RT Zagorski, WA AF Ryder, RT Zagorski, WA TI Nature origin and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID FORELAND BASIN; GEOCHEMISTRY; PENNSYLVANIA; OHIO; USA; SEDIMENTOLOGY; GENERATION; MECHANISM; PLATEAU; ONTARIO AB Low-permeability sandstones of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation cover about 45,000 mi(2) (117,000 km(2)) of the Appalachian basin and may contain as much as 30 tcf of recoverable gas resources. Major reservoirs consist of the "Clinton" sandstone and Medina Group sandstones. The stratigraphically equivalent Tuscarora Sandstone increases the area of the Lower Silurian regional accumulation (LSRA) by another 30,000 mi(2) (78,000 km(2)). Approximately 8.7 tcf of gas and 400 million bbl of oil have been produced from the Clinton/Medina reservoirs since 1880. The eastern predominantly gas-bearing part of the LSRA is a basin-center gas accumulation, whereas the western part is a conventional oil and gas accumulation with hybrid features of a basin-center accumulation. The basin-center accumulations have pervasive gas saturation, water near irreducible saturation, and generally low fluid pressures. In contrast, the hybrid-conventional accumulations have less-pervasive oil and gas saturation, higher mobile-water saturation, and both normal and abnormally low fluid pressures. High mobile-water saturation in the hybrid-conventional reservoirs form the updip trap for the basin-center gas creating a broad transition zone, tens of miles wide, that has characteristics of both end-member accumulation types. Although the Tuscarora Sandstone part of the basin-center gas accumulation is pervasively saturated with gas, most of its constituent sandstone beds have low porosity and permeability. Commercial gas fields in the Tuscarora Sandstone are trapped in naturally fractured, faulted anticlines. The origin of the LSRA includes (1) generation of oil and gas from Ordovician black shales, (2) vertical migration through an overlying 1000-ft (305-m)-thick Ordovician shale; (3) abnormally high fluid pressure created by oil-to-gas transformation; (4) updip displacement of mobile pore water by overpressured gas; (5) entrapment of pervasive gas in the basin center; (6) postorogenic uplift and erosion, causing gas leakage and a marked reduction in fluid pressure. Most future natural-gas production in the Clinton/Medina sandstones is anticipated to come from the basin-center accumulation. The Tuscarora Sandstone has additional gas resources but typically low reservoir porosity and permeability, and the likelihood of low-energy (in British thermal units) gas reduce the incentive to explore for it. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Great Lakes Energy Partners, Hartville, OH 44632 USA. RP Ryder, RT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 103 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 87 IS 5 BP 847 EP 872 DI 10.1306/01210300199 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676VR UT WOS:000182773700007 ER PT J AU Flint, LE Selker, JS AF Flint, LE Selker, JS TI Use of porosity to estimate hydraulic properties of volcanic tuffs SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE effective porosity; conductivity; Kozeny-Carman; Yucca mountain; volcanic tuffs ID RETENTION DATA; CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; SOILS; MEDIA; FLOW AB Correlations of hydraulic properties with easily measured physical properties are useful for purposes of site characterization in heterogeneous sites. Approximately 600 samples of volcanic rocks from Yucca Mountain, Nevada, representing lithologies with a large range of hydraulic properties, were analyzed to develop correlations of effective porosity with saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture-retention curve-fit parameters that relate to lithologies of varying depositional history and alteration processes. Effective porosity, phi(e), defined as the porosity calculated using drying at a relative humidity of -70 MPa, is used in a generalized Kozeny-Carman equation to predict saturated hydraulic conductivity, K-s = bphi(e)(n), where b and n are constants. The entire dataset has an R-2 of 0.36. When samples are grouped according to general lithology, correlations result in an R-2 of 0.71 for the crystallized/vitric samples, 0.24 for samples with mineral alteration, and 0.34 for samples with microfractures, thus increasing the predictive capability over that of the total dataset. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioresource Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Flint, LE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 26 IS 5 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00182-3 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 668FF UT WOS:000182279100007 ER PT J AU Lissner, J Mendelssohn, IA Lorenzen, B Brix, H McKee, KL Miao, SL AF Lissner, J Mendelssohn, IA Lorenzen, B Brix, H McKee, KL Miao, SL TI Interactive effects of redox intensity and phosphate availability on growth and nutrient relations of Cladium jamaicense (Cyperaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cladium jamaicense; Cyperaceae; Everglades; micronutrients; nutrient acquisition; nutrient allocation; nutrient use efficiency; photosynthesis; sawgrass; Typha domingensis ID TYPHA-DOMINGENSIS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PHOSPHORUS; SAWGRASS; EFFICIENCY; CATTAIL; ROOTS; SOIL; RESPONSES; GRADIENT AB Expansion of Typha domingensis into areas previously dominated by Cladium jamaicense in the Florida Everglades has been linked to anthropogenic phosphorus (P) enrichment and increased hydroperiod. The principal stress factor for plants in flooded soils is biochemical reduction. the intensity of which is measured as redox potential (Eh), The objective of this study was to assess the growth response of C. jamaicense to Eh (-150, +150, and +600 mV) and P availability (10, 80, and 500 mug P/L). Plants were grown hydroponically in a factorial experiment using titanium (Ti3+) citrate as an Eh buffer. Treatment effects on growth, biomass partitioning, and tissue nutrients were recorded. Growth approximately doubled in response to a 50-fold increase in P availability. Low redox significantly reduced growth and tissue P concentration. While plant P concentrations increased 20-fold between the 10 and 500 mug P/L treatments. P concentrations were 50-100% higher at +600 mV than at -150 mV within each phosphate level. At high Eh, C. jamaicense appears well adapted to low nutrient environments because of its tow P requirement and high retention of acquired P. However. at low Eh the ability to acquire or conserve acquired P decreases and as a consequence, higher phosphate levels are required to sustain growth. Findings of this study indicate that young C. jamaicense exhibits low tolerance to strongly reducing conditions when phosphate is scarce. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Plant Ecol, DK-8240 Risskov, Denmark. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. RP Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, S Stadium Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Brix, Hans/C-5208-2008; McKee, Karen/D-1365-2014 OI Brix, Hans/0000-0003-2771-2983; McKee, Karen/0000-0001-7042-670X NR 52 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 90 IS 5 BP 736 EP 748 DI 10.3732/ajb.90.5.736 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683DW UT WOS:000183133400010 PM 21659170 ER PT J AU Wintsch, RP Kunk, MJ Boyd, JL Aleinikoff, JN AF Wintsch, RP Kunk, MJ Boyd, JL Aleinikoff, JN TI P-T-t paths and differential Alleghanian loading and uplift of the Bronson Hill terrane, south central New England SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SOUTHEASTERN NEW-ENGLAND; DUCTILE FAULT ZONE; MG-FE OLIVINE; CENTRAL CONNECTICUT; CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS; TITANITE CATIOSIO4; NARRAGANSETT BASIN; RADIOMETRIC AGES; BOLTON SYNCLINE; HIGH-PRESSURE AB Late Paleozoic U-Pb ages of sphene and (40)Ar/(39)Ar cooling ages of amphibole and muscovite from rocks of the Bronson Hill terrane in Connecticut and central Massachusetts reflect a late Paleozoic (Alleghanian) overprint on Acadian metamorphic rocks. Prograde Alleghanian sphenes crystallized during the Late Penn-sylvanian, and eliminate the possibility that amphibole ages reflect delayed Permian cooling from Devonian Acadian metamorphism. Fourteen new amphibole ages from Connecticut form a north-to-south trend of decreasing age from 294 to 245 Ma, while in Massachusetts four new amphibole ages together with three others from the literature produce a random Carboniferous pattern. Seven new muscovite ages support existing data indicating uniform cooling throughout the Bronson Hill terrane through similar to350degreesC in the Early Triassic. The rate of Permian cooling defined by amphibole-muscovite pairs increases from similar to4degreesC/my in northern Connecticut to similar to50degreesC/my near Long Island Sound. Hinged loading and hinged but delayed exhumation in the southern part of the Bronson Hill terrane (with the hinge in central Connecticut) explain these ages and cooling rates as well as a southerly increasing metamorphic field gradient. One-dimensional thermal modeling indicates that loading of Bronson Hill rocks must have begun by the Late Mississippian. The time of peak Alleghanian metamorphic temperature decreases southward from Early Permian in northern Connecticut to Late Permian to the south. These results demonstrate that the metamorphic effects of the Alleghanian orogeny are not restricted to the Avalon terrane of southeastern New England. On the contrary, the Alleghanian orogeny reset (40)Ar/(39)Ar mineral ages, recrystallized minerals, partially melted felsic rocks, and transposed fabrics at least as far west as the Bronson Hill terrane in south-central New England. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wintsch, RP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wintsch@indiana.edu NR 112 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER JOURNAL SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 303 IS 5 BP 410 EP 446 DI 10.2475/ajs.303.5.410 PG 37 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 690WZ UT WOS:000183574600002 ER PT J AU Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Seidensticker, J Dinerstein, E Smith, JLD McDougal, C Johnsingh, AJT Chundawat, RS Thapar, V AF Karanth, KU Nichols, JD Seidensticker, J Dinerstein, E Smith, JLD McDougal, C Johnsingh, AJT Chundawat, RS Thapar, V TI Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID LEOPARD; DHOLE AB Conservation practices are supposed to get refined by advancing scientific knowledge. We study this phenomenon in the context of monitoring tiger populations in India, by evaluating the 'pugmark census method' employed by wildlife managers for three decades. We use an analytical framework of modern animal population sampling to test the efficacy of the pugmark censuses using scientific data on tigers and our field observations. We identify three critical goals for monitoring tiger populations, in order of increasing sophistication: (1) distribution mapping, (2) tracking relative abundance, (3) estimation of absolute abundance. We demonstrate that the present census-based paradigm does not work because it ignores the first two simpler goals, and targets, but fails to achieve, the most difficult third goal. We point out the utility and ready availability of alternative monitoring paradigms that deal with the central problems of spatial sampling and observability. We propose an alternative sampling-based approach that can be tailored to meet practical needs of tiger monitoring at different levels of refinement. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Int Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Tiger Tops, Kathmandu, Nepal. Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Karanth, KU (reprint author), 26-2,Aga Abbas Ali Rd,Apt 403, Bangalore 560042, Karnataka, India. NR 40 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 6 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1017/S1367943003003184 PN 2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 688XB UT WOS:000183461600007 ER PT J AU Bernardy, JA Vue, C Gaikowski, MP Stehly, GR Gingerich, WH Moore, A AF Bernardy, JA Vue, C Gaikowski, MP Stehly, GR Gingerich, WH Moore, A TI Residue depletion of oxytetracycline from fillet tissues of northern pike and walleye SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE oxytetracycline; northern pike; walleye; fillet tissue; depletion ID MEDICATED-FEED; RAINBOW-TROUT; CHINOOK SALMON; FISH AB The broad-spectrum antibacterial drug oxytetracycline (OTC) is used in the U.S. to treat certain diseases in salmonids and catfish. This study was conducted to support an extension of the OTC label to include all cool-water fish species cultured at U.S. public aquaculture facilities by satisfying human food safety requirements. Juvenile northern pike (Esox lucius; mean weight: 1.17 g) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum; mean weight: 59 g) were fed OTC-medicated diets near the maximum legal treatment rate (82.7 mg OTC-HCl/kg fish/day for 10 days) and near the lower limit of the water temperature range for most disease outbreaks in these species (14 and 16 degreesC, respectively). Two trials were conducted simultaneously with northern pike, one using commercially medicated feed and the other using on-site OTC top-coated feed. A third trial was performed with walleye using on-site OTC top-coated feed. Fillet tissues were collected and OTC free base (OTC-base) concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum mean OTC-base concentrations in the fillet tissue were 319 ng/g in northern pike (skinless) and 721 ng/g in walleye (skin-on), both well below the current tolerance limit of 2000 ng/g OTC-base. The log-linear loss of OTC-base from the fillet tissues was monophasic, with terminal phase half-lives of 5.9 days in northern pike fed commercial medicated feed, 6.7 days in northern pike fed top-coated feed, and 10.5 days in walleye fed top-coated feed. The data supported a zero withdrawal time in juvenile northern pike and walleye fed OTC at the approved dose level for 10 days at water temperatures down to 14 and 16 degreesC respectively. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Fisheries Bur, Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Moravia, IA 52571 USA. RP Bernardy, JA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Biol Resources Div, Upper Midw Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. OI Gaikowski, Mark/0000-0002-6507-9341 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 1 PY 2003 VL 221 IS 1-4 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00136-4 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 670AB UT WOS:000182383300050 ER PT J AU Cabello-Pasini, A Muniz-Salazar, R Ward, DH AF Cabello-Pasini, A Muniz-Salazar, R Ward, DH TI Annual variations of biomass and photosynthesis in Zostera marina at its southern end of distribution in the North Pacific SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Baja California; hours of light saturated photosynthesis (H-sat); photosynthesis; seasonality; turbidity; Zostera marina ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; EELGRASS; LIGHT; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; ATTENUATION; ESTUARY; MEXICO AB Density, biomass, morphology, phenology and photosynthetic characteristics of Zostera marina were related to continuous measurements of in situ irradiance, attenuation coefficient and temperature at three coastal lagoons in Baja California, Mexico. In situ irradiance was approximately two-fold lower at San Quintin Bay (SQ) than at Ojo de Liebre Lagoon (OL) and San Ignacio Lagoon (SI). As a consequence of the greater irradiance, plants at OL and SI were established 1 m deeper within the water column than those at SQ. At SQ, there was a four-fold variation in biomass of Z. marina caused by changes on shoot length and not shoot density, while at OL and SI biomass and shoot length did not fluctuate significantly throughout the year. Reproductive shoot density reached maximum values concomitantly with the greatest irradiance during spring-summer, however, the density was approximately three-fold greater at SQ than at the southern coastal lagoons. While irradiance levels were two-fold greater at the southern lagoons, in general, photosynthetic characteristics were similar among all three lagoons. The hours of light saturated photosynthesis, calculated from their photosynthetic characteristics and irradiance measurements, suggest that photosynthesis of shoots from OL and SI are saturated for more than 6 h per day throughout the year, while shoots from SQ are likely light limited during approximately 15% of the year. Consequently, an increase in attenuation coefficient values in the water column will likely decrease light availability to Z. marina plants at SQ, potentially decreasing their survival. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Cabello-Pasini, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, AP 453, Ensenada 22800, Baja California, Mexico. NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 76 IS 1 BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(03)00012-3 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 675NG UT WOS:000182701000003 ER PT J AU Day, DD Beyer, WN Hoffman, DJ Morton, A Sileo, L Audet, DJ Ottinger, MA AF Day, DD Beyer, WN Hoffman, DJ Morton, A Sileo, L Audet, DJ Ottinger, MA TI Toxicity of lead-contaminated sediment to mute swans SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COEUR-DALENE RIVER; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; AMERICAN KESTRELS; SMELTING COMPLEX; NORTHERN IDAHO; TUNDRA SWANS; MINING SITE; DUCKS; BIRDS; BIOAVAILABILITY AB Most ecotoxicological risk assessments of wildlife emphasize contaminant exposure through ingestion of food and water. However, the role of incidental ingestion of sediment-bound contaminants has not been adequately appreciated in these assessments. This study evaluates the toxicological consequences of contamination of sediments with metals from hard-rock mining and smelting activities. Lead-contaminated sediments collected from the Coeur d'Alene River Basin in Idaho were combined with either a commercial avian maintenance diet or ground rice and fed to captive mute swans (Cygnus olor) for 6 weeks. Experimental treatments consisted of maintenance or rice diets containing 0, 12 (no rice group), or 24% highly contaminated (3,950 mug/g lead) sediment or 24% reference (9.7 mug/g lead) sediment. Although none of the swans died, the group fed a rice diet containing 24% lead-contaminated sediment were the most severely affected, experiencing a 24% decrease in mean body weight, including three birds that became emaciated. All birds in this treatment group had nephrosis; abnormally dark, viscous bile; and significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations compared to their pretreatment levels. This group also had the greatest mean concentrations of lead in blood (3.2 mug/g), brain (2.2 mug/g), and liver (8.5 mug/g). These birds had significant (alpha = 0.05) increases in mean plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations and decreased plasma triglyceride concentrations compared to all other treatment groups. After 14 days of exposure, mean protoporphyrin concentrations increased substantially, and mean 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity decreased by more than 95% in all groups fed diets containing highly contaminated sediments. All swans fed diets that contained 24% lead-contaminated sediment had renal acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies, which are diagnostic of lead poisoning in waterfowl. Body weight and hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations in swans on control (no sediment) and reference (uncontaminated) sediment diets remained unchanged. These data provide evidence that mute swans consuming environmentally relevant concentrations of Coeur d'Alene River Basin sediment developed severe sublethal lead poisoning. Furthermore, toxic effects were more pronounced when the birds were fed lead-contaminated sediment combined with rice, which closely resembles the diet of swans in the wild. C1 US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, Anim Sci Ctr 3115, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Day, DD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 11510 Amer Holly Dr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 44 IS 4 BP 510 EP 522 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-1140-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 665CQ UT WOS:000182102400012 PM 12712282 ER PT J AU Tweed, EJ Foster, JT Woodworth, BL Oesterle, P Kuehler, C Lieberman, AA Powers, AT Whitaker, K Monahan, WB Kellerman, J Telfer, T AF Tweed, EJ Foster, JT Woodworth, BL Oesterle, P Kuehler, C Lieberman, AA Powers, AT Whitaker, K Monahan, WB Kellerman, J Telfer, T TI Survival, dispersal, and home-range establishment of reintroduced captive-bred puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE reintroduction; captive-bred; Puaiohi; dispersal; home-range ID RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; HAWAIIAN THRUSHES; SMALL PASSERINES; TRANSLOCATION; DESIGN; WILD AB We monitored the survival, dispersal, and home-range establishment of captive-bred, reintroduced puaiohi Myadestes palmeri, a critically endangered thrush endemic to the island of Kauai. Fourteen captive-bred, juvenile birds were released from hacktowers in January-February 1999 and monitored for 8-10 weeks using radiotelemetry. All 14 birds (100%) survived to 56 days post-release. Two birds (14.3%) dispersed greater than 3 kin from release site within 1 day of release. The remaining birds settled within 1 week and established either temporary home-ranges (mean area = 7.9 +/- 12.0 ha, range 0.4-31.9) or breeding home-ranges (mean area 1.2 +/- 0.34 ha, range 0.8-1.6). Temporary home ranges were abandonded by the beginning of the breeding season, and ultimately 6 of the 14 birds (43%) established breeding home ranges in the release area. The high survival rate bodes well for establishing additional populations through captive breeding and release; however, the 57% dispersal rate out of the target area means that several releases of birds may be necessary in order to repopulate a given drainage. Furthermore, observed dispersal and gene flow between the reintroduced and wild populations have important implications for management of the captive flock. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USGS, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Island Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. Zool Soc San Diego, Hawaii Endangered Bird Conservat Program, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Dept Land & Nat Resources, Lihue, HI 96766 USA. RP Woodworth, BL (reprint author), USGS, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Island Ecosyst Res Ctr, Kilauea Field Stn,POB 44,Bldg 344,Hawaii Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. EM bethany_woodworth@usgs.gov OI Foster, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8235-8564 NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 AR PII S0006-3207(02)00175-1 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00175-1 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652FH UT WOS:000181368800001 ER PT J AU Garrison, VH Shinn, EA Foreman, WT Griffin, DW Holmes, CW Kellogg, CA Majewski, MS Richardson, LL Ritchie, KB Smith, GW AF Garrison, VH Shinn, EA Foreman, WT Griffin, DW Holmes, CW Kellogg, CA Majewski, MS Richardson, LL Ritchie, KB Smith, GW TI African and Asian dust: From desert soils to coral reefs SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aeromicrobiology; African dust; Asian dust; contaminants; coral reefs ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SAHARAN DUST; IRON FERTILIZATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PARTICLE-SIZE; WEST-AFRICA; SEA; PESTICIDES AB Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the decline of coral reefs throughout the world, but none adequately accounts for the lack of recovery of reefs or the wide geographical distribution of coral diseases. The processes driving the decline remain elusive. Hundreds of millions of tons of dust transported annually from Africa and Asia to the Americas may be adversely affecting coral reefs and other downwind ecosystems. Viable microorganisms, macro- and micronutrients, trace metals, and an array of organic contaminants carried in the dust air masses and deposited in the oceans and on land may play important roles in the complex changes occurring on coral reefs worldwide. C1 US Geol Survey, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Microgenom Inc, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Univ S Carolina, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Garrison, VH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 600 4th St S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Kellogg, Christina/B-3257-2009 NR 91 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2003 VL 53 IS 5 BP 469 EP 480 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0469:AAADFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 677WX UT WOS:000182833000010 ER PT J AU Westerling, AL Gershunov, A Brown, TJ Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD AF Westerling, AL Gershunov, A Brown, TJ Cayan, DR Dettinger, MD TI Climate and wildfire in the western United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX; HYDROLOGIC DROUGHT; AREA; FIRE AB A 21-yr gridded monthly fire-starts and acres-burned dataset from U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs fire reports recreates the seasonality and interannual variability of wildfire in the western United States. Despite pervasive human influence in western fire regimes, it is striking how strongly these data reveal a fire season responding to variations in climate. Correlating anomalous wildfire frequency and extent with the Palmer Drought Severity Index illustrates the importance of prior and accumulated precipitation anomalies for future wildfire season severity. This link to antecedent seasons' moisture conditions varies widely with differences in predominant fuel type. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that the relationship between wildfire season severity and observed moisture anomalies from antecedent seasons is strong enough to forecast fire season severity at lead times of one season to a year in advance. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Westerling, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, Mail Code 0224,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 21 TC 230 Z9 234 U1 5 U2 49 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 84 IS 5 BP 595 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-84-5-595 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 684TT UT WOS:000183223200018 ER PT J AU Marsh, EE Goldfarb, RJ Hart, CJR Johnson, CA AF Marsh, EE Goldfarb, RJ Hart, CJR Johnson, CA TI Geology and geochemistry of the Clear Creek intrusion-related gold occurrences, Tintina Gold Province, Yukon, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; CONTACT-METAMORPHISM; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; FLUID INCLUSIONS; IGNEOUS ROCKS; DEPOSITS; SULFUR; OXYGEN; QUARTZ; ALASKA AB The Clear Creek gold occurrences lie within deformed lower greenschist-facies rocks of the western Selwyn basin. They consist of auriferous, sheeted quartz veins that cut six Cretaceous stocks and their hornfels. The veins contain 1-2% combined pyrite and arsenopyrite, with lesser pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and scheelite, as well as 2-5 g/t Au. New Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of hydrothermal micas indicates that the veins formed within 1-2 million years of granitoid emplacement. Fluid inclusion microthermometry defines a parent ore fluid of similar to81 mol.% H2O, 14 mol.% CO2, 4 mol.% NaCl +/- KCl, and 1 mol.% CH4, which unmixed into a low- and high-salinity immiscible pair. This suggests a more saline parent fluid and a greater degree of fluid unmixing relative to the other occurrences in the eastern Tintina Gold Province. Inclusions trapped in As- and Bi-rich, high-gold grade veins have homogenization temperatures of 300-350degreesC, whereas inclusions found in more Ag- and Pb-rich veins are characterized by temperatures of 250-300degreesC. Fluid inclusion geobarometry suggests hydro-fracturing and gold deposition at 5-7 km depth. The delta(18)O values of quartz samples range from 13-16% (per mil) and delta(34)S for sulfides are also consistent between -3.0parts per thousand and 0parts per thousand, with the exception of some outliers from the Contact Zone of the Pukelman stock that indicate a lower temperature second phase of mineralization. It remains uncertain as to whether the Clear Creek ore fluids were exsolved from magmas at depth or from devolatilization reactions within the contact metamorphic aureoles of the intrusions. C1 US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Geol & Geophys, Ctr Global Metallogeny, Crawley, WA 6907, Australia. Yukon Geol Program, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2C6, Canada. RP Marsh, EE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Box 25046,MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA. NR 69 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 681 EP 699 DI 10.1139/E03-018 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 696DZ UT WOS:000183872100001 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Lyons, J Rasmussen, P Seelbach, P Simon, T Wiley, M Kanehl, P Baker, E Niemela, S Stewart, PM AF Wang, LZ Lyons, J Rasmussen, P Seelbach, P Simon, T Wiley, M Kanehl, P Baker, E Niemela, S Stewart, PM TI Watershed, reach, and riparian influences on stream fish assemblages in the Northern Lakes and Forest Ecoregion, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES; WISCONSIN STREAMS; LAND-USE; SPECIES COMPOSITION; HABITAT; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; MANAGEMENT; INTEGRITY; CATCHMENT AB We analyzed data from 79 watersheds in an undegraded U.S. ecoregion to identify key environmental factors that explained stream fish assemblage patterns and to evaluate the relative influence of environmental factors operating at different spatial scales. A few key factors from the watershed, reach, and riparian scale explained a significant amount of the variance in fish attributes. Three environment-fish associations were evident. Top carnivores and intolerant cold-water fishes were associated with relatively narrow, deep, high-gradient, cold streams with strong groundwater inputs. Tolerant cyprinids occurred in small streams with low groundwater input, low dissolved oxygen, and abundant macrophytes. A diverse assemblage (Cyprinidae, Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Percidae) existed in warm, wide streams in watersheds dominated by lacustrine sand and gravel geology and abundant wetlands and lakes. Overall, reach-scale variables directly explained the most, watershed-scale variables less, and riparian-scale variables the least variation in fish attributes. Watershed and riparian variables had indirect connections with fishes through their direct influence on reach variables. In conjunction with findings from more degraded regions, we conclude that the relative influence of reach-scale variables on fishes are greatest in undegraded areas and that direct effects of watershed-scale variables are increasingly important as human modifications of the landscape increase. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. Troy State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. RP Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. EM lizhu.wang@dnr.state.wi.us RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 42 TC 157 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 33 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 491 EP 505 DI 10.1139/F03-043 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 698PB UT WOS:000184007000001 ER PT J AU Felicetti, LA Schwartz, CC Rye, RO Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA Phillips, DL Robbins, CT AF Felicetti, LA Schwartz, CC Rye, RO Haroldson, MA Gunther, KA Phillips, DL Robbins, CT TI Use of sulfur and nitrogen stable isotopes to determine the importance of whitebark pine nuts to Yellowstone grizzly bears SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; MIXING MODELS; BLACK BEARS; DELTA-C-13; MORTALITY; PROTEIN AB Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a masting species that produces relatively large, fat- and protein-rich nuts that are consumed by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Trees produce abundant nut crops in some years and poor crops in other years. Grizzly bear survival in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is strongly linked to variation in pine-nut availability. Because whitebark pine trees are infected with blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), an exotic fungus that has killed the species throughout much of its range in the northern Rocky Mountains, we used stable isotopes to quantify the importance of this food resource to Yellowstone grizzly bears while healthy populations of the trees still exist. Whitebark pine nuts have a sulfur-isotope signature (9.2 +/- 1.3% (mean +/- 1 SD)) that is distinctly different from those of all other grizzly bear foods (ranging from 1.9 +/- 1.7parts per thousand for all other plants to 3.1 +/- 2.6parts per thousand for ungulates). Feeding trials with captive grizzly bears were used to develop relationships between dietary sulfur-, carbon-, and nitrogen-isotope signatures and those of bear plasma. The sulfur and nitrogen relationships were used to estimate the importance of pine nuts to free-ranging grizzly bears from blood and hair samples collected between 1994 and 2001. During years of poor pine-nut availability, 72% of the bears made minimal use of pine nuts. During years of abundant cone availability, 8 +/- 10% of the bears made minimal use of pine nuts, while 67 +/- 19% derived over 51% of their assimilated sulfur and nitrogen (i.e., protein) from pine nuts. Pine nuts and meat are two critically important food resources for Yellowstone grizzly bears. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Interagcy Grizzly Bear Study Team, Biol Resources Div,US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80215 USA. Bear Management Off, Yellowstone Natl Pk, WY 82190 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Felicetti, LA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 39 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 32 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 81 IS 5 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1139/Z03-054 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 698CT UT WOS:000183980600002 ER PT J AU Harrison, SP Kutzbach, JE Liu, Z Bartlein, PJ Otto-Bliesner, B Muhs, D Prentice, IC Thompson, RS AF Harrison, SP Kutzbach, JE Liu, Z Bartlein, PJ Otto-Bliesner, B Muhs, D Prentice, IC Thompson, RS TI Mid-Holocene climates of the Americas: a dynamical response to changed seasonality SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER PRECIPITATION REGIME; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; 9000 YEARS BP; C-14 YR BP; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE HOLOCENE; SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB Simulations of the climatic response to mid-Holocene (6 ka BP) orbital forcing with two coupled ocean-atmosphere models (FOAM and CSM) show enhancement of monsoonal precipitation in parts of the American Southwest. Central America and northernmost South America during Northern Hemisphere summer. The enhanced onshore flow that brings precipitation into Central America is caused by a northward displacement of the inter-tropical convergence zone, driven by cooling of the equatorial and warming of the northern subtropical and mid-latitude ocean. Ocean feedbacks also enhance precipitation over the American Southwest, although the increase in monsoon precipitation there is largely driven by increases in land-surface temperature. The northward shift in the equatorial precipitation band that causes enhanced precipitation in Central America and the American Southwest has a negative feedback effect on monsoonal precipitation in northern South America. The simulations demonstrate that mid-Holocene aridity in the mid-continent of North America is dynamically linked to the orbitally induced enhancement of the summer monsoon in the American Southwest, with a spatial structure (wet in the Southwest and dry in the mid-continent) similar to that found in strong monsoon years today. Changes in winter precipitation along the west coast of North America, in Central America and along the Gulf Coast, caused by southward-displacement of the westerly storm tracks, indicate that changes in the Northern Hemisphere winter monsoon also play a role in regional climate changes during the mid-Holocene. Although the simulations with FOAM and CSM differ in detail, the general mechanisms and patterns are common to both. The model results thus provide a coherent dynamical explanation for regional patterns of increased or decreased aridity shown by vegetation, lake status and aeolian data from the Americas. C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Harrison, SP (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, POB 100164, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RI Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; OI Bartlein, Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903 NR 84 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 5 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 20 IS 7-8 BP 663 EP 688 DI 10.1007/s00382-002-0300-6 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690LL UT WOS:000183550600001 ER PT J AU McCammon, RB AF McCammon, RB TI 2000 John Cedric Griffiths Teaching Award of the International Association for Mathematical Geology SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Geol Survey, Sequim, WA USA. RP McCammon, RB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Sequim, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2003 VL 29 IS 4 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(03)00023-2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 684DL UT WOS:000183190100013 ER PT J AU Collazo, JA White, TH Vilella, FJ Guerrero, SA AF Collazo, JA White, TH Vilella, FJ Guerrero, SA TI Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Amazona ventralis; Dominican Republic; Hispaniolan Parrot; movement release program; survival; telemetry ID PUERTO-RICAN PARROTS; FOREST AB We report first-year survival rates of 49 captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis) released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic. Our goal was to learn about factors affecting postrelease survival. Specifically, we tested if survival was related to movements and whether modifying prerelease protocols influenced survival rates. We also estimated survival in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges (22 September 1998). Twenty-four parrots, fitted with radio-transmitters, were released between 14 September and 12 December 1997. Twenty-five more were released between 29 June and 16 September 1998. First-year survival rates were 30% in 1997 and 29% in 1998. Survival probability was related to bird mobility. In contrast to birds released in 1997, none of the 25 parrots released in 1998 suffered early postrelease mortality (i.e., 3-5 days after release). Two adjustments to prerelease protocols (increased exercise and reduced blood sampling) made in 1998 may have contributed to differences in mobility and survival between years. The reduction of early postrelease mortality in 1998 was encouraging, as was the prospect for higher first-year survival (e.g., 30% to 65%). Only one death was attributed to the immediate impact of the hurricane. Loss of foraging resources was likely a major contributor to ensuing mortality. Birds increased their mobility, presumably in search of food. Survival rates dropped 23% in only eight weeks posthurricane. This study underscores the value of standardized prerelease protocols, and of estimating survival and testing for factors that might influence it. Inferences from such tests will provide the best basis to make adjustments to a release program. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, US Geol Survey, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Parque Zool Nacl Arq Manuel Valverde, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Collazo, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 198 EP 207 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0198:SOCHPR]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 674YF UT WOS:000182664700002 ER PT J AU Rotella, JJ Clark, RG Afron, AD AF Rotella, JJ Clark, RG Afron, AD TI Survival of female Lesser Scaup: Effects of body size, age, and reproductive effort SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Aythya affinis; body size; cost of reproduction; Lesser Scaup; reproductive effort; size-selective mortality; survival ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; EGG SIZE; EUROPEAN DUCKS; NATURAL-SELECTION; DABBLING DUCKS; MARKED ANIMALS; HATCHING DATE; LONG-TERM; POPULATIONS AB In birds, larger females generally have greater breeding propensity, reproductive investment, and success than do smaller females. However, optimal female body size also depends on how natural selection acts during other parts of the life cycle. Larger female Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) produce larger eggs than do smaller females, and ducklings from larger eggs survive better than those hatching from smaller eggs. Accordingly, we examined patterns of apparent annual survival for female scaup and tested whether natural selection on female body size primarily was stabilizing, a frequent assumption in studies of sexually dimorphic species in which males are the larger sex, or was directional, counteracting reproductive advantages of large size. We estimated survival using mark-recapture methods for individually marked females from two study sites in Canada (Erickson, Manitoba; St. Denis, Saskatchewan). Structurally larger (adults) and heavier (ducklings) females had lower survival than did smaller individuals in Manitoba; no relationship was detected in adults from Saskatchewan. Survival of adult females declined with indices of increasing reproductive effort at both sites; consequently, the cost of reproduction could explain age-related patterns of breeding propensity in scaup. Furthermore, if larger females are more likely to breed than are smaller females, then cost of reproduction also may help explain why survival was lower for larger females. Overall, we found that advantages of large body size of female scaup during breeding or as young ducklings apparently were counteracted by natural selection favoring lightweight juveniles and structurally smaller adult females through higher annual survival. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Prairie & No Wildlife Res Ctr, Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. Louisiana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rotella, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2003 VL 105 IS 2 BP 336 EP 347 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[0336:SOFLSE]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 674YF UT WOS:000182664700014 ER EF